+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-07-13, London
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
+Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
+Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
+Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
+Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
+Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
+lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
+Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
+石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
+ Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
+ (disk-based) filesystem.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
+ The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
+ epoll_ctl().
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
+ SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
+
+getpid.2
+ Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
+ Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
+
+ Rationale given in the release notes:
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix ordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: order alphabetically
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
+ but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
+
+membarrier.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
+
+mount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
+ MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
+ flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
+ uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
+ per-filesystem flag.
+
+ So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
+ MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
+
+seccomp.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
+ In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
+ ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
+ implementation:
+
+ if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
+ return (set_errno(EINVAL));
+
+ And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
+
+ if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
+ return (EINVAL);
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
+ for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
+ And it was not needed :-(.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor reworking of the text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
+
+splice.2
+tee.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
+
+acosh.3
+asinh.3
+atanh.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
+ dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
+ loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
+ (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
+ understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the code example, and show sample output
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List values for the 'p_type' field
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
+
+flockfile.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an errors section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
+
+grantpt.3
+ptsname.3
+unlockpt.3
+ Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Douglas Caetano dos Santos
+ Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
+ POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
+ corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
+ Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
+
+strtol.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention 0X prefix
+ The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
+
+ See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
+ Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
+ who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
+ is not changed on a successful return.
+
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix error in feature test macro requirements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ DJ Delorie
+ Clarify group merge rules
+ This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
+ and how duplicate entries are merged.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
+ Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
+ SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
+ Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further explanation of the example shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a bug in shell session example
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
+
+man.7
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention signal.h header file
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
+ Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
+ (Change was in Linux 3.8.)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
+ Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
+ Ruben Kerkhof
+ Change default value of tcp_frto
+ The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
+ (Linux 2.6.24).
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+ ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+
+ Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
+ The most recent question was here:
+ https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
+
+ We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
+ situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
+ immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
+ Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
+ paragraph, to make it more obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
+ In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
+ directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
+ a library to be marked in this way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
+ Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
+Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
+Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
+Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
+Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
+Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
+Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_mutex_consistent.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
+ New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
+ Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
+ over time.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
+ Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
+ F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
+ Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ The preferred form is
+
+ .PP/.IP
+ .in +4n
+ .EX
+ <code>
+ .EE
+ .in
+ .PP/.IP
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
+ Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
+ than in code examples), since they create large vertical
+ spaces between text blocks.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Use en-dash for ranges
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
+
+add_key.2
+backtrace.3
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update Linux documentation pointers
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
+ There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
+ kernel version to 4.12.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
+ This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Thiago Jung Bauermann
+ Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
+
+getrlimit.2
+mmap.2
+malloc.3
+ Jonas Grabber
+ RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the operation of robust futex lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update uffdio_api.features description
+ There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
+ for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
+ space would like to enable.
+
+io_submit.2
+ Sage Weil
+ Acknowledge possibility of short return
+ Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
+ if not all iocbs were queued at once.
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
+ These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update kernel documentation path reference
+
+move_pages.2
+ Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
+ Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
+
+open.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Improve O_PATH documentation
+ - fstatfs is now permitted.
+ - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
+ - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
+ triggering the mount.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ptrace.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
+ Fix an off-by-one error in example code
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
+ Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
+
+_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
+ A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
+ page isn't very useful...
+
+sysfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
+
+umount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise MNT_FORCE description
+ MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
+ MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
+ transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
+
+ Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
+
+unshare.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
+
+cmsg.3
+ Sukadev Bhattiprolu
+ Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
+
+crypt.3
+ Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
+
+exp2.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation
+
+log1p.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
+
+matherr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
+
+pow10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
+ Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
+ starting with version 2.27.
+
+sincos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
+
+cciss.4
+hpsa.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
+ Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
+ During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
+ removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
+ some legacy board support.
+
+initrd.4
+proc.5
+bootparam.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
+
+initrd.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
+
+intro.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to existing locales for encoding details
+ Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
+ explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
+ proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
+ existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
+ exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
+
+proc.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
+ This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
+ according to historic Linux repository commit log.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of timer_stats file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show command used to mount /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+ This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
+ tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
+ The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
+ Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
+ format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
+ improvements in the part of the man page.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
+ Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
+ file capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
+ Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
+
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document description restriction for logon keys
+ "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
+ prefix in key descriptions.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add pointers to kernel's documentation
+ Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
+ security/keys for some reason.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
+
+netlink.7
+ David Wilder
+ Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
+ Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
+
+tcp.7
+ Vincent Bernat
+ tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
+ And it is completely broken.
+
+unicode.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
+Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
+Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
+Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
+David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
+Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
+Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
+Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
+Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
+Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
+Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
+Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
+Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
+Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
+Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
+Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
+Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
+Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_spin_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
+ Florian Weimer]
+ New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_spin_lock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
+ Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
+ and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
+
+veth.4
+ Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
+ Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
+
+
+Removed pages
+-------------
+
+infnan.3:
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
+ of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
+ ago. Time to remove the man page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+userfaultfd.2
+ Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
+ Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
+
+madvise.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
+ Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Mike Kravetz
+ Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
+ hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
+ and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
+ support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+proc.5
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
+ Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/locks
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Document /proc/kpagecgroup
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_spin_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
+
+pthread_spin_trylock.3
+pthread_spin_unlock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
+ When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
+ not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
+ "x86-64" predominant.
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
+ People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
+ to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
+ "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
+
+ In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
+ still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
+ one is supposed to be comparing.
+
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a redundant paragraph
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NFS details to a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
+ Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
+
+fork.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
+
+fork.2
+getsid.2
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Ahmad Fatoum
+ Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
+
+fsync.2
+ Craig Ringer
+ ERRORS: add ENOSPC
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
+ Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
+ https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information for feature bits
+
+io_submit.2
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add iocb details to io_submit
+ Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
+ fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
+ io_submit() call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update example to take TSO into account
+ The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
+ x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
+ ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
+ explicit barriers on TSO.
+
+ So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
+ architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
+ barriers on x86.
+
+ Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
+ reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
+ configured for nohz_full.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the limit for size of 'name'
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
+ Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
+ the main text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
+
+mremap.2
+ Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
+ Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
+ Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
+ mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
+ the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
+ mapping'.
+
+ A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
+ duplicate a private mapping will fail.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
+ BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
+ Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
+ follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
+ for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
+ Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
+ operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
+ read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
+ should require read permission.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
+ /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
+ NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
+ Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
+ rather than a promise.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
+ Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Breno Leitao
+ Fix argument order
+ Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
+ first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
+ The second argument is the one that should specify the
+ page access rights.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
+ The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
+ the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
+ reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
+ SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
+ wait() in the parent process.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
+ [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
+ wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
+ Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "default" filter return action
+ The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
+ return action values.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
+ In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
+ switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
+ SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
+ to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
+
+send.2
+ Grégory Vander Schueren
+ Add EALREADY to ERRORS
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Yubin Ruan
+ Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
+ Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
+ a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
+ information about the ucontext argument.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit error handling to example code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add use of sigaction() to example code
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
+ Use lstat() instead of stat()
+ It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
+ since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
+ also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
+ NeilBrown
+ Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
+ Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
+ functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
+ Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
+ respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
+ the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comments describing a few filesystem types
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
+ Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
+ Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
+
+write.2
+fsync.2
+close.2
+ NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
+ Update description of error codes
+ Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
+ to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
+
+ Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
+ EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
+ in particular.
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
+
+backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
+ Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
+ backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
+ POSIX.1-2001.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
+ a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
+ text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
+ Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
+ time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
+ cause problems with modern C libraries.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some missing errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
+ POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
+ the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
+ than nonzero.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
+ Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
+ readability. No (intentional) content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
+ Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
+ Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
+ to add error numbers to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
+ Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
+ search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
+ PATH is not defined.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
+ Cristian Rodríguez
+ fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
+
+lround.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
+ Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
+
+makedev.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix the example
+ Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
+ functions that were declared in this header.
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
+ All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
+ As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
+ meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
+ threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
+ that possible misreading.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
+ The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix cruft in code example
+
+stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper section cross references in function list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+ and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
+ Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
+ RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
+ Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
+ Marcus Folkesson
+ Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+arp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
+
+fifo.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
+
+hier.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
+
+icmp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Add a use case for real minus character
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
+ Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
+ PID namespaces.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
+ Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new 340 line idmap limit
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ Simplify language around conferring capabilities
+ The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
+ to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
+ confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
+ simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
+Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
+Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
+QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
+Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
+Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing network namespaces
+ Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the VSOCK socket address family
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'release_agent' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Standardize on "nonzero"
+ Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Library support was added in glibc 2.27
+ Shawn Landden
+ glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
+ Florian Weimer
+ EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EISDIR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
+
+fcntl.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
+ If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
+ affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
+
+mmap.2
+ John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
+ MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
+ MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
+ page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
+ John Hubbard
+ MAP_FIXED updated documentation
+ -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
+ enough detail to allow avoiding them.
+
+ -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
+
+ -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
+
+mount.2
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Point out that error handling is unreliable
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
+ fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
+
+fuse.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
+
+veth.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add network_namespaces(7)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
+ Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
+ the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
+ The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
+ Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
+ capabilities on a file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
+ effective sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
+ * Mention kernel versions.
+ * Place current kernel behavior first
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Add information about RDMA controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
+
+ip.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
+ INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
+ INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
+ byte-order neutral.
+
+namespaces.7
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
+ Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
+ The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
+ priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
+ (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
+ pthread_setschedprio().)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
+Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
+Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
+Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
+Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
+ Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
+ Linux 4.16:
+
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
+ alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+
+mmap.2
+ Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
+ Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
+ Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
+ 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
+ the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
+
+readv.2
+io_submit.2
+ Jürg Billeter
+ Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe file capability versioning
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document namespaced-file capabilities
+ [There's still more work to be done on this new text]
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
+ And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
+ This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
+ forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
+ This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
+ explicitly.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
+
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
+ Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
+ range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
+ be used otherwise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
+ This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
+ unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
+ move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
+ the reader to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
+ As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
+ with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
+
+msgget.2
+semget.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
+ This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
+ could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
+ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
+
+open.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Song Liu
+ Add type kprobe and uprobe
+ Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
+ perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
+ uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
+ information about these types.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
+ The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
+ usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
+ describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
+ harder to understand.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant sentence
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
+ On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
+ architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
+ which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
+ over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
+ execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
+
+shutdown.2
+ Carsten Grohmann
+ SEE ALSO: add close(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ Add riscv
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
+ Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
+ These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
+
+crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
+ The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
+ case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
+ libxcrypt.
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
+ ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve EPIPE error text
+
+getcwd.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Frederic Brault
+ Note default thread stack size for several architectures
+
+tsearch.3
+ Jann Horn
+ Clarify items vs nodes
+ The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
+ item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
+ corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
+ pointer to a pointer to the data item.
+
+ Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
+ sentence.
+ Jann Horn
+ tdelete() can return dangling pointers
+ POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
+ return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
+ returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
+ Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
+ that must not be accessed.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document current mount options
+ Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
+ Style was based on proc(5) sections.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
+ The mount options are now described in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe 'mpol' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'huge' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document mpol=local mount option
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
+ Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
+ When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
+ the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
+ should be compared. This point was already made clear in
+ ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+ /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
+ child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to unix(7)
+ For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
+
+posixoptions.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand XSI Options groups
+ We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
+ and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
+
+ The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
+ realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
+ streams, and legacy interfaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
+ Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
+ remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
+ The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
+ Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
+ gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
+ the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Make lack of separator escaping explicit
+ Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
+ (such as \:) to workaround it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-03-06, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Manzanares <adam.manzanares@wdc.com>
+Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alessandro Vesely <vesely@tana.it>
+Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
+Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
+Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
+Anatoly Borodin <anatoly.borodin@gmail.com>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Westfeld <andreas.westfeld@htw-dresden.de>
+Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andrew Price <andy@andrewprice.me.uk>
+Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiopoulos@suse.com>
+Antonio Chirizzi <antonio.chirizzi@gmail.com>
+Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it>
+Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
+Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
+Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
+bert hubert <bert.hubert@powerdns.com>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Burkhard Lück <lueck@hube-lueck.de>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+Daniel Kamil Kozar <dkk089@gmail.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
+David Newall <glibc@davidnewall.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Emil Fihlman <emil.fihlman@gmail.com>
+Enrico Scholz <enrico.scholz@sigma-chemnitz.de>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
+Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Felipe Gasper <felipe@felipegasper.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frank Theile <ftheile@grundfos.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.de>
+Göran Häggsjö <goran.haggsjo@icloud.com>
+Harry Mallon <hjmallon@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
+Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
+Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com>
+Hiroya Ito <hiroyan@gmail.com>
+Howard Johnson <hj@HowardJohnson.name>
+Ian Turner <iturner@janestreet.com>
+Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
+Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James Weigle <jtweigle@uchicago.edu>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
+Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
+Johannes Altmanninger <aclopte@gmail.com>
+Johannes Liebermann <johanan.liebermann@gmail.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Joseph Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Josh Gao <jmgao@google.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson@gmail.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Konst Mayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Leah Hanson <lhanson@pivotal.io>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Luka Macan <Luka.Macan@fer.hr>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <marcus.gelderie@gmail.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Schott <schottm@google.com>
+Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
+Matthew Kilgore <mattkilgore12@gmail.com>
+Mattias Engdegård <mattiase@acm.org>
+Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Michael Becker <mjbecker@web.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
+Mike Weilgart <mike.weilgart@verticalsysadmin.com>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Nick Gregory <ghost@capsule8.com>
+Niklas Hambüchen <mail@nh2.me>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+nixiaoming <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
+Oded Elisha <oded123456@gmail.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de>
+Philip Dumont <phil@solidstatescientific.com>
+Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
+Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
+Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov1@gmail.com>
+Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+ruschein <ruschein@protonmail.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+snyh <snyh@snyh.org>
+Solal Pirelli <solal.pirelli@gmail.com>
+Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com>
+Stephan Knauss <linux@stephans-server.de>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Posch <kernel.org@online.posch.name>
+Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
+Troy Engel <troyengel@gmail.com>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>
+Tycho Kirchner <tychokirchner@mail.de>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
+William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
+Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_guarded_storage.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call
+
+address_families.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ New page that contains details of socket address families
+ There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into
+ a new page instead.
+
+bpf-helpers.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet]
+ Add new man page for eBPF helper functions
+ (autogenerated from kernel source files)
+
+
+Removed Pages
+-------------
+
+mdoc.7
+mdoc.samples.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze]
+ Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7)
+ groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better
+ equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project
+ provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually
+ no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fanotify_init.2
+fanotify.7
+ nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify.7: update description of member pid in
+ struct fanotify_event_metadata
+ Amir Goldstein
+ Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM
+ Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem.
+ Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein]
+ Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
+
+io_submit.2
+ Adam Manzanares
+ Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO
+
+msgctl.2
+semctl.2
+shmctl.2
+ Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document STAT_ANY commands
+
+prctl.2
+ Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM
+
+socket.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Document AF_XDP
+ Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18.
+
+inotify.7
+ Henry Wilson
+ Document IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+reallocarray.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to malloc(3)
+
+precedence.7
+ Josh Triplett
+ Add as a redirect to operator.7
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description"
+
+Various pages
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0'
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+iconv.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ SEE ALSO: add uconv(1)
+
+localedef.1
+ Howard Johnson
+ Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect
+
+time.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger]
+ Document the -q/--quiet option
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update bug reporting address
+
+bpf.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18
+ JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle.
+ Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported).
+ Oded Elisha
+ Fix bug in example
+ Quentin Monnet
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7)
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and
+ capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least
+ as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/root
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of threads and signals
+ The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2),
+ but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel.
+ Jann Horn
+ Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the discussion of threads and signals
+ And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and
+ "thread-directed" signals.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS
+
+connect.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use the term "interest list" consistently
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity
+ The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less
+ (sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock'
+
+futex.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins
+
+getcpu.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+ The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019.
+
+getgid.2
+getpid.2
+getuid.2
+pipe.2
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe 2nd return value peculiarity
+ Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for
+ additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this.
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads
+ This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday()
+
+gettimeofday.2
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock
+
+getxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz]
+ ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Paul Millar
+ Add IN_ONLYDIR based error
+ Henry Wilson
+ Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+io_submit.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ Fix the description of aio_data
+ aio_data is not a kernel-internal field.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen]
+ MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Marc-André Lureau
+ Update hugetlb file-sealing support
+ Lucas De Marchi
+ Fix header for memfd_create()
+ Joseph C. Sible
+ _GNU_SOURCE is required
+
+mmap.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Explicitly state that the fd can be closed
+ Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski]
+ Fix description of treatment of the hint
+ The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free
+ space close to the requested address, but that's not the case.
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon]
+ Document EROFS for read-only filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide
+ a helpful clue here.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists
+
+open.2
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document ENXIO for sockets
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition
+ O_RSYNC is defined in <asm/fcntl.h> on HP PA-RISC, but is not
+ used anyway.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers
+ Andrew Price
+ Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation
+ Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Wang Nan]
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl
+ The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix wording in multiplexing description
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify exclude_idle
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix prctl behavior description
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8)
+ Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible]
+ Document EINVAL if root is rootfs
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy]
+ Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64
+
+prctl.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
+ The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid
+ filed contains the PID of the terminating parent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set
+ (However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have
+ manual pages...)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set
+
+ptrace.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work
+ Jann Horn
+ BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero
+
+readdir.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition
+
+readv.2
+ Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer]
+ Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2()
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Add feature test macro for renameat2()
+ The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and
+ requires _GNU_SOURCE.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT
+ Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE
+ Tobias Klauser
+ renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+s390_runtime_instr.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens]
+ Some minor additions
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process)
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi]
+ Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror())
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some text restructuring and reordering
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+sigaction.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread*
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to external docs
+ This information is all in the new address_families(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to address_families(7)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of address families
+ Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7)
+ Nikola Forró
+ Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP
+ All address families are now documented in address_families.7.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list
+ The list of address families in this page is still
+ overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it.
+ The removed entries are all in address_families(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a few obsolete protocols
+ Documentation for these remains in address_families(7)
+
+socketpair.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2)
+ Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely]
+ ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ SEE ALSO: add statx(2)
+
+statx.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Elaborate x32 ABI specifics
+ snyh
+ Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc needs care with syscall parameters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework table to render within 80 columns
+
+syscalls.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir()
+ As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64,
+ as noted later in the page.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update syscall table
+ Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl,
+ atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint,
+ clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls,
+ getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid,
+ getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls,
+ metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount,
+ or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache,
+ sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot,
+ sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext,
+ switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd,
+ usr26, usr32, xtensa.
+
+ Uncommented: memory_ordering
+
+ Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to
+ swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext).
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note about s390x and old_mmap
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_guarded_storage(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update syscall list for Linux 4.18
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that not all architectures return errno negated
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2)
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice
+ The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has
+ previously been unshared.
+
+ustat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function
+
+vmsplice.2
+ Andrei Vagin
+ Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some cross references to core(5)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add details on partial direct I/O writes
+
+alloca.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Xiao Yang
+ Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+
+bstring.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman]
+ Correct argument list for memmem() prototype
+
+cmsg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC
+ This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code
+
+des_crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call
+
+exit.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note wider sysexits.h availability
+
+ferror.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Warn about closing the result of fileno()
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Clarify "shell wildcard pattern"
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
+ Fix off-by-one error in example client program
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text on use of getcwd() system call
+ Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this
+ page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd()
+
+getmntent.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose()
+
+isatty.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY
+ Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL.
+
+lockf.3
+ Ian Turner
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file.
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk]
+ Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program
+
+pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Remove bug notes
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Explain _np suffix
+ Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np"
+ suffix is because these functions are non-portable.
+
+putenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Becker
+ Add documentation of res_nclose()
+
+strcmp.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware
+
+strcpy.3
+ Matthew Kilgore
+ Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes)
+
+strfry.3
+ Keith Thompson
+ Remove incorrect reference to rand(3)
+
+string.3
+strlen.3
+strnlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use 'bytes' not 'characters'
+ This is in line with POSIX terminology.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2)
+ Arkadiusz Drabczyk
+ Mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+termios.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note an XTABS alpha issue
+
+trunc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Make the description a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number
+
+xcrypt.3
+ Jason A. Donenfeld
+ Warn folks not to use these functions
+
+lirc.4
+ Sean Young
+ Fix broken link
+ Sean Young
+ Document error returns more explicitly
+ Sean Young
+ lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h
+ Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab]
+ Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented
+ Sean Young
+ Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE
+ Sean Young
+ Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT)
+ Now all ioctls are documented.
+ Sean Young
+ Timeout reports are enabled by default
+ Sean Young
+ Some devices are send only
+ Sean Young
+ Update SEE ALSO
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported
+ No driver ever supported such a thing.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT
+
+tty.4
+ Michael Witten
+ Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section
+
+vcs.4
+ Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten]
+ Fix broken example code
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned
+
+filesystems.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention sysfs(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont]
+ Document /proc/[tid]
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc
+ Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan]
+ Correct description of NStgid
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document fdinfo format for timerfd
+ Stephan Knauss
+ Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1)
+ fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using
+ ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular
+ location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Describe ambiguities in /proc/<pid>/maps
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory]
+ Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field
+ Alan Jenkins
+ Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities
+ The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3
+ security.capability extended attribute.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored
+ The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not
+ performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits
+ may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite
+ correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty
+ for the purpose of the capability transition calculations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details
+ on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has
+ capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is
+ not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0
+ (root).
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the
+ effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a
+ switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on
+ the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the
+ effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and
+ saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values.
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Mention header for SECBIT constants
+ Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others)
+ are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header
+ is included.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets
+ Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal]
+ Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier]
+ Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details
+ Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ section, and correct a couple of details:
+ * If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec,
+ the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities
+ if the file effective bit is set.
+ * Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities
+ if the binary does not also have attached capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update URL for libcap tarballs
+ The previous location does not seem to be getting updated.
+ (For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26
+ had been out for two months, but was not present at
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to
+ capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted,
+ effective, and inheritable process capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2)
+ Add background details on ambient and bounding set when
+ discussing capability transformations during execve(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel]
+ Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads
+ Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the
+ v2 'cpu' controller.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies
+ This feature was added in Linux 5.0.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart]
+ Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate'
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson]
+ Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file
+ In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a
+ cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded".
+ Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie]
+ Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1
+ Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental
+ feature.
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat Q&A list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter
+ Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that
+ only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken
+ up when a file descriptor becomes ready.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication
+ In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application
+ to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors.
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld]
+ Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar]
+ Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR
+ Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a
+ nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR.
+
+ip.7
+ Bert Hubert
+ IP_RECVTTL error fixed
+ I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set
+ the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get
+ IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage
+ promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer.
+
+man.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List factors that may pin a namespace into existence
+ Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it
+ has no member processes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner]
+ Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes
+ Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside
+ in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the
+ child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather
+ than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior
+ After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty
+ until the first child is created. Verified by experiment.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread*
+ Helge Deller
+ Add signal numbers for parisc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info
+ Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces
+ readability, and would require more table splits if future
+ standards specify other signals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists
+ x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently
+ are in the second subfield in the signal number lists.
+ Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most
+ common architectures are first in the list.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place signal numbers in a separate table
+ The current tables of signal information are unwieldy,
+ as they try to cram in too much information.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Insert standards info into tables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add clone(2)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add address_families(7)
+
+socket.7
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7)
+ This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so
+ place it in unix(7).
+
+tcp.7
+udp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS
+ The existing description is rather thin. More can be said.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS
+ The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper]
+ Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces
+ Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when
+ describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user
+ namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with
+ "associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the
+ relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible.
+
+vdso.7
+ Helge Deller
+ Fix parisc gateway page description
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall]
+ Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order
+
+zdump.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+zic.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff