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53751fd5 RM |
1 | # @(#)europe 7.96 |
2 | # <pre> | |
28f540f4 RM |
3 | |
4 | # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, | |
5 | # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to | |
6 | # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). | |
7 | ||
6c49b464 | 8 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
28f540f4 | 9 | # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
2864e767 UD |
10 | # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), |
11 | # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). | |
8a523922 | 12 | # |
1f5649f8 | 13 | # Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
8a523922 UD |
14 | # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
15 | # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), | |
16 | # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries | |
17 | # of the IATA's data after 1990. | |
18 | # | |
e48492ae UD |
19 | # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, |
20 | # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. | |
28f540f4 | 21 | # |
b21c5832 AS |
22 | # Other sources occasionally used include: |
23 | # | |
24 | # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, | |
25 | # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), | |
26 | # which I found in the UCLA library. | |
27 | # | |
921a93b9 UD |
28 | # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> |
29 | # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition | |
30 | # </a> (1914-03) | |
31 | # | |
b21c5832 AS |
32 | # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), |
33 | # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> | |
34 | # History of Summer Time | |
35 | # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) | |
36 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
37 | # |
38 | # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; | |
39 | # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. | |
569c558c | 40 | # Corrections are welcome! |
c6289757 UD |
41 | # std dst 2dst |
42 | # LMT Local Mean Time | |
43 | # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic | |
44 | # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* | |
45 | # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* | |
46 | # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer | |
47 | # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer | |
48 | # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe | |
49 | # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* | |
50 | # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* | |
51 | # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe | |
52 | # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* | |
53 | # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe | |
54 | # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow | |
569c558c | 55 | # |
28f540f4 | 56 | # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, |
38c097ca | 57 | # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
28f540f4 | 58 | |
6c49b464 | 59 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), |
72d8cdf0 | 60 | # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, |
28f540f4 RM |
61 | # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. |
62 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. | |
63 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. | |
64 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. | |
65 | # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for | |
66 | # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% | |
67 | # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous | |
68 | # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. | |
69 | # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) | |
70 | # ... | |
72d8cdf0 RM |
71 | # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. |
72 | # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. | |
28f540f4 RM |
73 | # ... |
74 | # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. | |
75 | # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact | |
76 | # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the | |
77 | # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed | |
78 | # in the Directive. | |
79 | ||
569c558c | 80 | |
28f540f4 RM |
81 | ############################################################################### |
82 | ||
ae828bc6 | 83 | # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) |
28f540f4 | 84 | |
6c49b464 | 85 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
86 | # |
87 | # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about | |
88 | # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo | |
89 | # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph | |
90 | # of the text said: | |
91 | # | |
92 | # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands | |
6bc31da0 | 93 | # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude |
28f540f4 RM |
94 | # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed |
95 | # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They | |
96 | # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, | |
97 | # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking | |
98 | # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' | |
99 | # | |
100 | # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's | |
6bc31da0 | 101 | # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should |
28f540f4 RM |
102 | # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. |
103 | # | |
104 | # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] | |
105 | ||
6c49b464 | 106 | # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): |
28f540f4 RM |
107 | # |
108 | # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. | |
109 | # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, | |
110 | # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. | |
38c097ca UD |
111 | # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) |
112 | # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). | |
28f540f4 RM |
113 | # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway |
114 | # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most | |
38c097ca | 115 | # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the |
28f540f4 | 116 | # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be |
38c097ca UD |
117 | # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. |
118 | # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, | |
119 | # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many | |
28f540f4 | 120 | # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public |
38c097ca UD |
121 | # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock |
122 | # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, | |
28f540f4 RM |
123 | # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal |
124 | # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading | |
125 | # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. | |
126 | # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition | |
38c097ca | 127 | # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. |
28f540f4 RM |
128 | # |
129 | # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single | |
38c097ca UD |
130 | # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much |
131 | # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. | |
28f540f4 | 132 | |
d1091a21 | 133 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): |
ffee1316 | 134 | # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), |
b21c5832 | 135 | # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
38c097ca | 136 | # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) |
ffee1316 RM |
137 | # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, |
138 | # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. | |
139 | # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, | |
140 | # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. | |
921a93b9 UD |
141 | # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and |
142 | # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. | |
143 | # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). | |
144 | # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in | |
d1091a21 | 145 | # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular |
921a93b9 UD |
146 | # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, |
147 | # designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, | |
148 | # which is permanently set to Summer Time. | |
149 | ||
150 | # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): | |
151 | # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of | |
152 | # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country | |
153 | # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which | |
154 | # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the | |
155 | # foundations of civilization throughout the world. | |
156 | # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> | |
157 | # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly | |
158 | # </a> | |
ffee1316 | 159 | |
569c558c UD |
160 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): |
161 | # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' | |
162 | # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this | |
163 | # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the | |
164 | # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. | |
165 | ||
b5791037 | 166 | # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): |
28f540f4 RM |
167 | # |
168 | # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's | |
169 | # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. | |
170 | ||
171 | # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) | |
6c49b464 | 172 | # From: Jonathan Leffler |
28f540f4 RM |
173 | # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. |
174 | # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in | |
175 | # politics making a fortune, not computing. | |
176 | ||
6c49b464 | 177 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): |
569c558c UD |
178 | # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the |
179 | # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published | |
180 | # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and | |
181 | # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." | |
182 | ||
a7123f0e UD |
183 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): |
184 | # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the | |
185 | # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) | |
186 | # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). | |
187 | ||
3d73829c | 188 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): |
a133e4fa UD |
189 | # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
190 | # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any | |
191 | # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't | |
192 | # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British | |
193 | # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. | |
3d73829c | 194 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
a133e4fa | 195 | # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
a133e4fa UD |
196 | |
197 | # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): | |
198 | # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time | |
199 | # which is to be introduced in May.... | |
200 | # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" | |
201 | # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. | |
202 | ||
203 | # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): | |
204 | # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common | |
205 | # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, | |
206 | # so we use `BDST'. | |
38c097ca | 207 | |
6c49b464 | 208 | # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
bfaf0bbb | 209 | # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
6c49b464 | 210 | # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
bfaf0bbb UD |
211 | # and extending this list, which can be found in |
212 | # <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> | |
213 | # History of legal time in Britain | |
b45b9457 | 214 | # </a> |
a7123f0e | 215 | |
6c49b464 | 216 | # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
74015205 UD |
217 | # |
218 | # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; | |
219 | # see Lord Tanlaw's speech | |
220 | # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> | |
221 | # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) | |
222 | # </a>. | |
28f540f4 | 223 | |
1f5649f8 | 224 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): |
28f540f4 | 225 | # |
bfaf0bbb | 226 | # For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. |
28f540f4 | 227 | # |
bfaf0bbb | 228 | # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: |
26b4d766 | 229 | # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until |
28f540f4 RM |
230 | # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. |
231 | # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. | |
232 | # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. | |
233 | # It actually just had one transition. | |
26b4d766 | 234 | # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. |
28f540f4 | 235 | # Actually, it conformed to Britain. |
ffee1316 RM |
236 | # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. |
237 | # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. | |
238 | # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). | |
28f540f4 | 239 | # |
328c5f65 | 240 | # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: |
28f540f4 | 241 | # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT |
26b4d766 | 242 | # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to |
28f540f4 | 243 | # conform with Great Britain. |
a7123f0e UD |
244 | # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. |
245 | # | |
246 | # The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; | |
247 | # we'll ignore it for now. | |
ffee1316 RM |
248 | # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. |
249 | # | |
28f540f4 RM |
250 | # |
251 | # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. | |
1f5649f8 UD |
252 | # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory |
253 | # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was | |
254 | # to London. For example: | |
255 | # | |
256 | # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." | |
257 | # -- James Joyce, Ulysses | |
28f540f4 | 258 | |
7a50b1f6 UD |
259 | # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
260 | # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include | |
261 | # various relating to legal time, for example: | |
262 | # | |
263 | # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html | |
264 | # | |
265 | # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html | |
266 | # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html | |
267 | # | |
268 | # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html | |
269 | # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html | |
270 | # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html | |
271 | # | |
272 | # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html | |
273 | # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html | |
274 | # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html | |
275 | # | |
276 | # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is | |
277 | # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] | |
278 | # | |
279 | # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these | |
280 | # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover | |
281 | # the laws applicable in Ireland.) | |
282 | # | |
283 | # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined | |
284 | # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it | |
285 | # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time | |
286 | # being GMT+1.) | |
287 | ||
b81ee757 UD |
288 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): |
289 | # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) | |
38c097ca UD |
290 | # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time |
291 | # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. | |
b81ee757 | 292 | # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that |
38c097ca | 293 | # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) |
b81ee757 UD |
294 | # and Frethun run in CT. |
295 | # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, | |
296 | # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, | |
297 | # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. | |
298 | # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, | |
299 | # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. | |
38c097ca | 300 | # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. |
b81ee757 | 301 | |
ffee1316 RM |
302 | # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): |
303 | # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, | |
304 | # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. | |
305 | # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate | |
306 | # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of | |
307 | # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is | |
308 | # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". | |
309 | ||
28f540f4 | 310 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
74015205 | 311 | # Summer Time Act, 1916 |
28f540f4 RM |
312 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
313 | Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 314 | # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 |
28f540f4 RM |
315 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST |
316 | Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 317 | # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 |
28f540f4 RM |
318 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST |
319 | Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 320 | # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 |
28f540f4 RM |
321 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST |
322 | Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 323 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 |
28f540f4 | 324 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 325 | # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 |
28f540f4 | 326 | Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 327 | # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 |
28f540f4 RM |
328 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
329 | Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 330 | # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 |
28f540f4 RM |
331 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST |
332 | Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT | |
bfaf0bbb | 333 | # The Summer Time Act, 1922 |
28f540f4 RM |
334 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
335 | Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 336 | Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 337 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 338 | # The Summer Time Act, 1925 |
28f540f4 | 339 | Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 340 | Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 341 | Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 342 | Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 343 | Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 344 | Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 345 | Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 346 | Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 347 | Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 348 | Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 349 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
350 | # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 |
351 | Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT | |
352 | # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 | |
f962d792 | 353 | Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 354 | # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 |
569c558c | 355 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
28f540f4 | 356 | Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 357 | # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 |
569c558c | 358 | Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
74015205 | 359 | # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 |
28f540f4 | 360 | Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 361 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 |
f962d792 UD |
362 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
363 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST | |
74015205 | 364 | # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 |
74015205 UD |
365 | Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT |
366 | Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
367 | # The Summer Time Act, 1947 | |
28f540f4 | 368 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
569c558c | 369 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
28f540f4 RM |
370 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST |
371 | Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT | |
74015205 | 372 | # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) |
28f540f4 | 373 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST |
f962d792 | 374 | Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 | 375 | # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) |
28f540f4 | 376 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST |
f962d792 | 377 | Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
378 | # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) |
379 | # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) | |
380 | # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) | |
381 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
28f540f4 | 382 | Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
383 | # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 |
384 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
385 | Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT | |
386 | Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST | |
28f540f4 | 387 | Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 388 | Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 389 | Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
390 | Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST |
391 | # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) | |
392 | # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) | |
393 | # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) | |
28f540f4 | 394 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
395 | Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
396 | # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) | |
397 | # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) | |
398 | # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) | |
28f540f4 | 399 | Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 | 400 | # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) |
ffee1316 | 401 | Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST |
74015205 UD |
402 | # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 |
403 | # (no summer time) | |
404 | # The Summer Time Act, 1972 | |
28f540f4 | 405 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
28f540f4 | 406 | Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
407 | # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) |
408 | # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) | |
409 | # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) | |
410 | # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) | |
3d61b63c | 411 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST |
6c2f0507 | 412 | Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT |
74015205 UD |
413 | # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) |
414 | # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) | |
415 | # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) | |
6c2f0507 | 416 | Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT |
74015205 | 417 | # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) |
dfe1754a | 418 | # See EU for rules starting in 1996. |
28f540f4 RM |
419 | |
420 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
38c097ca | 421 | Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 |
ffee1316 RM |
422 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 |
423 | 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u | |
6c2f0507 | 424 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 |
dfe1754a | 425 | 0:00 EU GMT/BST |
1f5649f8 UD |
426 | Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
427 | -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 | |
74015205 | 428 | -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
569c558c | 429 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
ffee1316 RM |
430 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 |
431 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 | |
28f540f4 | 432 | 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 |
ffee1316 | 433 | 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 |
28f540f4 | 434 | 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
ffee1316 RM |
435 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
436 | 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u | |
437 | 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 | |
438 | 0:00 EU GMT/IST | |
28f540f4 RM |
439 | |
440 | ############################################################################### | |
441 | ||
442 | # Continental Europe | |
443 | ||
dfe1754a RM |
444 | # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, |
445 | # Common Market, etc. | |
28f540f4 RM |
446 | |
447 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 448 | Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S |
dfe1754a RM |
449 | Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
450 | Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - | |
451 | Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - | |
569c558c | 452 | Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 453 | Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
99ee5970 UD |
454 | # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: |
455 | # <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html" | |
456 | # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council | |
457 | # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. | |
458 | # </a> | |
dfe1754a RM |
459 | |
460 | # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. | |
569c558c | 461 | Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
462 | Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
463 | Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - | |
464 | Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 465 | Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 466 | Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 | 467 | |
569c558c UD |
468 | # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. |
469 | # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. | |
470 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S | |
471 | Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - | |
472 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S | |
473 | Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - | |
474 | Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c UD |
475 | Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - |
476 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S | |
477 | Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - | |
478 | Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 479 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. |
569c558c UD |
480 | Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - |
481 | Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S | |
482 | Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
483 | Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - | |
484 | Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
485 | Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
486 | Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 487 | |
8a523922 UD |
488 | # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. |
489 | Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S | |
490 | Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
491 | Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
492 | Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
493 | Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S | |
494 | Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - | |
495 | ||
28f540f4 | 496 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c UD |
497 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time |
498 | Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time | |
499 | Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time | |
e48492ae | 500 | Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST |
569c558c UD |
501 | Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST |
502 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S | |
503 | Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - | |
504 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 505 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c UD |
506 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S |
507 | Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2b79b6d5 | 508 | # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): |
569c558c UD |
509 | Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
510 | Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2b79b6d5 UD |
511 | # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in |
512 | # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): | |
8a523922 UD |
513 | Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
514 | Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
2b79b6d5 | 515 | # |
8a523922 UD |
516 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S |
517 | Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - | |
518 | Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
519 | Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
520 | Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
521 | |
522 | # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. | |
523 | ||
524 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
569c558c UD |
525 | Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT |
526 | Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT | |
527 | Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT | |
528 | Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 529 | |
569c558c UD |
530 | # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST |
531 | # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. | |
532 | ||
6c49b464 | 533 | # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): |
569c558c UD |
534 | # The official German names ... are |
535 | # | |
536 | # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 | |
537 | # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 | |
538 | # | |
539 | # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), | |
540 | # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... | |
541 | # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution | |
542 | # | |
543 | # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) | |
544 | # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" | |
545 | # Postfach 3345 | |
546 | # D-38023 Braunschweig | |
547 | # phone: +49 531 592-0 | |
548 | # | |
549 | # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB | |
550 | # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the | |
551 | # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as | |
552 | # | |
553 | # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 | |
554 | # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 | |
28f540f4 | 555 | |
28f540f4 RM |
556 | |
557 | # Albania | |
558 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 559 | Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 560 | Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 561 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 562 | Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 563 | Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 564 | Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 565 | Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 566 | Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 567 | Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 568 | Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 569 | Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 570 | Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 571 | Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 572 | Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 573 | Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 574 | Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 575 | Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 576 | Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 577 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 578 | Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 579 | Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 580 | Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 581 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 582 | Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 583 | Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
584 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
585 | Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 | |
569c558c | 586 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 |
907a1bac | 587 | 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul |
8a523922 | 588 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
589 | |
590 | # Andorra | |
591 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
592 | Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 | |
593 | 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 | |
569c558c UD |
594 | 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 |
595 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
596 | |
597 | # Austria | |
c6289757 UD |
598 | |
599 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and | |
600 | # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and | |
601 | # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" | |
602 | # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition | |
603 | # Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00 | |
604 | # for 1945-04-12. | |
605 | ||
28f540f4 | 606 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 607 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 608 | Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 609 | Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 610 | Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
611 | Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
612 | Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
c6289757 UD |
613 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S |
614 | Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
615 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
616 | Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr | |
c6289757 UD |
617 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 |
618 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s | |
619 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s | |
620 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s | |
621 | 1:00 - CET 1946 | |
569c558c UD |
622 | 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 |
623 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
624 | |
625 | # Belarus | |
626 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
627 | Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 | |
2b79b6d5 | 628 | 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time |
28f540f4 | 629 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
2b79b6d5 UD |
630 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 |
631 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 | |
2864e767 UD |
632 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 |
633 | 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
569c558c | 634 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2864e767 UD |
635 | 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s |
636 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s | |
8a523922 | 637 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
638 | |
639 | # Belgium | |
907a1bac UD |
640 | # |
641 | # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): | |
642 | # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: | |
643 | # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, | |
644 | # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 | |
645 | # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), | |
646 | # pp 8-9. | |
647 | # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: | |
648 | # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. | |
6c49b464 | 649 | # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. |
907a1bac UD |
650 | # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. |
651 | # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. | |
328c5f65 | 652 | # |
28f540f4 | 653 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
907a1bac UD |
654 | Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S |
655 | Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 656 | Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
907a1bac | 657 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 658 | Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
907a1bac | 659 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 660 | Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 661 | Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
907a1bac | 662 | Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
663 | Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S |
664 | Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
665 | Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S | |
b21c5832 AS |
666 | # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd |
667 | # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), | |
668 | # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 | |
669 | # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. | |
569c558c UD |
670 | Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
671 | Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
672 | Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
907a1bac | 673 | Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 674 | Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
675 | Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S |
676 | Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S | |
907a1bac | 677 | Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
678 | Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S |
679 | Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S | |
680 | Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S | |
681 | Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c | 682 | Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
569c558c UD |
683 | Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S |
684 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 685 | Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - |
907a1bac UD |
686 | Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
687 | Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 688 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 689 | Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 690 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
691 | Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
692 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
907a1bac UD |
693 | Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 |
694 | 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT | |
695 | 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 | |
696 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 | |
697 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u | |
698 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s | |
699 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 | |
569c558c UD |
700 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 |
701 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
702 | |
703 | # Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
c6289757 | 704 | # see Serbia and Montenegro |
28f540f4 RM |
705 | |
706 | # Bulgaria | |
a7123f0e | 707 | # |
6c49b464 | 708 | # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
a7123f0e UD |
709 | # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: |
710 | # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... | |
711 | # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October | |
712 | # | |
28f540f4 | 713 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 714 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 715 | Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 716 | Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
717 | Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - |
718 | Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - | |
719 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
720 | Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c | 721 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? |
28f540f4 | 722 | 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 |
569c558c | 723 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 |
28f540f4 | 724 | 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 |
569c558c | 725 | 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 |
8a523922 | 726 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
a7123f0e UD |
727 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
728 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
729 | |
730 | # Croatia | |
c6289757 | 731 | # see Serbia and Montenegro |
28f540f4 | 732 | |
d1091a21 | 733 | # Cyprus |
792dcd77 | 734 | # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. |
d1091a21 | 735 | |
28f540f4 RM |
736 | # Czech Republic |
737 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 738 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 739 | Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 740 | Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 741 | Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
742 | Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S |
743 | Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
744 | Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
745 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
746 | Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 | |
569c558c UD |
747 | 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time |
748 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s | |
749 | 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 | |
750 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 751 | |
ae828bc6 | 752 | # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland |
e946ea2f UD |
753 | |
754 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): | |
755 | # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law | |
756 | # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... | |
757 | # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL | |
758 | # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. | |
759 | # | |
760 | # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: | |
761 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL | |
762 | # | |
763 | # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes | |
764 | # in subsequenet decrees with the law | |
765 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL | |
766 | # | |
767 | # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have | |
768 | # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST | |
769 | # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to | |
770 | # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from | |
771 | # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know | |
772 | # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only | |
773 | # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: | |
774 | # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning | |
775 | # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which | |
776 | # was suspended on that night): | |
777 | # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL | |
778 | ||
779 | # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): | |
780 | # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between | |
781 | # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. | |
782 | ||
783 | # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): | |
784 | # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not | |
785 | # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. | |
786 | ||
28f540f4 | 787 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 788 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 789 | Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
790 | Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
791 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 792 | Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 793 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 794 | Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 795 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 796 | Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 797 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 798 | Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - |
28f540f4 | 799 | # |
28f540f4 RM |
800 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
801 | Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 | |
e946ea2f | 802 | 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT |
569c558c UD |
803 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
804 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 | |
805 | 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 | |
806 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 807 | Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn |
6c2f0507 | 808 | 0:00 - WET 1981 |
569c558c | 809 | 0:00 EU WE%sT |
8a523922 | 810 | # |
792dcd77 UD |
811 | # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): |
812 | # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in | |
813 | # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. | |
814 | # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. | |
815 | # | |
8a523922 UD |
816 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
817 | # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, | |
818 | # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU | |
819 | # rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab | |
820 | # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU | |
821 | # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. | |
822 | ||
1f5649f8 UD |
823 | # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing |
824 | # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), | |
825 | # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: | |
826 | # | |
827 | # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC | |
828 | # is according to the following time line: | |
829 | # | |
830 | # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 | |
831 | # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 | |
832 | # Scoresbysund UTC-1 | |
833 | # Danmarkshavn UTC | |
834 | # | |
835 | # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be | |
836 | # introduced. | |
837 | ||
b45b9457 | 838 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): |
c6289757 | 839 | # |
b45b9457 UD |
840 | # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at |
841 | # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have | |
842 | # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have | |
843 | # info from earlier correspondence.] | |
844 | # | |
845 | # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule | |
846 | # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight | |
847 | # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... | |
848 | # | |
849 | # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund | |
850 | # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. | |
851 | # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the | |
852 | # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th | |
853 | # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in | |
854 | # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the | |
855 | # DPC research station at Zackenberg. | |
856 | # | |
857 | # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use | |
858 | # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). | |
859 | # | |
860 | # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it | |
861 | # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time | |
862 | # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. | |
863 | # | |
864 | # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and | |
865 | # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators | |
866 | # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of | |
867 | # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be | |
868 | # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. | |
869 | ||
870 | # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): | |
871 | # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place | |
872 | # there at 2:00 AM. | |
873 | ||
874 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19): | |
1f5649f8 UD |
875 | # The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab. |
876 | # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. | |
b45b9457 UD |
877 | # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, |
878 | # so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions. | |
8a523922 UD |
879 | # |
880 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
b45b9457 UD |
881 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
882 | Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S | |
883 | Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D | |
884 | Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S | |
8a523922 UD |
885 | # |
886 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1f5649f8 UD |
887 | Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 |
888 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 | |
889 | -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 | |
890 | 0:00 - GMT | |
a133e4fa | 891 | Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit |
569c558c UD |
892 | -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
893 | -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 | |
8a523922 UD |
894 | -1:00 EU EG%sT |
895 | Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk | |
28f540f4 | 896 | -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
8a523922 | 897 | -3:00 EU WG%sT |
a133e4fa | 898 | Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base |
8a523922 | 899 | -4:00 Thule A%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
900 | |
901 | # Estonia | |
6c49b464 | 902 | # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): |
28f540f4 RM |
903 | # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards |
904 | # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, | |
905 | # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... | |
8a523922 | 906 | # |
6c49b464 | 907 | # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): |
8a523922 UD |
908 | # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, |
909 | # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] | |
910 | # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different | |
911 | # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules | |
912 | # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... | |
913 | # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on | |
914 | # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to | |
915 | # summer time next spring.'' | |
b21c5832 | 916 | |
6c49b464 | 917 | # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: |
b21c5832 AS |
918 | # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> |
919 | # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law | |
920 | # </a> | |
921 | # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between | |
922 | # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). | |
923 | # | |
924 | # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation | |
925 | # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" | |
926 | # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). | |
927 | ||
b5c6276a UD |
928 | # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) |
929 | # via Steffen Thorsen: | |
930 | # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, | |
931 | # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... | |
932 | # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European | |
933 | # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory | |
934 | # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do | |
328c5f65 | 935 | # after that. |
b5c6276a | 936 | |
bfaf0bbb UD |
937 | # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): |
938 | # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation | |
939 | # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all | |
940 | # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. | |
941 | ||
3fc2f6c8 UD |
942 | # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): |
943 | # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. | |
944 | # Now we are using again EU rules. | |
945 | # | |
946 | # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): | |
947 | # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. | |
948 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
949 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
950 | Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
951 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time |
952 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul | |
953 | 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May | |
28f540f4 | 954 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 |
8a523922 | 955 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 |
569c558c | 956 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 |
8a523922 | 957 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s |
569c558c | 958 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
b21c5832 | 959 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
bfaf0bbb | 960 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 |
3fc2f6c8 UD |
961 | 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 |
962 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
963 | |
964 | # Finland | |
965 | # | |
6c49b464 | 966 | # From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): |
28f540f4 RM |
967 | # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, |
968 | # and it's supposed to change at 4am... | |
969 | # | |
6c49b464 | 970 | # From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994): |
28f540f4 RM |
971 | # Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. |
972 | # Go with Strang instead. | |
973 | # | |
974 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 975 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
976 | Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
977 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
978 | Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 | |
569c558c UD |
979 | 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time |
980 | 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 | |
981 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 982 | |
d1091a21 UD |
983 | # Aaland Is |
984 | Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn | |
985 | ||
986 | ||
28f540f4 | 987 | # France |
328c5f65 UD |
988 | |
989 | # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): | |
990 | # | |
991 | # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions | |
992 | # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 | |
993 | # | |
994 | # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, | |
995 | # Paris, 1991 | |
996 | # | |
997 | # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, | |
998 | # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 | |
999 | ||
1000 | ||
569c558c | 1001 | # |
28f540f4 | 1002 | # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. |
28f540f4 | 1003 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1004 | Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
74015205 | 1005 | Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1006 | Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
1007 | Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1008 | Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1009 | Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1010 | Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1011 | Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1012 | Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1013 | Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
b21c5832 AS |
1014 | # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st |
1015 | # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions | |
1016 | # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. | |
28f540f4 | 1017 | Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1018 | Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S |
1019 | Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1020 | Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1021 | Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1022 | Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1023 | Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1024 | Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1025 | Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1026 | Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1027 | Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1028 | Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1029 | Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1030 | Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1031 | Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1032 | Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1033 | Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1034 | Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1035 | Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1036 | Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
328c5f65 UD |
1037 | # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes |
1038 | # that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. | |
1039 | # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, | |
1040 | # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La | |
1041 | # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, | |
1042 | # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, | |
1043 | # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, | |
1044 | # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). | |
e3e4e463 | 1045 | Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
74015205 | 1046 | # Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, |
6c49b464 | 1047 | # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), |
74015205 UD |
1048 | # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes |
1049 | # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. | |
1050 | Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 1051 | Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1052 | Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1053 | Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M |
74015205 | 1054 | Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1055 | Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1056 | Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1057 | Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M |
28f540f4 | 1058 | Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
74015205 UD |
1059 | # Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; |
1060 | # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. | |
1061 | Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S | |
1062 | Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - | |
a5570f62 RM |
1063 | # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, |
1064 | # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. | |
1065 | # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based | |
1066 | # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. | |
28f540f4 | 1067 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
74015205 | 1068 | Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 |
328c5f65 UD |
1069 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT |
1070 | # Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. | |
74015205 | 1071 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 |
328c5f65 UD |
1072 | # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; |
1073 | # go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1074 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 |
74015205 | 1075 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
569c558c UD |
1076 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 |
1077 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1078 | |
1079 | # Germany | |
569c558c | 1080 | |
6c49b464 | 1081 | # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): |
e3e4e463 UD |
1082 | # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische |
1083 | # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. | |
c6289757 UD |
1084 | # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1085 | ||
1086 | # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): | |
1087 | # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a | |
1088 | # href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> | |
1089 | # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. | |
1090 | ||
1091 | # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): | |
1092 | # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> | |
1093 | # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. | |
1094 | # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so | |
1095 | # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. | |
1096 | ||
e3e4e463 | 1097 | |
28f540f4 | 1098 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1099 | Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
c6289757 UD |
1100 | Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer |
1101 | Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1102 | Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1103 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 UD |
1104 | Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - |
1105 | Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 1106 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1107 | Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c UD |
1108 | Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S |
1109 | Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1110 | Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1111 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1112 | Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr | |
569c558c UD |
1113 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1114 | 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 | |
1115 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1116 | |
792dcd77 UD |
1117 | # Georgia |
1118 | # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. | |
1119 | # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) | |
1120 | # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. | |
1121 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1122 | # Gibraltar |
1123 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1124 | Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 | |
1125 | 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 | |
569c558c UD |
1126 | 1:00 - CET 1982 |
1127 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1128 | |
1129 | # Greece | |
28f540f4 | 1130 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
28f540f4 | 1131 | # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. |
569c558c | 1132 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1133 | Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - |
1134 | # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1135 | Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1136 | # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. |
1137 | Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1138 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1139 | Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
1140 | # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1141 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1142 | Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1143 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1144 | Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1145 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1146 | Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1147 | Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1148 | Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - |
1149 | Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1150 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1151 | Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1152 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1153 | Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
1154 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1155 | Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 | |
569c558c UD |
1156 | 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT |
1157 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 | |
1158 | 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 | |
1159 | 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 | |
1160 | # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; | |
6bc31da0 | 1161 | # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
569c558c | 1162 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1163 | |
1164 | # Hungary | |
1165 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1166 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1167 | Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1168 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1169 | Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1170 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1171 | Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1172 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1173 | Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1174 | Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1175 | Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1176 | Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S |
1177 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1178 | Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1179 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1180 | Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1181 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1182 | Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1183 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1184 | Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1185 | Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1186 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1187 | Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct | |
569c558c UD |
1188 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 |
1189 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 | |
1190 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 | |
1191 | 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s | |
1192 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1193 | |
1194 | # Iceland | |
1195 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1196 | # From Adam David (1993-11-06): |
28f540f4 RM |
1197 | # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. |
1198 | # | |
b5791037 | 1199 | # (1993-12-05): |
28f540f4 RM |
1200 | # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of |
1201 | # Iceland Almanak. | |
1202 | # | |
1203 | # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour | |
1204 | # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts | |
1205 | # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which | |
1206 | # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. | |
1207 | # | |
1208 | # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks | |
1209 | # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the | |
1210 | # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always | |
1211 | # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. | |
1212 | # | |
b5791037 | 1213 | # (1993-12-10): |
28f540f4 RM |
1214 | # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the |
1215 | # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus | |
1216 | # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. | |
1217 | # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day | |
1218 | # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. | |
1219 | # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" | |
1220 | # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it | |
569c558c | 1221 | # might mean something else (???). |
28f540f4 | 1222 | # |
6c49b464 | 1223 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
28f540f4 RM |
1224 | # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. |
1225 | # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that | |
2864e767 | 1226 | # Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. |
28f540f4 RM |
1227 | # |
1228 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c UD |
1229 | Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S |
1230 | Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - | |
1231 | Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - | |
1232 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S | |
1233 | Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - | |
1234 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S | |
1235 | Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - | |
1236 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1237 | Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - | |
1238 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1239 | Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 1240 | # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter |
569c558c UD |
1241 | Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
1242 | Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 | 1243 | # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter |
569c558c | 1244 | Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1245 | # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week |
569c558c UD |
1246 | Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - |
1247 | Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - | |
1248 | Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1249 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1250 | Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 | |
569c558c UD |
1251 | -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? |
1252 | -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s | |
28f540f4 RM |
1253 | 0:00 - GMT |
1254 | ||
1255 | # Italy | |
569c558c | 1256 | # |
328c5f65 UD |
1257 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): |
1258 | # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, | |
1f5649f8 | 1259 | # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). |
328c5f65 UD |
1260 | # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. |
1261 | # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, | |
1262 | # so record only the time in Rome. | |
1263 | # | |
dfe1754a RM |
1264 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): |
1265 | # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri | |
328c5f65 | 1266 | # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> |
ae828bc6 | 1267 | # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) |
74015205 UD |
1268 | # </a> |
1269 | # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute | |
1270 | # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: | |
dfe1754a | 1271 | # |
ffee1316 | 1272 | # year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: |
dfe1754a RM |
1273 | # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W |
1274 | # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1275 | # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S | |
1276 | # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W | |
1277 | # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S | |
1278 | # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W | |
1279 | # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S | |
1280 | # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1281 | # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S | |
1282 | # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
569c558c | 1283 | # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) |
dfe1754a RM |
1284 | # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
1285 | # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s | |
1286 | # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S | |
1287 | # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S | |
1288 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1289 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1290 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1291 | Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1292 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1293 | Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1294 | Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1295 | Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1296 | Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S |
1297 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S | |
dfe1754a | 1298 | Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1299 | Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1300 | Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1301 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S |
dfe1754a | 1302 | Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1303 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1304 | Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1305 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1306 | Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1307 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1308 | Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1309 | Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1310 | Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1311 | Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
1312 | Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1313 | Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1314 | Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1315 | Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
1316 | Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1317 | Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1318 | Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1319 | Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S |
1320 | Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1321 | Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1322 | Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S |
1323 | Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1324 | Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
1325 | Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - | |
1326 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1327 | Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 | |
569c558c UD |
1328 | 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time |
1329 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s | |
1330 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul | |
1331 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 | |
1332 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
6c2f0507 RM |
1333 | |
1334 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican | |
1335 | Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino | |
28f540f4 RM |
1336 | |
1337 | # Latvia | |
2b79b6d5 | 1338 | |
6c49b464 | 1339 | # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1340 | |
1341 | # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy | |
1342 | # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the | |
1343 | # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about | |
1344 | # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... | |
1345 | # | |
1346 | # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... | |
1347 | # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 | |
1348 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning | |
1349 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) | |
1350 | # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). | |
1351 | # | |
1352 | # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... | |
1353 | # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 | |
1354 | # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning | |
1355 | # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 | |
1356 | # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of | |
1357 | # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). | |
1358 | # | |
1359 | # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... | |
1360 | # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 | |
1361 | # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, | |
1362 | # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the | |
1363 | # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia | |
1364 | # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 | |
1365 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of | |
1366 | # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 | |
1367 | # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is | |
1368 | # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... | |
1369 | # | |
1370 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of | |
1371 | # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of | |
1372 | # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. | |
1373 | ||
30b416ea UD |
1374 | # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): |
1375 | # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in | |
1376 | # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> | |
1377 | # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of | |
1378 | # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). | |
1379 | ||
328c5f65 UD |
1380 | # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> |
1381 | # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: | |
1382 | # </a> | |
1383 | # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will | |
1384 | # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. | |
1385 | # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their | |
1386 | # clocks one hour in the spring.... | |
1387 | # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few | |
1388 | # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European | |
1389 | # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving | |
1390 | # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government | |
1391 | # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it | |
1392 | # appears that they will not do so.... | |
1393 | ||
8a523922 | 1394 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1395 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
1396 | Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1397 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1398 | Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1399 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time |
1400 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer | |
1401 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 | |
1402 | 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 | |
1403 | 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 | |
28f540f4 | 1404 | 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 |
8a523922 | 1405 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul |
2b79b6d5 | 1406 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1407 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s |
1408 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s | |
1409 | 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 | |
30b416ea | 1410 | 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 |
921a93b9 | 1411 | 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 |
328c5f65 | 1412 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1413 | |
1414 | # Liechtenstein | |
1415 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1416 | Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun | |
569c558c UD |
1417 | 1:00 - CET 1981 |
1418 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1419 | |
1420 | # Lithuania | |
b5c6276a UD |
1421 | |
1422 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): | |
1423 | # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is | |
1424 | # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. | |
1425 | ||
6c49b464 | 1426 | # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): |
b5c6276a UD |
1427 | # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone |
1428 | # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. | |
1429 | ||
1430 | # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), | |
1431 | # via Steffen Thorsen: | |
1432 | # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) | |
1433 | # to be valid here starting from October 31, | |
1434 | # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... | |
1435 | # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a | |
1436 | # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was | |
328c5f65 | 1437 | # already done by Estonia. |
b5c6276a | 1438 | |
3459f702 UD |
1439 | # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> |
1440 | # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism | |
1441 | # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. | |
1442 | ||
c6289757 UD |
1443 | # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): |
1444 | # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will | |
1445 | # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid | |
1446 | # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its | |
1447 | # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of | |
1448 | # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at | |
1449 | # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm | |
1450 | ||
1451 | ||
28f540f4 RM |
1452 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1453 | Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1454 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1455 | 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time | |
1456 | 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 | |
28f540f4 | 1457 | 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 |
569c558c | 1458 | 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 |
8a523922 | 1459 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 |
569c558c | 1460 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug |
8a523922 | 1461 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
569c558c | 1462 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
2b79b6d5 UD |
1463 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 |
1464 | 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u | |
b5c6276a | 1465 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
c6289757 UD |
1466 | 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 |
1467 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
f81d98d6 | 1468 | |
28f540f4 RM |
1469 | # Luxembourg |
1470 | # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. | |
1471 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1472 | Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1473 | Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1474 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1475 | Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1476 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1477 | Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1478 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1479 | Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1480 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1481 | Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1482 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1483 | Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1484 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1485 | Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1486 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1487 | Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1488 | Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1489 | Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1490 | Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
1491 | Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S | |
1492 | Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S | |
1493 | Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S | |
1494 | Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1495 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1496 | Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun | |
569c558c UD |
1497 | 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 |
1498 | 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s | |
1499 | 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 | |
1500 | 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 | |
1501 | 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 | |
1502 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1503 | |
1504 | # Macedonia | |
c6289757 | 1505 | # see Serbia and Montenegro |
28f540f4 RM |
1506 | |
1507 | # Malta | |
1508 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
569c558c | 1509 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1510 | Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1511 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1512 | Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1513 | Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1514 | Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1515 | Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1516 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1517 | Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta | |
569c558c UD |
1518 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1519 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s | |
1520 | 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 | |
1521 | 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 | |
1522 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1523 | |
1524 | # Moldova | |
328c5f65 UD |
1525 | |
1526 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): | |
1527 | # A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that | |
1528 | # Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. | |
1529 | # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence | |
1530 | # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). | |
1531 | # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area | |
1532 | # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. | |
6c49b464 | 1533 | # But [two people] separately reported via |
328c5f65 UD |
1534 | # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. |
1535 | # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. | |
1536 | ||
28f540f4 | 1537 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
e48492ae UD |
1538 | Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 |
1539 | 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT | |
1540 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT | |
1541 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 | |
1542 | 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 | |
1543 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 | |
1544 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
1545 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 | |
1546 | 2:00 - EET 1991 | |
1547 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 | |
2864e767 | 1548 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
e48492ae | 1549 | # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. |
2864e767 | 1550 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1551 | |
1552 | # Monaco | |
a5570f62 | 1553 | # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. |
28f540f4 RM |
1554 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1555 | Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 | |
a5570f62 | 1556 | 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1557 | 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
1558 | 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 | |
1559 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1560 | |
1561 | # Netherlands | |
289ac9dd | 1562 | |
a5570f62 RM |
1563 | # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, |
1564 | # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. | |
289ac9dd UD |
1565 | |
1566 | # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): | |
1567 | # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 | |
1568 | # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including | |
1569 | # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time | |
1570 | # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the | |
1571 | # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was | |
1572 | # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. | |
1573 | # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and | |
1574 | # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). | |
1575 | # | |
1576 | # (2001-04-08): | |
1577 | # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to | |
1578 | # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common | |
1579 | # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. | |
1580 | # | |
1581 | # (2001-04-09): | |
1582 | # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the | |
1583 | # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe | |
1584 | # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was | |
1585 | # actually followed. | |
1586 | # | |
1587 | # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to | |
1588 | # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of | |
1589 | # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most | |
1590 | # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically | |
1591 | # adopted Amsterdam mean time. | |
1592 | # | |
1593 | # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety | |
1594 | # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it | |
1595 | # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe | |
1596 | # Amsterdam mean time. | |
1597 | ||
1598 | # The data before 1945 are taken from | |
99ee5970 | 1599 | # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. |
289ac9dd | 1600 | |
28f540f4 | 1601 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
99ee5970 UD |
1602 | Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
1603 | Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time | |
28f540f4 RM |
1604 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1605 | Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT | |
28f540f4 | 1606 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
289ac9dd | 1607 | Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT |
99ee5970 | 1608 | Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
569c558c | 1609 | Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT |
99ee5970 UD |
1610 | Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1611 | Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1612 | Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
289ac9dd UD |
1613 | # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week |
1614 | # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. | |
28f540f4 RM |
1615 | Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1616 | Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1617 | Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
1618 | Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST | |
569c558c UD |
1619 | Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
1620 | Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
1621 | Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
1622 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S | |
99ee5970 | 1623 | Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
289ac9dd UD |
1624 | # |
1625 | # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted | |
1626 | # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. | |
28f540f4 | 1627 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd UD |
1628 | Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 |
1629 | 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 | |
1f5649f8 | 1630 | 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time |
569c558c UD |
1631 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1632 | 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 | |
1633 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1634 | |
1635 | # Norway | |
e946ea2f | 1636 | # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks. |
28f540f4 | 1637 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1638 | Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1639 | Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1640 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1641 | Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1642 | Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1643 | Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1644 | Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1645 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd | 1646 | Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 |
569c558c UD |
1647 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 |
1648 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 | |
1649 | 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 | |
1650 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
ae828bc6 UD |
1651 | |
1652 | # Svalbard & Jan Mayen | |
289ac9dd UD |
1653 | |
1654 | # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): | |
1655 | # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and | |
1656 | # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the | |
1657 | # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared | |
1658 | # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan | |
1659 | # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From | |
1660 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and | |
1661 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation | |
1662 | # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came | |
1663 | # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a | |
1664 | # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From | |
1665 | # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been | |
1666 | # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) | |
1667 | # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by | |
1668 | # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever | |
1669 | # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since | |
1670 | # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere | |
1671 | # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). | |
1672 | ||
1673 | # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): | |
1674 | # | |
1675 | # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, | |
792dcd77 | 1676 | # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
289ac9dd UD |
1677 | # keeping Berlin time. |
1678 | # | |
1679 | # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists | |
1680 | # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in | |
1681 | # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite | |
1682 | # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a | |
1683 | # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly | |
1684 | # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that | |
1685 | # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. | |
1686 | # | |
1687 | # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an | |
1688 | # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says | |
1689 | # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ | |
1690 | # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were | |
1691 | # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, | |
1692 | # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) | |
792dcd77 | 1693 | # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> |
289ac9dd UD |
1694 | # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named |
1695 | # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. | |
1696 | # | |
1697 | # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can | |
1698 | # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the | |
1699 | # war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: | |
569c558c | 1700 | Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen |
289ac9dd | 1701 | Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen |
28f540f4 RM |
1702 | |
1703 | # Poland | |
28f540f4 RM |
1704 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1705 | Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 1706 | Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1707 | # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. |
1708 | Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - | |
1709 | # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1710 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1711 | Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
e946ea2f UD |
1712 | # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
1713 | # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., | |
1714 | # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> | |
1715 | # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. | |
1716 | # He also gives these further references: | |
1717 | # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> | |
1718 | # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> | |
1719 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S | |
1720 | Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - | |
1721 | Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1722 | Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | |
1723 | Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S | |
1724 | Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S | |
569c558c | 1725 | Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1726 | Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1727 | Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S |
1728 | Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1729 | Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1730 | Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S |
e946ea2f | 1731 | Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1732 | Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
1733 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
1734 | Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
1735 | 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1736 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 | |
1737 | 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun | |
1738 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 | |
1739 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct | |
e946ea2f UD |
1740 | 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 |
1741 | 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 | |
38c097ca | 1742 | 1:00 EU CE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
1743 | |
1744 | # Portugal | |
8a523922 | 1745 | # |
6c49b464 | 1746 | # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): |
8a523922 UD |
1747 | # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone |
1748 | # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. | |
1749 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1750 | # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve |
8a523922 UD |
1751 | # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. |
1752 | # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. | |
1753 | # | |
1754 | # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): | |
1755 | # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions | |
1756 | # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. | |
1757 | # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. | |
1758 | # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. | |
1759 | # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal | |
1760 | # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. | |
1761 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1762 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
b21c5832 AS |
1763 | # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not |
1764 | # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. | |
1765 | # Go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1766 | Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1767 | # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. |
1768 | Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 1769 | Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1770 | Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1771 | Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
1772 | Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1773 | Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1774 | Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1775 | Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1776 | Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1777 | Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1778 | Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1779 | Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
1780 | Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1781 | Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1782 | Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1783 | # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. |
1784 | Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 1785 | Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1786 | # Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. |
569c558c | 1787 | Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1788 | # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. |
1789 | Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | |
1790 | # Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. | |
569c558c UD |
1791 | Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S |
1792 | Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1793 | # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. |
569c558c UD |
1794 | Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S |
1795 | Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S | |
1796 | Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 RM |
1797 | # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. |
1798 | Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 1799 | Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1800 | # Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. |
1801 | Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
1802 | Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
1803 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S | |
e3e4e463 | 1804 | Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c | 1805 | Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1806 | Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - |
e3e4e463 | 1807 | Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1808 | Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 1809 | Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c | 1810 | Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1811 | Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1812 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1813 | Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
1814 | # Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. | |
1815 | # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 1816 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1817 | Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1818 | Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1819 | Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c | 1820 | Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
1821 | Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
1822 | Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
1823 | Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
1824 | Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S | |
1825 | Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1826 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
921a93b9 UD |
1827 | # Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; |
1828 | # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. | |
28f540f4 | 1829 | Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 |
921a93b9 | 1830 | -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1831 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 |
1832 | 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 | |
1833 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
8a523922 | 1834 | 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
569c558c UD |
1835 | 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u |
1836 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1837 | Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada |
1f5649f8 | 1838 | -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1839 | -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time |
1840 | -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
8a523922 UD |
1841 | -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
1842 | 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u | |
1843 | -1:00 EU AZO%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1844 | Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal |
1f5649f8 | 1845 | -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time |
569c558c UD |
1846 | -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time |
1847 | 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s | |
1848 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 1849 | |
28f540f4 | 1850 | # Romania |
2864e767 UD |
1851 | # |
1852 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): | |
1853 | # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> | |
1854 | # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at | |
1855 | # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, | |
1856 | # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, | |
1857 | # the same year as Bulgaria. | |
1858 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1859 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 1860 | Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1861 | Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
1862 | Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S |
1863 | Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 1864 | Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 1865 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 1866 | Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
8a523922 UD |
1867 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S |
1868 | Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
1869 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1870 | Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct | |
569c558c UD |
1871 | 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT |
1872 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s | |
8a523922 UD |
1873 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
1874 | 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 | |
2864e767 UD |
1875 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 |
1876 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
1877 | |
1878 | # Russia | |
6bc31da0 | 1879 | |
6c49b464 | 1880 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12): |
e48492ae | 1881 | # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. |
8a523922 | 1882 | # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
e48492ae UD |
1883 | # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow |
1884 | # Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. | |
8a523922 | 1885 | # |
6c49b464 | 1886 | # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): |
1f5649f8 UD |
1887 | # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! |
1888 | # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; | |
1889 | # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching | |
1890 | # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. | |
1891 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1892 | # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
8a523922 | 1893 | # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
d1091a21 | 1894 | # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... |
8a523922 UD |
1895 | # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor |
1896 | # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. | |
1897 | # | |
6c49b464 | 1898 | # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): |
8a523922 UD |
1899 | # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from |
1900 | # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... | |
1901 | # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. | |
28f540f4 | 1902 | # |
328c5f65 UD |
1903 | # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from |
1904 | # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): | |
1905 | # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was | |
1906 | # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with | |
1907 | # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began | |
1908 | # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. | |
1909 | # | |
1f5649f8 UD |
1910 | # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): |
1911 | # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in | |
1912 | # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the | |
1913 | # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan | |
1914 | # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok | |
1915 | # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are | |
1916 | # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have | |
1917 | # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. | |
1918 | # | |
28f540f4 | 1919 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1f5649f8 UD |
1920 | # |
1921 | # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. | |
289ac9dd | 1922 | Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr |
8a523922 | 1923 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
e48492ae | 1924 | 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 |
8a523922 | 1925 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
8a523922 | 1926 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
1927 | # |
1928 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
1929 | # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast', | |
1930 | # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', | |
1931 | # Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', | |
1932 | # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, | |
1933 | # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, | |
1934 | # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, | |
1935 | # Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi, | |
1936 | # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', | |
1937 | # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, | |
1938 | # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', | |
1939 | # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, | |
1940 | # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', | |
1941 | # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', | |
1942 | # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast', | |
1943 | # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', | |
1944 | # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, | |
1945 | # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', | |
1946 | # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', | |
1947 | # Yaroslavskaya oblast' | |
28f540f4 | 1948 | Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
1949 | 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time |
1950 | 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 | |
8a523922 | 1951 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct |
28f540f4 | 1952 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
8a523922 | 1953 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 1954 | 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
8a523922 | 1955 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
1f5649f8 UD |
1956 | # |
1957 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
1958 | # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika | |
e48492ae UD |
1959 | Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
1960 | 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev | |
1961 | 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s | |
1962 | 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
1963 | 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s | |
1964 | 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 | |
1965 | 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time | |
1f5649f8 UD |
1966 | # |
1967 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
1968 | # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, | |
1969 | # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', | |
1970 | # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', | |
1971 | # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', | |
1972 | # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
e48492ae UD |
1973 | Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 |
1974 | 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time | |
569c558c | 1975 | 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 1976 | 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 1977 | 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
1f5649f8 UD |
1978 | # |
1979 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
1980 | # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. | |
e48492ae UD |
1981 | Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 |
1982 | 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme | |
569c558c | 1983 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 1984 | 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 1985 | 6:00 Russia OMS%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
1986 | # |
1987 | # Novosibirskaya oblast'. | |
e48492ae UD |
1988 | Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 |
1989 | 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time | |
569c558c | 1990 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae UD |
1991 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
1992 | 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks | |
569c558c | 1993 | 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
1994 | # |
1995 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
1996 | # Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, | |
1997 | # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast', | |
1998 | # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
e48492ae UD |
1999 | Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 |
2000 | 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time | |
569c558c | 2001 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2002 | 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2003 | 7:00 Russia KRA%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2004 | # |
2005 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2006 | # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', | |
2007 | # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
28f540f4 | 2008 | Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
2009 | 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time |
2010 | 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time | |
569c558c | 2011 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2012 | 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2013 | 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
1f5649f8 | 2014 | # |
d1091a21 | 2015 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 UD |
2016 | # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', |
2017 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. | |
d1091a21 UD |
2018 | # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, |
2019 | # Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, | |
2020 | # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, | |
2021 | # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij, | |
2022 | # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, | |
2023 | # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij. | |
e48492ae UD |
2024 | Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
2025 | 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time | |
569c558c | 2026 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2027 | 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2028 | 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
1f5649f8 | 2029 | # |
d1091a21 | 2030 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 UD |
2031 | # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, |
2032 | # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). | |
d1091a21 UD |
2033 | # The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, |
2034 | # Ust'-Yanskij. | |
e48492ae UD |
2035 | Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 |
2036 | 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time | |
569c558c | 2037 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2038 | 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2039 | 10:00 Russia VLA%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2040 | # |
2041 | # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. | |
2042 | # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. | |
2043 | Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 | |
2044 | 9:00 - CJT 1938 | |
2045 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 | |
2046 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. | |
2047 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | |
2048 | 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s | |
2049 | 10:00 Russia SAK%sT | |
2050 | # | |
d1091a21 | 2051 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
1f5649f8 | 2052 | # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
d1091a21 UD |
2053 | # Probably also: Kuril Islands. |
2054 | # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij, | |
2055 | # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij. | |
28f540f4 | 2056 | Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
e48492ae | 2057 | 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
569c558c | 2058 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2059 | 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2060 | 11:00 Russia MAG%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2061 | # |
2062 | # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | |
2063 | # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. | |
2064 | # | |
2065 | # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. | |
e48492ae UD |
2066 | Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 |
2067 | 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time | |
569c558c | 2068 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
e48492ae | 2069 | 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
569c558c | 2070 | 12:00 Russia PET%sT |
1f5649f8 UD |
2071 | # |
2072 | # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug | |
28f540f4 | 2073 | Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
e48492ae UD |
2074 | 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time |
2075 | 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s | |
2076 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | |
2077 | 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | |
2078 | 12:00 Russia ANA%sT | |
28f540f4 | 2079 | |
c6289757 UD |
2080 | # Serbia and Montenegro |
2081 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
2082 | Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 | |
2083 | 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 | |
2084 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s | |
2085 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s | |
6c49b464 | 2086 | # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of |
c6289757 UD |
2087 | # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. |
2088 | # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. | |
2089 | 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 | |
2090 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
2091 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia | |
2092 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
2093 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia | |
2094 | Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia | |
2095 | ||
a5570f62 RM |
2096 | # Slovakia |
2097 | Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava | |
28f540f4 RM |
2098 | |
2099 | # Slovenia | |
c6289757 | 2100 | # see Serbia and Montenegro |
28f540f4 RM |
2101 | |
2102 | # Spain | |
2103 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
28f540f4 | 2104 | # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. |
569c558c | 2105 | Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2106 | Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2107 | Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
2108 | Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2109 | # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. |
569c558c | 2110 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
2111 | # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. |
2112 | Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c | 2113 | Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
2114 | # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. |
2115 | Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | |
569c558c UD |
2116 | Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S |
2117 | Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S | |
2118 | Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2119 | # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. |
569c558c | 2120 | Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2121 | Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2122 | Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
2123 | Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S | |
2124 | Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2125 | # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. |
e3e4e463 | 2126 | Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer |
569c558c | 2127 | Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S |
e3e4e463 | 2128 | Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M |
569c558c UD |
2129 | Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S |
2130 | Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S | |
2131 | Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S | |
a5570f62 | 2132 | Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2133 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2134 | Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2135 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2136 | Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2137 | Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2138 | Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2139 | Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2140 | Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2141 | # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. |
2142 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S | |
2143 | Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | |
2144 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S | |
2145 | Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - | |
2146 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S | |
2147 | Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - | |
2148 | Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - | |
2149 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S | |
2150 | Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - | |
28f540f4 RM |
2151 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2152 | Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 | |
569c558c UD |
2153 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 |
2154 | 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 | |
2155 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
2156 | Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 | |
2157 | 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 | |
2158 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 | |
2159 | 0:00 - WET 1924 | |
2160 | 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 | |
2161 | 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 | |
2162 | 1:00 - CET 1986 | |
2163 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 | 2164 | Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. |
569c558c | 2165 | -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time |
28f540f4 | 2166 | 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s |
569c558c UD |
2167 | 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s |
2168 | 0:00 EU WE%sT | |
8a523922 UD |
2169 | # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. |
2170 | # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. | |
28f540f4 RM |
2171 | |
2172 | # Sweden | |
289ac9dd UD |
2173 | |
2174 | # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks: | |
2175 | # | |
2176 | # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: | |
2177 | # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all | |
2178 | # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at | |
2179 | # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the | |
2180 | # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. | |
2181 | # | |
2182 | # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" | |
2183 | # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the | |
2184 | # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... | |
2185 | # | |
2186 | # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk | |
2187 | # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning | |
2188 | # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at | |
2189 | # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English | |
2190 | # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west | |
2191 | # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated | |
2192 | # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time | |
2193 | # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. | |
2194 | # | |
2195 | # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states | |
2196 | # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is | |
2197 | # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... | |
2198 | # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". | |
2199 | # | |
2200 | # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish | |
2201 | # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are | |
2202 | # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available | |
2203 | # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type | |
2204 | # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click | |
2205 | # the Sok-button). | |
2206 | # | |
2207 | # (2001-05-13): | |
2208 | # | |
2209 | # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 | |
2210 | # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show | |
2211 | # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some | |
2212 | # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already | |
2213 | # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another | |
2214 | # hour before the event took place. | |
2215 | # | |
2216 | # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. | |
2217 | ||
28f540f4 | 2218 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
289ac9dd UD |
2219 | Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 |
2220 | 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time | |
2221 | 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 | |
2222 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 | |
569c558c UD |
2223 | 1:00 - CET 1980 |
2224 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
2225 | |
2226 | # Switzerland | |
b9f1792a | 2227 | # From Howse: |
28f540f4 RM |
2228 | # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace |
2229 | # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep | |
2230 | # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... | |
2231 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | |
28f540f4 | 2232 | # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): |
569c558c | 2233 | Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S |
6c2f0507 | 2234 | Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - |
2864e767 | 2235 | # From Shanks: |
569c558c | 2236 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
6c2f0507 | 2237 | Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
28f540f4 RM |
2238 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2239 | Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 | |
569c558c UD |
2240 | 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
2241 | 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 | |
2242 | 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
2243 | |
2244 | # Turkey | |
28f540f4 | 2245 | # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
569c558c | 2246 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2247 | Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2248 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2249 | Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2250 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2251 | Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2252 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
2253 | Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
2254 | # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. | |
569c558c | 2255 | Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2256 | Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2257 | Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
569c558c | 2258 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2259 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2260 | Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2261 | Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2262 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
2263 | # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. |
2264 | Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - | |
569c558c | 2265 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2266 | Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2267 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2268 | Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2269 | Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2270 | Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2271 | Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S |
2272 | Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S | |
2273 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2274 | Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2275 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2276 | Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2277 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2278 | Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2279 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2280 | Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2281 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2282 | Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2283 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2284 | Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2285 | Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2286 | Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2287 | Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
2288 | Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2289 | Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2290 | Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 | 2291 | Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - |
569c558c UD |
2292 | Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S |
2293 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S | |
28f540f4 | 2294 | Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
569c558c | 2295 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S |
28f540f4 RM |
2296 | Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
2297 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | |
2298 | Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 | |
569c558c UD |
2299 | 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? |
2300 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 | |
2301 | 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time | |
2302 | 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 | |
8a523922 UD |
2303 | 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
2304 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
28f540f4 RM |
2305 | Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. |
2306 | ||
2307 | # Ukraine | |
c6289757 UD |
2308 | # |
2309 | # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, | |
2310 | # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): | |
2311 | # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment | |
2312 | # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: | |
2313 | # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday | |
2314 | # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of | |
2315 | # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" | |
2316 | ||
28f540f4 | 2317 | # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
e48492ae | 2318 | # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. |
28f540f4 | 2319 | Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae UD |
2320 | 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time |
2321 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | |
2322 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 | |
2323 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 | |
2324 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2325 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2326 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
2327 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
2328 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
2329 | # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. | |
2330 | Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct | |
2331 | 1:00 - CET 1940 | |
2332 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct | |
2333 | 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 | |
2334 | 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 | |
2335 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2336 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2337 | 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 | |
2338 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
2339 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
2340 | 2:00 EU EE%sT | |
2341 | # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. | |
2342 | # Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. | |
2343 | Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 | |
2344 | 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T | |
28f540f4 | 2345 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
e48492ae UD |
2346 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 |
2347 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 | |
2348 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 | |
2349 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 | |
8a523922 | 2350 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
e48492ae | 2351 | # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. |
28f540f4 | 2352 | Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
e48492ae | 2353 | 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T |
28f540f4 | 2354 | 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
e48492ae UD |
2355 | 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov |
2356 | 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 | |
2357 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 | |
2358 | 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 | |
2359 | 2:00 - EET 1992 | |
6c49b464 | 2360 | # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12): |
e48492ae | 2361 | # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched |
8a523922 | 2362 | # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
e48492ae UD |
2363 | # Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened |
2364 | # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. | |
2365 | 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May | |
2b79b6d5 | 2366 | # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. |
e48492ae UD |
2367 | 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s |
2368 | 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s | |
2b79b6d5 UD |
2369 | # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. |
2370 | # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. | |
89533d41 UD |
2371 | 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
2372 | 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u | |
2b79b6d5 | 2373 | 2:00 EU EE%sT |
28f540f4 RM |
2374 | |
2375 | ############################################################################### | |
2376 | ||
2377 | # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from | |
2378 | # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. | |
2379 | # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. | |
2380 | # | |
2381 | # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but | |
2382 | # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. | |
2383 | # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at | |
2384 | # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey | |
2385 | # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time | |
2386 | # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) | |
2387 | ||
2388 | # ... | |
2389 | # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 | |
6c49b464 | 2390 | # From: Tom Hofmann |
28f540f4 RM |
2391 | # ... |
2392 | # | |
2393 | # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when | |
2394 | # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only | |
2395 | # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according | |
2396 | # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on | |
2397 | # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following | |
2398 | # years... | |
2399 | # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions | |
2400 | # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST | |
2401 | # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep | |
2402 | # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. | |
2403 | # | |
2404 | # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the | |
2405 | # Soviet Union (as far as I know). | |
2406 | # | |
2407 | # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, | |
2408 | # 4002 Basle, Switzerland | |
6c49b464 | 2409 | # ... |
28f540f4 RM |
2410 | |
2411 | # ... | |
2412 | # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 | |
6c49b464 | 2413 | # From: Dik T. Winter |
28f540f4 RM |
2414 | # ... |
2415 | # | |
2416 | # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. | |
2417 | # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information | |
2418 | # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. | |
2419 | # | |
2420 | # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on | |
2421 | # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... | |
2422 | # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that | |
2423 | # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 | |
2424 | # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in | |
2425 | # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch | |
2426 | # dates... | |
2427 | # | |
2428 | # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. | |
2429 | # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... | |
2430 | # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not | |
2431 | # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations | |
2432 | # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always | |
2433 | # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the | |
2434 | # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours | |
2435 | # in advance of normal time. | |
2436 | # | |
2437 | # ... | |
2438 | # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland | |
6c49b464 | 2439 | # ... |
28f540f4 | 2440 | |
b5791037 | 2441 | # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): |
28f540f4 RM |
2442 | # ... |
2443 | # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). | |
2444 | # Since 1978. Change at midnight. | |
2445 | # ... | |
2446 | # Monaco: has same DST as France. | |
2447 | # ... |