+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-release, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Tilde expansion isn't performed on indexed array subscripts, even for
+ backwards compatibility.
+
+b. The shell doesn't exit in posix mode if the eval builtin gets a parse
+ error when run by the command builtin.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused a shell comment in an alias to not find the end
+ of the alias properly.
+
+d. Reverted a change from April, 2018 that caused strings containing
+ backslashes to be flagged as glob patterns.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fix to initial word completion detection code.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused issues with assignment statements containing ^A in
+ the value assigned when IFS contains ^A.
+
+c. Added a fallback to fnmatch() when strcoll can't correctly deal with
+ bracket expression character equivalence classes.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused $BASH_COMMAND to contain the trap handler command
+ when running a trap handler containing [[ or (( commands.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused nameref assignments in the temporary environment
+ to potentially create variables with invalid names.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `local -' to turn off alias expansion in scripts.
+
+g. Fixed a parser issue with a command string containing EOF after an invalid
+ command as an argument to a special builtin not causing a posix-mode shell
+ to exit.
+
+h. Made a slight change to the FNV-1 string hash algorithm used for associative
+ arrays (corrected the initial seed).
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `select' command now supports command forms without a word list
+ following `in'.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta2, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause a seg fault while parsing a subshell command
+ inside a command substitution.
+
+b. Fixed several small memory leaks uncovered by coverity.
+
+c. Fixed a problem with command substitution inside an interactive shell that
+ could cause the parent to receive a SIGHUP.
+
+d. Fixed a problem with using `*' and `@' as subscripts when assigning values
+ to an associative array with assoc_expand_once enabled.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that could cause a huge memory allocation when completing a
+ word beginning with an invalid tilde expansion.
+
+f. Cleaned up some incompatiblities with bash-4.4 when expanding indexed array
+ subscripts used in arithmetic expansions when assoc_expand_once is enabled.
+
+g. The ${parameter@a} expansion will display attributes even if `parameter' is
+ unset.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused the output of `set' to cut off some variables before
+ printing the value.
+
+i. Treat a failure to assign a variable when using the ${x:=value} expansion
+ as an expansion error, so non-interactive posix-mode shells exit
+
+j. Fixed a problem when expanding $* in a context where word splitting is not
+ performed when IFS is NULL.
+
+k. Temp files used to store here documents are forced readable, no matter what
+ the user's umask says.
+
+l. Fixed a problem where an interrupted brace expansion could cause the shell
+ to attempt to free an invalid memory location.
+
+m. Make sure to check for any terminating signals after running a trap
+ handler; don't wait until the next time we process traps.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused "return" to act like a special builtin with respect
+ to variable assignments even when preceded by "command".
+
+o. POSIX-mode shells now return failure if the cd builtin fails due to the
+ absolute directory name being longer than PATH_MAX, instead of trying
+ again with a relative pathname.
+
+p. Fixed a problem with FUNCNAME occasionally being visible when not executing
+ a shell function.
+
+q. Fixed a problem with the expansions performed on the WORD in the case
+ command.
+
+r. Fixed a slight POSIX compatibility when removing "IFS whitespace" during
+ word splitting and the read builtin.
+
+s. Fixed a problem with expanding an array with subscript `*' when all the
+ elements expand to the empty string, and making sure the expansion honors
+ the `:' specifier.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug with adding multibyte characters to an incremental search string.
+
+b. Fixed a bug with redoing text insertions in vi mode.
+
+c. Fixed a bug with pasting text into an incremental search string if bracketed
+ paste mode is enabled. ESC cannot be one of the incremental search
+ terminator characters for this to work.
+
+d. Fixed a bug with anchored search patterns when performing searches in vi
+ mode.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of
+ whitespace.
+
+b. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default.
+
+c. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented.
+
+d. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented.
+
+e. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way
+ up to SIGRTMAX.
+
+f. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin.
+
+g. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since
+ traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'.
+
+h. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks.
+
+i. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though
+ conforming applications aren't supposed to use them.
+
+j. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public
+ function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that.
+
+b. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite
+ mode.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-5.0-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells to "inherit" enclosing loops -- this
+ is where POSIX says the subshell is not "enclosed" by the loop.
+
+b. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized
+ existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
+
+c. In POSIX mode, assignments preceding regular builtins should not persist
+ when the builtin completes.
+
+d. Added additional checks to special array assignment (e.g., BASH_ALIASES)
+ so it can't be used to bypass validity checks performed in other places.
+
+e. The `!!' history expansion now refers to the previous history entry as
+ expected, even if used on the second or subsequent line of a multi-line
+ history entry.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dereference a NULL pointer if
+ the environment (`environ') is set to NULL.
+
+g. Bash uses slightly better integer overflow handling for brace sequence
+ expansion on systems where ints are 32 bits and intmax_t is 64 bits.
+
+h. Fixed a bug setting attributes for a variable named as an argument to
+ `declare' that also appears as a nameref in the temporary environment.
+
+i. Fixed several bugs that could cause assignments to namerefs to create
+ variables with invalid names.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that could result in the SIGINT handler being set incorrectly
+ in asynchronous subshells.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that could cause `bash -t' to not execute the specified command.
+
+l. Fixed several bugs that caused the shell to operate on the wrong variable
+ when using namerefs with the same name as a global variable in shell
+ functions.
+
+m. Internal changes to how the shell handles variables with invalid names in
+ the initial environment and to prevent variables with invalid names from
+ being added to the environment instead of passing them on to children.
+
+n. Changes to make sure that an expansion that results in a quoted null string
+ is reflected in the expansion, even if the word expands to nothing.
+
+o. Changes to make sure that $* and ${array[*]} (and $@/${array[@]}) expand
+ the same way after the recent changes for POSIX interpretation 888.
+
+p. Saving and restoring the positional parameters at function entry and exit
+ is considerably more efficient; noticeably so when there are large numbers
+ of positional parameters.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `lastpipe' and `pipefail' to return an incorrect
+ status for the pipeline if there was more than one external command in a
+ loop body appearing in the last pipeline element.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused value conversion errors with the printf builtin's
+ %u and %f conversion specifications and invalid constants.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized
+ existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding.
+
+b. Fixed a problem with bracketed-paste inserting more than one character and
+ interacting with other readline functions.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the history library to attempt to append a history
+ line to a non-existent history entry.
+
+d. If using bracketed paste mode, output a newline after the \r that is the
+ last character of the mode disable string to avoid overwriting output.
+
+e. Fixes to the vi-mode `b', `B', `w', `W', `e', and `E' commands to better
+ handle multibyte characters.
+
+f. Fixed a redisplay problem that caused an extra newline to be generated on
+ accept-line when the line length is exactly the screenwidth.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Bash no longer allows variable assignments preceding a special builtin that
+ changes variable attributes to propagate back to the calling environment
+ unless the compatibility level is 44 or lower.
+
+b. You can set the default value for $HISTSIZE at build time in config-top.h.
+
+c. The `complete' builtin now accepts a -I option that applies the completion
+ to the initial word on the line.
+
+d. The internal bash malloc now uses mmap (if available) to satisfy requests
+ greater than 128K bytes, so free can use mfree to return the pages to the
+ kernel.
+
+e. The shell doesn't automatically set BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV at startup
+ unless it's in debugging mode, as the documentation has always said, but
+ will dynamically create them if a script references them at the top level
+ without having enabled debugging mode.
+
+f. The localvar_inherit option will not attempt to inherit a value from a
+ variable of an incompatible type (indexed vs. associative arrays, for
+ example).
+
+g. The `globasciiranges' option is now enabled by default; it can be set to
+ off by default at configuration time.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The history expansion library now understands command and process
+ substitution and extended globbing and allows them to appear anywhere in a
+ word.
+
+b. The history library has a new variable that allows applications to set the
+ initial quoting state, so quoting state can be inherited from a previous
+ line.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause traps in background jobs to give the terminal
+ to the wrong process group.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused `kill -l 0' to print an out-of-range error.
+
+c. Fixed a problem that could result in here-documents being displayed in
+ the wrong order.
+
+d. Fixed a number of out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via
+ fuzzing.
+
+e. Fixed a subshell inheritance problem that could cause a subshell to wait for
+ the wrong process.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused SHLVL to be incremented one too many times when
+ creating subshells.
+
+g. A job dying due to SIGINT can now interrupt sourcing a file in a shell with
+ job control enabled.
+
+h. Fixed a spurious warning about unterminated ${ or $( constructs during
+ word completion.
+
+i. The shell no longer runs traps if a signal arrives while reading command
+ substitution output.
+
+j. Fixed an arithmetic expansion error that could allow ++var++ as valid
+ syntax.
+
+k. Fixed an error that allowed out-of-bounds references to the directory stack.
+
+l. The shell does a better job of saving multi-line history entries with
+ embedded comments.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that could cause quoted bracket expressions in regular expression
+ arguments to `[[' to not match correctly.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that could cause an IFS character in a word to result in an
+ extra '\001' character in the expansion.
+
+o. A trailing backslash in a glob pattern can match a trailing backslash in the
+ string.
+
+p. Fixed a memory leak in the process creation code path when job control is
+ enabled.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused `printf' to output broken surrogate pairs for
+ Japanese locales.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGINT generated from `kill' in a dot script to
+ kill an interactive shell.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause the `read' builtin to not fully read a
+ multibyte character.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that could cause identifiers to be evaluated in conditional
+ arithmetic expressions even when evaluation is suppressed.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that could result in command substitution, when executed in a
+ context where word splitting is not performed, to leave a stray '\001'
+ character in the string.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that could cause history expansion to be disabled in a non-
+ interactive shell even if `-o histexpand' is supplied at startup.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused `read -N' to strip leading whitespace IFS characters.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused spurious tilde expansion in arithmetic expressions.
+
+y. If indirect expansion attempts to indirectly reference through an unset
+ variable, report an error.
+
+z. Added a guard to prevent the shell from looping while receiving an endless
+ stream of SIGTTIN at shell startup.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug with parsing here documents inside a command substitution when
+ looking for the closing delimiter.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not quote all <blank> characters in the
+ current locale when using the `%q' format specifier.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug with bash's internal buffered I/O system that caused the input
+ pointer to not be reset when read(2) returned an EOF.
+
+dd. Bash now installs its SIGWINCH signal handler with SA_RESTART, so it will
+ not interrupt open/read/write system calls.
+
+ee. The ERR trap now reports line numbers more reliably.
+
+ff. The shell no longer tries to manipulate the terminal process group if a
+ command or process substitution is killed by SIGTERM when job control is
+ enabled.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused extglob patterns to match filenames beginning with
+ a period.
+
+hh. File descriptors open for writing to here documents are no longer available
+ to subshells.
+
+ii. Make sure word completion doesn't perform command or process substitution.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug with parsing $$'...' inside a command substitution.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to remove backslash-newline pairs from the
+ body of a here-document with a quoted delimiter inside a command
+ substitution.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang when adding a pid to the
+ table of background process exit statuses.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that could cause 0x01 characters to be doubled in the output
+ of process substitution.
+
+nn. Restricted shells now clear the hash table before making the PATH variable
+ read-only.
+
+oo. There are a number of changes to the expansion of $* and $@ in contexts
+ where word splitting does not occur (quoted and unquoted), with IFS set
+ to NULL or a non-standard value, mostly to deal with the consequences of
+ the behavior defined in Posix interpretation 888.
+
+pp. There are a number of changes to nameref variable handling to avoid
+ creating variables with invalid names.
+
+qq. A non-interactive posix mode shell no longer exits when an assignment
+ statement fails if the assignment is utimately being performed by the
+ `command' builtin.
+
+rr. When using character class names for globbing, don't allow case
+ insensitivity, even if nocaseglob is enabled.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that allowed some redirections to stay in place if a later
+ redirection failed.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug in how command and process substitutions are recognized within
+ other parameter expansions.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop under certain circumstances when
+ performing arithmetic expansion on a variable whose value is an invalid
+ expression.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to expand aliases inappropriately while
+ parsing compound commands like `case'.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that could cause `read -N' to fail to read complete multibyte
+ characters, even when the sequences are incomplete or invalid, with or
+ without readline.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that could cause `case' to fail to match patterns containing
+ 0x01 characters.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused exported functions to contain stray 0x01 characters.
+
+zz. Fixed some inconsistencies with how the history number is handled in the
+ various prompt strings.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if READLINE_LINE was unset
+ inside a shell function bound to a key sequence with `bind -x'.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to not read a token terminator correctly
+ if a command substitution was used inside an arithmetic `for' command.
+
+ccc. Fixed problems that could occur with a fatal arithmetic expansion error
+ in a context (like prompt expansion) where you can't jump back to the
+ top level.
+
+ddd. Expression errors in arithmetic `for' commands are treated more like
+ shell syntax errors.
+
+eee. Fixed a parser synchronization error resulting from a syntax error
+ followed immediately by an EOF.
+
+fff. When executing a shell function, the first line in the function ($LINENO)
+ is line 1 instead of line 0, as Posix requires.
+
+ggg. In Posix mode, bash will canonicalize the value of PWD it inherits from
+ the environment and use that to set its idea of the current directory.
+
+hhh. If LINENO is exported, bash needs to regenerate its value each time it
+ constructs the environment.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug with restoring the SIGINT handler when using `wait -n'.
+
+jjj. Make sure the `coproc' command returns an appropriate status if the NAME
+ argument is invalid.
+
+kkk. Fixed a problem with arithmetic expressions containing array references
+ that contain arithmetic expressions with syntax errors.
+
+lll. The `select' command and help builtin will use $COLUMNS before the window
+ size returned from the kernel as the terminal width.
+
+mmm. `read -n 0' and `read -N 0' now try a zero-length read in an attempt to
+ detect file descriptor errors.
+
+nnn. The `read' builtin now does a better job of acting on signals that don't
+ interrupt read(2).
+
+ooo. Fixed some cases where `printf -v' did not return failure status on a
+ variable assignment error.
+
+ppp. Fixed temporary environment propagation back to the current environment
+ so that it doesn't happen for special builtins run by the `command'
+ builtin.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug when searching for the end of a here-document delimiter in a
+ command substitution.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that could cause `cd ${DIRSTACK[0]}' to fail.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that could cause reserved words to not be recognized in a
+ for statement without the `in' inside a command substitution.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that could cause a double-free in a timed command with an
+ expansion error.
+
+uuu. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a script switches from a UTF-8
+ locale to a different locale after displaying a lone surrogate character.
+
+vvv. Fixed cases where bash prematurely removed FIFOs attached to process
+ substitutions.
+
+www. Fixed a problem with calculating the size of the table that stores exit
+ statuses from background processes when the child process resource limit
+ is very large.
+
+xxx. Fixed a memory leak with functions using `return' when using FIFOs for
+ standard input.
+
+yyy. `wait' without arguments attempts to wait for all active process
+ substitution processes.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug where an indirect parameter was subjected to word splitting
+ when trying to find the indirected variable name.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug that could allow restricted shell users to add commands to
+ the hash table.
+
+bbbb. When using the `!(patlist)' extended globbing operator, a filename
+ beginning with a `.' that doesn't match any of the patterns is not
+ returned as a match if leading dots must be matched explicitly.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug that could cause line number and source file information for
+ a function definition to be incorrect if there are multiple definitions.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that could cause builtins like `readonly' to behave
+ differently when applied to arrays and scalar variables within functions.
+
+eeee. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to add an extra space to
+ a quoted string that begins outside the alias expansion.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that could result in unwanted alias expansion after timing
+ the null command.
+
+gggg. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a timestamp in a history
+ file overflowed a time_t.
+
+hhhh. Restricted shells can no longer redirect from /dev/tcp or /dev/udp, since
+ the kernel calls make those file descriptors read-write.
+
+iiii. Fixed a problem with splitting double-quoted words for programmable
+ completion when the double quote immediately follows another word
+ delimiter.
+
+jjjj. Fixed a bug resulting in a use-after-free if two file descriptors share
+ the same input buffer.
+
+kkkk. The error message resulting from ${x:?} and ${x?} now differs depending
+ on whether the variable is null or unset.
+
+llll. In Posix mode, the shell exits if a variable assignment fails and precedes
+ an empty simple command (after expansion).
+
+mmmm. Fixed a timing problem with SIGALRM that could cause the read builtin to
+ drop characters.
+
+nnnn. Added code to deal with kill(2) failing to send the shell a fatal signal
+ due to Linux pid namespace peculiarities.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that made \C-@ (NUL) unusable in key sequences used for
+ `bind -x' commands.
+
+pppp. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGINT recursion when running an external
+ command in a trap the shell takes after a command exits due to SIGINT.
+
+qqqq. Make sure the shell turns off job control before running the command-
+ not-found handle, so the command doesn't try to manipulate process
+ groups.
+
+rrrr. Fixed a problem with timing process substitutions that caused the shell
+ to print timing information for the calling command.
+
+ssss. Fixed a bug that caused backquotes in a here-document delimiter to mark
+ the delimiter as quoted (inhibiting expansion of the here-document
+ contents).
+
+tttt. Fixed several problems with 0x01 and 0x177 in case pattern lists and
+ conditional command pattern matches.
+
+uuuu. Fixed a bug that could cause the pattern matching engine to not recognize
+ locale-specific character classes.
+
+vvvv. The auto-configuration now tests for /dev/stdin and /dev/fd independently.
+
+wwww. The `globstar' code now skips over symbolic links to directories,
+ preventing them from being scanned twice.
+
+xxxx. When running `bind -x' commands, bash now sets READLINE_POINT based on
+ the number of characters in the readline line buffer, not the number of
+ bytes.
+
+yyyy. Fixed a problem that could cause recursive trap evaluation of the RETURN
+ trap when using `eval return'.
+
+zzzz. Fixed a bug with expanding 0x01 in an unquoted here-document.
+
+aaaaa. The process substitution code now closes and unlinks FIFOs when the
+ process on the other side exits, in order to prevent SIGPIPE or
+ waiting until a FIFO opened for read has a writer.
+
+bbbbb. Fixed a bug with recursive calls to the parser overwriting the token in
+ an {id}>foo construct.
+
+ccccc. After a Posix discussion, the pattern matching engine just skips over
+ invalid character classes in bracket expressions, instead of matching
+ them like individual characters in the expression.
+
+ddddd. Fixed a posix-mode problem with variable scoping when creating variables
+ from assignment statements preceding special builtins.
+
+eeeee. Fixed a bug that could cause patterns containing backslashes to not be
+ run through the pattern matching engine.
+
+fffff. Fixed a bug that could cause redirections to compound commands to not
+ be `undone' if the file descriptor in the redirection was closed when
+ the redirection was initially processed.
+
+ggggg. Fixed a bug that could cause buffer corruption when using `bind -x' in
+ a command execute as a result of a key binding installed by `bind -x'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Added a guard to prevent nested macros from causing an infinite expansion
+ loop.
+
+b. Instead of allocating enough history list entries to hold the maximum list
+ size, cap the number allocated initially.
+
+c. Added a strategy to avoid allocating huge amounts of memory if a block of
+ history entries without timestamps occurs after a block with timestamps.
+
+d. Added support for keyboard timeouts when an ESC character is the last
+ character in a macro.
+
+e. There are several performance improvements when in a UTF-8 locale.
+
+f. Readline does a better job of preserving the original set of blocked
+ signals when using pselect() to wait for input.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused multibyte characters in macros to be mishandled.
+
+h. Fixed several bugs in the code that calculates line breaks when expanding
+ prompts that span several lines, contain multibyte characters, and contain
+ invisible character seqeuences.
+
+i. Fixed several bugs in cursor positioning when displaying lines with prompts
+ containing invisible characters and multibyte characters.
+
+j. When performing case-insensitive completion, Readline no longer sorts the
+ list of matches unless directed to do so.
+
+k. Fixed a problem with key sequences ending with a backslash.
+
+l. Fixed out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via fuzzing.
+
+m. Fixed several cases where the mark was set to an invalid value.
+
+n. Fixed a problem with the case-changing operators in the case where the
+ lower and upper case versions of a character do not have the same number
+ of bytes.
+
+o. Handle incremental and non-incremental search character reads returning EOF.
+
+p. Handle the case where a failing readline command at the end of a multi-key
+ sequence could be misinterpreted.
+
+q. The history library now prints a meaningful error message if the history
+ file isn't a regular file.
+
+r. Fixed a problem with vi-mode redo (`.') on a command when trying to replace
+ a multibyte character.
+
+s. The key binding code now attempts to remove a keymap if a key unbinding
+ leaves it empty.
+
+t. Fixed a line-wrapping issue that caused problems for some terminal
+ emulators.
+
+u. If there is a key bound to the tty's VDISCARD special character, readline
+ disables VDISCARD while it is active.
+
+v. Fixed a problem with exiting bracketed paste mode on terminals that assume
+ the bracketed paste mode character sequence contains visible characters.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that could cause a key binding command to refer to an
+ uninitialized variable.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `wait' builtin can now wait for the last process substitution created.
+
+b. There is an EPOCHSECONDS variable, which expands to the time in seconds
+ since the Unix epoch.
+
+c. There is an EPOCHREALTIME variable, which expands to the time in seconds
+ since the Unix epoch with microsecond granularity.
+
+d. New loadable builtins: rm, stat, fdflags.
+
+e. BASH_ARGV0: a new variable that expands to $0 and sets $0 on assignment.
+
+f. When supplied a numeric argument, the shell-expand-line bindable readline
+ command does not perform quote removal and suppresses command and process
+ substitution.
+
+g. `history -d' understands negative arguments: negative arguments offset from
+ the end of the history list.
+
+h. The `name' argument to the `coproc' reserved word now undergoes word
+ expansion, so unique coprocs can be created in loops.
+
+i. A nameref name resolution loop in a function now resolves to a variable by
+ that name in the global scope.
+
+j. The `wait' builtin now has a `-f' option, which signfies to wait until the
+ specified job or process terminates, instead of waiting until it changes
+ state.
+
+k. There is a define in config-top.h that allows the shell to use a static
+ value for $PATH, overriding whatever is in the environment at startup, for
+ use by the restricted shell.
+
+l. Process substitution does not inherit the `v' option, like command
+ substitution.
+
+m. If a non-interactive shell with job control enabled detects that a foreground
+ job died due to SIGINT, it acts as if it received the SIGINT.
+
+n. The SIGCHLD trap is run once for each exiting child process even if job
+ control is not enabled when the shell is in Posix mode.
+
+o. A new shopt option: localvar_inherit; if set, a local variable inherits the
+ value of a variable with the same name at the nearest preceding scope.
+
+p. `bind -r' now checks whether a key sequence is bound before binding it to
+ NULL, to avoid creating keymaps for a multi-key sequence.
+
+q. A numeric argument to the line editing `operate-and-get-next' command
+ specifies which history entry to use.
+
+r. The positional parameters are now assigned before running the shell startup
+ files, so startup files can use $@.
+
+s. There is a compile-time option that forces the shell to disable the check
+ for an inherited OLDPWD being a directory.
+
+t. The `history' builtin can now delete ranges of history entries using
+ `-d start-end'.
+
+u. The `vi-edit-and-execute-command' bindable readline command now puts readline
+ back in vi insertion mode after executing commands from the edited file.
+
+v. The command completion code now matches aliases and shell function names
+ case-insensitively if the readline completion-ignore-case variable is set.
+
+w. There is a new `assoc_expand_once' shell option that attempts to expand
+ associative array subscripts only once.
+
+x. The shell only sets up BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC at startup if extended
+ debugging mode is active. The old behavior of unconditionally setting them
+ is available as part of the shell compatibility options.
+
+y. The `umask' builtin now allows modes and masks greater than octal 777.
+
+z. The `times' builtin now honors the current locale when printing a decimal
+ point.
+
+aa. There is a new (disabled by default, undocumented) shell option to enable
+ and disable sending history to syslog at runtime.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Non-incremental vi-mode search (`N', `n') can search for a shell pattern, as
+ Posix specifies (uses fnmatch(3) if available).
+
+b. There are new `next-screen-line' and `previous-screen-line' bindable
+ commands, which move the cursor to the same column in the next, or previous,
+ physical line, respectively.
+
+c. There are default key bindings for control-arrow-key key combinations.
+
+d. A negative argument (-N) to `quoted-insert' means to insert the next N
+ characters using quoted-insert.
+
+e. New public function: rl_check_signals(), which allows applications to
+ respond to signals that readline catches while waiting for input using
+ a custom read function.
+
+f. There is new support for conditionally testing the readline version in an
+ inputrc file, with a full set of arithmetic comparison operators available.
+
+g. There is a simple variable comparison facility available for use within an
+ inputrc file. Allowable operators are equality and inequality; string
+ variables may be compared to a value; boolean variables must be compared to
+ either `on' or `off'; variable names are separated from the operator by
+ whitespace.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-release, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could potentially result in a crash due to an integer
+ overflow.
+
+b. Fixed a bug in where commands printed due to `set -x' could be incorrectly
+ quoted if being printed in contexts where they haven't yet been expanded.
+
+c. Fixed several memory leaks.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that could potentially cause the terminal attributes to be
+ set incorrectly by a command run from a programmable completion.
+
+e. Fixed several potential buffer overflow issues in the word expansion code.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code.
+
+b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for
+ subsequent commands.
+
+c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary
+ environment.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is
+ defined as part of another function's execution.
+
+e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting
+ is not performed and $IFS is not the default.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when
+ there are no positional parameters.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the
+ incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed
+ from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
+
+h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command
+ substitutions with embedded double quotes.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the
+ prompt was shorter than the mode string.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when
+ the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
+ number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
+
+b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+ to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+ behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+ rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+ line has been read.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with
+ inherited signals.
+
+c. Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions
+ associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option
+ as enabled.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in
+ restricted mode.
+
+e. Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch
+ for EXECIGNORE.
+
+e. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with
+ consecutive case statements separated by newlines.
+
+g. Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs
+ terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions.
+
+h. Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short-
+ circuiting.
+
+i. Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries.
+
+j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset,
+ and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating
+ and unsetting variables with invalid names.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an
+ associative and an indexed array.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the
+ command string.
+
+j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment
+ statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying
+ attributes of readonly variables.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the
+ terminal's process group incorrectly.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error
+ messages when the `nounset' shell option is set.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the
+ circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}").
+
+n. Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values
+ are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing
+ but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary
+ environment.
+
+o. Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied
+ at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file.
+
+p. Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement.
+
+q. Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive
+ shell.
+
+r. The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough.
+
+s. Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases.
+
+t. Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and
+ $4 == ')'.
+
+u. Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is
+ not performed.
+
+v. Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the
+ pattern matching characters.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts
+ to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt.
+
+b. Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display
+ incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix.
+
+c. Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and
+ invisible characters in prompt strings.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now
+ happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment.
+
+b. There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple
+ directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error.
+
+c. Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces
+ a warning at build time on many Linux systems.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified
+ by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name).
+
+b. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all
+ screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line.
+
+c. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether
+ or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output.
+
+d. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection
+ specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history
+ expansion.
+
+e. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length
+ is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed.
+
+f. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion
+ specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed several problems with bash completion not special-casing bash syntax
+ constructs.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables
+ when a variable of the same name appears in the temporary environment.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a
+ syntax error.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results
+ even when double-quoted.
+
+e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX
+ exited background pids so their status can be queried later.
+
+f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2.
+
+g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins.
+
+h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited
+ from the environment.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
+ with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group
+ under certain circumstances.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when
+ executing commands from the history list.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution
+ received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
+
+l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match
+ executable names.
+
+m. Fixed a bug where `return' used the wrong exit status when executed in a
+ DEBUG trap.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused a command containing a here-document and an escaped
+ newline to be stored in the history list incorrectly.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking
+ other builtins when it should be ignored.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array
+ variables when used within shell functions.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions
+ to have access to the command's temporary environment.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a
+ SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
+ BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT
+ while reading commands from a file while executing `.'.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused the `-o history' option to have no effect when
+ supplied on the command line when starting a new shell.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused history expansions occurring in command
+ substitutions to not be performed.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' run in a non-interactive shell to disable
+ history expansion for the remainder of the shell script, even if the script
+ had previously enabled it.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to multiple words when IFS is set
+ to the empty string.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output
+ buffered in the stdio library but not written.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run
+ an exit trap in a signal handler context.
+
+z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution
+ to return the wrong exit status.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly
+ redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from
+ /dev/null.
+
+bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
+ invalid timestamps.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup
+ history file if the history file exists and is a regular file.
+
+b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion
+ interface.
+
+c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte
+ and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen
+ width.
+
+d. Fixed a redisplay bug with prompt strings containing invisible characters
+ whose physical length exceeds the screen width and using incremental search.
+
+e. Readline prints more descriptive error messages when it encounters errors
+ while reading an inputrc file.
+
+f. Fixed a bug in the character insertion code that attempts to optimize
+ typeahead when it reads a character that is not bound to self-insert and
+ resets the key sequence state.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. BASH_COMPAT and FUNCNEST can be inherited and set from the shell's initial
+ environment.
+
+b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command
+ substitutions to inherit the -e option. By default, those subshells disable
+ -e. It's enabled as part of turning on posix mode.
+
+c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after
+ reading a complete command but before executing it.
+
+d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to
+ SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child
+ processes.
+
+e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion
+ character.
+
+f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory.
+
+g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing
+ a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
+
+h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will
+ now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd'
+ builtin.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL,
+ the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
+
+b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
+ the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+ history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
+ multi-line history entries.
+
+c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+ terminating `:' or whitespace.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and
+the previous version, bash-4.4-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed two bugs that caused out-of-bounds reads when skipping over assignment
+ statements while finding the word on which to perform programmable
+ completion.
+
+b. Fixed a memory leak in programmable completion.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when interrupting the
+ wait builtin.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused ${!vvv@} to be interpreted as introducing the new
+ `@' operator.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the && and || operators to be incorrectly optimized.
+
+f. The shell now undoes redirections before exiting the shell when the `-e'
+ option is enabled, and a shell function fails.
+
+g. History expansion now skips over the history expansion character in command
+ and process substitution.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused stray '\001' characters to be added to the output
+ of `declare -p'.
+
+i. Fixed a memory leak when processing declare commands that perform compound
+ array assignments.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when reading input from a
+ file and the limit on open file descriptors is high.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR and RETURN traps to be unset if they were
+ set in a shell function but unset previously.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused several signals to be ignored if `exec' failed in
+ an interactive shell.
+
+m. A posix-mode non-interactive shell now considers a parameter expansion error
+ to be a fatal error.
+
+n. The `time' command now prints timing statistics for failed commands when
+ the -e option is enabled.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when attempting to indirectly
+ expand a shell variable with an invalid name.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when running a trap containing
+ a process substitution.
+
+q. Bash now prints the keyword `function' before a function with the same name
+ as a reserved word when using `declare -f' to avoid parse errors when
+ reusing the output as input.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using declare -g to attempt
+ to redefine an existing global indexed array variable as an associative
+ array.
+
+s. Fixed a memory leak that occurred when interrupting brace expansions
+ generating a sequence.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that resulted in alias expansion in redirections.
+
+u. The `declare -a' and `declare -A' commands now print fewer warnings when
+ attempting to create and initialize an array at the same time, but
+ relying on word expansions to construct the compound assignment.
+
+v. The `help' builtin now behaves better in locales where each wide
+ character occupies more than one display column.
+
+w. The `read' builtin no longer has a possible race condition when a timeout
+ occurs.
+
+x. Fixed several expansion problems encountered when IFS="'".
+
+y. Fixed a problem with the expansion of $'\c?'.
+
+z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation
+ has always said.
+
+aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard
+ input, as Posix requires.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL
+ environment.
+
+cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a
+ `/'.
+
+dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to
+ them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here
+ documents inside a command substitution.
+
+ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where
+ appropriate.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string
+ in pattern substitution was NULL.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution
+ contained a non-fatal syntax error.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection
+ resulted in a NULL variable.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained
+ multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs.
+
+kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child
+ process only if the child exits due to SIGINT.
+
+ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple
+ commands.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Colored completion prefixes are now displayed using a different color, less
+ likely to collide with files.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode character search to misbehave when
+ running in callback mode.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused output to be delayed when input is coming from a
+ macro in vi-mode.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `.' command to misbehave when redoing
+ a multi-key key sequence via a macro.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own
+ input function when performing completion.
+
+f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error
+ instead of line termination back to the caller.
+
+g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows
+ introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of
+ bash headers to use when developing new loadable builtins.
+
+b. `enable -f' now attempts to call functions named BUILTIN_builtin_load when
+ loading BUILTIN, and BUILTIN_builtin_unload when deleting it. This allows
+ loadable builtins to run initialization and cleanup code.
+
+c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories
+ where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable
+ builtins.
+
+d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to
+ quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names.
+
+e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for
+ compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and
+the previous version, bash-4.3-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. A bug that caused pipelines to be corrupted while running the DEBUG trap
+ was fixed.
+
+b. A bug that accidentally omitted the `-R' unary operator from `test' was
+ fixed.
+
+c. A bug that could cause the shell to not restore the terminal's process
+ group on shell exit was fixed.
+
+d. Several changes were made to programmable completion to accommodate
+ assumptions made by the bash-completion package.
+
+e. Bash no longer inhibits C-style escape processing ($'...') while performing
+ pattern substitution word expansions.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed from a trap handler to use the
+ wrong return status when one was not supplied as an argument.
+
+g. In Posix mode, defining a function with the same name as a special
+ builtin is now an error, fatal only when the shell is not interactive.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused compound array assignments to discard unset or null
+ variables used as subscripts, thereby making it appear as if the index was
+ not present.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused extended glob patterns to incorrectly match
+ filenames with a leading `.'.
+
+j. Fixed a bug involving sign extension when reallocating the input line
+ after a history expansion, causing segmentation faults.
+
+k. Bash now does a better job at identifying syntax errors during word
+ completion and tailoring completion appropriately.
+
+l. Bash now uses the current locale's decimal point in comamnd timing output.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused segmentation faults while reading here documents if
+ PS2 contains a command substitution.
+
+n. There are several changes to how $@ is expanded when unquoted but in a
+ context where word splitting is not performed (e.g., on the rhs of an
+ assignment or in a conditional command).
+
+o. Bash now quotes command hash table entries that contain shell metacharacters
+ when displaying hash table contents.
+
+p. Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when dup2() fails while performing a
+ redirection.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused directory names evaluated during word completion to
+ be dequoted twice.
+
+r. Fixed several bugs which could result in indirect variable expansion and
+ namerefs creating variables with invalid names or referencing variables
+ set to the empty string.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not expand $0 in word expansions where it
+ should.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that caused bash to perform process substitution if <(
+ appeared inside an arithmetic context.
+
+u. Fixed a bug in extglob pattern parsing that caused slashes in the pattern
+ to be confused as directory names.
+
+v. Fixed several bugs with treatment of invisible variables (variables with
+ attributes that are unset because they have never been assigned values).
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to not clean up readline's
+ state when using the -e and -t options together and the read timed out.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong (but non-zero)
+ value if a command was not found or was not executable.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that caused the `time' reserved word to not be recognized as
+ such in all contexts where it should have been.
+
+z. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to close process subsitution file
+ descriptors when executing a script without the `#!' leading line.
+
+aa. Fixed a typo that caused the `compat42' shell option to set the wrong
+ compatibility level.
+
+bb. The shell now handles process substitution commands with embedded
+ parentheses the same way as it does when parsing command substitution.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused nested pipelines and the `lastpipe' shell option
+ to produce core dumps.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused patterns containing `*' to match pathnames in cases
+ where slashes must be matched explicitly.
+
+ee. Fixed a problem with patterns containing `:' in colon-separated variables
+ like GLOBIGNORE.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused indirect variable expansion using indexed arrays to
+ always use index 0.
+
+gg. Fixed a parsing problem that caused quoted newlines immediately following a
+ command substitution to be mishandled in certain cases.
+
+hh. Fixed a potential buffer overflow on systems without locale_charset or the
+ bash replacement.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused background processes to modify the terminal's
+ process group under certain circumstances.
+
+jj. Asynchronous commands now always set $? to 0 and are not affected by
+ whether or not the command's exit status is being inverted.
+
+kk. Fixed a problem that caused a line ending with an escaped newline and
+ containingh a prior `eval' to be incorrectly parsed.
+
+ll. Fixed an issue with programmable completion and `!' in extglob patterns
+ used as arguments to `compgen -X'.
+
+mm. Word completion now treats the two-character token `>|' as requiring
+ filename expansion.
+
+nn. Bash no longer expands tildes in $PATH elements while in Posix mode.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not clean up readline's state, including
+ the terminal settings, if it received a fatal signal while in a readline()
+ call (including `read -e' and `read -s').
+
+pp. Fixed bug that caused importing shell functions from the environment to
+ execute additional commands following the function.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to return a lookahead character pushed
+ back by a previous call, even when on another line.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused many here-documents or many nested case statements
+ to overflow an internal stack.
+
+ss. Changed the way bash encodes exported functions for inclusion in the
+ environment to avoid name collisions with valid variable names and to
+ indicate that they are exported functions.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that could result in an invalid memory access when processing
+ a here document delimited by end of file or end of string.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that could cause an invalid memory access if a command was run
+ before initializing the job control framework.
+
+vv. When in Posix mode, bash prints shell function definitions as Posix
+ specifies them, without the leading `function' keyword.
+
+ww. The variable attribute display builtins no longer display variables with
+ invalid names that were imported from the environment.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that could allow `break' or `continue' executed from shell
+ functions to affect loops running outside of the function.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that could cause a restricted shell to attempt to import shell
+ functions from the environment.
+
+zz. The shell now allows double-quoted identifiers in arithmetic expressions.
+
+aaa. Fixed a bug that could allow scalar variables subscripted using [@] in
+ word expansions to be incorrectly quoted.
+
+bbb. The shell now makes sure to ignore SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU in child
+ processes if they were ignored at shell startup, even if job control is
+ in effect.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that could cause $* to be split on spaces when IFS is set to
+ the empty string.
+
+ddd. Posix says that expanding $* in a pattern context where the expansion is
+ double-quoted should not treat $* as if it were double quoted.
+
+eee. Bash now restores getopts' internal state between calls to getopts even if
+ a shell function declares a local copy of OPTIND.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that could cause `history -r' or `history -n' to read identical
+ lines from the history file more than once.
+
+ggg. The commands executed by `bind -x' now redisplay at most the final line
+ of a multi-line prompt, and those commands may return 124 to indicate that
+ the entire prompt should be redrawn.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that could cause `mapfile' to create variables with invalid
+ names.
+
+iii. The shell only goes into debugging mode when --debugger is supplied if
+ the debugger initialization file is present.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug that disallowed an assignment to (implicit) subscript 0 of an
+ existing array in a declare command that set the readonly attribute.
+
+kkk. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed assignments to FUNCNAME to disable
+ its special status.
+
+lll. Appending to an existing array variable using the compound assignment
+ syntax (var+=(aaa)) should not affect assignments to existing subscripts
+ appearing in the compound assignment.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when a variable with a
+ null value was passed in the temporary environment and the variable's
+ attributes are modified using `declare' while performing a redirection.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug in printf so that a missing precision specifier after a `.'
+ is treated as 0.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that attempted to use the internal command timing to time
+ pipeline components if the pipeline elements are separated by newlines.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -al foo=(ONE TWO THREE)' to not lowercase
+ the values on assignment.
+
+qqq. Bash does a better job of determining whether or not files are executable
+ when running on Windows, since the X_OK flag to access(2) is not supported.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that caused some of the shell's internal traps (e.g., ERR) to
+ be interrupted (and leave incorrect state) by pending SIGINTs.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug in the bash interface to history expansion to avoid attempting
+ expansion if the history expansion character occurs in a command
+ substitution.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the select command to crash if the REPLY variable
+ ends up empty (e.g., if it's made readonly)
+
+uuu. Bash handles backslash-quoting of multibyte characters better when quoting
+ output that is intended to be reused.
+
+vvv. System-specific changes for: Windows, Cygwin.
+
+www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have
+ characters whose upper and lowercase versions have different numbers of
+ bytes.
+
+xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the
+ wrong value for $LINENO.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~
+ operator when an open brace appears without a close brace.
+
+zzz. Fixed a bug in the array unset operation that caused it to attempt to
+ parse embedded single and double quotes.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug that caused $* to not expand with the first character of
+ $IFS as a separator in a context where word splitting will not take
+ place.
+
+bbbb. Fixed two bugs that could cause the shell to dereference a null pointer
+ while attempting to print an error message from arithmetic expansion.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug that resulted in short-circuited evaluation when reading
+ commands from a string ending in an unquoted backslash, or when sourcing
+ a file that ends with an unquoted backslash.
+
+dddd. Fixed a bug that resulted in the no-fork optimization not cleaning up
+ any FIFOs created by process substitution.
+
+eeee. If the -T option is not set, allow the source builtin and shell functions
+ to set a DEBUG trap that persists after the sourced file or function
+ returns, instead of restoring the old (unset) value unconditionally.
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to not be undone on some syntax
+ errors, e.g., when parsing a command substitution.
+
+gggg. Bash only adds asynchronous commands to the table of background pids
+ whose status it remembers, to avoid it growing too large during scripts
+ that create and reap large numbers of child processes. This means that
+ `wait' no longer works on synchronous jobs, but $? can be used to get
+ the exit status in those cases.
+
+hhhh. Bash now checks whether or not a shell script argument is a directory
+ before trying to open it; Posix says implementations may allow open(2)
+ on a directory.
+
+iiii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to set the terminal's process
+ group to a background process group when running as part of a pipeline.
+
+jjjj. Made a few changes to strings to avoid possible potential negative effects
+ caused by malicious translations.
+
+kkkk. Fixed a bug that caused the `unset' builtin to continue to treat its
+ arguments as functions after unsetting a function when invoked with no
+ options.
+
+llll. Fixed a bug that would not replace empty strings using pattern
+ substitution even if the pattern matched the empty string.
+
+mmmm. Fixed a bug with word completion that prevented some characters from
+ being backslash-quoted (backquote, dollar sign).
+
+nnnn. Fixed a bug that prevented a command from the history re-executed by the
+ `fc' builtin from setting verbose mode.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not enable and disable function
+ tracing with changes to the `extdebug' shell option.
+
+pppp. Fixed a bug that caused assignments to nameref variables pointing to
+ unset variables with attributes but no values to create variables with
+ incorrect names.
+
+qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on nameref variables (without -n) to
+ unset the wrong variable under certain circumstances.
+
+rrrr. Fixed a bug that caused close braces occurring in brace expansions within
+ command substitutions to incorrectly terminate parameter expansions.
+
+ssss. Fixed a bug that caused `command -p' to temporarily alter $PATH.
+
+tttt. Fixed a bug that caused interactive shells compiled without job control
+ to return incorrect status values for child processes when running a
+ single command that creates enough children to use the entire PID space.
+
+uuuu. `esac' should not be recognized as a reserved word when it appears as the
+ second or later pattern in a case statement pattern list.
+
+vvvv. Fixed a bug that caused the completion code to read past the end of the
+ readline line buffer while skipping assignment statements to find the
+ command name.
+
+wwww. Fixed a bug that caused case statements within loops contained in a
+ command substitution to be parsed incorrectly.
+
+xxxx. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD handling to be delayed after
+ running `wait' with no arguments and interrupting it with ^C without
+ a trap handler installed.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. A bug that caused vi-mode `.' to be unable to redo `c', `d', and `y'
+ commands with modifiers was fixed.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused callback mode to dump core when reading a
+ multiple-key sequence (e.g., arrow keys).
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the redisplay code to erase some of the line when
+ using horizontal scrolling with incremental search.
+
+d. Readline's input handler now performs signal processing if read(2) is
+ interrupted by SIGALRM or SIGVTALRM.
+
+e. Fixed a problem with revert-all-at-newline freeing freed memory.
+
+f. Clarified the documentation for the history_quotes_inhibit_expansion
+ variable to note that it inhibits scanning for the history comment
+ character and that it only affects double-quoted strings.
+
+g. Fixed an off-by-one error in the prompt printed when performing searches.
+
+h. Use pselect(2), if available, to wait for input before calling read(2), so
+ a SIGWINCH can interrupt it, since it doesn't interrupt read(2).
+
+i. Some memory leaks caused by signals interrupting filename completion have
+ been fixed.
+
+j. Reading EOF twice on a non-empty line causes EOF to be returned, rather
+ than the partial line. This can cause partial lines to be executed on
+ SIGHUP, for example.
+
+k. Fixed a bug concerning deleting multibyte characters from the search
+ string while performing an incremental search.
+
+l. Fixed a bug with tilde expanding directory names in filename completion.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that did not allow binding sequences beginning with a `\'.
+
+n. Fixed a redisplay bug involving incorrect line wrapping when the prompt
+ contains a multibyte character in the last screen column.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are
+ documented to delimit a history event specifier without requiring `:'.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading
+ the value when binding the set of isearch terminators.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which
+ key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are
+ prefixes of other key bindings.
+
+r. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is now a settable configuration #define that will cause the shell
+ to exit if the shell is running setuid without the -p option and setuid
+ to the real uid fails.
+
+b. Command and process substitutions now turn off the `-v' option when
+ executing, as other shells seem to do.
+
+c. The default value for the `checkhash' shell option may now be set at
+ compile time with a #define.
+
+d. The `mapfile' builtin now has a -d option to use an arbitrary character
+ as the record delimiter, and a -t option to strip the delimiter as
+ supplied with -d.
+
+e. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `eval' is now settable in
+ config-top.h; the default is no limit.
+
+f. The `-p' option to declare and similar builtins will display attributes for
+ named variables even when those variables have not been assigned values
+ (which are technically unset).
+
+g. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `source' is now settable
+ in config-top.h; the default is no limit.
+
+h. All builtin commands recognize the `--help' option and print a usage
+ summary.
+
+i. Bash does not allow function names containing `/' and `=' to be exported.
+
+j. The `ulimit' builtin has new -k (kqueues) and -P (pseudoterminals) options.
+
+k. The shell now allows `time ; othercommand' to time null commands.
+
+l. There is a new `--enable-function-import' configuration option to allow
+ importing shell functions from the environment; import is enabled by
+ default.
+
+m. `printf -v var ""' will now set `var' to the empty string, as if `var=""'
+ had been executed.
+
+n. GLOBIGNORE, the pattern substitution word expansion, and programmable
+ completion match filtering now honor the value of the `nocasematch' option.
+
+o. There is a new ${parameter@spec} family of operators to transform the
+ value of `parameter'.
+
+p. Bash no longer attempts to perform compound assignment if a variable on the
+ rhs of an assignment statement argument to `declare' has the form of a
+ compound assignment (e.g., w='(word)' ; declare foo=$w); compound
+ assignments are accepted if the variable was already declared as an array,
+ but with a warning.
+
+q. The declare builtin no longer displays array variables using the compound
+ assignment syntax with quotes; that will generate warnings when re-used as
+ input, and isn't necessary.
+
+r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if
+ it's not necessary.
+
+s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save
+ the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at
+ function return.
+
+t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces
+ readline to not sort the completion matches.
+
+u. Bash now allows waiting for the most recent process substitution, since it
+ appears as $!.
+
+v. The `unset' builtin now unsets a scalar variable if it is subscripted with
+ a `0', analogous to the ${var[0]} expansion.
+
+w. `set -i' is no longer valid, as in other shells.
+
+x. BASH_SUBSHELL is now updated for process substitution and group commands
+ in pipelines, and is available with the same value when running any exit
+ trap.
+
+y. Bash now checks $INSIDE_EMACS as well as $EMACS when deciding whether or
+ not bash is being run in a GNU Emacs shell window.
+
+z. Bash now treats SIGINT received when running a non-builtin command in a
+ loop the way it has traditionally treated running a builtin command:
+ running any trap handler and breaking out of the loop.
+
+aa. New variable: EXECIGNORE; a colon-separate list of patterns that will
+ cause matching filenames to be ignored when searching for commands.
+
+bb. Aliases whose value ends in a shell metacharacter now expand in a way to
+ allow them to be `pasted' to the next token, which can potentially change
+ the meaning of a command (e.g., turning `&' into `&&').
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechansim as
+ the history writing code, and restores the old version of the history file
+ on error. The error recovery mechanism handles symlinked history files.
+
+b. There is a new bindable variable, `enable-bracketed-paste', which enables
+ support for a terminal's bracketed paste mode.
+
+c. The editing mode indicators can now be strings and are user-settable
+ (new `emacs-mode-string', `vi-cmd-mode-string' and `vi-ins-mode-string'
+ variables). Mode strings can contain invisible character sequences.
+ Setting mode strings to null strings restores the defaults.
+
+d. Prompt expansion adds the mode string to the last line of a multi-line
+ prompt (one with embedded newlines).
+
+e. There is a new bindable variable, `colored-completion-prefix', which, if
+ set, causes the common prefix of a set of possible completions to be
+ displayed in color.
+
+f. There is a new bindable command `vi-yank-pop', a vi-mode version of emacs-
+ mode yank-pop.
+
+g. The redisplay code underwent several efficiency improvements for multibyte
+ locales.
+
+h. The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead
+ that maps to self-insert, as long as it is coming from the terminal.
+
+i. rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and
+ unset any state set by readline's callback mode. Intended to be used
+ after a signal.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, and
+the previous version, bash-4.3-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Only Posix-mode shells should exit on an assignment failure in the
+ temporary environment preceding a special builtin. This is how it's been
+ documented.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused a failed special builtin to not exit a posix-mode
+ shell if the failing builtin was on the LHS of a && or ||.
+
+c. Changed the handling of unquoted backslashes in regular expressions to be
+ closer to bash-4.2.
+
+d. globstar (**) no longer traverses symbolic links that resolve to
+ directories. This eliminates some duplicate entries.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGCHLD trap handler to not be able to change the
+ SIGCHLD disposition.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when -x was enabled and a command
+ contained a printable multibyte (wide) character.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled
+ to read invalid data after receiving a SIGINT.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused command word completion to fail if the directory in
+ $PATH where the completion would be found contained single or double quotes.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in $()
+ multiple times.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused `undo' to reference freed memory or null pointers.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The [[ -v ]] option now understands array references (foo[1]) and returns
+ success if the referenced element has a value.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible.
+
+b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable
+ without a value.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with
+ embedded newlines containing `.' commands.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in
+ `for' commands to have the wrong line number.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an
+ interactive shell with job control enabled.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in
+ asynchronous subshell commands.
+
+i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid
+ shell identifier (variable name or array reference).
+
+j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the
+ -i/-l/-u/-c attributes.
+
+k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref
+ variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain.
+
+l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent
+ SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions
+ to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements.
+
+n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers
+ for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively
+ (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing).
+
+o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the
+ [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more
+ consistent behavior.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to
+ expand an empty history entry.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all
+ color processing but leave color enabled.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing
+ invisible characters on multiple lines.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to
+ be discarded.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the
+ library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-beta2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if
+ the `direxpand' option was not enabled.
+
+b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells
+ running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells
+ created to run process substitutions.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR
+ to be set in order to actually change the current text domain.
+
+e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target
+ of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13).
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on
+ systems that support O_XATTR.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative
+ subscript to result in a segmentation fault.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative
+ subscript to use the incorrect index.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid
+ extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition
+ cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory.
+
+e. Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command
+ name and completes the command.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump
+ core under certain circumstances.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream
+ contains 0xff.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in
+ the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last
+ matching portion.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt
+ to process the key sequence incorrectly.
+
+c. Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through
+ bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails.
+
+b. The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line.
+
+c. Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing
+ slash if the expanded result is a directory.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls
+ whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline
+ modifies only LINES and COLUMNS).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the
+previous version, bash-4.3-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused
+ memory corruption and garbled the results.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting
+ in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion
+ to be treated as quote characters.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to
+ result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be
+ expanded like assignment statements.
+
+d. Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables
+ with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to
+ a shell function.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process
+ substitutions even in an arithmetic context.
+
+f. Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes
+ but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the
+ last element to not run the EXIT trap.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in
+ certain cases.
+
+i. Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only
+ disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global
+ scope.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively,
+ corrupting internal data structures.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were
+ not enabled.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable
+ assignments when operator precedence prohibited them.
+
+m. Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function
+ definition.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin
+ file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the
+ parent's value as well.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last
+ vi-mode command to the wrong value.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly
+ when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment.
+
+c. Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command
+ entered on a previous line (command).
+
+d. Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted
+ by a signal.
+
+e. Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the
+ terminal has been successfully initialized.
+
+f. Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it
+ receives a SIGWINCH.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of-
+ bounds array reference if the history list is empty.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT.
+
+b. There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option
+ by default.
+
+c. The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before
+ trying to read any input.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename
+ generation (globbing) patterns.
+
+b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running
+ in Posix mode.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word
+ expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing
+ the TZ enviroment variable.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo
+ word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@.
+
+f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while
+ waiting for a child process to exit.
+
+g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a
+ signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still
+ be responsive to terminating signals.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename
+ to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer
+ than 128 bytes.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted
+ command substitution.
+
+k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X
+
+l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated
+ with the wrong part of the command.
+
+m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a
+ coproc terminates.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of
+ the last history entry.
+
+o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and
+ `test -x'.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing
+ control-A.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf'
+ builtin got a write error.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing
+ multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa).
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line
+ process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings.
+
+t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the
+ memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the
+ break and give memory back to the kernel.
+
+u. There are changes to the expansions peformed on compound array assignments,
+ in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to
+ foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz.
+
+v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an
+ existing associative array.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable
+ in an arithmetic expression to not return failure.
+
+x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when
+ the cursor was before the first word in the command.
+
+y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the
+ parsing state associated with the complete input line.
+
+z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths
+ and floating point.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer
+ corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes.
+
+bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts
+ where evaluation is suppressed.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution
+ too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using
+ all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops.
+
+dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for
+ use in error messages.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly
+ at the end of the history list.
+
+ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine
+ here documents into one line.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a
+ Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when
+ using `history -s'.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors
+ for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for
+ loop inside a command substitution.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was
+ called without the -f or -v option.
+
+ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular
+ expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator
+ to the [[ command.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor
+ limit was set to a value less than 10.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal
+ handler context if read timed out.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files
+ beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the
+ pattern.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not
+ work when used with `bind -x'.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source
+ file names in BASH_SOURCE.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables
+ when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while
+ running the script.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the
+ %b format code.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was
+ active and the shell exited on a substitution error.
+
+vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with
+ the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by
+ an assignment (declare a[n]=b).
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified
+ for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t.
+
+xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character
+ values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'.
+
+yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames,
+ making them subject to later expansion.
+
+zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the
+ replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that
+ string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so
+ it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2.
+
+aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a
+ signal handler context.
+
+bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in
+ double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string.
+
+ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number
+ generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number
+ sequence.
+
+ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global
+ variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays.
+
+eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to
+ cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions.
+
+fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file
+ descriptor used to read the script.
+
+ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the
+ expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables
+ that expand to nothing.
+
+hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an
+ assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable.
+
+iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences
+ and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t.
+
+jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared
+ next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}").
+
+kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion.
+
+lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound
+ assignments when they were added to the history list.
+
+mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input.
+
+nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized
+ values.
+
+ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the
+ history comment character is unset.
+
+ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with
+ multibyte characters.
+
+qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command
+ to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted
+ string.
+
+rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status
+ for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly.
+
+sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT
+ trap defined in the body of the command.
+
+ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly.
+
+uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped
+ IFS whitespace character.
+
+vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when
+ executing a (...) subshell.
+
+www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic
+ evaluation.
+
+xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading
+ the `do' keyword followed by whitespace.
+
+yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the
+ printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3).
+
+zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the
+ translated text contained multibyte characters.
+
+aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was
+ followed by a negated extended glob pattern.
+
+bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that
+ caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell
+ variables were initialized.
+
+cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells
+ was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS.
+
+dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell
+ functions run from an EXIT trap.
+
+eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process
+ substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child).
+
+ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*)
+ within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string.
+
+gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's
+ executed once per exited child.
+
+hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that
+ had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are
+ not set.
+
+iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in
+ the local temporary environment when performing word expansions.
+
+jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null
+ filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname.
+
+kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to
+ be inverted using `!'.
+
+llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e'
+ even when executing in a context where -e is ignored.
+
+mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX.
+
+nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command
+ substitutions when they appear in failed redirections.
+
+oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if
+ the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using.
+
+pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value}
+ when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects.
+
+qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a
+ builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell.
+
+rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment
+ and is used in redirections.
+
+ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify
+ how preceding expansions were split.
+
+tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set.
+
+uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to
+ import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now
+ print a warning.
+
+vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2)
+ on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was
+ installed with the SA_RESTART flag.
+
+wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}.
+
+xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by
+ SIGINT.
+
+yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the
+ pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string.
+
+zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create
+ local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS.
+
+aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of
+ interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the
+ handler from SIG_DFL.
+
+bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor
+ n closed if executed with a builtin command.
+
+ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a
+ word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set.
+
+ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a
+ tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to
+ tilde expansion.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode
+ commands to work on the entire line.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128
+ characters and history searches.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea
+ of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration
+ of an individual call top readline().
+
+e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's
+ redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
+ a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search.
+
+g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler
+ context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when
+ reading an unbound multi-character key sequence.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond
+ the bounds of a single call to readline().
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R'
+ command in vi mode.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in
+ readline using the wrong match.
+
+l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode.
+
+m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix
+ work together.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone
+ in vi editing mode.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare
+ multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping
+ comparisons.
+
+p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there
+ is no terminal input available.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence
+ where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform
+ the macro replacement.
+
+r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts
+ containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite
+ existing characters using multibyte characters.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just
+ the shell builtins.
+
+b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read'
+ does not match `readonly'.
+
+c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that
+ terminate due to SIGTERM.
+
+d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set
+ LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits.
+
+e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on,
+ forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they
+ were run in the C locale.
+
+f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion
+ expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did.
+
+g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a
+ builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.
+
+h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments.
+
+i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a
+ shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word
+ as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names
+ when performing command completion.
+
+j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function
+ with the same name as a Posix special builtin.
+
+k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled
+ by default.
+
+l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when
+ followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string.
+
+m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote'
+ option to inhibit quoting of the completions.
+
+n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be
+ unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list).
+
+o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size
+ to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated
+ to zero size).
+
+p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input.
+
+q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix
+ commands.
+
+r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After
+ running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any
+ partially-read input.
+
+s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements
+ before looking for the command name word to be completed.
+
+t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files
+ that better reflects the current set of compilation options.
+
+u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond
+ timestamp resolution.
+
+v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is
+ enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells.
+
+w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and
+ unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them.
+
+x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of
+ indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which
+ count back from the last element of the array.
+
+y. The {x}<word redirection feature now allows words like {array[ind]} and
+ can use variables with special meanings to the shell (e.g., BASH_XTRACEFD).
+
+z. There is a new CHILD_MAX special shell variable; its value controls the
+ number of exited child statuses the shell remembers.
+
+aa. There is a new configuration option (--enable-direxpand-default) that
+ causes the `direxpand' shell option to be enabled by default.
+
+bb. Bash does not do anything special to ensure that the file descriptor
+ assigned to X in {x}<foo remains open after the block containing it
+ completes.
+
+cc. The `wait' builtin has a new `-n' option to wait for the next child to
+ change status.
+
+dd. The `printf' %(...)T format specifier now uses the current time if no
+ argument is supplied.
+
+ee. There is a new variable, BASH_COMPAT, that controls the current shell
+ compatibility level.
+
+ff. The `popd' builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.
+
+gg. The brace expansion code now treats a failed sequence expansion as a
+ simple string and will continue to expand brace terms in the remainder
+ of the word.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Readline is now more responsive to SIGHUP and other fatal signals when
+ reading input from the terminal or performing word completion but no
+ longer attempts to run any not-allowable functions from a signal handler
+ context.
+
+b. There are new bindable commands to search the history for the string of
+ characters between the beginning of the line and the point
+ (history-substring-search-forward, history-substring-search-backward)
+
+c. Readline allows quoted strings as the values of variables when setting
+ them with `set'. As a side effect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored
+ when setting a string variable's value.
+
+d. The history library creates a backup of the history file when writing it
+ and restores the backup on a write error.
+
+e. New application-settable variable: rl_filename_stat_hook: a function called
+ with a filename before using it in a call to stat(2). Bash uses it to
+ expand shell variables so things like $HOME/Downloads have a slash
+ appended.
+
+f. New bindable function `print-last-kbd-macro', prints the most-recently-
+ defined keyboard macro in a reusable format.
+
+g. New user-settable variable `colored-stats', enables use of colored text
+ to denote file types when displaying possible completions (colored analog
+ of visible-stats).
+
+h. New user-settable variable `keyseq-timout', acts as an inter-character
+ timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.
+
+i. New application-callable function: rl_clear_history. Clears the history list
+ and frees all readline-associated private data.
+
+j. New user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the
+ beginning of the prompt indicating the current editing mode.
+
+k. New application-settable variable: rl_input_available_hook; function to be
+ called when readline needs to check whether there is data available on its
+ input source. The default hook checks rl_instream.
+
+l. Readline calls an application-set event hook (rl_signal_event_hook) after
+ it gets a signal while reading input (read returns -1/EINTR but readline
+ does not handle the signal immediately) to allow the application to handle
+ or otherwise note it. Not currently called for SIGHUP or SIGTERM.
+
+m. If the user-settable variable `history-size' is set to a value less than
+ 0, the history list size is unlimited.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered by a longjmp,
+ resulting in stack corruption.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changes to bash_directory_completion_hook so that it's assigned to the
+ readline rl_directory_rewrite_hook variable, which modifies the directory
+ name passed to opendir without modifying the directory name the user
+ typed.
+
+b. Fixed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctly if
+ the read timed out due to $TMOUT.
+
+c. Fixed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable sequences of random
+ numbers when RANDOM=0.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused some redirection errors to leak file descriptors.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused unary `+' and `-' arithmetic operators to have a
+ higher precedence than unary `!' and `~'.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to affect the exit
+ status ($?) seen by subsequent pipeline commands.
+
+d. A number of cygwin-specific changes to avoid the use of text-mode files
+ and file access, and to make sure that \r is handled correctly.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return failure if an
+ attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return failure if an
+ attempt is made to assign to a readonly variable. Now it returns 2.
+
+h. Fixed the cd and pwd builtins to return failure if PWD is readonly and
+ cannot be assigned to.
+
+i. Added code to check the return value of access(2) on Solaris systems,
+ since it returns success for executable tests (e.g., `test -x') when
+ run by root, even if the file permissions don't allow execution.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused directory names in words to be completed to not
+ be dequoted correctly.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused the \W prompt string escape to not add a closing
+ NULL.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted words that were not subject to
+ word splitting to retained quoted NULLs.
+
+c. Added considerable efficiency speedups when pattern matching in multibyte
+ locales by skipping multibyte character functions where possible.
+
+d. Added considerable speedups to variable expansion when in multibyte locales.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion of $* when there are no positional
+ parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern
+ matching context.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansions preceding regular builtins to
+ not change the shell environment during their execution.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that made an explicit argument of 0 to yank-last-arg behave
+ as if it were a negative argument.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in the parser when processing alias expansions containing
+ quoted newlines.
+
+b. Fixed a memory leak in associative array expansion.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused quoted here-strings to be requoted when printed.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in arithmetic expansion that caused the index in an array
+ expansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances.
+
+e. Fixed several bugs with the expansion and display of variables that have
+ been given attributes but not values and are technically unset.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using filename completion that
+ expands to a filename containing a globbing character.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin
+ when running in Posix mode to not persist after the builtin completed
+ when the special builtin was executed in a shell function without any
+ local variables.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even after
+ `hash command' did not find anything if there was already an existing
+ hashed pathname.
+
+i. Fixed several bugs caused by executing unsafe functions from a signal
+ handler in the cases where a signal handler is executed immediately
+ rather than setting a flag for later execution.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused some internal flag variables to be set
+ incorrectly if `read -t' timed out.
+
+k. Fixed a Posix compatibility issue by making sure that a backslash escaping
+ a `}' within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion is removed as part
+ of the parameter expansion.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused execution of a trap to overwrite PIPESTATUS.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused here documents to not be displayed correctly
+ when attached to commands inside compound commands.
+
+n. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to use the wrong precision
+ when using the `*' modifier.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused an arriving SIGCHLD to interrupt output functions
+ like those invoked by echo or printf.
+
+p. Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess(2) when test is
+ checking filenames for execution permission.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command
+ history in certain cases.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
+ unsetting element 0 of an associative array after it was assigned
+ implicitly.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core if using the `v'
+ vi editing command on a multi-line command.
+
+t. Fixed a bug that left FIFOs opened by process substitutions open long
+ enough to potentially cause file descriptor exhaustion when running a
+ shell function or shell builtin.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused the history expansion functions to not recognize
+ process substitution or extended glob patterns as single words.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command's
+ exit status incorrectly.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set of filenames when
+ completing a command using the `complete-filename' readline command.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused a -PID argument following a -s sig or -n sig to
+ not be interpreted as a signal specification.
+
+y. Changed posix-mode behavior of a parse error in a `.' script or `eval'
+ command to exit the shell under Posix-specified conditions. Previous
+ versions printed a warning.
+
+z. Fixed a bug in \W prompt expansion that resulted in incorrect expansion
+ in the event of overlapping strings.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused the := parameter expansion operator to return the
+ wrong value as the result of the expansion.
+
+bb. When in Posix mode, a single quote is not treated specially in a
+ double-quoted ${...} expansion, unless the expansion operator is
+ # or % or the non-Posix `//', `^', and `,'. In particular, it does
+ not define a new quoting context. This is from Posix interpretation 221.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed program names containing slashes
+ to be entered into the command hash table.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectly compute the
+ display width of the arguments in the presence of multibyte characters.
+
+ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not change the xtrace file descriptor if
+ BASH_XTRACEFD was found in the shell environment at startup.
+
+ff. Fixed a memory leak in the pattern removal parameter expansion.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to fail to interrupt a nested loop if the
+ loop was in a pipeline.
+
+hh. Fixed a problem in $(...) parsing that caused the parser to add an extra
+ space to a here-document delimiter if the first word contained a `/'.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused functions defined with the `function' reserved
+ word to require braces around the function body.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable expansion being
+ used as an array subscript failed.
+
+kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to dump core if the case-modification
+ expansions were used on a variable with a null value.
+
+ll. Fixed a bug that caused partially-quoted strings to be split incorrectly
+ if a variable with a null value was expanded within double quotes.
+
+mm. The pattern substitution word expansion has been sped up dramatically
+ when running in a locale with multibyte characters.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused history -a to not write the correct lines to
+ the history file if all the new lines in the history list were added
+ since the last time the history file was read or written.
+
+oo. Fixed a bug that caused completion of a word with an unclosed `` command
+ substitution to set the prompt incorrectly.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns in $HISTIGNORE or
+ $GLOBIGNORE to be incorrectly scanned.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug caused by closing file descriptors 3-20 on shell startup. The
+ shell now sets them to close-on-exec.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status of `exec file' to be set incorrectly
+ if `file' was a directory.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug in the `.' builtin to make a non-interactive posix-mode shell
+ exit if the file argument to `.' is not found. Prefixing exec with
+ `command' makes the shell not exit. Posix requires this behavior.
+
+tt. Fixed a bug that caused `sh -c 'command exec; exit 1' to hang.
+
+uu. Fixed a bug in $(...) command substitution parsing that caused the shell
+ to treat backslash-newline incorrectly when parsing a comment.
+
+vv. Fixed bug that caused brace expansion sequence generation to misbehave
+ when supplied integers greater than 2**31 - 1.
+
+ww. Fixed a bug that caused failure to save file descriptors for redirections
+ to corrupt shell file descriptors.
+
+xx. Fixed a bug that caused bash-forward-shellword to not correctly handle
+ quoted strings.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused the unconverted filename to be added to the list of
+ completions when the application specified filename conversion functions.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong filename to be passed to opendir when the
+ application has specified a filename dequoting function.
+
+c. Fixed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where
+ there was no search to repeat.
+
+d. When show-all-if-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert
+ a common match prefix that is shorter than the text being completed.
+
+e. The full set of vi editing commands may now be used in callback mode.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea of the terminal
+ dimensions while running in `no-echo' mode.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to dump core if an application called
+ rl_prep_terminal without setting rl_instream.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused meta-prefixed characters bound to incremental
+ search forward or backward to not be recognized if they were typed
+ subsequently.
+
+j. The incremental search code treats key sequences that map to the same
+ functions as (default) ^G, ^W, and ^Y as equivalent to those characters.
+
+k. Fixed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large
+ negative argument.
+
+l. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode yank-last-arg to ring the bell when invoked
+ at the end of the line.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `exec -a foo' now sets $0 to `foo' in an executable shell script without a
+ leading #!.
+
+b. Subshells begun to execute command substitutions or run shell functions or
+ builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is
+ specified. This allows $(trap) to display the caller's traps and the
+ trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.
+
+c. `trap -p' will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their
+ disposition still cannot be modified.
+
+d. $'...', echo, and printf understand \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX escape sequences.
+
+e. declare/typeset has a new `-g' option, which creates variables in the
+ global scope even when run in a shell function.
+
+f. test/[/[[ have a new -v variable unary operator, which returns success if
+ `variable' has been set.
+
+g. Posix parsing changes to allow `! time command' and multiple consecutive
+ instances of `!' (which toggle) and `time' (which have no cumulative
+ effect).
+
+h. Posix change to allow `time' as a command by itself to print the elapsed
+ user, system, and real times for the shell and its children.
+
+j. $((...)) is always parsed as an arithmetic expansion first, instead of as
+ a potential nested command substitution, as Posix requires.
+
+k. A new FUNCNEST variable to allow the user to control the maximum shell
+ function nesting (recursive execution) level.
+
+l. The mapfile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callback command:
+ the line about to be assigned to the supplied array index.
+
+m. The printf builtin has a new %(fmt)T specifier, which allows time values
+ to use strftime-like formatting.
+
+n. There is a new `compat41' shell option.
+
+o. The cd builtin has a new Posix-mandated `-e' option.
+
+p. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays, previously errors, now are treated
+ as offsets from the maximum assigned index + 1.
+
+q. Negative length specifications in the ${var:offset:length} expansion,
+ previously errors, are now treated as offsets from the end of the variable.
+
+r. Parsing change to allow `time -p --'.
+
+s. Posix-mode parsing change to not recognize `time' as a keyword if the
+ following token begins with a `-'. This means no more Posix-mode
+ `time -p'. Posix interpretation 267.
+
+t. There is a new `lastpipe' shell option that runs the last command of a
+ pipeline in the current shell context. The lastpipe option has no
+ effect if job control is enabled.
+
+u. History expansion no longer expands the `$!' variable expansion.
+
+v. Posix mode shells no longer exit if a variable assignment error occurs
+ with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin.
+
+w. Non-interactive mode shells exit if -u is enabled and an attempt is made
+ to use an unset variable with the % or # expansions, the `//', `^', or
+ `,' expansions, or the parameter length expansion.
+
+x. Posix-mode shells use the argument passed to `.' as-is if a $PATH search
+ fails, effectively searching the current directory. Posix-2008 change.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The history library does not try to write the history filename in the
+ current directory if $HOME is unset. This closes a potential security
+ problem if the application does not specify a history filename.
+
+b. New bindable variable `completion-display-width' to set the number of
+ columns used when displaying completions.
+
+c. New bindable variable `completion-case-map' to cause case-insensitive
+ completion to treat `-' and `_' as identical.
+
+d. There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline's case-
+ insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separately.
+
+e. New bindable variable `menu-complete-display-prefix' causes the menu
+ completion code to display the common prefix of the possible completions
+ before cycling through the list, instead of after.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it
+ encountered an error while converting an integer argument.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not
+ turn off the others.
+
+c. The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not
+ correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances.
+
+e. Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf.
+
+f. Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing
+ a file in an interactive shell.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories
+ to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not
+ react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,
+and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the
+ name of an associative array.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if
+ they contained characters in $IFS.
+
+c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using
+ a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4
+ containing a command substitution.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an
+ expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified
+ subshell.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error
+ occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.)
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution
+ completion within a single-quoted string.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during
+ word completion.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment
+ variable EMACS having a null value.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new
+ mail in a `maildir' environment.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending
+ delimiter inside a command substitution.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable
+ was assigned a scalar value.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+ callbacks in the history list.
+
+b. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+c. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+ only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-release.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained
+ in command substitution when the substitution is read.
+
+b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable
+ completion using a shell function.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong
+ time.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the
+ `exit' builtin.
+
+e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative
+ array assignments and expansions.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to
+ be converted to an indexed array.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set
+ $? to a value > 128.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process
+ substitution inside shell functions.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the
+ `read' builtin timed out.
+
+j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the
+ expanded terms.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when
+ used with a simple command with additional redirections.
+
+l. Fixed a bug with the case statment ;& terminator that caused the shell to
+ dereference a NULL pointer.
+
+m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding
+ a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion.
+
+n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation:
+ every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the
+ shell to exit.
+
+o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word
+ expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty.
+
+p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they
+ execute.
+
+q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in
+ the `fc' builtin.
+
+r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell
+ quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV)
+ multiple times.
+
+s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the
+ history list when reading here documents.
+
+t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed
+ array access.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when
+ completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a
+ pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion.
+
+w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names
+ and the contents of the current directory to be omitted.
+
+x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an
+ unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.
+
+y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap
+ while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline
+ state, occasionally causing it to hang.
+
+z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it
+ encountered an unsearchable directory.
+
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the
+ path set by the -p option.
+
+bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some
+ compound array assignments.
+
+cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to
+ READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline.
+
+dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed
+ during a shell assignment statement.
+
+ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional
+ parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion.
+
+ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion
+ functions that could leave it set to -1.
+
+gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where
+ `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit.
+
+hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the
+ completion function in which compopt was executed.
+
+ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared
+ when HOSTNAME was unset.
+
+jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in
+ any temporary environment.
+
+kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and
+ decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms,
+ respectively). This affects filename completion (using new
+ rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay.
+
+ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser
+ error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit.
+
+mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to
+ not contain the correct number of digits.
+
+nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
+ unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned
+ to index "0".
+
+oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion.
+
+pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors.
+
+qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters
+ when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion.
+
+rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every
+ directory, not just those matching `path'.
+
+ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without
+ arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if
+ one arrives while in the middle of redisplay.
+
+b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater
+ than one second are handled better.
+
+c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt
+ containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen.
+
+d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal
+ scroll mode.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing
+ filenames.
+
+f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to
+ wrap.
+
+g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be
+ recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters
+ was bound.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...'
+ single-quoted strings.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained
+ multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and
+ \].
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after
+ encountering a multibyte character.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+ delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+ system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+ shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+ processes.
+
+d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+ reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+ executes.
+
+e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+ completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+ a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+ defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+ attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+ as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+ install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+ after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+ are presented first.
+
+j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+ ERR trap.
+
+k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+ to parse commands.
+
+l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+ forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+ child processes.
+
+n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
+ enabled by default.
+
+o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+ output to that file descriptor.
+
+p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+ shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+ descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+ comparison according to the current locale.
+
+r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+ when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+ the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+ received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+ characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+4. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
+ and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
+ when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
+ historical vi behaves.
+
+d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to
+ consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
+ to bind all keys.
+
+e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used
+ to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
+ compared to the word to be completed.
+
+f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
+ middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
+ that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
+ than inserted into the line.
+
+g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+ "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the
+ tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
+ to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline
+ sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
+ that enables eight-bit characters.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
+
+1. Changes to Bash
+
+a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
+ strerror error text if the call changes errno.
+
+b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
+ trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
+
+c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
+ individual words within a variable's value.
+
+d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
+ interactive shell.
+
+e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
+ read.
+
+f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
+ shell.
+
+g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
+
+h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
+ in the format string on 64-bit systems.
+
+i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
+ appeared in $IFS.
+
+j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
+ when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
+
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
+ capped at 100%.
+
+l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
+ of Posix shell standardization working group.
+
+m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
+ be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
+ certain circumstances.
+
+2. Changes to Readline
+
+a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
+ history expansion.
+
+b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
+ signal handler.
+
+3. New Features in Bash
+
+a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
-and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
+and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
1. Changes to Bash
and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
respectively.
-cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
and standard error to the named file.
dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / blobdiff