dracut.cmdline.7.asc

   1 DRACUT.CMDLINE(7)
   2 =================
   3 :doctype: manpage
   4 :man source:   dracut
   5 :man manual:   dracut
   6
   7 NAME
   8 ----
   9 dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options
  10
  11 DESCRIPTION
  12 -----------
  13 The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration
  14 file on the kernel command line, as always.
  15
  16 The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not
  17 encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a
  18 label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all
  19 available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that
  20 device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition
  21 with that UUID as the root filesystem.
  22
  23 In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by
  24 dracut, are described.
  25
  26 "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be
  27 turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing
  28 "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or
  29 turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command
  30 line is the value, which is honored.
  31
  32 Standard
  33 ~~~~~~~~
  34 **init=**_<path to real init>_::
  35     specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has
  36     finished
  37
  38 **root=**_<path to blockdevice>_::
  39     specify the block device to use as the root filesystem.
  40 +
  41 E.g.:
  42 +
  43 ----
  44 root=/dev/sda1
  45 root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
  46 root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root
  47 root=LABEL=Root
  48 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
  49 root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
  50 root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
  51 ----
  52
  53 **rootfstype=**_<filesystem type>_:: "auto" if not specified, e.g.:
  54 +
  55 ----
  56 rootfstype=ext3
  57 ----
  58
  59 **rootflags=**_<mount options>_::
  60     specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set,
  61     _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and
  62     mounted accordingly.
  63
  64 **ro**::
  65     force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-only.  If
  66     none of ro and rw is present, both are mounted according to _/etc/fstab_.
  67
  68 **rw**::
  69     force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-write.
  70     See also ro option.
  71
  72 **rd.auto** **rd.auto=1**::
  73     enable autoassembly of special devices like cryptoLUKS, dmraid, mdraid or lvm.
  74     Default is off as of dracut version >= 024.
  75
  76 **rd.fstab=0**::
  77     do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in
  78     _/etc/fstab_ of the real root.
  79
  80 **resume=**_<path to resume partition>_::
  81     resume from a swap partition
  82 +
  83 E.g.:
  84 +
  85 ----
  86 resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
  87 resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
  88 resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
  89 ----
  90
  91 **rd.skipfsck**::
  92     skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_.  If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and
  93     the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this
  94     option to avoid duplication.
  95
  96
  97 Misc
  98 ~~~~
  99 **rd.driver.blacklist=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
 100     do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
 101     multiple times.
 102
 103 **rd.driver.pre=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
 104     force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
 105     multiple times.
 106
 107 **rd.driver.post=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
 108     force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules
 109     have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 110
 111 **rd.retry=**_<seconds>_::
 112     specify how long dracut should wait for devices to appear.
 113     The default is 30 seconds. After 2/3 of the time, degraded raids are force
 114     started. If you have hardware, which takes a very long time to announce its
 115     drives, you might want to extend this value.
 116
 117 **rd.noverifyssl**::
 118     accept self-signed certificates for ssl downloads.
 119
 120 **rd.ctty=**_<terminal device>_**::
 121    specify the controlling terminal for the console.
 122    This is useful, if you have multiple "console=" arguments.
 123
 124 [[dracutkerneldebug]]
 125 Debug
 126 ~~~~~
 127 If you are dropped to an emergency shell, the file _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ is created,
 128 which can be safed to a (to be mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick.
 129 Additional debugging info can be produced by adding **rd.debug** to the kernel command line.
 130 _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ contains all logs and the output of some tools.
 131 It should be attached to any report about dracut problems.
 132
 133 **rd.info**::
 134     print informational output though "quiet" is set
 135
 136 **rd.shell**::
 137     allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
 138
 139 **rd.debug**::
 140     set -x for the dracut shell.
 141     If systemd is active in the initramfs, all output is logged to the systemd journal,
 142     which you can inspect with "journalctl -ab".
 143     If systemd is not active, the logs are written to dmesg and _/run/initramfs/init.log_.
 144     If "quiet" is set, it also logs to the console.
 145
 146 **rd.memdebug=[0-3]**::
 147     Print memory usage info at various points, set the verbose level from 0 to 3
 148     Higher level means more debugging output:
 149     0 - no output
 150     1 - partial /proc/meminfo
 151     2 - /proc/meminfo
 152     3 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo
 153
 154 **rd.break**::
 155     drop to a shell at the end
 156
 157 **rd.break=**_{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}_::
 158     drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
 159
 160 **rd.udev.info**::
 161     set udev to loglevel info
 162
 163 **rd.udev.debug**::
 164     set udev to loglevel debug
 165
 166 I18N
 167 ~~~~
 168 **vconsole.keymap=**_<keymap base file name>_::
 169     keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory;
 170     will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs, e.g.:
 171 +
 172 ----
 173 vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
 174 ----
 175
 176 **vconsole.keymap.ext=**_<list of keymap base file names>_::
 177     list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as
 178     EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
 179
 180 **vconsole.unicode**[=_{0|1}_]::
 181     boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to
 182     _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
 183
 184 **vconsole.font=**_<font base file name>_::
 185     console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to
 186     _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
 187 +
 188 ----
 189 vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16
 190 ----
 191
 192 **vconsole.font.map=**_<console map base file name>_::
 193     see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans
 194     directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
 195     initramfs
 196
 197 **vconsole.font.unimap=**_<unicode table base file name>_::
 198     see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps
 199     directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
 200     initramfs
 201
 202 **locale.LANG=**_<locale>_::
 203     taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in
 204     basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will
 205     be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
 206 +
 207 ----
 208 locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8
 209 ----
 210
 211 **locale.LC_ALL=**_<locale>_::
 212     taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_
 213     in the initramfs
 214
 215 LVM
 216 ~~~
 217 **rd.lvm=0**::
 218     disable LVM detection
 219
 220 **rd.lvm.vg=**_<volume group name>_::
 221     only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be
 222     specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
 223
 224 **rd.lvm.lv=**_<logical volume name>_::
 225     only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be
 226     specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
 227
 228 **rd.lvm.conf=0**::
 229     remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs
 230
 231 crypto LUKS
 232 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 233 **rd.luks=0**::
 234     disable crypto LUKS detection
 235
 236 **rd.luks.uuid=**_<luks uuid>_::
 237     only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the
 238     LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
 239     The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
 240     LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
 241     This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 242
 243 **rd.luks.allow-discards=**_<luks uuid>_::
 244     Allow  using  of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given UUID.
 245     Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
 246     The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
 247     LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
 248     This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 249
 250 **rd.luks.allow-discards**::
 251     Allow  using  of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions.
 252
 253 **rd.luks.crypttab=0**::
 254     do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_
 255
 256 crypto LUKS - key on removable device support
 257 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 258 **rd.luks.key=**_<keypath>:<keydev>:<luksdev>_::
 259     _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly.
 260 +
 261 _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time.
 262 +
 263 If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is:
 264 +
 265 ----
 266 rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key
 267 ----
 268 +
 269 As you see, you can skip colons in such a case.
 270 +
 271 [NOTE]
 272 ===============================
 273 dracut pipes key to cryptsetup with _-d -_ argument, therefore you need to pipe
 274 to crypsetup luksFormat with _-d -_, too!
 275
 276 Here follows example for key encrypted with GPG:
 277
 278 ----
 279 gpg --quiet --decrypt rootkey.gpg \
 280 | cryptsetup -d - -v \
 281 --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \
 282 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3
 283 ----
 284
 285 If you use plain keys, just add path to _-d_ option:
 286
 287 ----
 288 cryptsetup -d rootkey.key -v \
 289 --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \
 290 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3
 291 ----
 292 ===============================
 293
 294 MD RAID
 295 ~~~~~~~
 296 **rd.md=0**::
 297     disable MD RAID detection
 298
 299 **rd.md.imsm=0**::
 300     disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead
 301
 302 **rd.md.ddf=0**::
 303     disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead
 304
 305 **rd.md.conf=0**::
 306     ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
 307
 308 **rd.md.waitclean=1**::
 309     wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before continuing
 310
 311 **rd.md.uuid=**_<md raid uuid>_::
 312     only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
 313     specified multiple times.
 314
 315 DM RAID
 316 ~~~~~~~
 317 **rd.dm=0**::
 318     disable DM RAID detection
 319
 320 **rd.dm.uuid=**_<dm raid uuid>_::
 321    only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
 322    specified multiple times.
 323
 324 FIPS
 325 ~~~~
 326 **rd.fips**::
 327     enable FIPS
 328
 329 **boot=**_<boot device>_::
 330     specify the device, where /boot is located. e.g.
 331 +
 332 ----
 333 boot=/dev/sda1
 334 boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
 335 boot=UUID=<uuid>
 336 boot=LABEL=<label>
 337 ----
 338
 339 **rd.fips.skipkernel**::
 340     skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not
 341     in a separate boot partition.
 342
 343 Network
 344 ~~~~~~~
 345 **ip=**_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_::
 346     dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop
 347     sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with
 348     a valid DHCP root-path.
 349
 350     auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration
 351
 352     dhcp6::: IPv6 DHCP
 353
 354     ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration
 355
 356 **ip=**_<interface>_:_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}_[:[_<mtu>_][:_<macaddr>_]]::
 357     This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 358 +
 359 =====================
 360 dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
 361 auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
 362 <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This
 363 cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the
 364 same <interface>.
 365 =====================
 366
 367 [IMPORTANT]
 368 =====================
 369 It is recommended to either bind <interface> to a MAC with the **ifname**
 370 argument. Or use biosdevname to name your interfaces, which will then have names according to their hardware location.
 371
 372 em<port>::: for embedded NICs
 373 p<slot>#<port>_<virtual instance>::: for cards in PCI slots
 374 =====================
 375
 376 **ip=**_<client-IP>_:_<server-IP>_:_<gateway-IP>_:_<netmask>_:_<client_hostname>_:_<interface>_:_{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_[:[_<mtu>_][:_<macaddr>_]]::
 377     explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it
 378     in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple
 379     times.
 380 +
 381 =====================
 382 <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This
 383 cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the
 384 same <interface>.
 385 =====================
 386
 387 [IMPORTANT]
 388 =====================
 389 It is recommended to either bind <interface> to a MAC with the **ifname**
 390 argument. Or use biosdevname to name your interfaces, which will then have names according to their hardware location.
 391
 392 em<port>::: for embedded NICs
 393 p<slot>#<port>_<virtual instance>::: for cards in PCI slots
 394 =====================
 395
 396 **ifname=**_<interface>_:_<MAC>_::
 397     Assign network device name <interface> (ie "bootnet") to the NIC with MAC <MAC>.
 398 +
 399 [IMPORTANT]
 400
 401 Do **not** use the default kernel naming scheme for the interface name,
 402 as it can conflict with the kernel names. So, don't use "eth[0-9]+" for the
 403 interface name. Better name it "bootnet" or "bluesocket".
 404
 405 **bootdev=**_<interface>_::
 406     specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from.
 407     Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
 408
 409 **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]::
 410     specify nameserver(s) to use
 411
 412 **biosdevname=0**::
 413     boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming
 414
 415 **rd.neednet=1**::
 416     boolean, bring up network even without netroot set
 417
 418 **vlan=_<vlanname>_:_<phydevice>_**::
 419     Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>.
 420     We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5),
 421     DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
 422
 423 **bond=_<bondname>_[:_<bondslaves>_:[:_<options>_]]**::
 424     Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>.
 425     <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces.
 426     <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for details)
 427     in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes multi-valued arp_ip_target option,
 428     then its values should be separated by semicolon.
 429     Bond without parameters assumes bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr
 430
 431 **team =_<teammaster>_:_<teamslaves>_**::
 432     Setup team device <teammaster> on top of <teamslaves>.
 433     <teamslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces.
 434
 435 **bridge=_<bridgename>_:_<ethnames>_**::
 436     Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated
 437     list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes bridge=br0:eth0
 438
 439
 440 NFS
 441 ~~~
 442 **root=**[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
 443     mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
 444     dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
 445     brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix
 446     ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".
 447
 448 **root=**nfs:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**nfs4:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**_{dhcp|dhcp6}_::
 449     root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS
 450     options can be specified.
 451 +
 452 ----
 453     root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
 454     root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
 455     root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
 456 ----
 457
 458 **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
 459     _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this
 460     method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended.
 461
 462 **rd.nfs.domain=**_<NFSv4 domain name>_::
 463     Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_.
 464
 465 CIFS
 466 ~~~
 467 **root=**cifs://[_<username>_[:_<password>_]@]_<server-ip>_:_<root-dir>_::
 468     mount cifs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
 469     dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
 470     brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. If a username or password are not specified
 471 as part of the root, then they must be passed on the command line through
 472 cifsuser/cifspass.
 473 +
 474 [WARNING]
 475 ====
 476 Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
 477 ====
 478
 479 **cifsuser=_<username>_::
 480     Set the cifs username, if not specified as part of the root.
 481
 482 **cifspass=_<password>_::
 483     Set the cifs password, if not specified as part of the root.
 484 +
 485 [WARNING]
 486 ====
 487 Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
 488 ====
 489
 490 iSCSI
 491 ~~~~~
 492 **root=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_::
 493     protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is
 494     provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other
 495     associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if
 496     the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then
 497     used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated
 498     fields. See
 499     link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173].
 500     e.g.:
 501 +
 502 ----
 503 root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
 504 ----
 505 +
 506 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
 507 +
 508 ----
 509 root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
 510 ----
 511 +
 512 [WARNING]
 513 ====
 514 Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
 515 ====
 516
 517 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_ ...::
 518     multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks. e.g.:
 519 +
 520 ----
 521 root=UUID=12424547
 522 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
 523 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
 524 ----
 525 +
 526 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
 527 +
 528 ----
 529 netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
 530 ----
 531 +
 532 [WARNING]
 533 ====
 534 Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware.
 535 ====
 536
 537 **root=**_???_ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**_<initiator>_ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**_<target name>_  **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**_<target ip>_ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**_<target port>_ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**_<target group>_ **rd.iscsi.username=**_<username>_ **rd.iscsi.password=**_<password>_ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**_<in username>_ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**_<in password>_::
 538     manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistart --help+**)
 539 +
 540 [WARNING]
 541 ====
 542 Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware.
 543 ====
 544
 545 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**::
 546  will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
 547
 548 **rd.iscsi.param=**_<param>_::
 549     <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart.
 550     This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 551     e.g.:
 552 +
 553 ----
 554 "netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1 rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"
 555 ----
 556 +
 557 will result in
 558 +
 559 ----
 560 iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30
 561 ----
 562
 563 FCoE
 564 ~~~~
 565 **fcoe=**_<edd|interface|MAC>_:_{dcb|nodcb}_::
 566     Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or
 567     _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is
 568     supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
 569 +
 570 [NOTE]
 571 letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase!
 572
 573 NBD
 574 ~~~
 575 **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
 576     mount nbd share from <server>
 577
 578 **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
 579     root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD
 580     options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are
 581     directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.
 582
 583 DASD
 584 ~~~~
 585 **rd.dasd=**....::
 586     same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
 587
 588 ZFCP
 589 ~~~~
 590 **rd.zfcp=**_<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>_,_<WWPN>_,_<FCPLUN>_::
 591     rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
 592 +
 593 ----
 594 rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
 595 ----
 596
 597 **rd.zfcp.conf=0**::
 598     ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
 599
 600 ZNET
 601 ~~~~
 602 **rd.znet=**_<nettype>_,_<subchannels>_,_<options>_::
 603     rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
 604 +
 605 ----
 606 rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
 607 rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar
 608 ----
 609
 610 Plymouth Boot Splash
 611 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 612 **plymouth.enable=0**::
 613     disable the plymouth bootsplash completly.
 614
 615 **rd.plymouth=0**::
 616     disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs.
 617
 618 Kernel keys
 619 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 620 **masterkey=**_<kernel master key path name>_::
 621     Set the path name of the kernel master key. e.g.:
 622 +
 623 ----
 624 masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob
 625 ----
 626
 627 **masterkeytype=**_<kernel master key type>_::
 628     Set the type of the kernel master key. e.g.:
 629 +
 630 ----
 631 masterkeytype=trusted
 632 ----
 633
 634 **evmkey=**_<EVM key path name>_::
 635     Set the path name of the EVM key. e.g.:
 636 +
 637 ----
 638 evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob
 639 ----
 640
 641 **ecryptfskey=**_<eCryptfs key path name>_::
 642     Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. e.g.:
 643 +
 644 ----
 645 ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob
 646 ----
 647
 648 Deprecated, renamed Options
 649 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 650 Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and their new replacement.
 651
 652 rdbreak:: rd.break
 653
 654 rd_CCW:: rd.ccw
 655
 656 rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd
 657
 658 rd_DASD:: rd.dasd
 659
 660 rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug
 661
 662 rd_NO_DM:: rd.dm=0
 663
 664 rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid
 665
 666 rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist
 667
 668 rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post
 669
 670 rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre
 671
 672 rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0
 673
 674 rdinfo:: rd.info
 675
 676 check:: rd.live.check
 677
 678 rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug
 679
 680 live_dir:: rd.live.dir
 681
 682 liveimg:: rd.live.image
 683
 684 overlay:: rd.live.overlay
 685
 686 readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly
 687
 688 reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset
 689
 690 live_ram:: rd.live.ram
 691
 692 rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0
 693
 694 rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid
 695
 696 rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath
 697
 698 rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0
 699
 700 rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid
 701
 702 rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf
 703
 704 rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv
 705
 706 rd_NO_LVM:: rd.lvm=0
 707
 708 rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot
 709
 710 rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize
 711
 712 rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg
 713
 714 rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0
 715
 716 rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0
 717
 718 rd_NO_MD:: rd.md=0
 719
 720 rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid
 721
 722 rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain
 723
 724 iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator
 725
 726 iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name
 727
 728 iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip
 729
 730 iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port
 731
 732 iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group
 733
 734 iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username
 735
 736 iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password
 737
 738 iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username
 739
 740 iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password
 741
 742 iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0
 743
 744 rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0
 745
 746 rd_retry:: rd.retry
 747
 748 rdshell:: rd.shell
 749
 750 rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash
 751
 752 rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug
 753
 754 rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info
 755
 756 rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0
 757
 758 rd_ZFCP:: rd.zfcp
 759
 760 rd_ZNET:: rd.znet
 761
 762 KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap
 763
 764 KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap
 765
 766 SYSFONT:: vconsole.font
 767
 768 CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map
 769
 770 UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap
 771
 772 UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode
 773
 774 EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext
 775
 776 Configuration in the Initramfs
 777 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 778 _/etc/conf.d/_::
 779     Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to
 780     set initial values. Command line options will override these values
 781     set in the configuration files.
 782
 783 _/etc/cmdline_::
 784     Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf.
 785
 786 _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_::
 787     Can contain additional command line options.
 788
 789 AUTHOR
 790 ------
 791 Harald Hoyer
 792
 793 SEE ALSO
 794 --------
 795 *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5)