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fea681da MK |
1 | '\" t |
2 | .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) | |
fea681da | 3 | .\" |
1dd72f9c | 4 | .\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL) |
fea681da MK |
5 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
6 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
7 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
8 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
9 | .\" | |
10 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" | |
11 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
12 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
13 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
14 | .\" | |
15 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
16 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
17 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
18 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
19 | .\" | |
20 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | |
c715f741 MK |
21 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, see |
22 | .\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
6a8d8745 | 23 | .\" %%%LICENSE_END |
fea681da | 24 | .\" |
5ef5222a | 25 | .\" Created 1993-04-02 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) |
fea681da MK |
26 | .\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) |
27 | .\" Modified 1994-05-15 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) | |
28 | .\" Modified 1994-11-22 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) | |
29 | .\" Modified 1995-07-11 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com) | |
30 | .\" Modified 1996-12-18 by Michael Haardt and aeb | |
31 | .\" Modified 1999-05-31 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpo@club-internet.fr) | |
32 | .\" Modified 1999-08-08 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) | |
33 | .\" Modified 2004-04-01 by aeb | |
34 | .\" | |
b8efb414 | 35 | .TH ASCII 7 2016-10-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
fea681da | 36 | .SH NAME |
5ef5222a MM |
37 | ascii \- ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, |
38 | and hexadecimal | |
fea681da MK |
39 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
40 | ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. | |
c13182ef | 41 | It is a 7-bit code. |
f854adde | 42 | Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO 8859-1) contain ASCII as their lower half. |
5ef5222a | 43 | The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646-IRV. |
fea681da MK |
44 | .LP |
45 | The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters. | |
46 | .LP | |
31a6818e | 47 | C program \f(CW\(aq\eX\(aq\fP escapes are noted. |
fea681da | 48 | .if t \{\ |
fea681da MK |
49 | .ft CW |
50 | \} | |
2a69e817 | 51 | .nf |
fea681da | 52 | .TS |
2ce70b17 MK |
53 | l l l l l l l l. |
54 | Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char | |
fea681da | 55 | _ |
5ef5222a | 56 | 000 0 00 NUL \(aq\e0\(aq (null character) 100 64 40 @ |
2ce70b17 MK |
57 | 001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A |
58 | 002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B | |
59 | 003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C | |
60 | 004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D | |
61 | 005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E | |
62 | 006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F | |
31a6818e MK |
63 | 007 7 07 BEL \(aq\ea\(aq (bell) 107 71 47 G |
64 | 010 8 08 BS \(aq\eb\(aq (backspace) 110 72 48 H | |
65 | 011 9 09 HT \(aq\et\(aq (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I | |
66 | 012 10 0A LF \(aq\en\(aq (new line) 112 74 4A J | |
67 | 013 11 0B VT \(aq\ev\(aq (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K | |
68 | 014 12 0C FF \(aq\ef\(aq (form feed) 114 76 4C L | |
69 | 015 13 0D CR \(aq\er\(aq (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M | |
2ce70b17 MK |
70 | 016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N |
71 | 017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O | |
72 | 020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P | |
73 | 021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q | |
74 | 022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R | |
75 | 023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S | |
76 | 024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T | |
77 | 025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U | |
78 | 026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V | |
79 | 027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W | |
80 | 030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X | |
81 | 031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y | |
82 | 032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z | |
83 | 033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [ | |
31a6818e | 84 | 034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \e \(aq\e\e\(aq |
2ce70b17 MK |
85 | 035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ] |
86 | 036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^ | |
87 | 037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F \&_ | |
88 | 040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 \` | |
89 | 041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a | |
90 | 042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b | |
91 | 043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c | |
92 | 044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d | |
93 | 045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e | |
94 | 046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f | |
add6b9f6 | 95 | 047 39 27 \(aq 147 103 67 g |
2ce70b17 MK |
96 | 050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h |
97 | 051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i | |
98 | 052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j | |
99 | 053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k | |
100 | 054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l | |
101 | 055 45 2D \- 155 109 6D m | |
102 | 056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n | |
103 | 057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o | |
104 | 060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p | |
105 | 061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q | |
106 | 062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r | |
107 | 063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s | |
108 | 064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t | |
109 | 065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u | |
110 | 066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v | |
111 | 067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w | |
112 | 070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x | |
113 | 071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y | |
114 | 072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z | |
115 | 073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B { | |
116 | 074 60 3C < 174 124 7C | | |
117 | 075 61 3D = 175 125 7D } | |
118 | 076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~ | |
119 | 077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL | |
fea681da | 120 | .TE |
2a69e817 | 121 | .fi |
fea681da MK |
122 | .if t \{\ |
123 | .in | |
124 | .ft P | |
125 | \} | |
c0f153c6 | 126 | .SS Tables |
5ef5222a | 127 | For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal. |
c0f153c6 MK |
128 | .sp |
129 | .nf | |
e69aa6c8 KK |
130 | .if t \{\ |
131 | .in 1i | |
132 | .ft CW | |
133 | \} | |
c0f153c6 MK |
134 | 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 |
135 | ------------- --------------------------------- | |
185ec3e4 | 136 | 0: 0 @ P \` p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x |
c0f153c6 | 137 | 1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y |
31a6818e | 138 | 2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \e f p z |
c0f153c6 MK |
139 | 3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q { |
140 | 4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r | | |
141 | 5: % 5 E U e u 5: # \- 7 A K U _ i s } | |
185ec3e4 | 142 | 6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V \` j t ~ |
4fe88caf | 143 | 7: \(aq 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL |
c0f153c6 | 144 | 8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v |
4fe88caf | 145 | 9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: \(aq 1 ; E O Y c m w |
c0f153c6 MK |
146 | A: * : J Z j z |
147 | B: + ; K [ k { | |
31a6818e | 148 | C: , < L \e l | |
c0f153c6 MK |
149 | D: \- = M ] m } |
150 | E: . > N ^ n ~ | |
151 | F: / ? O _ o DEL | |
e69aa6c8 KK |
152 | .if t \{\ |
153 | .in | |
154 | .ft P | |
155 | \} | |
c0f153c6 | 156 | .fi |
889829be MK |
157 | .SH NOTES |
158 | .SS History | |
fea681da MK |
159 | An |
160 | .B ascii | |
161 | manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX. | |
162 | .LP | |
163 | On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow, | |
164 | called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical | |
165 | bar has a hole in the middle. | |
166 | .LP | |
167 | Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the | |
168 | ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too. | |
169 | That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a | |
170 | non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found | |
171 | on old teletypes. | |
172 | .LP | |
173 | The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America | |
174 | Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968. | |
175 | .\" | |
176 | .\" ASA was the American Standards Association and X3 was an ASA sectional | |
177 | .\" committee on computers and data processing. Its name changed to | |
178 | .\" American National Standards Committee X3 (ANSC-X3) and now it is known | |
179 | .\" as Accredited Standards Committee X3 (ASC X3). It is accredited by ANSI | |
180 | .\" and administered by ITI. The subcommittee X3.2 worked on coded | |
181 | .\" character sets; the task group working on ASCII appears to have been | |
182 | .\" designated X3.2.4. In 1966, ASA became the United States of America | |
183 | .\" Standards Institute (USASI) and published ASCII in 1968. It became the | |
184 | .\" American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1969 and is the | |
24b74457 | 185 | .\" U.S. member body of ISO; private and nonprofit. |
fea681da | 186 | .\" |
47297adb | 187 | .SH SEE ALSO |
5ef5222a | 188 | .BR charsets (7), |
e37e3282 | 189 | .BR iso_8859-1 (7), |
9e781349 | 190 | .BR iso_8859-10 (7), |
5ef5222a | 191 | .BR iso_8859-11 (7), |
9e781349 MK |
192 | .BR iso_8859-13 (7), |
193 | .BR iso_8859-14 (7), | |
e37e3282 MK |
194 | .BR iso_8859-15 (7), |
195 | .BR iso_8859-16 (7), | |
196 | .BR iso_8859-2 (7), | |
9e781349 | 197 | .BR iso_8859-3 (7), |
a738dbe3 | 198 | .BR iso_8859-4 (7), |
9e781349 | 199 | .BR iso_8859-5 (7), |
a738dbe3 | 200 | .BR iso_8859-6 (7), |
e37e3282 | 201 | .BR iso_8859-7 (7), |
9e781349 | 202 | .BR iso_8859-8 (7), |
4d04d4f0 MK |
203 | .BR iso_8859-9 (7), |
204 | .BR utf-8 (7) |