INSTALL

   1
   2  OPENSSL INSTALLATION
   3  --------------------
   4
   5  [This document describes installation on the main supported operating
   6   systems, currently the Linux/Unix family, OpenVMS and Windows.
   7   Installation on DOS (with djgpp), MacOS (before MacOS X)
   8   is described in INSTALL.DJGPP or INSTALL.MacOS, respectively.]
   9
  10  To install OpenSSL, you will need:
  11
  12   * make
  13   * Perl 5 with core modules (please read README.PERL)
  14   * The perl module Text::Template (please read README.PERL)
  15   * an ANSI C compiler
  16   * a development environment in the form of development libraries and C
  17     header files
  18   * a supported operating system
  19
  20  For more details regarding specific platforms, there are these notes
  21  available:
  22
  23   * NOTES.VMS (OpenVMS)
  24   * NOTES.WIN (any Windows except for Windows CE)
  25
  26  Quick Start
  27  -----------
  28
  29  If you want to just get on with it, do:
  30
  31   on Unix:
  32
  33     $ ./config
  34     $ make
  35     $ make test
  36     $ make install
  37
  38   on OpenVMS:
  39
  40     $ @config
  41     $ mms
  42     $ mms test
  43     $ mms install
  44
  45   on Windows (only pick one of the targets for configuration):
  46
  47     $ perl Configure { VC-WIN32 | VC-WIN64A | VC-WIN64I | VC-CE }
  48     $ nmake
  49     $ nmake test
  50     $ nmake install
  51
  52  [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
  53
  54  This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:
  55
  56   Unix:    normal installation directories under /usr/local
  57   OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
  58            OpenSSL version number with underscores instead of periods.
  59   Windows: C:\Program Files\OpenSSL or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
  60
  61  If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:
  62
  63   On Unix:
  64
  65     $ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl
  66
  67   On OpenVMS:
  68
  69     $ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]
  70
  71
  72  Configuration Options
  73  ---------------------
  74
  75  There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
  76  the build (note that for Windows, the defaults for --prefix and
  77  --openssldir depend in what configuration is used and what Windows
  78  implementation OpenSSL is built on.  More notes on this in NOTES.WIN):
  79
  80   --prefix=DIR
  81                    The top of the installation directory tree.  Defaults are:
  82
  83                    Unix:           /usr/local
  84                    Windows:        C:\Program Files\OpenSSL
  85                                 or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
  86                    OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']
  87
  88   --openssldir=DIR
  89                    Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
  90                    default certificate and key store.  Defaults are:
  91
  92                    Unix:           /usr/local/ssl
  93                    Windows:        C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL
  94                                 or C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\SSL
  95                    OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-COMMON]
  96
  97   --api=x.y.z
  98                    Don't build with support for deprecated APIs below the
  99                    specified version number. For example "--api=1.1.0" will
 100                    remove support for all APIS that were deprecated in OpenSSL
 101                    version 1.1.0 or below.
 102
 103   no-afalgeng
 104                    Don't build the AFALG engine. This option will be forced if
 105                    on a platform that does not support AFALG.
 106
 107   no-asm
 108                    Do not use assembler code.
 109
 110   no-async
 111                    Do not build support for async operations.
 112
 113   no-autoalginit
 114                    Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
 115                    Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
 116                    ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
 117                    may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
 118                    This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to
 119                    be loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and
 120                    EVP_add_digest() if this option is used. This option will
 121                    force a non-shared build.
 122
 123   no-autoerrinit
 124                    Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
 125                    Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable
 126                    error strings. For a statically linked application this may
 127                    be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
 128
 129
 130   no-capieng
 131                    Don't build the CAPI engine. This option will be forced if
 132                    on a platform that does not support CAPI.
 133
 134   no-cms
 135                    Don't build support for CMS features
 136
 137   no-comp
 138                    Don't build support for SSL/TLS compression. If this option
 139                    is left enabled (the default), then compression will only
 140                    work if the zlib or zlib-dynamic options are also chosen.
 141
 142   enable-crypto-mdebug
 143                    Build support for debugging memory allocated via
 144                    OPENSSL_malloc() or OPENSSL_zalloc().
 145
 146   enable-crypto-mdebug-backtrace
 147                    As for crypto-mdebug, but additionally provide backtrace
 148                    information for allocated memory.
 149
 150   no-ct
 151                    Don't build support for Certificate Transparency.
 152
 153   no-deprecated
 154                    Don't build with support for any deprecated APIs. This is the
 155                    same as using "--api" and supplying the latest version
 156                    number.
 157
 158   no-dgram
 159                    Don't build support for datagram based BIOs. Selecting this
 160                    option will also force the disabling of DTLS.
 161
 162   no-dso
 163                    Don't build support for loading Dynamic Shared Objects.
 164
 165   no-dynamic-engine
 166                    Don't build the dynamically loaded engines. This only has an
 167                    effect in a "shared" build
 168
 169   no-ec
 170                    Don't build support for Elliptic Curves.
 171
 172   no-ec2m
 173                    Don't build support for binary Elliptic Curves
 174
 175   enable-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128
 176                    Enable support for optimised implementations of some commonly
 177                    used NIST elliptic curves. This is only supported on some
 178                    platforms.
 179
 180   enable-egd
 181                    Build support for gathering entropy from EGD (Entropy
 182                    Gathering Daemon).
 183
 184   no-engine
 185                    Don't build support for loading engines.
 186
 187   no-err
 188                    Don't compile in any error strings.
 189
 190   no-filenames
 191                    Don't compile in filename and line number information (e.g.
 192                    for errors and memory allocation).
 193
 194   no-gost
 195                    Don't build support for GOST based ciphersuites. Note that
 196                    if this feature is enabled then GOST ciphersuites are only
 197                    available if the GOST algorithms are also available through
 198                    loading an externally supplied engine.
 199
 200   enable-heartbeats
 201                    Build support for DTLS heartbeats.
 202
 203   no-hw-padlock
 204                    Don't build the padlock engine.
 205
 206   no-makedepend
 207                    ??
 208
 209   no-multiblock
 210                    Don't build support for writing multiple records in one
 211                    go in libssl (Note: this is a different capability to the
 212                    pipelining functionality).
 213
 214   no-nextprotoneg
 215                    Don't build support for the NPN TLS extension.
 216
 217   no-ocsp
 218                    Don't build support for OCSP.
 219
 220   no-pic
 221                    Don't build with support for Position Independent Code.
 222
 223   no-posix-io
 224                    Don't use POSIX IO capabilities.
 225
 226   no-psk
 227                    Don't build support for Pre-Shared Key based ciphersuites.
 228
 229   no-rdrand
 230                    Don't use hardware RDRAND capabilities.
 231
 232   no-rfc3779
 233                    Don't build support for RFC3779 ("X.509 Extensions for IP
 234                    Addresses and AS Identifiers")
 235
 236   no-sct
 237                    ??
 238
 239   sctp
 240                    Build support for SCTP
 241
 242   shared
 243                    In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
 244                    libraries on platforms where it's supported.  See "Note on
 245                    shared libraries" below.
 246
 247   no-sock
 248                    Don't build support for socket BIOs
 249
 250   no-srp
 251                    Don't build support for SRP or SRP based ciphersuites.
 252
 253   no-srtp
 254                    Don't build SRTP support
 255
 256   no-sse2
 257                    Exclude SSE2 code paths. Normally SSE2 extension is
 258                    detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the
 259                    machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU
 260                    capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS
 261                    kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4
 262                    processor, then your application might be exposed to
 263                    "illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way
 264                    to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be
 265                    compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to
 266                    disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up,
 267                    but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel,
 268                    consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-the asm options imply
 269                    no-sse2.
 270
 271   enable-ssl-trace
 272                    Build with the SSL Trace capabilities (adds the "-trace"
 273                    option to s_client and s_server).
 274
 275   no-static-engine
 276                    Don't build the statically linked engines. This only
 277                    has an impact when not built "shared".
 278
 279   no-stdio
 280                    Don't use any C "stdio" features. Only libcrypto and libssl
 281                    can be built in this way. Using this option will suppress
 282                    building the command line applications. Additionally since
 283                    the OpenSSL tests also use the command line applications the
 284                    tests will also be skipped.
 285
 286   no-threads
 287                    Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
 288                    applications.
 289
 290   threads
 291                    Build with support for multi-threaded applications. Most
 292                    platforms will enable this by default. However if on a
 293                    platform where this is not the case then this will usually
 294                    require additional system-dependent options! See "Note on
 295                    multi-threading" below.
 296
 297   no-ts
 298                    Don't build Time Stamping Authority support.
 299
 300   no-ui
 301                    Don't build with the "UI" capability (i.e. the set of
 302                    features enabling text based prompts).
 303
 304   enable-unit-test
 305                    Enable additional unit test APIs. This should not typically
 306                    be used in production deployments.
 307
 308   enable-weak-ssl-ciphers
 309                    Build support for SSL/TLS ciphers that are considered "weak"
 310                    (e.g. RC4 based ciphersuites).
 311
 312   zlib
 313                    Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
 314
 315   zlib-dynamic
 316                    Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library
 317                    dynamically when needed.  This is only supported on systems
 318                    where loading of shared libraries is supported.
 319
 320   386
 321                    On Intel hardware, use the 80386 instruction set only
 322                    (the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at
 323                    least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU
 324                    specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on
 325                    an x64 system.
 326
 327   no-<prot>
 328                    Don't build support for negotiating the specified SSL/TLS
 329                    protocol (one of ssl, ssl3, tls, tls1, tls1_1, tls1_2, dtls,
 330                    dtls1 or dtls1_2). If "no-tls" is selected then all of tls1,
 331                    tls1_1 and tls1_2 are disabled. Similarly "no-dtls" will
 332                    disable dtls1 and dtls1_2. The "no-ssl" option is synonymous
 333                    with "no-ssl3". Note this only affects version negotiation.
 334                    OpenSSL will still provide the methods for applications to
 335                    explicitly select the individual protocol versions.
 336
 337   no-<prot>-method
 338                    As for no-<prot> but in addition do not build the methods for
 339                    applications to explicitly select individual protocol
 340                    versions.
 341
 342   enable-<alg>
 343                    Build with support for the specified algorithm, where <alg>
 344                    is one of: md2 or rc5.
 345
 346   no-<alg>
 347                    Build without support for the specified algorithm, where
 348                    <alg> is one of: bf, blake2, camellia, cast, chacha, cmac,
 349                    des, dh, dsa, ecdh, ecdsa, idea, md4, md5, mdc2, ocb,
 350                    ploy1305, rc2, rc4, rmd160, scrypt, seed or whirlpool. The
 351                    "ripemd" algorithm is deprecated and if used is synonymous
 352                    with rmd160.
 353
 354   -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -mXXX, -Kxxx
 355                    These system specific options will be passed through to the
 356                    compiler to allow you to define preprocessor symbols, specify
 357                    additional libraries, library directories or other compiler
 358                    options.
 359
 360
 361  Installation in Detail
 362  ----------------------
 363
 364  1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
 365
 366      NOTE: This is not available on Windows.
 367
 368        $ ./config [options]                             # Unix
 369
 370        or
 371
 372        $ @config [options]                              ! OpenVMS
 373
 374      For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
 375      examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
 376
 377      This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
 378      configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
 379      if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
 380      are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
 381      wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.
 382
 383      On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:
 384
 385        $ ./config -d [options]
 386
 387  1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually
 388
 389      OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
 390      compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
 391
 392        $ ./Configure                                    # Unix
 393
 394        or
 395
 396        $ perl Configure                                 # All other platforms
 397
 398      For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
 399      examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
 400
 401      Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
 402      operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc".  When
 403      you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
 404      as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
 405      run:
 406
 407        $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
 408
 409      If your system isn't listed, you will have to create a configuration
 410      file named Configurations/{something}.conf and add the correct
 411      configuration for your system. See the available configs as examples
 412      and read Configurations/README and Configurations/README.design for
 413      more information.
 414
 415      The generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
 416      Unix-like systems.
 417
 418      Configure creates a build file ("Makefile" on Unix and "descrip.mms"
 419      on OpenVMS) from a suitable template in Configurations, and
 420      defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
 421      crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
 422
 423  1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.
 424
 425      OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
 426      the directory with the source code.  It's done by placing yourself in
 427      some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
 428      there.
 429
 430      Unix example:
 431
 432        $ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
 433        $ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
 434        $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [options]
 435
 436        or
 437
 438        $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure [target] [options]
 439
 440      OpenVMS example:
 441
 442        $ set default sys$login:
 443        $ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
 444        $ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
 445        $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config {options}
 446
 447        or
 448
 449        $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {target} {options}
 450
 451      Windows example:
 452
 453        $ C:
 454        $ mkdir \temp-openssl
 455        $ cd \temp-openssl
 456        $ perl d:\PATH\TO\OPENSSL\SOURCE\Configure {target} {options}
 457
 458      Paths can be relative just as well as absolute.  Configure will
 459      do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.
 460
 461   2. Build OpenSSL by running:
 462
 463        $ make                                           # Unix
 464        $ mms                                            ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
 465        $ nmake                                          # Windows
 466
 467      This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
 468      Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
 469      ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
 470      and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.
 471
 472      If the build fails, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
 473      the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
 474      standard headers).  If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
 475      report the problem to <rt@openssl.org> (note that your message
 476      will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable at
 477      https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be
 478      forwarded to a public mailing list). Please check out the request
 479      tracker. Maybe the bug was already reported or has already been
 480      fixed.
 481
 482      [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
 483      configuration option as an immediate fix.]
 484
 485      Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
 486      compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.
 487
 488   3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
 489
 490        $ make test                                      # Unix
 491        $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS
 492        $ nmake test                                     # Windows
 493
 494      If some tests fail, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
 495      the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
 496      malfunction with Perl).  You may want increased verbosity, that
 497      can be accomplished like this:
 498
 499        $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make test                  # Unix
 500
 501        $ DEFINE HARNESS_VERBOSE YES
 502        $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS
 503
 504        $ set HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes
 505        $ nmake test                                     # Windows
 506
 507      If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
 508      the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:
 509
 510        $ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test            # Unix
 511        $ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test       ! OpenVMS
 512        $ nmake TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test           # Windows
 513
 514      And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
 515
 516        $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test
 517
 518      You can find the list of available tests like this:
 519
 520        $ make list-tests                                # Unix
 521        $ mms list-tests                                 ! OpenVMS
 522        $ nmake list-tests                               # Windows
 523
 524      Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
 525      see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.
 526
 527      If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
 528      compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
 529      run "make clean; make" or corresponding.
 530
 531      Please send a bug reports to <rt@openssl.org>.
 532
 533   4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
 534
 535        $ make install                                   # Unix
 536        $ mms install                                    ! OpenVMS
 537
 538      This will install all the software components in this directory
 539      tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
 540      default):
 541
 542        Unix:
 543
 544          bin/           Contains the openssl binary and a few other
 545                         utility scripts.
 546          include/openssl
 547                         Contains the header files needed if you want
 548                         to build your own programs that use libcrypto
 549                         or libssl.
 550          lib            Contains the OpenSSL library files.
 551          lib/engines    Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
 552          share/man/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
 553                         Contains the OpenSSL man-pages.
 554          share/doc/openssl/html/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
 555                         Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.
 556
 557        OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
 558        or "ia64"):
 559
 560          [.EXE.'arch']  Contains the openssl binary and a few other
 561                         utility scripts.
 562          [.include.openssl]
 563                         Contains the header files needed if you want
 564                         to build your own programs that use libcrypto
 565                         or libssl.
 566          [.LIB.'arch']  Contains the OpenSSL library files.
 567          [.ENGINES.'arch']
 568                         Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
 569          [.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
 570                         These define appropriate logical names and
 571                         command symbols.
 572
 573
 574      Additionally, install will add the following directories under
 575      OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
 576      for you convenience:
 577
 578          certs          Initially empty, this is the default location
 579                         for certificate files.
 580          private        Initially empty, this is the default location
 581                         for private key files.
 582          misc           Various scripts.
 583
 584      Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
 585      locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
 586      it can easily be packaged, can use
 587
 588        $ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install         # Unix
 589        $ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS
 590
 591      The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
 592      installation target paths.
 593
 594   Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:
 595
 596   *  COMPILING existing applications
 597
 598      OpenSSL 1.1 hides a number of structures that were previously
 599      open.  This includes all internal libssl structures and a number
 600      of EVP types.  Accessor functions have been added to allow
 601      controlled access to the structures' data.
 602
 603      This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
 604      the new ways of doing things.  This often amounts to allocating
 605      an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
 606      allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
 607      provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
 608      structure's field directly.
 609
 610      <TBA>
 611
 612      Some APIs have changed as well.  However, older APIs have been
 613      preserved when possible.
 614
 615
 616  Note on multi-threading
 617  -----------------------
 618
 619  For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
 620  are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
 621  applications.  On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
 622  by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
 623  necessary).
 624
 625  On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
 626  to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
 627  (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.)  The default in this
 628  case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
 629  you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
 630  from the Configure script.)
 631
 632  OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
 633  most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
 634  supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
 635  you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.
 636
 637  Note on shared libraries
 638  ------------------------
 639
 640  Shared libraries have certain caveats.  Binary backward compatibility
 641  can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0.  The only reason to
 642  use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs
 643  are using OpenSSL.
 644
 645  For most systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
 646  build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl.  On these systems,
 647  the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
 648  the option "shared" will get them created.
 649
 650  Note on random number generation
 651  --------------------------------
 652
 653  Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
 654  secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
 655  internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
 656  to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
 657  On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
 658  to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
 659  Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
 660  and the FAQ for more information.
 661