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53751fd5 | 1 | # <pre> |
a468a1d4 UD |
2 | # @(#)europe 8.21 |
3 | # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of | |
4 | # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. | |
28f540f4 RM |
5 | |
6 | # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, | |
7 | # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to | |
8 | # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). | |
9 | ||
11bf311e | 10 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
28f540f4 | 11 | # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
11bf311e UD |
12 | # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
13 | # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). | |
8a523922 | 14 | # |
1f5649f8 | 15 | # Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
8a523922 UD |
16 | # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
17 | # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), | |
18 | # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries | |
19 | # of the IATA's data after 1990. | |
20 | # | |
11bf311e UD |
21 | # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for |
22 | # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. | |
28f540f4 | 23 | # |
b21c5832 AS |
24 | # Other sources occasionally used include: |
25 | # | |
26 | # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, | |
27 | # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), | |
28 | # which I found in the UCLA library. | |
29 | # | |
921a93b9 UD |
30 | # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> |
31 | # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition | |
32 | # </a> (1914-03) | |
33 | # | |
b21c5832 AS |
34 | # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), |
35 | # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> | |
36 | # History of Summer Time | |
37 | # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) | |
38 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
39 | # |
40 | # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; | |
41 | # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. | |
569c558c | 42 | # Corrections are welcome! |
c6289757 UD |
43 | # std dst 2dst |
44 | # LMT Local Mean Time | |
45 | # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic | |
46 | # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* | |
47 | # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* | |
48 | # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer | |
49 | # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer | |
50 | # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe | |
51 | # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* | |
52 | # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* | |
53 | # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe | |
54 | # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* | |
55 | # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe | |
56 | # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow | |
569c558c | 57 | # |
28f540f4 | 58 | # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, |
38c097ca | 59 | # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
28f540f4 | 60 | |
6c49b464 | 61 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), |
72d8cdf0 | 62 | # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, |
28f540f4 RM |
63 | # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. |
64 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. | |
65 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. | |
66 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. | |
67 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for | |
68 | # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% | |
69 | # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous | |
70 | # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. | |
71 | # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) | |
72 | # ... | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
73 | # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. |
74 | # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. | |
28f540f4 RM |
75 | # ... |
76 | # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. | |
77 | # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact | |
78 | # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the | |
79 | # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed | |
80 | # in the Directive. | |
81 | ||
569c558c | 82 | |
28f540f4 RM |
83 | ############################################################################### |
84 | ||
ae828bc6 | 85 | # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) |
28f540f4 | 86 | |
6c49b464 | 87 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
88 | # |
89 | # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about | |
90 | # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo | |
91 | # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph | |
92 | # of the text said: | |
93 | # | |
94 | # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands | |
6bc31da0 | 95 | # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude |
28f540f4 RM |
96 | # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed |
97 | # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They | |
98 | # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, | |
99 | # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking | |
100 | # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' | |
101 | # | |
102 | # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's | |
6bc31da0 | 103 | # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should |
28f540f4 RM |
104 | # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. |
105 | # | |
106 | # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] | |
107 | ||
6c49b464 | 108 | # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): |
28f540f4 RM |
109 | # |
110 | # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. | |
111 | # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, | |
112 | # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. | |
38c097ca UD |
113 | # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) |
114 | # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). | |
28f540f4 RM |
115 | # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway |
116 | # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most | |
38c097ca | 117 | # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the |
28f540f4 | 118 | # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be |
38c097ca UD |
119 | # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. |
120 | # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, | |
121 | # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many | |
28f540f4 | 122 | # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public |
38c097ca UD |
123 | # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock |
124 | # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, | |
28f540f4 RM |
125 | # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal |
126 | # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading | |
127 | # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. | |
128 | # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition | |
38c097ca | 129 | # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. |
28f540f4 RM |
130 | # |
131 | # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single | |
38c097ca UD |
132 | # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much |
133 | # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. | |
28f540f4 | 134 | |
d1091a21 | 135 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): |
ffee1316 | 136 | # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), |
b21c5832 | 137 | # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
38c097ca | 138 | # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) |
ffee1316 RM |
139 | # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, |
140 | # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. | |
141 | # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, | |
142 | # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. | |
921a93b9 UD |
143 | # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and |
144 | # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. | |
145 | # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). | |
146 | # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in | |
d1091a21 | 147 | # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular |
921a93b9 UD |
148 | # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, |
149 | # designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, | |
150 | # which is permanently set to Summer Time. | |
151 | ||
152 | # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): | |
153 | # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of | |
154 | # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country | |
155 | # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which | |
156 | # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the | |
157 | # foundations of civilization throughout the world. | |
158 | # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> | |
159 | # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly | |
160 | # </a> | |
ffee1316 | 161 | |
569c558c UD |
162 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): |
163 | # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' | |
164 | # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this | |
165 | # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the | |
166 | # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. | |
167 | ||
b5791037 | 168 | # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): |
28f540f4 RM |
169 | # |
170 | # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's | |
171 | # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. | |
172 | ||
173 | # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) | |
6c49b464 | 174 | # From: Jonathan Leffler |
28f540f4 RM |
175 | # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. |
176 | # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in | |
177 | # politics making a fortune, not computing. | |
178 | ||
6c49b464 | 179 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): |
569c558c UD |
180 | # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the |
181 | # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published | |
182 | # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and | |
183 | # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." | |
184 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
185 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): |
186 | # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the | |
187 | # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) | |
188 | # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). | |
189 | ||
3d73829c | 190 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): |
a133e4fa UD |
191 | # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
192 | # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any | |
193 | # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't | |
194 | # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British | |
195 | # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. | |
3d73829c | 196 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
a133e4fa | 197 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
a133e4fa UD |
198 | |
199 | # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): | |
200 | # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time | |
201 | # which is to be introduced in May.... | |
202 | # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" | |
203 | # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. | |
204 | ||
205 | # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): | |
206 | # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common | |
207 | # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, | |
208 | # so we use `BDST'. | |
38c097ca | 209 | |
6c49b464 | 210 | # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
bfaf0bbb | 211 | # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
6c49b464 | 212 | # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
bfaf0bbb UD |
213 | # and extending this list, which can be found in |
214 | # <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> | |
215 | # History of legal time in Britain | |
b45b9457 | 216 | # </a> |
a7123f0e | 217 | |
6c49b464 | 218 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
74015205 UD |
219 | # |
220 | # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; | |
221 | # see Lord Tanlaw's speech | |
222 | # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> | |
223 | # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) | |
224 | # </a>. | |
28f540f4 | 225 | |
11bf311e | 226 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
28f540f4 | 227 | # |
11bf311e | 228 | # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. |
28f540f4 | 229 | # |
11bf311e UD |
230 | # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger |
231 | # are incorrect: | |
26b4d766 | 232 | # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until |
28f540f4 RM |
233 | # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. |
234 | # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. | |
235 | # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. | |
236 | # It actually just had one transition. | |
26b4d766 | 237 | # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. |
28f540f4 | 238 | # Actually, it conformed to Britain. |
ffee1316 RM |
239 | # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. |
240 | # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. | |
241 | # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). | |
28f540f4 | 242 | # |
11bf311e | 243 | # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: |
28f540f4 | 244 | # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT |
26b4d766 | 245 | # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to |
28f540f4 | 246 | # conform with Great Britain. |
a7123f0e UD |
247 | # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. |
248 | # | |
11bf311e | 249 | # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; |
a7123f0e | 250 | # we'll ignore it for now. |
ffee1316 RM |
251 | # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. |
252 | # | |
28f540f4 | 253 | # |
11bf311e UD |
254 | # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than |
255 | # Shanks & Pottenger. | |
1f5649f8 UD |
256 | # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory |
257 | # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was | |
258 | # to London. For example: | |
259 | # | |
260 | # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." | |
261 | # -- James Joyce, Ulysses | |
28f540f4 | 262 | |
7a50b1f6 | 263 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
0479e581 | 264 | # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include |
7a50b1f6 | 265 | # various relating to legal time, for example: |
0479e581 | 266 | # |
7a50b1f6 | 267 | # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html |
0479e581 | 268 | # |
7a50b1f6 UD |
269 | # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html |
270 | # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html | |
0479e581 | 271 | # |
7a50b1f6 UD |
272 | # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html |
273 | # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html | |
274 | # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html | |
0479e581 | 275 | # |
7a50b1f6 UD |
276 | # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html |
277 | # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html | |
278 | # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html | |
279 | # | |
280 | # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is | |
281 | # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] | |
0479e581 JJ |
282 | # |
283 | # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these | |
284 | # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover | |
7a50b1f6 | 285 | # the laws applicable in Ireland.) |
0479e581 JJ |
286 | # |
287 | # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined | |
288 | # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it | |
289 | # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time | |
7a50b1f6 UD |
290 | # being GMT+1.) |
291 | ||
b81ee757 UD |
292 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): |
293 | # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) | |
38c097ca UD |
294 | # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time |
295 | # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. | |
b81ee757 | 296 | # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that |
38c097ca | 297 | # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) |
b81ee757 UD |
298 | # and Frethun run in CT. |
299 | # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, | |
300 | # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, | |
301 | # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. | |
302 | # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, | |
303 | # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. | |
38c097ca | 304 | # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. |
b81ee757 | 305 | |
ffee1316 RM |
306 | # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): |
307 | # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, | |
308 | # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. | |
309 | # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate | |
310 | # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of | |
311 | # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is | |
312 | # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". | |
313 | ||
28f540f4 | 314 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
74015205 | 315 | # Summer Time Act, 1916 |
28f540f4 RM |
316 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
317 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 318 | # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 |
28f540f4 RM |
319 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST |
320 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 321 | # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 |
28f540f4 RM |
322 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST |
323 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 324 | # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 |
28f540f4 RM |
325 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST |
326 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 327 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 |
28f540f4 | 328 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 329 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 |
28f540f4 | 330 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 331 | # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 |
28f540f4 RM |
332 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
333 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 334 | # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 |
28f540f4 RM |
335 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST |
336 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT | |
bfaf0bbb | 337 | # The Summer Time Act, 1922 |
28f540f4 RM |
338 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
339 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 340 | Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 341 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 342 | # The Summer Time Act, 1925 |
28f540f4 | 343 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 344 | Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 345 | Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 346 | Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 347 | Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 348 | Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 349 | Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 350 | Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 351 | Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 352 | Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 353 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
354 | # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 |
355 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT | |
356 | # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 | |
f962d792 | 357 | Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 358 | # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 |
569c558c | 359 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
28f540f4 | 360 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 361 | # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 |
569c558c | 362 | Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
74015205 | 363 | # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 |
28f540f4 | 364 | Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 365 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 |
f962d792 UD |
366 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
367 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST | |
74015205 | 368 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 |
74015205 UD |
369 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
370 | Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
371 | # The Summer Time Act, 1947 | |
28f540f4 | 372 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
569c558c | 373 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
28f540f4 RM |
374 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST |
375 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 376 | # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) |
28f540f4 | 377 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
f962d792 | 378 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 379 | # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) |
28f540f4 | 380 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
f962d792 | 381 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
382 | # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) |
383 | # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) | |
384 | # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) | |
385 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
28f540f4 | 386 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
387 | # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 |
388 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
389 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT | |
390 | Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
28f540f4 | 391 | Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 392 | Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 393 | Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
394 | Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
395 | # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) | |
396 | # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) | |
397 | # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) | |
28f540f4 | 398 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
399 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
400 | # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) | |
401 | # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) | |
402 | # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) | |
28f540f4 | 403 | Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 404 | # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) |
ffee1316 | 405 | Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
406 | # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 |
407 | # (no summer time) | |
408 | # The Summer Time Act, 1972 | |
28f540f4 | 409 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 410 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
411 | # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) |
412 | # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) | |
413 | # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) | |
414 | # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) | |
3d61b63c | 415 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST |
6c2f0507 | 416 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
417 | # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) |
418 | # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) | |
419 | # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) | |
6c2f0507 | 420 | Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT |
74015205 | 421 | # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) |
dfe1754a | 422 | # See EU for rules starting in 1996. |
28f540f4 RM |
423 | |
424 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
11bf311e | 425 | Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s |
ffee1316 RM |
426 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 |
427 | 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u | |
6c2f0507 | 428 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 |
dfe1754a | 429 | 0:00 EU GMT/BST |
11bf311e UD |
430 | Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey |
431 | Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey | |
432 | Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man | |
1f5649f8 UD |
433 | Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
434 | -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 | |
74015205 | 435 | -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
569c558c | 436 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
ffee1316 RM |
437 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 |
438 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 | |
28f540f4 | 439 | 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 |
ffee1316 | 440 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 |
28f540f4 | 441 | 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
ffee1316 RM |
442 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
443 | 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u | |
444 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 | |
445 | 0:00 EU GMT/IST | |
28f540f4 RM |
446 | |
447 | ############################################################################### | |
448 | ||
d10737e4 | 449 | # Europe |
28f540f4 | 450 | |
dfe1754a RM |
451 | # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, |
452 | # Common Market, etc. | |
28f540f4 RM |
453 | |
454 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 455 | Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S |
dfe1754a RM |
456 | Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
457 | Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - | |
458 | Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - | |
569c558c | 459 | Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 460 | Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
99ee5970 | 461 | # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: |
97898201 | 462 | # <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"> |
99ee5970 UD |
463 | # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council |
464 | # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. | |
465 | # </a> | |
dfe1754a RM |
466 | |
467 | # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. | |
569c558c | 468 | Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
469 | Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
470 | Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - | |
471 | Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 472 | Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 473 | Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 | 474 | |
569c558c UD |
475 | # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. |
476 | # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. | |
477 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S | |
478 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - | |
479 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S | |
480 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
481 | Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c UD |
482 | Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - |
483 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S | |
484 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - | |
97898201 | 485 | Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 486 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 487 | Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - |
97898201 UD |
488 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): |
489 | # | |
490 | # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s | |
491 | # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was | |
492 | # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the | |
493 | # tz database itself, as seen below: | |
494 | # | |
495 | # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 | |
496 | # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 | |
497 | # | |
498 | # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 | |
499 | # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 | |
500 | # | |
501 | # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 | |
502 | # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s | |
503 | # | |
504 | # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - | |
505 | # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
506 | # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
507 | # | |
508 | # The rule line to be changed is: | |
509 | # | |
510 | # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - | |
511 | # | |
512 | # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on | |
513 | # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no | |
514 | # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items | |
515 | # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms | |
516 | # CET and MET: | |
517 | # | |
518 | # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT | |
519 | # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT | |
520 | # | |
521 | # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: | |
522 | # | |
523 | # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
524 | # | |
525 | # A small step for mankind though 8-) | |
526 | Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
527 | Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
528 | Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
529 | Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - | |
530 | Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
531 | Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
532 | Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 533 | |
8a523922 UD |
534 | # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. |
535 | Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S | |
536 | Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
537 | Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
538 | Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
539 | Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S | |
540 | Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
541 | ||
28f540f4 | 542 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c UD |
543 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time |
544 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time | |
545 | Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time | |
e48492ae | 546 | Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST |
569c558c UD |
547 | Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST |
548 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S | |
549 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - | |
550 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 551 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c UD |
552 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S |
553 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2b79b6d5 | 554 | # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): |
569c558c UD |
555 | Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
556 | Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2b79b6d5 UD |
557 | # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in |
558 | # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): | |
8a523922 UD |
559 | Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
560 | Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
2b79b6d5 | 561 | # |
8a523922 UD |
562 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S |
563 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - | |
564 | Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
565 | Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
566 | Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
567 | |
568 | # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. | |
569 | ||
570 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
569c558c UD |
571 | Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT |
572 | Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT | |
573 | Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT | |
574 | Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 575 | |
569c558c UD |
576 | # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST |
577 | # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. | |
578 | ||
6c49b464 | 579 | # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): |
569c558c UD |
580 | # The official German names ... are |
581 | # | |
582 | # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 | |
583 | # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 | |
584 | # | |
585 | # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), | |
586 | # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... | |
587 | # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution | |
588 | # | |
589 | # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) | |
590 | # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" | |
591 | # Postfach 3345 | |
592 | # D-38023 Braunschweig | |
593 | # phone: +49 531 592-0 | |
594 | # | |
595 | # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB | |
596 | # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the | |
597 | # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as | |
598 | # | |
599 | # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 | |
600 | # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 | |
28f540f4 | 601 | |
28f540f4 RM |
602 | |
603 | # Albania | |
604 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 605 | Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 606 | Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 607 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 608 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 609 | Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 610 | Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 611 | Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 612 | Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 613 | Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 614 | Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 615 | Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 616 | Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 617 | Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 618 | Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 619 | Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 620 | Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 621 | Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 622 | Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 623 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 624 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 625 | Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 626 | Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 627 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 628 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 629 | Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
630 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
631 | Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 | |
569c558c | 632 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 |
907a1bac | 633 | 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul |
8a523922 | 634 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
635 | |
636 | # Andorra | |
637 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
638 | Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 | |
639 | 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 | |
569c558c UD |
640 | 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 |
641 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
642 | |
643 | # Austria | |
c6289757 | 644 | |
11bf311e | 645 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and |
c6289757 UD |
646 | # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and |
647 | # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" | |
648 | # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition | |
11bf311e UD |
649 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, |
650 | # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. | |
c6289757 | 651 | |
28f540f4 | 652 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 653 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 654 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 655 | Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 656 | Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
657 | Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
658 | Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
c6289757 UD |
659 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S |
660 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
661 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
662 | Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr | |
c6289757 UD |
663 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 |
664 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s | |
665 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s | |
666 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s | |
667 | 1:00 - CET 1946 | |
569c558c UD |
668 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 |
669 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
670 | |
671 | # Belarus | |
672 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
673 | Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 | |
2b79b6d5 | 674 | 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time |
28f540f4 | 675 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
2b79b6d5 UD |
676 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 |
677 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 | |
2864e767 UD |
678 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
679 | 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
569c558c | 680 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2864e767 UD |
681 | 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s |
682 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s | |
8a523922 | 683 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
684 | |
685 | # Belgium | |
907a1bac UD |
686 | # |
687 | # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): | |
688 | # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: | |
689 | # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, | |
690 | # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 | |
691 | # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), | |
692 | # pp 8-9. | |
693 | # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: | |
694 | # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. | |
6c49b464 | 695 | # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. |
907a1bac UD |
696 | # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. |
697 | # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. | |
328c5f65 | 698 | # |
28f540f4 | 699 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
907a1bac UD |
700 | Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S |
701 | Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 702 | Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
907a1bac | 703 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 704 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
907a1bac | 705 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 706 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 707 | Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
907a1bac | 708 | Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
709 | Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S |
710 | Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
711 | Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S | |
b21c5832 AS |
712 | # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd |
713 | # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), | |
714 | # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 | |
715 | # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. | |
569c558c UD |
716 | Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
717 | Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
718 | Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
907a1bac | 719 | Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 720 | Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
721 | Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S |
722 | Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S | |
907a1bac | 723 | Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
724 | Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S |
725 | Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S | |
726 | Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S | |
727 | Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c | 728 | Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
729 | Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S |
730 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 731 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - |
907a1bac UD |
732 | Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
733 | Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 734 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 735 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 736 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
737 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
738 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
907a1bac UD |
739 | Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 |
740 | 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT | |
741 | 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 | |
742 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 | |
743 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u | |
744 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s | |
745 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 | |
569c558c UD |
746 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
747 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
748 | |
749 | # Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
11bf311e | 750 | # see Serbia |
28f540f4 RM |
751 | |
752 | # Bulgaria | |
a7123f0e | 753 | # |
6c49b464 | 754 | # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
a7123f0e UD |
755 | # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: |
756 | # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... | |
757 | # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October | |
758 | # | |
28f540f4 | 759 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 760 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 761 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
11bf311e | 762 | Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
763 | Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - |
764 | Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - | |
765 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
766 | Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c | 767 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? |
28f540f4 | 768 | 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 |
97898201 UD |
769 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
770 | 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 | |
28f540f4 | 771 | 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 |
569c558c | 772 | 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 |
8a523922 | 773 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
a7123f0e UD |
774 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
775 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
776 | |
777 | # Croatia | |
11bf311e | 778 | # see Serbia |
28f540f4 | 779 | |
d1091a21 | 780 | # Cyprus |
792dcd77 | 781 | # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. |
d1091a21 | 782 | |
28f540f4 RM |
783 | # Czech Republic |
784 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 785 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 786 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 787 | Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 788 | Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
789 | Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S |
790 | Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
791 | Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
792 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
793 | Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 | |
569c558c UD |
794 | 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time |
795 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s | |
796 | 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 | |
797 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 798 | |
0479e581 | 799 | # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland |
e946ea2f UD |
800 | |
801 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): | |
802 | # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law | |
803 | # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... | |
804 | # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL | |
805 | # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. | |
806 | # | |
807 | # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: | |
808 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL | |
809 | # | |
810 | # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes | |
811 | # in subsequenet decrees with the law | |
812 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL | |
813 | # | |
814 | # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have | |
815 | # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST | |
816 | # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to | |
817 | # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from | |
818 | # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know | |
819 | # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only | |
820 | # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: | |
821 | # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning | |
822 | # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which | |
823 | # was suspended on that night): | |
824 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL | |
825 | ||
826 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): | |
827 | # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between | |
828 | # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. | |
829 | ||
830 | # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): | |
831 | # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not | |
832 | # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. | |
833 | ||
28f540f4 | 834 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 835 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 836 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
837 | Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
838 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 839 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 840 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 841 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 842 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 843 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 844 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 845 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 | 846 | # |
28f540f4 RM |
847 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
848 | Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 | |
e946ea2f | 849 | 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT |
569c558c UD |
850 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
851 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 | |
852 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 | |
853 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
0479e581 | 854 | Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn |
6c2f0507 | 855 | 0:00 - WET 1981 |
569c558c | 856 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
8a523922 | 857 | # |
792dcd77 UD |
858 | # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): |
859 | # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in | |
860 | # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. | |
861 | # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. | |
862 | # | |
11bf311e | 863 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
8a523922 UD |
864 | # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, |
865 | # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU | |
11bf311e | 866 | # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab |
8a523922 UD |
867 | # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU |
868 | # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. | |
869 | ||
1f5649f8 UD |
870 | # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing |
871 | # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), | |
872 | # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: | |
873 | # | |
874 | # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC | |
875 | # is according to the following time line: | |
876 | # | |
877 | # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 | |
878 | # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 | |
879 | # Scoresbysund UTC-1 | |
880 | # Danmarkshavn UTC | |
881 | # | |
882 | # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be | |
883 | # introduced. | |
884 | ||
b45b9457 | 885 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): |
c6289757 | 886 | # |
b45b9457 UD |
887 | # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at |
888 | # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have | |
889 | # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have | |
890 | # info from earlier correspondence.] | |
891 | # | |
892 | # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule | |
893 | # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight | |
894 | # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... | |
895 | # | |
896 | # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund | |
897 | # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. | |
898 | # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the | |
899 | # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th | |
900 | # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in | |
901 | # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the | |
902 | # DPC research station at Zackenberg. | |
903 | # | |
904 | # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use | |
905 | # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). | |
906 | # | |
907 | # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it | |
908 | # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time | |
909 | # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. | |
910 | # | |
911 | # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and | |
912 | # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators | |
913 | # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of | |
914 | # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be | |
915 | # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. | |
916 | ||
917 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): | |
918 | # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place | |
919 | # there at 2:00 AM. | |
920 | ||
11bf311e UD |
921 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
922 | # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; | |
923 | # the 1995 map as like Godthab. | |
1f5649f8 | 924 | # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. |
b45b9457 | 925 | # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, |
11bf311e UD |
926 | # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. |
927 | # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. | |
8a523922 UD |
928 | # |
929 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
b45b9457 UD |
930 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
931 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S | |
11bf311e UD |
932 | Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
933 | Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S | |
934 | Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D | |
935 | Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S | |
8a523922 UD |
936 | # |
937 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1f5649f8 UD |
938 | Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 |
939 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 | |
940 | -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 | |
941 | 0:00 - GMT | |
11bf311e | 942 | Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit |
569c558c UD |
943 | -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
944 | -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 | |
8a523922 UD |
945 | -1:00 EU EG%sT |
946 | Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk | |
28f540f4 | 947 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
8a523922 | 948 | -3:00 EU WG%sT |
a133e4fa | 949 | Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base |
8a523922 | 950 | -4:00 Thule A%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
951 | |
952 | # Estonia | |
6c49b464 | 953 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): |
28f540f4 RM |
954 | # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards |
955 | # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, | |
956 | # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... | |
8a523922 | 957 | # |
6c49b464 | 958 | # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): |
8a523922 UD |
959 | # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, |
960 | # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] | |
961 | # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different | |
962 | # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules | |
963 | # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... | |
964 | # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on | |
965 | # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to | |
966 | # summer time next spring.'' | |
b21c5832 | 967 | |
6c49b464 | 968 | # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: |
b21c5832 AS |
969 | # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> |
970 | # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law | |
971 | # </a> | |
972 | # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between | |
973 | # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). | |
974 | # | |
975 | # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation | |
976 | # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" | |
977 | # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). | |
978 | ||
b5c6276a UD |
979 | # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) |
980 | # via Steffen Thorsen: | |
981 | # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, | |
982 | # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... | |
983 | # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European | |
984 | # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory | |
985 | # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do | |
328c5f65 | 986 | # after that. |
b5c6276a | 987 | |
bfaf0bbb UD |
988 | # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): |
989 | # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation | |
990 | # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all | |
991 | # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. | |
992 | ||
3fc2f6c8 UD |
993 | # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): |
994 | # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. | |
995 | # Now we are using again EU rules. | |
996 | # | |
997 | # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): | |
998 | # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. | |
999 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1000 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1001 | Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1002 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time |
1003 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul | |
1004 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May | |
28f540f4 | 1005 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 |
8a523922 | 1006 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 |
569c558c | 1007 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 |
8a523922 | 1008 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s |
569c558c | 1009 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
b21c5832 | 1010 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
bfaf0bbb | 1011 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 |
3fc2f6c8 UD |
1012 | 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 |
1013 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1014 | |
1015 | # Finland | |
1016 | # | |
11bf311e | 1017 | # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): |
28f540f4 RM |
1018 | # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, |
1019 | # and it's supposed to change at 4am... | |
1020 | # | |
11bf311e UD |
1021 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
1022 | # Shanks & Pottenger say Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time | |
1023 | # since 1981. Go with Strang instead. | |
28f540f4 RM |
1024 | # |
1025 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1026 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1027 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
1028 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1029 | Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 | |
569c558c UD |
1030 | 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time |
1031 | 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 | |
1032 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1033 | |
d1091a21 UD |
1034 | # Aaland Is |
1035 | Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn | |
1036 | ||
1037 | ||
28f540f4 | 1038 | # France |
328c5f65 UD |
1039 | |
1040 | # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): | |
1041 | # | |
1042 | # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions | |
1043 | # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 | |
1044 | # | |
1045 | # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, | |
1046 | # Paris, 1991 | |
1047 | # | |
1048 | # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, | |
1049 | # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 | |
1050 | ||
1051 | ||
569c558c | 1052 | # |
11bf311e | 1053 | # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. |
28f540f4 | 1054 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1055 | Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
74015205 | 1056 | Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1057 | Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
1058 | Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1059 | Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1060 | Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1061 | Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1062 | Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1063 | Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1064 | Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
b21c5832 AS |
1065 | # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st |
1066 | # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions | |
11bf311e | 1067 | # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1068 | Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1069 | Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
1070 | Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1071 | Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1072 | Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1073 | Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1074 | Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1075 | Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1076 | Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1077 | Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1078 | Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1079 | Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1080 | Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1081 | Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1082 | Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1083 | Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1084 | Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1085 | Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1086 | Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1087 | Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
11bf311e UD |
1088 | # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger |
1089 | # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. | |
328c5f65 UD |
1090 | # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, |
1091 | # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La | |
1092 | # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, | |
1093 | # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, | |
1094 | # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, | |
1095 | # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). | |
e3e4e463 | 1096 | Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
11bf311e | 1097 | # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, |
6c49b464 | 1098 | # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), |
74015205 UD |
1099 | # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes |
1100 | # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. | |
1101 | Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 1102 | Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1103 | Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1104 | Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M |
74015205 | 1105 | Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1106 | Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1107 | Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1108 | Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M |
28f540f4 | 1109 | Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
11bf311e | 1110 | # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; |
74015205 UD |
1111 | # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. |
1112 | Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S | |
1113 | Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - | |
11bf311e | 1114 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, |
a5570f62 RM |
1115 | # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. |
1116 | # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based | |
1117 | # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. | |
28f540f4 | 1118 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
74015205 | 1119 | Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
328c5f65 | 1120 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT |
11bf311e | 1121 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. |
74015205 | 1122 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 |
328c5f65 | 1123 | # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; |
11bf311e | 1124 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1125 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 |
74015205 | 1126 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
569c558c UD |
1127 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
1128 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1129 | |
1130 | # Germany | |
569c558c | 1131 | |
6c49b464 | 1132 | # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): |
e3e4e463 UD |
1133 | # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische |
1134 | # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. | |
c6289757 UD |
1135 | # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1136 | ||
1137 | # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): | |
97898201 UD |
1138 | # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by |
1139 | # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> | |
c6289757 UD |
1140 | # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. |
1141 | ||
1142 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): | |
1143 | # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> | |
97898201 UD |
1144 | # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf |
1145 | # </a> | |
c6289757 UD |
1146 | # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. |
1147 | # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so | |
1148 | # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. | |
1149 | ||
e3e4e463 | 1150 | |
28f540f4 | 1151 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1152 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 UD |
1153 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
1154 | Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
97898201 UD |
1155 | # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition |
1156 | # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. | |
1157 | # Go with the PTB. | |
1158 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 1159 | Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c UD |
1160 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S |
1161 | Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1162 | Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S | |
97898201 UD |
1163 | |
1164 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer | |
1165 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S | |
1166 | Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - | |
1167 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1168 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1169 | Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr | |
97898201 UD |
1170 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 |
1171 | 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 | |
569c558c UD |
1172 | 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 |
1173 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1174 | |
792dcd77 UD |
1175 | # Georgia |
1176 | # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. | |
1177 | # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) | |
1178 | # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. | |
1179 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1180 | # Gibraltar |
1181 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
11bf311e | 1182 | Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s |
28f540f4 | 1183 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 |
569c558c UD |
1184 | 1:00 - CET 1982 |
1185 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1186 | |
1187 | # Greece | |
28f540f4 | 1188 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
11bf311e | 1189 | # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1190 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1191 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
11bf311e | 1192 | # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1193 | Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 1194 | # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1195 | Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1196 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1197 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
11bf311e | 1198 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1199 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1200 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1201 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1202 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1203 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1204 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1205 | Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1206 | Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - |
1207 | Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1208 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1209 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1210 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1211 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
1212 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1213 | Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 | |
569c558c UD |
1214 | 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT |
1215 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 | |
1216 | 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 | |
1217 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 | |
11bf311e | 1218 | # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; |
6bc31da0 | 1219 | # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
569c558c | 1220 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1221 | |
1222 | # Hungary | |
1223 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1224 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1225 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1226 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1227 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1228 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1229 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1230 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1231 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1232 | Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1233 | Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1234 | Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S |
1235 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1236 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1237 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1238 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1239 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1240 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1241 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1242 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1243 | Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1244 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1245 | Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct | |
569c558c UD |
1246 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 |
1247 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 | |
97898201 | 1248 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
569c558c UD |
1249 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s |
1250 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1251 | |
1252 | # Iceland | |
1253 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1254 | # From Adam David (1993-11-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
1255 | # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. |
1256 | # | |
b5791037 | 1257 | # (1993-12-05): |
28f540f4 RM |
1258 | # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of |
1259 | # Iceland Almanak. | |
1260 | # | |
1261 | # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour | |
1262 | # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts | |
1263 | # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which | |
1264 | # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. | |
1265 | # | |
1266 | # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks | |
1267 | # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the | |
1268 | # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always | |
1269 | # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. | |
1270 | # | |
b5791037 | 1271 | # (1993-12-10): |
28f540f4 RM |
1272 | # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the |
1273 | # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus | |
1274 | # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. | |
1275 | # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day | |
1276 | # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. | |
1277 | # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" | |
1278 | # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it | |
569c558c | 1279 | # might mean something else (???). |
28f540f4 | 1280 | # |
11bf311e UD |
1281 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
1282 | # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. | |
1283 | # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely | |
1284 | # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. | |
28f540f4 RM |
1285 | # |
1286 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c UD |
1287 | Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S |
1288 | Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - | |
1289 | Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - | |
1290 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S | |
1291 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - | |
1292 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S | |
1293 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - | |
1294 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1295 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - | |
1296 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1297 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 1298 | # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter |
569c558c UD |
1299 | Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
1300 | Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 1301 | # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter |
569c558c | 1302 | Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1303 | # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week |
569c558c UD |
1304 | Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - |
1305 | Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - | |
1306 | Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1307 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1308 | Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 | |
569c558c UD |
1309 | -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? |
1310 | -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s | |
28f540f4 RM |
1311 | 0:00 - GMT |
1312 | ||
1313 | # Italy | |
569c558c | 1314 | # |
328c5f65 UD |
1315 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): |
1316 | # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, | |
1f5649f8 | 1317 | # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). |
328c5f65 UD |
1318 | # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. |
1319 | # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, | |
1320 | # so record only the time in Rome. | |
1321 | # | |
11bf311e UD |
1322 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
1323 | # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and | |
1324 | # F. Pollastri | |
328c5f65 | 1325 | # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> |
11bf311e | 1326 | # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) |
74015205 UD |
1327 | # </a> |
1328 | # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute | |
1329 | # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: | |
dfe1754a | 1330 | # |
11bf311e | 1331 | # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: |
dfe1754a RM |
1332 | # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W |
1333 | # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1334 | # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S | |
1335 | # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W | |
1336 | # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S | |
1337 | # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W | |
1338 | # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S | |
1339 | # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1340 | # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S | |
1341 | # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
569c558c | 1342 | # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) |
dfe1754a RM |
1343 | # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
1344 | # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1345 | # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S | |
1346 | # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S | |
1347 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1348 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1349 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1350 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1351 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1352 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1353 | Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1354 | Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1355 | Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S |
1356 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S | |
dfe1754a | 1357 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1358 | Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1359 | Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1360 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1361 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1362 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1363 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1364 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1365 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1366 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1367 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1368 | Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1369 | Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1370 | Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
1371 | Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1372 | Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1373 | Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1374 | Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
1375 | Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1376 | Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1377 | Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1378 | Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S |
1379 | Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1380 | Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1381 | Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S |
1382 | Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1383 | Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
1384 | Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - | |
1385 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1386 | Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 | |
11bf311e | 1387 | 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean |
569c558c UD |
1388 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1389 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul | |
1390 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 | |
1391 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
6c2f0507 RM |
1392 | |
1393 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican | |
1394 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino | |
28f540f4 RM |
1395 | |
1396 | # Latvia | |
2b79b6d5 | 1397 | |
6c49b464 | 1398 | # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1399 | |
1400 | # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy | |
1401 | # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the | |
1402 | # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about | |
1403 | # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... | |
1404 | # | |
1405 | # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... | |
1406 | # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 | |
1407 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning | |
1408 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) | |
1409 | # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). | |
1410 | # | |
1411 | # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... | |
1412 | # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 | |
1413 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning | |
1414 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 | |
1415 | # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of | |
1416 | # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). | |
1417 | # | |
1418 | # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... | |
1419 | # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 | |
1420 | # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, | |
1421 | # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the | |
1422 | # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia | |
1423 | # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 | |
1424 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of | |
1425 | # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 | |
1426 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is | |
1427 | # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... | |
1428 | # | |
1429 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of | |
1430 | # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of | |
1431 | # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. | |
1432 | ||
30b416ea UD |
1433 | # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): |
1434 | # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in | |
1435 | # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> | |
1436 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of | |
1437 | # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). | |
1438 | ||
328c5f65 UD |
1439 | # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> |
1440 | # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: | |
1441 | # </a> | |
1442 | # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will | |
1443 | # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. | |
1444 | # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their | |
1445 | # clocks one hour in the spring.... | |
1446 | # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few | |
1447 | # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European | |
1448 | # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving | |
1449 | # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government | |
1450 | # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it | |
1451 | # appears that they will not do so.... | |
1452 | ||
8a523922 | 1453 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1454 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
1455 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1456 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1457 | Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1458 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time |
1459 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer | |
1460 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 | |
1461 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 | |
1462 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 | |
28f540f4 | 1463 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 |
8a523922 | 1464 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul |
2b79b6d5 | 1465 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1466 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
1467 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s | |
1468 | 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 | |
30b416ea | 1469 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 |
921a93b9 | 1470 | 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 |
328c5f65 | 1471 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1472 | |
1473 | # Liechtenstein | |
1474 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1475 | Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun | |
569c558c UD |
1476 | 1:00 - CET 1981 |
1477 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1478 | |
1479 | # Lithuania | |
b5c6276a UD |
1480 | |
1481 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): | |
1482 | # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is | |
1483 | # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. | |
1484 | ||
6c49b464 | 1485 | # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): |
b5c6276a UD |
1486 | # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone |
1487 | # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. | |
1488 | ||
1489 | # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), | |
1490 | # via Steffen Thorsen: | |
1491 | # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) | |
1492 | # to be valid here starting from October 31, | |
1493 | # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... | |
1494 | # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a | |
1495 | # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was | |
328c5f65 | 1496 | # already done by Estonia. |
b5c6276a | 1497 | |
3459f702 UD |
1498 | # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> |
1499 | # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism | |
1500 | # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. | |
1501 | ||
c6289757 UD |
1502 | # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): |
1503 | # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will | |
1504 | # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid | |
1505 | # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its | |
1506 | # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of | |
1507 | # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at | |
1508 | # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm | |
1509 | ||
1510 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1511 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1512 | Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1513 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1514 | 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time | |
1515 | 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 | |
28f540f4 | 1516 | 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 |
569c558c | 1517 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 |
8a523922 | 1518 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 |
569c558c | 1519 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug |
8a523922 | 1520 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
569c558c | 1521 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1522 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 |
1523 | 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u | |
b5c6276a | 1524 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
c6289757 UD |
1525 | 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 |
1526 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
f81d98d6 | 1527 | |
28f540f4 | 1528 | # Luxembourg |
11bf311e UD |
1529 | # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; |
1530 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
28f540f4 | 1531 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1532 | Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1533 | Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1534 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1535 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1536 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1537 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1538 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1539 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1540 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1541 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1542 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1543 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1544 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1545 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1546 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1547 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1548 | Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1549 | Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1550 | Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
1551 | Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S | |
1552 | Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S | |
1553 | Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S | |
1554 | Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1555 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1556 | Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun | |
569c558c UD |
1557 | 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 |
1558 | 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s | |
1559 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 | |
1560 | 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 | |
1561 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 | |
1562 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1563 | |
1564 | # Macedonia | |
11bf311e | 1565 | # see Serbia |
28f540f4 RM |
1566 | |
1567 | # Malta | |
1568 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1569 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1570 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1571 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1572 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1573 | Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1574 | Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1575 | Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1576 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
11bf311e | 1577 | Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta |
569c558c UD |
1578 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1579 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s | |
1580 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 | |
1581 | 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 | |
1582 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1583 | |
1584 | # Moldova | |
328c5f65 | 1585 | |
11bf311e UD |
1586 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
1587 | # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write | |
1588 | # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. | |
328c5f65 UD |
1589 | # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence |
1590 | # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). | |
1591 | # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area | |
1592 | # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. | |
6c49b464 | 1593 | # But [two people] separately reported via |
328c5f65 UD |
1594 | # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. |
1595 | # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. | |
1596 | ||
28f540f4 | 1597 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
e48492ae UD |
1598 | Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 |
1599 | 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT | |
1600 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT | |
1601 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 | |
1602 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 | |
1603 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 | |
1604 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
1605 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 | |
1606 | 2:00 - EET 1991 | |
1607 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 | |
2864e767 | 1608 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
e48492ae | 1609 | # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. |
2864e767 | 1610 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1611 | |
1612 | # Monaco | |
11bf311e UD |
1613 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's |
1614 | # more precise 0:09:21. | |
28f540f4 RM |
1615 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1616 | Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 | |
a5570f62 | 1617 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1618 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
1619 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 | |
1620 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1621 | |
11bf311e UD |
1622 | # Montenegro |
1623 | # see Serbia | |
1624 | ||
28f540f4 | 1625 | # Netherlands |
289ac9dd | 1626 | |
a5570f62 RM |
1627 | # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, |
1628 | # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. | |
289ac9dd UD |
1629 | |
1630 | # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): | |
1631 | # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 | |
1632 | # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including | |
1633 | # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time | |
1634 | # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the | |
1635 | # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was | |
1636 | # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. | |
1637 | # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and | |
1638 | # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). | |
1639 | # | |
1640 | # (2001-04-08): | |
1641 | # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to | |
1642 | # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common | |
1643 | # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. | |
1644 | # | |
1645 | # (2001-04-09): | |
1646 | # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the | |
1647 | # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe | |
1648 | # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was | |
1649 | # actually followed. | |
1650 | # | |
1651 | # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to | |
1652 | # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of | |
1653 | # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most | |
1654 | # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically | |
1655 | # adopted Amsterdam mean time. | |
1656 | # | |
1657 | # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety | |
1658 | # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it | |
1659 | # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe | |
1660 | # Amsterdam mean time. | |
1661 | ||
1662 | # The data before 1945 are taken from | |
99ee5970 | 1663 | # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. |
289ac9dd | 1664 | |
28f540f4 | 1665 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
99ee5970 UD |
1666 | Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
1667 | Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time | |
28f540f4 RM |
1668 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1669 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT | |
28f540f4 | 1670 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
289ac9dd | 1671 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT |
99ee5970 | 1672 | Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
569c558c | 1673 | Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT |
99ee5970 UD |
1674 | Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1675 | Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1676 | Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
289ac9dd UD |
1677 | # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week |
1678 | # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. | |
28f540f4 RM |
1679 | Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1680 | Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1681 | Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1682 | Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
569c558c UD |
1683 | Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
1684 | Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
1685 | Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
1686 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S | |
99ee5970 | 1687 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
289ac9dd UD |
1688 | # |
1689 | # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted | |
1690 | # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. | |
28f540f4 | 1691 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd UD |
1692 | Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 |
1693 | 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 | |
1f5649f8 | 1694 | 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time |
569c558c UD |
1695 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1696 | 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 | |
1697 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1698 | |
1699 | # Norway | |
11bf311e UD |
1700 | # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & |
1701 | # Pottenger. | |
28f540f4 | 1702 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1703 | Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1704 | Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1705 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1706 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1707 | Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1708 | Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1709 | Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1710 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd | 1711 | Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 |
569c558c UD |
1712 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 |
1713 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 | |
1714 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 | |
1715 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
ae828bc6 UD |
1716 | |
1717 | # Svalbard & Jan Mayen | |
289ac9dd UD |
1718 | |
1719 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): | |
1720 | # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and | |
1721 | # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the | |
1722 | # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared | |
1723 | # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan | |
1724 | # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From | |
1725 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and | |
1726 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation | |
1727 | # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came | |
1728 | # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a | |
1729 | # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From | |
1730 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been | |
1731 | # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) | |
1732 | # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by | |
1733 | # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever | |
1734 | # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since | |
1735 | # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere | |
1736 | # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). | |
1737 | ||
1738 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): | |
1739 | # | |
1740 | # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, | |
792dcd77 | 1741 | # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
289ac9dd UD |
1742 | # keeping Berlin time. |
1743 | # | |
1744 | # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists | |
1745 | # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in | |
1746 | # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite | |
1747 | # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a | |
1748 | # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly | |
1749 | # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that | |
1750 | # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. | |
1751 | # | |
1752 | # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an | |
1753 | # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says | |
1754 | # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ | |
1755 | # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were | |
1756 | # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, | |
1757 | # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) | |
792dcd77 | 1758 | # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> |
289ac9dd UD |
1759 | # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named |
1760 | # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. | |
1761 | # | |
1762 | # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can | |
1763 | # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the | |
1764 | # war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: | |
569c558c | 1765 | Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen |
28f540f4 RM |
1766 | |
1767 | # Poland | |
28f540f4 RM |
1768 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1769 | Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 1770 | Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e UD |
1771 | Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
1772 | # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
28f540f4 | 1773 | Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - |
11bf311e | 1774 | # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1775 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1776 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
e946ea2f UD |
1777 | # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
1778 | # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., | |
1779 | # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> | |
1780 | # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. | |
1781 | # He also gives these further references: | |
1782 | # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> | |
1783 | # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> | |
1784 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S | |
1785 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - | |
1786 | Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1787 | Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
1788 | Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1789 | Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c | 1790 | Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1791 | Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1792 | Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S |
1793 | Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1794 | Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1795 | Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S |
e946ea2f | 1796 | Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1797 | Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
1798 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1799 | Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1800 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1801 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 | |
1802 | 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun | |
1803 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 | |
1804 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct | |
e946ea2f UD |
1805 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 |
1806 | 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 | |
38c097ca | 1807 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1808 | |
1809 | # Portugal | |
8a523922 | 1810 | # |
6c49b464 | 1811 | # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): |
8a523922 UD |
1812 | # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone |
1813 | # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. | |
1814 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1815 | # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve |
8a523922 UD |
1816 | # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. |
1817 | # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. | |
1818 | # | |
1819 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): | |
1820 | # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions | |
1821 | # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. | |
1822 | # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. | |
1823 | # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. | |
1824 | # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal | |
1825 | # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. | |
1826 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1827 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
b21c5832 AS |
1828 | # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not |
1829 | # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. | |
11bf311e | 1830 | # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 1831 | Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 1832 | # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1833 | Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1834 | Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1835 | Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1836 | Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
1837 | Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1838 | Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1839 | Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1840 | Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1841 | Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1842 | Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1843 | Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1844 | Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
1845 | Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1846 | Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1847 | Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e | 1848 | # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1849 | Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1850 | Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c | 1851 | Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 1852 | # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1853 | Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
11bf311e | 1854 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. |
569c558c UD |
1855 | Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
1856 | Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e | 1857 | # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c UD |
1858 | Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
1859 | Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1860 | Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e | 1861 | # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 1862 | Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1863 | Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 1864 | # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. |
28f540f4 | 1865 | Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1866 | Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
1867 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 1868 | Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c | 1869 | Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1870 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - |
e3e4e463 | 1871 | Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1872 | Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1873 | Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1874 | Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1875 | Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1876 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1877 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
11bf311e UD |
1878 | # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. |
1879 | # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
569c558c | 1880 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1881 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1882 | Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1883 | Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1884 | Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1885 | Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
1886 | Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
1887 | Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
1888 | Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1889 | Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1890 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
11bf311e | 1891 | # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; |
921a93b9 | 1892 | # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. |
28f540f4 | 1893 | Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 |
921a93b9 | 1894 | -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1895 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 |
1896 | 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 | |
1897 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
8a523922 | 1898 | 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
569c558c UD |
1899 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u |
1900 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1901 | Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada |
1f5649f8 | 1902 | -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1903 | -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time |
1904 | -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
8a523922 UD |
1905 | -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
1906 | 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u | |
1907 | -1:00 EU AZO%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1908 | Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal |
1f5649f8 | 1909 | -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1910 | -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time |
1911 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
1912 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1913 | |
28f540f4 | 1914 | # Romania |
2864e767 UD |
1915 | # |
1916 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): | |
1917 | # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> | |
1918 | # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at | |
1919 | # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, | |
1920 | # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, | |
1921 | # the same year as Bulgaria. | |
1922 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1923 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1924 | Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1925 | Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1926 | Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S |
1927 | Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1928 | Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1929 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1930 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
8a523922 UD |
1931 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
1932 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1933 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1934 | Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct | |
569c558c UD |
1935 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
1936 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s | |
8a523922 UD |
1937 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
1938 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 | |
2864e767 UD |
1939 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
1940 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1941 | |
1942 | # Russia | |
6bc31da0 | 1943 | |
11bf311e | 1944 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
e48492ae | 1945 | # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. |
8a523922 | 1946 | # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
11bf311e UD |
1947 | # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, |
1948 | # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat | |
1949 | # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. | |
8a523922 | 1950 | # |
6c49b464 | 1951 | # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): |
1f5649f8 UD |
1952 | # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! |
1953 | # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; | |
1954 | # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching | |
1955 | # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. | |
1956 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1957 | # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
8a523922 | 1958 | # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
d1091a21 | 1959 | # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... |
8a523922 UD |
1960 | # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor |
1961 | # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. | |
1962 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1963 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): |
8a523922 UD |
1964 | # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from |
1965 | # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... | |
1966 | # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. | |
28f540f4 | 1967 | # |
328c5f65 UD |
1968 | # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from |
1969 | # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): | |
1970 | # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was | |
1971 | # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with | |
1972 | # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began | |
1973 | # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. | |
1974 | # | |
1f5649f8 UD |
1975 | # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): |
1976 | # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in | |
1977 | # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the | |
1978 | # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan | |
1979 | # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok | |
1980 | # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are | |
1981 | # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have | |
1982 | # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. | |
1983 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1984 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1f5649f8 UD |
1985 | # |
1986 | # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. | |
289ac9dd | 1987 | Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr |
8a523922 | 1988 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
e48492ae | 1989 | 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 |
8a523922 | 1990 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
8a523922 | 1991 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
1992 | # |
1993 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
11bf311e | 1994 | # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', |
1f5649f8 | 1995 | # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', |
11bf311e | 1996 | # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', |
1f5649f8 UD |
1997 | # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, |
1998 | # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, | |
1999 | # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, | |
11bf311e | 2000 | # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, |
1f5649f8 UD |
2001 | # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', |
2002 | # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, | |
2003 | # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', | |
2004 | # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, | |
2005 | # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', | |
2006 | # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', | |
11bf311e | 2007 | # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, |
1f5649f8 UD |
2008 | # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', |
2009 | # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, | |
2010 | # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', | |
2011 | # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', | |
2012 | # Yaroslavskaya oblast' | |
28f540f4 | 2013 | Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
2014 | 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time |
2015 | 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 | |
8a523922 | 2016 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct |
28f540f4 | 2017 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
8a523922 | 2018 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2019 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
8a523922 | 2020 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
1f5649f8 | 2021 | # |
11bf311e UD |
2022 | # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', |
2023 | # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 | |
2024 | # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the | |
2025 | # others? But we have no data. | |
2026 | Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 | |
2027 | 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time | |
2028 | 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time | |
2029 | 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 | |
2030 | 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T | |
2031 | 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
2032 | 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s | |
2033 | 3:00 Russia VOL%sT | |
2034 | # | |
1f5649f8 UD |
2035 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] |
2036 | # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika | |
e48492ae | 2037 | Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
11bf311e UD |
2038 | 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 |
2039 | 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 | |
2040 | 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev | |
e48492ae UD |
2041 | 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
2042 | 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s | |
2043 | 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 | |
2044 | 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time | |
1f5649f8 UD |
2045 | # |
2046 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2047 | # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, | |
2048 | # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', | |
2049 | # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', | |
2050 | # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', | |
2051 | # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
e48492ae UD |
2052 | Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 |
2053 | 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time | |
569c558c | 2054 | 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2055 | 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2056 | 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
1f5649f8 UD |
2057 | # |
2058 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2059 | # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. | |
e48492ae UD |
2060 | Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 |
2061 | 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme | |
569c558c | 2062 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2063 | 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2064 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT |
1f5649f8 | 2065 | # |
11bf311e UD |
2066 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's |
2067 | # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. | |
2068 | # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. | |
e48492ae UD |
2069 | Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 |
2070 | 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time | |
569c558c | 2071 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2072 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
11bf311e | 2073 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. |
569c558c | 2074 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2075 | # |
2076 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2077 | # Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, | |
11bf311e | 2078 | # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, |
1f5649f8 | 2079 | # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
e48492ae UD |
2080 | Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 |
2081 | 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time | |
569c558c | 2082 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2083 | 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2084 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2085 | # |
2086 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2087 | # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', | |
2088 | # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
28f540f4 | 2089 | Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
2090 | 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time |
2091 | 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time | |
569c558c | 2092 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2093 | 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2094 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
1f5649f8 | 2095 | # |
d1091a21 | 2096 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 UD |
2097 | # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', |
2098 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. | |
d1091a21 UD |
2099 | # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, |
2100 | # Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, | |
2101 | # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, | |
2102 | # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij, | |
2103 | # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, | |
2104 | # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij. | |
e48492ae UD |
2105 | Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
2106 | 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time | |
569c558c | 2107 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2108 | 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2109 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
1f5649f8 | 2110 | # |
d1091a21 | 2111 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 UD |
2112 | # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, |
2113 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). | |
d1091a21 UD |
2114 | # The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, |
2115 | # Ust'-Yanskij. | |
e48492ae UD |
2116 | Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 |
2117 | 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time | |
569c558c | 2118 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2119 | 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2120 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2121 | # |
2122 | # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. | |
2123 | # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. | |
2124 | Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 | |
2125 | 9:00 - CJT 1938 | |
2126 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 | |
2127 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. | |
2128 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | |
2129 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s | |
2130 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT | |
2131 | # | |
d1091a21 | 2132 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 | 2133 | # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
d1091a21 UD |
2134 | # Probably also: Kuril Islands. |
2135 | # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij, | |
2136 | # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij. | |
28f540f4 | 2137 | Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
e48492ae | 2138 | 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
569c558c | 2139 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2140 | 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2141 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2142 | # |
2143 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2144 | # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
2145 | # | |
2146 | # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. | |
e48492ae UD |
2147 | Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 |
2148 | 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time | |
569c558c | 2149 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2150 | 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2151 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2152 | # |
2153 | # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug | |
28f540f4 | 2154 | Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
e48492ae UD |
2155 | 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time |
2156 | 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s | |
2157 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
2158 | 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | |
2159 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT | |
28f540f4 | 2160 | |
11bf311e | 2161 | # Serbia |
c6289757 UD |
2162 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2163 | Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 | |
2164 | 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 | |
97898201 UD |
2165 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
2166 | 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s | |
c6289757 | 2167 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
6c49b464 | 2168 | # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of |
c6289757 | 2169 | # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. |
11bf311e | 2170 | # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. |
c6289757 UD |
2171 | 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 |
2172 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
2173 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia | |
11bf311e | 2174 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro |
c6289757 UD |
2175 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina |
2176 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia | |
2177 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia | |
2178 | ||
a5570f62 RM |
2179 | # Slovakia |
2180 | Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava | |
28f540f4 RM |
2181 | |
2182 | # Slovenia | |
11bf311e | 2183 | # see Serbia |
28f540f4 RM |
2184 | |
2185 | # Spain | |
2186 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
11bf311e UD |
2187 | # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; |
2188 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
569c558c | 2189 | Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2190 | Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2191 | Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
2192 | Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e | 2193 | # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
569c558c | 2194 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 2195 | # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 2196 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 2197 | Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
11bf311e | 2198 | # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
28f540f4 | 2199 | Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2200 | Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
2201 | Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
2202 | Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e UD |
2203 | # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; |
2204 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
569c558c | 2205 | Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2206 | Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2207 | Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
2208 | Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
2209 | Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S | |
11bf311e | 2210 | # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
e3e4e463 | 2211 | Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c | 2212 | Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 2213 | Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c UD |
2214 | Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S |
2215 | Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S | |
2216 | Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S | |
a5570f62 | 2217 | Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2218 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2219 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2220 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2221 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2222 | Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2223 | Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2224 | Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2225 | Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2226 | # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. |
2227 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S | |
2228 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2229 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S | |
2230 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - | |
2231 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S | |
2232 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - | |
2233 | Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - | |
2234 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S | |
2235 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 2236 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
11bf311e | 2237 | Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s |
569c558c UD |
2238 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 |
2239 | 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 | |
2240 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
2241 | Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 | |
2242 | 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 | |
2243 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 | |
2244 | 0:00 - WET 1924 | |
2245 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 | |
2246 | 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 | |
2247 | 1:00 - CET 1986 | |
2248 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 2249 | Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. |
569c558c | 2250 | -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time |
28f540f4 | 2251 | 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s |
569c558c UD |
2252 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s |
2253 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
8a523922 UD |
2254 | # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. |
2255 | # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. | |
28f540f4 RM |
2256 | |
2257 | # Sweden | |
289ac9dd | 2258 | |
11bf311e | 2259 | # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: |
289ac9dd UD |
2260 | # |
2261 | # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: | |
2262 | # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all | |
2263 | # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at | |
2264 | # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the | |
2265 | # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. | |
2266 | # | |
2267 | # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" | |
2268 | # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the | |
2269 | # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... | |
2270 | # | |
2271 | # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk | |
2272 | # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning | |
2273 | # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at | |
2274 | # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English | |
2275 | # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west | |
2276 | # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated | |
2277 | # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time | |
2278 | # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. | |
2279 | # | |
2280 | # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states | |
2281 | # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is | |
2282 | # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... | |
2283 | # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". | |
2284 | # | |
2285 | # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish | |
2286 | # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are | |
2287 | # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available | |
2288 | # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type | |
2289 | # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click | |
2290 | # the Sok-button). | |
2291 | # | |
2292 | # (2001-05-13): | |
2293 | # | |
2294 | # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 | |
2295 | # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show | |
2296 | # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some | |
2297 | # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already | |
2298 | # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another | |
2299 | # hour before the event took place. | |
2300 | # | |
2301 | # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. | |
2302 | ||
28f540f4 | 2303 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd UD |
2304 | Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 |
2305 | 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time | |
2306 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 | |
2307 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 | |
569c558c UD |
2308 | 1:00 - CET 1980 |
2309 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
2310 | |
2311 | # Switzerland | |
b9f1792a | 2312 | # From Howse: |
28f540f4 RM |
2313 | # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace |
2314 | # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep | |
2315 | # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... | |
2316 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
28f540f4 | 2317 | # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): |
a468a1d4 UD |
2318 | # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S |
2319 | # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - | |
11bf311e | 2320 | # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
a468a1d4 UD |
2321 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
2322 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - | |
2323 | ||
2324 | # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): | |
2325 | # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. | |
2326 | # | |
2327 | # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values | |
2328 | # to be wrong. This is now verified. | |
2329 | # | |
2330 | # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal | |
2331 | # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss | |
2332 | # federal law collection)... | |
2333 | # | |
2334 | # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am | |
2335 | # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. | |
2336 | # | |
2337 | # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am | |
2338 | # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am | |
2339 | # | |
2340 | # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. | |
2341 | # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law | |
2342 | # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any | |
2343 | # other years are made. | |
2344 | # | |
2345 | # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported | |
2346 | # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous | |
2347 | # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such | |
2348 | # a thing had happened in Switzerland. | |
2349 | # | |
2350 | # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de | |
2351 | # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is | |
2352 | # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled | |
2353 | # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. | |
2354 | # | |
2355 | # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: | |
2356 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S | |
2357 | # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - | |
2358 | # | |
2359 | # The 1940 rules must be deleted. | |
2360 | # | |
2361 | # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for | |
2362 | # most users of tzdata: | |
2363 | # The zone file | |
2364 | # Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 | |
2365 | # 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time | |
2366 | # 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 | |
2367 | # 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
2368 | # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of | |
2369 | # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not | |
2370 | # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. | |
2371 | # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. | |
2372 | ||
2373 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
2374 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S | |
2375 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
2376 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2377 | Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 | |
569c558c UD |
2378 | 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
2379 | 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 | |
2380 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
2381 | |
2382 | # Turkey | |
0479e581 JJ |
2383 | |
2384 | # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): | |
2385 | # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. | |
2386 | # ... The latest rules are available at - | |
2387 | # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 | |
2388 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): | |
2389 | # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that | |
2390 | # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure | |
2391 | # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: | |
2392 | # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm | |
2393 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT | |
2394 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM | |
2395 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 | |
2396 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 | |
2397 | # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 | |
2398 | # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): | |
2399 | # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. | |
2400 | ||
2401 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): | |
2402 | # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC | |
2403 | # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): | |
2404 | # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp | |
2405 | # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: | |
2406 | # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm | |
2407 | # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document | |
2408 | # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: | |
2409 | # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm | |
2410 | ||
97898201 UD |
2411 | # From Sue Williams (2008-08-11): |
2412 | # I spotted this news article about a potential change in Turkey. | |
2413 | # | |
2414 | # <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1"> | |
2415 | # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9626174.asp?scr=1 | |
2416 | # </a> | |
2417 | ||
2418 | # From Sue Williams (2008-08-20): | |
2419 | # This article says that around the end of March 2011, Turkey wants to | |
2420 | # adjust the clocks forward by 1/2 hour and stay that way permanently. | |
2421 | # The article indicates that this is a change in timezone offset in addition | |
2422 | # to stopping observance of DST. | |
2423 | # This proposal has not yet been approved. | |
2424 | # | |
2425 | # Read more here... | |
2426 | # | |
2427 | # Turkey to abandon daylight saving time in 2011 | |
2428 | # <a href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989"> | |
2429 | # http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=112989 | |
2430 | # </a> | |
2431 | ||
28f540f4 | 2432 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 2433 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2434 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2435 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2436 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2437 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2438 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2439 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2440 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
11bf311e UD |
2441 | # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; |
2442 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
569c558c | 2443 | Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2444 | Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2445 | Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
569c558c | 2446 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2447 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2448 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2449 | Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2450 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
11bf311e UD |
2451 | # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; |
2452 | # go with Shanks & Pottenger. | |
28f540f4 | 2453 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2454 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2455 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2456 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2457 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2458 | Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2459 | Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2460 | Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S |
2461 | Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S | |
2462 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2463 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2464 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2465 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2466 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2467 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2468 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2469 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2470 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2471 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2472 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2473 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2474 | Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2475 | Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2476 | Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
2477 | Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2478 | Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2479 | Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2480 | Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2481 | Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S |
2482 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2483 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2484 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2485 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
0479e581 JJ |
2486 | Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
2487 | Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
2488 | Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S | |
2489 | Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
2490 | Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
2491 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2492 | Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
2493 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? |
2494 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 | |
2495 | 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time | |
0479e581 | 2496 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 |
8a523922 | 2497 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
2498 | Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. |
2499 | ||
2500 | # Ukraine | |
c6289757 UD |
2501 | # |
2502 | # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, | |
2503 | # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): | |
2504 | # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment | |
2505 | # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: | |
2506 | # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday | |
2507 | # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of | |
2508 | # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" | |
2509 | ||
28f540f4 | 2510 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
e48492ae | 2511 | # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. |
d10737e4 UD |
2512 | # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
2513 | # "Kiev" is more common in English. | |
28f540f4 | 2514 | Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
2515 | 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time |
2516 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | |
2517 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 | |
2518 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 | |
2519 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2520 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2521 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
2522 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
2523 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
2524 | # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. | |
d10737e4 UD |
2525 | # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
2526 | # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. | |
e48492ae UD |
2527 | Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct |
2528 | 1:00 - CET 1940 | |
2529 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct | |
2530 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 | |
2531 | 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 | |
2532 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2533 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2534 | 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 | |
2535 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
2536 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
2537 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
2538 | # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. | |
d10737e4 UD |
2539 | # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but |
2540 | # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English | |
2541 | # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in | |
2542 | # portable Posix file names. | |
e48492ae UD |
2543 | Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 |
2544 | 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T | |
28f540f4 | 2545 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
e48492ae UD |
2546 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 |
2547 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 | |
2548 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 | |
2549 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
8a523922 | 2550 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
e48492ae | 2551 | # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. |
28f540f4 | 2552 | Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae | 2553 | 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T |
28f540f4 | 2554 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
e48492ae UD |
2555 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov |
2556 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 | |
2557 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2558 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2559 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
11bf311e | 2560 | # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
e48492ae | 2561 | # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched |
8a523922 | 2562 | # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
11bf311e UD |
2563 | # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened |
2564 | # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say | |
2565 | # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it | |
2566 | # changed in May. | |
e48492ae | 2567 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May |
2b79b6d5 | 2568 | # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. |
e48492ae UD |
2569 | 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s |
2570 | 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s | |
2b79b6d5 UD |
2571 | # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. |
2572 | # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. | |
89533d41 UD |
2573 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
2574 | 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u | |
2b79b6d5 | 2575 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
2576 | |
2577 | ############################################################################### | |
2578 | ||
2579 | # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from | |
2580 | # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. | |
2581 | # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. | |
2582 | # | |
2583 | # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but | |
2584 | # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. | |
2585 | # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at | |
2586 | # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey | |
2587 | # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time | |
2588 | # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) | |
2589 | ||
2590 | # ... | |
2591 | # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 | |
6c49b464 | 2592 | # From: Tom Hofmann |
28f540f4 RM |
2593 | # ... |
2594 | # | |
2595 | # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when | |
2596 | # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only | |
2597 | # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according | |
2598 | # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on | |
2599 | # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following | |
2600 | # years... | |
2601 | # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions | |
2602 | # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST | |
2603 | # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep | |
2604 | # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. | |
2605 | # | |
2606 | # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the | |
2607 | # Soviet Union (as far as I know). | |
2608 | # | |
2609 | # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, | |
2610 | # 4002 Basle, Switzerland | |
6c49b464 | 2611 | # ... |
28f540f4 RM |
2612 | |
2613 | # ... | |
2614 | # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 | |
6c49b464 | 2615 | # From: Dik T. Winter |
28f540f4 RM |
2616 | # ... |
2617 | # | |
2618 | # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. | |
2619 | # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information | |
2620 | # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. | |
2621 | # | |
2622 | # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on | |
2623 | # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... | |
2624 | # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that | |
2625 | # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 | |
2626 | # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in | |
2627 | # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch | |
2628 | # dates... | |
2629 | # | |
2630 | # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. | |
2631 | # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... | |
2632 | # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not | |
2633 | # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations | |
2634 | # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always | |
2635 | # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the | |
2636 | # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours | |
2637 | # in advance of normal time. | |
2638 | # | |
2639 | # ... | |
2640 | # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland | |
6c49b464 | 2641 | # ... |
28f540f4 | 2642 | |
b5791037 | 2643 | # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): |
28f540f4 RM |
2644 | # ... |
2645 | # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). | |
2646 | # Since 1978. Change at midnight. | |
2647 | # ... | |
2648 | # Monaco: has same DST as France. | |
2649 | # ... |