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fea681da | 1 | .\" Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) |
b4e9ee8f | 2 | .\" and Copyright (C) 2002-2008 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> |
fea681da MK |
3 | .\" with networking additions from Alan Cox (A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk) |
4 | .\" and scsi additions from Michael Neuffer (neuffer@mail.uni-mainz.de) | |
5 | .\" and sysctl additions from Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl) | |
6 | .\" and System V IPC (as well as various other) additions from | |
c11b1abf | 7 | .\" Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> |
fea681da MK |
8 | .\" |
9 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or | |
10 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
11 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
12 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
13 | .\" | |
14 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" | |
15 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
16 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
17 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
18 | .\" | |
19 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
20 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
21 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
22 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
23 | .\" | |
24 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | |
25 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free | |
26 | .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, | |
27 | .\" USA. | |
28 | .\" | |
29 | .\" Modified 1995-05-17 by faith@cs.unc.edu | |
30 | .\" Minor changes by aeb and Marty Leisner (leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com). | |
31 | .\" Modified 1996-04-13, 1996-07-22 by aeb@cwi.nl | |
32 | .\" Modified 2001-12-16 by rwhron@earthlink.net | |
33 | .\" Modified 2002-07-13 by jbelton@shaw.ca | |
34 | .\" Modified 2002-07-22, 2003-05-27, 2004-04-06, 2004-05-25 | |
c11b1abf | 35 | .\" by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> |
5d6d14a0 MK |
36 | .\" 2004-11-17, mtk -- updated notes on /proc/loadavg |
37 | .\" 2004-12-01, mtk, rtsig-max and rtsig-nr went away in 2.6.8 | |
568105c6 MK |
38 | .\" 2004-12-14, mtk, updated 'statm', and fixed error in order of list |
39 | .\" 2005-05-12, mtk, updated 'stat' | |
6d64ca9c | 40 | .\" 2005-07-13, mtk, added /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* |
363f747c MK |
41 | .\" 2005-09-16, mtk, Added /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable |
42 | .\" 2005-09-19, mtk, added /proc/zoneinfo | |
b4e9ee8f | 43 | .\" 2005-03-01, mtk, moved /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/* material to mq_overview.7. |
69119dc7 MK |
44 | .\" 2008-06-05, mtk, Added /proc/[pid]/oom_score, /proc/[pid]/oom_adj, |
45 | .\" /proc/[pid]/limits, /proc/[pid]/mountinfo, /proc/[pid]/mountstats, | |
46 | .\" and /proc/[pid]/fdinfo/*. | |
47 | .\" 2008-06-19, mtk, Documented /proc/[pid]/status. | |
cc2d5c36 | 48 | .\" 2008-07-15, mtk, added /proc/config.gz |
363f747c | 49 | .\" |
c533af9d | 50 | .\" FIXME 2.6.13 seems to have /proc/vmcore implemented |
c13182ef MK |
51 | .\" in the source code, but there is no option available under |
52 | .\" 'make xconfig'; eventually this should be fixed, and then info | |
53 | .\" from the patch-2.6.13 and change log could be used to write an | |
c533af9d | 54 | .\" entry in this man page. |
cc2d5c36 | 55 | .\" Needs CONFIG_VMCORE |
8cf9de1b | 56 | .\" |
c13182ef MK |
57 | .\" FIXME cross check against Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt |
58 | .\" to see what information could be imported from that file | |
c533af9d | 59 | .\" into this file. |
fea681da | 60 | .\" |
dd021848 | 61 | .TH PROC 5 2008-10-06 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
fea681da | 62 | .SH NAME |
24d01c53 | 63 | proc \- process information pseudo-file system |
fea681da MK |
64 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
65 | The | |
66 | .I proc | |
24d01c53 | 67 | file system is a pseudo-file system which is used as an interface to |
c13182ef MK |
68 | kernel data structures. |
69 | It is commonly mounted at | |
fea681da | 70 | .IR /proc . |
c13182ef | 71 | Most of it is read-only, but some files allow kernel variables to be |
fea681da MK |
72 | changed. |
73 | .LP | |
743638fd MK |
74 | The following outline gives a quick tour through the |
75 | .I /proc | |
76 | hierarchy. | |
fea681da MK |
77 | .PD 1 |
78 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 79 | .I /proc/[pid] |
fea681da MK |
80 | There is a numerical subdirectory for each running process; the |
81 | subdirectory is named by the process ID. | |
82 | Each such subdirectory contains the following | |
83 | pseudo-files and directories. | |
69119dc7 MK |
84 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/attr and |
85 | .\" /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/attr | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
86 | .\" This is a directory |
87 | .\" Added in ??? | |
88 | .\" CONFIG_SECURITY | |
89 | .\" | |
fea681da | 90 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 91 | .IR /proc/[pid]/auxv " (since 2.6.0-test7)" |
857f1942 | 92 | This contains the contents of the ELF interpreter information passed |
c13182ef | 93 | to the process at exec time. |
857f1942 | 94 | The format is one \fIunsigned long\fP ID |
c13182ef | 95 | plus one \fIunsigned long\fP value for each entry. |
857f1942 | 96 | The last entry contains two zeros. |
69119dc7 MK |
97 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/cgroup and |
98 | .\" /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/cgroup | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
99 | .\" Info in Documentation/cgroups.txt |
100 | .\" Added in 2.6.24 | |
101 | .\" CONFIG_CGROUPS | |
102 | .\" | |
69119dc7 | 103 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/clear_refs |
b4e9ee8f MK |
104 | .\" Added in 2.6.22 |
105 | .\" "Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output" | |
106 | .\" write-only | |
107 | .\" CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR | |
857f1942 | 108 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 109 | .I /proc/[pid]/cmdline |
b447cd58 MK |
110 | This holds the complete command line for the process, |
111 | unless the process is a zombie. | |
112 | .\" In 2.3.26, this also used to be true if the process was swapped out. | |
113 | In the latter case, there is nothing in this file: | |
75b94dc3 | 114 | that is, a read on this file will return 0 characters. |
b447cd58 | 115 | The command-line arguments appear in this file as a set of |
59a40ed7 MK |
116 | null-separated strings, |
117 | with a further null byte (\(aq\\0\(aq) after the last string. | |
fea681da | 118 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 119 | .IR /proc/[pid]/coredump_filter " (since kernel 2.6.23)" |
b4e9ee8f MK |
120 | See |
121 | .BR core (5). | |
5c411b17 | 122 | .TP |
69119dc7 MK |
123 | .IR /proc/[pid]/cpuset " (since kernel 2.6.12)" |
124 | .\" and/proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/cpuset | |
5c411b17 MK |
125 | See |
126 | .BR cpuset (7). | |
b4e9ee8f | 127 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 128 | .I /proc/[pid]/cwd |
c13182ef | 129 | This is a symbolic link to the current working directory of the process. |
59a40ed7 MK |
130 | To find out the current working directory of process 20, |
131 | for instance, you can do this: | |
fea681da | 132 | |
59a40ed7 | 133 | .in +4n |
fea681da | 134 | .nf |
fea681da MK |
135 | cd /proc/20/cwd; /bin/pwd |
136 | .fi | |
59a40ed7 | 137 | .in |
fea681da | 138 | |
c13182ef MK |
139 | Note that the |
140 | .I pwd | |
e7b489f0 | 141 | command is often a shell built-in, and might |
c13182ef | 142 | not work properly. |
743638fd MK |
143 | In |
144 | .BR bash (1), | |
145 | you may use | |
146 | .IR "pwd\ \-P" . | |
afcaf646 MK |
147 | |
148 | .\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13 | |
c13182ef MK |
149 | In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link |
150 | are not available if the main thread has already terminated | |
afcaf646 | 151 | (typically by calling |
59a40ed7 | 152 | .BR pthread_exit (3)). |
fea681da | 153 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 154 | .I /proc/[pid]/environ |
fea681da | 155 | This file contains the environment for the process. |
f81fb444 | 156 | The entries are separated by null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq), |
b4e9ee8f | 157 | and there may be a null byte at the end. |
fea681da | 158 | Thus, to print out the environment of process 1, you would do: |
a08ea57c | 159 | .in +4n |
fea681da | 160 | .nf |
a08ea57c | 161 | |
fea681da MK |
162 | .ft CW |
163 | (cat /proc/1/environ; echo) | tr "\\000" "\\n" | |
164 | .fi | |
165 | .ft P | |
a08ea57c | 166 | .in |
fea681da | 167 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 168 | .I /proc/[pid]/exe |
fea681da | 169 | Under Linux 2.2 and later, this file is a symbolic link |
2d7195b8 | 170 | containing the actual pathname of the executed command. |
c13182ef MK |
171 | This symbolic link can be dereferenced normally; attempting to open |
172 | it will open the executable. | |
173 | You can even type | |
69119dc7 | 174 | .I /proc/[pid]/exe |
c13182ef | 175 | to run another copy of the same executable as is being run by |
69119dc7 | 176 | process [pid]. |
afcaf646 | 177 | .\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13 |
c13182ef MK |
178 | In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link |
179 | are not available if the main thread has already terminated | |
afcaf646 MK |
180 | (typically by calling |
181 | .BR pthread_exit (3)). | |
fea681da MK |
182 | |
183 | Under Linux 2.0 and earlier | |
69119dc7 | 184 | .I /proc/[pid]/exe |
c13182ef MK |
185 | is a pointer to the binary which was executed, |
186 | and appears as a symbolic link. | |
187 | A | |
fea681da MK |
188 | .BR readlink (2) |
189 | call on this file under Linux 2.0 returns a string in the format: | |
190 | ||
59a40ed7 | 191 | [device]:inode |
fea681da MK |
192 | |
193 | For example, [0301]:1502 would be inode 1502 on device major 03 (IDE, | |
194 | MFM, etc. drives) minor 01 (first partition on the first drive). | |
195 | ||
196 | .BR find (1) | |
59a40ed7 MK |
197 | with the |
198 | .I \-inum | |
199 | option can be used to locate the file. | |
fea681da | 200 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 201 | .I /proc/[pid]/fd |
fea681da MK |
202 | This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the |
203 | process has open, named by its file descriptor, and which is a | |
c13182ef MK |
204 | symbolic link to the actual file. |
205 | Thus, 0 is standard input, 1 standard output, 2 standard error, etc. | |
fea681da | 206 | |
afcaf646 MK |
207 | .\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13 |
208 | In a multithreaded process, the contents of this directory | |
c13182ef | 209 | are not available if the main thread has already terminated |
afcaf646 MK |
210 | (typically by calling |
211 | .BR pthread_exit (3)). | |
212 | ||
59a40ed7 MK |
213 | Programs that will take a filename as a command-line argument, |
214 | but will not take input from standard input if no argument is supplied, | |
215 | or that write to a file named as a command-line argument, | |
216 | but will not send their output to standard output | |
217 | if no argument is supplied, can nevertheless be made to use | |
218 | standard input or standard out using | |
69119dc7 | 219 | .IR /proc/[pid]/fd . |
59a40ed7 MK |
220 | For example, assuming that |
221 | .I \-i | |
222 | is the flag designating an input file and | |
223 | .I \-o | |
224 | is the flag designating an output file: | |
a08ea57c | 225 | .in +4n |
fea681da MK |
226 | .nf |
227 | ||
59a40ed7 | 228 | foobar \-i /proc/self/fd/0 \-o /proc/self/fd/1 ... |
fea681da | 229 | .fi |
a08ea57c MK |
230 | .in |
231 | ||
fea681da MK |
232 | and you have a working filter. |
233 | .\" The following is not true in my tests (MTK): | |
234 | .\" Note that this will not work for | |
235 | .\" programs that seek on their files, as the files in the fd directory | |
236 | .\" are not seekable. | |
237 | ||
59a40ed7 MK |
238 | .I /proc/self/fd/N |
239 | is approximately the same as | |
240 | .I /dev/fd/N | |
8ee190da | 241 | in some Unix and Unix-like systems. |
c13182ef | 242 | Most Linux MAKEDEV scripts symbolically link |
59a40ed7 MK |
243 | .I /dev/fd |
244 | to | |
245 | .IR /proc/self/fd , | |
246 | in fact. | |
247 | ||
248 | Most systems provide symbolic links | |
249 | .IR /dev/stdin , | |
250 | .IR /dev/stdout , | |
251 | and | |
252 | .IR /dev/stderr , | |
253 | which respectively link to the files | |
254 | .IR 0 , | |
255 | .IR 1 , | |
256 | and | |
257 | .IR 2 | |
258 | in | |
259 | .IR /proc/self/fd . | |
260 | Thus the example command above could be written as: | |
261 | .in +4n | |
262 | .nf | |
263 | ||
264 | foobar \-i /dev/stdin \-o /dev/stdout ... | |
265 | .fi | |
266 | .in | |
69119dc7 | 267 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/loginuid |
b877b392 | 268 | .\" Added in 2.6.11; updating requires CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL |
b4e9ee8f MK |
269 | .\" CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL |
270 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 271 | .IR /proc/[pid]/fdinfo/ " (since kernel 2.6.22)" |
b4e9ee8f MK |
272 | This is a subdirectory containing one entry for each file which the |
273 | process has open, named by its file descriptor. | |
274 | The contents of each file can be read to obtain information | |
275 | about the corresponding file descriptor, for example: | |
276 | .in +4n | |
277 | .nf | |
278 | ||
279 | $ cat /proc/12015/fdinfo/4 | |
280 | pos: 1000 | |
281 | flags: 01002002 | |
282 | .fi | |
283 | .in | |
284 | ||
285 | The | |
286 | .I pos | |
287 | field is a decimal number showing the current file offset. | |
288 | The | |
289 | .I flags | |
290 | field is an octal number that displays the | |
291 | file access mode and file status flags (see | |
292 | .BR open (2)). | |
293 | ||
294 | The files in this directory are readable only by the owner of the process. | |
69119dc7 | 295 | .\" FIXME document /proc/[pid]/io |
b4e9ee8f | 296 | .\" .TP |
69119dc7 | 297 | .\" .IR /proc/[pid]/io " (since kernel 2.6.20)" |
b4e9ee8f | 298 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 299 | .IR /proc/[pid]/limits " (since kernel 2.6.24)" |
b4e9ee8f MK |
300 | This file displays the soft limit, hard limit, and units of measurement |
301 | for each of the process's resource limits (see | |
59a40ed7 | 302 | .BR getrlimit (2)). |
b4e9ee8f | 303 | The file is protected to only allow reading by the real UID of the process. |
fea681da | 304 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 305 | .I /proc/[pid]/maps |
fea681da MK |
306 | A file containing the currently mapped memory regions and their access |
307 | permissions. | |
308 | ||
309 | The format is: | |
310 | ||
311 | .nf | |
312 | .ft CW | |
3bc960c2 MK |
313 | address perms offset dev inode pathname |
314 | 08048000-08056000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 64593 /usr/sbin/gpm | |
315 | 08056000-08058000 rw-p 0000d000 03:0c 64593 /usr/sbin/gpm | |
fea681da | 316 | 08058000-0805b000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 |
3bc960c2 MK |
317 | 40000000-40013000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 4165 /lib/ld-2.2.4.so |
318 | 40013000-40015000 rw-p 00012000 03:0c 4165 /lib/ld-2.2.4.so | |
319 | 4001f000-40135000 r-xp 00000000 03:0c 45494 /lib/libc-2.2.4.so | |
320 | 40135000-4013e000 rw-p 00115000 03:0c 45494 /lib/libc-2.2.4.so | |
fea681da MK |
321 | 4013e000-40142000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 |
322 | bffff000-c0000000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0 | |
323 | .ft | |
324 | .fi | |
fea681da | 325 | |
59a40ed7 MK |
326 | where "address" is the address space in the process that it occupies, |
327 | "perms" is a set of permissions: | |
fea681da MK |
328 | |
329 | .nf | |
330 | .in +5 | |
331 | r = read | |
332 | w = write | |
333 | x = execute | |
334 | s = shared | |
335 | p = private (copy on write) | |
336 | .fi | |
337 | .in | |
338 | ||
59a40ed7 MK |
339 | "offset" is the offset into the file/whatever, "dev" is the device |
340 | (major:minor), and "inode" is the inode on that device. | |
341 | 0 indicates that no inode is associated with the memory region, | |
342 | as the case would be with BSS (uninitialized data). | |
fea681da MK |
343 | |
344 | Under Linux 2.0 there is no field giving pathname. | |
345 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 346 | .I /proc/[pid]/mem |
fea681da MK |
347 | This file can be used to access the pages of a process's memory through |
348 | .BR open (2), | |
349 | .BR read (2), | |
350 | and | |
ccb2bb0d | 351 | .BR lseek (2). |
b4e9ee8f | 352 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 353 | .IR /proc/[pid]/mountinfo " (since Linux 2.6.26)" |
b4e9ee8f MK |
354 | .\" This info adapted from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt |
355 | This file contains information about mount points. | |
356 | It contains lines of the form: | |
357 | .nf | |
358 | .ft CW | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
359 | |
360 | 36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue | |
361 | (1)(2)(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
362 | .ft |
363 | .fi | |
364 | .IP | |
365 | The numbers in parentheses are labels for the descriptions below: | |
3bc960c2 | 366 | .RS 7 |
b4e9ee8f MK |
367 | .TP 5 |
368 | (1) | |
369 | mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after | |
370 | .BR umount (2)). | |
371 | .TP | |
372 | (2) | |
373 | parent ID: ID of parent mount (or of self for the top of the mount tree). | |
374 | .TP | |
375 | (3) | |
376 | major:minor: value of | |
377 | .I st_dev | |
378 | for files on file system (see | |
379 | .BR stat (2)). | |
380 | .TP | |
381 | (4) | |
382 | root: root of the mount within the file system. | |
383 | .TP | |
384 | (5) | |
385 | mount point: mount point relative to the process's root. | |
386 | .TP | |
387 | (6) | |
388 | mount options: per-mount options. | |
389 | .TP | |
390 | (7) | |
391 | optional fields: zero or more fields of the form "tag[:value]". | |
392 | .TP | |
393 | (8) | |
394 | separator: marks the end of the optional fields. | |
395 | .TP | |
396 | (9) | |
397 | file system type: name of file system in the form "type[.subtype]". | |
398 | .TP | |
399 | (10) | |
400 | mount source: file system-specific information or "none". | |
401 | .TP | |
402 | (11) | |
403 | super options: per-super block options. | |
404 | .RE | |
405 | .IP | |
406 | Parsers should ignore all unrecognized optional fields. | |
407 | Currently the possible optional fields are: | |
408 | .RS 12 | |
409 | .TP 18 | |
410 | shared:X | |
411 | mount is shared in peer group X | |
412 | .TP | |
413 | master:X | |
414 | mount is slave to peer group X | |
415 | .TP | |
416 | propagate_from:X | |
417 | mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X (*) | |
418 | .TP | |
419 | unbindable | |
420 | mount is unbindable | |
421 | .RE | |
422 | .IP | |
423 | (*) X is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root. | |
424 | If X is the immediate master of the mount, | |
425 | or if there is no dominant peer group under the same root, | |
426 | then only the "master:X" field is present | |
427 | and not the "propagate_from:X" field. | |
428 | ||
429 | For more information on mount propagation see: | |
430 | .I Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt | |
431 | in the kernel source tree. | |
432 | .TP | |
cea61382 MK |
433 | .IR /proc/[pid]/mounts " (since Linux 2.4.19)" |
434 | This is a list of all the file systems currently mounted in the | |
435 | process's namespace. | |
436 | The format of this file is documented in | |
437 | .BR fstab (5). | |
438 | Since kernel version 2.6.15, this file is pollable: | |
439 | after opening the file for reading, a change in this file | |
440 | (i.e., a file system mount or unmount) causes | |
441 | .BR select (2) | |
442 | to mark the file descriptor as readable, and | |
443 | .BR poll (2) | |
444 | and | |
445 | .BR epoll_wait (2) | |
446 | mark the file as having an error condition. | |
447 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 448 | .IR /proc/[pid]/mountstats " (since Linux 2.6.17)" |
783a6233 | 449 | This file exports information (statistics, configuration information) |
b4e9ee8f MK |
450 | about the mount points in the process's name space. |
451 | Lines in this file have the form: | |
452 | .nf | |
453 | ||
454 | device /dev/sda7 mounted on /home with fstype ext3 [statistics] | |
455 | ( 1 ) ( 2 ) (3 ) (4) | |
456 | .fi | |
457 | .IP | |
458 | The fields in each line are: | |
3bc960c2 | 459 | .RS 7 |
b4e9ee8f MK |
460 | .TP 5 |
461 | (1) | |
462 | The name of the mounted device | |
463 | (or "nodevice" if there is no corresponding device). | |
464 | .TP | |
465 | (2) | |
466 | The mount point within the file system tree. | |
467 | .TP | |
468 | (3) | |
469 | The file system type. | |
470 | .TP | |
471 | (4) | |
472 | Optional statistics and configuration information. | |
473 | Currently (as at Linux 2.6.26), only NFS file systems export | |
474 | information via this field. | |
475 | .RE | |
476 | .IP | |
477 | This file is only readable by the owner of the process. | |
b4e9ee8f | 478 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 479 | .IR /proc/[pid]/numa_maps " (since Linux 2.6.14)" |
610f75cc MK |
480 | See |
481 | .BR numa (7). | |
7388733a | 482 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 483 | .IR /proc/[pid]/oom_adj " (since Linux 2.6.11)" |
b4e9ee8f | 484 | This file can be used to adjust the score used to select which process |
0425de01 | 485 | should be killed in an out-of-memory (OOM) situation. |
b4e9ee8f MK |
486 | The kernel uses this value for a bit-shift operation of the process's |
487 | .IR oom_score | |
488 | value: | |
5b8dbfd4 MK |
489 | valid values are in the range \-16 to +15, |
490 | plus the special value \-17, | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
491 | which disables OOM-killing altogether for this process. |
492 | A positive score increases the likelihood of this | |
493 | process being killed by the OOM-killer; | |
494 | a negative score decreases the likelihood. | |
495 | The default value for this file is 0; | |
496 | a new process inherits its parent's | |
497 | .I oom_adj | |
498 | setting. | |
499 | A process must be privileged | |
500 | .RB ( CAP_SYS_RESOURCE ) | |
501 | to update this file. | |
502 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 503 | .IR /proc/[pid]/oom_score " (since Linux 2.6.11)" |
b4e9ee8f MK |
504 | .\" See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources |
505 | This file displays the current score that the kernel gives to | |
506 | this process for the purpose of selecting a process | |
507 | for the OOM-killer. | |
508 | A higher score means that the process is more likely to be | |
509 | selected by the OOM-killer. | |
510 | The basis for this score is the amount of memory used by the process, | |
511 | with increases (+) or decreases (\-) for factors including: | |
512 | .\" See mm/oom_kill.c::badness() in the 2.6.25 sources | |
513 | .RS | |
514 | .IP * 2 | |
515 | whether the process creates a lot of children using | |
516 | .BR fork (2) | |
517 | (+); | |
518 | .IP * | |
519 | whether the process has been running a long time, | |
520 | or has used a lot of CPU time (\-); | |
521 | .IP * | |
522 | whether the process has a low nice value (i.e., > 0) (+); | |
523 | .IP * | |
524 | whether the process is privileged (\-); and | |
525 | .\" More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE | |
526 | .IP * | |
527 | whether the process is making direct hardware access (\-). | |
528 | .\" More precisely, if it has CAP_SYS_RAWIO | |
529 | .RE | |
530 | .IP | |
531 | The | |
532 | .I oom_score | |
533 | also reflects the bit-shift adjustment specified by the | |
534 | .I oom_adj | |
535 | setting for the process. | |
69119dc7 | 536 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/pagemap |
b4e9ee8f MK |
537 | .\" Added in 2.6.25 |
538 | .\" CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR | |
fea681da | 539 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 540 | .I /proc/[pid]/root |
fea681da | 541 | Unix and Linux support the idea of a per-process root of the |
24d01c53 | 542 | file system, set by the |
fea681da | 543 | .BR chroot (2) |
c13182ef MK |
544 | system call. |
545 | This file is a symbolic link that points to the process's | |
fea681da | 546 | root directory, and behaves as exe, fd/*, etc. do. |
afcaf646 MK |
547 | |
548 | .\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13 | |
c13182ef MK |
549 | In a multithreaded process, the contents of this symbolic link |
550 | are not available if the main thread has already terminated | |
afcaf646 MK |
551 | (typically by calling |
552 | .BR pthread_exit (3)). | |
69119dc7 | 553 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/seccomp |
6aefb6df | 554 | .\" Added in 2.6.12 |
69119dc7 | 555 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/sessionid |
b4e9ee8f MK |
556 | .\" Added in 2.6.25; read-only; only readable by real UID |
557 | .\" CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL | |
69119dc7 | 558 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/sched |
b4e9ee8f MK |
559 | .\" Added in 2.6.23 |
560 | .\" CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG, and additional fields if CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS | |
561 | .\" Displays various scheduling parameters | |
562 | .\" This file can be written, to reset stats | |
69119dc7 MK |
563 | .\" FIXME Describe /proc/[pid]/schedstats and |
564 | .\" /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/schedstats | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
565 | .\" Added in 2.6.9 |
566 | .\" CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS | |
fea681da | 567 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 568 | .IR /proc/[pid]/smaps " (since Linux 2.6.14)" |
b4e9ee8f | 569 | .\" CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR |
b07b19c4 | 570 | This file shows memory consumption for each of the process's mappings. |
59a40ed7 | 571 | For each of mappings there is a series of lines such as the following: |
a08ea57c | 572 | .in +4n |
b07b19c4 MK |
573 | .nf |
574 | ||
575 | 08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash | |
576 | Size: 464 kB | |
577 | Rss: 424 kB | |
578 | Shared_Clean: 424 kB | |
579 | Shared_Dirty: 0 kB | |
580 | Private_Clean: 0 kB | |
581 | Private_Dirty: 0 kB | |
582 | ||
583 | .fi | |
a08ea57c | 584 | .in |
b07b19c4 MK |
585 | The first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed |
586 | for the mapping in | |
69119dc7 | 587 | .IR /proc/[pid]/maps . |
b07b19c4 MK |
588 | The remaining lines show the size of the mapping, |
589 | the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM, | |
590 | the number clean and dirty shared pages in the mapping, | |
591 | and the number clean and dirty private pages in the mapping. | |
592 | ||
097585ed MK |
593 | This file is only present if the |
594 | .B CONFIG_MMU | |
595 | kernel configuration | |
b07b19c4 MK |
596 | option is enabled. |
597 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 598 | .I /proc/[pid]/stat |
c13182ef MK |
599 | Status information about the process. |
600 | This is used by | |
601 | .BR ps (1). | |
602 | It is defined in | |
fea681da MK |
603 | .IR /usr/src/linux/fs/proc/array.c "." |
604 | ||
605 | The fields, in order, with their proper | |
606 | .BR scanf (3) | |
607 | format specifiers, are: | |
608 | .RS | |
59a40ed7 | 609 | .TP 12 |
fea681da | 610 | \fIpid\fP %d |
357cf3fe | 611 | The process ID. |
fea681da MK |
612 | .TP |
613 | \fIcomm\fP %s | |
c13182ef MK |
614 | The filename of the executable, in parentheses. |
615 | This is visible whether or not the executable is swapped out. | |
fea681da MK |
616 | .TP |
617 | \fIstate\fP %c | |
618 | One character from the string "RSDZTW" where R is running, S is | |
619 | sleeping in an interruptible wait, D is waiting in uninterruptible | |
620 | disk sleep, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped (on a signal), | |
621 | and W is paging. | |
622 | .TP | |
623 | \fIppid\fP %d | |
624 | The PID of the parent. | |
625 | .TP | |
626 | \fIpgrp\fP %d | |
627 | The process group ID of the process. | |
628 | .TP | |
629 | \fIsession\fP %d | |
630 | The session ID of the process. | |
631 | .TP | |
fea681da | 632 | \fItty_nr\fP %d |
59a40ed7 MK |
633 | The controlling terminal of the process. |
634 | (The minor device number is contained in the combination of bits | |
635 | 31 to 20 and 7 to 0; | |
636 | the major device number is in bits 15 t0 8.) | |
fea681da MK |
637 | .TP |
638 | \fItpgid\fP %d | |
639 | .\" This field and following, up to and including wchan added 0.99.1 | |
59a40ed7 MK |
640 | The ID of the foreground process group of the controlling |
641 | terminal of the process. | |
fea681da | 642 | .TP |
2ebfeb1b | 643 | \fIflags\fP %u (%lu before Linux 2.6.22) |
c13182ef MK |
644 | The kernel flags word of the process. |
645 | For bit meanings, | |
fea681da MK |
646 | see the PF_* defines in |
647 | .IR <linux/sched.h> . | |
648 | Details depend on the kernel version. | |
649 | .TP | |
650 | \fIminflt\fP %lu | |
651 | The number of minor faults the process has made which have not | |
652 | required loading a memory page from disk. | |
653 | .TP | |
59a40ed7 | 654 | .\" field 11 |
fea681da MK |
655 | \fIcminflt\fP %lu |
656 | The number of minor faults that the process's | |
657 | waited-for children have made. | |
658 | .TP | |
659 | \fImajflt\fP %lu | |
660 | The number of major faults the process has made which have | |
661 | required loading a memory page from disk. | |
662 | .TP | |
663 | \fIcmajflt\fP %lu | |
664 | The number of major faults that the process's | |
665 | waited-for children have made. | |
666 | .TP | |
667 | \fIutime\fP %lu | |
7a017e24 MK |
668 | Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in user mode, |
669 | measured in clock ticks (divide by | |
670 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
a1c9dc59 MK |
671 | This includes guest time, \fIguest_time\fP |
672 | (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below), | |
673 | so that applications that are not aware of the guest time field | |
674 | do not lose that time from their calculations. | |
fea681da MK |
675 | .TP |
676 | \fIstime\fP %lu | |
7a017e24 MK |
677 | Amount of time that this process has been scheduled in kernel mode, |
678 | measured in clock ticks (divide by | |
679 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
fea681da MK |
680 | .TP |
681 | \fIcutime\fP %ld | |
7a017e24 MK |
682 | Amount of time that this process's |
683 | waited-for children have been scheduled in user mode, | |
684 | measured in clock ticks (divide by | |
685 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
c13182ef | 686 | (See also |
fea681da | 687 | .BR times (2).) |
a1c9dc59 MK |
688 | This includes guest time, \fIcguest_time\fP |
689 | (time spent running a virtual CPU, see below). | |
fea681da MK |
690 | .TP |
691 | \fIcstime\fP %ld | |
7a017e24 MK |
692 | Amount of time that this process's |
693 | waited-for children have been scheduled in kernel mode, | |
694 | measured in clock ticks (divide by | |
695 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
fea681da MK |
696 | .TP |
697 | \fIpriority\fP %ld | |
59a40ed7 MK |
698 | (Explanation for Linux 2.6) |
699 | For processes running a real-time scheduling policy | |
700 | .RI ( policy | |
701 | below; see | |
702 | .BR sched_setscheduler (2)), | |
703 | this is the negated scheduling priority, minus one; | |
704 | that is, a number in the range \-2 to \-100, | |
705 | corresponding to real-time priorities 1 to 99. | |
706 | For processes running under a non-real-time scheduling policy, | |
707 | this is the raw nice value | |
708 | .RB ( setpriority (2)) | |
709 | as represented in the kernel. | |
710 | The kernel stores nice values as numbers | |
711 | in the range 0 (high) to 39 (low), | |
712 | corresponding to the user-visible nice range of \-20 to 19. | |
713 | ||
714 | Before Linux 2.6, this was a scaled value based on | |
715 | the scheduler weighting given to this process. | |
716 | .\" And back in kernel 1.2 days things were different again. | |
fea681da MK |
717 | .TP |
718 | \fInice\fP %ld | |
59a40ed7 MK |
719 | The nice value (see |
720 | .BR setpriority (2)), | |
721 | a value in the range 19 (low priority) to \-20 (high priority). | |
722 | .\" Back in kernel 1.2 days things were different. | |
fea681da MK |
723 | .TP |
724 | .\" .TP | |
725 | .\" \fIcounter\fP %ld | |
726 | .\" The current maximum size in jiffies of the process's next timeslice, | |
727 | .\" or what is currently left of its current timeslice, if it is the | |
728 | .\" currently running process. | |
729 | .\" .TP | |
730 | .\" \fItimeout\fP %u | |
731 | .\" The time in jiffies of the process's next timeout. | |
0e94f77b MK |
732 | .\" timeout was removed sometime around 2.1/2.2 |
733 | \fInum_threads\fP %ld | |
2ebfeb1b | 734 | Number of threads in this process (since Linux 2.6). |
bb83d1b9 | 735 | Before kernel 2.6, this field was hard coded to 0 as a placeholder |
0e94f77b | 736 | for an earlier removed field. |
fea681da | 737 | .TP |
59a40ed7 | 738 | .\" field 21 |
fea681da | 739 | \fIitrealvalue\fP %ld |
8bd58774 MK |
740 | The time in jiffies before the next |
741 | .B SIGALRM | |
742 | is sent to the process due to an interval timer. | |
0e94f77b MK |
743 | Since kernel 2.6.17, this field is no longer maintained, |
744 | and is hard coded as 0. | |
fea681da | 745 | .TP |
0e94f77b | 746 | \fIstarttime\fP %llu (was %lu before Linux 2.6) |
fea681da MK |
747 | The time in jiffies the process started after system boot. |
748 | .TP | |
749 | \fIvsize\fP %lu | |
750 | Virtual memory size in bytes. | |
751 | .TP | |
752 | \fIrss\fP %ld | |
59a40ed7 | 753 | Resident Set Size: number of pages the process has in real memory. |
c13182ef MK |
754 | This is just the pages which |
755 | count towards text, data, or stack space. | |
756 | This does not include pages | |
fea681da MK |
757 | which have not been demand-loaded in, or which are swapped out. |
758 | .TP | |
59a40ed7 MK |
759 | \fIrsslim\fP %lu |
760 | Current soft limit in bytes on the rss of the process; | |
761 | see the description of | |
762 | .B RLIMIT_RSS | |
763 | in | |
764 | .BR getpriority (2). | |
fea681da MK |
765 | .TP |
766 | \fIstartcode\fP %lu | |
767 | The address above which program text can run. | |
768 | .TP | |
769 | \fIendcode\fP %lu | |
770 | The address below which program text can run. | |
771 | .TP | |
772 | \fIstartstack\fP %lu | |
59a40ed7 | 773 | The address of the start (i.e., bottom) of the stack. |
fea681da MK |
774 | .TP |
775 | \fIkstkesp\fP %lu | |
59a40ed7 | 776 | The current value of ESP (stack pointer), as found in the |
fea681da MK |
777 | kernel stack page for the process. |
778 | .TP | |
779 | \fIkstkeip\fP %lu | |
780 | The current EIP (instruction pointer). | |
781 | .TP | |
59a40ed7 | 782 | .\" field 31 |
fea681da | 783 | \fIsignal\fP %lu |
59a40ed7 MK |
784 | The bitmap of pending signals, displayed as a decimal number. |
785 | Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use | |
69119dc7 | 786 | .I /proc/[pid]/status |
59a40ed7 | 787 | instead. |
fea681da MK |
788 | .TP |
789 | \fIblocked\fP %lu | |
59a40ed7 MK |
790 | The bitmap of blocked signals, displayed as a decimal number. |
791 | Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use | |
69119dc7 | 792 | .I /proc/[pid]/status |
59a40ed7 | 793 | instead. |
fea681da MK |
794 | .TP |
795 | \fIsigignore\fP %lu | |
59a40ed7 MK |
796 | The bitmap of ignored signals, displayed as a decimal number. |
797 | Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use | |
69119dc7 | 798 | .I /proc/[pid]/status |
59a40ed7 | 799 | instead. |
fea681da MK |
800 | .TP |
801 | \fIsigcatch\fP %lu | |
59a40ed7 MK |
802 | The bitmap of caught signals, displayed as a decimal number. |
803 | Obsolete, because it does not provide information on real-time signals; use | |
69119dc7 | 804 | .I /proc/[pid]/status |
59a40ed7 | 805 | instead. |
fea681da MK |
806 | .TP |
807 | \fIwchan\fP %lu | |
c13182ef MK |
808 | This is the "channel" in which the process is waiting. |
809 | It is the | |
fea681da | 810 | address of a system call, and can be looked up in a namelist if you |
c13182ef | 811 | need a textual name. |
9a67332e MK |
812 | (If you have an up-to-date |
813 | .IR /etc/psdatabase , | |
814 | then | |
4d9b6984 | 815 | try \fIps \-l\fP to see the WCHAN field in action.) |
fea681da MK |
816 | .TP |
817 | \fInswap\fP %lu | |
0e94f77b | 818 | .\" nswap was added in 2.0 |
4d9b6984 | 819 | Number of pages swapped (not maintained). |
fea681da MK |
820 | .TP |
821 | \fIcnswap\fP %lu | |
0e94f77b | 822 | .\" cnswap was added in 2.0 |
4d9b6984 | 823 | Cumulative \fInswap\fP for child processes (not maintained). |
fea681da | 824 | .TP |
2ebfeb1b | 825 | \fIexit_signal\fP %d (since Linux 2.1.22) |
fea681da MK |
826 | Signal to be sent to parent when we die. |
827 | .TP | |
2ebfeb1b | 828 | \fIprocessor\fP %d (since Linux 2.2.8) |
fea681da | 829 | CPU number last executed on. |
568105c6 | 830 | .TP |
2ebfeb1b | 831 | \fIrt_priority\fP %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22) |
59a40ed7 MK |
832 | Real-time scheduling priority, a number in the range 1 to 99 for |
833 | processes scheduled under a real-time policy, | |
834 | or 0, for non-real-time processes (see | |
568105c6 MK |
835 | .BR sched_setscheduler (2)). |
836 | .TP | |
59a40ed7 | 837 | .\" field 41 |
2ebfeb1b | 838 | \fIpolicy\fP %u (since Linux 2.5.19; was %lu before Linux 2.6.22) |
568105c6 MK |
839 | Scheduling policy (see |
840 | .BR sched_setscheduler (2)). | |
cd60dedd | 841 | Decode using the SCHED_* constants in |
59a40ed7 | 842 | .IR linux/sched.h . |
167450d6 | 843 | .TP |
2ebfeb1b | 844 | \fIdelayacct_blkio_ticks\fP %llu (since Linux 2.6.18) |
0e94f77b | 845 | Aggregated block I/O delays, measured in clock ticks (centiseconds). |
14c06953 MK |
846 | .TP |
847 | \fIguest_time\fP %lu (since Linux 2.6.24) | |
848 | Guest time of the process (time spent running a virtual CPU | |
7a017e24 MK |
849 | for a guest operating system), measured in clock ticks (divide by |
850 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
14c06953 MK |
851 | .TP |
852 | \fIcguest_time\fP %ld (since Linux 2.6.24) | |
7a017e24 MK |
853 | Guest time of the process's children, measured in clock ticks (divide by |
854 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) . | |
fea681da MK |
855 | .RE |
856 | .TP | |
69119dc7 | 857 | .I /proc/[pid]/statm |
59a40ed7 | 858 | Provides information about memory usage, measured in pages. |
c13182ef | 859 | The columns are: |
a08ea57c MK |
860 | .in +4n |
861 | .nf | |
862 | ||
863 | size total program size | |
69119dc7 | 864 | (same as VmSize in \fI/proc/[pid]/status\fP) |
a08ea57c | 865 | resident resident set size |
69119dc7 | 866 | (same as VmRSS in \fI/proc/[pid]/status\fP) |
59a40ed7 | 867 | share shared pages (from shared mappings) |
a08ea57c | 868 | text text (code) |
59a40ed7 MK |
869 | .\" (not including libs; broken, includes data segment) |
870 | lib library (unused in Linux 2.6) | |
871 | data data + stack | |
872 | .\" (including libs; broken, includes library text) | |
a08ea57c MK |
873 | dt dirty pages (unused in Linux 2.6) |
874 | .fi | |
875 | .in | |
fea681da | 876 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 877 | .I /proc/[pid]/status |
fea681da | 878 | Provides much of the information in |
69119dc7 | 879 | .I /proc/[pid]/stat |
fea681da | 880 | and |
69119dc7 | 881 | .I /proc/[pid]/statm |
fea681da | 882 | in a format that's easier for humans to parse. |
16b5f7ba MK |
883 | Here's an example: |
884 | .in +4n | |
885 | .nf | |
886 | ||
887 | $ cat /proc/$$/status | |
888 | Name: bash | |
889 | State: S (sleeping) | |
890 | Tgid: 3515 | |
891 | Pid: 3515 | |
892 | PPid: 3452 | |
893 | TracerPid: 0 | |
894 | Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000 | |
895 | Gid: 100 100 100 100 | |
896 | FDSize: 256 | |
897 | Groups: 16 33 100 | |
898 | VmPeak: 9136 kB | |
899 | VmSize: 7896 kB | |
900 | VmLck: 0 kB | |
901 | VmHWM: 7572 kB | |
902 | VmRSS: 6316 kB | |
903 | VmData: 5224 kB | |
904 | VmStk: 88 kB | |
905 | VmExe: 572 kB | |
906 | VmLib: 1708 kB | |
907 | VmPTE: 20 kB | |
908 | Threads: 1 | |
909 | SigQ: 0/3067 | |
910 | SigPnd: 0000000000000000 | |
911 | ShdPnd: 0000000000000000 | |
912 | SigBlk: 0000000000010000 | |
913 | SigIgn: 0000000000384004 | |
914 | SigCgt: 000000004b813efb | |
915 | CapInh: 0000000000000000 | |
916 | CapPrm: 0000000000000000 | |
917 | CapEff: 0000000000000000 | |
918 | CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff | |
919 | Cpus_allowed: 00000001 | |
920 | Cpus_allowed_list: 0 | |
921 | Mems_allowed: 1 | |
922 | Mems_allowed_list: 0 | |
923 | voluntary_ctxt_switches: 150 | |
924 | nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 545 | |
925 | .fi | |
926 | .in | |
927 | .IP | |
928 | The fields are as follows: | |
929 | .RS | |
930 | .IP * 2 | |
931 | .IR Name : | |
932 | Command run by this process. | |
933 | .IP * | |
934 | .IR State : | |
935 | Current state of the process. One of | |
936 | "R (running)", | |
937 | "S (sleeping)", | |
938 | "D (disk sleep)", | |
939 | "T (stopped)", | |
940 | "T (tracing stop)", | |
941 | "Z (zombie)", | |
942 | or | |
943 | "X (dead)". | |
944 | .IP * | |
945 | .IR Tgid : | |
946 | Thread group ID (i.e., Process ID). | |
947 | .IP * | |
948 | .IR Pid : | |
949 | Thread ID (see | |
950 | .BR gettid (2)). | |
951 | .IP * | |
952 | .IR TracerPid : | |
953 | PID of process tracing this process (0 if not being traced). | |
954 | .IP * | |
955 | .IR Uid ", " Gid : | |
956 | Real, effective, saved set, and file system UIDs (GIDs). | |
957 | .IP * | |
958 | .IR FDSize : | |
959 | Number of file descriptor slots currently allocated. | |
960 | .IP * | |
961 | .IR Groups : | |
962 | Supplementary group list. | |
963 | .IP * | |
964 | .IR VmPeak : | |
965 | Peak virtual memory size. | |
966 | .IP * | |
967 | .IR VmSize : | |
968 | Virtual memory size. | |
969 | .IP * | |
970 | .IR VmLck : | |
971 | Locked memory size. | |
972 | .IP * | |
973 | .IR VmHWM : | |
974 | Peak resident set size ("high water mark"). | |
975 | .IP * | |
976 | .IR VmRSS : | |
977 | Resident set size. | |
978 | .IP * | |
979 | .IR VmData ", " VmStk ", " VmExe : | |
980 | Size of data, stack, and text segments. | |
981 | .IP * | |
982 | .IR VmLib : | |
983 | Shared library code size. | |
984 | .IP * | |
985 | .IR VmPTE : | |
986 | Page table entries size (since Linux 2.6.10). | |
987 | .IP * | |
988 | .IR Threads : | |
989 | Number of threads in process containing this thread. | |
990 | .IP * | |
991 | .IR SigPnd ", " ShdPnd : | |
992 | Number of signals pending for thread and for process as a whole (see | |
993 | .BR pthreads (7) | |
994 | and | |
995 | .BR signal (7)). | |
996 | .IP * | |
997 | .IR SigBlk ", " SigIgn ", " SigCgt : | |
998 | Masks indicating signals being blocked, ignored, and caught (see | |
999 | .BR signal (7)). | |
1000 | .IP * | |
1001 | .IR CapInh ", " CapPrm ", " CapEff : | |
1002 | Masks of capabilities enabled in inheritable, permitted, and effective sets | |
1003 | (see | |
1004 | .BR capabilities (7)). | |
1005 | .IP * | |
1006 | .IR CapBnd : | |
1007 | Capability Bounding set | |
1008 | (since kernel 2.6.26, see | |
1009 | .BR capabilities (7)). | |
1010 | .IP * | |
1011 | .IR Cpus_allowed : | |
1012 | Mask of CPUs on which this process may run | |
1013 | (since Linux 2.6.24, see | |
1014 | .BR cpuset (7)). | |
1015 | .IP * | |
1016 | .IR Cpus_allowed_list : | |
1017 | Same as previous, but in "list format" | |
1018 | (since Linux 2.6.26, see | |
1019 | .BR cpuset (7)). | |
1020 | .IP * | |
1021 | .IR Mems_allowed : | |
1022 | Mask of memory nodes allowed to this process | |
1023 | (since Linux 2.6.24, see | |
1024 | .BR cpuset (7)). | |
1025 | .IP * | |
1026 | .IR Mems_allowed_list : | |
1027 | Same as previous, but in "list format" | |
1028 | (since Linux 2.6.26, see | |
1029 | .BR cpuset (7)). | |
1030 | .IP * | |
1031 | .IR voluntary_context_switches ", " nonvoluntary_context_switches : | |
1032 | Number of voluntary and involuntary context switches (since Linux 2.6.23). | |
1033 | .RE | |
fea681da | 1034 | .TP |
69119dc7 | 1035 | .IR /proc/[pid]/task " (since Linux 2.6.0-test6)" |
afcaf646 MK |
1036 | This is a directory that contains one subdirectory |
1037 | for each thread in the process. | |
69119dc7 MK |
1038 | The name of each subdirectory is the numerical thread ID |
1039 | .RI ( [tid] ) | |
1040 | of the thread (see | |
afcaf646 MK |
1041 | .BR gettid (2)). |
1042 | Within each of these subdirectories, there is a set of | |
1043 | files with the same names and contents as under the | |
69119dc7 | 1044 | .I /proc/[pid] |
afcaf646 MK |
1045 | directories. |
1046 | For attributes that are shared by all threads, the contents for | |
1047 | each of the files under the | |
69119dc7 | 1048 | .I task/[tid] |
afcaf646 | 1049 | subdirectories will be the same as in the corresponding |
c13182ef | 1050 | file in the parent |
69119dc7 | 1051 | .I /proc/[pid] |
afcaf646 | 1052 | directory |
c13182ef | 1053 | (e.g., in a multithreaded process, all of the |
69119dc7 | 1054 | .I task/[tid]/cwd |
c13182ef | 1055 | files will have the same value as the |
69119dc7 | 1056 | .I /proc/[pid]/cwd |
c13182ef | 1057 | file in the parent directory, since all of the threads in a process |
afcaf646 MK |
1058 | share a working directory). |
1059 | For attributes that are distinct for each thread, | |
c13182ef | 1060 | the corresponding files under |
69119dc7 | 1061 | .I task/[tid] |
afcaf646 | 1062 | may have different values (e.g., various fields in each of the |
69119dc7 | 1063 | .I task/[tid]/status |
afcaf646 MK |
1064 | files may be different for each thread). |
1065 | ||
1066 | .\" The following was still true as at kernel 2.6.13 | |
1067 | In a multithreaded process, the contents of the | |
69119dc7 | 1068 | .I /proc/[pid]/task |
c13182ef | 1069 | directory are not available if the main thread has already terminated |
afcaf646 MK |
1070 | (typically by calling |
1071 | .BR pthread_exit (3)). | |
1072 | .TP | |
fea681da | 1073 | .I /proc/apm |
097585ed MK |
1074 | Advanced power management version and battery information when |
1075 | .B CONFIG_APM | |
1076 | is defined at kernel compilation time. | |
fea681da MK |
1077 | .TP |
1078 | .I /proc/bus | |
1079 | Contains subdirectories for installed busses. | |
1080 | .TP | |
1081 | .I /proc/bus/pccard | |
59a40ed7 | 1082 | Subdirectory for PCMCIA devices when |
097585ed MK |
1083 | .B CONFIG_PCMCIA |
1084 | is set at kernel compilation time. | |
fea681da MK |
1085 | .TP |
1086 | .I /proc/bus/pccard/drivers | |
1087 | .TP | |
1088 | .I /proc/bus/pci | |
c13182ef | 1089 | Contains various bus subdirectories and pseudo-files containing |
59a40ed7 | 1090 | information about PCI busses, installed devices, and device |
c13182ef MK |
1091 | drivers. |
1092 | Some of these files are not ASCII. | |
fea681da MK |
1093 | .TP |
1094 | .I /proc/bus/pci/devices | |
59a40ed7 | 1095 | Information about PCI devices. |
c13182ef | 1096 | They may be accessed through |
fea681da MK |
1097 | .BR lspci (8) |
1098 | and | |
1099 | .BR setpci (8). | |
1100 | .TP | |
1101 | .I /proc/cmdline | |
c13182ef MK |
1102 | Arguments passed to the Linux kernel at boot time. |
1103 | Often done via a boot manager such as | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1104 | .BR lilo (8) |
1105 | or | |
1106 | .BR grub (8). | |
f6e524c4 MK |
1107 | .TP |
1108 | .IR /proc/config.gz " (since Linux 2.6)" | |
1109 | This file exposes the configuration options that were used | |
c3d9780d | 1110 | to build the currently running kernel, |
f6e524c4 MK |
1111 | in the same format as they would be shown in the |
1112 | .I .config | |
1113 | file that resulted when configuring the kernel (using | |
1114 | .IR "make xconfig" , | |
1115 | .IR "make config" , | |
1116 | or similar). | |
1117 | The file contents are compressed; view or search them using | |
1118 | .BR zcat (1), | |
1119 | .BR zgrep (1), | |
1120 | etc. | |
1121 | As long as no changes have been made to the following file, | |
250e01ec MK |
1122 | the contents of |
1123 | .I /proc/config.gz | |
1124 | are the same as those provided by : | |
f6e524c4 MK |
1125 | .in +4n |
1126 | .nf | |
1127 | ||
9fd8b185 | 1128 | cat /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build/.config |
f6e524c4 MK |
1129 | .fi |
1130 | .in | |
250e01ec MK |
1131 | .IP |
1132 | .I /proc/config.gz | |
1133 | is only provided if the kernel is configured with | |
250e01ec | 1134 | .BR CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC . |
fea681da MK |
1135 | .TP |
1136 | .I /proc/cpuinfo | |
1137 | This is a collection of CPU and system architecture dependent items, | |
1138 | for each supported architecture a different list. | |
1139 | Two common entries are \fIprocessor\fP which gives CPU number and | |
c13182ef MK |
1140 | \fIbogomips\fP; a system constant that is calculated |
1141 | during kernel initialization. | |
1142 | SMP machines have information for | |
fea681da MK |
1143 | each CPU. |
1144 | .TP | |
1145 | .I /proc/devices | |
c13182ef MK |
1146 | Text listing of major numbers and device groups. |
1147 | This can be used by MAKEDEV scripts for consistency with the kernel. | |
fea681da MK |
1148 | .TP |
1149 | .IR /proc/diskstats " (since Linux 2.5.69)" | |
1150 | This file contains disk I/O statistics for each disk device. | |
1151 | See the kernel source file | |
1152 | .I Documentation/iostats.txt | |
1153 | for further information. | |
1154 | .TP | |
1155 | .I /proc/dma | |
c13182ef | 1156 | This is a list of the registered \fIISA\fP DMA (direct memory access) |
fea681da MK |
1157 | channels in use. |
1158 | .TP | |
1159 | .I /proc/driver | |
1160 | Empty subdirectory. | |
1161 | .TP | |
1162 | .I /proc/execdomains | |
1163 | List of the execution domains (ABI personalities). | |
1164 | .TP | |
1165 | .I /proc/fb | |
097585ed MK |
1166 | Frame buffer information when |
1167 | .B CONFIG_FB | |
1168 | is defined during kernel compilation. | |
fea681da MK |
1169 | .TP |
1170 | .I /proc/filesystems | |
24d01c53 MK |
1171 | A text listing of the file systems which are supported by the kernel, |
1172 | namely file systems which were compiled into the kernel or whose kernel | |
6387216b MK |
1173 | modules are currently loaded. |
1174 | (See also | |
fb477da2 | 1175 | .BR filesystems (5).) |
24d01c53 | 1176 | If a file system is marked with "nodev", |
809d0164 | 1177 | this means that it does not require a block device to be mounted |
24d01c53 | 1178 | (e.g., virtual file system, network file system). |
809d0164 MK |
1179 | |
1180 | Incidentally, this file may be used by | |
1181 | .BR mount (8) | |
24d01c53 MK |
1182 | when no file system is specified and it didn't manage to determine the |
1183 | file system type. | |
1184 | Then file systems contained in this file are tried | |
809d0164 | 1185 | (excepted those that are marked with "nodev"). |
fea681da MK |
1186 | .TP |
1187 | .I /proc/fs | |
1188 | Empty subdirectory. | |
1189 | .TP | |
1190 | .I /proc/ide | |
1191 | This directory | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1192 | exists on systems with the IDE bus. |
1193 | There are directories for each IDE channel and attached device. | |
c13182ef | 1194 | Files include: |
fea681da | 1195 | |
a08ea57c | 1196 | .in +4n |
fea681da MK |
1197 | .nf |
1198 | cache buffer size in KB | |
1199 | capacity number of sectors | |
1200 | driver driver version | |
1201 | geometry physical and logical geometry | |
9fdfa163 | 1202 | identify in hexadecimal |
fea681da MK |
1203 | media media type |
1204 | model manufacturer's model number | |
1205 | settings drive settings | |
9fdfa163 MK |
1206 | smart_thresholds in hexadecimal |
1207 | smart_values in hexadecimal | |
fea681da | 1208 | .fi |
a08ea57c | 1209 | .in |
fea681da | 1210 | |
c13182ef | 1211 | The |
fea681da MK |
1212 | .BR hdparm (8) |
1213 | utility provides access to this information in a friendly format. | |
1214 | .TP | |
1215 | .I /proc/interrupts | |
23ec6ff0 MK |
1216 | This is used to record the number of interrupts per CPU per IO device. |
1217 | Since Linux 2.6.24, | |
1218 | for the i386 and x86_64 architectures, at least, this also includes | |
1219 | interrupts internal to the system (that is, not associated with a device | |
1220 | as such), such as NMI (nonmaskable interrupt), LOC (local timer interrupt), | |
1221 | and for SMP systems, TLB (TLB flush interrupt), RES (rescheduling | |
1222 | interrupt), CAL (remote function call interrupt), and possibly others. | |
1223 | Very easy to read formatting, done in ASCII. | |
fea681da MK |
1224 | .TP |
1225 | .I /proc/iomem | |
1226 | I/O memory map in Linux 2.4. | |
1227 | .TP | |
1228 | .I /proc/ioports | |
c13182ef | 1229 | This is a list of currently registered Input-Output port regions that |
fea681da MK |
1230 | are in use. |
1231 | .TP | |
1232 | .IR /proc/kallsyms " (since Linux 2.5.71)" | |
1233 | This holds the kernel exported symbol definitions used by the | |
1234 | .BR modules (X) | |
1235 | tools to dynamically link and bind loadable modules. | |
1236 | In Linux 2.5.47 and earlier, a similar file with slightly different syntax | |
1237 | was named | |
1238 | .IR ksyms . | |
1239 | .TP | |
1240 | .I /proc/kcore | |
1241 | This file represents the physical memory of the system and is stored | |
c13182ef MK |
1242 | in the ELF core file format. |
1243 | With this pseudo-file, and an unstripped | |
9a67332e MK |
1244 | kernel |
1245 | .RI ( /usr/src/linux/vmlinux ) | |
1246 | binary, GDB can be used to | |
fea681da MK |
1247 | examine the current state of any kernel data structures. |
1248 | ||
1249 | The total length of the file is the size of physical memory (RAM) plus | |
1250 | 4KB. | |
1251 | .TP | |
1252 | .I /proc/kmsg | |
1253 | This file can be used instead of the | |
1254 | .BR syslog (2) | |
c13182ef MK |
1255 | system call to read kernel messages. |
1256 | A process must have superuser | |
fea681da | 1257 | privileges to read this file, and only one process should read this |
c13182ef MK |
1258 | file. |
1259 | This file should not be read if a syslog process is running | |
fea681da MK |
1260 | which uses the |
1261 | .BR syslog (2) | |
1262 | system call facility to log kernel messages. | |
1263 | ||
1264 | Information in this file is retrieved with the | |
1265 | .BR dmesg (8) | |
1266 | program. | |
1267 | .TP | |
1268 | .IR /proc/ksyms " (Linux 1.1.23-2.5.47)" | |
1269 | See | |
1270 | .IR /proc/kallsyms . | |
1271 | .TP | |
1272 | .I /proc/loadavg | |
6b05dc38 MK |
1273 | The first three fields in this file are load average figures |
1274 | giving the number of jobs in the run queue (state R) | |
fea681da MK |
1275 | or waiting for disk I/O (state D) averaged over 1, 5, and 15 minutes. |
1276 | They are the same as the load average numbers given by | |
1277 | .BR uptime (1) | |
1278 | and other programs. | |
6b05dc38 MK |
1279 | The fourth field consists of two numbers separated by a slash (/). |
1280 | The first of these is the number of currently executing kernel | |
c13182ef | 1281 | scheduling entities (processes, threads); |
6b05dc38 MK |
1282 | this will be less than or equal to the number of CPUs. |
1283 | The value after the slash is the number of kernel scheduling entities | |
1284 | that currently exist on the system. | |
1285 | The fifth field is the PID of the process that was most | |
1286 | recently created on the system. | |
fea681da MK |
1287 | .TP |
1288 | .I /proc/locks | |
1289 | This file shows current file locks | |
1290 | .RB ( flock "(2) and " fcntl (2)) | |
1291 | and leases | |
1292 | .RB ( fcntl (2)). | |
1293 | .TP | |
89dd5f8a | 1294 | .IR /proc/malloc " (only up to and including Linux 2.2)" |
59a40ed7 | 1295 | .\" It looks like this only ever did something back in 1.0 days |
097585ed | 1296 | This file is only present if |
89dd5f8a | 1297 | .B CONFIG_DEBUG_MALLOC |
097585ed | 1298 | was defined during compilation. |
fea681da MK |
1299 | .TP |
1300 | .I /proc/meminfo | |
77b802ec MK |
1301 | This file reports statistics about memory usage on the system. |
1302 | It is used by | |
fea681da MK |
1303 | .BR free (1) |
1304 | to report the amount of free and used memory (both physical and swap) | |
1305 | on the system as well as the shared memory and buffers used by the | |
1306 | kernel. | |
fea681da MK |
1307 | .TP |
1308 | .I /proc/mounts | |
c1eea65a MK |
1309 | Before kernel 2.4.19, this file was a list |
1310 | of all the file systems currently mounted on the system. | |
acddbaea | 1311 | With the introduction of per-process namespaces in |
c1eea65a MK |
1312 | Linux 2.4.19, this file became a link to |
1313 | .IR /proc/self/mounts , | |
1314 | which lists the mount points of the process's own namespace. | |
fea681da | 1315 | The format of this file is documented in |
31e9a9ec | 1316 | .BR fstab (5). |
fea681da MK |
1317 | .TP |
1318 | .I /proc/modules | |
1319 | A text list of the modules that have been loaded by the system. | |
1320 | See also | |
1321 | .BR lsmod (8). | |
1322 | .TP | |
1323 | .I /proc/mtrr | |
c13182ef MK |
1324 | Memory Type Range Registers. |
1325 | See | |
fea681da MK |
1326 | .I /usr/src/linux/Documentation/mtrr.txt |
1327 | for details. | |
1328 | .TP | |
1329 | .I /proc/net | |
1330 | various net pseudo-files, all of which give the status of some part of | |
c13182ef MK |
1331 | the networking layer. |
1332 | These files contain ASCII structures and are, | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1333 | therefore, readable with |
1334 | .BR cat (1). | |
c13182ef | 1335 | However, the standard |
fea681da MK |
1336 | .BR netstat (8) |
1337 | suite provides much cleaner access to these files. | |
1338 | .TP | |
1339 | .I /proc/net/arp | |
1340 | This holds an ASCII readable dump of the kernel ARP table used for | |
c13182ef | 1341 | address resolutions. |
59a40ed7 | 1342 | It will show both dynamically learned and pre-programmed ARP entries. |
c13182ef | 1343 | The format is: |
fea681da MK |
1344 | |
1345 | .nf | |
1346 | .ft CW | |
1347 | .in 8n | |
1348 | IP address HW type Flags HW address Mask Device | |
1349 | 192.168.0.50 0x1 0x2 00:50:BF:25:68:F3 * eth0 | |
1350 | 192.168.0.250 0x1 0xc 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0 | |
1351 | .ft | |
1352 | .fi | |
1353 | .in | |
1354 | ||
6c04f928 | 1355 | Here "IP address" is the IPv4 address of the machine and the "HW type" |
c13182ef MK |
1356 | is the hardware type of the address from RFC\ 826. |
1357 | The flags are the internal | |
9a67332e MK |
1358 | flags of the ARP structure (as defined in |
1359 | .IR /usr/include/linux/if_arp.h ) | |
1360 | and | |
6c04f928 | 1361 | the "HW address" is the data link layer mapping for that IP address if |
fea681da MK |
1362 | it is known. |
1363 | .TP | |
1364 | .I /proc/net/dev | |
c13182ef MK |
1365 | The dev pseudo-file contains network device status information. |
1366 | This gives | |
1367 | the number of received and sent packets, the number of errors and | |
fea681da | 1368 | collisions |
c13182ef MK |
1369 | and other basic statistics. |
1370 | These are used by the | |
fea681da | 1371 | .BR ifconfig (8) |
c13182ef MK |
1372 | program to report device status. |
1373 | The format is: | |
fea681da MK |
1374 | |
1375 | .nf | |
1376 | .ft CW | |
1377 | .in 1n | |
1378 | Inter-| Receive | Transmit | |
1379 | face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed | |
1380 | lo: 2776770 11307 0 0 0 0 0 0 2776770 11307 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |
1381 | eth0: 1215645 2751 0 0 0 0 0 0 1782404 4324 0 0 0 427 0 0 | |
1382 | ppp0: 1622270 5552 1 0 0 0 0 0 354130 5669 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |
1383 | tap0: 7714 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 7714 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 | |
1384 | .in | |
1385 | .ft | |
1386 | .fi | |
1387 | .\" .TP | |
1388 | .\" .I /proc/net/ipx | |
1389 | .\" No information. | |
1390 | .\" .TP | |
1391 | .\" .I /proc/net/ipx_route | |
1392 | .\" No information. | |
1393 | .TP | |
1394 | .I /proc/net/dev_mcast | |
1395 | Defined in | |
1396 | .IR /usr/src/linux/net/core/dev_mcast.c : | |
1397 | .nf | |
1398 | .in +5 | |
9fdfa163 | 1399 | indx interface_name dmi_u dmi_g dmi_address |
fea681da MK |
1400 | 2 eth0 1 0 01005e000001 |
1401 | 3 eth1 1 0 01005e000001 | |
1402 | 4 eth2 1 0 01005e000001 | |
1403 | .in | |
1404 | .fi | |
1405 | .TP | |
1406 | .I /proc/net/igmp | |
c13182ef MK |
1407 | Internet Group Management Protocol. |
1408 | Defined in | |
fea681da MK |
1409 | .IR /usr/src/linux/net/core/igmp.c . |
1410 | .TP | |
1411 | .I /proc/net/rarp | |
1412 | This file uses the same format as the | |
1413 | .I arp | |
1414 | file and contains the current reverse mapping database used to provide | |
1415 | .BR rarp (8) | |
c13182ef MK |
1416 | reverse address lookup services. |
1417 | If RARP is not configured into the | |
fea681da MK |
1418 | kernel, |
1419 | this file will not be present. | |
1420 | .TP | |
1421 | .I /proc/net/raw | |
c13182ef MK |
1422 | Holds a dump of the RAW socket table. |
1423 | Much of the information is not of | |
fea681da | 1424 | use |
c13182ef | 1425 | apart from debugging. |
6c04f928 | 1426 | The "sl" value is the kernel hash slot for the |
fea681da | 1427 | socket, |
6c04f928 MK |
1428 | the "local_address" is the local address and protocol number pair. |
1429 | \&"St" is | |
c13182ef MK |
1430 | the internal status of the socket. |
1431 | The "tx_queue" and "rx_queue" are the | |
fea681da | 1432 | outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel memory usage. |
94e9d9fe | 1433 | The "tr", "tm\->when", and "rexmits" fields are not used by RAW. |
fdc196f5 MK |
1434 | The "uid" |
1435 | field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket. | |
fea681da MK |
1436 | .\" .TP |
1437 | .\" .I /proc/net/route | |
1438 | .\" No information, but looks similar to | |
1439 | .\" .BR route (8). | |
1440 | .TP | |
1441 | .I /proc/net/snmp | |
c13182ef | 1442 | This file holds the ASCII data needed for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP |
fea681da | 1443 | management |
763f0e47 | 1444 | information bases for an SNMP agent. |
fea681da MK |
1445 | .TP |
1446 | .I /proc/net/tcp | |
c13182ef MK |
1447 | Holds a dump of the TCP socket table. |
1448 | Much of the information is not | |
1449 | of use apart from debugging. | |
1450 | The "sl" value is the kernel hash slot | |
6beb1671 MK |
1451 | for the socket, the "local_address" is the local address and port number pair. |
1452 | The "rem_address" is the remote address and port number pair | |
6c04f928 MK |
1453 | (if connected). |
1454 | \&"St" is the internal status of the socket. | |
1455 | The "tx_queue" and "rx_queue" are the | |
fea681da | 1456 | outgoing and incoming data queue in terms of kernel memory usage. |
94e9d9fe | 1457 | The "tr", "tm\->when", and "rexmits" fields hold internal information of |
fdc196f5 MK |
1458 | the kernel socket state and are only useful for debugging. |
1459 | The "uid" | |
1460 | field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket. | |
fea681da MK |
1461 | .TP |
1462 | .I /proc/net/udp | |
c13182ef MK |
1463 | Holds a dump of the UDP socket table. |
1464 | Much of the information is not of | |
1465 | use apart from debugging. | |
1466 | The "sl" value is the kernel hash slot for the | |
6beb1671 MK |
1467 | socket, the "local_address" is the local address and port number pair. |
1468 | The "rem_address" is the remote address and port number pair | |
fea681da MK |
1469 | (if connected). "St" is the internal status of the socket. |
1470 | The "tx_queue" and "rx_queue" are the outgoing and incoming data queue | |
c13182ef | 1471 | in terms of kernel memory usage. |
94e9d9fe | 1472 | The "tr", "tm\->when", and "rexmits" fields |
c13182ef | 1473 | are not used by UDP. |
fdc196f5 MK |
1474 | The "uid" |
1475 | field holds the effective UID of the creator of the socket. | |
fea681da MK |
1476 | The format is: |
1477 | ||
1478 | .nf | |
1479 | .ft CW | |
1480 | .in 1n | |
94e9d9fe | 1481 | sl local_address rem_address st tx_queue rx_queue tr rexmits tm\->when uid |
fea681da MK |
1482 | 1: 01642C89:0201 0C642C89:03FF 01 00000000:00000001 01:000071BA 00000000 0 |
1483 | 1: 00000000:0801 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 6F000100 0 | |
1484 | 1: 00000000:0201 00000000:0000 0A 00000000:00000000 00:00000000 00000000 0 | |
1485 | .in | |
1486 | .ft | |
1487 | .fi | |
1488 | .TP | |
1489 | .I /proc/net/unix | |
8ee190da | 1490 | Lists the Unix domain sockets present within the system and their |
c13182ef MK |
1491 | status. |
1492 | The format is: | |
fea681da MK |
1493 | .nf |
1494 | .sp .5 | |
1495 | .ft CW | |
1496 | Num RefCount Protocol Flags Type St Path | |
1497 | 0: 00000002 00000000 00000000 0001 03 | |
1498 | 1: 00000001 00000000 00010000 0001 01 /dev/printer | |
1499 | .ft | |
1500 | .sp .5 | |
1501 | .fi | |
1502 | ||
6c04f928 MK |
1503 | Here "Num" is the kernel table slot number, "RefCount" is the number |
1504 | of users of the socket, "Protocol" is currently always 0, "Flags" | |
fea681da | 1505 | represent the internal kernel flags holding the status of the |
c13182ef | 1506 | socket. |
6c04f928 MK |
1507 | Currently, type is always "1" (Unix domain datagram sockets are |
1508 | not yet supported in the kernel). | |
1509 | \&"St" is the internal state of the | |
fea681da MK |
1510 | socket and Path is the bound path (if any) of the socket. |
1511 | .TP | |
1512 | .I /proc/partitions | |
1513 | Contains major and minor numbers of each partition as well as number | |
1514 | of blocks and partition name. | |
1515 | .TP | |
1516 | .I /proc/pci | |
1517 | This is a listing of all PCI devices found during kernel initialization | |
1518 | and their configuration. | |
2990d781 | 1519 | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1520 | This file has been deprecated in favor of a new |
1521 | .I /proc | |
2990d781 MK |
1522 | interface for PCI |
1523 | .RI ( /proc/bus/pci ). | |
1524 | It became optional in Linux 2.2 (available with | |
1525 | .B CONFIG_PCI_OLD_PROC | |
1526 | set at kernel compilation). | |
1527 | It became once more non-optionally enabled in Linux 2.4. | |
1528 | Next, it was deprecated in Linux 2.6 (still available with | |
1529 | .B CONFIG_PCI_LEGACY_PROC | |
1530 | set), and finally removed altogether since Linux 2.6.17. | |
b4e9ee8f MK |
1531 | .\" FIXME /proc/sched_debug |
1532 | .\" .TP | |
1533 | .\" .IR /proc/sched_debug " (since Linux 2.6.23)" | |
69119dc7 | 1534 | .\" See also /proc/[pid]/sched |
fea681da MK |
1535 | .TP |
1536 | .I /proc/scsi | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1537 | A directory with the |
1538 | .I scsi | |
1539 | mid-level pseudo-file and various SCSI low-level | |
2990d781 MK |
1540 | driver directories, |
1541 | which contain a file for each SCSI host in this system, all of | |
c13182ef MK |
1542 | which give the status of some part of the SCSI IO subsystem. |
1543 | These files contain ASCII structures and are, therefore, readable with | |
2990d781 | 1544 | .BR cat (1). |
fea681da | 1545 | |
c13182ef | 1546 | You can also write to some of the files to reconfigure the subsystem or |
59a40ed7 | 1547 | switch certain features on or off. |
fea681da MK |
1548 | .TP |
1549 | .I /proc/scsi/scsi | |
c13182ef | 1550 | This is a listing of all SCSI devices known to the kernel. |
59a40ed7 | 1551 | The listing is similar to the one seen during bootup. |
c13182ef | 1552 | scsi currently supports only the \fIadd-single-device\fP command which |
59a40ed7 MK |
1553 | allows root to add a hotplugged device to the list of known devices. |
1554 | ||
1555 | The command | |
1556 | .in +4n | |
1557 | .nf | |
1558 | ||
1559 | echo \(aqscsi add-single-device 1 0 5 0\(aq > /proc/scsi/scsi | |
fea681da | 1560 | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1561 | .fi |
1562 | .in | |
c13182ef MK |
1563 | will cause |
1564 | host scsi1 to scan on SCSI channel 0 for a device on ID 5 LUN 0. | |
1565 | If there | |
fea681da MK |
1566 | is already a device known on this address or the address is invalid, an |
1567 | error will be returned. | |
1568 | .TP | |
1569 | .I /proc/scsi/[drivername] | |
c13182ef MK |
1570 | \fI[drivername]\fP can currently be NCR53c7xx, aha152x, aha1542, aha1740, |
1571 | aic7xxx, buslogic, eata_dma, eata_pio, fdomain, in2000, pas16, qlogic, | |
1572 | scsi_debug, seagate, t128, u15-24f, ultrastore, or wd7000. | |
1573 | These directories show up for all drivers that registered at least one | |
59a40ed7 | 1574 | SCSI HBA. |
c13182ef | 1575 | Every directory contains one file per registered host. |
59a40ed7 | 1576 | Every host-file is named after the number the host was assigned during |
c13182ef | 1577 | initialization. |
fea681da | 1578 | |
c13182ef | 1579 | Reading these files will usually show driver and host configuration, |
59a40ed7 | 1580 | statistics, etc. |
fea681da MK |
1581 | |
1582 | Writing to these files allows different things on different hosts. | |
1583 | For example, with the \fIlatency\fP and \fInolatency\fP commands, | |
1584 | root can switch on and off command latency measurement code in the | |
c13182ef MK |
1585 | eata_dma driver. |
1586 | With the \fIlockup\fP and \fIunlock\fP commands, | |
1587 | root can control bus lockups simulated by the scsi_debug driver. | |
fea681da MK |
1588 | .TP |
1589 | .I /proc/self | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1590 | This directory refers to the process accessing the |
1591 | .I /proc | |
1592 | file system, | |
1593 | and is identical to the | |
1594 | .I /proc | |
1595 | directory named by the process ID of the same process. | |
fea681da MK |
1596 | .TP |
1597 | .I /proc/slabinfo | |
c13182ef | 1598 | Information about kernel caches. |
821643a8 MK |
1599 | Since Linux 2.6.16 this file is only present if the |
1600 | .B CONFIG_SLAB | |
1601 | kernel configuration option is enabled. | |
350038ff | 1602 | The columns in |
38f76cd2 | 1603 | .I /proc/slabinfo |
350038ff | 1604 | are: |
a08ea57c | 1605 | .in +4n |
fea681da | 1606 | .nf |
a08ea57c | 1607 | |
fea681da MK |
1608 | cache-name |
1609 | num-active-objs | |
1610 | total-objs | |
1611 | object-size | |
1612 | num-active-slabs | |
1613 | total-slabs | |
1614 | num-pages-per-slab | |
1615 | .fi | |
a08ea57c MK |
1616 | .in |
1617 | ||
c13182ef | 1618 | See |
fea681da MK |
1619 | .BR slabinfo (5) |
1620 | for details. | |
1621 | .TP | |
1622 | .I /proc/stat | |
c13182ef MK |
1623 | kernel/system statistics. |
1624 | Varies with architecture. | |
1625 | Common | |
fea681da MK |
1626 | entries include: |
1627 | .RS | |
1628 | .TP | |
1629 | \fIcpu 3357 0 4313 1362393\fP | |
bfbfcd18 | 1630 | The amount of time, measured in units of |
268f000b MK |
1631 | USER_HZ (1/100ths of a second on most architectures, use |
1632 | .IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) | |
1633 | to obtain the right value), | |
b81087ab | 1634 | .\" 1024 on Alpha and ia64 |
bfbfcd18 MK |
1635 | that the system spent in user mode, |
1636 | user mode with low priority (nice), system mode, and the | |
1637 | idle task, respectively. | |
b09b8526 | 1638 | .\" FIXME Actually, the following info about the /proc/stat 'cpu' field |
777f5a9e | 1639 | .\" does not seem to be quite right (at least in 2.6.12) |
bfbfcd18 | 1640 | The last value should be USER_HZ times the |
fea681da | 1641 | second entry in the uptime pseudo-file. |
ca92ce95 | 1642 | |
bfbfcd18 MK |
1643 | In Linux 2.6 this line includes three additional columns: |
1644 | .I iowait | |
1645 | \- time waiting for I/O to complete (since 2.5.41); | |
1646 | .I irq | |
1647 | \- time servicing interrupts (since 2.6.0-test4); | |
1648 | .I softirq | |
1649 | \- time servicing softirqs (since 2.6.0-test4). | |
ca92ce95 | 1650 | |
9de1f6cc MK |
1651 | Since Linux 2.6.11, there is an eighth column, |
1652 | .I steal | |
1653 | \- stolen time, which is the time spent in other operating systems when | |
1654 | running in a virtualized environment | |
14c06953 MK |
1655 | |
1656 | Since Linux 2.6.24, there is a ninth column, | |
1657 | .IR guest , | |
1658 | which is the time spent running a virtual CPU for guest | |
afef1764 | 1659 | operating systems under the control of the Linux kernel. |
14c06953 | 1660 | .\" See Changelog entry for 5e84cfde51cf303d368fcb48f22059f37b3872de |
fea681da MK |
1661 | .TP |
1662 | \fIpage 5741 1808\fP | |
1663 | The number of pages the system paged in and the number that were paged | |
1664 | out (from disk). | |
1665 | .TP | |
1666 | \fIswap 1 0\fP | |
1667 | The number of swap pages that have been brought in and out. | |
1668 | .TP | |
c13182ef | 1669 | .\" FIXME The following is not the full picture for the 'intr' of |
777f5a9e | 1670 | .\" /proc/stat on 2.6: |
fea681da | 1671 | \fIintr 1462898\fP |
bfbfcd18 MK |
1672 | This line shows counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, |
1673 | for each of the possible system interrupts. | |
1674 | The first column is the total of all interrupts serviced; | |
1675 | each subsequent column is the total for a particular interrupt. | |
fea681da MK |
1676 | .TP |
1677 | \fIdisk_io: (2,0):(31,30,5764,1,2) (3,0):\fP... | |
1678 | (major,minor):(noinfo, read_io_ops, blks_read, write_io_ops, blks_written) | |
bfbfcd18 MK |
1679 | .br |
1680 | (Linux 2.4 only) | |
fea681da MK |
1681 | .TP |
1682 | \fIctxt 115315\fP | |
1683 | The number of context switches that the system underwent. | |
1684 | .TP | |
1685 | \fIbtime 769041601\fP | |
be9634cf | 1686 | boot time, in seconds since the Epoch (January 1, 1970). |
fea681da MK |
1687 | .TP |
1688 | \fIprocesses 86031\fP | |
1689 | Number of forks since boot. | |
bfbfcd18 MK |
1690 | .TP |
1691 | \fIprocs_running 6\fP | |
1692 | Number of processes in runnable state. | |
1693 | (Linux 2.5.45 onwards.) | |
1694 | .TP | |
1695 | \fIprocs_blocked 2\fP | |
1696 | Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete. | |
1697 | (Linux 2.5.45 onwards.) | |
fea681da MK |
1698 | .RE |
1699 | .TP | |
1700 | .I /proc/swaps | |
c13182ef MK |
1701 | Swap areas in use. |
1702 | See also | |
fea681da MK |
1703 | .BR swapon (8). |
1704 | .TP | |
1705 | .I /proc/sys | |
1706 | This directory (present since 1.3.57) contains a number of files | |
1707 | and subdirectories corresponding to kernel variables. | |
1708 | These variables can be read and sometimes modified using | |
59a40ed7 | 1709 | the \fI/proc\fP file system, and the |
fea681da | 1710 | .BR sysctl (2) |
c13182ef MK |
1711 | system call. |
1712 | Presently, there are subdirectories | |
fea681da MK |
1713 | .IR abi ", " debug ", " dev ", " fs ", " kernel ", " net ", " proc ", " |
1714 | .IR rxrpc ", " sunrpc " and " vm | |
1715 | that each contain more files and subdirectories. | |
1716 | .TP | |
6ab7c0aa | 1717 | .IR /proc/sys/abi " (since Linux 2.4.10)" |
fea681da | 1718 | This directory may contain files with application binary information. |
6ab7c0aa MK |
1719 | .\" On some systems, it is not present. |
1720 | See the kernel source file | |
1721 | .I Documentation/sysctl/abi.txt | |
1722 | for more information. | |
fea681da MK |
1723 | .TP |
1724 | .I /proc/sys/debug | |
1725 | This directory may be empty. | |
1726 | .TP | |
1727 | .I /proc/sys/dev | |
e2badfdf | 1728 | This directory contains device-specific information (e.g., |
9a67332e | 1729 | .IR dev/cdrom/info ). |
fea681da MK |
1730 | On |
1731 | some systems, it may be empty. | |
1732 | .TP | |
1733 | .I /proc/sys/fs | |
6d64ca9c | 1734 | This contains the subdirectories |
b877b392 | 1735 | .IR binfmt_misc ", " inotify ", and " mqueue , |
fea681da | 1736 | and files |
c13182ef MK |
1737 | .IR dentry-state ", " dir-notify-enable ", " dquot-nr ", " file-max ", " |
1738 | .IR file-nr ", " inode-max ", " inode-nr ", " inode-state ", " | |
1739 | .IR lease-break-time ", " leases-enable ", " | |
43da96f2 MK |
1740 | .IR overflowgid ", " overflowuid ", " |
1741 | .IR suid_dumpable ", " | |
1742 | .IR super-max ", and " super-nr . | |
fea681da MK |
1743 | .TP |
1744 | .I /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc | |
c13182ef | 1745 | Documentation for files in this directory can be found |
b877b392 | 1746 | in the kernel sources in |
fea681da MK |
1747 | .IR Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt . |
1748 | .TP | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1749 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state " (since Linux 2.2)" |
1750 | This file contains information about the status of the | |
1751 | directory cache (dcache). | |
1752 | The file contains six numbers, | |
c13182ef | 1753 | .IR nr_dentry ", " nr_unused ", " age_limit " (age in seconds), " |
59a40ed7 | 1754 | .I want_pages |
fea681da | 1755 | (pages requested by system) and two dummy values. |
59a40ed7 MK |
1756 | .RS |
1757 | .IP * 2 | |
1758 | .I nr_dentry | |
1759 | is the number of allocated dentries (dcache entries). | |
1760 | This field is unused in Linux 2.2. | |
1761 | .IP * | |
1762 | .I nr_unused | |
1763 | is the number of unused dentries. | |
1764 | .IP * | |
1765 | .I age_limit | |
1766 | .\" looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6 | |
1767 | is the age in seconds after which dcache entries | |
1768 | can be reclaimed when memory is short. | |
1769 | .IP * | |
1770 | .I want_pages | |
1771 | .\" looks like this is unused in kernels 2.2 to 2.6 | |
1772 | is non-zero when the kernel has called shrink_dcache_pages() and the | |
fea681da | 1773 | dcache isn't pruned yet. |
59a40ed7 | 1774 | .RE |
fea681da MK |
1775 | .TP |
1776 | .I /proc/sys/fs/dir-notify-enable | |
1777 | This file can be used to disable or enable the | |
1778 | .I dnotify | |
1779 | interface described in | |
1780 | .BR fcntl (2) | |
1781 | on a system-wide basis. | |
1782 | A value of 0 in this file disables the interface, | |
1783 | and a value of 1 enables it. | |
1784 | .TP | |
1785 | .I /proc/sys/fs/dquot-max | |
1786 | This file shows the maximum number of cached disk quota entries. | |
1787 | On some (2.4) systems, it is not present. | |
1788 | If the number of free cached disk quota entries is very low and | |
1789 | you have some awesome number of simultaneous system users, | |
1790 | you might want to raise the limit. | |
1791 | .TP | |
1792 | .I /proc/sys/fs/dquot-nr | |
1793 | This file shows the number of allocated disk quota | |
1794 | entries and the number of free disk quota entries. | |
1795 | .TP | |
1796 | .I /proc/sys/fs/file-max | |
1797 | This file defines | |
1798 | a system-wide limit on the number of open files for all processes. | |
1799 | (See also | |
1800 | .BR setrlimit (2), | |
1801 | which can be used by a process to set the per-process limit, | |
1802 | .BR RLIMIT_NOFILE , | |
1803 | on the number of files it may open.) | |
1804 | If you get lots | |
1805 | of error messages about running out of file handles, | |
1806 | try increasing this value: | |
1807 | .br | |
1808 | ||
1809 | .br | |
1810 | .nf | |
1811 | .ft CW | |
1812 | echo 100000 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max | |
1813 | .fi | |
1814 | .ft | |
1815 | ||
1816 | The kernel constant | |
7b2b5ea4 | 1817 | .B NR_OPEN |
fea681da MK |
1818 | imposes an upper limit on the value that may be placed in |
1819 | .IR file-max . | |
1820 | ||
c13182ef | 1821 | If you increase |
fea681da MK |
1822 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/file-max "," |
1823 | be sure to increase | |
1824 | .I /proc/sys/fs/inode-max | |
1825 | to 3-4 times the new | |
c13182ef | 1826 | value of |
fea681da MK |
1827 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/file-max "," |
1828 | or you will run out of inodes. | |
1829 | .TP | |
1830 | .I /proc/sys/fs/file-nr | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1831 | This (read-only) file gives the number of files presently opened. |
1832 | It contains three numbers: the number of allocated file handles; | |
1833 | the number of free file handles; and the maximum number of file handles. | |
c13182ef MK |
1834 | The kernel allocates file handles dynamically, but it |
1835 | doesn't free them again. | |
1836 | If the number of allocated files is close to the | |
fea681da MK |
1837 | maximum, you should consider increasing the maximum. |
1838 | When the number of free file handles is | |
1839 | large, you've encountered a peak in your usage of file | |
1840 | handles and you probably don't need to increase the maximum. | |
1841 | .TP | |
c13182ef | 1842 | .I /proc/sys/fs/inode-max |
fea681da | 1843 | This file contains the maximum number of in-memory inodes. |
59a40ed7 | 1844 | On some (2.4) systems, it may not be present. |
c13182ef | 1845 | This value should be 3-4 times larger |
59a40ed7 MK |
1846 | than the value in |
1847 | .IR file-max , | |
1848 | since \fIstdin\fP, \fIstdout\fP | |
1849 | and network sockets also need an inode to handle them. | |
1850 | When you regularly run out of inodes, you need to increase this value. | |
fea681da MK |
1851 | .TP |
1852 | .I /proc/sys/fs/inode-nr | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1853 | This file contains the first two values from |
1854 | .IR inode-state . | |
fea681da MK |
1855 | .TP |
1856 | .I /proc/sys/fs/inode-state | |
1857 | This file | |
59a40ed7 MK |
1858 | contains seven numbers: |
1859 | .IR nr_inodes , | |
1860 | .IR nr_free_inodes , | |
1861 | .IR preshrink , | |
1862 | and four dummy values. | |
1863 | .I nr_inodes | |
1864 | is the number of inodes the system has allocated. | |
1865 | This can be slightly more than | |
1866 | .I inode-max | |
1867 | because Linux allocates them one page full at a time. | |
1868 | .I nr_free_inodes | |
1869 | represents the number of free inodes. | |
1870 | .I preshrink | |
1871 | is non-zero when the | |
1872 | .I nr_inodes | |
1873 | > | |
1874 | .I inode-max | |
1875 | and the system needs to prune the inode list instead of allocating more. | |
fea681da | 1876 | .TP |
b877b392 | 1877 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/inotify " (since Linux 2.6.13)" |
c13182ef | 1878 | This directory contains files |
b877b392 MK |
1879 | .IR max_queued_events ", " max_user_instances ", and " max_user_watches , |
1880 | that can be used to limit the amount of kernel memory consumed by the | |
1881 | .I inotify | |
1882 | interface. | |
c13182ef | 1883 | For further details, see |
435b27cc | 1884 | .BR inotify (7). |
b877b392 | 1885 | .TP |
fea681da | 1886 | .I /proc/sys/fs/lease-break-time |
59a40ed7 | 1887 | This file specifies the grace period that the kernel grants to a process |
fea681da MK |
1888 | holding a file lease |
1889 | .RB ( fcntl (2)) | |
1890 | after it has sent a signal to that process notifying it | |
1891 | that another process is waiting to open the file. | |
1892 | If the lease holder does not remove or downgrade the lease within | |
1893 | this grace period, the kernel forcibly breaks the lease. | |
1894 | .TP | |
1895 | .I /proc/sys/fs/leases-enable | |
1896 | This file can be used to enable or disable file leases | |
1897 | .RB ( fcntl (2)) | |
1898 | on a system-wide basis. | |
1899 | If this file contains the value 0, leases are disabled. | |
eba72288 | 1900 | A non-zero value enables leases. |
6d64ca9c MK |
1901 | .TP |
1902 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/mqueue " (since Linux 2.6.6)" | |
c13182ef | 1903 | This directory contains files |
6d64ca9c MK |
1904 | .IR msg_max ", " msgsize_max ", and " queues_max , |
1905 | controlling the resources used by POSIX message queues. | |
96018ebe | 1906 | See |
c13182ef | 1907 | .BR mq_overview (7) |
96018ebe | 1908 | for details. |
6d64ca9c MK |
1909 | .TP |
1910 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/overflowgid " and " /proc/sys/fs/overflowuid | |
1911 | These files | |
1912 | allow you to change the value of the fixed UID and GID. | |
1913 | The default is 65534. | |
24d01c53 | 1914 | Some file systems only support 16-bit UIDs and GIDs, although in Linux |
c13182ef | 1915 | UIDs and GIDs are 32 bits. |
24d01c53 | 1916 | When one of these file systems is mounted |
6d64ca9c MK |
1917 | with writes enabled, any UID or GID that would exceed 65535 is translated |
1918 | to the overflow value before being written to disk. | |
1919 | .TP | |
43da96f2 MK |
1920 | .IR /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable " (since Linux 2.6.13)" |
1921 | .\" The following is based on text from Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt | |
c13182ef | 1922 | The value in this file determines whether core dump files are |
f1162930 MK |
1923 | produced for set-user-ID or otherwise protected/tainted binaries. |
1924 | Three different integer values can be specified: | |
43da96f2 MK |
1925 | .sp |
1926 | \fI0\ (default)\fP | |
d9bfdb9c | 1927 | This provides the traditional (pre-Linux 2.6.13) behavior. |
c13182ef | 1928 | A core dump will not be produced for a process which has |
f1162930 | 1929 | changed credentials (by calling |
c13182ef MK |
1930 | .BR seteuid (2), |
1931 | .BR setgid (2), | |
1932 | or similar, or by executing a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program) | |
f1162930 | 1933 | or whose binary does not have read permission enabled. |
43da96f2 | 1934 | .sp |
f1162930 | 1935 | \fI1\ ("debug")\fP |
43da96f2 | 1936 | All processes dump core when possible. |
c13182ef | 1937 | The core dump is owned by the file system user ID of the dumping process |
f1162930 | 1938 | and no security is applied. |
43da96f2 MK |
1939 | This is intended for system debugging situations only. |
1940 | Ptrace is unchecked. | |
1941 | .sp | |
f1162930 | 1942 | \fI2\ ("suidsafe")\fP |
c13182ef MK |
1943 | Any binary which normally would not be dumped (see "0" above) |
1944 | is dumped readable by root only. | |
f1162930 | 1945 | This allows the user to remove the core dump file but not to read it. |
c13182ef | 1946 | For security reasons core dumps in this mode will not overwrite one |
43da96f2 | 1947 | another or other files. |
b877b392 | 1948 | This mode is appropriate when administrators are |
43da96f2 | 1949 | attempting to debug problems in a normal environment. |
fea681da | 1950 | .TP |
c13182ef MK |
1951 | .I /proc/sys/fs/super-max |
1952 | This file | |
fea681da | 1953 | controls the maximum number of superblocks, and |
24d01c53 | 1954 | thus the maximum number of mounted file systems the kernel |
c13182ef | 1955 | can have. |
59a40ed7 MK |
1956 | You only need to increase |
1957 | .I super-max | |
1958 | if you need to mount more file systems than the current value in | |
1959 | .I super-max | |
fea681da MK |
1960 | allows you to. |
1961 | .TP | |
1962 | .I /proc/sys/fs/super-nr | |
c13182ef | 1963 | This file |
24d01c53 | 1964 | contains the number of file systems currently mounted. |
fea681da MK |
1965 | .TP |
1966 | .I /proc/sys/kernel | |
417fceb7 | 1967 | This directory contains files controlling a range of kernel parameters, |