man1/du.1

   1 .\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, Ragnar Hojland Espinosa and A. Wik, 1998.
   2 .\"
   3 .\" This file may be copied under the conditions described
   4 .\" in the LDP GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 1, September 1998
   5 .\" that should have been distributed together with this file.
   6 .\"
   7 .TH DU 1 1998-11 "GNU fileutils 4.0"
   8 .SH NAME
   9 du \- estimate file space usage
  10 .SH SYNOPSIS
  11 .BI "du [" options "] [" file... ]
  12 .sp
  13 POSIX options:
  14 .B "[\-askx] [\-\-]"
  15 .sp
  16 GNU options (shortest form):
  17 .B [\-abcDhHklLmsSxX]
  18 .BI "[\-\-block\-size=" size ]
  19 .BI "[\-\-exclude=" pattern ]
  20 .BI "[\-\-max\-depth=" n ]
  21 .B "[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [\-\-]"
  22 .SH DESCRIPTION
  23 .B du
  24 reports the amount of disk space used by the specified files,
  25 and by each directory in the hierarchies rooted at the
  26 specified files.
  27 Here `disk space used' means space used for the entire
  28 file hierarchy below the specified file.
  29 .PP
  30 With no arguments,
  31 .B du
  32 reports the disk space for the current directory.
  33 .SH "POSIX DETAILS"
  34 The output is in 512-byte units by default, but in
  35 1024-byte units when the \-k option is given.
  36 .SH "GNU DETAILS"
  37 The output is in 1024-byte units (when no units are
  38 specified by options), unless the environment variable
  39 .B POSIXLY_CORRECT
  40 is set, in which case POSIX is followed.
  41 .SH "POSIX OPTIONS"
  42 .TP
  43 .B "\-a"
  44 Show counts for all files encountered, not just directories.
  45 .TP
  46 .B "\-k"
  47 Use 1024-byte units instead of the default 512-byte units.
  48 .TP
  49 .B "\-s"
  50 Only output space usage for the actual arguments given,
  51 not for their subdirectories.
  52 .TP
  53 .B "\-x"
  54 Only count space on the same device as the argument given.
  55 .TP
  56 .B "\-\-"
  57 Terminate option list.
  58 .SH "GNU OPTIONS"
  59 .TP
  60 .B "\-a, \-\-all"
  61 Show counts for all files, not just directories.
  62 .TP
  63 .B "\-b, \-\-bytes"
  64 Print sizes in bytes, instead of kilobytes.
  65 .TP
  66 .BI "\-\-block\-size=" size
  67 Print sizes in blocks of
  68 .I size
  69 bytes.
  70 (New in file\%utils-4.0.)
  71 .TP
  72 .B "\-c, \-\-total"
  73 Print a grand total of all arguments after all arguments have been
  74 processed.  This can be used to find out the total disk usage of a
  75 given set of files or directories.
  76 .TP
  77 .B "\-D, \-\-dereference\-args"
  78 Dereference symbolic links that are command line arguments.  Does
  79 not affect other symbolic links.  This is helpful for finding out
  80 the disk usage of directories, such as
  81 .IR /usr/tmp ,
  82 which are often symbolic links.
  83 .TP
  84 .BI "\-\-exclude=" pattern
  85 When recursing, skip subdirectories or files matching
  86 .IR pattern .
  87 The
  88 .I pattern
  89 may be any standard Bourne shell file glob pattern.
  90 (New in file\%utils-4.0.)
  91 .TP
  92 .B "\-h, \-\-human\-readable"
  93 Append a size letter, such as
  94 .B M
  95 for binary megabytes (`mebibytes'), to each size.
  96 .TP
  97 .B "\-H, \-\-si"
  98 Do the same as for
  99 .BR \-h ,
 100 but use the official SI units (with powers of 1000 instead of 1024,
 101 so that M stands for 1000000 instead of 1048576).
 102 (New in file\%utils-4.0.)
 103 .TP
 104 .B "\-k, \-\-kilobytes"
 105 Print sizes in KiB (binary kilobytes, 1024 bytes).
 106 .TP
 107 .B "\-l, \-\-count\-links"
 108 Count the size of all files, even if they have appeared already
 109 (as a hard link).
 110 .TP
 111 .B "\-L, \-\-dereference"
 112 Dereference symbolic links (show the disk space used by the file
 113 or directory that the link points to instead of the space used by
 114 the link).
 115 .TP
 116 .B "\-m, \-\-megabytes"
 117 Print sizes in MiB (binary megabytes, 1048576 bytes).
 118 .TP
 119 .BI "\-\-max\-depth=" n
 120 Print the total for a directory (or file, with the
 121 .B \-a
 122 flag) only if it is
 123 .I n
 124 or fewer levels below the command line argument;
 125 .BI "\-\-max\-depth=" 0
 126 is the same as the
 127 .B \-s
 128 flag.
 129 (New in file\%utils-4.0.)
 130 .TP
 131 .B "\-s, \-\-summarize"
 132 Display only a total for each argument.
 133 .TP
 134 .B "\-S, \-\-separate\-dirs"
 135 Report the size of each directory separately, not including the
 136 sizes of subdirectories.
 137 .TP
 138 .B "\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system"
 139 Skip directories that are on different filesystems from the one
 140 that the argument being processed is on.
 141 .TP
 142 .BI "\-X " "file, " "\-\-exclude\-from=" "file"
 143 Like
 144 .BR \-\-exclude ,
 145 except take the patterns to exclude from the specified
 146 .IR file .
 147 Patterns are listed one per line.  If
 148 .I file
 149 is given as `\-', patterns are read from standard input.
 150 (New in file\%utils-4.0.)
 151 .SH "GNU STANDARD OPTIONS"
 152 .TP
 153 .B "\-\-help"
 154 Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
 155 .TP
 156 .B "\-\-version"
 157 Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
 158 .TP
 159 .B "\-\-"
 160 Terminate option list.
 161 .SH BUGS
 162 On BSD systems,
 163 .B du
 164 reports sizes that are half the correct values
 165 for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-UX systems.  On HP-UX systems,
 166 it reports sizes that are twice the correct values for files that are
 167 NFS-mounted from BSD systems.  This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
 168 affects the HP-UX
 169 .B du
 170 program.
 171 .SH ENVIRONMENT
 172 The variable POSIXLY_CORRECT determines the choice of unit.
 173 If it is not set, and the variable BLOCKSIZE has a value starting
 174 with `HUMAN', then behaviour is as for the \-h option,
 175 unless overridden by \-k or \-m options.
 176 The variables LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_MESSAGES have the
 177 usual meaning.
 178 .SH "CONFORMING TO"
 179 POSIX 1003.2
 180 .SH NOTES
 181 This page describes
 182 .B du
 183 as found in the file\%utils-4.0 package;
 184 other versions may differ slightly.