4 This document describes installation on all supported operating
5 systems (the Unix/Linux family (which includes Mac OS/X), OpenVMS,
8 To install OpenSSL, you will need:
10 * A make implementation
11 * Perl 5 with core modules (please read NOTES.PERL)
12 * The perl module Text::Template (please read NOTES.PERL)
14 * a development environment in the form of development libraries and C
16 * a supported operating system
18 For additional platform specific requirements, solutions to specific
19 issues and other details, please read one of these:
21 * NOTES.UNIX (any supported Unix like system)
23 * NOTES.WIN (any supported Windows)
24 * NOTES.DJGPP (DOS platform with DJGPP)
25 * NOTES.ANDROID (obviously Android [NDK])
27 Notational conventions in this document
28 ---------------------------------------
30 Throughout this document, we use the following conventions in command
33 $ command Any line starting with a dollar sign
34 ($) is a command line.
36 { word1 | word2 | word3 } This denotes a mandatory choice, to be
37 replaced with one of the given words.
38 A simple example would be this:
40 $ echo { FOO | BAR | COOKIE }
42 which is to be understood as one of
51 [ word1 | word2 | word3 ] Similar to { word1 | word2 | word3 }
52 except it's optional to give any of
53 those. In addition to the examples
54 above, this would also be valid:
58 {{ target }} This denotes a mandatory word or
59 sequence of words of some sort. A
60 simple example would be this:
64 which is to be understood to use the
65 command 'type' on some file name
66 determined by the user.
68 [[ options ]] Similar to {{ target }}, but is
71 Note that the notation assumes spaces around {, }, [, ], {{, }} and
72 [[, ]]. This is to differentiate from OpenVMS directory
73 specifications, which also use [ and ], but without spaces.
78 If you want to just get on with it, do:
80 on Unix (again, this includes Mac OS/X):
94 on Windows (only pick one of the targets for configuration):
96 $ perl Configure { VC-WIN32 | VC-WIN64A | VC-WIN64I | VC-CE }
101 If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.
103 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:
105 Unix: normal installation directories under /usr/local
106 OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
107 OpenSSL version number with underscores instead of periods.
108 Windows: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
110 If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:
114 $ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl
118 $ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]
120 (Note: if you do add options to the configuration command, please make sure
121 you've read more than just this Quick Start, such as relevant NOTES.* files,
122 the options outline below, as configuration options may change the outcome
123 in otherwise unexpected ways)
126 Configuration Options
127 ---------------------
129 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
130 the build (note that for Windows, the defaults for --prefix and
131 --openssldir depend in what configuration is used and what Windows
132 implementation OpenSSL is built on. More notes on this in NOTES.WIN):
135 Don't build with support for deprecated APIs below the
136 specified version number. For example "--api=1.1.0" will
137 remove support for all APIS that were deprecated in OpenSSL
138 version 1.1.0 or below.
140 --cross-compile-prefix=PREFIX
141 The PREFIX to include in front of commands for your
142 toolchain. It's likely to have to end with dash, e.g.
143 a-b-c- would invoke GNU compiler as a-b-c-gcc, etc.
144 Unfortunately cross-compiling is too case-specific to
145 put together one-size-fits-all instructions. You might
146 have to pass more flags or set up environment variables
147 to actually make it work. Android and iOS cases are
148 discussed in corresponding Configurations/15-*.conf
149 files. But there are cases when this option alone is
150 sufficient. For example to build the mingw64 target on
151 Linux "--cross-compile-prefix=x86_64-w64-mingw32-"
152 works. Naturally provided that mingw packages are
153 installed. Today Debian and Ubuntu users have option to
154 install a number of prepackaged cross-compilers along
155 with corresponding run-time and development packages for
156 "alien" hardware. To give another example
157 "--cross-compile-prefix=mipsel-linux-gnu-" suffices
158 in such case. Needless to mention that you have to
159 invoke ./Configure, not ./config, and pass your target
160 name explicitly. Also, note that --openssldir refers
161 to target's file system, not one you are building on.
164 Build OpenSSL with debugging symbols and zero optimization
168 The name of the directory under the top of the installation
169 directory tree (see the --prefix option) where libraries will
170 be installed. By default this is "lib". Note that on Windows
171 only ".lib" files will be stored in this location. dll files
172 will always be installed to the "bin" directory.
175 Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
176 default certificate and key store. Defaults are:
179 Windows: C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL
180 or C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\SSL
181 OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-COMMON]
184 The top of the installation directory tree. Defaults are:
187 Windows: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL
188 or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
189 OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']
192 Build OpenSSL without debugging symbols. This is the default.
195 This is a developer flag that switches on various compiler
196 options recommended for OpenSSL development. It only works
197 when using gcc or clang as the compiler. If you are
198 developing a patch for OpenSSL then it is recommended that
199 you use this option where possible.
201 --with-zlib-include=DIR
202 The directory for the location of the zlib include file. This
203 option is only necessary if enable-zlib (see below) is used
204 and the include file is not already on the system include
208 On Unix: this is the directory containing the zlib library.
209 If not provided the system library path will be used.
210 On Windows: this is the filename of the zlib library (with or
211 without a path). This flag must be provided if the
212 zlib-dynamic option is not also used. If zlib-dynamic is used
213 then this flag is optional and a default value ("ZLIB1") is
214 used if not provided.
215 On VMS: this is the filename of the zlib library (with or
216 without a path). This flag is optional and if not provided
217 then "GNV$LIBZSHR", "GNV$LIBZSHR32" or "GNV$LIBZSHR64" is
218 used by default depending on the pointer size chosen.
221 --with-rand-seed=seed1[,seed2,...]
222 A comma separated list of seeding methods which will be tried
223 by OpenSSL in order to obtain random input (a.k.a "entropy")
224 for seeding its cryptographically secure random number
225 generator (CSPRNG). The current seeding methods are:
227 os: Use a trusted operating system entropy source.
228 This is the default method if such an entropy
230 getrandom: Use the L<getrandom(2)> or equivalent system
232 devrandom: Use the the first device from the DEVRANDOM list
233 which can be opened to read random bytes. The
234 DEVRANDOM preprocessor constant expands to
235 "/dev/urandom","/dev/random","/dev/srandom" on
236 most unix-ish operating systems.
237 egd: Check for an entropy generating daemon.
238 rdcpu: Use the RDSEED or RDRAND command if provided by
240 librandom: Use librandom (not implemented yet).
241 none: Disable automatic seeding. This is the default
242 on some operating systems where no suitable
243 entropy source exists, or no support for it is
246 For more information, see the section 'Note on random number
247 generation' at the end of this document.
250 Don't build the AFALG engine. This option will be forced if
251 on a platform that does not support AFALG.
254 Build with Kernel TLS support. This option will enable the
255 use of the Kernel TLS data-path, which can improve
256 performance and allow for the use of sendfile and splice
257 system calls on TLS sockets. The Kernel may use TLS
258 accelerators if any are available on the system.
259 This option will be forced off on systems that do not support
260 the Kernel TLS data-path.
263 Build with the Address sanitiser. This is a developer option
264 only. It may not work on all platforms and should never be
265 used in production environments. It will only work when used
266 with gcc or clang and should be used in conjunction with the
270 Do not use assembler code. This should be viewed as
271 debugging/trouble-shooting option rather than production.
272 On some platforms a small amount of assembler code may
273 still be used even with this option.
276 Do not build support for async operations.
279 Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
280 Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
281 ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
282 may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
283 This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to
284 be loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and
285 EVP_add_digest() if this option is used. This option will
286 force a non-shared build.
289 Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
290 Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable
291 error strings. For a statically linked application this may
292 be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
295 Don't automatically load the default openssl.cnf file.
296 Typically OpenSSL will automatically load a system config
297 file which configures default ssl options.
300 While testing, generate C++ buildtest files that
301 simply check that the public OpenSSL header files
302 are usable standalone with C++.
304 Enabling this option demands extra care. For any
305 compiler flag given directly as configuration
306 option, you must ensure that it's valid for both
307 the C and the C++ compiler. If not, the C++ build
308 test will most likely break. As an alternative,
309 you can use the language specific variables, CFLAGS
313 Don't build the CAPI engine. This option will be forced if
314 on a platform that does not support CAPI.
317 Don't build support for CMS features
320 Don't build support for SSL/TLS compression. If this option
321 is left enabled (the default), then compression will only
322 work if the zlib or zlib-dynamic options are also chosen.
325 Build support for debugging memory allocated via
326 OPENSSL_malloc() or OPENSSL_zalloc().
328 enable-crypto-mdebug-backtrace
329 As for crypto-mdebug, but additionally provide backtrace
330 information for allocated memory.
331 TO BE USED WITH CARE: this uses GNU C functionality, and
332 is therefore not usable for non-GNU config targets. If
333 your build complains about the use of '-rdynamic' or the
334 lack of header file execinfo.h, this option is not for you.
335 ALSO NOTE that even though execinfo.h is available on your
336 system (through Gnulib), the functions might just be stubs
340 Don't build support for Certificate Transparency.
343 Don't build with support for any deprecated APIs. This is the
344 same as using "--api" and supplying the latest version
348 Don't build support for datagram based BIOs. Selecting this
349 option will also force the disabling of DTLS.
352 Build the /dev/crypto engine. It is automatically selected
353 on BSD implementations, in which case it can be disabled with
357 Don't build support for loading Dynamic Shared Objects.
360 Don't build the dynamically loaded engines. This only has an
361 effect in a "shared" build
364 Don't build support for Elliptic Curves.
367 Don't build support for binary Elliptic Curves
369 enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128
370 Enable support for optimised implementations of some commonly
371 used NIST elliptic curves.
372 This is only supported on platforms:
373 - with little-endian storage of non-byte types
374 - that tolerate misaligned memory references
375 - where the compiler:
376 - supports the non-standard type __uint128_t
377 - defines the built-in macro __SIZEOF_INT128__
380 Build support for gathering entropy from EGD (Entropy
384 Don't build support for loading engines.
387 Don't compile in any error strings.
389 enable-external-tests
390 Enable building of integration with external test suites.
391 This is a developer option and may not work on all platforms.
392 The only supported external test suite at the current time is
393 the BoringSSL test suite. See the file test/README.external
397 Don't compile in filename and line number information (e.g.
398 for errors and memory allocation).
400 enable-fuzz-libfuzzer, enable-fuzz-afl
401 Build with support for fuzzing using either libfuzzer or AFL.
402 These are developer options only. They may not work on all
403 platforms and should never be used in production environments.
404 See the file fuzz/README.md for further details.
407 Don't build support for GOST based ciphersuites. Note that
408 if this feature is enabled then GOST ciphersuites are only
409 available if the GOST algorithms are also available through
410 loading an externally supplied engine.
413 Don't generate dependencies.
416 Don't build support for writing multiple records in one
417 go in libssl (Note: this is a different capability to the
418 pipelining functionality).
421 Don't build support for the NPN TLS extension.
424 Don't build support for OCSP.
428 Don't build the padlock engine.
429 ('no-hw-padlock' is deprecated and should not be used)
432 Don't build with support for Position Independent Code.
434 no-pinshared By default OpenSSL will attempt to stay in memory until the
435 process exits. This is so that libcrypto and libssl can be
436 properly cleaned up automatically via an "atexit()" handler.
437 The handler is registered by libcrypto and cleans up both
438 libraries. On some platforms the atexit() handler will run on
439 unload of libcrypto (if it has been dynamically loaded)
440 rather than at process exit. This option can be used to stop
441 OpenSSL from attempting to stay in memory until the process
442 exits. This could lead to crashes if either libcrypto or
443 libssl have already been unloaded at the point
444 that the atexit handler is invoked, e.g. on a platform which
445 calls atexit() on unload of the library, and libssl is
446 unloaded before libcrypto then a crash is likely to happen.
447 Applications can suppress running of the atexit() handler at
448 run time by using the OPENSSL_INIT_NO_ATEXIT option to
449 OPENSSL_init_crypto(). See the man page for it for further
453 Don't use POSIX IO capabilities.
456 Don't build support for Pre-Shared Key based ciphersuites.
459 Don't use hardware RDRAND capabilities.
462 Don't build support for RFC3779 ("X.509 Extensions for IP
463 Addresses and AS Identifiers")
466 Build support for SCTP
469 Do not create shared libraries, only static ones. See "Note
470 on shared libraries" below.
473 Don't build support for socket BIOs
476 Don't build support for SRP or SRP based ciphersuites.
479 Don't build SRTP support
482 Exclude SSE2 code paths from 32-bit x86 assembly modules.
483 Normally SSE2 extension is detected at run-time, but the
484 decision whether or not the machine code will be executed
485 is taken solely on CPU capability vector. This means that
486 if you happen to run OS kernel which does not support SSE2
487 extension on Intel P4 processor, then your application
488 might be exposed to "illegal instruction" exception.
489 There might be a way to enable support in kernel, e.g.
490 FreeBSD kernel can be compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and
491 there is a way to disengage SSE2 code paths upon application
492 start-up, but if you aim for wider "audience" running
493 such kernel, consider no-sse2. Both the 386 and
494 no-asm options imply no-sse2.
497 Build with the SSL Trace capabilities (adds the "-trace"
498 option to s_client and s_server).
501 Don't build the statically linked engines. This only
502 has an impact when not built "shared".
505 Don't use anything from the C header file "stdio.h" that
506 makes use of the "FILE" type. Only libcrypto and libssl can
507 be built in this way. Using this option will suppress
508 building the command line applications. Additionally since
509 the OpenSSL tests also use the command line applications the
510 tests will also be skipped.
513 Don't build test programs or run any test.
516 Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
520 Build with support for multi-threaded applications. Most
521 platforms will enable this by default. However if on a
522 platform where this is not the case then this will usually
523 require additional system-dependent options! See "Note on
524 multi-threading" below.
527 Don't build Time Stamping Authority support.
530 Build with the Undefined Behaviour sanitiser. This is a
531 developer option only. It may not work on all platforms and
532 should never be used in production environments. It will only
533 work when used with gcc or clang and should be used in
534 conjunction with the "-DPEDANTIC" option (or the
535 --strict-warnings option).
538 Don't build with the "UI" capability (i.e. the set of
539 features enabling text based prompts).
542 Enable additional unit test APIs. This should not typically
543 be used in production deployments.
545 enable-weak-ssl-ciphers
546 Build support for SSL/TLS ciphers that are considered "weak"
547 (e.g. RC4 based ciphersuites).
550 Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
553 Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library
554 dynamically when needed. This is only supported on systems
555 where loading of shared libraries is supported.
558 In 32-bit x86 builds, when generating assembly modules,
559 use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code
560 is more efficient, but requires at least a 486). Note:
561 This doesn't affect code generated by compiler, you're
562 likely to complement configuration command line with
563 suitable compiler-specific option.
566 Don't build support for negotiating the specified SSL/TLS
567 protocol (one of ssl, ssl3, tls, tls1, tls1_1, tls1_2,
568 tls1_3, dtls, dtls1 or dtls1_2). If "no-tls" is selected then
569 all of tls1, tls1_1, tls1_2 and tls1_3 are disabled.
570 Similarly "no-dtls" will disable dtls1 and dtls1_2. The
571 "no-ssl" option is synonymous with "no-ssl3". Note this only
572 affects version negotiation. OpenSSL will still provide the
573 methods for applications to explicitly select the individual
577 As for no-<prot> but in addition do not build the methods for
578 applications to explicitly select individual protocol
579 versions. Note that there is no "no-tls1_3-method" option
580 because there is no application method for TLSv1.3. Using
581 individual protocol methods directly is deprecated.
582 Applications should use TLS_method() instead.
585 Build with support for the specified algorithm, where <alg>
586 is one of: md2 or rc5.
589 Build without support for the specified algorithm, where
590 <alg> is one of: aria, bf, blake2, camellia, cast, chacha,
591 cmac, des, dh, dsa, ecdh, ecdsa, idea, md4, mdc2, ocb,
592 poly1305, rc2, rc4, rmd160, scrypt, seed, siphash, siv, sm2,
593 sm3, sm4 or whirlpool. The "ripemd" algorithm is deprecated
594 and if used is synonymous with rmd160.
596 -Dxxx, -Ixxx, -Wp, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -Wl, -rpath, -R, -framework, -static
597 These system specific options will be recognised and
598 passed through to the compiler to allow you to define
599 preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries, library
600 directories or other compiler options. It might be worth
601 noting that some compilers generate code specifically for
602 processor the compiler currently executes on. This is not
603 necessarily what you might have in mind, since it might be
604 unsuitable for execution on other, typically older,
605 processor. Consult your compiler documentation.
607 Take note of the VAR=value documentation below and how
608 these flags interact with those variables.
611 Additional options that are not otherwise recognised are
612 passed through as they are to the compiler as well. Again,
613 consult your compiler documentation.
615 Take note of the VAR=value documentation below and how
616 these flags interact with those variables.
619 Assignment of environment variable for Configure. These
620 work just like normal environment variable assignments,
621 but are supported on all platforms and are confined to
622 the configuration scripts only. These assignments override
623 the corresponding value in the inherited environment, if
626 The following variables are used as "make variables" and
627 can be used as an alternative to giving preprocessor,
628 compiler and linker options directly as configuration.
629 The following variables are supported:
631 AR The static library archiver.
632 ARFLAGS Flags for the static library archiver.
633 AS The assembler compiler.
634 ASFLAGS Flags for the assembler compiler.
636 CFLAGS Flags for the C compiler.
637 CXX The C++ compiler.
638 CXXFLAGS Flags for the C++ compiler.
639 CPP The C/C++ preprocessor.
640 CPPFLAGS Flags for the C/C++ preprocessor.
641 CPPDEFINES List of CPP macro definitions, separated
642 by a platform specific character (':' or
643 space for Unix, ';' for Windows, ',' for
644 VMS). This can be used instead of using
645 -D (or what corresponds to that on your
646 compiler) in CPPFLAGS.
647 CPPINCLUDES List of CPP inclusion directories, separated
648 the same way as for CPPDEFINES. This can
649 be used instead of -I (or what corresponds
650 to that on your compiler) in CPPFLAGS.
651 HASHBANGPERL Perl invocation to be inserted after '#!'
652 in public perl scripts (only relevant on
654 LD The program linker (not used on Unix, $(CC)
656 LDFLAGS Flags for the shared library, DSO and
658 LDLIBS Extra libraries to use when linking.
659 Takes the form of a space separated list
660 of library specifications on Unix and
661 Windows, and as a comma separated list of
663 RANLIB The library archive indexer.
664 RC The Windows resource compiler.
665 RCFLAGS Flags for the Windows resource compiler.
666 RM The command to remove files and directories.
668 These cannot be mixed with compiling / linking flags given
669 on the command line. In other words, something like this
672 ./config -DFOO CPPFLAGS=-DBAR -DCOOKIE
674 Backward compatibility note:
676 To be compatible with older configuration scripts, the
677 environment variables are ignored if compiling / linking
678 flags are given on the command line, except for these:
680 AR, CC, CXX, CROSS_COMPILE, HASHBANGPERL, PERL, RANLIB, RC
683 For example, the following command will not see -DBAR:
685 CPPFLAGS=-DBAR ./config -DCOOKIE
687 However, the following will see both set variables:
689 CC=gcc CROSS_COMPILE=x86_64-w64-mingw32- \
692 If CC is set, it is advisable to also set CXX to ensure
693 both C and C++ compilers are in the same "family". This
694 becomes relevant with 'enable-external-tests' and
695 'enable-buildtest-c++'.
699 Reconfigure from earlier data. This fetches the previous
700 command line options and environment from data saved in
701 "configdata.pm", and runs the configuration process again,
702 using these options and environment.
703 Note: NO other option is permitted together with "reconf".
704 This means that you also MUST use "./Configure" (or
705 what corresponds to that on non-Unix platforms) directly
706 to invoke this option.
707 Note: The original configuration saves away values for ALL
708 environment variables that were used, and if they weren't
709 defined, they are still saved away with information that
710 they weren't originally defined. This information takes
711 precedence over environment variables that are defined
714 Displaying configuration data
715 -----------------------------
717 The configuration script itself will say very little, and finishes by
718 creating "configdata.pm". This perl module can be loaded by other scripts
719 to find all the configuration data, and it can also be used as a script to
720 display all sorts of configuration data in a human readable form.
722 For more information, please do:
724 $ ./configdata.pm --help # Unix
728 $ perl configdata.pm --help # Windows and VMS
730 Installation in Detail
731 ----------------------
733 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
735 NOTE: This is not available on Windows.
737 $ ./config [[ options ]] # Unix
741 $ @config [[ options ]] ! OpenVMS
743 For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
744 examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
746 This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
747 configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
748 if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
749 are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
750 wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
752 On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
754 $ ./config -d [[ options ]]
756 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
758 OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
759 compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
765 $ perl Configure # All other platforms
767 For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
768 examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
770 Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
771 operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
772 you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
773 as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
776 $ ./Configure linux-elf [[ options ]]
778 If your system isn't listed, you will have to create a configuration
779 file named Configurations/{{ something }}.conf and add the correct
780 configuration for your system. See the available configs as examples
781 and read Configurations/README and Configurations/README.design for
784 The generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
787 Configure creates a build file ("Makefile" on Unix, "makefile" on Windows
788 and "descrip.mms" on OpenVMS) from a suitable template in Configurations,
789 and defines various macros in include/openssl/opensslconf.h (generated from
790 include/openssl/opensslconf.h.in).
792 1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.
794 OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
795 the directory with the source code. It's done by placing yourself in
796 some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
801 $ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
802 $ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
803 $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [[ options ]]
807 $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure {{ target }} [[ options ]]
811 $ set default sys$login:
812 $ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
813 $ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
814 $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config [[ options ]]
818 $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {{ target }} [[ options ]]
823 $ mkdir \temp-openssl
825 $ perl d:\PATH\TO\OPENSSL\SOURCE\Configure {{ target }} [[ options ]]
827 Paths can be relative just as well as absolute. Configure will
828 do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.
830 2. Build OpenSSL by running:
833 $ mms ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
836 This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
837 Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
838 ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
839 and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.
843 If the build fails, look at the output. There may be reasons
844 for the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like
845 missing standard headers).
847 If the build succeeded previously, but fails after a source or
848 configuration change, it might be helpful to clean the build tree
849 before attempting another build. Use this command:
852 $ mms clean ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
853 $ nmake clean # Windows
855 Assembler error messages can sometimes be sidestepped by using the
856 "no-asm" configuration option.
858 Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
859 compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
861 If you are still having problems you can get help by sending an email
862 to the openssl-users email list (see
863 https://www.openssl.org/community/mailinglists.html for details). If
864 it is a bug with OpenSSL itself, please open an issue on GitHub, at
865 https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues. Please review the existing
866 ones first; maybe the bug was already reported or has already been
869 3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
873 $ nmake test # Windows
875 NOTE: you MUST run the tests from an unprivileged account (or
876 disable your privileges temporarily if your platform allows it).
878 If some tests fail, look at the output. There may be reasons for
879 the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
880 malfunction with Perl). You may want increased verbosity, that
881 can be accomplished like this:
883 $ make VERBOSE=1 test # Unix
885 $ mms /macro=(VERBOSE=1) test ! OpenVMS
887 $ nmake VERBOSE=1 test # Windows
889 If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
890 the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:
892 $ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test # Unix
893 $ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test ! OpenVMS
894 $ nmake TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test # Windows
896 And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
898 $ make VERBOSE=1 TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test
900 You can find the list of available tests like this:
902 $ make list-tests # Unix
903 $ mms list-tests ! OpenVMS
904 $ nmake list-tests # Windows
906 Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
907 see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.
909 If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
910 compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
911 run "make clean; make" or corresponding.
913 To report a bug please open an issue on GitHub, at
914 https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues.
916 For more details on how the make variables TESTS can be used,
917 see section TESTS in Detail below.
919 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
921 $ make install # Unix
922 $ mms install ! OpenVMS
923 $ nmake install # Windows
925 This will install all the software components in this directory
926 tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
931 bin/ Contains the openssl binary and a few other
934 Contains the header files needed if you want
935 to build your own programs that use libcrypto
937 lib Contains the OpenSSL library files.
938 lib/engines Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
940 share/man/man1 Contains the OpenSSL command line man-pages.
941 share/man/man3 Contains the OpenSSL library calls man-pages.
942 share/man/man5 Contains the OpenSSL configuration format man-pages.
943 share/man/man7 Contains the OpenSSL other misc man-pages.
945 share/doc/openssl/html/man1
946 share/doc/openssl/html/man3
947 share/doc/openssl/html/man5
948 share/doc/openssl/html/man7
949 Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.
951 OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
952 or "ia64", 'sover' is replaced with the shared library version
953 (0101 for 1.1), and 'pz' is replaced with the pointer size
954 OpenSSL was built with):
956 [.EXE.'arch'] Contains the openssl binary.
957 [.EXE] Contains a few utility scripts.
959 Contains the header files needed if you want
960 to build your own programs that use libcrypto
962 [.LIB.'arch'] Contains the OpenSSL library files.
963 [.ENGINES'sover''pz'.'arch']
964 Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
965 [.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
966 These define appropriate logical names and
968 [.SYSTEST] Contains the installation verification procedure.
969 [.HTML] Contains the HTML rendition of the manual pages.
972 Additionally, install will add the following directories under
973 OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
976 certs Initially empty, this is the default location
977 for certificate files.
978 private Initially empty, this is the default location
979 for private key files.
980 misc Various scripts.
982 Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
983 locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
984 it can easily be packaged, can use
986 $ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install # Unix
987 $ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS
989 The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
990 installation target paths.
992 Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:
994 * COMPILING existing applications
996 Starting with version 1.1.0, OpenSSL hides a number of structures
997 that were previously open. This includes all internal libssl
998 structures and a number of EVP types. Accessor functions have
999 been added to allow controlled access to the structures' data.
1001 This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
1002 the new ways of doing things. This often amounts to allocating
1003 an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
1004 allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
1005 provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
1006 structure's field directly.
1008 Some APIs have changed as well. However, older APIs have been
1009 preserved when possible.
1011 Environment Variables
1012 ---------------------
1014 A number of environment variables can be used to provide additional control
1015 over the build process. Typically these should be defined prior to running
1016 config or Configure. Not all environment variables are relevant to all
1020 The name of the ar executable to use.
1023 Use a different build file name than the platform default
1024 ("Makefile" on Unix-like platforms, "makefile" on native Windows,
1025 "descrip.mms" on OpenVMS). This requires that there is a
1026 corresponding build file template. See Configurations/README
1027 for further information.
1030 The compiler to use. Configure will attempt to pick a default
1031 compiler for your platform but this choice can be overridden
1032 using this variable. Set it to the compiler executable you wish
1033 to use, e.g. "gcc" or "clang".
1036 This environment variable has the same meaning as for the
1037 "--cross-compile-prefix" Configure flag described above. If both
1038 are set then the Configure flag takes precedence.
1041 The name of the nm executable to use.
1043 OPENSSL_LOCAL_CONFIG_DIR
1044 OpenSSL comes with a database of information about how it
1045 should be built on different platforms as well as build file
1046 templates for those platforms. The database is comprised of
1047 ".conf" files in the Configurations directory. The build
1048 file templates reside there as well as ".tmpl" files. See the
1049 file Configurations/README for further information about the
1050 format of ".conf" files as well as information on the ".tmpl"
1052 In addition to the standard ".conf" and ".tmpl" files, it is
1053 possible to create your own ".conf" and ".tmpl" files and store
1054 them locally, outside the OpenSSL source tree. This environment
1055 variable can be set to the directory where these files are held
1056 and will be considered by Configure before it looks in the
1057 standard directories.
1060 The name of the Perl executable to use when building OpenSSL.
1061 This variable is used in config script only. Configure on the
1062 other hand imposes the interpreter by which it itself was
1063 executed on the whole build procedure.
1066 The command string for the Perl executable to insert in the
1067 #! line of perl scripts that will be publically installed.
1068 Default: /usr/bin/env perl
1069 Note: the value of this variable is added to the same scripts
1070 on all platforms, but it's only relevant on Unix-like platforms.
1073 The name of the rc executable to use. The default will be as
1074 defined for the target platform in the ".conf" file. If not
1075 defined then "windres" will be used. The WINDRES environment
1076 variable is synonymous to this. If both are defined then RC
1080 The name of the ranlib executable to use.
1088 The Configure script generates a Makefile in a format relevant to the specific
1089 platform. The Makefiles provide a number of targets that can be used. Not all
1090 targets may be available on all platforms. Only the most common targets are
1091 described here. Examine the Makefiles themselves for the full list.
1094 The default target to build all the software components.
1097 Remove all build artefacts and return the directory to a "clean"
1101 Rebuild the dependencies in the Makefiles. This is a legacy
1102 option that no longer needs to be used since OpenSSL 1.1.0.
1105 Install all OpenSSL components.
1108 Only install the OpenSSL software components.
1111 Only install the OpenSSL documentation components.
1114 Only install the OpenSSL man pages (Unix only).
1117 Only install the OpenSSL html documentation.
1120 Prints a list of all the self test names.
1123 Build and run the OpenSSL self tests.
1126 Uninstall all OpenSSL components.
1130 Re-run the configuration process, as exactly as the last time
1134 This is a developer option. If you are developing a patch for
1135 OpenSSL you may need to use this if you want to update
1136 automatically generated files; add new error codes or add new
1137 (or change the visibility of) public API functions. (Unix only).
1142 The make variable TESTS supports a versatile set of space separated tokens
1143 with which you can specify a set of tests to be performed. With a "current
1144 set of tests" in mind, initially being empty, here are the possible tokens:
1146 alltests The current set of tests becomes the whole set of available
1147 tests (as listed when you do 'make list-tests' or similar).
1148 xxx Adds the test 'xxx' to the current set of tests.
1149 -xxx Removes 'xxx' from the current set of tests. If this is the
1150 first token in the list, the current set of tests is first
1151 assigned the whole set of available tests, effectively making
1152 this token equivalent to TESTS="alltests -xxx".
1153 nn Adds the test group 'nn' (which is a number) to the current
1155 -nn Removes the test group 'nn' from the current set of tests.
1156 If this is the first token in the list, the current set of
1157 tests is first assigned the whole set of available tests,
1158 effectively making this token equivalent to
1159 TESTS="alltests -xxx".
1161 Also, all tokens except for "alltests" may have wildcards, such as *.
1162 (on Unix and Windows, BSD style wildcards are supported, while on VMS,
1163 it's VMS style wildcards)
1165 Example: All tests except for the fuzz tests:
1167 $ make TESTS=-test_fuzz test
1169 or (if you want to be explicit)
1171 $ make TESTS='alltests -test_fuzz' test
1173 Example: All tests that have a name starting with "test_ssl" but not those
1174 starting with "test_ssl_":
1176 $ make TESTS='test_ssl* -test_ssl_*' test
1178 Example: Only test group 10:
1182 Example: All tests except the slow group (group 99):
1186 Example: All tests in test groups 80 to 99 except for tests in group 90:
1188 $ make TESTS='[89]? -90'
1190 Note on multi-threading
1191 -----------------------
1193 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
1194 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
1195 applications. On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
1196 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
1199 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
1200 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
1201 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.) The default in this
1202 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
1203 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
1204 from the Configure script.)
1206 OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
1207 most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
1208 supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
1209 you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.
1211 Notes on shared libraries
1212 -------------------------
1214 For most systems the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
1215 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems
1216 the shared libraries will be created by default. This can be suppressed and
1217 only static libraries created by using the "no-shared" option. On systems
1218 where OpenSSL does not know how to build shared libraries the "no-shared"
1219 option will be forced and only static libraries will be created.
1221 Shared libraries are named a little differently on different platforms.
1222 One way or another, they all have the major OpenSSL version number as
1223 part of the file name, i.e. for OpenSSL 1.1.x, 1.1 is somehow part of
1226 On most POSIX platforms, shared libraries are named libcrypto.so.1.1
1229 on Cygwin, shared libraries are named cygcrypto-1.1.dll and cygssl-1.1.dll
1230 with import libraries libcrypto.dll.a and libssl.dll.a.
1232 On Windows build with MSVC or using MingW, shared libraries are named
1233 libcrypto-1_1.dll and libssl-1_1.dll for 32-bit Windows, libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll
1234 and libssl-1_1-x64.dll for 64-bit x86_64 Windows, and libcrypto-1_1-ia64.dll
1235 and libssl-1_1-ia64.dll for IA64 Windows. With MSVC, the import libraries
1236 are named libcrypto.lib and libssl.lib, while with MingW, they are named
1237 libcrypto.dll.a and libssl.dll.a.
1239 On VMS, shareable images (VMS speak for shared libraries) are named
1240 ossl$libcrypto0101_shr.exe and ossl$libssl0101_shr.exe. However, when
1241 OpenSSL is specifically built for 32-bit pointers, the shareable images
1242 are named ossl$libcrypto0101_shr32.exe and ossl$libssl0101_shr32.exe
1243 instead, and when built for 64-bit pointers, they are named
1244 ossl$libcrypto0101_shr64.exe and ossl$libssl0101_shr64.exe.
1246 Note on random number generation
1247 --------------------------------
1249 Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
1250 secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
1251 internal CSPRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal CSPRNG will refuse
1252 to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
1254 The seeding method can be configured using the --with-rand-seed option,
1255 which can be used to specify a comma separated list of seed methods.
1256 However in most cases OpenSSL will choose a suitable default method,
1257 so it is not necessary to explicitly provide this option. Note also
1258 that not all methods are available on all platforms.
1260 I) On operating systems which provide a suitable randomness source (in
1261 form of a system call or system device), OpenSSL will use the optimal
1262 available method to seed the CSPRNG from the operating system's
1263 randomness sources. This corresponds to the option --with-rand-seed=os.
1265 II) On systems without such a suitable randomness source, automatic seeding
1266 and reseeding is disabled (--with-rand-seed=none) and it may be necessary
1267 to install additional support software to obtain a random seed and reseed
1268 the CSPRNG manually. Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(),
1269 RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(), and the FAQ for more information.
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