man5/locale.5

   1 '\" t -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
   2 .\" Copyright (C) 1994  Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de)
   3 .\" Copyright (C) 2008  Petr Baudis (pasky@suse.cz)
   4 .\" Copyright (C) 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk@manpages@gmail.com>
   5 .\"
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  21 .\"
  22 .\" 2008-06-17 Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
  23 .\"     LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday
  24 .\"
  25 .TH LOCALE 5 2016-03-15 "Linux" "Linux User Manual"
  26 .SH NAME
  27 locale \- describes a locale definition file
  28 .SH DESCRIPTION
  29 The
  30 .B locale
  31 definition file contains all the information that the
  32 .BR localedef (1)
  33 command needs to convert it into the binary locale database.
  34
  35 The definition files consist of sections which each describe a
  36 locale category in detail.
  37 See
  38 .BR locale (7)
  39 for additional details for these categories.
  40 .SS Syntax
  41 The locale definition file starts with a header that may consist
  42 of the following keywords:
  43 .TP
  44 .I <escape_char>
  45 is followed by a character that should be used as the
  46 escape-character for the rest of the file to mark characters that
  47 should be interpreted in a special way.
  48 It defaults to the backslash (\\).
  49 .TP
  50 .I <comment_char>
  51 is followed by a character that will be used as the
  52 comment-character for the rest of the file.
  53 It defaults to the number sign (#).
  54 .PP
  55 The locale definition has one part for each locale category.
  56 Each part can be copied from another existing locale or
  57 can be defined from scratch.
  58 If the category should be copied,
  59 the only valid keyword in the definition is
  60 .B copy
  61 followed by the name of the locale in double quotes which should be
  62 copied.
  63 The exceptions for this rule are
  64 .B LC_COLLATE
  65 and
  66 .B LC_CTYPE
  67 where a
  68 .B copy
  69 statement can be followed by locale-specific rules and selected overrides.
  70 .PP
  71 When defining a category from scratch, all field descriptors and strings
  72 should be defined as Unicode code points in angle brackets, unless
  73 otherwise stated below.
  74 For example, "€" is to be presented as "<U20AC>", "%a" as
  75 "<U0025><U0061>", and "Monday" as
  76 "<U0053><U0075><U006E><U0064><U0061><U0079>".
  77 Values defined as Unicode code points must be in double quotes, plain
  78 number values are not quoted (but
  79 .BR LC_CTYPE
  80 and
  81 .BR LC_COLLATE
  82 follow special formatting, see the system-provided locale files for
  83 examples).
  84 .SS Locale category sections
  85 The following category sections are defined by POSIX:
  86 .IP * 3
  87 .B LC_CTYPE
  88 .IP *
  89 .B LC_COLLATE
  90 .IP *
  91 .B LC_MESSAGES
  92 .IP *
  93 .B LC_MONETARY
  94 .IP *
  95 .B LC_NUMERIC
  96 .IP *
  97 .B LC_TIME
  98 .PP
  99 In addition, since version 2.2,
 100 the GNU C library supports the following nonstandard categories:
 101 .IP * 3
 102 .B LC_ADDRESS
 103 .IP *
 104 .B LC_IDENTIFICATION
 105 .IP *
 106 .B LC_MEASUREMENT
 107 .IP *
 108 .B LC_NAME
 109 .IP *
 110 .B LC_PAPER
 111 .IP *
 112 .B LC_TELEPHONE
 113 .PP
 114 See
 115 .BR locale (7)
 116 for a more detailed description of each category.
 117 .\"
 118 .SS LC_ADDRESS
 119 The definition starts with the string
 120 .I LC_ADDRESS
 121 in the first column.
 122
 123 The following keywords are allowed:
 124 .\" Thanks to the kind folk who wrote localedata/locales/uk_UA
 125 .TP
 126 .I postal_fmt
 127 followed by a string containing field descriptors that define
 128 the format used for postal addresses in the locale.
 129 The following field descriptors are recognized:
 130 .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA:
 131 .RS
 132 .\" .TP
 133 .\" %n
 134 .\"     BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not supported
 135 .\"     by glibc
 136 .\" Person's name, possibly constructed with the
 137 .\" .B LC_NAME
 138 .\" .I name_fmt
 139 .\" keyword.
 140 .\"
 141 .\" https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16983
 142 .TP 4
 143 %a
 144 Care of person, or organization.
 145 .TP
 146 %f
 147 Firm name.
 148 .TP
 149 %d
 150 Department name.
 151 .TP
 152 %b
 153 Building name.
 154 .TP
 155 %s
 156 Street or block (e.g., Japanese) name.
 157 .TP
 158 %h
 159 House number or designation.
 160 .TP
 161 %N
 162 Insert an end-of-line if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty
 163 string; otherwise ignore.
 164 .TP
 165 %t
 166 Insert a space if the previous descriptor's value was not an empty string;
 167 otherwise ignore.
 168 .TP
 169 %r
 170 Room number, door designation.
 171 .TP
 172 %e
 173 Floor number.
 174 .TP
 175 %C
 176 Country designation, from the <country_post> keyword.
 177 .\" .TP
 178 .\" %l
 179 .\"      BUG: %l escape sequence from ISO/IEC 14652:2002 is not
 180 .\"     supported by glibc
 181 .\" Local township within town or city.
 182 .\"
 183 .\" https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16983
 184 .TP
 185 %z
 186 Zip number, postal code.
 187 .TP
 188 %T
 189 Town, city.
 190 .TP
 191 %S
 192 State, province, or prefecture.
 193 .TP
 194 %c
 195 Country, as taken from data record.
 196 .PP
 197 Each field descriptor may have an \(aqR\(aq after
 198 the \(aq%\(aq to specify that the
 199 information is taken from a Romanized version string of the
 200 entity.
 201 .RE
 202 .TP
 203 .I country_name
 204 followed by the country name in the language of the current document
 205 (e.g., "Deutschland" for the
 206 .IR de_DE
 207 locale).
 208 .TP
 209 .I country_post
 210 followed by the abbreviation of the country (see CERT_MAILCODES).
 211 .TP
 212 .I country_ab2
 213 followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
 214 .TP
 215 .I country_ab3
 216 followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the country (ISO 3166).
 217 .TP
 218 .I country_num
 219 followed by the numeric country code as plain numbers (ISO 3166).
 220 .TP
 221 .I country_car
 222 followed by the code for the country car number.
 223 .TP
 224 .I country_isbn
 225 followed by the ISBN code (for books).
 226 .TP
 227 .I lang_name
 228 followed by the language name in the language of the current document.
 229 .TP
 230 .I lang_ab
 231 followed by the two-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639).
 232 .TP
 233 .I lang_term
 234 followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language (ISO 639-2/T).
 235 .TP
 236 .I lang_lib
 237 followed by the three-letter abbreviation of the language for library
 238 use (ISO 639-2/B).
 239 Applications should in general prefer
 240 .IR lang_term
 241 over
 242 .IR lang_lib .
 243 .PP
 244 The
 245 .B LC_ADDRESS
 246 definition ends with the string
 247 .IR "END LC_ADDRESS" .
 248 .SS LC_CTYPE
 249 The definition starts with the string
 250 .I LC_CTYPE
 251 in the first column.
 252
 253 The following keywords are allowed:
 254 .TP
 255 .I upper
 256 followed by a list of uppercase letters.
 257 The letters
 258 .B A
 259 through
 260 .B Z
 261 are included automatically.
 262 Characters also specified as
 263 .BR cntrl ,
 264 .BR digit ,
 265 .BR punct ,
 266 or
 267 .B space
 268 are not allowed.
 269 .TP
 270 .I lower
 271 followed by a list of lowercase letters.
 272 The letters
 273 .B a
 274 through
 275 .B z
 276 are included automatically.
 277 Characters also specified as
 278 .BR cntrl ,
 279 .BR digit ,
 280 .BR punct ,
 281 or
 282 .B space
 283 are not allowed.
 284 .TP
 285 .I alpha
 286 followed by a list of letters.
 287 All character specified as either
 288 .B upper
 289 or
 290 .B lower
 291 are automatically included.
 292 Characters also specified as
 293 .BR cntrl ,
 294 .BR digit ,
 295 .BR punct ,
 296 or
 297 .B space
 298 are not allowed.
 299 .TP
 300 .I digit
 301 followed by the characters classified as numeric digits.
 302 Only the
 303 digits
 304 .B 0
 305 through
 306 .B 9
 307 are allowed.
 308 They are included by default in this class.
 309 .TP
 310 .I space
 311 followed by a list of characters defined as white-space
 312 characters.
 313 Characters also specified as
 314 .BR upper ,
 315 .BR lower ,
 316 .BR alpha ,
 317 .BR digit ,
 318 .BR graph ,
 319 or
 320 .B xdigit
 321 are not allowed.
 322 The characters
 323 .BR <space> ,
 324 .BR <form-feed> ,
 325 .BR <newline> ,
 326 .BR <carriage-return> ,
 327 .BR <tab> ,
 328 and
 329 .B <vertical-tab>
 330 are automatically included.
 331 .TP
 332 .I cntrl
 333 followed by a list of control characters.
 334 Characters also specified as
 335 .BR upper ,
 336 .BR lower ,
 337 .BR alpha ,
 338 .BR digit ,
 339 .BR punct ,
 340 .BR graph ,
 341 .BR print ,
 342 or
 343 .B xdigit
 344 are not allowed.
 345 .TP
 346 .I punct
 347 followed by a list of punctuation characters.
 348 Characters also
 349 specified as
 350 .BR upper ,
 351 .BR lower ,
 352 .BR alpha ,
 353 .BR digit ,
 354 .BR cntrl ,
 355 .BR xdigit ,
 356 or the
 357 .B <space>
 358 character are not allowed.
 359 .TP
 360 .I graph
 361 followed by a list of printable characters, not including the
 362 .B <space>
 363 character.
 364 The characters defined as
 365 .BR upper ,
 366 .BR lower ,
 367 .BR alpha ,
 368 .BR digit ,
 369 .BR xdigit ,
 370 and
 371 .B punct
 372 are automatically included.
 373 Characters also specified as
 374 .B cntrl
 375 are not allowed.
 376 .TP
 377 .I print
 378 followed by a list of printable characters, including the
 379 .B <space>
 380 character.
 381 The characters defined as
 382 .BR upper ,
 383 .BR lower ,
 384 .BR alpha ,
 385 .BR digit ,
 386 .BR xdigit ,
 387 .BR punct ,
 388 and the
 389 .B <space>
 390 character are automatically included.
 391 Characters also specified as
 392 .B cntrl
 393 are not allowed.
 394 .TP
 395 .I xdigit
 396 followed by a list of characters classified as hexadecimal
 397 digits.
 398 The decimal digits must be included followed by one or
 399 more set of six characters in ascending order.
 400 The following
 401 characters are included by default:
 402 .B 0
 403 through
 404 .BR 9 ,
 405 .B a
 406 through
 407 .BR f ,
 408 .B A
 409 through
 410 .BR F .
 411 .TP
 412 .I blank
 413 followed by a list of characters classified as
 414 .BR blank .
 415 The characters
 416 .B <space>
 417 and
 418 .B <tab>
 419 are automatically included.
 420 .TP
 421 .I charclass
 422 followed by a list of locale-specific character class names
 423 which are then to be defined in the locale.
 424 .TP
 425 .I toupper
 426 followed by a list of mappings from lowercase to uppercase
 427 letters.
 428 Each mapping is a pair of a lowercase and an uppercase letter
 429 separated with a
 430 .B ,
 431 and enclosed in parentheses.
 432 The members of the list are separated
 433 with semicolons.
 434 .TP
 435 .I tolower
 436 followed by a list of mappings from uppercase to lowercase
 437 letters.
 438 If the keyword tolower is not present, the reverse of the
 439 toupper list is used.
 440 .TP
 441 .I map totitle
 442 followed by a list of mapping pairs of
 443 characters and letters
 444 to be used in titles (headings).
 445 .TP
 446 .I class
 447 followed by a locale-specific character class definition,
 448 starting with the class name followed by the characters
 449 belonging to the class.
 450 .TP
 451 .I charconv
 452 followed by a list of locale-specific character mapping names
 453 which are then to be defined in the locale.
 454 .TP
 455 .I outdigit
 456 followed by a list of alternate output digits for the locale.
 457 .TP
 458 .I map to_inpunct
 459 followed by a list of mapping pairs of
 460 alternate digits and separators
 461 for input digits for the locale.
 462 .TP
 463 .I map to_outpunct
 464 followed by a list of mapping pairs of
 465 alternate separators
 466 for output for the locale.
 467 .TP
 468 .I translit_start
 469 marks the start of the transliteration rules section.
 470 The section can contain the
 471 .I include
 472 keyword in the beginning followed by
 473 locale-specific rules and overrides.
 474 Any rule specified in the locale file
 475 will override any rule
 476 copied or included from other files.
 477 In case of duplicate rule definitions in the locale file,
 478 only the first rule is used.
 479
 480 A transliteration rule consist of a character to be transliterated
 481 followed by a list of transliteration targets separated by semicolons.
 482 The first target which can be presented in the target character set
 483 is used, if none of them can be used the
 484 .I default_missing
 485 character will be used instead.
 486 .TP
 487 .I include
 488 in the transliteration rules section includes
 489 a transliteration rule file
 490 (and optionally a repertoire map file).
 491 .TP
 492 .I default_missing
 493 in the transliteration rules section
 494 defines the default character to be used for
 495 transliteration where none of the targets cannot be presented
 496 in the target character set.
 497 .TP
 498 .I translit_end
 499 marks the end of the transliteration rules.
 500 .PP
 501 The
 502 .B LC_CTYPE
 503 definition ends with the string
 504 .IR "END LC_CTYPE" .
 505 .SS LC_COLLATE
 506 Due to limitations of glibc not all POSIX-options are implemented.
 507
 508 The definition starts with the string
 509 .I LC_COLLATE
 510 in the first column.
 511
 512 The following keywords are allowed:
 513 .\" FIXME The following LC_COLLATE keywords are not documented:
 514 .\"     reorder-after
 515 .\"     reorder-end
 516 .\"     reorder-sections-after
 517 .\"     reorder-sections-end
 518 .\"     script
 519 .\"     symbol-equivalence
 520 .TP
 521 .I collating-element
 522 followed by the definition of a collating-element symbol
 523 representing a multicharacter collating element.
 524 .TP
 525 .I collating-symbol
 526 followed by the definition of a collating symbol
 527 that can be used in collation order statements.
 528 .PP
 529 The order-definition starts with a line:
 530 .TP
 531 .I order_start
 532 followed by a list of keywords chosen from
 533 .BR forward ,
 534 .BR backward ,
 535 or
 536 .BR position .
 537 The order definition consists of lines that describe the order
 538 and is terminated with the keyword
 539 .IR order_end .
 540 .PP
 541 The
 542 .B LC_COLLATE
 543 definition ends with the string
 544 .IR "END LC_COLLATE" .
 545 .SS LC_IDENTIFICATION
 546 The definition starts with the string
 547 .I LC_IDENTIFICATION
 548 in the first column.
 549
 550 The values in this category are defined as plain strings.
 551
 552 The following keywords are allowed:
 553 .TP
 554 .I title
 555 followed by the title of the locale document
 556 (e.g., "Maori language locale for New Zealand").
 557 .TP
 558 .I source
 559 followed by the name of the organization that maintains this document.
 560 .TP
 561 .I address
 562 followed by the address of the organization that maintains this document.
 563 .TP
 564 .I contact
 565 followed by the name of the contact person at
 566 the organization that maintains this document.
 567 .TP
 568 .I email
 569 followed by the email address of the person or
 570 organization that maintains this document.
 571 .TP
 572 .I tel
 573 followed by the telephone number (in international format)
 574 of the organization that maintains this document.
 575 As of glibc 2.24, this keyword is deprecated in favor of
 576 other contact methods.
 577 .TP
 578 .I fax
 579 followed by the fax number (in international format)
 580 of the organization that maintains this document.
 581 As of glibc 2.24, this keyword is deprecated in favor of
 582 other contact methods.
 583 .TP
 584 .I language
 585 followed by the name of the language to which this document applies.
 586 .TP
 587 .I territory
 588 followed by the name of the country/geographic extent
 589 to which this document applies.
 590 .TP
 591 .I audience
 592 followed by a description of the audience for which this document is intended.
 593 .TP
 594 .I application
 595 followed by a description of any special application
 596 for which this document is intended.
 597 .TP
 598 .I abbreviation
 599 .\" as far as I can tell... (mtk)
 600 followed by the short name for this document.
 601 .TP
 602 .I revision
 603 followed by the revision number of this document.
 604 .TP
 605 .I date
 606 followed by the revision date of this document.
 607 .PP
 608 In addition, for each of the categories defined by the document,
 609 there should be a line starting with the keyword
 610 .IR category ,
 611 followed by:
 612 .IP * 3
 613 a string that identifies this locale category definition,
 614 .IP *
 615 a semicolon, and
 616 .IP *
 617 one of the
 618 .BI LC_ *
 619 identifiers.
 620 .PP
 621 The
 622 .B LC_IDENTIFICATION
 623 definition ends with the string
 624 .IR "END LC_IDENTIFICATION" .
 625 .SS LC_MESSAGES
 626 The definition starts with the string
 627 .I LC_MESSAGES
 628 in the first column.
 629
 630 The following keywords are allowed:
 631 .TP
 632 .I yesexpr
 633 followed by a regular expression that describes possible
 634 yes-responses.
 635 .TP
 636 .I noexpr
 637 followed by a regular expression that describes possible
 638 no-responses.
 639 .TP
 640 .I yesstr
 641 followed by the output string corresponding to "yes".
 642 .TP
 643 .I nostr
 644 followed by the output string corresponding to "no".
 645 .PP
 646 The
 647 .B LC_MESSAGES
 648 definition ends with the string
 649 .IR "END LC_MESSAGES" .
 650 .SS LC_MEASUREMENT
 651 The definition starts with the string
 652 .I LC_MEASUREMENT
 653 in the first column.
 654
 655 The following keywords are allowed:
 656 .TP
 657 .I measurement
 658 followed by number identifying the standard used for measurement.
 659 The following values are recognized:
 660 .RS
 661 .TP 4
 662 .B 1
 663 Metric.
 664 .TP
 665 .B 2
 666 US customary measurements.
 667 .RE
 668 .PP
 669 The
 670 .B LC_MEASUREMENT
 671 definition ends with the string
 672 .IR "END LC_MEASUREMENT" .
 673 .SS LC_MONETARY
 674 The definition starts with the string
 675 .I LC_MONETARY
 676 in the first column.
 677
 678 Values for
 679 .IR int_curr_symbol ,
 680 .IR currency_symbol ,
 681 .IR mon_decimal_point ,
 682 .IR mon_thousands_sep ,
 683 .IR positive_sign ,
 684 and
 685 .IR negative_sign
 686 are defined as Unicode code points, the others as plain numbers.
 687
 688 The following keywords are allowed:
 689 .TP
 690 .I int_curr_symbol
 691 followed by the international currency symbol.
 692 This must be a
 693 4-character string containing the international currency symbol as
 694 defined by the ISO 4217 standard (three characters) followed by a
 695 separator.
 696 .TP
 697 .I currency_symbol
 698 followed by the local currency symbol.
 699 .TP
 700 .I mon_decimal_point
 701 followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter
 702 when formatting monetary quantities.
 703 .TP
 704 .I mon_thousands_sep
 705 followed by the string that will be used as a group separator
 706 when formatting monetary quantities.
 707 .TP
 708 .I mon_grouping
 709 followed by a sequence of integers separated by semicolons that
 710 describe the formatting of monetary quantities.
 711 See
 712 .I grouping
 713 below for details.
 714 .TP
 715 .I positive_sign
 716 followed by a string that is used to indicate a positive sign for
 717 monetary quantities.
 718 .TP
 719 .I negative_sign
 720 followed by a string that is used to indicate a negative sign for
 721 monetary quantities.
 722 .TP
 723 .I int_frac_digits
 724 followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when
 725 formatting with the
 726 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 727 .TP
 728 .I frac_digits
 729 followed by the number of fractional digits that should be used when
 730 formatting with the
 731 .IR currency_symbol .
 732 .TP
 733 .I p_cs_precedes
 734 followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
 735 .I currency_symbol
 736 for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity:
 737 .RS
 738 .TP 4
 739 .B 0
 740 the symbol succeeds the value.
 741 .TP
 742 .B 1
 743 the symbol precedes the value.
 744 .RE
 745 .TP
 746 .I p_sep_by_space
 747 followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
 748 .IR currency_symbol ,
 749 the sign string, and the value for a nonnegative formatted monetary quantity.
 750 The following values are recognized:
 751 .RS
 752 .TP 4
 753 .B 0
 754 No space separates the currency symbol and the value.
 755 .TP
 756 .B 1
 757 If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent,
 758 a space separates them from the value;
 759 otherwise a space separates the currency symbol and the value.
 760 .TP
 761 .B 2
 762 If the currency symbol and the sign string are adjacent,
 763 a space separates them from the value;
 764 otherwise a space separates the sign string and the value.
 765 .RE
 766 .TP
 767 .I n_cs_precedes
 768 followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
 769 .I currency_symbol
 770 for a negative formatted monetary quantity.
 771 The same values are recognized as for
 772 .IR p_cs_precedes .
 773 .TP
 774 .I n_sep_by_space
 775 followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
 776 .IR currency_symbol ,
 777 the sign string, and the value for a negative formatted monetary quantity.
 778 The same values are recognized as for
 779 .IR p_sep_by_space .
 780 .TP
 781 .I p_sign_posn
 782 followed by an integer that indicates where the
 783 .I positive_sign
 784 should be placed for a nonnegative monetary quantity:
 785 .RS
 786 .TP 4
 787 .B 0
 788 Parentheses enclose the quantity and the
 789 .I currency_symbol
 790 or
 791 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 792 .TP
 793 .B 1
 794 The sign string precedes the quantity and the
 795 .I currency_symbol
 796 or the
 797 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 798 .TP
 799 .B 2
 800 The sign string succeeds the quantity and the
 801 .I currency_symbol
 802 or the
 803 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 804 .TP
 805 .B 3
 806 The sign string precedes the
 807 .I currency_symbol
 808 or the
 809 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 810 .TP
 811 .B 4
 812 The sign string succeeds the
 813 .I currency_symbol
 814 or the
 815 .IR int_curr_symbol .
 816 .RE
 817 .TP
 818 .I n_sign_posn
 819 followed by an integer that indicates where the
 820 .I negative_sign
 821 should be placed for a negative monetary quantity.
 822 The same values are recognized as for
 823 .IR p_sign_posn .
 824 .TP
 825 .I int_p_cs_precedes
 826 followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
 827 .I int_currency_symbol
 828 for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 829 The same values are recognized as for
 830 .IR p_cs_precedes .
 831 .TP
 832 .I int_n_cs_precedes
 833 followed by an integer that indicates the placement of
 834 .I int_currency_symbol
 835 for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 836 The same values are recognized as for
 837 .IR p_cs_precedes .
 838 .TP
 839 .I int_p_sep_by_space
 840 followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
 841 .IR int_currency_symbol ,
 842 the sign string,
 843 and the value for a nonnegative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 844 The same values are recognized as for
 845 .IR p_sep_by_space .
 846 .TP
 847 .I int_n_sep_by_space
 848 followed by an integer that indicates the separation of
 849 .IR int_currency_symbol ,
 850 the sign string,
 851 and the value for a negative internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 852 The same values are recognized as for
 853 .IR p_sep_by_space .
 854 .TP
 855 .I int_p_sign_posn
 856 followed by an integer that indicates where the
 857 .I positive_sign
 858 should be placed for a nonnegative
 859 internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 860 The same values are recognized as for
 861 .IR p_sign_posn .
 862 .TP
 863 .I int_n_sign_posn
 864 followed by an integer that indicates where the
 865 .I negative_sign
 866 should be placed for a negative
 867 internationally formatted monetary quantity.
 868 The same values are recognized as for
 869 .IR p_sign_posn .
 870 .PP
 871 The
 872 .B LC_MONETARY
 873 definition ends with the string
 874 .IR "END LC_MONETARY" .
 875 .SS LC_NAME
 876 The definition starts with the string
 877 .I LC_NAME
 878 in the first column.
 879
 880 Various keywords are allowed, but only
 881 .IR name_fmt
 882 is mandatory.
 883 Other keywords are needed only if there is common convention to
 884 use the corresponding salutation in this locale.
 885 The allowed keywords are as follows:
 886 .TP
 887 .I name_fmt
 888 followed by a string containing field descriptors that define
 889 the format used for names in the locale.
 890 The following field descriptors are recognized:
 891 .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA:
 892 .RS
 893 .TP 4
 894 %f
 895 Family name(s).
 896 .TP
 897 %F
 898 Family names in uppercase.
 899 .TP
 900 %g
 901 First given name.
 902 .TP
 903 %G
 904 First given initial.
 905 .TP
 906 %l
 907 First given name with Latin letters.
 908 .TP
 909 %o
 910 Other shorter name.
 911 .TP
 912 %m
 913 Additional given name(s).
 914 .TP
 915 %M
 916 Initials for additional given name(s).
 917 .TP
 918 %p
 919 Profession.
 920 .TP
 921 %s
 922 Salutation, such as "Doctor".
 923 .TP
 924 %S
 925 Abbreviated salutation, such as "Mr." or "Dr.".
 926 .TP
 927 %d
 928 Salutation, using the FDCC-sets conventions.
 929 .\"  1 for the name_gen
 930 .\"         In glibc 2.19, %d1 is used in only:
 931 .\"             /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/bem_ZM
 932 .\"             /home/mtk/ARCHIVE/GLIBC/glibc-2.19/localedata/locales/zh_HK
 933 .\"         In glibc 2.19, %d[2-5] appear to be not used at all
 934 .\"  2 for name_mr
 935 .\"  3 for name_mrs
 936 .\"  4 for name_miss
 937 .\"  5 for name_ms
 938 .TP
 939 %t
 940 If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string,
 941 then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
 942 .RE
 943 .TP
 944 .I name_gen
 945 followed by the general salutation for any gender.
 946 .TP
 947 .I name_mr
 948 followed by the salutation for men.
 949 .TP
 950 .I name_mrs
 951 followed by the salutation for married women.
 952 .TP
 953 .I name_miss
 954 followed by the salutation for unmarried women.
 955 .TP
 956 .I name_ms
 957 followed by the salutation valid for all women.
 958 .PP
 959 The
 960 .B LC_NAME
 961 definition ends with the string
 962 .IR "END LC_NAME" .
 963 .SS LC_NUMERIC
 964 The definition starts with the string
 965 .I LC_NUMERIC
 966 in the first column.
 967
 968 The following keywords are allowed:
 969 .TP
 970 .I decimal_point
 971 followed by the string that will be used as the decimal delimiter
 972 when formatting numeric quantities.
 973 .TP
 974 .I thousands_sep
 975 followed by the string that will be used as a group separator
 976 when formatting numeric quantities.
 977 .TP
 978 .I grouping
 979 followed by a sequence of integers as plain numbers separated by
 980 semicolons that describe the formatting of numeric quantities.
 981 .IP
 982 Each integer specifies the number of digits in a group.
 983 The first integer defines the size of the group immediately
 984 to the left of the decimal delimiter.
 985 Subsequent integers define succeeding groups to the
 986 left of the previous group.
 987 If the last integer is not \-1, then the size of the previous group
 988 (if any) is repeatedly used for the remainder of the digits.
 989 If the last integer is \-1, then no further grouping is performed.
 990 .PP
 991 The
 992 .B LC_NUMERIC
 993 definition ends with the string
 994 .IR "END LC_NUMERIC" .
 995 .SS LC_PAPER
 996 The definition starts with the string
 997 .I LC_PAPER
 998 in the first column.
 999
1000 Values in this category are defined as plain numbers.
1001
1002 The following keywords are allowed:
1003 .TP
1004 .I height
1005 followed by the height, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
1006 .TP
1007 .I width
1008 followed by the width, in millimeters, of the standard paper format.
1009 .PP
1010 The
1011 .B LC_PAPER
1012 definition ends with the string
1013 .IR "END LC_PAPER" .
1014 .SS LC_TELEPHONE
1015 The definition starts with the string
1016 .I LC_TELEPHONE
1017 in the first column.
1018
1019 The following keywords are allowed:
1020 .TP
1021 .I tel_int_fmt
1022 followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify
1023 the format used to dial international numbers.
1024 The following field descriptors are recognized:
1025 .\" From localedata/locales/uk_UA
1026 .RS
1027 .TP 4
1028 %a
1029 Area code without nationwide prefix (the prefix is often "00").
1030 .TP
1031 %A
1032 Area code including nationwide prefix.
1033 .TP
1034 %l
1035 Local number (within area code).
1036 .TP
1037 %e
1038 Extension (to local number).
1039 .TP
1040 %c
1041 Country code.
1042 .TP
1043 %C
1044 Alternate carrier service code used for dialing abroad.
1045 .TP
1046 %t
1047 If the preceding field descriptor resulted in an empty string,
1048 then the empty string, otherwise a space character.
1049 .RE
1050 .TP
1051 .I tel_dom_fmt
1052 followed by a string that contains field descriptors that identify
1053 the format used to dial domestic numbers.
1054 The recognized field descriptors are the same as for
1055 .IR tel_int_fmt .
1056 .TP
1057 .I int_select
1058 followed by the prefix used to call international phone numbers.
1059 .TP
1060 .I int_prefix
1061 followed by the prefix used from other countries to dial this country.
1062 .PP
1063 The
1064 .B LC_TELEPHONE
1065 definition ends with the string
1066 .IR "END LC_TELEPHONE" .
1067 .SS LC_TIME
1068 The definition starts with the string
1069 .I LC_TIME
1070 in the first column.
1071
1072 The following keywords are allowed:
1073 .TP
1074 .I abday
1075 followed by a list of abbreviated names of the days of the week.
1076 The list starts with the first day of the week
1077 as specified by
1078 .I week
1079 (Sunday by default).
1080 See NOTES.
1081 .TP
1082 .I day
1083 followed by a list of names of the days of the week.
1084 The list starts with the first day of the week
1085 as specified by
1086 .I week
1087 (Sunday by default).
1088 See NOTES.
1089 .TP
1090 .I abmon
1091 followed by a list of abbreviated month names.
1092 .TP
1093 .I mon
1094 followed by a list of month names.
1095 .TP
1096 .I d_t_fmt
1097 followed by the appropriate date and time format
1098 (for syntax, see
1099 .BR strftime (3)).
1100 .TP
1101 .I d_fmt
1102 followed by the appropriate date format
1103 (for syntax, see
1104 .BR strftime (3)).
1105 .TP
1106 .I t_fmt
1107 followed by the appropriate time format
1108 (for syntax, see
1109 .BR strftime (3)).
1110 .TP
1111 .I am_pm
1112 followed by the appropriate representation of the
1113 .B am
1114 and
1115 .B pm
1116 strings.
1117 This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM convention.
1118 .TP
1119 .I t_fmt_ampm
1120 followed by the appropriate time format
1121 (for syntax, see
1122 .BR strftime (3))
1123 when using 12h clock format.
1124 This should be left empty for locales not using AM/PM convention.
1125 .TP
1126 .I era
1127 followed by semicolon-separated strings that define how years are
1128 counted and displayed for each era in the locale.
1129 Each string has the following format:
1130 .RS
1131 .PP
1132 .IR direction ":" offset ":" start_date ":" end_date ":" era_name ":" era_format
1133 .PP
1134 The fields are to be defined as follows:
1135 .PP
1136 .TP 4
1137 .I direction
1138 Either
1139 .BR +
1140 or
1141 .BR -.
1142 .BR +
1143 means the years closer to
1144 .IR start_date
1145 have lower numbers than years closer to
1146 .IR end_date .
1147 .BR -
1148 means the opposite.
1149 .TP
1150 .I offset
1151 The number of the year closest to
1152 .IR start_date
1153 in the era, corresponding to the
1154 .IR %Ey
1155 descriptor (see
1156 .BR strptime (3)).
1157 .TP
1158 .I start_date
1159 The start of the era in the form of
1160 .IR yyyy/mm/dd .
1161 Years prior AD 1 are represented as negative numbers.
1162 .TP
1163 .I end_date
1164 The end of the era in the form of
1165 .IR yyyy/mm/dd ,
1166 or one of the two special values of
1167 .BR -*
1168 or
1169 .BR +* .
1170 .BR -*
1171 means the ending date is the beginning of time.
1172 .BR +*
1173 means the ending date is the end of time.
1174 .TP
1175 .I era_name
1176 The name of the era corresponding to the
1177 .I %EC
1178 descriptor (see
1179 .BR strptime (3)).
1180 .TP
1181 .I era_format
1182 The format of the year in the era corresponding to the
1183 .I %EY
1184 descriptor (see
1185 .BR strptime (3)).
1186 .RE
1187 .TP
1188 .I era_d_fmt
1189 followed by the format of the date in alternative era notation,
1190 corresponding to the
1191 .I %Ex
1192 descriptor (see
1193 .BR strptime (3)).
1194 .TP
1195 .I era_t_fmt
1196 followed by the format of the time in alternative era notation,
1197 corresponding to the
1198 .I %EX
1199 descriptor (see
1200 .BR strptime (3)).
1201 .TP
1202 .I era_d_t_fmt
1203 followed by the format of the date and time in alternative era notation,
1204 corresponding to the
1205 .I %Ec
1206 descriptor (see
1207 .BR strptime (3)).
1208 .TP
1209 .I alt_digits
1210 followed by the alternative digits used for date and time in the locale.
1211 .TP
1212 .I week
1213 followed by a list of three values as plain numbers:
1214 The number of days in a week (by default 7),
1215 a date of beginning of the week (by default corresponds to Sunday),
1216 and the minimal length of the first week in year (by default 4).
1217 Regarding the start of the week,
1218 .B 19971130
1219 shall be used for Sunday and
1220 .B 19971201
1221 shall be used for Monday.
1222 See NOTES.
1223 .TP
1224 .IR first_weekday " (since glibc 2.2)"
1225 followed by the number of the first day from the
1226 .I day
1227 list to be shown in calendar applications.
1228 The default value of
1229 .B 1
1230 (plain number) corresponds to either Sunday or Monday depending
1231 on the value of the second
1232 .I week
1233 list item.
1234 See NOTES.
1235 .TP
1236 .IR first_workday " (since glibc 2.2)"
1237 followed by the number of the first working day from the
1238 .I day
1239 list.
1240 The default value is
1241 .BR 2
1242 (plain number).
1243 See NOTES.
1244 .TP
1245 .I cal_direction
1246 .\" from localedata/locales/uk_UA
1247 followed by a plain number value that indicates the direction for the
1248 display of calendar dates, as follows:
1249 .RS
1250 .TP 4
1251 .B 1
1252 Left-right from top.
1253 .TP
1254 .B 2
1255 Top-down from left.
1256 .TP
1257 .B 3
1258 Right-left from top.
1259 .RE
1260 .TP
1261 .I date_fmt
1262 followed by the appropriate date representation for
1263 .BR date (1)
1264 (for syntax, see
1265 .BR strftime (3)).
1266 .PP
1267 The
1268 .B LC_TIME
1269 definition ends with the string
1270 .IR "END LC_TIME" .
1271 .SH FILES
1272 .TP
1273 .I /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
1274 Usual default locale archive location.
1275 .TP
1276 .I /usr/share/i18n/locales
1277 Usual default path for locale definition files.
1278 .SH CONFORMING TO
1279 POSIX.2, ISO/IEC TR 14652.
1280 .SH NOTES
1281 The collective GNU C library community wisdom regarding
1282 .IR abday ,
1283 .IR day ,
1284 .IR week ,
1285 .IR first_weekday ,
1286 and
1287 .I first_workday
1288 states at
1289 https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales
1290 the following:
1291 .IP * 3
1292 The value of the second
1293 .I week
1294 list item specifies the base of the
1295 .I abday
1296 and
1297 .I day
1298 lists.
1299 .IP *
1300 .I first_weekday
1301 specifies the offset of the first day-of-week in the
1302 .I abday
1303 and
1304 .I day
1305 lists.
1306 .IP *
1307 For compatibility reasons, all glibc locales should set the value of the
1308 second
1309 .I week
1310 list item to
1311 .B 19971130
1312 (Sunday) and base the
1313 .I abday
1314 and
1315 .I day
1316 lists appropriately, and set
1317 .I first_weekday
1318 and
1319 .I first_workday
1320 to
1321 .B 1
1322 or
1323 .BR 2 ,
1324 depending on whether the week and work week actually starts on Sunday or
1325 Monday for the locale.
1326 .\" .SH AUTHOR
1327 .\" Jochen Hein (Hein@Student.TU-Clausthal.de)
1328 .SH SEE ALSO
1329 .BR iconv (1),
1330 .BR locale (1),
1331 .BR localedef (1),
1332 .BR localeconv (3),
1333 .BR newlocale (3),
1334 .BR setlocale (3),
1335 .BR strftime (3),
1336 .BR strptime (3),
1337 .BR uselocale (3),
1338 .BR charmap (5),
1339 .BR charsets (7),
1340 .BR locale (7),
1341 .BR unicode (7),
1342 .BR utf-8 (7)