configure.in (ac_libiberty_warn_cflags): Add -pedantic.

[thirdparty/gcc.git] / libiberty / cp-demangle.c

/* Demangler for IA64 / g++ standard C++ ABI.
   Copyright (C) 2000 CodeSourcery LLC.
   Written by Alex Samuel <samuel@codesourcery.com>. 

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 
*/

/* This file implements demangling of C++ names mangled according to
   the IA64 / g++ standard C++ ABI.  Use the cp_demangle function to
   demangle a mangled name, or compile with the preprocessor macro
   STANDALONE_DEMANGLER defined to create a demangling filter
   executable.  */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <ctype.h>

#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif

#if defined(CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG) || defined(STANDALONE_DEMANGLER)
#include <stdio.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#endif

#include "ansidecl.h"
#include "libiberty.h"
#include "dyn-string.h"
#include "demangle.h"

/* If CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG is defined, a trace of the grammar evaluation,
   and other debugging output, will be generated. */
#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
#define DEMANGLE_TRACE(PRODUCTION, DM) \
  fprintf (stderr, " -> %-24s at position %3d\n", \
           (PRODUCTION), current_position (DM));
#else
#define DEMANGLE_TRACE(PRODUCTION, DM)
#endif

/* If flag_verbose is zero, some simplifications will be made to the
   output to make it easier to read and supress details that are
   generally not of interest to the average C++ programmer.
   Otherwise, the demangled representation will attempt to convey as
   much information as the mangled form.  */
static int flag_verbose;

/* If flag_strict is non-zero, demangle strictly according to the
   specification -- don't demangle special g++ manglings.  */
static int flag_strict;

/* String_list_t is an extended form of dyn_string_t which provides a link
   field.  A string_list_t may safely be cast to and used as a
   dyn_string_t.  */

struct string_list_def
{
  struct dyn_string string;
  struct string_list_def *next;
};

typedef struct string_list_def *string_list_t;

/* Data structure representing a potential substitution.  */

struct substitution_def
{
  /* The demangled text of the substitution.  */
  dyn_string_t text;

  /* The template parameter that this represents, indexed from zero.
     If this is not a template paramter number, the value is
     NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM.  */
  int template_parm_number;

  /* Whether this substitution represents a template item.  */
  int template_p : 1;
};

#define NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM (-1)

/* Data structure representing a template argument list.  */

struct template_arg_list_def
{
  /* The next (lower) template argument list in the stack of currently
     active template arguments.  */
  struct template_arg_list_def *next;

  /* The first element in the list of template arguments in
     left-to-right order.  */
  string_list_t first_argument;

  /* The last element in the arguments lists.  */
  string_list_t last_argument;
};

typedef struct template_arg_list_def *template_arg_list_t;

/* Data structure to maintain the state of the current demangling.  */

struct demangling_def
{
  /* The full mangled name being mangled.  */
  char *name;

  /* Pointer into name at the current position.  */
  char *next;

  /* Stack for strings containing demangled result generated so far.
     Text is emitted to the topmost (first) string.  */
  string_list_t result;

  /* The number of presently available substitutions.  */
  int num_substitutions;

  /* The allocated size of the substitutions array.  */
  int substitutions_allocated;

  /* An array of available substitutions.  The number of elements in
     the array is given by num_substitions, and the allocated array
     size in substitutions_size.  

     The most recent substition is at the end, so

       - `S_'  corresponds to substititutions[num_substitutions - 1] 
       - `S0_' corresponds to substititutions[num_substitutions - 2]

     etc. */
  struct substitution_def *substitutions;

  /* The stack of template argument lists.  */
  template_arg_list_t template_arg_lists;

  /* The most recently demangled source-name.  */
  dyn_string_t last_source_name;
};

typedef struct demangling_def *demangling_t;

/* This type is the standard return code from most functions.  Values
   other than STATUS_OK contain descriptive messages.  */
typedef const char *status_t;

/* Special values that can be used as a status_t.  */
#define STATUS_OK             NULL
#define STATUS_ERROR          "Error."
#define STATUS_UNIMPLEMENTED  "Unimplemented."
#define STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR "Internal error."

static void int_to_dyn_string 
  PARAMS ((int, dyn_string_t));
static string_list_t string_list_new
  PARAMS ((int));
static void string_list_delete
  PARAMS ((string_list_t));
static void result_close_template_list 
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static void result_push
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static string_list_t result_pop
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static int substitution_start
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static void substitution_add
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int, int, int));
static dyn_string_t substitution_get
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int, int *));
#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
static void substitutions_print 
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, FILE *));
#endif
static template_arg_list_t template_arg_list_new
  PARAMS ((void));
static void template_arg_list_delete
  PARAMS ((template_arg_list_t));
static void template_arg_list_add_arg 
  PARAMS ((template_arg_list_t, string_list_t));
static string_list_t template_arg_list_get_arg
  PARAMS ((template_arg_list_t, int));
static void push_template_arg_list
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, template_arg_list_t));
static void pop_to_template_arg_list
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, template_arg_list_t));
#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
static void template_arg_list_print
  PARAMS ((template_arg_list_t, FILE *));
#endif
static template_arg_list_t current_template_arg_list
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static demangling_t demangling_new
  PARAMS ((char *));
static void demangling_delete 
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));

/* The last character of DS.  Warning: DS is evaluated twice.  */
#define dyn_string_last_char(DS)                                        \
  (dyn_string_buf (DS)[dyn_string_length (DS) - 1])

/* Append a space character (` ') to DS if it does not already end
   with one.  */
#define dyn_string_append_space(DS)                                     \
  do                                                                    \
    {                                                                   \
      if (dyn_string_length (DS) > 0                                    \
          && dyn_string_last_char (DS) != ' ')                          \
        dyn_string_append_char ((DS), ' ');                             \
    }                                                                   \
  while (0)

/* Returns the index of the current position in the mangled name.  */
#define current_position(DM)    ((DM)->next - (DM)->name)

/* Returns the character at the current position of the mangled name.  */
#define peek_char(DM)           (*((DM)->next))

/* Returns the character one past the current position of the mangled
   name.  */
#define peek_char_next(DM)                                              \
  (peek_char (DM) == '\0' ? '\0' : (*((DM)->next + 1)))

/* Returns the character at the current position, and advances the
   current position to the next character.  */
#define next_char(DM)           (*((DM)->next)++)

/* Returns non-zero if the current position is the end of the mangled
   name, i.e. one past the last character.  */
#define end_of_name_p(DM)       (peek_char (DM) == '\0')

/* Advances the current position by one character.  */
#define advance_char(DM)        (++(DM)->next)

/* Returns the string containing the current demangled result.  */
#define result_string(DM)       (&(DM)->result->string)

/* Appends a dyn_string_t to the demangled result.  */
#define result_append_string(DM, STRING)                                \
  dyn_string_append (&(DM)->result->string, (STRING))

/* Appends NUL-terminated string CSTR to the demangled result.  */
#define result_append(DM, CSTR)                                         \
  dyn_string_append_cstr (&(DM)->result->string, (CSTR))

/* Appends character CHAR to the demangled result.  */
#define result_append_char(DM, CHAR)                                    \
  dyn_string_append_char (&(DM)->result->string, (CHAR))

/* The length of the current demangled result.  */
#define result_length(DM)                                               \
  dyn_string_length (&(DM)->result->string)

/* Appends a space to the demangled result if the last character is
   not a space.  */
#define result_append_space(DM)                                         \
  dyn_string_append_space (&(DM)->result->string)

/* Evaluate EXPR, which must produce a status_t.  If the status code
   indicates an error, return from the current function with that
   status code.  */
#define RETURN_IF_ERROR(EXPR)                                           \
  do                                                                    \
    {                                                                   \
      status_t s = EXPR;                                                \
      if (s != STATUS_OK)                                               \
        return s;                                                       \
    }                                                                   \
  while (0)

/* Appends a base 10 representation of VALUE to DS.  */

static void 
int_to_dyn_string (value, ds)
     int value;
     dyn_string_t ds;
{
  int i;
  int mask = 1;

  /* Handle zero up front.  */
  if (value == 0)
    {
      dyn_string_append_char (ds, '0');
      return;
    }

  /* For negative numbers, emit a minus sign.  */
  if (value < 0)
    {
      dyn_string_append_char (ds, '-');
      value = -value;
    }
  
  /* Find the power of 10 of the first digit.  */
  i = value;
  while (i > 9)
    {
      mask *= 10;
      i /= 10;
    }

  /* Write the digits.  */
  while (mask > 0)
    {
      int digit = value / mask;
      dyn_string_append_char (ds, '0' + digit);
      value -= digit * mask;
      mask /= 10;
    }
}

/* Creates a new string list node.  The contents of the string are
   empty, but the initial buffer allocation is LENGTH.  The string
   list node should be deleted with string_list_delete.  */

static string_list_t 
string_list_new (length)
     int length;
{
  string_list_t s = 
    (string_list_t) xmalloc (sizeof (struct string_list_def));
  dyn_string_init ((dyn_string_t) s, length);
  return s;
}  

/* Deletes the entire string list starting at NODE.  */

static void
string_list_delete (node)
     string_list_t node;
{
  while (node != NULL)
    {
      string_list_t next = node->next;
      free (node);
      node = next;
    }
}

/* Appends a greater-than character to the demangled result.  If the
   last character is a greater-than character, a space is inserted
   first, so that the two greater-than characters don't look like a
   right shift token.  */

static void
result_close_template_list (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  dyn_string_t s = &dm->result->string;
  if (dyn_string_last_char (s) == '>')
    dyn_string_append_char (s, ' ');
  dyn_string_append_char (s, '>');
}

/* Allocates and pushes a new string onto the demangled results stack
   for DM.  Subsequent demangling with DM will emit to the new string.  */

static void
result_push (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  string_list_t new_string = string_list_new (0);
  new_string->next = (string_list_t) dm->result;
  dm->result = new_string;
}

/* Removes and returns the topmost element on the demangled results
   stack for DM.  The caller assumes ownership for the returned
   string.  */

static string_list_t
result_pop (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  string_list_t top = dm->result;
  dm->result = top->next;
  return top;
}

/* Returns the start position of a fragment of the demangled result
   that will be a substitution candidate.  Should be called at the
   start of productions that can add substitutions.  */

static int
substitution_start (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  return result_length (dm);
}

/* Adds the suffix of the current demangled result of DM starting at
   START_POSITION as a potential substitution.  If TEMPLATE_P is
   non-zero, this potential substitution is a template-id.  

   If TEMPLATE_PARM_NUMBER is not NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM, the substitution
   is for that particular <template-param>, and is distinct from other
   otherwise-identical types and other <template-param>s with
   different indices.  */

static void
substitution_add (dm, start_position, template_p, template_parm_number)
     demangling_t dm;
     int start_position;
     int template_p;
     int template_parm_number;
{
  dyn_string_t result = result_string (dm);
  dyn_string_t substitution = dyn_string_new (0);
  int i;

  dyn_string_substring (substitution, 
                        result, start_position, result_length (dm));

  /* Check whether SUBSTITUTION already occurs.  */
  for (i = 0; i < dm->num_substitutions; ++i)
    if (dyn_string_eq (dm->substitutions[i].text, substitution)
        && dm->substitutions[i].template_parm_number == template_parm_number)
      /* Found SUBSTITUTION already present.  */
      {
        /* Callers expect this function to take ownership of
           SUBSTITUTION, so delete it.  */
        dyn_string_delete (substitution);
        return;
      }

  /* If there's no room for the new entry, grow the array.  */
  if (dm->substitutions_allocated == dm->num_substitutions)
    {
      dm->substitutions_allocated *= 2;
      dm->substitutions = (struct substitution_def *) 
        xrealloc (dm->substitutions,
                  sizeof (struct substitution_def) 
                  * dm->substitutions_allocated);
    }

  /* Add the substitution to the array.  */
  dm->substitutions[i].text = substitution;
  dm->substitutions[i].template_p = template_p;
  dm->substitutions[i].template_parm_number = template_parm_number;
  ++dm->num_substitutions;

#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
  substitutions_print (dm, stderr);
#endif
}

/* Returns the Nth-most-recent substitution.  Sets *TEMPLATE_P to
   non-zero if the substitution is a template-id, zero otherwise.  
   N is numbered from zero.  DM retains ownership of the returned
   string.  If N is negative, or equal to or greater than the current
   number of substitution candidates, returns NULL.  */

static dyn_string_t
substitution_get (dm, n, template_p)
     demangling_t dm;
     int n;
     int *template_p;
{
  struct substitution_def *sub;

  /* Make sure N is in the valid range.  */
  if (n < 0 || n >= dm->num_substitutions)
    return NULL;

  sub = &(dm->substitutions[n]);
  *template_p = sub->template_p;
  return sub->text;
}

#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
/* Debugging routine to print the current substitutions to FP.  */

static void
substitutions_print (dm, fp)
     demangling_t dm;
     FILE *fp;
{
  int seq_id;
  int num = dm->num_substitutions;

  fprintf (fp, "SUBSTITUTIONS:\n");
  for (seq_id = -1; seq_id < num - 1; ++seq_id)
    {
      int template_p;
      dyn_string_t text = substitution_get (dm, seq_id + 1, &template_p);

      if (seq_id == -1)
        fprintf (fp, " S_ ");
      else
        fprintf (fp, " S%d_", seq_id);
      fprintf (fp, " %c: %s\n", template_p ? '*' : ' ', dyn_string_buf (text));
    }
}

#endif /* CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG */

/* Creates a new template argument list.  */

static template_arg_list_t
template_arg_list_new ()
{
  template_arg_list_t new_list 
    = (template_arg_list_t) xmalloc (sizeof (struct template_arg_list_def));
  /* Initialize the new list to have no arguments.  */
  new_list->first_argument = NULL;
  new_list->last_argument = NULL;
  /* Return the new list.  */
  return new_list;
}

/* Deletes a template argument list and the template arguments it
   contains.  */

static void
template_arg_list_delete (list)
     template_arg_list_t list;
{
  /* If there are any arguments on LIST, delete them.  */
  if (list->first_argument != NULL)
    string_list_delete (list->first_argument);
  /* Delete LIST.  */
  free (list);
}

/* Adds ARG to the template argument list ARG_LIST.  */

static void 
template_arg_list_add_arg (arg_list, arg)
     template_arg_list_t arg_list;
     string_list_t arg;
{
  if (arg_list->first_argument == NULL)
    /* If there were no arguments before, ARG is the first one.  */
    arg_list->first_argument = arg;
  else
    /* Make ARG the last argument on the list.  */
    arg_list->last_argument->next = arg;
  /* Make ARG the last on the list.  */
  arg_list->last_argument = arg;
  arg->next = NULL;
}

/* Returns the template arugment at position INDEX in template
   argument list ARG_LIST.  */

static string_list_t
template_arg_list_get_arg (arg_list, index)
     template_arg_list_t arg_list;
     int index;
{
  string_list_t arg = arg_list->first_argument;
  /* Scan down the list of arguments to find the one at position
     INDEX.  */
  while (index--)
    {
      arg = arg->next;
      if (arg == NULL)
        /* Ran out of arguments before INDEX hit zero.  That's an
           error.  */
        return NULL;
    }
  /* Return the argument at position INDEX.  */
  return arg;
}

/* Pushes ARG_LIST onto the top of the template argument list stack.  */

static void
push_template_arg_list (dm, arg_list)
     demangling_t dm;
     template_arg_list_t arg_list;
{
  arg_list->next = dm->template_arg_lists;
  dm->template_arg_lists = arg_list;
#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
  fprintf (stderr, " ** pushing template arg list\n");
  template_arg_list_print (arg_list, stderr);
#endif 
}

/* Pops and deletes elements on the template argument list stack until
   arg_list is the topmost element.  If arg_list is NULL, all elements
   are popped and deleted.  */

static void
pop_to_template_arg_list (dm, arg_list)
     demangling_t dm;
     template_arg_list_t arg_list;
{
  while (dm->template_arg_lists != arg_list)
    {
      template_arg_list_t top = dm->template_arg_lists;
      /* Disconnect the topmost element from the list.  */
      dm->template_arg_lists = top->next;
      /* Delete the popped element.  */
      template_arg_list_delete (top);
#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG
      fprintf (stderr, " ** removing template arg list\n");
#endif
    }
}

#ifdef CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG

/* Prints the contents of ARG_LIST to FP.  */

static void
template_arg_list_print (arg_list, fp)
  template_arg_list_t arg_list;
  FILE *fp;
{
  string_list_t arg;
  int index = -1;

  fprintf (fp, "TEMPLATE ARGUMENT LIST:\n");
  for (arg = arg_list->first_argument; arg != NULL; arg = arg->next)
    {
      if (index == -1)
        fprintf (fp, " T_  : ");
      else
        fprintf (fp, " T%d_ : ", index);
      ++index;
      fprintf (fp, "%s\n", dyn_string_buf ((dyn_string_t) arg));
    }
}

#endif /* CP_DEMANGLE_DEBUG */

/* Returns the topmost element on the stack of template argument
   lists.  If there is no list of template arguments, returns NULL.  */

static template_arg_list_t
current_template_arg_list (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  return dm->template_arg_lists;
}

/* Allocates a demangling_t object for demangling mangled NAME.  A new
   result must be pushed before the returned object can be used.  */

static demangling_t
demangling_new (name)
     char *name;
{
  demangling_t dm = (demangling_t) 
    xmalloc (sizeof (struct demangling_def));

  dm->name = name;
  dm->next = name;
  dm->result = NULL;
  dm->last_source_name = dyn_string_new (0);
  dm->num_substitutions = 0;
  dm->substitutions_allocated = 10;
  dm->substitutions = (struct substitution_def *) 
    xmalloc (dm->substitutions_allocated * sizeof (struct substitution_def));
  dm->template_arg_lists = NULL;

  return dm;
}

/* Deallocates a demangling_t object and all memory associated with
   it.  */

static void
demangling_delete (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  int i;
  template_arg_list_t arg_list = dm->template_arg_lists;

  /* Delete the stack of template argument lists.  */
  while (arg_list != NULL)
    {
      template_arg_list_t next = arg_list->next;
      template_arg_list_delete (arg_list);
      arg_list = next;
    }
  /* Delete the list of substitutions.  */
  for (i = dm->num_substitutions; --i >= 0; )
    dyn_string_delete (dm->substitutions[i].text);
  free (dm->substitutions);
  /* Delete the demangled result.  */
  string_list_delete (dm->result);
  /* Delete the stored identifier name.  */
  dyn_string_delete (dm->last_source_name);
  /* Delete the context object itself.  */
  free (dm);
}

/* These functions demangle an alternative of the corresponding
   production in the mangling spec.  The first argument of each is a
   demangling context structure for the current demangling
   operation.  Most emit demangled text directly to the topmost result
   string on the result string stack in the demangling context
   structure.  */

static status_t demangle_char
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int));
static status_t demangle_mangled_name 
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_encoding
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *));
static status_t demangle_nested_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *));
static status_t demangle_prefix
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *));
static status_t demangle_unqualified_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_source_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_number
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *, int, int));
static status_t demangle_number_literally
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, dyn_string_t, int, int));
static status_t demangle_identifier
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int, dyn_string_t));
static status_t demangle_operator_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int, int *));
static status_t demangle_special_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_ctor_dtor_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_type_ptr
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_CV_qualifiers
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, dyn_string_t));
static status_t demangle_builtin_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_function_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int));
static status_t demangle_bare_function_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int));
static status_t demangle_class_enum_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *));
static status_t demangle_array_type
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_template_param
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *));
static status_t demangle_template_args
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_literal
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_template_arg
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_expression
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_scope_expression
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_expr_primary
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_substitution
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int *, int *));
static status_t demangle_local_name
  PARAMS ((demangling_t));
static status_t demangle_discriminator 
  PARAMS ((demangling_t, int));
static status_t cp_demangle
  PARAMS ((char *, dyn_string_t));

/* When passed to demangle_bare_function_type, indicates that the
   function's return type is not encoded before its parameter types.  */
#define BFT_NO_RETURN_TYPE    -1

/* Check that the next character is C.  If so, consume it.  If not,
   return an error.  */

static status_t
demangle_char (dm, c)
     demangling_t dm;
     int c;
{
  static char *error_message = NULL;

  if (peek_char (dm) == c)
    {
      advance_char (dm);
      return STATUS_OK;
    }
  else
    {
      if (error_message == NULL)
        error_message = strdup ("Expected ?");
      error_message[9] = c;
      return error_message;
    }
}

/* Demangles and emits a <mangled-name>.  

    <mangled-name>      ::= _Z <encoding>  */

static status_t
demangle_mangled_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("mangled-name", dm);
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'Z'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits an <encoding>.  

    <encoding>          ::= <function name> <bare-function-type>
                        ::= <data name>
                        ::= <substitution>  */

static status_t
demangle_encoding (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  int template_p;
  int special_std_substitution;
  int start_position;
  int start = substitution_start (dm);
  template_arg_list_t old_arg_list = current_template_arg_list (dm);
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("encoding", dm);
  
  /* Remember where the name starts.  If it turns out to be a template
     function, we'll have to insert the return type here.  */
  start_position = result_length (dm);

  if (peek == 'S')
    {
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_substitution (dm, &template_p,
                                              &special_std_substitution));
      if (special_std_substitution)
        {
          /* This was the magic `std::' substitution.  */
          result_append (dm, "::");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
        }
    }
  else if (peek == 'G' || peek == 'T')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_special_name (dm));
  else
    {
      /* Now demangle the name.  */
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_name (dm, &template_p));

      /* If there's anything left, the name was a function name, with
         maybe its return type, and its parameters types, following.  */
      if (!end_of_name_p (dm) 
          && peek_char (dm) != 'E')
        {
          if (template_p)
            /* Template functions have their return type encoded.  The
               return type should be inserted at start_position.  */
            RETURN_IF_ERROR 
              (demangle_bare_function_type (dm, start_position));
          else
            /* Non-template functions don't have their return type
               encoded.  */
            RETURN_IF_ERROR 
              (demangle_bare_function_type (dm, BFT_NO_RETURN_TYPE)); 
        }

      substitution_add (dm, start, template_p, NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM);
    }

  /* Pop off template argument lists that were built during the
     mangling of this name, to restore the old template context.  */
  pop_to_template_arg_list (dm, old_arg_list);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <name>.

    <name>              ::= <unscoped-name>
                        ::= <unscoped-template-name> <template-args>
                        ::= <nested-name>
                        ::= <local-name>

    <unscoped-name>     ::= <unqualified-name>
                        ::= St <unqualified-name>   # ::std::

    <unscoped-template-name>    
                        ::= <unscoped-name>
                        ::= <substitution>  */

static status_t
demangle_name (dm, template_p)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_p;
{
  int special_std_substitution;
  int start = substitution_start (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("name", dm);

  switch (peek_char (dm))
    {
    case 'N':
      /* This is a <nested-name>.  */
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_nested_name (dm, template_p));
      break;

    case 'Z':
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_local_name (dm));
      break;

    case 'S':
      /* The `St' substitution allows a name nested in std:: to appear
         without being enclosed in a nested name.
           <name> ::= St <unqualified-name>     # ::std::  */
      if (peek_char_next (dm) == 't') 
        {
          (void) next_char (dm);
          (void) next_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "std::");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_unqualified_name (dm));
        }
      else
        {
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_substitution (dm, template_p,
                                                  &special_std_substitution));
          if (special_std_substitution)
            {
              /* This was the magic `std::' substitution.  We can have
                 a <nested-name> or one of the unscoped names
                 following.  */
              result_append (dm, "::");
              RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_name (dm, template_p));
            }
        }
      break;

    default:
      /* This is an <unscoped-name> or <unscoped-template-name>.  */
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_unqualified_name (dm));

      /* If the <unqualified-name> is followed by template args, this
         is an <unscoped-template-name>.  */
      if (peek_char (dm) == 'I')
        {
          /* Add a substitution for the unqualified template name.  */
          substitution_add (dm, start, 0, NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM);

          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_args (dm));
          *template_p = 1;
        }
      else
        *template_p = 0;

      break;
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <nested-name>. 

    <nested-name>       ::= N [<CV-qualifiers>] <prefix> <component> E  */

static status_t
demangle_nested_name (dm, template_p)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_p;
{
  char peek;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("nested-name", dm);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'N'));

  peek = peek_char (dm);
  if (peek == 'r' || peek == 'V' || peek == 'K')
    {
      /* Snarf up and emit CV qualifiers.  */
      dyn_string_t cv_qualifiers = dyn_string_new (24);
      demangle_CV_qualifiers (dm, cv_qualifiers);
      result_append_string (dm, cv_qualifiers);
      dyn_string_delete (cv_qualifiers);
      result_append_space (dm);
    }
  
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_prefix (dm, template_p));
  /* No need to demangle the final <component>; demangle_prefix will
     handle it.  */
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'E'));

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <prefix>.

    <prefix>            ::= <prefix> <component>
                        ::= <template-prefix> <template-args>
                        ::= # empty
                        ::= <substitution>

    <template-prefix>   ::= <prefix>
                        ::= <substitution>

    <component>         ::= <unqualified-name>
                        ::= <local-name>  */

static status_t
demangle_prefix (dm, template_p)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_p;
{
  int start = substitution_start (dm);
  int nested = 0;

  /* TEMPLATE_P is updated as we decend the nesting chain.  After
     <template-args>, it is set to non-zero; after everything else it
     is set to zero.  */

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("prefix", dm);

  while (1)
    {
      char peek;
      int unused;

      if (end_of_name_p (dm))
        return "Unexpected end of name in <compound-name>.";

      peek = peek_char (dm);
      
      if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek)
          || (peek >= 'a' && peek <= 'z')
          || peek == 'C' || peek == 'D'
          || peek == 'S')
        {
          /* We have another level of scope qualification.  */
          if (nested)
            result_append (dm, "::");
          else
            nested = 1;

          if (peek == 'S')
            /* The substitution determines whether this is a
               template-id.   */
            RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_substitution (dm, template_p, 
                                                    &unused));
          else
            {
              RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_unqualified_name (dm));
              *template_p = 0;
            }
        }
      else if (peek == 'Z')
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_local_name (dm));
      else if (peek == 'I')
        {
          if (*template_p)
            return STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR;
          /* The template name is a substitution candidate.  */
          substitution_add (dm, start, 0, NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM);
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_args (dm));
          *template_p = 1;
        }
      else if (peek == 'E')
        /* All done.  */
        return STATUS_OK;
      else
        return "Unexpected character in <compound-name>.";

      /* Add a new substitution for the prefix thus far.  */
      substitution_add (dm, start, *template_p, NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM);
    }
}

/* Demangles and emits an <unqualified-name>.  If the
   <unqualified-name> is a function and the first element in the
   argument list should be taken to be its return type,
   ENCODE_RETURN_TYPE is non-zero.

    <unqualified-name>  ::= <operator-name>
                        ::= <special-name>  
                        ::= <source-name>  */

static status_t
demangle_unqualified_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("unqualified-name", dm);

  if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek))
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_source_name (dm));
  else if (peek >= 'a' && peek <= 'z')
    {
      int num_args;
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_operator_name (dm, 0, &num_args));
    }
  else if (peek == 'C' || peek == 'D')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_ctor_dtor_name (dm));
  else
    return "Unexpected character in <unqualified-name>.";

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits <source-name>.  

    <source-name> ::= <length number> <identifier>  */

static status_t
demangle_source_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  int length;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("source-name", dm);

  /* Decode the length of the identifier.  */
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number (dm, &length, 10, 0));
  if (length == 0)
    return "Zero length in <source-name>.";

  /* Now the identifier itself.  It's placed into last_source_name,
     where it can be used to build a constructor or destructor name.  */
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_identifier (dm, length, 
                                        dm->last_source_name));

  /* Emit it.  */
  result_append_string (dm, dm->last_source_name);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles a number, either a <number> or a <positive-number> at the
   current position, consuming all consecutive digit characters.  Sets
   *VALUE to the resulting numberand returns STATUS_OK.  The number is
   interpreted as BASE, which must be either 10 or 36.  If IS_SIGNED
   is non-zero, negative numbers -- prefixed with `n' -- are accepted.

    <number> ::= [n] <positive-number>

    <positive-number> ::= <decimal integer>  */

static status_t
demangle_number (dm, value, base, is_signed)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *value;
     int base;
     int is_signed;
{
  dyn_string_t number = dyn_string_new (10);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("number", dm);

  demangle_number_literally (dm, number, base, is_signed);
  *value = strtol (dyn_string_buf (number), NULL, base);
  dyn_string_delete (number);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles a number at the current position.  The digits (and minus
   sign, if present) that make up the number are appended to STR.
   Only base-BASE digits are accepted; BASE must be either 10 or 36.
   If IS_SIGNED, negative numbers -- prefixed with `n' -- are
   accepted.  Does not consume a trailing underscore or other
   terminating character.  */

static status_t
demangle_number_literally (dm, str, base, is_signed)
     demangling_t dm;
     dyn_string_t str;
     int base;
     int is_signed;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("number*", dm);

  if (base != 10 && base != 36)
    return STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR;

  /* An `n' denotes a negative number.  */
  if (is_signed && peek_char (dm) == 'n')
    {
      /* Skip past the n.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      /* The normal way to write a negative number is with a minus
         sign.  */
      dyn_string_append_char (str, '-');
    }

  /* Loop until we hit a non-digit.  */
  while (1)
    {
      char peek = peek_char (dm);
      if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek)
          || (base == 36 && peek >= 'A' && peek <= 'Z'))
        /* Accumulate digits.  */
        dyn_string_append_char (str, next_char (dm));
      else
        /* Not a digit?  All done.  */
        break;
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles an identifier at the current position of LENGTH
   characters and places it in IDENTIFIER.  */

static status_t
demangle_identifier (dm, length, identifier)
     demangling_t dm;
     int length;
     dyn_string_t identifier;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("identifier", dm);

  dyn_string_clear (identifier);
  dyn_string_resize (identifier, length);
  while (length-- > 0)
    {
      if (end_of_name_p (dm))
        return "Unexpected end of name in <identifier>.";
      dyn_string_append_char (identifier, next_char (dm));
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits an <operator-name>.  If SHORT_NAME is non-zero,
   the short form is emitted; otherwise the full source form
   (`operator +' etc.) is emitted.  *NUM_ARGS is set to the number of
   operands that the operator takes.  

    <operator-name>
                  ::= nw        # new           
                  ::= na        # new[]
                  ::= dl        # delete        
                  ::= da        # delete[]      
                  ::= ps        # + (unary)
                  ::= ng        # - (unary)     
                  ::= ad        # & (unary)     
                  ::= de        # * (unary)     
                  ::= co        # ~             
                  ::= pl        # +             
                  ::= mi        # -             
                  ::= ml        # *             
                  ::= dv        # /             
                  ::= rm        # %             
                  ::= an        # &             
                  ::= or        # |             
                  ::= eo        # ^             
                  ::= aS        # =             
                  ::= pL        # +=            
                  ::= mI        # -=            
                  ::= mL        # *=            
                  ::= dV        # /=            
                  ::= rM        # %=            
                  ::= aN        # &=            
                  ::= oR        # |=            
                  ::= eO        # ^=            
                  ::= ls        # <<            
                  ::= rs        # >>            
                  ::= lS        # <<=           
                  ::= rS        # >>=           
                  ::= eq        # ==            
                  ::= ne        # !=            
                  ::= lt        # <             
                  ::= gt        # >             
                  ::= le        # <=            
                  ::= ge        # >=            
                  ::= nt        # !             
                  ::= aa        # &&            
                  ::= oo        # ||            
                  ::= pp        # ++            
                  ::= mm        # --            
                  ::= cm        # ,             
                  ::= pm        # ->*           
                  ::= pt        # ->            
                  ::= cl        # ()            
                  ::= ix        # []            
                  ::= qu        # ?
                  ::= sz        # sizeof 
                  ::= cv <type> # cast        
                  ::= vx <source-name>  # vendor extended operator  */

static status_t
demangle_operator_name (dm, short_name, num_args)
     demangling_t dm;
     int short_name;
     int *num_args;
{
  struct operator_code
  {
    /* The mangled code for this operator.  */
    const char *code;
    /* The source name of this operator.  */
    const char *name;
    /* The number of arguments this operator takes.  */
    int num_args;
  };

  static const struct operator_code operators[] = 
  {
    { "aN", "&="       , 2 },
    { "aS", "="        , 2 },
    { "aa", "&&"       , 2 },
    { "ad", "&"        , 1 },
    { "an", "&"        , 2 },
    { "cl", "()"       , 0 },
    { "cm", ","        , 2 },
    { "co", "~"        , 1 },
    { "dV", "/="       , 2 },
    { "da", "delete[]" , 1 },
    { "de", "*"        , 1 },
    { "dl", "delete"   , 1 },
    { "dv", "/"        , 2 },
    { "eO", "^="       , 2 },
    { "eo", "^"        , 2 },
    { "eq", "=="       , 2 },
    { "ge", ">="       , 2 },
    { "gt", ">"        , 2 },
    { "ix", "[]"       , 2 },
    { "lS", "<<="      , 2 },
    { "le", "<="       , 2 },
    { "ls", "<<"       , 2 },
    { "lt", "<"        , 2 },
    { "mI", "-="       , 2 },
    { "mL", "*="       , 2 },
    { "mi", "-"        , 2 },
    { "ml", "*"        , 2 },
    { "mm", "--"       , 1 },
    { "na", "new[]"    , 1 },
    { "ne", "!="       , 2 },
    { "ng", "-"        , 1 },
    { "nt", "!"        , 1 },
    { "nw", "new"      , 1 },
    { "oR", "|="       , 2 },
    { "oo", "||"       , 2 },
    { "or", "|"        , 2 },
    { "pL", "+="       , 2 },
    { "pl", "+"        , 2 },
    { "pm", "->*"      , 2 },
    { "pp", "++"       , 1 },
    { "ps", "+"        , 1 },
    { "qu", "?"        , 3 },
    { "rM", "%="       , 2 },
    { "rS", ">>="      , 2 },
    { "rm", "%"        , 2 },
    { "rs", ">>"       , 2 },
    { "sz", "sizeof"   , 1 }
  };

  const int num_operators = 
    sizeof (operators) / sizeof (struct operator_code);

  int c0 = next_char (dm);
  int c1 = next_char (dm);
  const struct operator_code* p1 = operators;
  const struct operator_code* p2 = operators + num_operators;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("operator-name", dm);

  /* Is this a vendor extended operator?  */
  if (c0 == 'v' && c1 == 'x')
    {
      result_append (dm, "operator");
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_source_name (dm));
      *num_args = 0;
      return STATUS_OK;
    }

  /* Is this a conversion operator?  */
  if (c0 == 'c' && c1 == 'v')
    {
      result_append (dm, "operator ");
      /* Demangle the converted-to type.  */
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
      *num_args = 0;
      return STATUS_OK;
    }

  /* Perform a binary search for the operator code.  */
  while (1)
    {
      const struct operator_code* p = p1 + (p2 - p1) / 2;
      char match0 = p->code[0];
      char match1 = p->code[1];

      if (c0 == match0 && c1 == match1)
        /* Found it.  */
        {
          if (!short_name)
            result_append (dm, "operator");
          result_append (dm, p->name);
          *num_args = p->num_args;

          return STATUS_OK;
        }

      if (p == p1)
        /* Couldn't find it.  */
        return "Unknown code in <operator-name>.";

      /* Try again.  */
      if (c0 < match0 || (c0 == match0 && c1 < match1))
        p2 = p;
      else
        p1 = p;
    }
}

/* Demangles and emits a <special-name>.  

    <special-name> ::= GV <object name>   # Guard variable
                   ::= Th[n] <offset number> _ <base name> <base encoding>
                                          # non-virtual base override thunk
                   ::= Tv[n] <offset number> _ <vcall offset number> 
                         _ <base encoding>
                                          # virtual base override thunk
                   ::= TV <type>          # virtual table
                   ::= TT <type>          # VTT
                   ::= TI <type>          # typeinfo structure
                   ::= TS <type>          # typeinfo name  

   Also demangles the special g++ mangling,

    <special-name> ::= CT <type> <offset number> _ <base type>
                                          # construction vtable  */

static status_t
demangle_special_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  dyn_string_t number;
  int unused;
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("special-name", dm);

  if (peek == 'G')
    {
      /* A guard variable name.  Consume the G.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'V'));
      result_append (dm, "guard variable for ");
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_name (dm, &unused));
    }
  else if (peek == 'T')
    {
      /* Other C++ implementation miscellania.  Consume the T.  */
      advance_char (dm);

      switch (peek_char (dm))
        {
        case 'V':
          /* Virtual table.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "vtable for ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          break;

        case 'T':
          /* VTT structure.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "VTT for ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          break;

        case 'I':
          /* Typeinfo structure.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "typeinfo for ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          break;

        case 'S':
          /* Character string containing type name, used in typeinfo. */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "typeinfo name for ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          break;

        case 'h':
          /* Non-virtual thunk.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "non-virtual thunk");
          /* Demangle and emit the offset.  */
          number = dyn_string_new (4);
          demangle_number_literally (dm, number, 10, 1);
          /* Don't display the offset unless in verbose mode.  */
          if (flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append_char (dm, ' ');
              result_append_string (dm, number);
            }
          dyn_string_delete (number);
          /* Demangle the separator.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
          /* Demangle and emit the target name and function type.  */
          result_append (dm, " to ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
          break;

        case 'v':
          /* Virtual thunk.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          result_append (dm, "virtual thunk ");
          /* Demangle and emit the offset.  */
          number = dyn_string_new (4);
          demangle_number_literally (dm, number, 10, 1);
          /* Don't display the offset unless in verbose mode.  */
          if (flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append_string (dm, number);
              result_append_char (dm, ' ');
            }
          dyn_string_delete (number);
          /* Demangle the separator.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
          /* Demangle and emit the vcall offset.  */
          number = dyn_string_new (4);
          demangle_number_literally (dm, number, 10, 1);
          /* Don't display the vcall offset unless in verbose mode.  */
          if (flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append_string (dm, number);
              result_append_char (dm, ' ');
            }
          dyn_string_delete (number);
          /* Demangle the separator.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
          /* Demangle and emit the target function.  */
          result_append (dm, "to ");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
          break;

        case 'C':
          /* TC is a special g++ mangling for a construction vtable. */
          if (!flag_strict)
            {
              advance_char (dm);
              result_append (dm, "construction vtable for ");
              RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
              /* Demangle the offset.  */
              number = dyn_string_new (4);
              demangle_number_literally (dm, number, 10, 1);
              /* Demangle the underscore separator.  */
              RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
              /* Demangle the base type.  */
              result_append (dm, "-in-");
              RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
              /* Don't display the offset unless in verbose mode.  */
              if (flag_verbose)
                {
                  result_append_char (dm, ' ');
                  result_append_string (dm, number);
                }
              dyn_string_delete (number);
              break;
            }
          /* If flag_strict, fall through.  */

        default:
          return "Unrecognized <special-name>.";
        }
    }
  else
    return STATUS_ERROR;

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <ctor-dtor-name>.  
   
    <ctor-dtor-name>
                   ::= C1  # complete object (in-charge) ctor
                   ::= C2  # base object (not-in-charge) ctor
                   ::= C3  # complete object (in-charge) allocating ctor
                   ::= C4  # base object (not-in-charge) allocating ctor
                   ::= D0  # deleting (in-charge) dtor
                   ::= D1  # complete object (in-charge) dtor
                   ::= D2  # base object (not-in-charge) dtor  */

static status_t
demangle_ctor_dtor_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  static const char *const ctor_flavors[] = 
  {
    "in-charge",
    "not-in-charge",
    "in-charge allocating",
    "not-in-charge allocating"
  };
  static const char *const dtor_flavors[] = 
  {
    "in-charge deleting",
    "in-charge",
    "not-in-charge"
  };

  int flavor;
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("ctor-dtor-name", dm);
  
  if (peek == 'C')
    {
      /* A constructor name.  Consume the C.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      if (peek_char (dm) < '1' || peek_char (dm) > '4')
        return "Unrecognized constructor.";
      result_append_string (dm, dm->last_source_name);
      /* Print the flavor of the constructor if in verbose mode.  */
      flavor = next_char (dm) - '1';
      if (flag_verbose)
        {
          result_append (dm, "[");
          result_append (dm, ctor_flavors[flavor]);
          result_append_char (dm, ']');
        }
    }
  else if (peek == 'D')
    {
      /* A destructor name.  Consume the D.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      if (peek_char (dm) < '0' || peek_char (dm) > '2')
        return "Unrecognized destructor.";
      result_append_char (dm, '~');
      result_append_string (dm, dm->last_source_name);
      /* Print the flavor of the destructor if in verbose mode.  */
      flavor = next_char (dm) - '0';
      if (flag_verbose)
        {
          result_append (dm, " [");
          result_append (dm, dtor_flavors[flavor]);
          result_append_char (dm, ']');
        }
    }
  else
    return STATUS_ERROR;

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Handle pointer, reference, and pointer-to-member cases for
   demangle_type.  All consecutive `P's, `R's, and 'M's are joined to
   build a pointer/reference type.  We snarf all these, plus the
   following <type>, all at once since we need to know whether we have
   a pointer to data or pointer to function to construct the right
   output syntax.  C++'s pointer syntax is hairy.  

     <type> ::= P <type>
            ::= R <type>
            ::= <pointer-to-member-type>

     <pointer-to-member-type> ::= M </class/ type> </member/ type>  */

static status_t
demangle_type_ptr (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  char next;
  status_t status;

  /* Collect pointer symbols into this string.  */
  dyn_string_t symbols = dyn_string_new (10);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("type*", dm);

  /* Scan forward, collecting pointers and references into symbols,
     until we hit something else.  Then emit the type.  */
  while (1)
    {
      next = peek_char (dm);
      if (next == 'P')
        {
          dyn_string_append_char (symbols, '*');
          advance_char (dm);
        }
      else if (next == 'R')
        {
          dyn_string_append_char (symbols, '&');
          advance_char (dm);
        }
      else if (next == 'M')
        {
          /* Pointer-to-member.  */
          dyn_string_t class_type;

          /* Eat the 'M'.  */
          advance_char (dm);

          /* Capture the type of which this is a pointer-to-member.  */
          result_push (dm);
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          class_type = (dyn_string_t) result_pop (dm);

          /* Build the pointer-to-member notation.  It comes before
             other pointer and reference qualifiers -- */
          dyn_string_prepend_cstr (symbols, "::*");
          dyn_string_prepend (symbols, class_type);
          dyn_string_delete (class_type);

          if (peek_char (dm) == 'F')
            continue;

          /* Demangle the type of the pointed-to member.  */
          status = demangle_type (dm);
          /* Make it pretty.  */
          result_append_space (dm);
          /* Add the pointer-to-member syntax, and other pointer and
             reference symbols.  */
          result_append_string (dm, symbols);
          /* Clean up.  */
          dyn_string_delete (symbols);

          RETURN_IF_ERROR (status);
          return STATUS_OK;
        }
      else if (next == 'F')
        {
          /* Ooh, tricky, a pointer-to-function.  */
          int position = result_length (dm);
          result_append_char (dm, '(');
          result_append_string (dm, symbols);
          result_append_char (dm, ')');
          dyn_string_delete (symbols);

          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_function_type (dm, position));
          return STATUS_OK;
        }
      else
        {
          /* No more pointe or reference tokens.  Finish up.  */
          status = demangle_type (dm);

          result_append_string (dm, symbols);
          dyn_string_delete (symbols);

          RETURN_IF_ERROR (status);
          return STATUS_OK;
        }
    }
}

/* Demangles and emits a <type>.  

    <type> ::= <builtin-type>
           ::= <function-type>
           ::= <class-enum-type>
           ::= <array-type>
           ::= <pointer-to-member-type>
           ::= <template-param>
           ::= <CV-qualifiers> <type>
           ::= P <type>   # pointer-to
           ::= R <type>   # reference-to
           ::= C <type>   # complex pair (C 2000)
           ::= G <type>   # imaginary (C 2000)
           ::= U <source-name> <type>     # vendor extended type qualifier
           ::= <substitution>  */

static status_t
demangle_type (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  int start = substitution_start (dm);
  char peek = peek_char (dm);
  int template_p = 0;
  int special_std_substitution;
  int is_builtin_type = 0;
  template_arg_list_t old_arg_list = current_template_arg_list (dm);
  int template_parm = NOT_TEMPLATE_PARM;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("type", dm);

  /* A <class-enum-type> can start with a digit (a <source-name>), an
     N (a <nested-name>), or a Z (a <local-name>).  */
  if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek) || peek == 'N' || peek == 'Z')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_class_enum_type (dm, &template_p));
  else if (peek >= 'a' && peek <= 'z')
    {
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_builtin_type (dm));
      is_builtin_type = 1;
    }
  else
    switch (peek)
      {
      case 'r':
      case 'V':
      case 'K':
        {
          status_t status;
          dyn_string_t cv_qualifiers = dyn_string_new (24);
          demangle_CV_qualifiers (dm, cv_qualifiers);

          /* If the qualifiers apply to a pointer or reference, they
             need to come after the whole qualified type.  */
          if (peek_char (dm) == 'P' || peek_char (dm) == 'R')
            {
              status = demangle_type (dm);
              result_append_space (dm);
              result_append_string (dm, cv_qualifiers);
            }
          /* Otherwise, the qualifiers come first.  */
          else
            {
              result_append_string (dm, cv_qualifiers);
              result_append_space (dm);
              status = demangle_type (dm);
            }

          dyn_string_delete (cv_qualifiers);
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (status);
        }
        break;

      case 'F':
        return "Non-pointer or -reference function type.";

      case 'A':
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_array_type (dm));
        break;

      case 'T':
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_param (dm, &template_parm));
        break;

      case 'S':
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_substitution (dm, &template_p,
                                                &special_std_substitution));
        if (special_std_substitution)
          {
            /* This was the magic `std::' substitution.  What follows
               must be a class name in that namespace.  */
            result_append (dm, "::");
            RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_class_enum_type (dm, &template_p));
          }
        break;

      case 'P':
      case 'R':
      case 'M':
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type_ptr (dm));
        break;

      case 'C':
        /* A C99 complex type.  */
        result_append (dm, "complex ");
        advance_char (dm);
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
        break;

      case 'G':
        /* A C99 imaginary type.  */
        result_append (dm, "imaginary ");
        advance_char (dm);
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
        break;

      case 'U':
        /* Vendor extended type qualifier.  */
        advance_char (dm);
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_source_name (dm));
        result_append_char (dm, ' ');
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
        break;

      default:
        return "Unexpected character in <type>.";
      }

  /* Unqualified builin types are not substitution candidates.  */
  if (!is_builtin_type)
    /* Add a new substitution for the type. If this type was a
       <template-param>, pass its index since from the point of
       substitutions, a <template-param> token is a substitution
       candidate distinct from the type that is substituted for it.  */
    substitution_add (dm, start, template_p, template_parm);

  /* Pop off template argument lists added during mangling of this
     type.  */
  pop_to_template_arg_list (dm, old_arg_list);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* C++ source names of builtin types, indexed by the mangled code
   letter's position in the alphabet ('a' -> 0, 'b' -> 1, etc).  */
static const char *const builtin_type_names[26] = 
{
  "signed char",              /* a */
  "bool",                     /* b */
  "char",                     /* c */
  "double",                   /* d */
  "long double",              /* e */
  "float",                    /* f */
  "__float128",               /* g */
  "unsigned char",            /* h */
  "int",                      /* i */
  "unsigned",                 /* j */
  NULL,                       /* k */
  "long",                     /* l */
  "unsigned long",            /* m */
  "__int128",                 /* n */
  "unsigned __int128",        /* o */
  NULL,                       /* p */
  NULL,                       /* q */
  NULL,                       /* r */
  "short",                    /* s */
  "unsigned short",           /* t */
  NULL,                       /* u */
  "void",                     /* v */
  "wchar_t",                  /* w */
  "long long",                /* x */
  "unsigned long long",       /* y */
  "..."                       /* z */
};

/* Demangles and emits a <builtin-type>.  

    <builtin-type> ::= v  # void
                   ::= w  # wchar_t
                   ::= b  # bool
                   ::= c  # char
                   ::= a  # signed char
                   ::= h  # unsigned char
                   ::= s  # short
                   ::= t  # unsigned short
                   ::= i  # int
                   ::= j  # unsigned int
                   ::= l  # long
                   ::= m  # unsigned long
                   ::= x  # long long, __int64
                   ::= y  # unsigned long long, __int64
                   ::= n  # __int128
                   ::= o  # unsigned __int128
                   ::= f  # float
                   ::= d  # double
                   ::= e  # long double, __float80
                   ::= g  # __float128
                   ::= z  # ellipsis
                   ::= u <source-name>    # vendor extended type  */

static status_t
demangle_builtin_type (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{

  char code = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("builtin-type", dm);

  if (code == 'u')
    {
      advance_char (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_source_name (dm));
      return STATUS_OK;
    }
  else if (code >= 'a' && code <= 'z')
    {
      const char *type_name = builtin_type_names[code - 'a'];
      if (type_name == NULL)
        return "Unrecognized <builtin-type> code.";

      result_append (dm, type_name);
      advance_char (dm);
      return STATUS_OK;
    }
  else
    return "Non-alphabetic <builtin-type> code.";
}

/* Demangles all consecutive CV-qualifiers (const, volatile, and
   restrict) at the current position.  The qualifiers are appended to
   QUALIFIERS.  Returns STATUS_OK.  */

static status_t
demangle_CV_qualifiers (dm, qualifiers)
     demangling_t dm;
     dyn_string_t qualifiers;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("CV-qualifiers", dm);

  while (1)
    {
      switch (peek_char (dm))
        {
        case 'r':
          dyn_string_append_space (qualifiers);
          dyn_string_append_cstr (qualifiers, "restrict");
          break;

        case 'V':
          dyn_string_append_space (qualifiers);
          dyn_string_append_cstr (qualifiers, "volatile");
          break;

        case 'K':
          dyn_string_append_space (qualifiers);
          dyn_string_append_cstr (qualifiers, "const");
          break;

        default:
          return STATUS_OK;
        }

      advance_char (dm);
    }
}

/* Demangles and emits a <function-type> FUNCTION_NAME_POS is the
   position in the result string of the start of the function
   identifier, at which the function's return type will be inserted.  

    <function-type> ::= F [Y] <bare-function-type> E  */

static status_t
demangle_function_type (dm, function_name_pos)
     demangling_t dm;
     int function_name_pos;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("function-type", dm);
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'F'));  
  if (peek_char (dm) == 'Y')
    {
      /* Indicate this function has C linkage if in verbose mode.  */
      if (flag_verbose)
        result_append (dm, " [extern \"C\"] ");
      advance_char (dm);
    }
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_bare_function_type (dm, function_name_pos));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'E'));
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <bare-function-type>.  RETURN_TYPE_POS is the
   position in the result string at which the function return type
   should be inserted.  If RETURN_TYPE_POS is BFT_NO_RETURN_TYPE, the
   function's return type is assumed not to be encoded.  

    <bare-function-type> ::= <signature type>+  */

static status_t
demangle_bare_function_type (dm, return_type_pos)
     demangling_t dm;
     int return_type_pos;
{
  /* Sequence is the index of the current function parameter, counting
     from zero.  The value -1 denotes the return type.  */
  int sequence = 
    (return_type_pos == BFT_NO_RETURN_TYPE ? 0 : -1);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("bare-function-type", dm);

  result_append_char (dm, '(');
  while (!end_of_name_p (dm) && peek_char (dm) != 'E')
    {
      if (sequence == -1)
        /* We're decoding the function's return type.  */
        {
          dyn_string_t return_type;

          /* Decode the return type off to the side.  */
          result_push (dm);
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
          return_type = (dyn_string_t) result_pop (dm);

          /* Add a space to the end of the type.  */
          dyn_string_append_space (return_type);

          /* Insert the return type where we've been asked to.  */
          dyn_string_insert (result_string (dm), return_type_pos, 
                         return_type);
          dyn_string_delete (return_type);
        }
      else 
        {
          /* Skip `void' parameter types.  One should only occur as
             the only type in a parameter list; in that case, we want
             to print `foo ()' instead of `foo (void)'.  */
          if (peek_char (dm) == 'v')
            {
              /* Consume the v.  */
              advance_char (dm);
              continue;
            }
          /* Separate parameter types by commas.  */
          if (sequence > 0)
            result_append (dm, ", ");
          /* Demangle the type.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
        }

      ++sequence;
    }
  result_append_char (dm, ')');

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <class-enum-type>.  *TEMPLATE_P is set to
   non-zero if the type is a template-id, zero otherwise.  

    <class-enum-type> ::= <name>  */

static status_t
demangle_class_enum_type (dm, template_p)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_p;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("class-enum-type", dm);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_name (dm, template_p));
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits an <array-type>.  

    <array-type> ::= A [<dimension number>] _ <element type>  */

static status_t
demangle_array_type (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  dyn_string_t array_size = dyn_string_new (10);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'A'));

  /* Demangle the array size into array_size.  */
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number_literally (dm, array_size, 10, 0));

  /* Demangle the base type of the array.  */
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));

  /* Emit the array dimension syntax.  */
  result_append_char (dm, '[');
  result_append_string (dm, array_size);
  result_append_char (dm, ']');
  dyn_string_delete (array_size);
  
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <template-param>.  The zero-indexed position
   in the parameter list is placed in *TEMPLATE_PARM_NUMBER.  

    <template-param> ::= T_       # first template parameter
                     ::= T <parameter-2 number> _  */

static status_t
demangle_template_param (dm, template_parm_number)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_parm_number;
{
  int parm_number;
  template_arg_list_t current_arg_list = current_template_arg_list (dm);
  string_list_t arg;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("template-param", dm);

  /* Make sure there is a template argmust list in which to look up
     this parameter reference.  */
  if (current_arg_list == NULL)
    return "Template parameter outside of template.";

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'T'));
  if (peek_char (dm) == '_')
    parm_number = 0;
  else
    {
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number (dm, &parm_number, 10, 0));
      ++parm_number;
    }
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));

  arg = template_arg_list_get_arg (current_arg_list, parm_number);
  if (arg == NULL)
    /* parm_number exceeded the number of arguments in the current
       template argument list.  */
    return "Template parameter number out of bounds.";
  result_append_string (dm, (dyn_string_t) arg);

  if (peek_char (dm) == 'I')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_args (dm));

  *template_parm_number = parm_number;
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <template-args>.  

    <template-args> ::= I <template-arg>+ E  */

static status_t
demangle_template_args (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  int first = 1;
  template_arg_list_t arg_list = template_arg_list_new ();

  /* Preserve the most recently demangled source name.  */
  dyn_string_t old_last_source_name = dm->last_source_name;
  dm->last_source_name = dyn_string_new (0);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("template-args", dm);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'I'));
  result_append_char (dm, '<');
  do
    {
      string_list_t arg;

      if (first)
        first = 0;
      else
        result_append (dm, ", ");

      /* Capture the template arg.  */
      result_push (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_arg (dm));
      arg = result_pop (dm);

      /* Emit it in the demangled name.  */
      result_append_string (dm, (dyn_string_t) arg);

      /* Save it for use in expanding <template-param>s.  */
      template_arg_list_add_arg (arg_list, arg);
    }
  while (peek_char (dm) != 'E');
  /* Append the '>'.  */
  result_close_template_list (dm);

  /* Consume the 'E'.  */
  advance_char (dm);

  /* Restore the most recent demangled source name.  */
  dyn_string_delete (dm->last_source_name);
  dm->last_source_name = old_last_source_name;

  /* Push the list onto the top of the stack of template argument
     lists, so that arguments from it are used from now on when
     expanding <template-param>s.  */
  push_template_arg_list (dm, arg_list);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* This function, which does not correspond to a production in the
   mangling spec, handles the `literal' production for both
   <template-arg> and <expr-primary>.  It does not expect or consume
   the initial `L' or final `E'.  The demangling is given by:

     <literal> ::= <type> </value/ number>

   and the emitted output is `(type)number'.  */

static status_t
demangle_literal (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  dyn_string_t value = dyn_string_new (0);
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("literal", dm);

  if (!flag_verbose && peek >= 'a' && peek <= 'z')
    {
      /* If not in verbose mode and this is a builtin type, see if we
         can produce simpler numerical output.  In particular, for
         integer types shorter than `long', just write the number
         without type information; for bools, write `true' or `false'.
         Other refinements could be made here too.  */

      /* This constant string is used to map from <builtin-type> codes
         (26 letters of the alphabet) to codes that determine how the 
         value will be displayed.  The codes are:
           b: display as bool
           i: display as int
           l: display as long
         A space means the value will be represented using cast
         notation. */
      static const char *const code_map = "ibi    iii ll     ii  i  ";

      char code = code_map[peek - 'a'];
      /* FIXME: Implement demangling of floats and doubles.  */
      if (code == 'u')
        return STATUS_UNIMPLEMENTED;
      if (code == 'b')
        {
          /* It's a boolean.  */
          char value;

          /* Consume the b.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          /* Look at the next character.  It should be 0 or 1,
             corresponding to false or true, respectively.  */
          value = peek_char (dm);
          if (value == '0')
            result_append (dm, "false");
          else if (value == '1')
            result_append (dm, "true");
          else
            return "Unrecognized bool constant.";
          /* Consume the 0 or 1.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          return STATUS_OK;
        }
      else if (code == 'i' || code == 'l')
        {
          /* It's an integer or long.  */

          /* Consume the type character.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          /* Demangle the number and write it out.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number_literally (dm, value, 10, 1));
          result_append_string (dm, value);
          /* For long integers, append an l.  */
          if (code == 'l')
            result_append_char (dm, code);
          return STATUS_OK;
        }
      /* ...else code == ' ', so fall through to represent this
         literal's type explicitly using cast syntax.  */
    }

  result_append_char (dm, '(');
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
  result_append_char (dm, ')');

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number_literally (dm, value, 10, 1));
  result_append_string (dm, value);
  dyn_string_delete (value);

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <template-arg>.  

    <template-arg> ::= <type>                     # type
                   ::= L <type> <value number> E  # literal
                   ::= LZ <encoding> E            # external name
                   ::= X <expression> E           # expression  */

static status_t
demangle_template_arg (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("template-arg", dm);

  switch (peek_char (dm))
    {
    case 'L':
      advance_char (dm);

      if (peek_char (dm) == 'Z')
        {
          /* External name.  */
          advance_char (dm);
          /* FIXME: Standard is contradictory here.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
        }
      else
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_literal (dm));
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'E'));
      break;

    case 'X':
      /* Expression.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_expression (dm));
      break;

    default:
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
      break;
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits an <expression>.

    <expression> ::= <unary operator-name> <expression>
                 ::= <binary operator-name> <expression> <expression>
                 ::= <expr-primary>  
                 ::= <scope-expression>  */

static status_t
demangle_expression (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  char peek = peek_char (dm);

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("expression", dm);

  if (peek == 'L' || peek == 'T')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_expr_primary (dm));
  else if (peek == 's' && peek_char_next (dm) == 'r')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_scope_expression (dm));
  else
    /* An operator expression.  */
    {
      int num_args;
      dyn_string_t operator_name;

      /* We have an operator name.  Since we want to output binary
         operations in infix notation, capture the operator name
         first.  */
      result_push (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_operator_name (dm, 1, &num_args));
      operator_name = (dyn_string_t) result_pop (dm);

      /* If it's binary, do an operand first.  */
      if (num_args > 1)
        {
          result_append_char (dm, '(');
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_expression (dm));
          result_append_char (dm, ')');
        }

      /* Now emit the operator, followed by its second (if binary) or
         only (if unary) operand.  */
      result_append_string (dm, operator_name);
      dyn_string_delete (operator_name);
      result_append_char (dm, '(');
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_expression (dm));
      result_append_char (dm, ')');

      /* The ternary operator takes a third operand.  */
      if (num_args == 3)
        {
          result_append (dm, ":(");
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_expression (dm));
          result_append_char (dm, ')');
        }
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <scope-expression>.  

    <scope-expression> ::= sr <qualifying type> <source-name>
                       ::= sr <qualifying type> <encoding>  */

static status_t
demangle_scope_expression (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 's'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'r'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_type (dm));
  result_append (dm, "::");
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits an <expr-primary>.  

    <expr-primary> ::= <template-param>
                   ::= L <type> <value number> E  # literal
                   ::= L <mangled-name> E         # external name  */

static status_t
demangle_expr_primary (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  char peek = peek_char (dm);
  int unused;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("expr-primary", dm);

  if (peek == 'T')
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_template_param (dm, &unused));
  else if (peek == 'L')
    {
      /* Consume the `L'.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      peek = peek_char (dm);

      if (peek == '_')
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_mangled_name (dm));
      else
        RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_literal (dm));

      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'E'));
    }
  else
    return STATUS_ERROR;

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <substitution>.  Sets *TEMPLATE_P to non-zero
   if the substitution is the name of a template, zero otherwise.  If
   the substitution token is St, which corresponds to the `::std::'
   namespace and can appear in a non-nested name, sets
   *SPECIAL_STD_SUBSTITUTION to non-zero; zero otherwise.  

     <substitution> ::= S <seq-id> _
                    ::= S_

                    ::= St   # ::std::
                    ::= Sa   # ::std::allocator
                    ::= Sb   # ::std::basic_string
                    ::= Ss   # ::std::basic_string<char,
                                                   ::std::char_traits<char>,
                                                   ::std::allocator<char> >
                    ::= Si   # ::std::basic_istream<char,  
                                                    std::char_traits<char> >
                    ::= So   # ::std::basic_ostream<char,  
                                                    std::char_traits<char> >
                    ::= Sd   # ::std::basic_iostream<char, 
                                                     std::char_traits<char> >
*/

static status_t
demangle_substitution (dm, template_p, special_std_substitution)
     demangling_t dm;
     int *template_p;
     int *special_std_substitution;
{
  int seq_id;
  int peek;
  dyn_string_t text;

  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("substitution", dm);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'S'));
  *special_std_substitution = 0;

  /* Scan the substitution sequence index.  A missing number denotes
     the first index.  */
  peek = peek_char (dm);
  if (peek == '_')
    seq_id = -1;
  /* If the following character is 0-9 or a capital letter, interpret
     the sequence up to the next underscore as a base-36 substitution
     index.  */
  else if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek) 
           || (peek >= 'A' && peek <= 'Z'))
    RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number (dm, &seq_id, 36, 0));
  else 
    {
      switch (peek)
        {
        case 't':
          result_append (dm, "std");
          *special_std_substitution = 1;
          break;

        case 'a':
          result_append (dm, "std::allocator");
          dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "allocator");
          break;

        case 'b':
          result_append (dm, "std::basic_string");
          dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "basic_string");
          break;
          
        case 's':
          if (!flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::string");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "string");
            }
          else
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "basic_string");
            }
          break;

        case 'i':
          if (!flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::istream");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "istream");
            }
          else
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::basic_istream<char, std::char_traints<char> >");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "basic_istream");
            }
          break;

        case 'o':
          if (!flag_verbose)
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::ostream");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "ostream");
            }
          else
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "basic_ostream");
            }
          break;

        case 'd':
          if (!flag_verbose) 
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::iostream");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "iostream");
            }
          else
            {
              result_append (dm, "std::basic_iostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >");
              dyn_string_copy_cstr (dm->last_source_name, "basic_iostream");
            }
          break;

        default:
          return "Unrecognized <substitution>.";
        }
      
      advance_char (dm);
      return STATUS_OK;
    }

  /* Look up the substitution text.  Since `S_' is the most recent
     substitution, `S0_' is the second-most-recent, etc., shift the
     numbering by one.  */
  text = substitution_get (dm, seq_id + 1, template_p);
  if (text == NULL)
    return "Substitution number out of range.";

  /* Emit the substitution text.  */
  result_append_string (dm, text);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, '_'));
  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangles and emits a <local-name>.  

    <local-name> := Z <function encoding> E <entity name> [<discriminator>]
                 := Z <function encoding> E s [<discriminator>]  */

static status_t
demangle_local_name (dm)
     demangling_t dm;
{
  DEMANGLE_TRACE ("local-name", dm);

  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'Z'));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_encoding (dm));
  RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_char (dm, 'E'));
  result_append (dm, "'s ");

  if (peek_char (dm) == 's')
    {
      /* Local character string literal.  */
      result_append (dm, "string literal");
      /* Consume the s.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_discriminator (dm, 0));
    }
  else
    {
      int unused;
      result_append (dm, "local ");
      /* Local name for some other entity.  Demangle its name.  */
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_name (dm, &unused));
      RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_discriminator (dm, 1));
     }

   return STATUS_OK;
 }

 /* Optimonally demangles and emits a <discriminator>.  If there is no
    <discriminator> at the current position in the mangled string, the
    descriminator is assumed to be zero.  Emit the discriminator number
    in parentheses, unless SUPPRESS_FIRST is non-zero and the
    discriminator is zero.  

     <discriminator> ::= _ <number>  */

static status_t
demangle_discriminator (dm, suppress_first)
     demangling_t dm;
     int suppress_first;
{
  /* Output for <discriminator>s to the demangled name is completely
     supressed if not in verbose mode.  */

  if (peek_char (dm) == '_')
    {
      /* Consume the underscore.  */
      advance_char (dm);
      if (flag_verbose)
        result_append (dm, " [#");
      /* Check if there's a number following the underscore.  */
      if (isdigit ((unsigned char) peek_char (dm)))
        {
          int discriminator;
          /* Demangle the number.  */
          RETURN_IF_ERROR (demangle_number (dm, &discriminator, 10, 0));
          if (flag_verbose)
            /* Write the discriminator.  The mangled number is two
               less than the discriminator ordinal, counting from
               zero.  */
            int_to_dyn_string (discriminator + 2, 
                               (dyn_string_t) dm->result);
        }
      else
        {
          if (flag_verbose)
            /* A missing digit correspond to one.  */
            result_append_char (dm, '1');
        }
      if (flag_verbose)
        result_append_char (dm, ']');
    }
  else if (!suppress_first)
    {
      if (flag_verbose)
        result_append (dm, " [#0]");
    }

  return STATUS_OK;
}

/* Demangle NAME into RESULT, which must be an initialized
   dyn_string_t.  On success, returns STATUS_OK.  On failure, returns
   an error message, and the contents of RESULT are unchanged.  */

static status_t
cp_demangle (name, result)
     char *name;
     dyn_string_t result;
{
  status_t status;
  int length = strlen (name);

  if (length > 2 && name[0] == '_' && name[1] == 'Z')
    {
      demangling_t dm = demangling_new (name);

      result_push (dm);
      status = demangle_mangled_name (dm);

      if (status == STATUS_OK)
        {
          dyn_string_t demangled = (dyn_string_t) result_pop (dm);
          dyn_string_copy (result, demangled);
          dyn_string_delete (demangled);
        }
      
      demangling_delete (dm);
    }
  else
    {
      /* It's evidently not a mangled C++ name.  It could be the name
         of something with C linkage, though, so just copy NAME into
         RESULT.  */
      dyn_string_copy_cstr (result, name);
      status = STATUS_OK;
    }

  return status;
}

/* Variant entry point for integration with the existing cplus-dem
   demangler.  Attempts to demangle MANGLED.  If the demangling
   succeeds, returns a buffer, allocated with malloc, containing the
   demangled name.  The caller must deallocate the buffer using free.
   If the demangling failes, returns NULL.  */

char *
cplus_demangle_new_abi (mangled)
     const char* mangled;
{
  /* Create a dyn_string to hold the demangled name.  */
  dyn_string_t demangled = dyn_string_new (0);
  /* Attempt the demangling.  */
  status_t status = cp_demangle ((char *) mangled, demangled);
  if (status == STATUS_OK)
    /* Demangling succeeded.  */
    {
      /* Grab the demangled result from the dyn_string.  It was
         allocated with malloc, so we can return it directly.  */
      char *return_value = dyn_string_release (demangled);
      /* The dyn_string can go away.  */
      dyn_string_delete (demangled);
      /* Hand back the demangled name.  */
      return return_value;
    }
  else
    /* Demangling failed.  */
    {
      dyn_string_delete (demangled);
      return NULL;
    }
}

#ifdef STANDALONE_DEMANGLER

#include "getopt.h"

static void print_usage
  PARAMS ((FILE* fp, int exit_value));

/* Non-zero if CHAR is a character than can occur in a mangled name.  */
#define is_mangled_char(CHAR)                                           \
  (isalnum ((unsigned char) (CHAR)) || (CHAR) == '_')

/* The name of this program, as invoked.  */
const char* program_name;

/* Prints usage summary to FP and then exits with EXIT_VALUE.  */

static void
print_usage (fp, exit_value)
     FILE* fp;
     int exit_value;
{
  fprintf (fp, "Usage: %s [options] [names ...]\n", program_name);
  fprintf (fp, "Options:\n", program_name);
  fprintf (fp, "  -h,--help       Display this message.\n");
  fprintf (fp, "  -s,--strict     Demangle standard names only.\n");
  fprintf (fp, "  -v,--verbose    Produce verbose demanglings.\n");
  fprintf (fp, "If names are provided, they are demangled.  Otherwise filters standard input.\n");

  exit (exit_value);
}

/* Option specification for getopt_long.  */
static struct option long_options[] = 
{
  { "help",    no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
  { "strict",  no_argument, NULL, 's' },
  { "verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v' },
  { NULL,      no_argument, NULL, 0   },
};

/* Main entry for a demangling filter executable.  It will demangle
   its command line arguments, if any.  If none are provided, it will
   filter stdin to stdout, replacing any recognized mangled C++ names
   with their demangled equivalents.  */

int
main (argc, argv)
     int argc;
     char *argv[];
{
  status_t status;
  int i;
  int opt_char;

  /* Use the program name of this program, as invoked.  */
  program_name = argv[0];

  /* Parse options.  */
  do 
    {
      opt_char = getopt_long (argc, argv, "hsv", long_options, NULL);
      switch (opt_char)
        {
        case '?':  /* Unrecognized option.  */
          print_usage (stderr, 1);
          break;

        case 'h':
          print_usage (stdout, 0);
          break;

        case 's':
          flag_strict = 1;
          break;

        case 'v':
          flag_verbose = 1;
          break;
        }
    }
  while (opt_char != -1);

  if (optind == argc) 
    /* No command line arguments were provided.  Filter stdin.  */
    {
      dyn_string_t mangled = dyn_string_new (3);
      dyn_string_t demangled = dyn_string_new (0);
      status_t status;

      /* Read all of input.  */
      while (!feof (stdin))
        {
          char c = getchar ();

          /* The first character of a mangled name is an underscore.  */
          if (feof (stdin))
            break;
          if (c != '_')
            {
              /* It's not a mangled name.  Print the character and go
                 on.  */
              putchar (c);
              continue;
            }
          c = getchar ();
          
          /* The second character of a mangled name is a capital `Z'.  */
          if (feof (stdin))
            break;
          if (c != 'Z')
            {
              /* It's not a mangled name.  Print the previous
                 underscore, the `Z', and go on.  */
              putchar ('_');
              putchar (c);
              continue;
            }

          /* Start keeping track of the candidate mangled name.  */
          dyn_string_append_char (mangled, '_');
          dyn_string_append_char (mangled, 'Z');

          /* Pile characters into mangled until we hit one that can't
             occur in a mangled name.  */
          c = getchar ();
          while (!feof (stdin) && is_mangled_char (c))
            {
              dyn_string_append_char (mangled, c);
              if (feof (stdin))
                break;
              c = getchar ();
            }

          /* Attempt to demangle the name.  */
          status = cp_demangle (dyn_string_buf (mangled), demangled);

          /* If the demangling succeeded, great!  Print out the
             demangled version.  */
          if (status == STATUS_OK)
            fputs (dyn_string_buf (demangled), stdout);
          /* Otherwise, it might not have been a mangled name.  Just
             print out the original text.  */
          else
            fputs (dyn_string_buf (mangled), stdout);

          /* If we haven't hit EOF yet, we've read one character that
             can't occur in a mangled name, so print it out.  */
          if (!feof (stdin))
            putchar (c);

          /* Clear the candidate mangled name, to start afresh next
             time we hit a `_Z'.  */
          dyn_string_clear (mangled);
        }

      dyn_string_delete (mangled);
      dyn_string_delete (demangled);
    }
  else
    /* Demangle command line arguments.  */
    {
      dyn_string_t result = dyn_string_new (0);

      /* Loop over command line arguments.  */
      for (i = optind; i < argc; ++i)
        {
          /* Attempt to demangle.  */
          status = cp_demangle (argv[i], result);

          /* If it worked, print the demangled name.  */
          if (status == STATUS_OK)
            printf ("%s\n", dyn_string_buf (result));
          /* If not, print the error message to stderr instead.  */
          else 
            fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", status);
        }
      dyn_string_delete (result);
    }

  return 0;
}

#endif /* STANDALONE_DEMANGLER */