9 dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options
13 The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration
14 file on the kernel command line, as always.
16 The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not
17 encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a
18 label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all
19 available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that
20 device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition
21 with that UUID as the root filesystem.
23 In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by
24 dracut, are described.
26 "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be
27 turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing
28 "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or
29 turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command
30 line is the value, which is honored.
34 **init=**_<path to real init>_::
35 specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has
38 **root=**_<path to blockdevice>_::
39 specify the block device to use as the root filesystem.
45 root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
46 root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root
48 root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
49 root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
52 **rootfstype=**_<filesystem type>_:: "auto" if not specified, e.g.:
58 **rootflags=**_<mount options>_::
59 specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set,
60 _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and
64 do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in
65 _/etc/fstab_ of the real root.
69 **rd.driver.blacklist=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
70 do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
73 **rd.driver.pre=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
74 force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
77 **rd.driver.post=**_<drivername>[,<drivername>,...]_::
78 force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules
79 have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
85 print informational output though "quiet" is set
88 allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
91 set -x for the dracut shell and logs to dmesg, console and
92 _/run/initramfs/init.log_
95 drop to a shell at the end
97 **rd.break=**_{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot}_::
98 drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
101 set udev to loglevel info
104 set udev to loglevel debug
108 **vconsole.keymap=**_<keymap base file name>_::
109 keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory;
110 will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs, e.g.:
113 vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
116 **vconsole.keymap.ext=**_<list of keymap base file names>_::
117 list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as
118 EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
120 **vconsole.unicode**[=_{0|1}_]::
121 boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to
122 _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
124 **vconsole.font=**_<font base file name>_::
125 console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to
126 _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
129 vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16
132 **vconsole.font.map=**_<console map base file name>_::
133 see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans
134 directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
137 **vconsole.font.unimap=**_<unicode table base file name>_::
138 see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps
139 directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
142 **locale.LANG=**_<locale>_::
143 taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in
144 basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will
145 be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs; e.g.:
148 locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8
151 **locale.LC_ALL=**_<locale>_::
152 taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_
158 disable LVM detection
160 **rd.lvm.vg=**_<volume group name>_::
161 only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be
162 specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
164 **rd.lvm.lv=**_<logical volume name>_::
165 only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be
166 specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
169 remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs
174 disable crypto LUKS detection
176 **rd.luks.uuid=**_<luks uuid>_::
177 only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the
178 LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
179 The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
180 LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
181 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
183 **rd.luks.crypttab=0**::
184 do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_
186 crypto LUKS - key on removable device support
187 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
188 **rd.luks.key=**_<keypath>:<keydev>:<luksdev>_::
189 _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly.
191 _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time.
193 If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is:
196 rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key
199 As you see, you can skip colons in such a case.
204 disable MD RAID detection
207 disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead
210 disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead
213 ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
215 **rd.md.waitclean=1**::
216 wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before continuing
218 **rd.md.uuid=**_<md raid uuid>_::
219 only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
220 specified multiple times.
225 disable DM RAID detection
227 **rd.dm.uuid=**_<dm raid uuid>_::
228 only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
229 specified multiple times.
236 **boot=**_<boot device>_::
237 specify the device, where /boot is located. e.g.
241 boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
246 **rd.fips.skipkernel**::
247 skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not
248 in a separate boot partition.
252 **ip=**_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}_::
253 dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop
254 sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with
255 a valid DHCP root-path.
257 auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration
261 ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration
263 **ip=**_<interface>_:_{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}_::
264 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
266 dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
267 auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
269 **ip=**_<client-IP>_:_<server-IP>_:_<gateway-IP>_:_<netmask>_:_<client_hostname>_:_<interface>_:_{none|off}_::
270 explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it
271 in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple
274 **ifname=**_<interface>_:_<MAC>_::
275 Assign network device name <interface> (ie eth0) to the NIC with MAC <MAC>.
276 Note: If you use this option you _must_ specify an ifname= argument for all
277 interfaces used in ip= or fcoe= arguments. This parameter can be specified
280 **bootdev=**_<interface>_::
281 specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from.
282 Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
284 **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]::
285 specify nameserver(s) to use
288 boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming
291 boolean, bring up network even without netroot set
295 **root=**[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
296 mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
297 dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
298 brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix
299 ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".
301 **root=**nfs:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**nfs4:[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_], **root=**_{dhcp|dhcp6}_::
302 root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS
303 options can be specified.
306 root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
307 root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
308 root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
311 **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=[_<server-ip>_:]_<root-dir>_[:_<nfs-options>_]::
312 _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this
313 method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended.
315 **rd.nfs.domain=**_<NFSv4 domain name>_::
316 Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_.
320 **root=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_::
321 protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is
322 provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other
323 associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if
324 the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then
325 used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated
327 link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173].
331 root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
334 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
337 root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
340 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi:[_<username>_:_<password>_[:_<reverse>_:_<password>_]@][_<servername>_]:[_<protocol>_]:[_<port>_][:[_<iscsi_iface_name>_]:[_<netdev_name>_]]:[_<LUN>_]:_<targetname>_ ...::
341 multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks. e.g.:
345 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
346 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
349 If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets. e.g.:
352 netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
355 **root=**_???_ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**_<initiator>_ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**_<target name>_ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**_<target ip>_ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**_<target port>_ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**_<target group>_ **rd.iscsi.username=**_<username>_ **rd.iscsi.password=**_<password>_ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**_<in username>_ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**_<in password>_::
356 manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistartĀ --help+**)
358 **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**::
359 will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
361 **rd.iscsi_param=**_<param>_::
362 <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart.
363 This parameter can be specified multiple times.
367 "netroot=iscsi iscsi_firmware rd.iscsi_param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"
373 iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30
378 **fcoe=**_<edd|interface|MAC>_:_{dcb|nodcb}_::
379 Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or
380 _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is
381 supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note: letters in
382 the MAC-address must be lowercase!
386 **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
387 mount nbd share from <server>
389 **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:_<server>_:_<port>_[:_<fstype>_[:_<mountopts>_[:_<nbdopts>_]]]::
390 root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD
391 options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are
392 directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.
396 **rd.dasd_mod.dasd=**....::
397 same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
399 **rd.dasd=**_<dasd_adaptor device bus ID>_[,readonly=_X_][,use_diag=_X_][,erplog=_X_]::
400 activate DASD device with the given adaptor device bus ID and setting the
401 sysfs attributes to the specified values. This parameter can be specified
406 **rd.zfcp=**_<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>_,_<WWPN>_,_<FCPLUN>_::
407 rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
410 rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
414 ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
418 **rd.znet=**_<nettype>_,_<subchannels>_,_<options>_::
419 rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. e.g.:
422 rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
423 rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,protocol=bar
428 **plymouth.enable=0**::
429 disable the plymouth bootsplash completly.
432 disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs.
436 **masterkey=**_<kernel master key path name>_::
437 Set the path name of the kernel master key. e.g.:
440 masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob
443 **masterkeytype=**_<kernel master key type>_::
444 Set the type of the kernel master key. e.g.:
447 masterkeytype=trusted
450 **evmkey=**_<EVM key path name>_::
451 Set the path name of the EVM key. e.g.:
454 evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob
457 **ecryptfskey=**_<eCryptfs key path name>_::
458 Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. e.g.:
461 ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob
464 Deprecated, renamed Options
465 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
466 Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and their new replacement.
472 rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd_mod.dasd
476 rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug
480 rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid
482 rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist
484 rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post
486 rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre
488 rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0
492 check:: rd.live.check
494 rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug
496 live_dir:: rd.live.dir
498 liveimg:: rd.live.image
500 overlay:: rd.live.overlay
502 readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly
504 reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset
506 live_ram:: rd.live.ram
508 rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0
510 rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid
512 rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath
514 rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0
516 rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid
518 rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf
520 rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv
524 rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot
526 rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize
528 rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg
530 rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0
532 rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0
536 rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid
538 rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain
540 iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator
542 iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name
544 iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip
546 iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port
548 iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group
550 iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username
552 iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password
554 iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username
556 iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password
558 iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0
560 rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0
566 rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash
568 rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug
570 rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info
572 rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0
578 KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap
580 KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap
582 SYSFONT:: vconsole.font
584 CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map
586 UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap
588 UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode
590 EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext
592 Configuration in the Initramfs
593 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
595 Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to
596 set initial values. Command line options will override these values
597 set in the configuration files.
600 Can contain additional command line options.
602 _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_::
603 Can contain additional command line options.
608 Project Leader and Developer
612 *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5)