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1 /* Help friends in C++.
2 Copyright (C) 1997-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GCC.
6 GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
11 GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see
18 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
22 #include "coretypes.h"
25 /* Friend data structures are described in cp-tree.h. */
28 /* The GLOBAL_FRIEND scope (functions, classes, or templates) is
29 regarded as a friend of every class. This is only used by libcc1,
30 to enable GDB's code snippets to access private members without
31 disabling access control in general, which could cause different
32 template overload resolution results when accessibility matters
33 (e.g. tests for an accessible member). */
35 static GTY(()) tree global_friend
;
37 /* Set the GLOBAL_FRIEND for this compilation session. It might be
38 set multiple times, but always to the same scope. */
41 set_global_friend (tree scope
)
43 gcc_checking_assert (scope
!= NULL_TREE
);
44 gcc_assert (!global_friend
|| global_friend
== scope
);
45 global_friend
= scope
;
48 /* Return TRUE if SCOPE is the global friend. */
51 is_global_friend (tree scope
)
53 gcc_checking_assert (scope
!= NULL_TREE
);
55 if (global_friend
== scope
)
61 if (is_specialization_of_friend (global_friend
, scope
))
67 /* Returns nonzero if SUPPLICANT is a friend of TYPE. */
70 is_friend (tree type
, tree supplicant
)
76 if (supplicant
== NULL_TREE
|| type
== NULL_TREE
)
79 if (is_global_friend (supplicant
))
82 declp
= DECL_P (supplicant
);
85 /* It's a function decl. */
87 tree list
= DECL_FRIENDLIST (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type
));
88 tree name
= DECL_NAME (supplicant
);
90 for (; list
; list
= TREE_CHAIN (list
))
92 if (name
== FRIEND_NAME (list
))
94 tree friends
= FRIEND_DECLS (list
);
95 for (; friends
; friends
= TREE_CHAIN (friends
))
97 tree this_friend
= TREE_VALUE (friends
);
99 if (this_friend
== NULL_TREE
)
102 if (supplicant
== this_friend
)
105 if (is_specialization_of_friend (supplicant
, this_friend
))
115 if (same_type_p (supplicant
, type
))
118 list
= CLASSTYPE_FRIEND_CLASSES (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type
)));
119 for (; list
; list
= TREE_CHAIN (list
))
121 tree t
= TREE_VALUE (list
);
123 if (TREE_CODE (t
) == TEMPLATE_DECL
?
124 is_specialization_of_friend (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (supplicant
), t
) :
125 same_type_p (supplicant
, t
))
132 if (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (supplicant
))
133 context
= DECL_CONTEXT (supplicant
);
139 if (TYPE_CLASS_SCOPE_P (supplicant
))
140 /* Nested classes get the same access as their enclosing types, as
141 per DR 45 (this is a change from the standard). */
142 context
= TYPE_CONTEXT (supplicant
);
144 /* Local classes have the same access as the enclosing function. */
145 context
= decl_function_context (TYPE_MAIN_DECL (supplicant
));
148 /* A namespace is not friend to anybody. */
149 if (context
&& TREE_CODE (context
) == NAMESPACE_DECL
)
153 return is_friend (type
, context
);
158 /* Add a new friend to the friends of the aggregate type TYPE.
159 DECL is the FUNCTION_DECL of the friend being added.
161 If COMPLAIN is true, warning about duplicate friend is issued.
162 We want to have this diagnostics during parsing but not
163 when a template is being instantiated. */
166 add_friend (tree type
, tree decl
, bool complain
)
173 if (decl
== error_mark_node
)
176 typedecl
= TYPE_MAIN_DECL (type
);
177 list
= DECL_FRIENDLIST (typedecl
);
178 name
= DECL_NAME (decl
);
179 type
= TREE_TYPE (typedecl
);
183 if (name
== FRIEND_NAME (list
))
185 tree friends
= FRIEND_DECLS (list
);
186 for (; friends
; friends
= TREE_CHAIN (friends
))
188 if (decl
== TREE_VALUE (friends
))
191 warning (OPT_Wredundant_decls
,
192 "%qD is already a friend of class %qT",
198 TREE_VALUE (list
) = tree_cons (NULL_TREE
, decl
,
202 list
= TREE_CHAIN (list
);
205 ctx
= DECL_CONTEXT (decl
);
206 if (ctx
&& CLASS_TYPE_P (ctx
) && !uses_template_parms (ctx
))
207 perform_or_defer_access_check (TYPE_BINFO (ctx
), decl
, decl
,
208 tf_warning_or_error
);
210 maybe_add_class_template_decl_list (type
, decl
, /*friend_p=*/1);
213 DECL_FRIENDLIST (typedecl
)
214 = tree_cons (DECL_NAME (decl
), build_tree_list (NULL_TREE
, decl
),
215 DECL_FRIENDLIST (typedecl
));
216 if (!uses_template_parms (type
))
217 DECL_BEFRIENDING_CLASSES (decl
)
218 = tree_cons (NULL_TREE
, type
,
219 DECL_BEFRIENDING_CLASSES (decl
));
222 /* Make FRIEND_TYPE a friend class to TYPE. If FRIEND_TYPE has already
223 been defined, we make all of its member functions friends of
224 TYPE. If not, we make it a pending friend, which can later be added
225 when its definition is seen. If a type is defined, then its TYPE_DECL's
226 DECL_UNDEFINED_FRIENDS contains a (possibly empty) list of friend
227 classes that are not defined. If a type has not yet been defined,
228 then the DECL_WAITING_FRIENDS contains a list of types
229 waiting to make it their friend. Note that these two can both
230 be in use at the same time!
232 If COMPLAIN is true, warning about duplicate friend is issued.
233 We want to have this diagnostics during parsing but not
234 when a template is being instantiated. */
237 make_friend_class (tree type
, tree friend_type
, bool complain
)
241 /* CLASS_TEMPLATE_DEPTH counts the number of template headers for
242 the enclosing class. FRIEND_DEPTH counts the number of template
243 headers used for this friend declaration. TEMPLATE_MEMBER_P,
244 defined inside the `if' block for TYPENAME_TYPE case, is true if
245 a template header in FRIEND_DEPTH is intended for DECLARATOR.
246 For example, the code
248 template <class T> struct A {
249 template <class U> struct B {
250 template <class V> template <class W>
251 friend class C<V>::D;
255 will eventually give the following results
257 1. CLASS_TEMPLATE_DEPTH equals 2 (for `T' and `U').
258 2. FRIEND_DEPTH equals 2 (for `V' and `W').
259 3. TEMPLATE_MEMBER_P is true (for `W').
261 The friend is a template friend iff FRIEND_DEPTH is nonzero. */
263 int class_template_depth
= template_class_depth (type
);
264 int friend_depth
= 0;
265 if (current_template_depth
)
266 /* When processing a friend declaration at parse time, just compare the
267 current depth to that of the class template. */
268 friend_depth
= current_template_depth
- class_template_depth
;
271 /* Otherwise, we got here from instantiate_class_template. Determine
272 the friend depth by looking at the template parameters used within
274 gcc_checking_assert (class_template_depth
== 0);
275 while (uses_template_parms_level (friend_type
, friend_depth
+ 1))
279 if (! MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (friend_type
)
280 && TREE_CODE (friend_type
) != TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
)
282 /* N1791: If the type specifier in a friend declaration designates a
283 (possibly cv-qualified) class type, that class is declared as a
284 friend; otherwise, the friend declaration is ignored.
286 So don't complain in C++11 mode. */
287 if (cxx_dialect
< cxx11
)
288 pedwarn (input_location
, complain
? 0 : OPT_Wpedantic
,
289 "invalid type %qT declared %<friend%>", friend_type
);
293 friend_type
= cv_unqualified (friend_type
);
295 if (check_for_bare_parameter_packs (friend_type
))
300 /* [temp.friend] Friend declarations shall not declare partial
302 if (CLASS_TYPE_P (friend_type
)
303 && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (friend_type
)
304 && uses_template_parms (friend_type
))
306 error ("partial specialization %qT declared %<friend%>",
311 if (TYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (friend_type
)
312 && !PRIMARY_TEMPLATE_P (TYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (friend_type
)))
314 auto_diagnostic_group d
;
315 error ("%qT is not a template", friend_type
);
316 inform (location_of (friend_type
), "previous declaration here");
317 if (TYPE_CLASS_SCOPE_P (friend_type
)
318 && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (TYPE_CONTEXT (friend_type
))
319 && currently_open_class (TYPE_CONTEXT (friend_type
)))
320 inform (input_location
, "perhaps you need explicit template "
321 "arguments in your nested-name-specifier");
326 /* It makes sense for a template class to be friends with itself,
327 that means the instantiations can be friendly. Other cases are
328 not so meaningful. */
329 if (!friend_depth
&& same_type_p (type
, friend_type
))
332 warning (0, "class %qT is implicitly friends with itself",
339 A friend of a class or class template can be a function or
340 class template, a specialization of a function template or
341 class template, or an ordinary (nontemplate) function or
345 else if (TREE_CODE (friend_type
) == TYPENAME_TYPE
)
347 if (TREE_CODE (TYPENAME_TYPE_FULLNAME (friend_type
))
350 /* template <class U> friend class T::X<U>; */
352 Friend declarations shall not declare partial
354 error ("partial specialization %qT declared %<friend%>",
360 /* We will figure this out later. */
361 bool template_member_p
= false;
363 tree ctype
= TYPE_CONTEXT (friend_type
);
364 tree name
= TYPE_IDENTIFIER (friend_type
);
367 /* We need to distinguish a TYPENAME_TYPE for the non-template
369 template<class T> friend class A<T>::B;
370 vs for the class template B in
371 template<class T> template<class U> friend class A<T>::B; */
372 if (current_template_depth
373 && !uses_template_parms_level (ctype
, current_template_depth
))
374 template_member_p
= true;
376 if (class_template_depth
)
378 /* We rely on tsubst_friend_class to check the
379 validity of the declaration later. */
380 if (template_member_p
)
382 = make_unbound_class_template (ctype
,
384 current_template_parms
,
388 = make_typename_type (ctype
, name
, class_type
, tf_error
);
392 decl
= lookup_member (ctype
, name
, 0, true, tf_warning_or_error
);
395 error ("%qT is not a member of %qT", name
, ctype
);
398 if (template_member_p
&& !DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (decl
))
400 auto_diagnostic_group d
;
401 error ("%qT is not a member class template of %qT",
403 inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl
),
404 "%qD declared here", decl
);
407 if (!template_member_p
&& (TREE_CODE (decl
) != TYPE_DECL
408 || !CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl
))))
410 auto_diagnostic_group d
;
411 error ("%qT is not a nested class of %qT",
413 inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl
),
414 "%qD declared here", decl
);
418 friend_type
= CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (TREE_TYPE (decl
));
422 else if (TREE_CODE (friend_type
) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM
)
424 /* template <class T> friend class T; */
425 error ("template parameter type %qT declared %<friend%>", friend_type
);
428 else if (TREE_CODE (friend_type
) == TEMPLATE_TEMPLATE_PARM
)
429 friend_type
= TYPE_NAME (friend_type
);
430 else if (!CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INFO (friend_type
))
432 /* template <class T> friend class A; where A is not a template */
433 error ("%q#T is not a template", friend_type
);
437 /* template <class T> friend class A; where A is a template */
438 friend_type
= CLASSTYPE_TI_TEMPLATE (friend_type
);
440 if (friend_type
== error_mark_node
)
443 /* See if it is already a friend. */
444 for (classes
= CLASSTYPE_FRIEND_CLASSES (type
);
446 classes
= TREE_CHAIN (classes
))
448 tree probe
= TREE_VALUE (classes
);
450 if (TREE_CODE (friend_type
) == TEMPLATE_DECL
)
452 if (friend_type
== probe
)
455 warning (OPT_Wredundant_decls
,
456 "%qD is already a friend of %qT", probe
, type
);
460 else if (TREE_CODE (probe
) != TEMPLATE_DECL
)
462 if (same_type_p (probe
, friend_type
))
465 warning (OPT_Wredundant_decls
,
466 "%qT is already a friend of %qT", probe
, type
);
474 maybe_add_class_template_decl_list (type
, friend_type
, /*friend_p=*/1);
476 CLASSTYPE_FRIEND_CLASSES (type
)
477 = tree_cons (NULL_TREE
, friend_type
, CLASSTYPE_FRIEND_CLASSES (type
));
478 if (TREE_CODE (friend_type
) == TEMPLATE_DECL
)
479 friend_type
= TREE_TYPE (friend_type
);
480 if (!uses_template_parms (type
))
481 CLASSTYPE_BEFRIENDING_CLASSES (friend_type
)
482 = tree_cons (NULL_TREE
, type
,
483 CLASSTYPE_BEFRIENDING_CLASSES (friend_type
));
487 /* Record DECL (a FUNCTION_DECL) as a friend of the
488 CURRENT_CLASS_TYPE. If DECL is a member function, CTYPE is the
489 class of which it is a member, as named in the friend declaration.
490 DECLARATOR is the name of the friend. FUNCDEF_FLAG is true if the
491 friend declaration is a definition of the function. FLAGS is as
495 do_friend (tree ctype
, tree declarator
, tree decl
,
496 enum overload_flags flags
,
499 gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (decl
) == FUNCTION_DECL
);
500 gcc_assert (!ctype
|| MAYBE_CLASS_TYPE_P (ctype
));
502 /* Friend functions are unique, until proved otherwise. */
503 DECL_UNIQUE_FRIEND_P (decl
) = 1;
505 if (DECL_OVERRIDE_P (decl
) || DECL_FINAL_P (decl
))
506 error ("friend declaration %qD may not have virt-specifiers",
509 if (TREE_CODE (declarator
) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR
)
511 declarator
= TREE_OPERAND (declarator
, 0);
512 if (!identifier_p (declarator
))
513 declarator
= OVL_NAME (declarator
);
518 /* CLASS_TEMPLATE_DEPTH counts the number of template headers for
519 the enclosing class. FRIEND_DEPTH counts the number of template
520 headers used for this friend declaration. TEMPLATE_MEMBER_P is
521 true if a template header in FRIEND_DEPTH is intended for
522 DECLARATOR. For example, the code
524 template <class T> struct A {
525 template <class U> struct B {
526 template <class V> template <class W>
527 friend void C<V>::f(W);
531 will eventually give the following results
533 1. CLASS_TEMPLATE_DEPTH equals 2 (for `T' and `U').
534 2. FRIEND_DEPTH equals 2 (for `V' and `W').
535 3. TEMPLATE_MEMBER_P is true (for `W'). */
537 int class_template_depth
= template_class_depth (current_class_type
);
538 int friend_depth
= current_template_depth
- class_template_depth
;
539 /* We will figure this out later. */
540 bool template_member_p
= false;
542 tree cname
= TYPE_NAME (ctype
);
543 if (TREE_CODE (cname
) == TYPE_DECL
)
544 cname
= DECL_NAME (cname
);
546 /* A method friend. */
547 if (flags
== NO_SPECIAL
&& declarator
== cname
)
548 DECL_CXX_CONSTRUCTOR_P (decl
) = 1;
550 grokclassfn (ctype
, decl
, flags
);
554 if (!uses_template_parms_level (ctype
, class_template_depth
556 template_member_p
= true;
559 /* A nested class may declare a member of an enclosing class
560 to be a friend, so we do lookup here even if CTYPE is in
561 the process of being defined. */
562 if (class_template_depth
563 || COMPLETE_OR_OPEN_TYPE_P (ctype
))
565 if (DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (decl
))
566 /* DECL is a template specialization. No need to
567 build a new TEMPLATE_DECL. */
569 else if (class_template_depth
)
570 /* We rely on tsubst_friend_function to check the
571 validity of the declaration later. */
572 decl
= push_template_decl (decl
, /*is_friend=*/true);
574 decl
= check_classfn (ctype
, decl
,
576 ? current_template_parms
579 if ((template_member_p
580 /* Always pull out the TEMPLATE_DECL if we have a friend
581 template in a class template so that it gets tsubsted
582 properly later on (59956). tsubst_friend_function knows
583 how to tell this apart from a member template. */
584 || (class_template_depth
&& friend_depth
))
585 && decl
&& TREE_CODE (decl
) == FUNCTION_DECL
)
586 decl
= DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl
);
589 add_friend (current_class_type
, decl
, /*complain=*/true);
592 error ("member %qD declared as friend before type %qT defined",
597 /* Namespace-scope friend function. */
598 int is_friend_template
= PROCESSING_REAL_TEMPLATE_DECL_P ();
601 SET_DECL_FRIEND_CONTEXT (decl
, current_class_type
);
603 if (! DECL_USE_TEMPLATE (decl
))
605 /* We must check whether the decl refers to template
606 arguments before push_template_decl adds a reference to
607 the containing template class. */
608 int warn
= (warn_nontemplate_friend
609 && ! funcdef_flag
&& ! is_friend_template
610 && current_template_parms
611 && uses_template_parms (decl
));
613 if (is_friend_template
614 || template_class_depth (current_class_type
) != 0)
615 /* We can't call pushdecl for a template class, since in
616 general, such a declaration depends on template
617 parameters. Instead, we call pushdecl when the class
619 decl
= push_template_decl (decl
, /*is_friend=*/true);
620 else if (current_function_decl
)
621 /* pushdecl will check there's a local decl already. */
622 decl
= pushdecl (decl
, /*hiding=*/true);
625 /* We can't use pushdecl, as we might be in a template
626 class specialization, and pushdecl will insert an
627 unqualified friend decl into the template parameter
628 scope, rather than the namespace containing it. */
629 tree ns
= decl_namespace_context (decl
);
631 push_nested_namespace (ns
);
632 decl
= pushdecl_namespace_level (decl
, /*hiding=*/true);
633 pop_nested_namespace (ns
);
638 static int explained
;
641 auto_diagnostic_group d
;
642 warned
= warning (OPT_Wnon_template_friend
, "friend declaration "
643 "%q#D declares a non-template function", decl
);
644 if (! explained
&& warned
)
646 inform (input_location
, "(if this is not what you intended, "
647 "make sure the function template has already been "
648 "declared and add %<<>%> after the function name "
655 if (decl
== error_mark_node
)
656 return error_mark_node
;
658 add_friend (current_class_type
,
659 is_friend_template
? DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (decl
) : decl
,
666 #include "gt-cp-friend.h"