semop.2
mtk
Added BUG: in some circumstances, a process that is
- waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not not woken
+ waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not woken
up when the value does actually reach zero.
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Ludovic Courtes <ludovic.courtes@laas.fr>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Norbert Buchmuller <norbi.spam@nix.hu>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Ramiro Aceves <ea1abz@gmail.com>
frexp.3
Volker Reichelt / mtk
- Fixed to point out that that frexp() returns a number whose
+ Fixed to point out that frexp() returns a number whose
*absolute* value is >= 0.5 and < 1. Amended the example
program to demonstrate this.
Hasso Tepper <hasso@estpak.ee>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
Steve Beattie <sbeattie@suse.de>
Helmut Grohne <helmut@subdivi.de>
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>
-Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Various formatting problems found as a result of reviewing the
following command were fixed.
- for a in $(wc man?/*.?| awk '$1 > 2 ' | grep -v total); do
+ for a in $(wc -l man?/*.?| awk '$1 > 2 {print $2}' | grep -v total); do
echo $a; groff -Tascii -wmac -mman $a > /dev/null;
done 2>&1 | less
---------------------------
ldd.1
- Ville Skyttä
+ Ville Skyttä
Document "-u" option.
chdir.2
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Chuck Ebbert <76306.1226@compuserve.com>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
-Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
+Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Julien Blache <jblache@debian.org>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
-Martín Ferrari <martin.ferrari@gmail.com>
+Martín Ferrari <martin.ferrari@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Nick Pollitt <npollitt@mvista.com>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
-P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Premysl Hruby <dfenze@gmail.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Fixed consecutive duplicate word typos on a number of pages.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
-places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François!)
+places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François!)
Changes to individual pages
32-bit system is actually EFBIG, not EOVERFLOW.
posix_fadvise.2
- Pádraig Brady
+ Pádraig Brady
Fix RETURN VALUE description: returns error number of failure.
rename.2
Small rewording of explanation of "atomically".
signal.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix incorrect argument name in DESCRIPTION.
mtk
Small wording improvement.
socket.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Add reference to ipv6.7 page.
socketcall.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
splice.2
Small wording clarification.
symlink.2
- mtk / Nicolas François
+ mtk / Nicolas François
Removed cryptic text under CONFORMING to referring to
"open(2) and NFS". There is no relevant text in open.2 as
far as I (mtk) can see.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=352139
glob.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix PROTOTYPE.
inet_network.3
Clarified description of inet_network().
log.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
log10.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
malloc.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Small rewording to mention calloc().
posix_openpt.3
- Martín Ferrari
+ Martín Ferrari
Fix return type in SYNOPSIS; as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=400971
Needs _XOPEN_SOURCE == 600; as per
Add "#define _REGEX_RE_COMP" to SYNOPSIS.
regex.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix .TH line.
termios.3
Document _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE.
mdoc.7
- mtk / Nicolas François
+ mtk / Nicolas François
Remove CONFIGURATION section, since this does not seem to be
true for Linux.
svipc.7
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix data types in associated data structures;
remove nonexistent semzcnt and semncnt fields.
Jeff Schroeder <jeffschroeder@computer.org>
Joey (Martin) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
-Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
+Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org>
Serge van den Boom <svdb@stack.nl>
Stefan Puiu <stefanpuiuro@yahoo.com>
Reformatted headings; minor rewrites.
socket.7
- Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
+ Loïc Minier <lool@dooz.org>
Document argument type for SO_REUSEADDR.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=255881
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
Marc Boyer <marc.boyer@enseeiht.fr>
Martin (Joey) Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
-Martin Röhricht <martin@roehricht.info>
+Martin Röhricht <martin@roehricht.info>
Patrick Mansfield <patmans@us.ibm.com>
Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
Changed link to point to uname.2 (instead of obsolete.2).
sched_setaffinity.2
- Martin Röhricht
+ Martin Röhricht
Added _GNU_SOURCE to SYNOPSIS.
semctl.2
Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Ari Entlich <lmage11@twcny.rr.com>
Carsten Emde <Carsten.Emde@osadl.org>
-François Diakhate <diakhate@enseirb.fr>
+François Diakhate <diakhate@enseirb.fr>
Geoff Clare <gclare@gclare.org.uk>
Jon Burgess <jburgess777@googlemail.com>
Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Michael Prokop <mika@grml.org>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Nicolas George <nicolas.george@ens.fr>
Paul Brook <paul@nowt.org>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Order errors under ERRORS alphabetically.
Various pages
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Spelling and formatting fixes, as per
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=439560
mmap.2
mprotect.2
- François Diakhate
+ François Diakhate
Add text noting that PROT_WRITE may (and on x86 does)
imply PROT_READ.
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=441387
Add vsyslog to NAME section.
termios.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix XCASE feature test macro description.
wcsspn.3
man.7
mdoc.7
mdoc.samples.7
- mtk / Nicolas François
+ mtk / Nicolas François
Nowadays tmac.XXX are called XXX.tmac.
pthreads.7
Justin Pryzby <jpryzby+d@quoininc.com>
Maxime Vaudequin <maxime.vaudequin@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
-P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi>
Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Linux 2.6.22 added support on Alpha for PR_SET_UNALIGN.
ptrace.2
- Nicolas François / mtk
+ Nicolas François / mtk
s/PTRACE_POKEUSR/PTRACE_POKEUSER/
s/PTRACE_PEEKUSR/PTRACE_PEEKUSER/
Remove SEE ALSO references to getipnodebyname.3 and
getipnodebyaddr.3.
- Pádraig Brady / mtk / Ulrich Drepper
+ Pádraig Brady / mtk / Ulrich Drepper
Point out that the functions described on this page
are made obsolete by getaddrinfo(3) and getnameinfo(3).
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
-David Härdeman <david@hardeman.nu>
+David Härdeman <david@hardeman.nu>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Luke Browning <lukebr@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Mats Wichmann <mats.d.wichmann@intel.com>
mq_notify.3
makecontext.3
fmemopen.3
- David Härdeman / mtk
+ David Härdeman / mtk
Rename error handling function in example program
(s/die/handle_error/).
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
-P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+P
ádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Various pages
Alain Portal
- Formating fixes.
+ Formatting fixes.
mlock.2
mprotect.2
Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
-Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp>
+Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao <fernando@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Heikki Orsila <shdl@zakalwe.fi>
Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Justin Pryzby <justinpryzby@users.sourceforge.net>
-Lasse Kärkkäinen <tronic@trn.iki.fi>
+Lasse Kärkkäinen <tronic@trn.iki.fi>
Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Ron Burk <ronburk@gmail.com>
Remove some duplicated text.
malloc.3
- Lasse Kärkkäinen / Mike Frysinger / mtk
+ Lasse Kärkkäinen / Mike Frysinger / mtk
Clarify description of realloc() behavior for
((size == 0) && (ptr != NULL)).
s/stdlib.h/fcntl.h/ in SYNOPSIS.
proc.5
- Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao
+ Fernando Luis Vázquez Cao
Update /proc/[number]/cmdline description.
It used to be true that the command line arguments were
not accessible when the process had been swapped out.
Karsten Weiss <K.Weiss@science-computing.de>
Martin Pitt <mpitt@debian.org>
Marty Leisner <leisner@rochester.rr.com>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@trialog.com>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@trialog.com>
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Petter Reinholdtsen <pere@hungry.com>
Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
Reformat kernel version information for flags.
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
-(Special thanks to Nicolas François.)
+(Special thanks to Nicolas François.)
New pages
Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS.
backtrace.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
s/backtrace_symbols/backtrace_symbols_fd/ in one sentence.
mtk
Fix bogus reference to variable 'strings': should be:
initstate_r(3), setkey_r(3), setstate_r(3) are now documented.
utmp.5
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Small rewording.
resolv.conf.5
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
gethostname() is in Section 2, not section 3.
ascii.7
Fix rendering of ' (backtick) and apostrophe (') in tables
charsets.7
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
s/unicode.com/unicode.org/
credentials.7
SEE ALSO: add time(7)
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
-(Special thanks to Nicolas François and Alain Portal.)
+(Special thanks to Nicolas François and Alain Portal.)
Changes to individual pages
CONFIG_PRINTK.
utime.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Clarify description of 'times' array for utimes().
adjtime.3
strerror.3
mtk, after a note from Daniele Giacomini
- Modify SYNOPSIS to show protoypes of both versions of strerror_r(),
+ Modify SYNOPSIS to show prototypes of both versions of strerror_r(),
and make other small clarifications of the description regarding
the two versions.
proc.5
mtk
- The vaious CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat
+ The various CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat
return time in clock ticks (USER_HZ, cputime_to_clock_t(),
sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)).
Updated, clarified and expanded the description several
crypt.3
mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch
Describe additional encryption algorithms.
- See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
+ See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
errno.3
mtk
Suka <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Timothy S. Nelson <wayland@wayland.id.au>
Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
-Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
+Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
-Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
+Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Clarify closedir()'s treatment of underlying file descriptor.
tsearch.3
- André Goddard Rosa
+ André Goddard Rosa
Fix memory leak in example program.
Add use of tdestroy to example program.
mtk
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
-Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
+Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Eugene V. Lyubimkin <jackyf.devel@gmail.com>
Gergely Soos <sogerc1@gmail.com>
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Maxin B. John <maxin.john@ap.sony.com>
Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Pavel Heimlich <tropikhajma@seznam.cz>
-Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com>
+Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
Michael Kerrisk
Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit
Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became
- settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
- compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
- was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
- Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
- of 32 pages is guaranteed.
+ settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
+ compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
+ was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
+ Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
+ of 32 pages is guaranteed.
For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in
- kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
+ kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101,
checked into 2.6.25 as
- commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
+ commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX.
Michael Kerrisk
Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2)
Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a
- wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
- potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
- the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
- syscall() is used.
+ wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
+ potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
+ the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
+ syscall() is used.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface
Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the
low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to
- posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
+ posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
getdents.2
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/linux_dirent/
The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers,
- and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
+ and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
was already used in some, but not all, places in this page).
getrlimit.2
Add EAGAIN error.
move_pages.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Make a detail of EPERM error more precise
mount.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split umount*() out into a separate page
The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult
- to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
- umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
- its own page.
+ to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
+ umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
+ its own page.
pause.2
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/
Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the
- kernel sources.
+ kernel sources.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words "which may change"
These words are slightly bogus: although the interface
- is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
- should never be changing this interface.
+ is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
+ should never be changing this interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove header files from SYNOPSIS
glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2),
that glibc does provide the required pieces).
recv.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Move kernel version number to first mention to MSG_ERRQUEUE.
semop.2
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined
The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals
- and process-wide pending signals.
+ and process-wide pending signals.
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
Make it clear that the POSIX.1 revision that is likely
to affect the feature test macro requirements for futimens()
is POSIX.1-2008.
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Make various wordings a little more precise.
The times argument point to *an array of* structures, and the
man-page should say that consistently.
for example.)
atan2.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix error in description of range or return value
In recent changes to the man page, mtk accidentally changed
the description of the return value range to -pi/2..pi/2;
the correct range is -pi..pi.
cmsg.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Add parentheses after macro names.
ctime.3
Minor rewording of mktime() description.
floor.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
floor.3: Fix error in description: s/smallest/largest/
hsearch.3
- André Goddard Rosa
+ André Goddard Rosa
Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(),
- for the sake of completeness
+ for the sake of completeness
mq_getattr.3
Michael Kerrisk
This info is useful for users of strace(1).
nextafter.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Make description more precise: s/next/largest/
readdir.3
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Olaf van der Spek <olafvdspek@gmail.com>
Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
-Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
+Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Ulrich Mueller <ulm@gentoo.org>
Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
- CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not setabble
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable
According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but
currently they are not.
Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
Jen Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
-Loïc Domaigne <tech@domaigne.com>
+Loïc Domaigne <tech@domaigne.com>
Masanari Iida <masanari.iida@hp.com>
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Global fix: s/mount-point namespace/mount namespace/
This is more consistent with the term "mounts namespace"
used in the 2008 ACM SIGOPS paper, "Virtual servers
- and and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux".
+ and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux".
(I avoided the "s", because using the plural strikes me
as klunky English, and anyway we don't talk about
the "PIDs namespace" or the "networks namespace", etc..)
sched_setaffinity.2
Michael Kerrisk
Add note on system-imposed restrictions on CPUs actually used
- After Loic Domaigne's suggestion for pthread_setaffinity_np(3), add
+ After Loïc Domaigne's suggestion for pthread_setaffinity_np(3), add
similar text to this page noting that the system silently
limits the set of CPUs on which the process actually runs to
the set of CPUs physically present and the limits imposed by
Fix description of range of function value return
The range is not [-pi/2, pi/2], but [-pi, pi].
- (mtk: This error was reported by Nicolas Francois, and
+ (mtk: This error was reported by Nicolas François, and
should have been fixed in 3.11, but somewhere along the way,
the fix got lost.)
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
Michael Kerrisk
- Various fixes after review by Loic Domaigne
- Reviewed-by: Loic Domaigne
+ Various fixes after review by Loïc Domaigne
+ Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne
pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_setaffinity_np.3
pthread_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
Remove text saying that only sched_priority is required by POSIX.1
- Loic Domaigne points out that if a system implements
+ Loïc Domaigne points out that if a system implements
SCHED_SPORADIC (which Linux does not), then other
fields are also specified in sched_param. The simple
solution is just to remove that phrase from the man
Michael Kerrisk
Add text to EINVAL error mentioning cpuset(7)
Michael Kerrisk
- Various improvements after review by Loïc Domaigne
- Various fix-ups after Loïc's review.
+ Various improvements after review by Loïc Domaigne
+ Various fix-ups after Loïc's review.
- Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne
+ Reviewed-by: Loïc Domaigne
pthread_setschedparam.3
Michael Kerrisk
PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is default for inherit scheduler attribute
In EXAMPLE, note that PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for
- the inherit scheduler attribute attribute.
+ the inherit scheduler attribute.
syslog.3
Masanari Iida
added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.)
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point
- In POSIX.1-2009, this function moves from the "must be"
+ In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be"
to the "may be" list.
Michael Kerrisk
Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals
Fix return value description
The correct range for the return value is [-pi/2,pi/2].
(mtk's fix in the last change to the return value text was
- a botch-up of a (correct) suggestion by Nicolas Francois.)
+ a botch-up of a (correct) suggestion by Nicolas François.)
atexit.3
Michael Kerrisk
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
-Adeodato Simó <dato@net.com.org.es>
+Adeodato Simó <dato@net.com.org.es>
Bastien ROUCARIES <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Lefteris Dimitroulakis <edimitro@tee.gr>
Michael Kerrisk
Global fix: s/(3)/(2)/ in section number xrefs for timer_*() API
The POSIX timers API is implemented (mostly) within the kernel,
- so thse interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet
+ so these interfaces are system calls. Although there are as yet
no man pages, when they are added they should be in Section 2,
not 3. Therefore fix those pages that currently refer to these
interfaces as being in Section 3.
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getpmsg(2) and putmsg(2) are unimplemented
- See See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
been incorporated in changes in this release:
Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
-Américo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
+Américo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Carlos O'Donell <carlos@systemhalted.org>
Chunming Chang <cchang@aerohive.com>
---------------------------------------------
proc.5
- Américo Wang
+ Américo Wang
Document /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
Michael Kerrisk
Document /proc/sysrq-trigger
Global fix: acknowledge FSF in copyright
These pages are heavily based on original material in
glibc info pages, but the comments in the source of the pages
- did not acknowledge the FRF copyright on the original material.
+ did not acknowledge the FSF copyright on the original material.
Fix that.
accept.2
Adrian Dewhurst <sailor@sailorfrag.net>
Alexander Lamaison <awl03@doc.ic.ac.uk>
-Bryan Østergaard <kloeri@exherbo.org>
+Bryan Østergaard <kloeri@exherbo.org>
Christopher Head <chead@telus.net>
Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
-Reimar Döffinger <Reimar.Doeffinger@gmx.de>
+Reimar Döffinger <Reimar.Doeffinger@gmx.de>
Ricardo Garcia <rg3.zeluan@gmail.com>
Rui Rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
Shachar Shemesh <shachar@debian.org>
complex.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add missing header file for example program
- Reimar Döffinger
+ Reimar Döffinger
Fix type used in example code
man complex (from release 3.18) contains the following code:
complex z = cexp(I * pi);
Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Siward de Groot <siward@ziggo.nl>
rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
reported by: rui rlex <rui.rlex@gmail.com>
semctl.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Remove some redundant words
setpgid.2
is ssize_t (formerly it was long).
stat.2
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix small bug in example program
Since it is a failure, EXIT_FAILURE looks more appropriate
than EXIT_SUCCESS.
argument name.
posix_fallocate.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix reference to POSIX.1-2008
The sentence mentions twice POSIX.1-2001.
I guess the second one should be POSIX.1-2008.
of errno.
strftime.3
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix error in description: s/Monday/Thursday/
proc.5
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Fix page cross reference
max_user_watches is better explained in epoll(7) than inotify(7).
been "since 2.6.30".
capabilities.7
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Reword a bad sentence in description of capability bounding set.
mq_overview.7
tcp.7
udp.7
- Nicolas François
+ Nicolas François
Replace references to syctl interfaces with /proc
Doug Manley <doug.manley@gmail.com>
Edward Welbourne <eddy@opera.com>
Fang Wenqi <anton.fang@gmail.com>
-Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net>
+Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net>
Garrett Cooper <yaneurabeya@yahoo.com>
Ihar Hrachyshka <ihar.hrachyshka@gmail.com>
Jann Poppinga <jann.poppinga@gmx.de>
Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Andrew Klossner <andrew@cesa.opbu.xerox.com>
-Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
+Andr
é Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Bo Borgerson <gigabo@gmail.com>
Christian Franke <nobody@nowhere.ws>
Daisuke HATAYAMA <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
Major updates
Update the page to consolidate information from the
outdated man-pages quotactl.2 page and the quotactl.2
- page in the "quota-tools" pachage. The page in "quota-tools"
+ page in the "quota-tools" package. The page in "quota-tools"
has now been dropped by Jan Kara, so that there is just one
canonical quotactl.2 page (in pan-pages).
Michael Kerrisk
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add FIONREAD warning.
- Warn that FIONREAD can't can't distinguish case of a zero-length
+ Warn that FIONREAD can't distinguish case of a zero-length
datagram from the case where no datagrams are available.
Jianhua Li <jhlicc@gmail.com>
Linus Nilsson <lajnold@gmail.com>
Lenaic Huard <lenaic.huard@laposte.net>
-mac@mcrowe.com
+Mac <mac@mcrowe.com>
Martin Schulze <joey@infodrom.org>
Maxin John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
been incorporated in changes in this release:
-caishuxian@gmail.com
+caishuxian <caishuxian@gmail.com>
Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Denis Silakov <silakov@ispras.ru>
der Mouse <mouse@rodents-montreal.org>
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that "positive error numbers" are listed in ERRORS
- Reported-by fkater@googlemail.com
rexec.3
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
New link to sigaltstack.2
No new programs should use sigstack(3). Point the user to the
- better sigalstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3).
+ better sigaltstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3).
vlimit.3
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
Roger Pate <roger@qxxy.com>
-Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
+Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
Apologies if I missed anyone!
pthread_sigqueue.3
Michael Kerrisk
- New page documenting ptrhead_sigqueue()
+ New page documenting pthread_sigqueue()
pthread_sigqueue() is new in glibc 2.11 (requires a kernel with
rt_tgsigqueinfo(), added in Linux 2.6.31).
Change "should not overlap" to "must not overlap"
glibc 2.12 changed things so that applications that use memcpy() on
overlapping regions will encounter problems. (The standards have
- long said that the behavious is undefined if the memory areas
+ long said that the behaviors is undefined if the memory areas
overlap.)
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=603144
Reworded the text of various errors
Michael Kerrisk
Added ENOENT error
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.33 ====================
+
+Released: 2011-09-16, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akira Fujita <a-fujita@rs.jp.nec.com>
+Alexander Schuch <Alex.Schuch@gmx.de>
+Andries Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
+Folkert van Heusden <folkert.mobiel@gmail.com>
+Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com>
+Hendrik Jan Thomassen <hjt@atcomputing.nl>
+Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
+Joey Adams <joeyadams3.14159@gmail.com>
+Johannes Laire <johannes@laire.fi>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Konstantin Ritt <ritt.ks@gmail.com>
+Luis Javier Merino <ninjalj@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mikel Ward <mikel@mikelward.com>
+Nick Black <dankamongmen@gmail.com>
+Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>
+Petr Pisar <ppisar@redhat.com>
+Przemyslaw Pawelczyk <przemyslaw@pawelczyk.it>
+Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+Richard B. Kreckel <kreckel@ginac.de>
+Ryan Mullen <rmmullen@gmail.com>
+Sebastian Geiger <sbastig@gmx.net>
+Sebastian Unger <sebunger@gmx.net>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
+Simon Cross <hodgestar@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stan Sieler <sieler@me.com>
+Timmy Lee <scuttimmy@gmail.com>
+Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com>
+Tomislav Jonjic <jonjic@cs.unibo.it>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Wei Luosheng <weiluosheng001@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+sync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Added new syncfs() system call
+ syncfs() was added in Linux 2.6.39.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+syncfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link for sync(2).
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Simon Paillard
+ Global fix: properly escape minus sign
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CLONE_STOPPED was removed in 2.6.38
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Geiger]
+ Note that the first argv[] value should contain name of executable
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ Note that F_GETFL also retrieves file access mode
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Mullen]
+ Remove mention of kernel versions in discussion of RLIMIT_CPU
+ Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
+ Fix example program and add _FILE_OFFSET_BITS requirement
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
+ Clarify EINVAL error
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?625747
+ Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
+ Simplify and correct text for EPERM error
+
+mprotect.2
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix off-by-one error in a memory range
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix small bug in example program
+ The description of the example program says that it makes the
+ third page "read-only". Thus use PROT_READ instead of PROT_NONE.
+
+open.2
+ Folkert van Heusden
+ Remove text describing O_CLOEXEC as Linux-specific
+ O_CLOEXEC is specified in POSIX.1-2008, as noted
+ elsewhere in the page.
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson]
+ SEE ALSO: Add readlink(1)
+
+sendfile.2
+ Akira Fujita
+ Since 2.6.33, 'out_fd' can refer to any file type
+ Linux kernel commit cc56f7de7f00d188c7c4da1e9861581853b9e92f
+ meant sendfile(2) can work with any output file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Shift text on falling back to read()/write() to NOTES
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
+ Remove mention of kernel version for 'in_fd' argument
+ Tolga Dalman
+ Add an explicit reference to splice(2)
+ Unlike sendfile(), splice() can transfer data
+ between a pair of sockets.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
+ Add a little info about ucontext_t
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Small rewording of ENAMETOOLONG error
+
+sync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some rewrites to description of sync()
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Added fanotify_init() and fanotify_mark() to syscall list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Added new 2.6.39 system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Updated for Linux 3.0 system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version at head of syscall list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update to mention 3.x kernel series
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Update for kernel 2.6.37 changes
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict.
+ Document CAP_SYSLOG.
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexander Schuch]
+ NOTES: Fix description of "Seconds since the Epoch"
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Note behavior when timerfd_settime() old_value is NULL
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?641513
+ Tomislav Jonjic
+ Fix small error in description of timerfd_settime()
+
+truncate.2
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Remove redundant EINTR description
+
+unlink.2
+ Hendrik Jan Thomassen
+ Improve EBUSY description
+
+cacos.3
+cacosh.3
+catan.3
+catanh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard B. Kreckel, Andries Brouwer]
+ Fix formula describing function
+ The man pages for cacos(), cacosh(), catan(), catanh()
+ contain incorrect formulae describing the functions.
+
+cacos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example program
+
+cacosh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example program
+
+cacosh.3
+casinh.3
+catan.3
+catanh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add reference to inverse function
+
+catan.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example program
+
+catanh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example program
+
+ccos.3
+ccosh.3
+csin.3
+csinh.3
+ctan.3
+ctanh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO Add reference to "arc" inverse function
+
+cexp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cexp(3)
+
+clog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add reference to clog(2)
+
+crypt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
+ Fix header file and feature test macro requirements for crypt_r()
+
+err.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Clean up description of error message source
+ In the second paragraph of DESCRIPTION section, one of the
+ sources of error messages is incorrect: the four functions obtain
+ error message only from errno, and "a code" is just relevant
+ with errc() and warnc(), which are not present on Linux.
+ see http://www.unix.com/man-page/freebsd/3/ERR/ .
+
+ Then, the third paragraph becomes a duplicate.
+
+fflush.3
+ Regid Ichira
+ Fix wording error
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?614021
+
+hsearch.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Update ERRORS section
+ EINVAL can occur for hdestroy_r().
+ EINVAL can't occur for hcreate().
+ Other minor fixes.
+
+lockf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mikel Ward]
+ ERRORS: EBADF can also occur for nonwritable file descriptor
+ As noted in the DESCRIPTION, the file descriptor must be writable
+ in order to place a lock.
+
+malloc.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Reorder prototypes in SYNOPSIS
+ calloc() comes before realloc() in the other sections,
+ so should do in SYNOPSIS, too.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reference to wcstombs(3)
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sebastian Unger]
+ Clarify that comparison interprets bytes as "unsigned char"
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Seonghun Lim]
+ Fix EINVAL error
+ Since glibc 2.3, resolved_path can be non-NULL (with the
+ semantics already documented in the page).
+
+scandir(3)
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add ENOENT/ENOTDIR errors
+
+siginterrupt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Luis Javier Merino]
+ Remove misleading sentence about signal(2) and system call interruption
+
+strlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ SEE ALSO: Add strnlen(3)
+
+strnlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ CONFORMING TO: Note that strnlen() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+strtoul.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
+ Fix NOTES section constants
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use "terminal special characters" consistently throughout page
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Evans]
+ Add documentation of _POSIX_VDISABLE
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=627841
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of STATUS character
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Added description of SWTCH character
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add names of terminal special characters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List terminal special characters in alphabetical order
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3)
+
+console_codes.4
+ Petr Pisar
+ Add ESC [ 3 J
+ Linux 3.0 (commit f8df13e0a901fe55631fed66562369b4dba40f8b)
+ implements \E[3J to allow scrambling content of console
+ including scroll-back buffer
+ (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1125792).
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler]
+ Add description of 'PPid' field of /proc/PID/status
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stan Sieler]
+ Add description of 'SigQ' field of /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document CAP_SYSLOG and related changes in Linux 2.6.37
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities are no longer optional
+ Starting with Linux 2.6.33, the CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
+ has been removed, and file capabilities are always part of the
+ kernel.
+
+complex.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Updated SEE ALSO list to include all complex math functions
+
+ipv6.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Cross]
+ Fix description of address notation: "8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers"
+
+signal.7
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Remove crufty repeated info about LinuxThreads
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to cmsg(3) for an example of the use of SCM_RIGHTS
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.34 ====================
+
+Released: 2011-09-23, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
+Benjamin Poirier <benjamin.poirier@gmail.com>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
+Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Stephen Cameron <scameron@beardog.cce.hp.com>
+Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+rt_sigqueueinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller]
+ New page for rt_sigqueueinfo(2) and rt_tgsigqueueinfo(2)
+ This replaces the previous '.so' man page link file for
+ rt_sigqueueinfo.2, which linked to this sigqueue() man page.
+
+cciss.4
+ Stephen M. Cameron
+ New man page for cciss driver
+ I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence
+ of having worked on the cciss driver for the past several years,
+ and having written considerable portions of it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Copyedit by mtk
+
+hpsa.4
+ Stephen M. Cameron
+ New man page for the hpsa driver
+ I obtained the information in this man page as a consequence
+ of being the main author of the hpsa driver.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Copyedits my mtk
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fstatat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Howells]
+ Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
+ This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran]
+ Document SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+ These flags, designed for discovering holes in a file,
+ were added in Linux 3.1. Included comments from Eric
+ Blake and Sunil Mushran.
+
+madvise.2
+ Doug Goldstein
+ Add MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE
+ Document the MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE flags added to
+ madvise() in Linux 2.6.38.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+rt_tgsigqueueinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page
+
+sigqueue.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Create link to page that was relocated to section 3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change reference to "sigqueue(2)" to "sigqueue(3)"
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EPERM and ESPIPE errors
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Curry, Reuben Thomas]
+ Remove suspect note about 'whence' being incorrect English
+
+prctl.2
+ Paul Pluzhnikov
+ PR_SET_DUMPABLE makes process non-ptrace-attachable
+
+readlink.2
+ Guillem Jover
+ Document using st_size to allocate the buffer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Added copyright text + changelog note for Guillem Jover's patch
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 2.6.39 changes to rules governing changes from SCHED_IDLE policy
+ Since Linux 2.6.39, unprivileged processes under the
+ SCHED_IDLE policy can switch to another nonrealtime
+ policy if their nice value falls within the range
+ permitted by their RLIMIT_NICE limit.
+
+tkill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo (2)
+
+btowc.3, wctob.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
+ Add pointers to better, thread-safe alternative functions
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=606899
+
+fwide.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements
+ Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose
+ prototype of this function.
+
+index.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Fix text mentioning terminating null
+
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace explicit mention of rt_tgsigqueueinfo() with SEE ALSO reference
+
+sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move this page to section 3
+ Now that the underlying system call rt_sigqueueinfo(2) is
+ properly documented, move sigqueue() to Section 3, since
+ it is really a library function.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update text in line with existence of new rt_sigqueueinfo.2 page
+
+wcsnlen.3
+ Jon Grant
+ Improve description of 'maxlen' argument
+ It's worth clarifying 'maxlen' is in wide-char units, not bytes.
+
+wprintf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add _ISOC95_SOURCE to feature test macro requirements
+ Since glibc 2.12, _ISOC95_SOURCE can also be used to expose
+ prototype of these functions.
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document _ISOC95_SOURCE
+ _ISOC95_SOURCE was added in glibc 2.12 as a means
+ to expose C90 Amendment 1 definitions.
+
+ip.7
+ Benjamin Poirier [Neil Horman]
+ Improve description of IP_MTU_DISCOVER
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add rt_sigqueueinfo(2)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.35 ====================
+
+Released: 2011-10-04, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kevin Lyda <kevin@ie.suberic.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Andi Kleen, Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page for recvmmsg(2)
+
+setns.2
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ New manual page for setns(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various improvements
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash
+ Normal English typographical convention is not to have
+ spaces around em dashes.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/null pointer/NULL pointer/
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: use ORing
+ Use "ORing", not "OR'ing", nor an italic ".IR OR ing".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: consistent use of "null wide character"
+ Bring more consistency to the discussion of
+ "[terminating] null wide character"
+ by writing (at least in the initial use in a page)
+ "[terminating] null wide character (L'\0')".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: consistent use of "null byte"
+ Bring more consistency to the discussion of
+ "[terminating] null byte"
+ by writing (at least in the initial use in a page)
+ "[terminating] null byte ('\0')".
+
+mount.2, prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/task/thread/ for consistency with other pages
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+lseek.2
+ Guillem Jover
+ CONFORMING TO: Note other systems that have SEEK_HOLE+SEEK_DATA
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of recvmmsg(2)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sendmmsg(2)
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: POSIX.1-2008 adds MSG_NOSIGNAL
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that attempts to wait for SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 requirements for lstat()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Regarding automounter action, add a reference to fstatat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clean up text describing which POSIX describes S_IF* constants
+
+aio_cancel.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Clarify meaning of "return status" and "error status"
+
+gets.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2008 marks gets() obsolescent
+ The page formerly erroneously stated that POSIX.1-2008
+ removed the specification of this function.
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008
+ This function is specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision.
+
+regex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte"
+
+stpcpy.3
+stpncpy.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note that these functions are in POSIX.1-2008
+ Update the "CONFORMING TO" sections of these functions to
+ note that they are now part of the POSIX.1-2008 standard.
+
+stpncpy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change "terminating null" to "terminating null byte"
+
+strcpy.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ SEE ALSO: Add stpncpy(3)
+
+strdup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: strndup() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+wcpcpy.3
+wcpncpy.3
+wcsnlen.3
+wcsnrtombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Add POSIX.1-2008
+ These functions are specified in the POSIX.1-2008 revision.
+
+proc.5
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Document /proc/[pid]/ns/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some edit's to Eric Biederman's /proc/[pid]/ns/ additions
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List setns(2) as an operation allowed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.36 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-02-27, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alain Benedetti <alainb06@free.fr>
+carado <carado@savhon.org>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Jessica McKellar <jesstess@mit.edu>
+Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
+Junjiro Okajima <jro@mx3.ttcn.ne.jp>
+Lucian Adrian Grijincu <lucian.grijincu@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pat Pannuto <pat.pannuto@gmail.com>
+Salvo Tomaselli <tiposchi@tiscali.it>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Slaven Rezic <srezic@iconmobile.com>
+starlight <starlight@binnacle.cx>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Vijay Rao <vijay@portuosus.com>
+Walter Haidinger <walter.haidinger@gmx.at>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Yang Yang <wdscxsj@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+sendmmsg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephan Mueller]
+ New page for sendmmsg(2)
+ Some pieces inspired by an initial attempt by Stephan Mueller.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fallocate.2
+ Lucian Adrian Grijincu
+ Document FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
+ FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE was added in Linux 2.6.38,
+ for punching holes in the allocated space in a file.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+dup.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial restructuring of DESCRIPTION
+ The addition of a second class of operation ("hole punching")
+ to the man page made it clear that some significant restructuring
+ is required. So I substantially reworked the page, including the
+ preexisting material on the default "file allocation" operation.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josef Bacik]
+ Add further details for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EPERM error case for FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Describe clone() call equivalent to fork()
+
+fsync.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Various improvements
+ - explain the situation with disk caches better
+ - remove the duplicate fdatasync() explanation in the NOTES
+ section
+ - remove an incorrect note about fsync() generally requiring two
+ writes
+ - remove an obsolete ext2 example note
+ - fsync() works on any file descriptor (doesn't need to be
+ writable); correct the EBADF error code explanation
+ Michael Kerrisk [Guillem Jover]
+ Note that some systems require a writable file descriptor
+ An edited version of Guillem Jover's comments:
+ [While the file descriptor does not need to be writable on Linux]
+ that's not a safe portable assumption to make on POSIX in general
+ as that behavior is not specified and as such is
+ implementation-specific. Some Unix systems do actually fail on
+ read-only file descriptors, for example [HP-UX and AIX].
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima]
+ Removed erroneous statement about MS_RDONLY and bind mounts
+
+open.2
+ Jessica McKellar
+ Fix grammar in O_DIRECT description
+ Some small grammar fixes to the O_DIRECT description.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Salvo Tomaselli]
+ SYNOPSIS: Add "#include <fcntl.h>" for O_* constants
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=659750
+
+sched_rr_get_interval.2
+ Clemens Ladisch
+ Update notes on modifying quantum
+ Since Linux 2.6.24, it is no longer possible to
+ modify the SCHED_RR quantum using setpriority(2).
+ (Slight edits to Clemens' patch by mtk.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reordered various pieces of text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reworded text of ESRCH error
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of sendmmsg(2)
+
+sync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ PROTOTYPE: Fix return type of syncfs()
+
+vfork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [starlight]
+ Clarify what is duplicated in the child
+ Add some words to make it clear to the reader that vfork(),
+ like fork(), creates duplicates of process attributes
+ in the child.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note clone() flags equivalent to vfork()
+ Michael Kerrisk [starlight, Mike Frysinger]
+ Add some notes on reasons why vfork() still exists
+ Michael Kerrisk [starlight]
+ Clarify that calling *thread* is suspended during vfork()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Note that POSIX.1-2001 marked vfork() obsolete
+
+gets.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document C11 and glibc 2.16 changes affecting gets()
+
+pthread_sigmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pat Pannuto]
+ Fix comment that was inconsistent with code in example program
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Walter Harms
+ EXAMPLE: Remove extraneous line of output from shell session
+
+wcsnrtombs.3
+wcsrtombs.3
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix-ups for e9c23bc636426366d659809bc99cd84661e86464
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Junjiro Okajima]
+ Document %E specifier for core_pattern
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Haidinger]
+ s/asterisk/asterisk (*)/ to improve clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct note on passwd field value when shadowing is enabled
+ When password shadowing is enabled, the password field
+ contains an 'x' (not "*').
+
+proc.5
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Fix description of fourth field of /proc/loadavg
+ SIgned-off-by: Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Slaven Rezic]
+ Describe syntax used for comments
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=656994
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document _ISOC11_SOURCE
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang]
+ Note that 'cookie' field is set to zero when unused
+
+man.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various fixes for description of NAME section
+ As noted by reporter:
+ * The code sample given for the NAME section is incomplete because
+ the actual content sample is not given.
+ * Additionally, the description assumes that the item described is
+ a command, which need not be the case.
+ * The command makewhatis is not present on my system; the
+ documented tool to create the whatis database is called mandb.
+ * The description on .SH NAME in man(7) should either copy the
+ relevant paragraph of lexgrog(1) or refer to it.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.37 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-03-06, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
+Mark R. Bannister <cambridge@users.sourceforge.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+getent.1
+ Mark R. Bannister
+ New page to document 'getent' binary provided by glibc
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bdflush.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that bdflush() is deprecated, and does nothing
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that this system call was removed in Linux 3.1
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Tejun Heo]
+ add extended description of various ptrace quirks
+ Changes include:
+
+ s/parent/tracer/g, s/child/tracee/g - ptrace interface now
+ is sufficiently cleaned up to not treat tracing process
+ as parent.
+
+ Deleted several outright false statements:
+ - pid 1 can be traced
+ - tracer is not shown as parent in ps output
+ - PTRACE_ATTACH is not "the same behavior as if tracee had done
+ a PTRACE_TRACEME": PTRACE_ATTACH delivers a SIGSTOP.
+ - SIGSTOP _can_ be injected.
+ - Removed mentions of SunOS and Solaris as irrelevant.
+ - Added a few more known bugs.
+
+ Added a large block of text in DESCRIPTION which doesn't focus
+ on mechanical description of each flag and operation, but rather
+ tries to describe a bigger picture. The targeted audience is
+ a person which is reasonably knowledgeable in Unix but did not
+ spend years working with ptrace, and thus may be unaware of its
+ quirks. This text went through several iterations of review by
+ Oleg Nesterov and Tejun Heo.
+ This block of text intentionally uses as little markup as possible,
+ otherwise future modifications to it will be very hard to make.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global clean-up of page
+ * Wording and formatting fixes to existing text and
+ Denys Vlasenko's new text.
+ * Various technical amendments and improvements to
+ Denys Vlasenko's new text.
+ * Added FIXME for various problems with the current text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Integrated changes after further review from Denys Vlasenko
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that nfsservctl(2) was removed in Linux 3.1
+ Note that bdflush(2) is deprecated
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CAP_WAKE_ALARM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add various operations under CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Add perf_event_open(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Add VM86_REQUEST_IRQ vm86(2) command to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Update CAP_NET_ADMIN with notes from include/linux/capability.h
+ Add nfsservctl(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ioctl(FIBMAP) under CAP_SYS_RAWIO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add virtual terminal ioctl()s under CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CAP_NET_RAW with notes from include/linux/capability.h
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add F_SETPIPE_SZ case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Add POSIX messages queues queues_max case to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Update CAP_SYS_RESOURCE with notes from include/linux/capability.h
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add libcap(3)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add --audit command-line option
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.38 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-03-25, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Artyom Pervukhin <artyom@evasive.ru>
+Beňas Petr <xbenas00@stud.fit.vutbr.cz>
+Ben Bacarisse <software@bsb.me.uk>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>
+Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
+Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
+Iain Fraser <iainkfraser@gmail.com>
+Justin T Pryzby <justinp@norchemlab.com>
+Kirill Brilliantov <brilliantov@inbox.ru>
+Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
+Matthew Gregan <kinetik@flim.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Nix <nix@esperi.org.uk>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Sergei Zhirikov <sfzhi@yahoo.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Beňas Petr
+ New page documenting get_nprocs_conf(3) and get_nprocs(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some additions and improvements
+
+malloc_get_state.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting malloc_get_state(3) and malloc_set_state(3)
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page for mallopt(3)
+
+mtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Complete rewrite of page, adding much more detail
+
+scandirat.3
+ Mark R Bannister
+ New page for scandirat(3) (new in glibc 2.15)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document aligned_alloc(3)
+ aligned_alloc() is new in C11.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document pvalloc(3)
+
+qsort.3
+ Mark R Bannister
+ Add documentation of qsort_r(3)
+ Ben Bacarisse
+ Improvements to Mark R Bannister's qsort_r() patch
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section for qsort_r()
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+aligned_alloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to posix_memalign.3
+
+get_nprocs.3
+ Beňas Petr
+ Link to new get_nprocs_conf.3 page
+
+malloc_set_state.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link to new malloc_get_state.3 page
+
+pvalloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to posix_memalign.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global formatting fix: balance .nf/.fi pairs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: place sections in correct order
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Justin T Pryzby]
+ Global fix: Remove duplicated words
+ Remove instances of duplicate words found using Justin's
+ grep-fu:
+
+ for f in man?/*.[1-9]; do
+ grep -HE ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1' "$f" |
+ grep -Evw '(proc|hugetlbfs|XXX*|root|long) *\1';
+ done | grep -E --colo ' ([[:alpha:]]{2,} +)\1'
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+futimesat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PROTOTYPE: Correct header file and feature test macro requirements
+
+keyctl.2
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Strip trailing tabs from source line
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=664688
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Document PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG for PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Various fixes to recent updates of this page
+
+symlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ PROTOTYPE: Correct header file
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unimplemented system calls from main syscall list
+ The unimplemented system calls are in any case noted lower down
+ in the page. Also: rearrange the text describing the unimplemented
+ system calls.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a few system calls that were removed in Linux 2.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
+
+unlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ PROTOTYPE: Correct header file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PROTOTYPE: Add <fcntl.h> for AT_* constants
+
+copysign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tolga Dalman]
+ DESCRIPTION: Add a couple of examples
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a short discussion of arenas
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace discussion of MALLOC_CHECK_ with pointer to mallopt(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add mtrace(3)
+ SEE ALSO: add malloc_get_state(3)
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename memalign() argument
+ Rename "boundary" to "alignment" for consistency
+ with posix_memalign().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of feature test macros and header files for valloc(3)
+
+rtnetlink.3
+ Kirill Brilliantov [Sergei Zhirikov]
+ Fix example code, rta_len assignment should use RTA_LENGTH()
+ See also http://bugs.debian.org/655088
+
+scandir.3
+ Mark R Bannister
+ SEE ALSO: Add scandirat(3)
+
+sigqueue.3
+ Nix
+ Remove rt_sigqueueinfo from TH line
+ rt_sigqueueinfo() now has its own manual page, so should not
+ be listed in the .TH line of this page.
+
+tzset.3
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Correct description for Julian 'n' date format
+ The Julian 'n' date format counts starting from 0, not 1.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some clarifying remarks to discussion of Julian day formats
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Iain Fraser]
+ Fix comment on 'sll_hatype' field
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Artyom Pervukhin]
+ Correct RFC for TIME_WAIT assassination hazards
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.39 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-04-17, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Abhijith Das <adas@redhat.com>
+Alexander Kruppa <akruppa@gmail.com>
+Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.com>
+Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
+Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
+Felix <fkater@googlemail.com>
+Jak <jak@gmx.ca>
+Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
+Jesus Otero <jesus.otero@rysg.es>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
+Kevin O'Gorman <kevinogorman4@gmail.com>
+Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Welsh Duggan <mwd@cert.org>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Regid Ichira <regid23@yahoo.com>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <jimenezrick@gmail.com>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
+<who@connect.carleton.ca>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page for malloc_trim(3)
+
+malloc_usable_size.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page for malloc_usable_size(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+prctl.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Document PR_SET_MM (new in Linux 3.3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various edits and improvements to Cyrill's patch
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+epoll_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of 'size' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add .SS for description of epoll_create1()
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Armin Rigo]
+ Another thread can add to epoll instance while epoll_wait is blocked
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43072
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that epoll_pwait() blocks calling *thread*
+ A few wording improvements
+
+fchmodat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note difference between glibc wrapper and underlying system call
+ The wrapper function has a 'flags' argument (which currently
+ serves no purpose), while the underlying system call does not.
+
+fcntl.2
+ Abhijith Das
+ Explain behaviour of F_GETLEASE during lease break
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Change type of arg from "long" to "int"
+ Various fcntl(2) commands require an integral 'arg'.
+ The man page said it must be "long" in all such cases.
+ However, for the cases covered by POSIX, there is an
+ explicit requirement that these arguments be "int".
+ Update the man page to reflect. Probably, all of the
+ other "long" cases (not specified in POSIX) should
+ be "int", and this patch makes them so. Based on a
+ note fromEric Blake, relating to F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC.
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize content
+ The main change is to move the historical information about
+ the 'tz_dsttime' to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felix]
+ Note that compiler issues warnings if 'tv' is NULL
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kevin O'Gorman]
+ Clarify that this system call should not be invoked directly
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42892
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify NOTES discussion of mmap() versus mmap2()
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Welsh Duggan]
+ Document negative value in 'fd' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document semantics of passing zero in 'events' field
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Various fixes
+ For some reason, the PTRACE_TRACEME paragraph talks about some
+ general aspects of ptraced process behavior. It repeats the
+ "tracee stops on every signal" information even though that was
+ already explained just a few paragraphs before. Then it describes
+ legacy SIGTRAP on execve().
+
+ This patch deletes the first part, and moves the second part up,
+ into the general ptrace description. It also adds
+ "If PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC option is not in effect" to the description
+ of the legacy SIGTRAP on execve().
+
+ The patch also amends the part which says "For requests other
+ than PTRACE_KILL, the tracee must be stopped." - PTRACE_ATTACH
+ also doesn't require that.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger, ]
+ Clarify that the use of SI_SIGIO is for Linux 2.2 only
+ See also http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6745
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ ERRORS: add EFAULT
+
+times.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ ERRORS: Add EFAULT
+
+div.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ CONFORMING TO: Add C99
+
+fread.3
+ Regid Ichira
+ Clarify further that return value is number of items, not bytes
+ See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=665780
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jak]
+ Correct type of ai_addrlen field
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add malloc_usable_size(3)
+ SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3)
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix text describing M_PERTURB and free()
+ SEE ALSO: Add malloc_trim(3)
+
+memchr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ Remove mention of terminating null in description of rawmemchr()
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jesus Otero]
+ Note that use of 'sys_errlist' is deprecated
+
+rcmd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc eventually added a declaration of iruserok() in version 2.12
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez]
+ Add mention of _SC_SYMLOOP_MAX
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
+ nologin must not only exist, but *be readable* to be effective
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Mark R Bannister
+ Significant rewrites and improvements
+ This patch applies to nsswitch.conf.5 in man-pages-3.36.
+
+ My changes almost completely rewrite large sections of the
+ man page. They are needed to add clarity, correct grammar,
+ reduce confusion, and bring up-to-date with the latest glibc.
+ I have checked the man page against the nss source code in
+ glibc 2.14.90.
+
+ Historical notes are demoted to the footer.
+
+ The rewrite makes the man page much clearer to
+ understand, more authoratitive, and easier to read.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Light edits to Mark Bannister's changes
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add prctl(PR_SET_MM) to CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor clarifications at start of DESCRIPTION
+
+netlink.7
+ Jeff Mahoney [Petr Gajdos]
+ Note cases where nonprivileged users can use netlink multicast groups
+ See also https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754611
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
+ Add a detail on autobind feature
+
+ld.so.8
+ Jonathan Nieder [Reuben Thomas]
+ Document effect of hwcaps on search path
+ Wording by Aurelien Jarno from Debian glibc's r4701 (2011-06-04).
+
+ Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/622385
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.40 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-04-27, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexey Toptygin <alexeyt@freeshell.org>
+Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
+Brian F. G. Bidulock <bidulock@openss7.org>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Christopher Yeoh <cyeoh@au1.ibm.com>
+Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr>
+James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com>
+John Sullivan <jsrhbz@kanargh.force9.co.uk>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+lepton <ytht.net@gmail.com>
+Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
+Vadim Mikhailov <vadim.mikhailov@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Mike Frysinger, Christopher Yeoh, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
+
+mcheck.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page for mcheck(3) and related functions
+ Also describes mcheck_check_all(3), mcheck_pedantic(3),
+ and mprobe(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+rcmd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document "_af" variants of these functions
+ Document rcmd_af(), rresvport_af(), iruserok_af(), ruserok_af().
+ Also some restructuring and other clarifications.
+
+rexec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document rexec_af()
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+iruserok_af.3
+rcmd_af.3
+rresvport_af.3
+ruserok_af.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to rcmd.3
+
+rexec_af.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to rexec.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify difference between CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
+ Note interactions of these two clocks with discontinuous
+ adjustments to the system time and NTP/adjtime(2).
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Sullivan]
+ Fix description of ENOSYS and EOPNOTSUP errors
+ As reported in https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=680214
+
+fchmodat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Improve discussion of difference between wrapper and underlying syscall
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ gettimeofday() is affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time
+ Advise reader to use clock_gettime(2), if they need a
+ monotonically increasing time source.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add clock_gettime(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_DISABLE and PR_TASK_PERF_EVENTS_ENABLE
+ Add some basic documentation of these operations, with a pointer to
+ tools/perf/design.txt for more information.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marcel Holtmann]
+ Amend details of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note SPARC deviation with respect to get/set regs
+ SPARC reverses the use of 'addr' and 'data' for
+ PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS, PTRACE_SETREGS,
+ and PTRACE_SETFPREGS.
+
+send.2
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Document EACCES error case for UDP
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of raise(3) for SI_USER
+ For a long time now, glibc's raise(3) didn't yield SI_USER
+ for the signal receiver, so remove mention of raise(3)
+ here. The user can deduce the details, if needed, by looking
+ at the recently updated raise(3) page.
+
+aio_cancel.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Rewrite RETURN VALUE section to be clearer
+
+aio_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Remove extraneous "POSIX" from NAME section
+
+btree.3
+dbopen.3
+hash.3
+mpool.3
+recno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Brian M. Carlson]
+ Note that glibc no longer provides these interfaces
+ glibc stopped providing these interfaces with v2.2.
+ Nowadays, the user that finds these pages probably wants
+ the libdb API, so note this in the page.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=337581
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: Note limitation on number of flag characters parsed in 'mode'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'c' and 'e' flags are ignored for fdopen()
+ Determined from reading libio/iofdopen.c.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ",ccs=string" feature of 'mode' for fopen()/freopen()
+
+getgrnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper]
+ Fix discussion of _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX
+ The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in
+ SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size
+ (as specified in SUSv4).
+
+getpwnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ulrich Drepper]
+ Fix discussion of _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
+ The value is not meant to be a maximum (as was specified in
+ SUSv3) but an initial guess at the required size
+ (as specified in SUSv4).
+
+malloc.3
+mallopt.3
+mtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mcheck(3)
+
+memchr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description, omitting mention of "strings" and "characters"
+ The existing text slipped into talking about characters and
+ strings, which could mislead readers into thing that, for
+ example, searches for the byte '\0' are treated specially.
+ Therefore, rewrite in terms of "bytes" and "memory areas".
+
+ At the same time, make a few source file clean-ups.
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "mkstemps" and "mkostemps" to NAME line
+
+posix_openpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vadim Mikhailov]
+ Add some details on use of the slave pathname
+ An explicit pointer to ptsname(3) is useful, as is a note
+ of the fact that the slave device pathname exists only as
+ long as the master device is held open.
+
+raise.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on underlying system call that is used
+
+rcmd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details of the rresvport() 'port' argument
+
+resolver.3
+ Petr Baudis
+ Note that many options are documented in resolv.conf(5)
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman]
+ Improve EXAMPLE source code: s/0/NULL/ in scandir() call
+
+strchr.3
+ James Hunt
+ Explain behavior when searching for '\0'
+
+strerror.3
+ Eric Blake [Stefan Puiu]
+ Improve strerror_r() description
+ POSIX requires that perror() not modify the static storage
+ returned by strerror(). POSIX 2008 and C99 both require that
+ strerror() never return NULL (a strerror() that always
+ returns "" for all inputs is valid for C99, but not for POSIX).
+
+ http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12204
+ documents glibc's change to come into compliance with POSIX
+ regarding strerror_r() return value. The GNU strerror_r() use
+ of 'buf' was confusing - I ended up writing a test program that
+ proves that 'buf' is unused for valid 'errnum', but contains
+ truncated "unknown message" for out-of-range 'errnum'.
+
+ See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=382
+ Bernhard Walle
+ Correct description of error return for XSI strerror_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note how to use 'errno' to detect errors when calling strerror()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Add an example of the kind of string returned by strerror()
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Petr Baudis
+ Document "single-request" option
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buffer size that guarantees being able to read at least one event
+ James Hunt
+ Correct description of size of inotify_event structure
+
+iso_8859-1.7
+ Eugen Dedu
+ Add "-" for SOFT HYPHEN
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=156154
+
+netdevice.7
+ Brian F. G. Bidulock
+ Document some SIOC configuration ioctls
+ This patch adds common but missing SIOC configuration ioctls to
+ the netdevice.7 manual pages that are not documented anywhere
+ else. SIOCSIFPFLAGS and SIOCGIFPFLAGS are linux-specific. Flag
+ values come from Linux 2.6.25 kernel headers for sockios. The
+ others are standard BSD ioctls that have always been implemented
+ by Linux and were verified from inspecting netdevice.c kernel
+ code.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Toptygin]
+ Correct description of SO_BROADCAST
+
+tcp.7
+ lepton
+ Correct description for TCP_MAXSEG on modern kernel
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.41 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-05-11, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Angelo Borsotti <angelo.borsotti@gmail.com>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Casper Dik <Casper.Dik@oracle.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
+Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
+Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
+Jean-Michel Vourgère <jmv_deb@nirgal.com>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kasper Dupont <kasperd@gmail.com>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Lauri Kasanen <curaga@operamail.com>
+Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
+Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
+Ralph Corderoy <ralph@inputplus.co.uk>
+Rich Felker <bugdal@aerifal.cx>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Ivana Varekova [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting get_robust_list(2) and set_robust_list(2)
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, Paul Pluzhnikov]
+ New page for mallinfo(3)
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Jelinek]
+ New page for malloc_info(3)
+
+malloc_stats.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
+ New man page for malloc_stats(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+madvise.2
+ Jason Baron
+ Document MADV_DONTDUMP and MADV_DODUMP
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+set_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new get_robust_list.2 page
+
+LIST_ENTRY.3
+LIST_HEAD.3
+LIST_INIT.3
+LIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
+LIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
+LIST_REMOVE.3
+TAILQ_ENTRY.3
+TAILQ_HEAD.3
+TAILQ_INIT.3
+TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
+TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
+TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
+TAILQ_REMOVE.3
+CIRCLEQ_ENTRY.3
+CIRCLEQ_HEAD.3
+CIRCLEQ_INIT.3
+CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
+CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
+CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
+CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
+CIRCLEQ_REMOVE.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to queue.3
+ The queue(3) page documents these macros, so it makes sense to
+ have links for the names.
+
+DES_FAILED.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to des_crypt.3
+ The des_crypt(3) page documents this macro, so it makes sense
+ to have a link for the name.
+
+qsort_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to qsort.3
+ Overlooked to add this link in 3.38, when documentation of
+ qsort_r() was added to the qsort.3 page.
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+faccessat.2
+fchmodat.2
+fchownat.2
+fstatat.2
+futimesat.2
+inotify_init.2
+linkat.2
+mkdirat.2
+mknodat.2
+openat.2
+readlinkat.2
+renameat.2
+setns.2
+splice.2
+symlinkat.2
+sync.2
+tee.2
+unlinkat.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lauri Kasanen]
+ Global fix: note glibc version that added library support
+
+confstr.3
+strcasecmp.3
+strcat.3
+strcmp.3
+strcpy.3
+strdup.3
+strftime.3
+strlen.3
+strnlen.3
+strpbrk.3
+strspn.3
+strtok.3
+strxfrm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
+ Clarify that these functions operate on bytes, not (wide) characters
+ Change 'character(s)' to 'byte(s)' to make clear that these
+ functions operate on bytes, not wide / UTF8 characters.
+ (POSIX uses 'byte(s)' similarly, to make this point.)
+
+icmp.7
+ipv6.7
+packet.7
+raw.7
+rtnetlink.7
+unix.7
+x25.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove names of constants from NAME line
+ Some of the sockets/network protocol pages included names of
+ the corresponding address family constants in the NAME line,
+ but this wasn't done consistently across all pages, and probably
+ it adds little value in those pages that did do this. So, remove
+ these constants from those pages that have them in the NAME
+ section.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Expand description of CLOCK_REALTIME
+ Make it clear that this clock may be discontinuous, and is
+ affected my incremental NTP and clock-adjtime(2) adjustments.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=540872
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
+ interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
+ and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewording to deemphasize libc5 details
+
+fork.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+ Can occur on, for example, non-MMU hardware.
+
+getcpu.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add RETURN VALUE and ERRORS sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to NOTES for more info about 'tcache'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: reword a sentence to be clearer
+
+io_cancel.2
+io_destroy.2
+io_getevents.2
+io_setup.2
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to focus on system call API
+ Rewrite to focus on the system call interface, adding
+ some notes on the libaio wrapper differences.
+ See the following mail:
+ 2012-05-07 "aio manuals", linux-man@vger
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/1935/focus=2910
+
+ Other minor rewrites.
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out an old Linux libc detail
+
+open.2
+ Nick Piggin [KOSAKI Motohiro, Jan Kara, Hugh Dickins]
+ Describe race of direct I/O and fork()
+ Rework 04cd7f64, which didn't capture the details correctly.
+ See the April/May 2012 linux-man@ mail thread "[PATCH]
+ Describe race of direct read and fork for unaligned buffers"
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/77571
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
+ interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
+ and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of wrapper function emulation
+ Clarify that glibc (as well as old libc) provides emulation
+ using select(2) on older kernels that don't have a poll()
+ system call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the meaning of a zero timeout explicit
+ Clarify that timeout==0 causes an immediate return, even if
+ no file descriptors are ready.
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kasper Dupont]
+ BUGS: Note O_APPEND + pwrite() does the wrong thing
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43178
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the
+ system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel
+ scheduling delays.
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
+ interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
+ and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of the self-pipe trick
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add further details on pselect6() system call that underlies pselect()
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' of semtimedop() is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' interval will be rounded up to the
+ system clock granularity, and may overrun because of kernel
+ scheduling delays.
+
+signal.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'sig_t' requires _BSD_SOURCE
+ Also remove some old Linux libc details
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'timeout' of sigtimedwait() is a *minimum* interval
+ Make it clear that 'timeout' is a minimum interval; the actual
+ interval will be rounded up to the system clock granularity,
+ and may overrun because of kernel scheduling delays.
+
+stat.2
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Formatting fixes
+ From "groff -ww" (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
+
+ warning: around line 442: table wider than line width
+
+ GNU man uses line length of 78.
+
+ Use text blocks. Two spaces between sentences or better: start
+ each sentence in a new line.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Formatting fixes
+ From "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
+
+ warning: around line 157: table wider than line width
+
+ Have to use text blocks. Move some text to its correct column.
+ Split text to two columns to avoid hyphenation.
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to obsolete libc5
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some details about obsolete Linux libc
+
+aio_cancel.3
+aio_error.3
+aio_fsync.3
+aio_read.3
+aio_return.3
+aio_suspend.3
+aio_write.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add/update ENOSYS error
+
+aio_cancel.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify what happens when a request isn't successfully canceled
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to aio(7) and sigevent(7)
+
+dbopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Add header file <fcntl.h>
+ Upstreamed from Debian, and consistent with FreeBSD
+ dbopen(3) man page.
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note details of POSIX.1-2008 specification of 'b' in 'mode'
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ BUGS: fmemopen() doesn't correctly set file position in some cases
+ If 'mode' is append, but 'size' does not cover a null byte
+ in 'buf', then fmemopen() incorrectly sets the initial file
+ position to -1, rather than the next byte after the end of
+ the buffer.
+
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13151
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: fmemopen() incorrectly handles size==0 case
+ If size is zero, fmemopen() fails, This is surprising behavior,
+ and not specified in POSIX.1-2008.
+
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=11216
+
+ Reported-by; Alex Shinn <alexshinn@gmail.com>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: Note silent ABI change for fmemopen() in glibc 2.9
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ BUGS: Append mode does not force writes to append
+ Append mode correctly sets the initial offset but does
+ not force subsequent writes to append at end of stream.
+
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13152
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ BUGS: Note inconsistent treatment of 'b' in 'mode'
+ fopen() permits, for example, both "w+b" and "wb+",
+ but only the latter is meaningful to fmemopen().
+
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12836
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Baudis]
+ Correct description of return for user-supplied 'write' function
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2074
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Jean-Michel Vourgère
+ Note that AI_ADDRCONFIG is not affected by loopback addresses
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=660479
+
+iconv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Upstream useful NOTE from Debian
+ Warn the reader that the pointer arguments can't be
+ interpreted as C style strings. Also, note possible
+ alignment requirements for the referenced bytes sequences,
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Write a better paragraph introducing iconv() and its arguments
+
+isgreater.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Clarify that the arguments to these macros must be real-floating
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=609033
+
+lio_listio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that async notification occurs when *all* I/Os complete
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Correct return types of major() and minor()
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=754188
+
+ Reported-by; Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com>
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add malloc_info(3)
+
+malloc_get_state.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix wordos in function names in NAME line
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix example program
+ The example code was a version that was not consistent with
+ the shell output shown on the page.
+
+ Reported-bY: Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restore accidentally omitted line in shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add malloc_stats(3)
+
+mmap64.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change target of link to mmap.2 (was mmap2.2)
+ Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Casper Dik]
+ Remove note about Solaris possibly returning a relative path
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Corderoy]
+ Document behavior when 'ident' argument to openlog() is NULL
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/382096
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 doesn't change any details, but make
+ that more explicit.
+
+undocumented.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some functions that have been documented
+
+sd.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to nonexistent scsi(4) page
+ Upstreamed from RedHat / Fedora
+
+sk98lin.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hemminger]
+ Note that this driver was removed in 2.6.28
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/528020
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Upstream pieces from Red Hat/Fedora
+ Note mention of empty password field.
+ Add description of "*NP*" in password field.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various minor fixes and improvements
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN processes can override file-max
+ Upstreamed from red Hat / Fedora
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/cgroup
+ Upstreamed from Red Hat / Fedora
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Take a Debian improvement into upstream
+
+tzfile.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention timezone directories in DESCRIPTION
+ Note that timezone files are usually in /usr/lib/zoneinfo
+ or /usr/share/zoneinfo.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Drop SYNOPSIS
+ The SYNOPSIS doesn't correspond to a user-visible file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add pointer to glibc source file timezone/tzfile.h
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tzset(3) and tzselect(8)
+
+ascii.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Indent for "troff" makes table too wide
+ Fix following from "groff -t -ww ...":
+
+ warning: around line 53: table wider than line width
+
+ Extra indent for "troff" makes the table look misplaced
+ (default "ps" output).
+
+cp1251.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ table too wide
+ From "nroff -ww -t ...":
+
+ warning: around line 44: table wider than line width
+
+ Columns are made narrower (column gutter decreased).
+
+ipv6.7
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Add ENODEV error for bind() to link-local IPv6 address
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Clarify that SIGLOST is unused
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out crufty BUGS text on SIGLOST
+ It must be a very long time since the statement there
+ about SIGLOST was true. (The text seems to date back to
+ 1996.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update architectures for tables of signal numbers
+
+utf-8.7
+ Brian M. Carlson
+ Two clarifications
+ This patch clarifies that 0xc0 and 0xc1 are not valid in any UTF-8
+ encoding[0], and it also references RFC 3629 instead of RFC 2279.
+
+ [0] In order to have 0xc0, you'd have to have a two-byte encoding
+ with all the data bits zero in the first byte (and thus only six
+ bits of data), which would be an ASCII character encoded in the
+ non-shortest form. Similarly with 0xc1.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=538641
+
+ldconfig.8
+nscd.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove path prefix from NAME line
+ Command names shown in NAME are normally just the basename,
+ not the full pathname of the command.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.42 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-08-14, Konolfingen
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aaron Peschel <aaron.peschel@gmail.com>
+Adrian Dabrowski <atrox@seclab.tuwien.ac.at>
+Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Alan Curry <pacman@kosh.dhis.org>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
+Colin McCabe <cmccabe@alumni.cmu.edu>
+Daniel Zingaro <daniel.zingaro@utoronto.ca>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@gmail.com>
+Henry Hu <henry.hu.sh@gmail.com>
+Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
+Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@medozas.de>
+Jim Hill <gjthill@gmail.com>
+JoonSoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
+Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi>
+Martin H <textshell-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.dyndns.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
+Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Tolga Dalman <tolga.dalman@googlemail.com>
+Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
+Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Sami Kerola
+ Global fix: use UR macro where applicable
+ The syntax .UR http://example.com paired with .UE will create
+ links which one can interact, if the pager allows that. One
+ way to see the effect is ask the man(1) command to use browser
+ display, e.g.:
+
+ man -H man7/uri.7
+
+ ("\:" is optional groff syntax to permit hyphenless line breaks.)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add security note on untrusted executables
+ See also http://www.catonmat.net/blog/ldd-arbitrary-code-execution/
+ and
+ http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite discussion of sys_clone
+
+futex.2
+ Марк Коренберг
+ Consolidate error descriptions to ERRORS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various wording fix-ups
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of EINVAL error
+ The current text seems incorrect. Replace with a more general
+ description.
+
+getdents.2
+select_tut.2
+atof.3
+atoi.3
+pthread_create.3
+pthread_sigmask.3
+rtime.3
+setbuf.3
+tsearch.3
+netlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
+ Remove unneeded casts
+
+get_robust_list.2
+get_thread_area.2
+getcpu.2
+getdents.2
+gettid.2
+io_cancel.2
+io_destroy.2
+io_getevents.2
+io_setup.2
+io_submit.2
+ioprio_set.2
+kexec_load.2
+llseek.2
+modify_ldt.2
+mq_getsetattr.2
+pivot_root.2
+readdir.2
+rt_sigqueueinfo.2
+set_thread_area.2
+sgetmask.2
+spu_create.2
+spu_run.2
+subpage_prot.2
+sysctl.2
+tkill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note to SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper for system call
+ Reduce the chance that the reader may be misled into thinking
+ that there is a wrapper function for this system call by noting
+ explicitly in the SYNOPSIS that there is no glibc wrapper and
+ pointing the reader to NOTES for further details.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Colin McCabe
+ Clarify the multithreaded behavior of ioprio_set(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг, Kalle Olavi Niemitalo]
+ Document who==0 for IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS and IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP
+ For IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, who==0 means operate on the caller.
+ For IOPRIO_WHO_PGRP, who==0 means operate on the caller's
+ process group.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=652443
+
+migrate_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter, JoonSoo Kim]
+ Fix description of return value
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ For MS_REMOUNT, source is ignored
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ 'addr' argument is not const
+ As reported by Rasmus:
+
+ Both my system's man-pages (3.22) and the latest online
+ (3.41) show:
+
+ int mprotect(const void *addr, size_t len, int prot);
+
+ as the prototype for mprotect(2). However, POSIX [1] and the
+ actual sys/mman.h (on all the systems I checked) do not have
+ the const qualifier on the first argument.
+
+msgctl.2
+semctl.2
+shmctl.2
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't mention that ipc_perm is defined in <sys/ipc.h>
+ There's no need to mention that the 'ipc_perm' structure
+ is defined in <sys/ipc.h>. That's an implementation detail,
+ and furthermore <sys/ipc.h> is itself included by the other
+ System V IPC header files. The current text might lead the
+ reader to conclude that they must include <sys/ipc.h>, which
+ is not the case (it is required neither on Linux, nor by the
+ standards).
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> aren't strictly needed
+ Add text to NOTES to say that the <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h>
+ header files aren't required by Linux or the standards, but may
+ be needed for portability to old systems.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Explain WNOHANG behavior and EINTR bug
+ I didn't like the "SIGKILL operates similarly, with exceptions"
+ phrase (if it's different, then it's not "similar", right?),
+ and now I got around to changing it. Now it says simply:
+ "SIGKILL does not generate signal-delivery-stop and therefore
+ the tracer can't suppress it."
+
+ Replaced "why WNOHANG is not reliable" example with a more
+ realistic one (the one which actually inspired to add this
+ information to man page in the first place): we got
+ ESRCH - process is gone! - but waitpid(WNOHANG) can still
+ confusingly return 0 "no processes to wait for".
+
+ Replaced "This means that unneeded trailing arguments may
+ be omitted" part with a much better recommendation
+ to never do that and to supply zero arguments instead.
+ (The part about "undocumentedness" of gcc behavior was bogus,
+ btw - deleted).
+
+ Expanded BUGS section with the explanation and an example
+ of visible strace behavior on the buggy syscalls which
+ exit with EINTR on ptrace attach. I hope this will lead
+ to people submitting better bug reports to lkml about
+ such syscalls.
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc version where setegid() implementation changed
+ In glibc 2.2/2.3, setegid() switched from setregid() to setresgid().
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename 'ctid' argument for consistency with clone(2) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some rewordings and minor clarifications
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Zingaro]
+ Some wording clarifications
+ Mainly rewording things like "is delivered" to "becomes pending",
+ which is more accurate terminology.
+
+syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some more details to the description of syscall(2)
+ And add another example of using syscall() to the program example.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kcmp(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of set_zone_reclaim(2) out of main table
+ This system call was never visible to user space, so it makes
+ sense to move it out of the main table of system calls into
+ the notes below the table.
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adrian Dabrowski]
+ Note that ifa_addr and ifa_netmask can be NULL
+
+readdir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
+ Handle -1 error from pathconf() in example code snippet
+ Improve the example demonstrating allocation of a buffer
+ for readdir_r() to handle -1 error return from pathconf().
+ Otherwise, naive readers may think that pathconf() return
+ value can be used without checking.
+
+realpath.3
+ Shawn Landden
+ Use past tense with ancient history (libc4, libc5)
+
+regex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct SEE ALSO reference to glibc manual "regex" section
+
+rtime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Engelhardt]
+ Fix broken pointer cast in example code
+
+sem_close.3
+sem_destroy.3
+sem_getvalue.3
+sem_init.3
+sem_open.3
+sem_post.3
+sem_unlink.3
+sem_wait.3
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "cc -pthread" is required; "-lrt" no longer works
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/874418
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword "is delivered" to "becomes pending"
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some text to emphasize the dangers of buffer overruns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add discussion of strlcat()
+
+strcpy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that info is lost when strncpy() doesn't null terminate
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some text to emphasize possibility of buffer runs with strcpy()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a discussion of strlcpy()
+ Inspired by https://lwn.net/Articles/506530/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of the null-byte padding performed by strncpy()
+
+tsearch.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: remove redundant discussion of unorthodox use of term "postorder"
+ This point is already covered at greater length in the main
+ text of the page (See the piece "More commonly, ...").
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify use for first argument to the twalk() 'action' function
+ There's a number of details in POSIX that are omitted in
+ the current version of this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording fixes
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of madvise(2) MADV_DONTDUMP flag
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
+
+glob.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Change 8 bit characters to 7 bit representation
+ Fixes rendering errors for accented 'a' characters.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Aaron Peschel]
+ Update bash(1) command used to obtain classical globbing behavior
+ The man page formerly noted the bash(1) v1 command to do this.
+
+iso_8859-1.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Explanation of SOFT HYPHEN and the code for it
+ <groff: iso_8859-2.7>:89: warning: can't find special character `shc'
+
+ This is the only "iso_8859-*.7" file that has this (now)
+ undefined character. The code in column four in "iso_8859-1.7" is
+ "0x2D" ("HYPHEN, MINUS SIGN" or "HYPHEN-MINUS") instead of "0xAD".
+ See Debian bug 156154 (or package "manpages").
+
+ There should be an explanation for this graphic character and the
+ code should be 0xAD in iso_8859-1.7 (as in all others), even
+ though "[gn]roff" does not display a "HYPHEN" in that position of
+ the table.
+
+ The line with "SOFT HYPHEN" gets a footnote and a short
+ explanation.
+
+mdoc.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Fixing a warning and a table
+ Fis warning from "groff -ww ..." (or "man --warnings=w ..."):
+
+ <groff: mdoc.7>:294: warning:
+ tab character in unquoted macro argument
+
+ In one table the distance between columns is too small in the
+ "ps" output. (Bug in the groff "doc.tmac" macro?)
+
+mdoc.samples.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Fix warnings from [ng]roff, corrections
+ From "man -ww ..." (groff -ww ...):
+
+ <standard input>:541: warning:
+ tab character in unquoted macro argument
+ [+3 similar warnings]
+ <standard input>:813: warning: macro `Pu' not defined
+ Usage: .Rv -std in sections 2 and 3 only (#1669)
+ mdoc warning: A .Bl directive has no matching .El (#1821)
+
+ String "Pu" defined as a row of punctuation characters.
+ ".Bl" and ".El" fixed.
+ Some arguments, that start with a period or are the name of a
+ macro, protected with "\&".
+ Variable name for macro ".Rv" corrected.
+
+netdevice.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Line in table too long
+ Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
+
+ nroff: netdevice.7: warning: around line 98:
+ table wider than line width
+
+ Fix: No right adjustment in text blocks in tables.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673873
+
+netlink.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Line in table is too long
+ Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
+
+ nroff: netlink.7: warning: around line 195:
+ table wider than line width
+
+ Horizontal line incorporated into table.
+ No right adjustment of text blocks in tables.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=673875
+ Simon Paillard [Herbert Xu]
+ Change description of "*_pid" fields to "Port ID"
+ As reported by Herbert Xu, these should not be considered as PIDs.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=383296
+
+rtnetlink.7
+ Bjarni Ingi Gislason
+ Line in table too long
+ Fix warning from "man ..." ("nroff -ww ..."):
+
+ nroff: rtnetlink.7: warning: around line 415:
+ table wider than line width
+
+ Column gutter reduced to fit line length.
+ Right adjustment in text blocks removed in tables.
+ Some header made centered in tables.
+ One table put on same page.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674051
+
+socket.7
+ Martin H
+ Document SO_MARK socket option
+ Commit 4a19ec5800fc3bb64e2d87c4d9fdd9e636086fe0 in Jan 2008 added
+ the new SO_MARK socket option.
+
+ This patch is based on text from the commit message.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16461.
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Remove include of <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h>
+ Including <sys/types.h> and <sys/ipc.h> isn't needed on Linux
+ and isn't really relevant for the explanation on this page.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.43 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-10-05, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Anatoli Klassen <anatoli@aksoft.net>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frédéric Brière <fbriere@fbriere.net>
+Fredrik Arnerup <arnerup@kth.se>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@inai.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
+Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net>
+Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+getenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Andreas Schwab]
+ Document secure_getenv(3)
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+phys.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to unimplemented.2
+
+secure_getenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to getenv.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/-/\\-/ when real hyphen is required (e.g., in code)
+
+Various pages
+ David Prévot [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Global fix: Various consistency fixes for SEE ALSO
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: use "Linux kernel source" consistently
+ Rather than "kernel source".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: disable justification and hyphenation in SEE ALSO
+ For a better visual result, disable justification and hyphenation
+ in SEE ALSO where page names are long.
+
+syscalls.2
+uname.2
+boot.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/OS/operating system/
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fredrik Arnerup]
+ Describe timeout limitation in kernels < 2.6.37
+ As reported by Fredrik (and as far as I can tell the problem
+ went back to 2.6.0):
+
+ The timeout argument has an upper limit. Any values above that
+ limit are treated the same as -1, i.e. to wait indefinitely.
+ The limit is given by:
+
+ #define EP_MAX_MSTIMEO min(1000ULL * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT / HZ, \
+ (LONG_MAX - 999ULL) / HZ)
+
+ That is, the limit depends on the size of a long and the timer
+ frequency. Assuming the long is never smaller than 32 bits
+ and HZ never larger than 1000, the worst case is 35 minutes.
+ I think this should be mentioned under "BUGS".
+
+ Although this is likely to be fixed in the future
+ (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/8/144), the problem exists in
+ at least 2.6.14 - 2.6.35. I don't know if select(2) and poll(2)
+ are affected.
+
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=20762
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
+ Note Linux's odd handling of the new_value==NULL case
+ Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
+ Fix types used to declare fields in timeval struct
+
+keyctl.2
+ David Prévot
+ Reorder SEE ALSO, without .br
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to select(2) for discussion of close in another thread
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephane Fillod]
+ Note behavior if monitored file descriptor is closed in another thread
+ Executive summary: a sane application can't rely on any
+ particular behavior if another thread closes a file descriptor
+ being monitored by select().
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=40852
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify equivalent pselect() code in terms of threads
+ s/sigprogmask/pthread_sigmask/
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast discussion of blocking behavior in terms of threads
+ semop() blocks the calling thread, not the process.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add clone(2)
+ Give reader a clue about CLONE_SYSVSEM.
+
+shutdown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
+ Document EINVAL error (and associated bug)
+ Eric Dumazet noted that EINVAL was not documented. Some further
+ digging shows that it's also not diagnosed consistently.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak SA_RESETHAND description
+
+timer_settime.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small rewording around discussion of pointer arguments
+
+wait4.2
+ Adrian Bunk
+ Note that these functions are nonstandard and recommend alternatives
+ Some edits to Adrian's patch by mtk.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Note SUS details for wait3()
+
+gnu_get_libc_version.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded "#define _GNU_SOURCE" from SYNOPSIS
+
+pthread_kill.3
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove wording "another"
+ Writing "another thread" in these pages implies that these
+ functions can't be used to send a signal to the calling thread
+ itself, which is of course untrue.
+
+sigvec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "int" arg to sv_handler definition in sigvec structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix small error in discussion of blocking of signals
+ The signal that causes the handler to be invoked is blocked,
+ but saying "by default" implies that this can be changed via
+ the API. It cannot. (One needs sigaction(2) for that.)
+
+syslog.3
+ Simon Josefsson
+ Remove (apparently bogus) text claiming LOG_AUTH is deprecated
+ LOG_AUTH is in POSIX, and widely available. There
+ seems to be no basis to the claim it is deprecated.
+
+ Quoting Simon:
+ I cannot find any other source that claim LOG_AUTH is
+ deprecated in any way. LOG_AUTH is distinct from
+ LOG_AUTHPRIV. The GNU C Library manual only documents
+ LOG_AUTH. The header files contains both without any
+ comment. Common systems like Debian appear to refer to
+ both auth and authpriv facilities in syslog configurations.
+ Popular daemons appear to use both facilities.
+ Both facilities are discussed in several RFCs.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46091
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add ctermid(3)
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify header file related to 'flags' field of /proc/PID/stat
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frédéric Brière]
+ Update description of 'starttime' field of /proc/PID/stat
+ The unit of measurement changed from jiffies to clock ticks in
+ Linux 2.6.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=675891
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks
+ Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt by Kees Cook
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document interaction of CAP_SYSLOG and /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add ipv6(7)
+ SEE ALSO: Add icmp(7)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some advice about disabling hyphenation in SEE ALSO
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe interpretation of slashes in dependency strings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Repeat note that LD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored in privileged programs
+ This point is already noted when discussing search order for
+ libraries, but it's worth repeating under the specific discussion
+ of LD_LIBRARY_PATH further down the page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for LD_PRELOAD
+ Note that LD_PRELOAD list separator can be space or colon
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.44 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-11-07, Barcelona
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Bert Hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+James Youngman <jay@gnu.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.de.marchi@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+delete_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change license and copyright
+ There is now nothing left of the original FSF-copyrighted
+ page. So, change the copyright and license.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi, Rusty Russell]
+ Substantial reorganization after comments from Rusty Russell
+ Rusty notes that O_NONBLOCK is almost always used in
+ practice. Therefore, it would be better to reorganize
+ the page to consider that "the default".
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to Linux 2.6+ reality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change copyright and license
+ Little of the original page now remains. Change
+ copyright and license
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ Changes after review comments from Rusty Russell
+ Kees Cook
+ Add various pieces describing Linux 2.6+ behavior
+ Pieces take from, or inspired by, a patch sent by Kees.
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document getauxval() function added in glibc 2.16
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: Use consistent capitalization in NAME section
+ The line(s) in the NAME section should only use capitals
+ where English usage dictates that. Otherwise, use
+ lowercase throughout.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: "userspace" ==> "user space" or "user-space"
+ Existing pages variously use "userspace or "user space".
+ But, "userspace" is not quite an English word.
+ So change "userspace" to "user space" or, when used
+ attributively, "user-space".
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+clock_nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward
+
+create_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document treatment of PR_SET_PDEATHSIG on execve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document treatment of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS securebits flag on execve()
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of default timer slack value on fork()
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Simon Paillard [Lars Wirzenius]
+ Point out that these calls relate to NIS, not DNS
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/295635
+
+get_kernel_syms.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update note on architectures that don't have ipc()
+ Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM.
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EPERM error triggered by /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlink
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+ Kees Cook
+ update seccomp sections for mode 2 (BPF)
+ This adds a short summary of the arguments used
+ for "mode 2" (BPF) seccomp.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small improvements to PR_SET_SECCOMP discussion
+ Note type of 'arg3' for SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER.
+ Add pointer to Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note 'seccomp' semantics with respect to fork(), execve(), and prctl()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PR_SET_TIMERSLACK and PR_GET_TIMERSLACK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword PR_SET_NAME and PR_GET_NAME in terms of threads
+ Plus tfix
+ Kees Cook
+ document PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+ This adds a short description of the no_new_privs bit,
+ as described in Documentation/prctl/no_new_privs.txt.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that some operations are not present on all architectures
+ PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_SETGREFS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS,
+ and PTRACE_GETSPREGS are not present on all architectures.
+ PTRACE_SYSEMU and PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP are present only
+ on x86.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=122383
+
+query_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few words clarifying reference to /sys/module
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that this system call is present only in kernels before 2.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ENOSYS probably indicates kernel 2.6+
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add modinfo(8) and lsinfo(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some information in NOTES to VERSIONS
+
+socketcall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update note on architectures that don't have socketcall()
+ Replace mention of ia64 with x86-64 and ARM.
+
+times.2
+ Thomas Habets
+ Recommend clock_gettime(2) as alternative to times(2)
+
+clock_getcpuclockid.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linking with -lrt is no longer needed from glibc 2.17 onward
+
+fts.3
+ Simon Paillard [James Youngman]
+ Improve description of physical vs. logical tree walking
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=633505
+
+getenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo
+ Info mostly taken from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
+ and Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Default for /proc/sys/fs/protected_{hardlinks,symlinks} is now 0
+ The default setting of 1 in/proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ and /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks caused one too many
+ breakages for Linus's taste, so commit 561ec64ae67e changed
+ the default for both files to 0.
+ Note system call error yielded by /proc/sys/fs/protected_symlinks
+ Note that violating 'protected_symlinks' restrictions
+ causes system calls to fail with the error EACCES.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.27, /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe depends on CONFIG_MODULES
+
+ipv6.7
+ Bert Hubert
+ Document IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note rules for capitalization in NAME section
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on timer slack
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.45 ====================
+
+Released: 2012-12-21, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
+Felipe Pena <felipensp@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gao Feng <gaofeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Jim Paris <jim@jtan.com>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Rens van der Heijden <rens.vanderheijden@uni-ulm.de>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Thierry Vignaud <thierry.vignaud@gmail.com>
+Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_runtime_instr.2
+ Jan Glauber
+ New page for s390-specific s390_runtime_instr(2)
+
+if_nameindex.3
+ YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
+ Document if_nameindex(3) and if_freenameindex(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Edits, improvements and corrections to Hideaki's page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ YOSHIFUJI Hideaki
+ New page documenting if_nametoindex(3) and if_indextoname(3)
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+if_freenameindex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to if_nameindex.3
+
+if_indextoname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to if_nametoindex.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+sysconf.3
+cciss.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/runtime/run time/
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since 2.6.30, CLONE_NEWIPC also supports POSIX message queues
+
+delete_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small rewording of description of effect of O_TRUNC
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Trevor Woerner]
+ Document Linux's nonstandard treatment or RLIMIT_CPU soft limit
+ Upon encountering the RLIMIT_CPU soft limit when a SIGXCPU handler
+ has been installed, Linux invokes the signal handler *and* raises
+ the soft limit by one second. This behavior repeats until the
+ limit is encountered. No other implementation that I tested
+ (Solaris 10, FreeBSD 9.0, OpenBSD 5.0) does this, and it seems
+ unlikely to be POSIX-conformant. The (Linux-specific)
+ RLIMIT_RTTIME soft limit exhibits similar behavior.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point reader at discussion of /proc/[pid]/limits in proc(5)
+
+io_getevents.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ io_getevents() may cause segfault when called with invalid ctx_id
+ For reference see: http://marc.info/?l=linux-aio&m=130089887002435&w=2
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
+ UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC since 3.4
+
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add example program for sendmmsg()
+
+stat.2
+ Simon Paillard
+ Clarify description of EOVERFLOW error
+ The EOVERFLOW error is not only for st_size, but also
+ inode and block size fields. See glibc source file
+ sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/xstatconv.c and kernel source
+ file fs/stat.c. Also, fix bit/byte confusion
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604928
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update various references to "i386" to "x86"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_runtime_instr(2)
+
+sysctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Calls to sysctl() log warnings to the kernel log since 2.6.24
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantially reorganize discussion of commands
+ Make the layout of the discussion of the commands
+ more readable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel symbolic 'type' names
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD semantics
+ SYSLOG_ACTION_SIZE_UNREAD returns the number of bytes
+ available for reading via SYSLOG_ACTION_READ.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify where SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL places data it reads
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR
+ The SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR command (5) does not really clear
+ the ring buffer; rather it affects the semantics of what
+ is returned by commands 3 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_ALL) and
+ 4 (SYSLOG_ACTION_READ_CLEAR).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of privileges for commands 3 and 10
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: Document odd waitid() behavior when 'infop' is NULL
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau]
+ Update description of ifa_data to Linux 2.6+ reality
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION
+ Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between
+ first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")."
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Deemphasize discussion of mode 066 in glibc 2.0.6
+ Glibc 2.0.6 is now so ld that the discussion of details
+ of that version can be deemphasized placing just under
+ NOTES.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51811
+
+strcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Enhance RETURN VALUE text and remove redundant text from DESCRIPTION
+ Note that sign of result equals sign of difference between
+ first two bytes that differ (treated as "unsigned char")."
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix confused text in ERRORS
+ The existing text suggested that the ERRORS applied
+ only for ttyname_r(). However, 2 of the 3 errors
+ can occur for ttyname().
+
+undocumented.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some now documented functions
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jim Paris]
+ Correct description of SwapFree in /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note change of /proc/[pid]/limits file permissions in 2.6.36
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Simon Paillard
+ Document IPv6 format for nameserver
+ See: http://bugs.debian.org/610036
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rens van der Heijden]
+ Correct URL for POSIX.1e draft
+
+ipv6.7
+ Gao Feng
+ Add description of getsockopt() for IPV6_MTU
+ In IPv4,IP_MTU is only supported by getsockopt.
+ In IPv6, we can use IPV6_MTU to set socket's MTU,
+ but the return value of getsockopt() is the path MTU.
+
+rtnetlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Julien Cristau]
+ Update description of IFLA_STATS to Linux 2.6+ reality
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=526778
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [YOSHIFUJI Hideaki]
+ Document 'sockaddr' and 'sockaddr_storage' types
+ Andi Kleen
+ Explain effect of SO_SNDTIMEO for connect()
+ When SO_SNDTIMEO is set before connect(), then connect()
+ may return EWOULDBLOCK when the timeout fires.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.46 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-01-27, Canberra
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andrew Perepechko <andrew_perepechko@xyratex.com>
+Cédric Boutillier <cedric.boutillier@gmail.com>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Daan Spitz <daan.f.spitz@gmail.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Garrett Cooper <yanegomi@gmail.com>
+James Noble <James.Noble@daktronics.com>
+Justin Lebar <justin.lebar@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
+Mark Hills <mark@pogo.org.uk>
+Maxin B. John <maxin.john@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Gorny <mgorny@gentoo.org>
+Peter Budny <bigpeteb@gmail.com>
+Peter Lekeynstein <lekensteyn@gmail.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Samuel Thibault <sthibault@debian.org>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Starlight <starlight.2013q1@binnacle.cx>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Wolfgang Rohdewald <wolfgang@rohdewald.de>
+Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for kcmp(2)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Rusty Russell, Lucas De Marchi]
+ Document finit_module(2)
+ Rusty Russell [Lucas De Marchi, Kees Cook]
+ Document finit_module() 'flags' argument
+ Document MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_MODVERSIONS and
+ MODULE_INIT_IGNORE_VERMAGIC. (Some edits by mtk.)
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+finit_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to init_module.2
+
+__after_morecore_hook.3
+__free_hook.3
+__malloc_initialize_hook.3
+__memalign_hook.3
+__realloc_hook.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to malloc_hook.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/tty/terminal/
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel versions for various CLONE_* constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWIPC governs mechanisms that don't have filesystem pathnames
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWIPC doesn't mount the POSIX MQ file system
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program (CLONE_NEWUTS)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some reworking of CLONE_NEWIPC text
+ No substantial content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add setns(2)
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FALLOC_FL_* flags are defined in glibc only since 2.18
+
+getxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Perepechko, ]
+ Note that ENOATTR is a synonym for ENODATA
+ Various people have pointed out that strace(1) shows ENODATA
+ for the case where the named attribute does not exist, or
+ the process has no access to this attribute. ENODATA
+ and ENOATTR are in fact defined as synonyms. Point this out
+ in the man page, so that people understand the strace(1) info.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=51871
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put errors under ERRORS section
+ The errno values on these pages were listed in a nonstandard
+ way under the RETURN VALUE section. Put them in ERRORS sections.
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: Add errors for module signatures (EBADMSG, ENOKEY)
+
+link.2
+mkdir.2
+mknod.2
+open.2
+rename.2
+symlink.2
+write.2
+mkfifo.3
+ Mark Hills
+ Document EDQUOT error
+ The return error EDQUOT is not documented in open(2), write(2),
+ symlink(2) etc.
+
+ Whether inodes or disk blocks are required for each function
+ is something I based on received wisdom and BSD documentation,
+ rather than tracing the code to the kernel. For symlink(2)
+ this certainly depends on the file system type.
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o]
+ Fix RETURN VALUE description
+ On success, 0 may be returned, so change wording from
+ "positive number" to "nonnegative number".
+
+outb.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SYNOPSIS
+
+prctl.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Document PR_SET_PTRACER
+ Document the Yama LSM's prctl handler that allows processes to
+ declare ptrace restriction exception relationships via
+ PR_SET_PTRACER.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that PR_SET_PTRACER replaces previous setting
+ The attribute is a scalar, not a list.
+ Shawn Landden
+ Document EINVAL error for PR_SET_PTRACER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place PTRACE_SETOPTIONS list in alphabetical order
+
+query_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Must be called using syscall(2)
+ Yes, the call is way obsolete, but add this info
+ for completeness.
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add/correct kernel version info for recvmmsg() and MSG_WAITFORNONE
+ This patch isolates the since/version related fixes as requested.
+ This change introduces the following delta:
+ * The page states it was added in 2.6.32 but it is only added
+ 2.6.33 (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_33)
+ * The MSG_WAITFORONE flag was in turn only added in 2.6.34
+ (ref: http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_2_6_34)
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add an example program
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example program
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zsbán Ambrus]
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'siginfo_t'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52931
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kern_features(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add utrap_install(2)
+ Sparc-specific, present since ancient times
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add finit_module(2)
+
+sysctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Garrett Cooper]
+ ERRORS: EACCES as a synonym for EPRM
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731
+ and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/11413/focus=957635
+ From: Garrett Cooper <yanegomi <at> gmail.com>
+ Subject: Re: [LTP] [PATCH] sysctl03: sysctl returns EACCES after 2.6.33-rc1
+ Newsgroups: gmane.linux.kernel, gmane.linux.ltp
+ Date: 2010-03-04 18:35:33 GMT
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update NOTES on unimplemented flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix text problems in description of CLONE_FS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kcmp(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add setns(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder CLONE_NEWUTS entry in list
+
+difftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Gorny]
+ Remove crufty text about 'time_t' on "other systems"
+ Back in 2006, some text came in via Debian patches that seems
+ crufty. Remove it.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46731
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+getnameinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Budny]
+ Fix some confused references to function names
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52741
+
+getspnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wolfgang Rohdewald]
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=52681
+
+__setfpucw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add proper page cross refs for alternate functions
+
+core.5
+proc.5
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify suid_dumpable versus core_pattern
+ In Linux 3.6, additional requirements were placed on core_pattern
+ when suid_dumpable is set to 2. Document this and include commit
+ references.
+ Justin Lebar
+ statm's "shared" field refers to pages backed by files
+ I noticed that statm's "shared" field doesn't match the sum of
+ all the "shared" entries in smaps [1].
+
+ The kernel docs explain that statm's "shared" field is "number of
+ pages that are shared (i.e. backed by a file)" [2]. smaps appears
+ to call a page shared if it's mapped by at least two processes,
+ which explains this discrepancy.
+
+ I'm not a kernel hacker, but it appears to me they do mean "i.e."
+ and not "e.g." in the statm description: In
+ fs/proc/task_mmu.c::task_statm, I see
+
+ *shared = get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES);
+
+ Here's a patch which updates the man page to match the (hopefully
+ correct) kernel docs.
+
+ [1] https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=807181
+ [2] http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git;a=blob;f=Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt;h=a1793d670cd01bd374eddf54ffdfc768504291ff;hb=HEAD
+
+proc.5
+ Kees Cook
+ Put /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug in alphabetical order
+ Kees Cook
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/dmesg_restrict
+ Kees Cook
+ Linux 3.4 changed permissions needed to change kptr_restrict
+ Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard]
+ Add field numbers for /proc/PID/stat
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
+ Add numbering to /proc/stat "cpu" fields
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize text describing /proc/stat "cpu" fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewording of suid_dumpable text after comments from Kees Cook
+ Michael Kerrisk [Samuel Thibault, Simon Paillard]
+ Add field numbers for /proc/[pid]/statm
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=553413
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/stat "cpu" "nice_guest" field
+ Info taken from commit ce0e7b28fb75cb003cfc8d0238613aaf1c55e797
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Lekeynstein]
+ Document /prod/[pid]/oom_score_adj
+ Text taken directly from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt,
+ with some light editing.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=50421
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /etc/bash to list of example shells
+
+ttytype.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add proper xref for termcap and terminfo pages
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kcmp(2) under CAP_SYS_PTRACE
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update description of Section 7
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.47 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-02-12, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+Shawn Landden <shawnlandden@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Vince Weaver <vweaver1@eecs.utk.edu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vincent Weaver
+ New page documenting perf_event_open(2)
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Chandan Apsangi, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_setname_np(3) and pthread_getname_np(3)
+
+sln.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ New page documenting the 'sln' command provided by glibc
+ Inspired by a Red Hat downstream page, but with rather
+ more detail.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden, Lennart Poettering]
+ Document PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER and PR_GET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
+
+ip.7
+ Radek Pazdera
+ Add source-specific multicast sockopts
+ This patch adds documentation of several source-specific multicast
+ socket options that were added to kernel with implementation
+ of IGMPv3 in 2.5.68.
+
+ The following socket options were added:
+ IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
+ IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
+ IP_BLOCK_SOURCE
+ IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE
+ IP_MSFILTER
+
+
+Pages moved across sections
+---------------------------
+
+getcontext.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page really belongs in Section 3 (moved from Section 2)
+
+getdtablesize.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move from Section 2
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+getcontext.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make link to page moved into Section 3
+
+getdtablesize.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link to renamed getdtablesize.3
+
+setcontext.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Modify link to point to Section 3
+
+pthread_getname_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_setname_np.3
+
+setcontext.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link to getcontext page renamed into Section 3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1)
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add flock(1)
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add exit(2)
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: note that nice value is per-thread on Linux
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add prlimit(1)
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add various system calls that use thread IDs
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ionice(1)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add taskset(1)
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux
+ Direct the reader to the discussion in sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Scheduling policy and parameters are per-thread on Linux
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chrt(1)
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ ERRORS: Add EIDRM
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream patch
+
+sigaction.2
+makecontext.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change getcontext/setcontext page ref to Section 3
+
+signal.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ Clarify System V vs BSD semantics for signal()
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The list on this page is not just syscalls common to all platforms
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add perfctr(2)
+ Add ppc_rtas(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version number of utrap_install(2)
+
+unimplemented.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Remove mention of kernel version number in DESCRIPTION
+
+inet.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Fix error in EXAMPLE using inet_aton()
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=837090
+ Patch taken from Red Hat downstream.
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(1)
+
+regex.3
+ Reuben Thomas
+ Clarify details of matching
+ The first is that it's far from clear that the end points of the
+ complete string match are stored in the zero'th element of the
+ regmatch_t array; secondly, the phrase "next largest substring
+ match" is positively misleading, implying some sort of size
+ ordering, whereas in fact they are ordered according to their
+ appearance in the regex pattern.
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of "string conversions" for 'm' modifier
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Update %a vs %m documentation
+ POSIX.1-2008 adopted the 'm' flag for dynamic allocation. Update
+ page to cover it and relegate the glibc-specific 'a' flag to
+ NOTES.
+
+strtol.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Replace some bogus text about "thousands separator"
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=652870
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Use "_SC_PAGESIZE" consistently on page
+ s/_SC_PAGE_SIZE/_SC_PAGESIZE/ in one instance.
+ From Red Hat downstream patch.
+
+nscd.conf.5
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Add max-db-size and auto-propagate descriptions, default values, + misc
+ * added missing valid services (services and netgroup)
+ * added many default values for options
+ * reordered options according to the nscd.conf file
+ (logical order)
+ * added 2 missing options: max-db-size and auto-propagate
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Mention initgroups db
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/profile
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Update /proc/sys/fs/file-nr to include Linux 2.6 details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify relationship between file-max and file-nr
+ The third value in /proc/sys/fs/file-nr is the same as
+ the value in /proc/sys/fs/file-max.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note message written to kernel log when file-max limit is hit
+ Info from Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention lscpu(1) under discussion of /proc/cpuinfo
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Document "single-request-reopen" option
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream patch
+
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=717770
+ See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/3161
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Simon Paillard
+ Add missing 'cpuset.' prefix for some flags
+ See kernel commit e21a05cb408bb9f244f11a0813d4b355dad0822e
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ipcmk(1), ipcrm(1), ipcs(1)
+
+termio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), stty(1), tty(4)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ LD_VERBOSE does not work with ld.so --list and --verify
+ From Red Hat downstream patch
+
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=532629
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sln(8)
+
+zdump.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Bring up to date with zdump --help
+ Patch taken from Red Hat downstream.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.48 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-03-05, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Aristeu Rozanski <aris@ruivo.org>
+Colin Walters <walters@verbum.org>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
+Flavio Leitner <fbl@redhat.com>
+Graham Gower <graham.gower@gmail.com>
+Ivana Varekova <varekova@redhat.com>
+Kai Kunschke <kai@kunfoo.org>
+Marcela Maslanova <mmaslano@redhat.com>
+Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
+Marshel Abraham <Marshel.Abraham@in.bosch.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Nathan Stratton Treadway <kernelbugs@nathanst.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Simon Heimberg <simohe@besonet.ch>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Török Edwin <edwintorok@gmail.com>
+Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+getunwind.2
+ Marcela Maslanova
+ New page documenting getunwind(2)
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Much rewriting
+ Some text taken from arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c.
+
+perfmonctl.2
+ Ivana Varekova
+ New page documenting IA-64-specific perfmonctl(2)
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream man pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of PFM_CREATE_CONTEXT
+ Add VERSIONS and CONFORMING TO
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper
+ Remove PFM_CREATE_EVTSETS, PFM_DELETE_EVTSETS, PFM_GETINFO_EVTSETS
+ These don't exist, and it appears they never have.
+ Fix argument types for PFM_WRITE_PMCS, PFM_WRITE_PMDS, PFM_READ_PMDS
+ The types that were being used don't exist!
+ Briefly document PFM_GET_FEATURES, PFM_DEBUG, PFM_GET_PMC_RESET_VAL
+
+gai.conf.5
+ Ulrich Drepper
+ New page documenting gai.conf
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream pages
+
+nss.5
+ Ulrich Drepper
+ New page describing nss.conf
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Document CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE and CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some improvements to CLOCK_BOOTTIME description
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET, PTRACE_SEIZE, and friends
+ Document PTRACE_GETREGSET, PTRACE_SETREGSET,
+ PTRACE_SEIZE, PTRACE_INTERRUPT, and PTRACE_LISTEN.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+fattach.2
+fdetach.2
+getmsg.2
+isastream.2
+putmsg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ New link to unimplemented.2
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SH headings
+
+Many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: remove unneeded double quotes in .SS headings
+
+Many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: use consistent capitalization in .SS headings
+ Capitalization in .SS sections across pages (and sometimes even
+ within a single page) is wildly inconsistent. Make it consistent.
+ Capitalize first word in heading, but otherwise use lower case,
+ except where English usage (e.g., proper nouns) or programming
+ language requirements (e.g., identifier names) dictate otherwise.
+
+Many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Denys Vlasenko]
+ Remove double blank lines in output
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SH sections
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NAME: Add "accept4"
+
+access.2
+ Colin Walters
+ Note that access() may also fail for FUSE
+ Since in some cases (e.g. libguestfs's guestmount) it also has the
+ semantics where files can appear owned by root, but are actually
+ mutable by the user, despite what one might infer from the Unix
+ permissions.
+
+getpeername.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai Kunschke]
+ Clarify semantics of getpeername() for datagram sockets
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674034
+
+getuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate section heading
+
+mmap.2
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Add note about partial page in BUGS section
+ This adds a note about Linux behavior with partial page at the end
+ of the object. The problem here is that a page that contains only
+ part of a file (because the file size is not multiple of PAGE_SIZE)
+ stays in page cache even after the mapping is unmapped and the file
+ is closed. So if some process dirties such page, other mappings
+ will see the changes rather than zeroes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Török Edwin]
+ Some 'flags' values require a feature test macro to be defined
+ Add text to NOTES noting that some MAP_* constants are
+ defined only if a suitable feature test macro is defined.
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=542601
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Document EOVERFLOW error
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify list of file creation flags
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarified this, so that O_CLOEXEC,
+ O_DIRECTORY, and O_NOFOLLOW are also in this list.
+
+prctl.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add some details for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Clarify interaction of count==0 and error checking
+ POSIX deliberately leaves this case open, so the man
+ page should be less specific about what happens.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=533232
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann]
+ Remove crufty text about O_NONBLOCK on files
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=700529
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details for seekable files
+
+unimplemented.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Add various STREAMS interfaces to NAME
+ Taken from Red Hat downstream.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=436407
+
+cexp2.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Still does not exist in glibc 2.17
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a call to execve() clears exit handler registrations
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add gai.conf(5)
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate section title
+
+printf.3
+ Marshel Abraham [Graham Gower, Graham Gower]
+ Fix error handling in example code
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23282
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Aristeu Rozanski]
+ Add _GNU_SOURCE feature test macro to SYNOPSIS
+
+resolver.3
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nathan Stratton Treadway, Simon Heimberg]
+ RES_DEBUG is only available if glibc is compiled with debug support
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=692136
+ and https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43061
+
+strtol.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Remove crufty text from previous fix
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CONFIG_COREDUMP
+
+capabilities.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Nonexistent bits are no longer shown as set in /proc/PID/status Cap*
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ A monitoring process can't easily distinguish events triggered by itself
+
+ip.7
+ Flavio Leitner [Peter Schiffer]
+ Improve explanation about calling listen() or connect()
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe rules for capitalization in .SS headings
+
+rtnetlink.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov
+ Add info about ability to create links with given index
+ Since kernel v3.7 the RTM_NEWLINK message now accepts nonzero
+ values in ifi_index field. Mention this fact in the respective
+ rtnetlink.7 section.
+
+socket.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov
+ SO_BINDTODEVICE is now readable
+ SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since kernel 3.8.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.49 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-03-10, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+The goal of the changes below to consistently format copyright
+and license information in the comments in the page source
+at the top of each page. This allows for easy scripting to
+extract that information. Following these changes the comments
+the top of the page source should now consistently have the form:
+
+ .\" <copyright info, possibly spread over several lines>
+ .\"
+ .\" %%%LICENSE_START(<license-type>)
+ .\" <license text>
+ .\" %%%LICENSE_END
+ .\" <other comments>
+
+Note that the 'license-type' is merely descriptive. Its purpose is
+to simplify scripting for the purpose of gathering statistics on
+types of licenses used in man-pages. It is NOT a statement about
+the actual licensing of the page; that license is contain INSIDE the
+LICENSE_START...LICENSE_END clause.
+
+All pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a LICENSE_START()...LICENSE_END clause in source at
+ top of each page that encapsulates the license text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put copyright info at top of page, followed by blank line and LICENSE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update info in source comments on where to get a copy of the GPL
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "Hey Emacs" comment in page source
+ Only certain pages have this; there is no consistency, so
+ remove it from all pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "-*- nroff -*-" comment at top of source
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.50 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-03-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Bernhard Kuemel <bernhard@bksys.at>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Erik Saule <erik.saule@bmi.osu.edu>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
+Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs <friedel@nomaden.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
+Jose Luis Domingo Lopez <debian@24x7linux.com>
+Mark R Bannister <mark@proseconsulting.co.uk>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+canonicalize_file_name.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite page, adding much more detail
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/END_LICENSE/LICENSE_END/
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/bitmask/bit mask/
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+getent.1
+ Mark R Bannister
+ netgroup description incorrectly refers to initgroups
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update URL for libcap
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Port access permission bits (ioperm()) are turned off in the child
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'timeout' is a minimum duration that the call will wait, not a maximum
+
+ioperm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that iopl() level of 3 is needed to access ports
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'num' is *bits* not bytes!
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux 2.6.8 lifted the port limit to 65,536
+ See http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/202624/
+ From: Stas Sergeev <stsp <at> aknet.ru>
+ Subject: [patch][rfc] Larger IO bitmap
+ Date: 2004-05-07 19:55:03 GMT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ioperm() operates on the calling *thread* (not process)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of 'turn_on' argument
+ Plus form formatting fixes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that default state of permission bits in child is off
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add mention of /proc/ioports
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add outb(2)
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RAWIO is required to *raise* the I/O privilege level
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the two least significant bits of 'level' are what matter
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add outb(2)
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add version information for all (other) syscalls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add perfmonctl(2)
+
+futimes.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder]
+ ERRORS: Add ENOSYS for lutimes()
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=620746
+
+getpass.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Erik Saule]
+ Suggest use of the ECHO flag as an alternative
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=644261
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document GNU extensions for EACCES and ENOENT errors
+
+stdarg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Friedrich Delgado Friedrichs]
+ Describe va_copy()
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=575077
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bernhard Kuemel]
+ Mention that noncanonical mode does not do input processing
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=643854
+
+random.4
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Document write and document the ioctl interface of /dev/random
+ The update consists out of two parts:
+ - a minor thing which just documents what happens if a write to
+ /dev/(u)random is performed, which is used in the example
+ script but not explicitly mentioned.
+ - the other (biggest) part is the documentation of the ioctl()
+ interface which /dev/(u)random exposes. This ioctl() lives in
+ drivers/char/random.c and the primitives can be found in
+ include/linux/random.h
+
+ One comment remains, there used to be an RNDGETPOOL ioctl() which
+ disappeared in v2.6.9. I found two patches on the net:
+ - http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.8.1/2.6.8.1-mm4/broken-out/dev-random-remove-rndgetpool-ioctl.patch
+ - https://lkml.org/lkml/2004/3/25/168
+
+ But as far as I can tell the first one got applied but the 2nd
+ one seems more correct. The result is that even today one can
+ still find traces of the RNDGETPOOL ioctl() in the header files.
+ Is this there for historical reasons or because it might break
+ userspace, even though using it will just give an EINVAL.
+
+bootparam.7
+ Jose Luis Domingo Lopez
+ Document 'rootfstype' option
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=182014
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add various pieces under CAP_SYS_RAWIO
+ Info obtained by grepping the kernel source.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CAP_SYS_RESOURCE /proc/PID/oom_score_adj case
+
+netlink.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Add a note about broadcast messages to multiple groups
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Define _GNU_SOURCE to obtain the definition of 'struct ucred'
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=572210
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.51 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-04-17, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andreas Jaeger <aj@suse.de>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Changhee Han <ch0.han@lge.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Damien Grassart <damien@grassart.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Krzysztof Konopko <krzysztof.konopko@gmail.com>
+Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
+Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nicolas Hillegeer <nicolas@hillegeer.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Radek Pazdera <rpazdera@redhat.com>
+Ralph Loader <suckfish@ihug.co.nz>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+The Wanderer <wanderer@fastmail.fm>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+sched_rr_get_interval.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms
+
+proc.5
+ Pavel Emelyanov
+ Document /proc/[pid]/map_files directory
+ This directory was added in Linux v3.3 and provides info about
+ files being mmap-ed in a way very similar to how /proc/[pid]/fd
+ works.
+
+ v2: Added examples of how links look like and noted dependency
+ on kernel config option CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: fix placement of word "only"
+
+Various pages
+ Simon Paillard
+ License headers: consistent format
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/since kernel/since Linux/
+
+Various System V IPC pages in Section 2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "System V" to .TH line and text
+ Make it clear that these pages relate to System V IPC,
+ not POSIX IPC.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+access.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [The Wanderer]
+ Clarify RETURN VALUE for F_OK
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=705293
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of behavior when 'seconds' is 0
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Schiffer]
+ Add prototype for syscall to SYNOPSIS
+ And further clarify the distinction between the system call
+ and the wrapper function in the introductory text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
+
+ See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Clarify differences between clone2() syscall and wrapper function
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note those architectures where the sys_clone argument order differs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Add short subsection noting that blackfin, m68k, and sparc are different
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move clone2() text to subsection in description
+ The description of ia64 clone2() should follow the discussion
+ of the raw system call interface.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change subhead for ia64 discussion
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recommend that 'tcache' should be specified as NULL nowadays
+
+io_cancel.2
+ Jeff Moyer, Michael Kerrisk [Cyril Hrubis]
+ Improve description
+
+io_destroy.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ Improve description
+ The description was rather vague, citing a "list of I/O contexts"
+ and stating that it "can" cancel outstanding requests. This
+ update makes things more concrete so that the reader knows exactly
+ what's going on.
+
+io_getevents.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ The 'timeout' argument is not updated
+ I looked back through the kernel code, and the timeout was
+ never updated in any case. I've submitted a patch upstream
+ to change the comment above io_getevents.
+
+io_setup.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ Clarify nr_events
+ nr_events is technically the number of completion events that can
+ be stored in the completion ring. The wording of the man page:
+ "capable of receiving at least nr_events" seems dubious to me,
+ only because I worry that folks might interpret that to mean
+ 'nr_events' total, instead of 'nr_events' concurrently.
+
+ Further, I've added information on where to find the per-user
+ limit on 'nr_events', /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr. Let me know if
+ you think that is not relevant.
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain use of 'size' argument
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Jaeger]
+ _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to get SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE definitions
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15312
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to relevant /proc files described in proc(5)
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+pread.2
+readahead.2
+sync_file_range.2
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to syscall(2) for ABI semantics on certain 32-bit architectures
+ Also: in sync_file_range.2 and posix_fadvise.2 remove description
+ of conventional calling signature as flawed, and in
+ posix_fadvise.2, de-emphasize focus on ARM, and rather phrase
+ as a more general discussion of certain architectures.
+
+readdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ readdir(2) doesn't exist on x86-64
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the discussion of 'semadj'
+
+shmctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for description of /proc/sys/kernel/shm_rmid_forced
+
+syscall.2
+ Changhee Han
+ Add notes that caution users when passing arguments to syscall()
+ For example, passing 'long long' on ARM-32 requires special
+ treatment.
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the exact calling convention for architecture system calls
+ Mike Frysinger [Kyle McMartin]
+ Add PA-RISC details under calling conventions
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Refine discussion of ARM and other ABIs
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version number at start of list
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add acl(5)
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
+
+ See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ralph Loader]
+ Correct definition of cookie_io_functions_t
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Andrew Clayton
+ The thread argument is passed in by value
+
+readir.3
+seekdir.3
+telldir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate the implication that these functions deal with "offsets"
+ The directory position dealt with by the readdir() and
+ friends is not a simple file offset in modern file systems.
+ Typically, it is some kind of cookie value. Add text and
+ make other changes to these pages to eliminate the
+ implication that this is an offset, and warn the reader
+ that directory positions should be treated strictly as
+ opaque values.
+
+ In the process, rename the 'offset' argument of seekdir(3)
+ to 'loc', and add some text to readdir(3) to note that
+ the 'd_off' field is the same value returned by telldir(3)
+ at the current directory position.
+
+ See also https://lwn.net/Articles/544298/
+
+scalb.3
+ Mark H Weaver
+ Fix prototypes for scalbf() and scalbl()
+
+sched_getcpu.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
+
+ See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
+
+ualarm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Hillegeer]
+ Add note on the behavior when 'usecs' is zero
+ POSIX.1-2001 does not specify the behavior in this case
+ and no other system that I checked documented the behavior.
+ Probably, most or all systems do what Linux does in this
+ case: cancel any pending alarm, just as alarm(0) does.
+ Add that info in NOTES.
+
+elf.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add byte positions for all EI_xxx fields
+ When describing e_ident, most of the EI_xxx defines mention the
+ exact byte number. This is useful when manually hacking an ELF
+ with a hex editor. However, the last few fields don't do this,
+ which means you have to count things up yourself.
+ Add a single word to each so you don't have to do that.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched_rr_get_interval(2) for info on sched_rr_timeslice_ms
+ Since Linux 3.9, /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rr_timeslice_ms can
+ be used to change the SCHED_RR quantum.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add sysctl(8)
+ Krzysztof Konopko
+ Simplify the example of printing out environ
+ The binutils package contains a very handy utility to
+ print out null-byte delimited strings from a file. This
+ can replace a rather complex expression with cat(1)
+ provided as an example for printing out /proc/[pid]/environ.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update /proc/PID/maps example
+ Update to 64-bit example that includes "[heap]", "[stack],
+ and "[vdso]"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fixes for /proc/PID/maps
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document the "pathname" field of /proc/PID/maps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to capabilities(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/maps: add a reference to mmap(2)
+
+ip.7
+ Radek Pazdera
+ Document IP_MULTICAST_ALL
+ This commit adds documentation for the IP_MULTICAST_ALL socket
+ option.
+
+ The option was added to the Linux kernel in 2.6.31:
+
+ Author Nivedita Singhvi <niv@us.ibm.com>
+ Commit f771bef98004d9d141b085d987a77d06669d4f4f
+
+ The description is based on a previous one [3] posted by the
+ original author of the code -- Nivedita, but it is slightly
+ re-worded.
+
+ I tested it myself and it works as described.
+
+ References:
+ [1] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c#L972
+ [2] http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/net/ipv4/igmp.c#L2267
+ [3] http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/28902/
+
+units.7
+ Brian M. Carlson
+ units should use an actual µ
+ The units(7) man page uses an ASCII u in place of the actual Greek
+ letter mu. Since we're in the twenty-first century, with
+ UTF-8-compatible terminals and terminal emulators, we should use
+ the actual letter µ instead of an ASCII approximation.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=704787
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.52 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-07-04, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Andrea Remondini <andrea@undeadlinks.com>
+Anthony Foiani <anthony.foiani@gmail.com>
+Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Manuel Traut <manut@linutronix.de>
+Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter LaDow <petela@gocougs.wsu.edu>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Regid <regid23@nt1.in>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@redhat.com>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP documentation
+ The perf_event_open() ENABLE/DISABLE/RESET ioctls can take an
+ argument, PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP. This wasn't documented at all
+ until about a year ago (despite the support being there from
+ the beginning) so I missed this when initially writing
+ the man page.
+
+socket.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_PEEK_OFF option
+ Since Linux 3.4 there appeared an ability to specify the
+ offset in bytes from which the data will be MSG_PEEK-ed.
+ Describe this socket option in the socket(7) page, where
+ all the other socket options are described.
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert inline formatting (\fX...\fP) to dot-directive formatting
+
+readdir.2
+asprintf.
+getline.3
+getlogin.3
+pthread_setname_np.3
+readdir.3
+strerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Clarify that terminating null byte is '\0'
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+execve.2
+ Peter LaDow
+ Add envp to the Linux notes about NULL pointers
+ During the review of static analysis results, we discovered a
+ functional, but non-portable, use of execve(). For example:
+
+ char *cmd[] = { "/path/to/some/file", NULL };
+ execve(cmd[0], cmd, NULL);
+
+ The call succeeds. Yet, the static analysis tool (rightly)
+ pointed out that envp could be dereferenced. But digging into
+ glibc and the kernel, it appears that like argv, envp when NULL
+ is treated as if it were an empty list.
+
+ So, to clear things up, I'm submitting this patch to update the
+ man page to indicate that envp is treated like argv.
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+io_setup.2
+ Cyril Hrubis [Jeff Moyer]
+ Clarify the nr_events parameter
+ Currently the io_setup.2 man page describes what the kernel really
+ does, i.e., that the resulting context may be able to hold more
+ than the 'nr_event's operations because the memory allocated in
+ kernel is rounded to be multiple of page size.
+
+ It is better not to expose this implementation detail and
+ simply state that the resulting context is suitable for
+ 'nr_events' operations.
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark fields
+ Clarify the perf_event_open() wakeup_events/wakeup_watermark
+ fields a bit, based on info from kernel commit cfeb1d90a1b1.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update to match the Linux 3.10 release
+ This patch updates the perf_event_open() documentation to include
+ new interfaces added in the 3.10 kernel.
+
+ It also documents a few [To be documented] instances left over
+ from the 3.7 kernel.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Small correction to description of 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note equivalents of PR_SET_NAME
+ pthread_setname_np() and pthread_getname_np() and
+ /proc/self/task/TID/comm provide access to the same
+ attribute.
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
+ pread() and pwrite() are especially useful in multithreaded applications
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ 'sem_nsems' is 'unsigned long' since Linux 2.4
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite RETURN VALUE and mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Brian Norris]
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+signal.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+sigpending.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document s390/s390x calling convention
+
+a64l.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function l64a() is not thread safe.
+
+abs.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions abs(), labs(), llabs() and imaxabs() are
+ thread-safe.
+
+aio_error.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_error() is thread safe.
+
+aio_return.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_return() is thread safe.
+
+alloca.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ Correct information on getting non-inlined version with gcc+glibc
+ - remove the incorrect information that -fno-builtin would help
+ - add -std=c11 to the list of strict options
+ - emphasize more that both the gcc option and not including
+ alloca.h are needed
+ - add the #ifdef from the glibc alloca.h to make the situation
+ clearer
+
+bindresvport.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Before glibc 2.17, bindresvport() is not thread-safe.
+ Since glibc 2.17, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL:
+ http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=f6da27e53695ad1cc0e2a9490358decbbfdff5e5
+
+canonicalize_file_name.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put CONFORMING TO section in right location
+
+catgets.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Clarify that null byte is '\0'
+
+ceil.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ceil(), ceilf() and ceill() are thread safe.
+
+cimag.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cimag(), cimagf() and cimagl() are thread safe.
+
+clock_getcpuclockid.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function clock_getcpuclockid() is thread safe.
+
+conj.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions conj(), conjf() and conjl() are thread safe.
+
+crypt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function crypt() is not thread safe.
+
+ctermid.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function ctermid() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+dirfd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+drand48.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions drand48(), erand48(), lrand48(), nrand48(),
+ mrand48(), jrand48(), srand48(), seed48() and lcong48() are
+ not thread safe.
+
+ecvt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions ecvt() and fcvt() return a string located in a
+ static buffer which is overwritten by the next call to the
+ functions, so they are not thread-safe.
+
+encrypt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions encrypt() and setkey() are not thread safe.
+
+ether_aton.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions ether_aton() and ether_ntoa() are not thread safe.
+
+fcloseall.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function fcloseall() is not thread safe.
+
+ferror.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ferror(), clearerr(), feof() and fileno() are
+ thread safe.
+
+fgetgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+fgetwc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+fmtmsg.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Before glibc 2.16, fmtmsg() is not thread-safe.
+ Since glibc 2.16, it is thread-safe, the patch can refer to URL:
+ http://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=7724defcf8873116fe4efab256596861eef21a94
+
+fputwc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+getdate.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
+
+getgrent.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function getgrent() is not thread safe.
+
+getgrnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+getlogin.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function getlogin() is not thread safe.
+ The function cuserid() is thread-safe with exceptions.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+getpass.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+
+getpwent.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function getpwent() is not thread safe.
+
+getpwnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
+
+getspnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+getttyent.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+
+getusershell.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions getusershell(), setusershell() and endusershell()
+ are not thread safe.
+
+getutent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+hsearch.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+hsearch.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions hsearch(), hcreate() and hdestroy() are not
+ thread-safe.
+
+localeconv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The function localeconv() returns a pointer to a structure which
+ might be overwritten by subsequent calls to localeconv() or by
+ calls to setlocale(), so it is not thread-safe.
+ Peng Haitao
+ Add RETURN VALUE section
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+mblen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function mblen() is not thread safe.
+
+mbrlen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function mbrlen() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+mbrtowc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function mbrtowc() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+modf.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions modf(), modff() and modfl() are thread safe.
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the scheduling attributes affected by this function
+
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
+pthread_attr_setscope.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Manuel Traut, Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ The inherit-scheduler attribute must be set to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
+ In order for the attributes set by these functions to have
+ an effect, the caller must use pthread_attr_setinheritsched(3)
+ to set the inherit-scheduler attribute of the attributes object
+ to PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED.
+
+ptsname.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function ptsname() is not thread safe.
+
+putenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+putpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+qecvt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions qecvt() and qfcvt() are not thread-safe.
+
+random.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EINVAL error for setstate()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: initstate() does not return NULL on error
+ http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15380
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+readdir.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The data returned by readdir() may be overwritten by subsequent
+ calls to readdir() for the same directory stream, so it is not
+ thread-safe.
+
+re_comp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions re_comp() and re_exec() are not thread safe.
+
+rexec.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions rexec() and rexec_af() are not thread safe.
+
+round.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions round(), roundf() and roundl() are thread safe.
+
+scalbln.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions scalbn(), scalbnf(), scalbnl(), scalbln(),
+ scalblnf() and scalblnl() are thread safe.
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+siginterrupt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+signbit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macro that is thread-safe
+ The macro signbit() is thread safe.
+
+sigsetops.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+stdio_ext.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions __fbufsize(), __fpending(), __fpurge() and
+ __fsetlocking() are not thread safe.
+
+strdup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+strerror.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function strerror() is not thread safe.
+
+strftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of return value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: 'errno' is not set if the result string would exceed 'max' bytes
+
+strtok.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function strtok() is not thread safe.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Add more detail on the operation of strtok()
+ Add a number of missing details on the operation of strtok()
+
+tempnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+timegm.3
+ Jérémie Galarneau
+ copy the string returned by getenv()
+ The example of a portable version of timegm() uses the string
+ returned by getenv() after calling setenv() on the same
+ environment variable. The tz string may be invalid as per
+ getenv.3:
+
+ "The string pointed to by the return value of getenv()
+ may be statically allocated, and can be modified by a
+ subsequent call to getenv(), putenv(3), setenv(3), or
+ unsetenv(3)."
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function tmpnam() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+trunc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions trunc(), truncf() and truncl() are thread safe.
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are and aren't thread-safe
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+
+usleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Implicitly adding the PID to a core filename was dropped in 2.6.27
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ anon_inode symlinks
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document /proc/[pid]/fd/ symlinks a bit more
+ Describe the type:[inode] syntax used in this dir
+
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dan Jacobson]
+ Remove outdated text on LILO and LoadLin
+ Strike the discussion of LILO and LoadLin, which
+ are long obsolete, and make a brief mention of GRUB.
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=604019
+ Regid
+ Remove mention of the deprecated rdev(8)
+ The deprecated rdev(8) command was removed from util-linux in 2010.
+ See https://git.kernel.org/?p=utils/util-linux/util-linux.git;a=commit;h=a3e40c14651fccf18e7954f081e601389baefe3fO
+ Andrea Remondini
+ Document the 'resume' boot parameter
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Clarify that null byte is '\0'
+
+iso_8859-2.7
+ Eric S. Raymond
+ Remove incorrect reference to nonexistent groff glyph \[shc]
+ The reference incorrectly attempted to duplicate an
+ actual soft hyphen (hex 0xad) just before it in the file.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Peng Haitao
+ Add description of "ATTRIBUTES"
+ "ATTRIBUTES" section can mention thread safety,
+ cancellation safety, and async-cancel-safety.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
+
+udp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'optval' for socket options is an 'int' in most cases
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.53 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-07-31, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.de>
+Chris Heath <chris@heathens.co.nz>
+Chuck Coffing <clc@alum.mit.edu>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Felix Schulte <Felix_Schulte@McAfee.com>
+Graud <graud@gmx.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+restart_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for restart_syscall(2) system call
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fchownat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
+
+fstatat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
+
+linkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document AT_EMPTY_PATH
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Al Viro]
+ Document O_PATH
+ See also https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=885740
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_nanosleep.2
+futex.2
+nanosleep.2
+poll.2
+sigaction.2
+sigreturn.2
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Geoffrey Thomas]
+ Remove warning that O_DIRECTORY is only for use with opendir(3)
+ O_DIRECTORY can also be used with, for example, O_PATH.
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Improve PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix indentation of the MMAP layout section
+ The indentation of the MMAP layout section wasn't quite right.
+ I think this improves things but I admit I'm not an expert at the
+ low-level indentation directives.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP info
+ It turns out PERF_IOC_FLAG_GROUP was broken from 75f937f24bd9
+ (in Linux 2.6.31, the initial perf_event release) until
+ 724b6daa1 (Linux 3.4).
+
+ I've done some extensive kernel source code digging plus
+ running tests of various kernels and I hope the info
+ presented is accurate now.
+
+ (Patch edited somewhat by mtk.)
+ Vince Weaver
+ Improve sysfs files documentation
+ This improves the documentation of the various
+ perf_event_open()-related sysfs files.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
+ If SEIZE was used, initial auto-attach stop is EVENT_STOP
+ For every PTRACE_O_TRACEfoo option, mention that old-style SIGSTOP
+ is replaced by PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE attach was used.
+
+ Mention the same thing again in the description of
+ PTRACE_EVENT_STOP.
+ Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
+ Mention that PTRACE_PEEK* libc API and kernel API are different
+ Denys Vlasenko [Oleg Nesterov, Dmitry V. Levin]
+ Clarify PTRACE_INTERRUPT, PTRACE_LISTEN, and group-stop behavior
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document use of empty 'pathname' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change error check in example program from "< 0" to "== -1"
+ Chuck Coffing
+ Fix possible race condition in readlink.2 example
+ I noticed that the example in the readlink.2 man pages does error
+ checking for a race condition that would cause the value of the
+ symbolic link to get larger. However, it doesn't handle the
+ opposite case, in which the value gets shorter. (The NULL
+ terminator is always set at the old, longer offset.) This could
+ cause the program to operate on uninitialized data.
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Graud]
+ s/SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/ when discussing reads from terminal
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60504
+
+clog2.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that these functions are still not present in glibc 2.17
+
+dirfd.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function dirfd() is thread safe.
+
+div.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions div(), ldiv(), lldiv() and imaxdiv() are thread
+ safe.
+
+fabs.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fabs(), fabsf() and fabsl() are thread safe.
+
+fdim.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fdim(), fdimf() and fdiml() are thread safe.
+
+fflush.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function fflush() is thread safe.
+
+finite.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions finite(), finitef(), finitel(), isinf(), isinff(),
+ isinfl(), isnan(), isnanf() and isnanl() are thread safe.
+
+flockfile.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions flockfile(), ftrylockfile() and funlockfile() are
+ thread safe.
+
+floor.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions floor(), floorf() and floorl() are thread safe.
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Simon Paillard
+ Explain how to set empty domain
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/463575
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add open_by_handle_at(2) under CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felix Schulte]
+ Clarify description of IN_MOVED_FROM and IN_MOVED_TO
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION should note versions for new interface features or behavior
+
+udp.7
+ Benjamin Poirier
+ Add missing #include directive
+ Using the UDP_CORK socket option documented in udp.7 requires
+ including <netinet/udp.h>.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework rpath token expansion text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe $PLATFORM rpath token
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe $LIB rpath token
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
+ Add reference to pthreads(7) in discussion of LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.54 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-09-17, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+A. Costa <agcosta@gis.net>
+Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Andreas Wiese <aw-lkml@instandbesetzt.net>
+Andrew Hunter <andrewhhunter@gmail.com>
+Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
+Christopher Hall <chall0@gmail.com>
+Christos Tsopokis <christos@tsopokis.gr>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Eugen Dedu <Eugen.Dedu@pu-pm.univ-fcomte.fr>
+Felix Janda <felix.janda@posteo.de>
+G.raud <graud@gmx.com>
+Hannes Landeholm <hannes@jumpstarter.io>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
+Johan Erlandsson <jeoerl@gmail.com>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Magnus Reftel <magnus.reftel@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Robert Harris <robert.harris@fixnetix.com>
+Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stas <stas.grumbler@gmail.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
+Zdenek Pavlas <zpavlas@redhat.com>
+Zsbán Ambrus <ambrus@math.bme.hu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Zsbán Ambrus
+ Document FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES
+ The attached patch adds four ioctls from linux/msdos_fs.h to the
+ ioctl_list(2) manpage.
+
+ The ioctl FAT_IOCTL_GET_ATTRIBUTES reads FAT attributes of a
+ file a mounted vfat file system. I tested this on Linux
+ 2.6.33, an example script can be found at
+ http://www.perlmonks.com/?node_id=832623
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix: s/file system/filesystem/
+ Notwithstanding 24d01c530c5a3f75217543d02bf6712395e5f90c,
+ "filesystem" is the form used by the great majority of man pages
+ outside the man-pages project and in a number of other sources,
+ so let's go with that.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+access.2
+ J. Bruce Fields
+ Fix outdated NFS information
+ Note that NFS versions since version 3 support an "access" call
+ so that the client doesn't have to guess permissions or ID
+ mapping on its own.
+
+ (See RFC 1813 sections 1.7 and 3.3.4.)
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add adjtimex(8)
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rodrigo Campos]
+ Note circumstances in which "SMP" note applies.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version for CLOCK_*_CPUTIME_ID
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
+ appeared in 2.6.12.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'timeout' can be rounded upwards by clock granularity and also overrun
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small improvements to text on historical rules for permissions
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note commands that were only in Linux 2.4.x and earlier
+
+open.2
+ Robert Harris
+ Add mmap(2) to list of calls that fail when given an O_PATH descriptor
+ Doug Goldstein
+ Add EINVAL to errors list
+ EINVAL can be returned by open(2) when the underlying filesystem
+ doesn't support O_DIRECT. It is documented in the NOTES section
+ but this patch adds it to the list of possible errors.
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK updates
+ This started out as just adding the new perf_event_open features
+ from Linux 3.11 (which was the addition of transactional memory
+ defines for PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK samples) but turned into a
+ general cleanup of the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK documentation.
+
+ The main clarification is that at least one of the non-privilege
+ values must be set or else perf_event_open() will return an EINVAL
+ error.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder text describing fields of 'perf_event_header' structure
+ Place the fields with the shorter descriptions first, to make the
+ information easier to read.
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christos Tsopokis]
+ Clarify that these system calls affect a per-thread attribute
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes)
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that this system call applies to threads (not processes)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [G.raud]
+ Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
+
+setfsgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov]
+ Clarify description of return value
+ More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this
+ system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct header file in SYNOPSIS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to setfsuid(2) for an explanation of why setfsgid() is obsolete
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording improvements
+
+setfsuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Oleg Nesterov]
+ Clarify description of return value
+ More clearly describe the weirdness in the return value of this
+ system call, and note the problems it creates in BUGS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chen Gang]
+ Clarify historical details and note that setfsuid() is obsolete
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct header file in SYNOPSIS
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify wording of 'timeout' as a "minimum" interval
+
+syscall.2
+ Johan Erlandsson
+ Add missing argument in example
+ Johan Erlandsson
+ Correct registers for arm/EABI
+ Registers was off by one.
+
+ Reference:
+ http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/patches/viewpatch.php?id=3105/4
+
+ See also:
+ http://peterdn.com/post/e28098Hello-World!e28099-in-ARM-assembly.aspx
+ https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention#ARM
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Hannes Landeholm]
+ Add details on the fifth argument provided by raw waitid() system call
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60744
+
+clock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock() switched from using times(2) to clock_gettime() in glibc 2.18
+
+drand48_r.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions drand48_r(), erand48_r(), lrand48_r(),
+ nrand48_r(), mrand48_r(), jrand48_r(), srand48_r(), seed48_r(),
+ and lcong48_r() are thread safe.
+
+fma.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fma(), fmaf() and fmal() are thread safe.
+
+fmax.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fmax(), fmaxf() and fmaxl() are thread safe.
+
+fmin.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fmin(), fminf() and fminl() are thread safe.
+
+fpclassify.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fpclassify(), isfinite(), isnormal(), isnan(), and
+ isinf() are thread safe.
+
+frexp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions frexp(), frexpf() and frexpl() are thread safe.
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ gai_strerror() is the modern replacement for herror() and hstrerror()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for herror() and hstrerror()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add feature test macro requirements for h_errno
+
+ilogb.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ilogb(), ilogbf() and ilogbl() are thread safe.
+
+ldexp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ldexp(), ldexpf() and ldexpl() are thread safe.
+
+lrint.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions lrint(), lrintf(), lrintl(), llrint(), llrintf(),
+ and llrintl() are thread safe.
+
+lround.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions lround(), lroundf(), lroundl(), llround(),
+ llroundf() and llroundl() are thread safe.
+
+lseek64.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function lseek64() is thread safe.
+
+mbsinit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mbsinit() is thread safe.
+
+nextafter.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions nextafter(), nextafterf(), nextafterl(),
+ nexttoward(), nexttowardf() and nexttowardl() are thread safe.
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
+ 'errno" is indeterminate after a call to posix_memalign()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
+ Clarify wording on "return value" when size==0
+
+printf.3
+ Christopher Hall
+ Correctly describe the meaning of a negative precision
+ The printf(3) manpage says that a negative precision is taken to
+ be zero, whereas printf(3p) says that a negative precision is
+ taken as if the precision were omitted. glibc agrees with the
+ latter (POSIX) specification.
+
+ Test code:
+
+ printf("%f\n",42.0); // "42.000000"
+ printf("%.*f\n",0,42.0); // "42"
+ printf("%.*f\n",-1,42.0); // "42.000000"
+
+ This patch corrects the explanation to match what actually happens.
+
+rewinddir.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function rewinddir() is thread safe.
+
+rint.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions nearbyint(), nearbyintf(), nearbyintl(), rint(),
+ rintf() and rintl() are thread safe.
+
+seekdir.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function seekdir() is thread safe.
+
+telldir.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function telldir() is thread safe.
+
+wctomb.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function wctomb() is not thread safe.
+
+wavelan.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elie De Brauwer]
+ This driver disappeared in 2.56.35
+
+dir_colors.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas]
+ Add various synonyms
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/553477
+ Simon Paillard [Stas]
+ Add keywords SUID, SGID, STICKY, STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, OTHER_WRITABLE
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/553477
+ See ls.c and dircolors.c in coreutils
+
+proc.5
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Document /proc/[pid]/io file
+ Attempt to document fields in the /proc/[pid]/io file, based on
+ the Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt. The text will probably
+ need some grammar corrections.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ /proc/sys/fs/inode-max went away in Linux 2.4
+ Also, the 'preshrink' field in /proc/sys/fs/inode-state became
+ a dummy value in Linux 2.4.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60836
+ Michael Kerrisk [A. Costa]
+ Note block size used by /proc/partitions
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=666972
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add rationale on drop_caches and note that it can hurt performance
+ See also http://lwn.net/Articles/562211/
+
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugen Dedu]
+ Remove "lilo" entries from SEE ALSO
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/604019
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inotifywait(1) and inotifywatch(1)
+
+ip.7
+ Simon Paillard
+ IP_MULTICAST_IF setsockopt recognizes struct mreq (compatibility)
+ Kernel added compatibility only recently in
+ 3a084ddb4bf299a6e898a9a07c89f3917f0713f7
+ See: http://bugs.debian.org/607979
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of SUSv4-TC1 (POSIX.1-2013)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.55 ====================
+
+Released: 2013-12-12, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alfred Agrell <alfred@agrell.info>
+Andreas Sandberg <andreas.sandberg@it.uu.se>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Liu Jiaming <storypku@gmail.com>
+Maxin B. John <maxin.john@enea.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Rodrigo Campos <rodrigo@sdfg.com.ar>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Trevor Bramwell <trevor@bramwell.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yang Yang <yangyang.gnu@gmail.com>
+Yuanhang Zheng <zhengyhn@gmail.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+janh <a0vhv@t-online.de>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+assert.3
+assert_perror.3
+rexec.3
+rpc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Reword a sentence to use more gender-neutral language
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'arg...' for interpreter scripts starts with argv[1]
+
+fallocate.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Clarify the zeroing behavior
+ fallocate() zeroes only space that did not previously contain
+ data, but leaves existing data untouched.
+
+futex.2
+ Rodrigo Campos
+ Fix link to Rusty's futex example library
+ When I asked to webmaster@kernel.org, Konstantin Ryabitsev
+ answered that the ".nl." is "an obsolete scheme and really
+ should be changed to just ftp.kernel.org".
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that NGROUPS_MAX is defined in <limits.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX) is a run-time technique
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro, David Gibson]
+ 'request' argument is typed as 'unsigned long' in glibc
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42705
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Linux 3.12 rdpmc/mmap
+ It turns out that the perf_event mmap page rdpmc/time setting was
+ broken, dating back to the introduction of the feature. Due
+ to a mistake with a bitfield, two different values mapped to
+ the same feature bit.
+
+ A new somewhat backwards compatible interface was introduced
+ in Linux 3.12. A much longer report on the issue can be found
+ here:
+ https://lwn.net/Articles/567894/
+ Vince Weaver
+ Linux 3.12 adds PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER
+ A new PERF_SAMPLE_IDENTIFIER sample type was added in Linux 3.12.
+ Vince Weaver
+ E2BIG documentation
+ The following documents the E2BIG error return for
+ perf_event_open().
+
+ I actually ran into this error the hard way and it took me
+ half a day to figure out why my ->size value was changing.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Linux 3.12 adds PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID
+ A new perf_event related ioctl, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ID, was added
+ in Linux 3.12.
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY support
+ Support for the PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY event type was added in
+ Linux 3.12.
+ Vince Weaver [Andreas Sandberg]
+ PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD update
+ The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl was broken until 2.6.36,
+ and it turns out that the ARM architecture has some
+ differing behavior too.
+
+pipe.2
+ Trevor Bramwell
+ Fix error in example program
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paolo Bonzini]
+ Clarify meaning of events==0
+ events==0 does not mean that revents is always returned as
+ zero. The "output only" events (POLLHUP, POLLERR, POLLNVAL)
+ can still be returned.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61911
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yuanhang Zheng]
+ Fix typo in error message in example program
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove out-of-date statement that UNIX domain does not support MSG_TRUNC
+ Should have removed that sentence as part of
+ commit a25601b48b822eb1882ae336574b8d062a17e564
+
+sched_get_priority_max.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SCHED_IDLE to discussion
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: these calls return number of bytes (not characters) sent
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small clarification to description of when saved set-user-ID is set
+
+sigpending.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals that are blocked *and* ignored
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note filesystem support for nanosecond timestamps
+ Add some detail on which native filesystems do and don't
+ support nanosecond timestamps.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cosmetic reworking of timestamp discussion in NOTES
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yang Yang]
+ Update discussion of nanosecond timestamps
+ The existing text describes the timestamp fields as 'time_t'
+ and delegates discussion of nanosecond timestamps under NOTES.
+ Nanosecond timestamps have been around for a while now,
+ and are in POSIX.1-2008, so reverse the orientation of the
+ discussion, putting the nanosecond fields into DESCRIPTION
+ and detailing the historical situation under NOTES.
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further fine tuning of argument names
+ Follow-up to f2ae6dde0c68448bec986d12fe32268a2c98bfd9
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16073
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac]
+ Give arguments of symlink() more meaningful names
+
+adjtime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function adjtime() is thread safe.
+
+alloca.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function alloca() is thread safe.
+
+asinh.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions asinh(), asinhf() and asinhl() are thread safe.
+
+atan.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions atan(), atanf() and atanl() are thread safe.
+
+atof.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function atof() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+atoi.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions atoi(), atol() and atoll() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+bcmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function bcmp() is thread safe.
+
+bcopy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function bcopy() is thread safe.
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function bsd_signal() is thread safe.
+
+bzero.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function bzero() is thread safe.
+
+cbrt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cbrt(), cbrtf() and cbrtl() are thread safe.
+
+copysign.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions copysign(), copysignf() and copysignl() are thread
+ safe.
+
+cos.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cos(), cosf() and cosl() are thread safe.
+
+cproj.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cproj(), cprojf() and cprojl() are thread safe.
+
+creal.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions creal(), crealf() and creall() are thread safe.
+
+daemon.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function daemon() is thread safe.
+
+des_crypt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ecb_crypt(), cbc_crypt() and des_setparity() are
+ thread safe.
+
+difftime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function difftime() is thread safe.
+
+dysize.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function dysize() is thread safe.
+
+erf.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions erf(), erff() and erfl() are thread safe.
+
+erfc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions erfc(), erfcf() and erfcl() are thread safe.
+
+euidaccess.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions euidaccess() and eaccess() are thread safe.
+
+expm1.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions expm1(), expm1f() and expm1l() are thread safe.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2008 specifies fexecve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain the use and rationale of fexecve()
+
+ftime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function ftime() is thread safe.
+
+ftok.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function ftok() is thread safe.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ nftw() visits directories with FTW_D if FTW_DEPTH was not specified
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain probable cause of FTW_NS
+
+futimes.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions futimes() and lutimes() are thread safe.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain one use case for AI_ADDRCONFIG
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Highlight difference in ai_flags when hints==NULL
+ NOTES already described how glibc differs from POSIX.
+ Add a pointer to that text from the point in DESCRIPTION
+ where hints==NULL is discussed.
+
+kcmp.3
+ Shawn Landden
+ Reword slightly awkward section
+
+malloc.3
+ Greg Price
+ Scale back promises of alignment
+ It's not true that the return value is suitably aligned for "any
+ variable"; for example, it's unsuitable for a variable like
+ float *x __attribute__ ((__vector_size__ (32)));
+ which requires 32-byte alignment. Types like this are defined in
+ <avxintrin.h>, and with 16-byte alignment in <emmintrin.h> and
+ <xmmintrin.h>, so the application programmer need not even know
+ that a vector_size attribute has been applied.
+
+ On an x86 architecture, a program that loads from or stores to a
+ pointer with this type derived from malloc can crash because GCC
+ generates an aligned load/store, like MOVDQA.
+
+ The C99 standard (TC3, as of N1256) does say the return value is
+ suitably aligned for "any type of object". The C11 standard (as
+ of N1570) revises this to any type with "fundamental alignment",
+ which means an alignment "supported by the implementation in all
+ contexts", which I suppose tautologically includes aligning
+ malloc/realloc return values.
+
+ The actual behavior of current glibc malloc is to align to the
+ greater of 2 * sizeof(size_t) and __alignof__ (long double),
+ which may be one bit greater than this commit promises.
+
+mq_receive.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [janh]
+ msg_len must be greater than *or equal to* mq_msgsize
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64571
+
+setenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that setenv() returns success in the overwrite==0 case
+
+sigsetops.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Add 'const' to sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), sigandset() declarations
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing sigisemptyset(), sigorset(), and sigandset()
+
+statvfs.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions statvfs() and fstatvfs() are thread safe.
+
+stdarg.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The macros va_start(), va_arg(), va_end() and va_copy() are
+ thread safe.
+
+termios.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tcgetattr(), tcsetattr(), tcsendbreak(),
+ tcdrain(), tcflush(), tcflow(), cfmakeraw(), cfgetispeed(),
+ cfgetospeed(), cfsetispeed(), cfsetospeed() and cfsetspeed()
+ are thread safe.
+
+ungetwc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function ungetwc() is thread safe.
+
+unlockpt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function unlockpt() is thread safe.
+
+usleep.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function usleep() is thread safe.
+
+wcpcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcpcpy() is thread safe.
+
+wcscasecmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wcscasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wcscat.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcscat() is thread safe.
+
+wcschr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcschr() is thread safe.
+
+wcscmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcscmp() is thread safe.
+
+wcscpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcscpy() is thread safe.
+
+wcscspn.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcscspn() is thread safe.
+
+wcslen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcslen() is thread safe.
+
+wcsncasecmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wcsncasecmp() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wcsncat.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsncat() is thread safe.
+
+wcsncmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsncmp() is thread safe.
+
+wcsncpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsncpy() is thread safe.
+
+wcsnlen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsnlen() is thread safe.
+
+wcspbrk.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcspbrk() is thread safe.
+
+wcsrchr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsrchr() is thread safe.
+
+wcsspn.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsspn() is thread safe.
+
+wcsstr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcsstr() is thread safe.
+
+wcstoimax.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions wcstoimax() and wcstoumax() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+wcstok.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcstok() is thread safe.
+
+wcswidth.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wcswidth() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wctrans.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wctrans() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wctype.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wctype() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wcwidth.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function wcwidth() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wmemchr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wmemchr() is thread safe.
+
+wmemcmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wmemcmp() is thread safe.
+
+wmemcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wmemcpy() is thread safe.
+
+wmemmove.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wmemmove() is thread safe.
+
+wmemset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wmemset() is thread safe.
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Liu Jiaming]
+ Note that 'arg' should be 0 in the usual case when using TIOCSCTTY
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text on root to discuss just in terms of capabilities
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix 2 version numbers under "Effect of user ID changes on capabilities"
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add _ISOC11_SOURCE to example program
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix (nontrivial) wordo in discussion of MSG_TRUNC
+ s/MSG_PEEK/MSG_TRUNC/
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alfred Agrell]
+ Fix crufty wording in one sentence
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.56 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-01-11, Christchurch
+
+In memory of Doris Church (1939-2013)
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
+Arif Zaman <arifz@lums.edu.pk>
+Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+David Malcolm <dmalcolm@redhat.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Dongsheng Song <dongsheng.song@gmail.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+James Smith <james@theta.pw>
+Janne Blomqvist <blomqvist.janne@gmail.com>
+Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
+Luke Hutchison <luke.hutch@mit.edu>
+Marco Dione <mdione@grulic.org.ar>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
+Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Moritz 'Morty' Strübe <morty@gmx.net>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Ondřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz>
+Prádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Raphael Geissert <geissert@debian.org>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stephen Kell <srk31@srcf.ucam.org>
+Sudhanshu Goswami <Sudhanshu.Goswami@emc.com>
+Sworddragon2 <sworddragon2@aol.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+fgetc.3
+gets.3
+ David Malcolm
+ Split gets(3) to isolate unsafe gets(3) to a page on its own
+ Currently man3/gets.3 documents various safe I/O functions, along
+ with the toxic "gets" function.
+
+ At the risk of being melodramatic, this strikes me as akin to
+ storing rat poison in a food cabinet, in the same style of
+ packaging as the food, but with a post-it note on it saying
+ "see warnings below".
+
+ I think such "never use this" functions should be quarantined
+ into their own manpages, rather than listing them alongside
+ sane functions.
+
+ The attached patch does this for "gets", moving the documentation
+ of the good functions from man3/gets.3 into man3/fgetc.3,
+ updating the SO links in the relevant functions to point at the
+ latter.
+
+ It then rewrites man3/gets.3 to spell out that "gets" is toxic
+ and should never be used (with a link to CWE-242 for good
+ measure).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andre Majorel]
+ Tweaks to David Malcolm's patch
+
+vdso.7
+ Mike Frysinger
+ New page documenting the vDSO mapped into each process by the kernel
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+reboot.2
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Document LINUX_REBOOT_SW_SUSPEND
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+fgets.3
+getc.3
+getchar.3
+ungetc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust links to gets(3) to point to fgetc(3)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global fix of "NULL pointer"
+ Change "NULL pointer" to "NULL" or null pointer".
+ POSIX uses the term "null pointer", not "NULL pointer".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Stylistic changes to code example
+ For ease of reading, don't embed assignments inside if().
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace uses of "i.e.," in main text with "that is" or similar
+ Usual man-pages style is to use "i.e." only within
+ parenthetical expressions.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace uses of "e.g." in main text with "for example" or similar
+ Usual man-pages style is to use "e.g." only within
+ parenthetical expressions.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "Program source" subheading under EXAMPLE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "static" to global variables and functions in example program
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ Improve description of CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67291
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [P?draig Brady]
+ Note that errors from close() should be used only for diagnosis
+ In particular, retrying after EINTR is a bad idea.
+
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529
+
+ See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.glibc.alpha/37702
+ Subject: [RFC][BZ #14627] Make linux close errno to EINPROGRESS
+ when interrupted in signal.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marco Dione]
+ Add further cases to EFAULT error
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16402
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami]
+ Clarify issues with the disabled bit
+ Clarify the perf_event_open behavior with respect to the disabled
+ bit and creating event groups.
+ Vince Weaver [Sudhanshu Goswami]
+ Clarify issues with the exclusive bit
+ Warn that using the perf_event_open "exclusive" bit, while
+ it might seem like a good idea, might lead to all 0 results
+ in some common usage cases.
+
+reboot.2
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Mention RB_POWER_OFF
+ The manpage did not mention RB_POWER_OFF which is the glibc
+ symbolic name for LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF.
+
+ $ cd /usr/include
+ $ cat x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/reboot.h | grep POWER_OFF
+ define RB_POWER_OFF 0x4321fedc
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add "Linux" to kernel version numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add RB_SW_SUSPEND synonym
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add RB_KEXEC synonym
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ BSD getpgrp() and setpgrp() go away in glibc 2.19
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dongsheng Song]
+ Remove crufty statement that AF_INET does not support SOCK_SEQPACKET
+ Linux AF_INET supports SOCK_SEQPACKET via SCTP.
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Fix ia64 registers
+ The original list of registers was created by confusing strace
+ source code--this is for parsing legacy 32-bit code (which is
+ dead and no one cares). Update the list to reflect native ia64
+ syscall interface.
+
+syscall.2
+syscalls.2
+getauxval.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add references to new vdso(7) page
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small wording improvement for times!=NULL case
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update remarks on cast needed when assigning dlsym() return value
+ POSIX.1-2013 eases life when casting the dlsym() return value to a
+ function pointer
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Kell]
+ Fix description of dli_sname
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16262
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Luke Hutchison]
+ Correct description of how '*n' is used when '*lineptr' == NULL
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5468
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove SEE ALSO reference to unsafe gets(3)
+
+mcheck.3
+ Simon Paillard [Raphael Geissert]
+ typo in compiler flag
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/732464
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Janne Blomqvist]
+ Better describe 'flags' that can be specified for mkostemp()
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arif Zaman]
+ Fix memory leak in snprintf() example
+ See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19933479/snprintf-man-page-example-memory-leak
+
+pthread_kill.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Desnoyers]
+ POSIX.1-2008 removes ESRCH
+ POSIX.1-2001 mistakenly documented an ESRCH error, and
+ POSIX.1-2008 removes this error. Glibc does return
+ this error in cases where it can determine that a thread ID
+ is invalid, but equally, the use of an invalid thread ID
+ can cause a segmentation fault.
+
+puts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: replace reference to gets(3) with fgets(3)
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ondřej Bílka]
+ Improve discussion of obsolete 'a' dynamic allocation modifier
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ BSD setjmp() semantics go away in glibc 2.19
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ BSD sigpause() goes away in glibc 2.19
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct feature text macro requirements
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sigpause() is thread safe.
+
+sigqueue.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sigqueue() is thread safe.
+
+sigwait.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sigwait() is thread safe.
+
+sin.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions sin(), sinf() and sinl() are thread safe.
+
+sincos.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions sincos(), sincosf() and sincosl() are thread safe.
+
+string.3
+ Moritz 'Morty' Strübe
+ Add short description of the functions
+ It is helpful to have a short description about what the different
+ functions in string.h do.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fixes and enhancements to Moritz Strübe's patch
+
+strptime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre, Simon Paillard]
+ Add number ranges to comments in 'tm' structure
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729570
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to ctime(3) for more details on 'tm' structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some rewording and reorganization
+
+strsep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description
+ The use of "symbols" in the existing description is confusing;
+ it's "bytes". Other fixes as well.
+
+strspn.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre]
+ Improve description in NAME
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=723659
+
+strstr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify RETURN VALUE: s/substring/located substring/
+
+sysv_signal.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sysv_signal() is thread safe.
+
+tan.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tan(), tanf() and tanl() are thread safe.
+
+tanh.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tanh(), tanhf() and tanhl() are thread safe.
+
+toascii.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function toascii() is thread safe.
+
+toupper.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions toupper() and tolower() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+towctrans.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function towctrans() is thread safe.
+
+towlower.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function towlower() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+towupper.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function towupper() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+ualarm.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function ualarm() is thread safe.
+
+wcpncpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function wcpncpy() is thread safe.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sworddragon2]
+ Fix formula for CommitLimit under /proc/meminfo
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60991
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List APIs that operate on process groups
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on controlling terminal and foreground/background jobs
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ From glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes __FAVOR_BSD
+ Starting with glibc 2.19, _BSD_SOURCE no longer causes BSD
+ definitions to be favored in cases where standards conflict.
+
+libc.7
+ Mike Frysinger
+ SEE ALSO: add various entries
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Add STYLE GUIDE section
+ Incorporate some of the existing material in the page
+ into the STYLE GUIDE, and add a lot more material, mainly
+ drawn from the "Global changes" sections in the release
+ changelogs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add historical note on reason for use of American spelling
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Various improvements to style guide
+
+packet.7
+ Willem de Bruijn [Daniel Borkmann]
+ Document fanout, ring, and auxiliary options
+ This patch adds descriptions of the common packet socket options
+ PACKET_AUXDATA, PACKET_FANOUT, PACKET_RX_RING, PACKET_STATISTICS,
+ PACKET_TX_RING
+ and the ring-specific options
+ PACKET_LOSS, PACKET_RESERVE, PACKET_TIMESTAMP, PACKET_VERSION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for PACKET_VERSION and PACKET_TIMESTAMP
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Klose]
+ Default output file for D_DEBUG is stderr not stdout
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6874
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.57 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-01-24, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
+Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Axel Beckert <abe@debian.org>
+Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
+Brandon Edens <bedens@fitbit.com>
+Eliezer Tamir <eliezer.tamir@linux.intel.com>
+Gioele Barabucci <gioele@svario.it>
+Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
+Jerry Chu <hkchu@google.com>
+Jonas Jonsson <jonas@websystem.se>
+Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Thomas Posch <man-pages@online.posch.name>
+Tilman Schmidt <tilman@imap.cc>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document MSG_COPY
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Andy Lutomirski
+ Document O_TMPFILE
+ O_TMPFILE is new in Linux 3.11
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Andi Kleen]
+ PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION support in Linux 3.13
+ The following patch adds descriptions of the new perf_event_open.2
+ PERF_SAMPLE_TRANSACTION sample type as added in Linux 3.13.
+
+ The descriptions are based on information provided by Andi Kleen,
+ both in the e-mail
+
+ [PATCH 1/6] perf, core: Add generic transaction flags v5
+
+ sent to the linux-kernel list as well as an e-mail
+
+ [PATCH] Document transaction flags in perf_event_open manpage
+
+ sent to the linux-man list.
+
+ The implementation is based heavily on the Intel Haswell
+ processor. Documentation can be found at this page:
+ http://software.intel.com/en-us/blogs/2013/05/03/intelr-transactional-synchronization-extensions-intelr-tsx-profiling-with-linux-0
+ as well as in section 18.11.5.1 of volume 3 of the
+ Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture Software Developer's Manual.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Add description for PTRACE_PEEKSIGINFO
+ Retrieve signals without removing them from a queue.
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Add description for PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK
+ These two commands allow to examine and change mask of blocked
+ signals.
+
+socket.7
+ Eliezer Tamir
+ Add description for SO_BUSY_POLL
+ Add description for the SO_BUSY_POLL socket option.
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jerry Chu]
+ Document TCP_USER_TIMEOUT
+ Text slightly adapted from Jerry Chu's (excellent) commit
+ message (commit dca43c75e7e545694a9dd6288553f55c53e2a3a3).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TCP_CONGESTION
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword to avoid use of "etc."
+
+Various pages
+ Peng Haitao [Andre Majorel]
+ Make wording around thread-safety and setlocale() more precise
+
+getdate.3
+strptime.3
+locale.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace "weekday" with less ambiguous language
+ Notwithstanding POSIX's use of the term "weekday", in everyday
+ English, "weekday" is commonly understood to mean a day in the
+ set [Monday..Friday] (vs one of the "weekend" days).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonas Jonsson]
+ Clarify wording of EINTR error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66571
+
+faccessat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the system call takes only three arguments
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note filesystems that support FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE operation
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: The O_SYNC and O_DSYNC flags are not modifiable using F_SETFL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsections under BUGS
+ There's several bugs listed. It's helpful to mark
+ them separately.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1 specifies F_SETOWN and F_GETOWN for sockets/SIGURG
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
+ Note that rlim_cur can be set lower than current resource consumption
+
+getsockopt.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(7) and udp(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/security/keys.txt
+
+linkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOENT for O_TMPFILE created with O_EXCL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EINVAL
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which filesystems support SEEK_HOLE/SEEK_DATA
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that MSG_EXCEPT is Linux-specific
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ Add POSIX.1-2008. Add mention of O_TMPFILE.
+ Update text on various flags that were added in POSIX.1-2008, and
+ whose definitions can, since glibc 2.12, be obtained by suitably
+ defining _POSIX_C_SOURCE or _XOPEN_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer in description to BUGS, for O_ASYNC limitation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty duplicate text on modifying file status flags
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details to descriptions of PTRACE_GETSIGMASK and PTRACE_SETSIGMASK
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marc Lehmann]
+ RETURN VALUE: Fix discussion of treatment of file descriptor sets
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=574370
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove madvise1() from main list
+ madvise1() is one of the system calls that was never
+ implemented, and listed toward the bottom of the page.
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to proc(5) for info on /proc/[pid]/timers
+
+unlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger:]
+ ERRORS: Add EISDIR
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29702
+
+ferror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clearerr(), feof(), and ferror() are also POSIX-conformant
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reuben Thomas]
+ CONFORMING TO: add fileno()
+
+gets.3
+ Ian Abbott
+ SEE ALSO: add fgets(3)
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ SYNOPSIS: s/unsigned/unsigned int/
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small reorganization of text in EXAMPLE
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/unsigned/unsigned int/ in example
+
+stpcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function stpcpy() is thread safe.
+
+stpncpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function stpncpy() is thread safe.
+
+strcat.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions strcat() and strncat() are thread safe.
+
+strchr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions strchr(), strrchr() and strchrnul() are thread safe.
+
+strcmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions strcmp() and strncmp() are thread safe.
+
+strftime.3
+ Brandon Edens
+ Change "week day" to "day of week"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=68861
+
+strstr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function strstr() is thread safe.
+ The function strcasestr() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+strtod.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strtod(), strtof() and strtold() are thread safe
+ with exceptions.
+
+strtoimax.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strtoimax() and strtoumax() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+strtol.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strtol(), strtoll() and strtoq() are thread safe
+ with exceptions.
+
+tcgetpgrp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tcgetpgrp() and tcsetpgrp() are thread safe.
+
+tcgetsid.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function tcgetsid() is thread safe.
+
+core.5
+ Bernhard Walle
+ Mention that %E exists since Linux 3.0
+ '%E' in the 'core_pattern' has been introduced in kernel commit
+ 57cc083ad9e1bfeeb4a0ee831e7bb008c8865bf0 which was included in
+ version 3.0. Add that information to the manual page.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Axel Beckert]
+ Add reference to proc(5) for more details on /proc/filesystems
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=735590
+
+locale.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add locale(7)
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/timers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update discussion of wchan
+ Remove crufty reference to /etc/psdatabase in /proc/PID/stat.
+ Add /proc/PID/wchan.
+
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/737452
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gioele Barabucci]
+ Correct reference to locale(7) (not locale(5))
+ locale(7) is the right place for details of the LC_*
+ environment variables.
+
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/638186
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve references for discussion of locale environment variables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add catopen(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add locale(5)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Prefer "usable" over "useable"
+
+netdevice.7
+ Tilman Schmidt
+ Document SIOCGIFCONF case ifc_req==NULL
+ Add the missing description of the possibility to call SIOCGIFCONF
+ with ifc_req==NULL to determine the needed buffer size, as
+ described in
+ http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0110.1/0506.html
+ and verified against source files net/core/dev_ioctl.c and
+ net/ipv4/devinet.c in the current kernel git tree.
+ This functionality has been present since the beginning of the 2.6
+ series. It's about time it gets documented.
+
+ While I'm at it, also generally clarify the section on
+ SIOCGIFCONF.
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance description of V7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add C11
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe format of tcp_*_congestion_control /proc files
+ Describe format of tcp_allowed_congestion_control and
+ tcp_available_congestion_control.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.58 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-02-11, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Fabrice Bauzac <libnoon@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Network Nut <sillystack@gmail.com>
+Ola Olsson <ola1olsson@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Марк Коренберг <socketpair@gmail.com>
+未卷起的浪 <ayjj_8109@qq.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pipe2() O_DIRECT flag added in Linux 3.4
+
+packet.7
+ Daniel Borkmann
+ Document PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS
+ New in Linux 3.14.
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Simon Paillard
+ Formatting fix: add space between function and () if BR or IR
+ Detected through the regex:
+ git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [\w]*\([\d]*\)$'
+
+Various pages
+ Simon Paillard
+ Formatting fix: add space between word and punctuation if BR or IR
+ Detected through the regex:
+ git grep -P '^\.(BR|IR) [^ ]*[,\.]$'
+
+ Could probably be extended to match more cases and fix in perl.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use Oxford comma
+
+gettid.2
+restart_syscall.2
+passwd.5
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Network Nut]
+ Remove word "minimum" from the description of 'timeout'
+
+epoll_wait.2
+poll.2
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Go into more detail on timeout and when call will cease blocking
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabrice Bauzac]
+ Correct header file is <sys/xattr.h> (not <xattr/xattr.h>)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70141
+
+msgctl.2
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Add note about ignored arg to IPC_RMID
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Марк Коренберг]
+ PR_SET_PDEATHSIG value is preserved across execve(2)
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework and reorganize the text in various parts of the page.
+ Isolate details specific to recv() vs recvfrom() vs recvmsg()
+ Place details specific to each system call under a
+ separate subheading.
+ Rework discussion of 'src_addr' and 'addrlen' for recvfrom()
+ Add description of 'buf' and 'len' in recvfrom() section
+ 'addrlen' should be 0 (*not* NULL) when 'src_addr' is NULL
+ Improve text describing recvfrom() call that is equivalent to recv()
+ Michael Kerrisk [未卷起的浪]
+ Describe the various cases where the return value can be 0
+
+shmctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'buf' is ignored for IPC_RMID
+
+symlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make argument names consistent with symlink(2) page
+
+isalpha.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions isalnum(), isalpha(), isascii(), isblank(),
+ iscntrl(), isdigit(), isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
+ ispunct(), isspace(), isupper() and isxdigit() are thread safe.
+
+isatty.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function isatty() is thread safe.
+
+isgreater.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The macros isgreater(), isgreaterequal(), isless(),
+ islessequal(), islessgreater() and isunordered() are thread safe.
+
+iswalnum.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswalnum() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswalpha.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswalpha() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswblank.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswblank() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswcntrl.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswcntrl() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+lockf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Fix incorrect argument mentioned under EINVAL error
+
+pthread_kill.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+
+pthread_sigmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+
+strtoul.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strtoul(), strtoull() and strtouq() are thread safe
+ with exceptions.
+
+nscd.conf.5
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Add note about default values
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add some further kernel Documentation/sysctl files
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ATTRIBUTES sections come after VERSIONS
+ Peng Haitao has consistently ordered the ATTRIBUTES after
+ VERSIONS, so adjust the text in man-pages.7
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add words "virtual dynamic shared object" in DESCRIPTION
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.59 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-02-16, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Weizhou Pan <cs.wzpan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan]
+ Convert pages containing non-ASCII in source code comments to use UTF-8
+ Done using a slightly modified version of Peter Schiffer's
+ convert_to_utf_8.sh script. The script was modified so as *not*
+ a "coding:" marker to the groff source. For now, we'll only put
+ that marker on pages that contain non-ASCII characters in the
+ rendered text.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807
+
+armscii-8.7
+cp1251.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-10.7
+iso_8859-11.7
+iso_8859-13.7
+iso_8859-14.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-16.7
+iso_8859-2.7
+iso_8859-3.7
+iso_8859-4.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+iso_8859-6.7
+iso_8859-7.7
+iso_8859-8.7
+iso_8859-9.7
+koi8-r.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Weizhou Pan]
+ Convert pages containing non-ASCII to use UTF-8
+ Done using Peter Schiffer's convert_to_utf_8.sh script.
+ These pages containing non-ASCII in the rendered characters, and
+ so the script inserts a "coding:" marker into the groff source.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=60807
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.60 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-02-18, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Kalle Olavi Niemitalo <kon@iki.fi>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+sigvec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kalle Olavi Niemitalo]
+ Fix error in code snippet
+ s/sigpause/sigmask/
+
+armscii-8.7
+cp1251.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-10.7
+iso_8859-11.7
+iso_8859-13.7
+iso_8859-14.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-16.7
+iso_8859-2.7
+iso_8859-3.7
+iso_8859-4.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+iso_8859-6.7
+iso_8859-7.7
+iso_8859-8.7
+iso_8859-9.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
+ Remove comment that glyphs in column 4 may not display correctly
+ With the conversion to UTF-8, the glyphs in column 4 of the
+ tables in these pages will display regardless of whether the
+ environment is configured for the corresponding character set.
+
+iso_8859-11.7
+iso_8859-13.7
+ D. Barbier [Simon Paillard]
+ Fix encoding mistakes in 5f7f4042b8848127d852c6fa7c02e31ccfaeeae5
+ Fixed via:
+
+ for f in iso_8859-11 iso_8859-13; do
+ cp man7/$f.7 $f
+ iconv -f utf8 -t latin1 $f | iconv -f iso-${f#iso_} -t utf8 > man7/$f.7
+ done
+
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.61 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-02-26, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+Duncan de Wet <duncandewet@gmail.com>
+Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Sulaiman Mustafa <seininn@hush.com>
+Xiawei Chen <chenxiawei@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+A note from Christoph Hellwig prompted me to perform a task that has
+been queued for a while: merging the text of the man pages for the
+*at([23]) ("directory file descriptor") APIs into their corresponding
+traditional pages. When the *at([23]) pages were originally written
+(mostly in 2006), the APIs were not part of POSIX and (in most cases)
+were not available on other systems. So, it made some sense to wall
+them off into their own separate pages. Eight years later, with the
+APIs now all in POSIX (except scandirat()), it is much more sensible
+to document the newer APIs alongside their traditional counterparts,
+so that the newer APIs are not "hidden", and the reader can more
+easily see the differences between the APIs.
+
+Thus, the text of 14 pairs of pages has been merged, and the "merged
+from" pages have been converted to links to the "merged to" pages.
+Along the way, a few other fixes were made to the pages, as noted
+below.
+
+One page that did not undergo such a change was utimensat(2), which
+is different enough from utime(2) that it warrants a separate page.
+Unlike the other *at() pages, the utimensat(2) page was also already
+self-contained, rather than defining itself in terms of differences
+from utime(2) as the other *at() pages did.
+
+access.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text from faccessat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove faccessat() race warning
+ That point is already covered in existing text in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ access() also conforms to POSIX.1-2008
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text from fchmodat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
+ (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: chmod() and fchmod() are also in POSIX.1-2008
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of fchownat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
+ (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove sentence that fchownat() is present on Solaris
+ That point was only really relevant before fchownat() was
+ standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: chown(), fchown(), lchown() are in POSIX.1-2008
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of linkat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: link() is in POSIX.1-2008
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ AT_EMPTY_PATH is Linux-specific and requires _GNU_SOURCE
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of mkdirat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: mkdir() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of mknodat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: mknod(2) is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text from openat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove sentence that openat() is present on Solaris
+ That point was only really relevant before openat() was
+ standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of readlinkat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: readlink() is in POSIX.1-2008.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
+ (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of renameat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: rename(2) is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text from fstatat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ AT_EMPTY_PATH and AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT are Linux-specific
+ These flags require _GNU_SOURCE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use argument name 'pathname' throughout page
+ (Some APIs were using 'path' while others used 'pathname')
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove sentence that fstatat() is present on Solaris
+ That point was only really relevant before fstatat() was
+ standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: stat(), fstat(), lstat() are specified in POSIX.1-2008
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of symlinkat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: symlink() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of unlinkat(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove sentence that unlinkat() is present on Solaris
+ That point was only really relevant before unlinkat() was
+ standardized in POSIX.1.2008.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: unlink() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+mkfifo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of mkfifoat(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: mkfifo() is in POSIX.1-2008
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Merge text of scandirat(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ The FTM requirements changed in glibc 2.10.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove libc4/libc5 note under CONFORMING TO
+ No-one much cares about Linux libc these days.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put detail about alphasort under a NOTES heading
+ This text was under CONFORMING TO, which made no sense.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework CONFORMING TO text
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+prctl.2
+ Kir Kolyshkin
+ Document PR_SET_MM options in Linux 3.5
+ Some of the PR_SET_MM options were merged to vanilla kernel
+ later, and appeared in Linux 3.5. Those are:
+
+ - PR_SET_MM_ARG_START
+ - PR_SET_MM_ARG_END
+ - PR_SET_MM_ENV_START
+ - PR_SET_MM_ENV_END
+ - PR_SET_MM_AUXV
+ - PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
+
+socket.7
+ Neil Horman
+ Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+faccessat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to access.2
+
+fchmodat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to chmod.2
+
+fchownat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to chown.2
+
+fstatat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to stat.2
+
+linkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to link.2
+
+mkdirat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to mkdir.2
+
+mknodat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to mknod.2
+
+openat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to open.2
+
+readlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to symlink.2
+
+renameat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link rename.2
+
+symlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to symlink.2
+
+unlinkat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to unlink.2
+
+mkfifoat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to mkfifo.3
+
+scandirat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to link to scandir.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics of alarm with respect to fork() and execve()
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that F_GETLK info may already be out of date when the call returns
+
+intro.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe policy on documenting differences between syscall and glibc API
+
+mmap2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword note on glibc mmap() wrapper invocation of mmap2()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This system call does not exist on x86-64
+
+msgctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for unprivileged attempt to set msg_qbytes > MSGMNB
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Xiawei Chen]
+ Clarify that PR_GET_TIMERSLACK is returned as the function result
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that PR_GET_SECCOMP is returned as function result
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS is returned as function result
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Hunter]
+ Make it clearer that glibc and syscall APIs differ for PTRACE_PEEK*
+ Thanks to Denys Vlasenko's additions in 78686915aed6bd12
+ this page does note that the glibc API for PTRACE_PEEK*
+ differs from the raw syscall interface. But, as the report
+ at https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=70801 shows,
+ this information could be more obvious. This patch makes its so.
+
+sgetmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that these system calls don't exist on x86-64
+
+swapon.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL cases into separate entries under ERRORS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EINVAL error for invalid flags to swapon()
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add intro(2)
+
+umount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL cases into separate items
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EINVAL case that was new in 2.6.34
+
+utime.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note that modern applications probably want utimensat(2) etc.
+
+crypt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
+ ERRORS: Add EINVAL and EPERM errors
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=69771
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance example program
+ Print statistics for AF_PACKET interfaces.
+ Add missing feature test macro definition.
+ Reformat output.
+
+iswctype.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function iswctype() is thread safe.
+
+sem_post.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sem_post() is thread safe.
+
+sem_unlink.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sem_unlink() is thread safe.
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions sem_wait(), sem_trywait() and sem_timedwait() are
+ thread safe.
+
+setbuf.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions setbuf(), setbuffer(), setlinebuf() and setvbuf()
+ are thread safe.
+
+strlen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strlen() is thread safe.
+
+strnlen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strnlen() is thread safe.
+
+strpbrk.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strpbrk() is thread safe.
+
+strsep.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strsep() is thread safe.
+
+swab.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function swab() is thread safe.
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ DESCRIPTION: mention that the data is trusted
+ In a recent discussion about DNSSEC it was brought to my
+ attention that not all system administrators may understand
+ that the information in /etc/resolv.conf is fully trusted.
+ The resolver implementation in glibc treats /etc/resolv.conf
+ as a fully trusted source of DNS information and passes on
+ the AD-bit for DNSSEC as trusted.
+
+ This patch adds a clarifying sentence to make it absolutely
+ clear that indeed this source of information is trusted.
+
+ascii.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sulaiman Mustafa]
+ Fix rendering of single quote (decimal character 39)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add utf-8(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Duncan de Wet]
+ Remove mention of ISO 8859-1 as being the default encoding on Linux
+
+packet.7
+ Neil Horman
+ Document PACKET_FANOUT_QM fanout mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version for PACKET_FANOUT_QM
+ Daniel Borkmann
+ Improve PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS description
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version number for SO_BUSY_POLL
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.62 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-03-11, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
+Marius Gaubas <marius@livejournalinc.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [review from Mike Frysinger]
+ New page describing locale(1)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+locale.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_ADDRESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_IDENTIFICATION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_MEASUREMENT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_NAME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_PAPER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_TELEPHONE
+
+
+Removed Pages
+-------------
+
+sync.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig, Pádraig Brady]
+ Sometime in the 20th century (before my watch), a sync(8)
+ page into man-pages. It documents the sync command from
+ "fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the
+ piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2)
+ that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages
+ project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
+ (g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really
+ belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
+ covers the same command. After discussions on the
+ coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
+ man-pages.
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CLONE_THREAD also in effect requires CLONE_VM
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marius Gaubas]
+ Warn the reader that the 'stat' structure definition is not precise
+ Padding fields aren't shown, and the order of fields varies
+ somewhat across architectures.
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant FTM requirements
+ _GNU_SOURCE implies _SVID_SOURCE and _BSD_SOURCE, so
+
+ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _GNU_SOURCE
+
+ is the same as
+
+ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
+
+getutmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add utmpdump(1)
+
+log1p.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions log1p(), log1pf() and log1pl() are thread safe.
+
+logb.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions logb(), logbf() and logbl() are thread safe.
+
+memccpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memccpy() is thread safe.
+
+memchr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions memchr(), memrchr() and rawmemchr() are thread safe.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make warning not to use this function more prominent
+
+qecvt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ Recommend snprintf(3) not sprintf(3)
+
+raise.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function raise() is thread safe.
+
+remove.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function remove() is thread safe.
+
+sem_destroy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sem_destroy() is thread safe.
+
+sem_getvalue.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sem_getvalue() is thread safe.
+
+sem_init.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sem_init() is thread safe.
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sockatmark() is thread safe.
+
+strcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions strcpy() and strncpy() are thread safe.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley]
+ Fix a bug, and improve discussion of forcing termination with strncpy()
+
+strspn.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions strspn() and strcspn() are thread safe.
+
+tempnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make warning not to use this function more prominent
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recommend use mkstemp(3) or tmpfile(3) instead
+
+locale.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add intro section that lists all of the LC categories
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'p_cs_precedes' is for *positive* values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'; simplify 'n_sign_posn'
+ Add initial sentence for 'p_sign_posn' and 'n_sign_posn'.
+ Remove repeated list for 'n_sign_posn'.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_MESSAGES 'yesstr' and 'nostr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify LC_MONETARY 'n_cs_precedes'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LC_MONETARY: Document 'int_p_sign_posn' and 'int_n_sign_posn'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify/rework 'p_cs_precedes' and 'n_cs_precedes'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_sep_by_space' and 'int_n_sep_by_space'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to POSIX.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LC_MONETARY: document 'int_p_cs_precedes' and 'int_n_cs_precedes'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify/simplify 'n_sep_by_space'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LC_TIME: document 'cal_direction' and 'date_fmt'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify 'p_sep_by_space'
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated in glibc 2.20
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE implicitly defines other macros
+ Saying that _GNU_SOURCE has the "effects of" other macros is not
+ quite precise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword glibc version for _ISOC95_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _ISOC99_SOURCE also exposes C95 definitions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _ISOC11_SOURCE implies the effects of _ISOC99_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version number for _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C99/C95
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L causes C95 definitions to be
+ exposed only since glibc 2.12 and C99 definitions only
+ since 2.10.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE may implicitly define _POSIX_SOURCE and _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword glibc version for _ISOC99_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of _ISOC99_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L implies C95 and C95 features
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.63 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-03-18, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Corrado Zoccolo <czoccolo@gmail.com>
+Gregory P. Smith <gps@google.com>
+Joseph S. Myers <joseph@codesourcery.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Phillip Susi <psusi@ubuntu.com>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Zhu Yanhai <zhu.yanhai@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+duplocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting duplocale(3)
+
+newlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ New page documenting newlocale(3) and freelocale(3)
+
+towlower.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite description of towlower() to be simpler and clearer
+
+towupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite description of towupper() to be simpler and clearer
+
+uselocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting uselocale(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document O_DSYNC and rewrite discussion of O_SYNC
+
+isalpha.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "_l" locale APIs
+ The GNU C library v2.3 added some locale APIs, most of which
+ were later specified in POSIX.1-2008, namely:
+
+ isalnum_l()
+ isalpha_l()
+ isblank_l()
+ iscntrl_l()
+ isdigit_l()
+ isgraph_l()
+ islower_l()
+ isprint_l()
+ ispunct_l()
+ isspace_l()
+ isupper_l()
+ isxdigit_l()
+ isascii_l()
+
+ Also update and correct various pieces in CONFORMING TO
+ (and remove a few crufty old pieces there).
+
+strerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document strerror_l()
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document toupper_l() and tolower_l()
+
+towlower.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document towlower_l()
+
+towupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document towupper_l()
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid
+
+locale.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document LC_ADDRESS
+ Document LC_IDENTIFICATION
+ Document LC_MEASUREMENT
+ Document LC_NAME
+ Document LC_PAPER
+ Document LC_TELEPHONE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+freelocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new newlocale.3 page
+
+isalnum_l.3
+isascii_l.3
+isblank_l.3
+iscntrl_l.3
+isdigit_l.3
+isgraph_l.3
+islower_l.3
+isprint_l.3
+ispunct_l.3
+isspace_l.3
+isupper_l.3
+isxdigit_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to isalpha.3
+
+tolower_l.3
+toupper_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to toupper.3
+
+towlower_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to towlower.3
+
+towupper_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to towupper.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global change: "upper case" ==> "uppercase", "lower case" ==> lowercase"
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add blkid(1)
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document two MSG_COPY failure modes
+ Since Linux 3.14, the kernel now diagnoses two errors
+ when using msgrcv() MSG_COPY:
+ * MSG_COPY must be specified with IPC_NOWAIT
+ * MSG_COPY can't be specified with MSG_EXCEPT
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Organize some material under additional subheadings in NOTES
+ There's an amorphous mass of material under NOTES. Structure
+ it with some subheadings, and do a little reorganizing.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add other system calls and functions that are like openat()
+ fanotify_mark(2), name_to_handle_at(2), and scandirat(3) have a
+ directory file descriptor argument for the same reason as openat().
+ Also: reword the rationale for the *at() functions somewhat.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify ELOOP error interaction with O_PATH
+
+readahead.2
+ Phillip Susi [Corrado Zoccolo, Gregory P. Smith, Zhu Yanhai, Michael Kerrisk, Christoph Hellwig]
+ Don't claim the call blocks until all data has been read
+ The readahead(2) man page was claiming that the call blocks until
+ all data has been read into the cache. This is incorrect.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54271
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ls(1) and stat(1)
+
+fts.3
+ Christoph Hellwig [Michael Kerrisk]
+ The fts(3) API does not work with LFS builds
+ As pointed out during a recent discussion on libc-hacker the
+ fts(3) APIs can't be used with large file offsets:
+
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=15838
+
+mbrtowc.3
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+mbsrtowcs.3
+mbtowc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add entries in SEE ALSO
+ Mainly inspired by the POSIX pages.
+
+mbsinit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mbrlen(3), mbrtowc(3), and wcrtomb(3)
+
+mbsrtowcs.3
+wcsrtombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mbsinit(3)
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Puiu]
+ Add example program
+ And add some SEE ALSO entries
+
+memcmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memcmp() is thread safe.
+
+memcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memcpy() is thread safe.
+
+memfrob.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memfrob() is thread safe.
+
+memmem.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memmem() is thread safe.
+
+memmove.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memmove() is thread safe.
+
+mempcpy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions mempcpy() and wmempcpy() are thread safe.
+
+memset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function memset() is thread safe.
+
+strerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: strerror() and strerror_r() are in POSIX.1-2008
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SS heading for strerror_r()
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to more explicitly bring locales into the discussion
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Retitle BUGS section to NOTES
+ These are not really bugs, just background info.
+
+wcrtomb.3
+wcsnrtombs.3
+wcsrtombs.3
+wcstombs.3
+wctomb.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add various entries
+ Mainly inspired by POSIX
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document core_pattern %d specifier
+ Document %P core_pattern specifier
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rearrange core_pattern specifiers alphabetically
+
+locale.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph S. Myers]
+ Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE macro
+ The _ISOC95_SOURCE macro is defined in <features.h>, but it
+ does nothing. So remove discussion of it, and move some of
+ the discussion of C95 under the _ISOC99_SOURCE subhead.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Add packaging note for _BSD_SOURCE/_SVID_SOURCE/_DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ To compile warning-free across glibc < 2.20 and glibc >= 2.20
+ code may been to define both _DEFAULT_SOURCE and either
+ _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword description of C90
+
+locale.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection on POSIX.1-2008 (originally GNU) extensions to locale API
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to LI18NUX2000
+ LI18NUX2000 is difficult to even find these days, and in any case
+ this page does not document gettext(), so notes about gettext()
+ in the CONFORMING TO section here make no sense.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mbstowcs(3) and wcstombs(3)
+ SEE ALSO: add newlocale(3) + duplocale(3)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preferred term "superblock"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preferred terms "uppercase" and "lowercase"
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.64 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-04-06, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Abhay Sachan <sachan.abhay@gmail.com>
+Alexey Samsonov <samsonov@google.com>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger, Neil Brown, Aneesh Kumar K.V,
+ Christoph Hellwig]
+ New page describing name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2)
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite introductory section
+ Reorganize "Limitations and caveats" subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further describe the race when adding a watch to a new subtree
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Directory renames may invalidate multiple paths cached by application
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add paragraph on cache consistency checking
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cache rebuilding to handle overflow events
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Moving an object to another filesystem generates IN_DELETE_SELF
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Kara]
+ Add text on dealing with rename() events
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note rationale and consequences of event coalescing
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Inotify doesn't work for remote and pseudo filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some examples of events generated by various system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: IN_ONESHOT does now cause IN_IGNORED when the watch is dropped
+ A silent change as a result of the fanotify work in kernel 2.6.36.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that IN_DELETE_SELF will be followed by IN_IGNORED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that IN_UNMOUNT will be followed by an IN_IGNORED event
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Inotify does not report events for mmap(2) and msync(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_ATTRIB
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some examples of syscalls that trigger IN_MODIFY
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ execve(2) also generates IN_ACCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add examples of syscalls that trigger IN_CREATE
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC flag
+ The Linux 3.14 release adds support for the PERF_FLAG_FD_CLOEXEC
+ flag.
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document _LARGEFILE_SOURCE
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
+ Document /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_autocorking
+ Text heavily based on Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+name_to_handle_at.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new open_by_handle_at(2) page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+fmemopen.3
+getaddrinfo.3
+mq_notify.3
+offsetof.3
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Print size_t/ssize_t values using %z printf() modifier
+ There are fewer and fewer systems these days that don't
+ support the %z specifier mandated in C99. So replace the
+ use of %ld/%lu + (long) cast with %zd/%zu.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bdflush.2
+fsync.2
+sync.2
+ Kir Kolyshkin
+ SEE ALSO: remove update(8) reference
+ Remove reference to update(8) man page, since there is no such
+ page. This is an ancient BSD leftover I believe.
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used
+
+getxattr.2
+ Abhay Sachan
+ Fix RETURN VALUE description
+ A EA can have length zero.
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add ENAMETOOLONG
+
+inotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to inotify(7)
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When AT_EMPTY_PATH is specified, 'olddirfd' must not refer to a
+ directory
+
+mmap.2
+ Andrey Vagin
+ The file descriptor for a file mapping must be readable
+ There is no difference between MAP_SHARED and MAP_PRIVATE.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open_by_name_at(2)
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD behavior change
+ Linux 3.14 (in commit bad7192b842c83e580747ca57104dd51fe08c223)
+ changes the perf_event PERF_EVENT_IOC_PERIOD ioctl() behavior
+ on all architectures to update immediately, to match the behavior
+ found on ARM.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'dirfd' can be AT_FDCWD when AT_EMPTY_PATH is used
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add sched_getattr() and sched_setattr()
+ And update kernel version to 3.14
+
+abort.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function abort() is thread safe.
+
+confstr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), fpathconf(3), sysconf(3), pathconf(3)
+
+exit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function exit() is not thread safe.
+
+fenv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions feclearexcept(), fegetexceptflag(), feraiseexcept(),
+ fesetexceptflag(), fetestexcept(), fegetround(), fesetround(),
+ fegetenv(), feholdexcept(), fesetenv(), feupdateenv(),
+ feenableexcept(), fedisableexcept() and fegetexcept() are thread
+ safe.
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add confstr(3)
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Gajdos]
+ Document EINVAL error for negative file offset
+
+fseeko.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Remove mention of "32-bit systems" in BUGS
+
+fwide.3
+wprintf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Remove mention of bogus _ISOC95_SOURCE feature test macro
+
+getline.3
+ Alexey Samsonov
+ Caller should free the allocated buffer even if getline() failed
+ Relevant discussion in glibc bugzilla:
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5666
+
+getloadavg.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getloadavg() is thread safe.
+
+getpt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getpt() is thread safe.
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions if_nametoindex() and if_indextoname() are thread safe.
+
+index.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions index() and rindex() are thread safe.
+
+mkfifo.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions mkfifo() and mkfifoat() are thread safe.
+
+netlink.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: make the reference for libnetlink the libnetlink(3) man page
+
+random.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions random(), srandom(), initstate() and setstate()
+ are thread safe.
+
+random_r.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions random_r(), srandom_r(), initstate_r() and
+ setstate_r() are thread safe.
+
+sigvec.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions sigvec(), sigblock(), sigsetmask() and
+ siggetmask() are thread safe.
+
+ The macro sigmask() is thread safe.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add confstr(3)
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Fix error in discussion of MIN > 0, TIME == 0 noncanonical mode
+ As reported by Peter Hurley, for the MIN > 0, TIME == 0 case:
+
+ read() may unblock when MIN bytes are available but return
+ up to the 'count' parameter if more input arrives in between
+ waking and copying into the user buffer.
+ ...
+ read() may also _not_ return until MIN bytes have been
+ received, even if 'count' bytes have been received.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on interaction of O_NONBLOCK with noncanonical MIN/TIME
+ POSIX leaves the behavior open.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify termination conditions for MIN > 0, TIME > 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify behavior if data is available before noncanonical read()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add descriptive titles to noncanonical read() cases
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection on opening a symbolic link with O_PATH
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ name_to_handle_at(2) and open_by_handle_at(2) optionally follow symlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of readlink(2) to read contents of a symlink
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.65 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-04-20, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
+Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
+Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Craig McQueen <craig.mcqueen@beamcommunications.com>
+Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Greg Troxel <gdt@ir.bbn.com>
+Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@chromium.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Richard Hansen <rhansen@bbn.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+inet_net_pton.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing inet_net_pton(3) and inet_net_ntop(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Namjae Jeon [Christoph Hellwig, Dave Chinner]
+ Document FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Thorlton]
+ Document PR_SET_THP_DISABLE and PR_GET_THP_DISABLE
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/stack
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/clear_refs
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+inet_net_ntop.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new inet_net_pton.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the race when O_CLOEXEC is used at same time as fork()+execve()
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: see prctl(2)
+ Because of PR_SET_THP_DISABLE.
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe treatment of MCL_FUTURE during fork(2) and execve(2)
+
+msync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Hansen, Greg Troxel]
+ Warn that one of MS_SYNC or MS_ASYNC is required
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the race that O_CLOEXEC is designed to avoid
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Dempsky]
+ Remove crufty text stating that O_DIRECTORY is Linux-specific
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which filesystems support O_TMPFILE
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify EACCES and EPERM errors
+ Clarify the reasons for EACCES and EPERM errors.
+ Vince Weaver [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Make the ERRORS section more comprehensive.
+ Determined both by code inspection and by writing a large
+ number of test programs.
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Available execution domains are listed in <sys/personality.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix discussion of return value
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_TIMING
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL for PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of SHMMNI default value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value of SHMMAX
+ Note default value for SHMALL
+
+byteorder.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions htonl(), htons(), ntohl() and ntohs() are thread
+ safe.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
+ If 'fd' is a close-on-exec file descriptor for a script, fexecve() fails
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74481
+
+ffs.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions ffs(), ffsl() and ffsll() are thread safe.
+
+getauxval.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getauxval() is thread safe.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getcontext() and setcontext() are thread safe.
+
+getsubopt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getsubopt() is thread safe.
+
+getutmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getutmp() and getutmpx() are thread safe.
+
+inet.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note success and error return for inet_aton()
+
+inet.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Craig McQueen]
+ The form 'a.b' if is suitable for Class A addresses (not class C)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inet_net_pton(3)
+
+makecontext.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions makecontext() and swapcontext() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setdetachstate() and
+ pthread_attr_getdetachstate() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setguardsize() and
+ pthread_attr_getguardsize() are thread safe.
+
+sigsetops.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions sigemptyset(), sigfillset(), sigaddset(),
+ sigdelset(), sigismember(), sigisemptyset(), sigorset() and
+ sigandset() are thread safe.
+
+proc.5
+ Petr Gajdos
+ Improve /proc/[pid]/smaps entries description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/smaps is present only if CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{shmall,shmmax}
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version for /proc/sys/kernel/{msgmax,msgmnb}
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add capsh(1)
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add musl libc
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.66 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-05-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alan Curry <rlwinm@sdf.org>
+Carsten Andrich <carsten.andrich@tu-ilmenau.de>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Eric Siegerman <pub08-knl@davor.org>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jan Moskyto Matejka <mq@suse.cz>
+John Marshall <jm18@sanger.ac.uk>
+Lukáš Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
+Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
+Stijn Hinterding <contact@stijnhinterding.nl>
+Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting fanotify_init(2)
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting fanotify_mark(2)
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Page rewritten
+ Stripped out the general scheduling material, which
+ moved to sched(7), and rewrote much of the remainder.
+ Changed copyright and license since pretty much all
+ of the content was or is written by mtk.
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page providing overview of the fanotify API
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page providing an overview of the scheduling APIs
+ Most of this content derives from sched_setscheduler(2). In
+ preparation for adding a sched_setattr(2) page, it makes
+ sense to isolate out this general content to a separate
+ page that is referred to by the other scheduling pages.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fallocate.2
+ Lukas Czerner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+ FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in Linux 3.14,
+ for zeroing ranges in the allocated space in a file.
+
+rename.2
+ Miklos Szeredi [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document renameat2() system call added in Linux 3.15
+
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SHM_EXEC
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Employ term "open file description" in DESCRIPTION
+ And include reference to open(2) for an explanation of the term.
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+
+getsockopt.2
+ Carsten Andrich
+ SEE ALSO: add packet(7)
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
+ Document ENOENT error for linkat()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301
+
+msgget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword EEXIST error
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability required to raise MQ size beyond MSGMNB
+
+msync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ s/flushes... back to disk/flushes... back to filesystem/
+
+nice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+
+open.2
+ Peter Schiffer
+ Update note on alignment of user buffer and file offset for O_DIRECT
+ The sentence in open(2) man page in notes for O_DIRECT flag:
+
+ "Under Linux 2.6, alignment to 512-byte boundaries suffices."
+
+ is not universally correct. The alignment is a property of the
+ storage, for example, 4k-sector drives with no 512 byte sector
+ emulation will be unable to perform 512-byte direct I/O.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some of the various synonyms for "open file description"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove repetitious text on use of fcntl() to change file status flags
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention FreeBSD analogs
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Siegerman]
+ Fix wording error under "Architecture-specific variants"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75431
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stijn Hinterding]
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+ The _GNU_SOURCE FTM must be defined.
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates
+ This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit
+ 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4
+ See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458
+
+sched_get_priority_max.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
+
+sched_rr_get_interval.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small changes consistent with migration of content to sched(7)
+
+semget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate discussion on noninitialization of semaphores
+ The fact that semget() does not initialize the semaphores
+ in a new set was covered in two places (in DESCRIPTION
+ and BUGS). Consolidate these into one place (in NOTES)
+ and also point out that POSIX.1-2008 says that a future
+ version of the standard may require an implementation to
+ initialize the semaphores to 0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify SEMMNS versus SEMMSL*SEMMNI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework EINVAL text a little
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify wording for EEXIST error
+
+shmget.2
+ Manfred Spraul
+ Clarify SHMALL
+ The default for SHMALL is a limit of 8 GB, regardless of
+ PAGE_SIZE. The current documentation does not mention that
+ and is therefore more difficult to understand than necessary.
+ Manfred Spraul
+ Correct math error
+ 2097152 is 2^21, not 2^20.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword EEXIST error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify one of the EINVAL cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that SHM_NORESERVE is a Linux extension
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
+ Fix kernel version numbers in discussion of SHMALL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework EINVAL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move and rework discussion of mode bits
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword description of O_EXCL
+
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move fork(2), execve(2), _exit(2) discussion to NOTES
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subheads for shmat() and shmdt()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SHM_RDONLY and SHM_REMAP into list format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Structure the attach cases as a list
+
+sigaction.2
+ Alan Curry
+ Fix bad cross reference (times(2) not time(2))
+ The system call that reports child CPU usage is times(2),
+ not time(2).
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
+ Document ENOENT error for symlinkat()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73301
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add renameat2()
+ And bump kernel version.
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: detail nonatomicity bug with respect to file offset updates
+ This bug was fixed in Linux 3.14, with commit
+ 9c225f2655e36a470c4f58dbbc99244c5fc7f2d4
+ See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1649458
+
+pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setinheritsched() and
+ pthread_attr_getinheritsched() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setschedparam() and
+ pthread_attr_getschedparam() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setschedpolicy() and
+ pthread_attr_getschedpolicy() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setscope.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setscope() and pthread_attr_getscope()
+ are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setstack.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setstack() and pthread_attr_getstack()
+ are thread safe.
+
+sched_getcpu.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov]
+ Rework intro text for 'c_oflag'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ OFDEL is in POSIX.1-2001, so remove "(Not in POSIX)" text
+
+proc.5
+ Jan Moskyto Matejka [Randy Dunlap]
+ Improve description of /proc/stat 'intr' field
+ The sum at the beginning of line "intr" includes also
+ unnumbered interrupts.
+
+packet.7
+ Carsten Andrich [Neil Horman]
+ Improve sockopt documentation for packet sockets
+ Carsten Andrich [Willem de Bruijn]
+ PACKET_LOSS has inverse meaning
+ Stefan Puiu [Daniel Borkmann, Carsten Andrich]
+ Status in PACKET_RX_RING is actually a bit mask
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Andrich]
+ SEE ALSO: add /tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket.c
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.67 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-05-21, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Aurelien Jarno <aurelien@aurel32.net>
+Bill Allombert <ballombe@debian.org>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Steven Stewart-Gallus <sstewartgallus00@mylangara.bc.ca>
+Török Edwin <edwin@etorok.net>
+William Morriss <wjmelements@gmail.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Peter Zijlstra [Juri Lelli]
+ New page describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2)
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrote large parts of the page and added a number of details
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+sched.7
+ Peter Zijlstra, Michael Kerrisk [Juri Lelli]
+ Document SCHED_DEADLINE
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+renameat2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to rename.2
+
+sched_getattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new sched_setattr
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add some subheadings
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [William Morriss]
+ ERRORS: Add EADDRNOTAVAIL for ephemeral port range exhaustion
+ Verified from testing and the kernel source.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=745775
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of ip_local_port_range under EAGAIN error
+
+create_module.2
+delete_module.2
+init_module.2
+query_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lucas De Marchi]
+ Clarify glibc header file declaration/ABI wrapper details
+ create_module(), delete_module(), init_module(), and
+ query_module() are not declared in header files, but
+ through an accident of history glibc provides an ABI
+ for them that it continues to maintain, for
+ compatibility reasons.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Stewart-Gallus]
+ Note SIGKILL case when execve() fails beyond the point of no return
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a subheading and reorder paragraphs
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document range of permitted flags for event_f_flags
+ With a new patch included in the mm tree, event_f_flags is
+ checked for allowable values.
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "file locking" subheading under NOTES
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN
+ SCHED_DEADLINE tasks can fail with EAGAIN unless the
+ reset-on-fork flag is set.
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper
+
+getpriority.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes for getpriority() and setpriority()
+ The who argument has type id_t (which happens to be u32 on linux).
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add <sys/types.h> to synopsis of get_robust_list()
+ If one were to implement wrappers for [gs]et_robust_list() using the
+ given prototypes, one would also have to include sys/types.h to get
+ a definition of size_t.
+
+getrusage.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill Allombert]
+ _GNU_SOURCE must be defined to obtain RUSAGE_THREAD definition
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=746569
+
+link.2
+open.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update AT_EMPTY_PATH and O_PATH documentation
+
+listen.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EADDRINUSE for ephemeral port range exhaustion
+
+mbind.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for mbind(2)
+ The nmask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long.
+ (Well, at least <numaif.h> says nmask is const. The current kernel
+ does not define it as a const argument, but sys_mbind() only
+ passes it to get_nodes(), which does treat it as const.)
+
+msgop.2
+ Davidlohr Bueso [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Enhance description of "full queue" criteria
+
+poll.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add <signal.h> to synopsis for ppoll()
+ One needs to #include <signal.h> to get the definition of the
+ type (sigset_t) of the mask argument to ppoll().
+
+readlink.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix return type of readlinkat()
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of msg_name and msg_namelen fields
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe timeout bug
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=75371
+ and http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.man/5677
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Christoph Hellwig, Andy Lutomirski]
+ remap_file_pages() has no benefit for real files
+ Linux commit 3ee6dafc677a68e461a7ddafc94a580ebab80735 caused
+ remap_file_pages to be emulated when used on real file.
+
+sched_get_priority_max.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'policy' can also be SCHED_DEADLINE
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for sched_setaffinity()
+ The mask argument is const.
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: mark errors that apply just for sched_setparam()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EINVAL for invalid arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched_setattr(2)
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: mark errors that apply just to sched_setscheduler()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL case for pid < 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: separate out EINVAL cases
+
+semget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add subheadings and reorder paragraphs
+
+semop.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes for semop() and semtimedop()
+ The nsops arguments have type size_t, not unsigned, and the
+ timeout argument of semtimedop() is const.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a subheading
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on various 'msghdr' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EAGAIN for ephemeral port range exhaustion
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some subheadings under DESCRIPTION
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a subheading
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno]
+ Describe feature test macro requirements for file type test macros
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728240
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update FTM requirements for lstat()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split discussion of 'st_mode' fields into type and permissions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text on S_I*() macros to follow text on S_I* macros
+ That ordering is more logical
+
+stime.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for stime()
+ The argument is const, both according to the actual header files and
+ according to <http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/vol1a.pdf>.
+
+syscall.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for syscall()
+ The first argument and the return value of syscall() has type long,
+ not int.
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: Add subheadings to distinguish the two example programs
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword text referring to mallopt(3)
+ Linux libc is no longer "recent"; drop mention of it.
+
+pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
+pthread_setaffinity_np.3
+pthread_setschedparam.3
+pthread_setschedprio.3
+pthread_yield.3
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change references to "sched_setscheduler(2)" to "sched(7)"
+ Change consistent with the fact that the scheduling overview
+ page is now sched(7) not sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setstackaddr() and
+ pthread_attr_getstackaddr() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_attr_setstacksize() and
+ pthread_attr_getstacksize() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_kill.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_kill() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_kill_other_threads_np() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_self.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_self() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_setcancelstate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add paragraph breaks to "Asynchronous cancelability" subsection
+
+pthread_setcancelstate.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_setcancelstate() and
+ pthread_setcanceltype() are thread safe.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add some subheadings
+
+pthread_setschedparam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_setschedparam() and pthread_getschedparam()
+ are thread safe.
+
+pthread_setschedprio.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_setschedprio() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_sigmask.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_sigmask() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_sigqueue() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_testcancel.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_testcancel() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_yield() is thread safe.
+
+remquo.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions remquo(), remquof() and remquol() are thread safe.
+
+rtime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function rtime() is thread safe.
+
+sched_getcpu.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function sched_getcpu() is thread safe.
+
+stpcpy.3
+ Ingo Schwarze
+ Note some history of stpcpy()
+ Quoting Ingo:
+ I just noticed that the stpcpy(3) manual contains a speculation
+ that appears to be untrue on closer investigation: That function
+ did not originate in MS DOS, but in Lattice C on AmigaDOS.
+
+ Here is a patch against the git master HEAD to fix that, and add
+ some more historical information. To provide some background and
+ allow you to more easily verify the correctness of the patch, i'm
+ appending my mail to <misc@openbsd.org>, where i'm giving some
+ more details about the history and pointing to some primary
+ sources. That mail also contains the (similar, but shorter)
+ patch i just committed to the OpenBSD manual page.
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Aurelien Jarno, Török Edwin]
+ Explain why strcasecmp()+strncasecmp() are also declared in <string.h>
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=729436
+
+strcpy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add a subheading
+
+fd.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik]
+ Fix floppy disk device names
+ The naming convention shown in the page was ancient.
+ Now, the page is consistent with Documentation/devices.txt
+ (where it is noted that "The use of the capital letters
+ D, H and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
+ the drive type is insignificant for these devices"
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/timer_stats
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document /proc/timer_list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/sys/kernel/{sched_rt_period_us,sched_rt_runtime_us}
+ Reference sched(7) for an explanation of these two files
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention sched_setattr(2) under CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+cpuset.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention sched_getattr() as a place where credentials are checked
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Jan Kara]
+ BUGS: error events can be lost when reading from fanotify FD
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Fix description of FAN_EVENT_NEXT()
+ FAN_EVENT_NEXT() does not update 'meta'; rather, it returns a
+ pointer to the next metadata structure. In addition, generally
+ rework the description to be a bit clearer and more detailed.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Document FAN_EVENT_METADATA_LEN
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note cases where an ephemeral port is used
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove BUGS text on glibc failing to declare in_pktinfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify 'ip_local_port_range' and mention the term "ephemeral ports"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some more details about assignment of ephemeral ports
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: ephemeral port range exhaustion is diagnosed inconsistently
+ Different system calls use different 'errno' values to diagnose
+ exhaustion of the ephemeral port range.
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document sched_rt_period_us and sched_rt_runtime_us /proc files
+ And rework and relocate the text on dealing with runaway
+ real-time processes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention sched_setattr(2) in list of APIs that can change policies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ sched_setattr(2) can also be used to set 'nice' value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of sched_setscheduler() when talking about sched_priority
+ There are nowadays multiple ways to set sched_priority (and
+ in fact there always were, since we also had sched_setparam(2)).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't mention sched_setscheduler(2) in discussions of setting policies
+ In a couple of places, sched_setscheduler(2) is mentioned as the
+ way of setting policies. But now there is sched_setattr(2) as
+ well, rewrite the text in a more generic way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework summary text describing sched_setattr(2) and sched_getattr(2)
+ Note that these APIs are a superset of sched_setscheduler(2)
+ and sched_getscheduler(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty text relating to sched_setscheduler()
+ All of the removed text is in sched_setscheduler(2) and
+ should have been trimmed from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: Mention more files in Documentation/scheduler/ directory
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.68 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-05-28, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alastair McKinstry <mckinstry@computer.org>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Colin Williams <colinwilliams1968@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Richard Braakman <richard.braakman@jollamobile.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen, Richard Braakman, Alastair McKinstry, Lars Wirzenius
+ New page for localedef(1)
+ Add new page based on Debian localedef(1) page.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+procfs.5
+ New link to proc.5
+ Since the term "procfs" is widely used, it seems reasonable to have
+ a link from that name to proc(5).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Provide a step-by-step example of how to use a custom locale
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use LC_TELEPHONE instead of LC_MESSAGES in the example
+ yesstr/nostr in LC_MESSAGES are planned to be changed at some
+ point [1], so it's better to provide an example which won't
+ be obsoleted by that change.
+
+ [1] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16975
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add cross-reference to fork(2) for explanation of EAGAIN
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add pid_max and threads-max to EAGAIN
+ And rewrite text to be the same as pthread_create(3).
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RLIMIT_NPROC is not enforced if CAP_SYS_ADMIN or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The pgoff argument has type size_t, not ssize_t (and in the
+ kernel it is unsigned long).
+
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for set_mempolicy(2)
+ The nodemask argument is const. The return type in numaif.h is long.
+
+swapon.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Remove header from synopsis
+ The <asm/page.h> header is not readily available, and the comment
+ seems to indicate that it is for getting PAGE_SIZE. But it is
+ never mentioned why one would need to know that, and it is in any
+ case better obtained using sysconf(), provided by <unistd.h>.
+
+a64l.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype for a64l()
+ The argument is const, both according to POSIX and the
+ glibc headers.
+
+adjtime.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add required header
+ The prototype for adjtime(3) is declared in <sys/time.h>.
+
+argz_add.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ Update the prototypes of argz_{delete,extract,next} to agree with
+ glibc headers and manual.
+
+bstring.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ The length parameter n has type size_t in bcmp(), bcopy() and
+ bzero().
+
+envz_add.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ The envz_len parameters for envz_entry() and envz_get() are not
+ passed by reference.
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The path argument to pathconf() is const.
+
+fseek.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The pos argument to fsetpos() is const.
+
+gcvt.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The ndigit parameter to gcvt() has type int.
+
+getaddrinfo_a.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The pointer arguments to gai_suspend() are const.
+
+getauxval.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix permissions
+ There doesn't seem to be any reason for getauxval.3 to be
+ executable...
+
+getnameinfo.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The hostlen and servlen parameters have type socklen_t.
+ (The types changed in glibc 2.2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note types of 'hostlen'; and 'servlen' in glibc < 2.2
+
+getrpcent.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The argument to getrpcbyname() is const.
+
+getrpcport.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add #include and fix prototype
+ The prototype for getrpcport() is obtained by #include'ing
+ <rpc/rpc.h>. Also, update its prototype.
+
+getspnam.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The struct spwd argument to putspent() is const.
+
+getutent.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ The arguments to getutid(), getutline(), and pututline()
+ are const.
+
+inet.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The parameters to inet_makeaddr have type in_addr_t.
+
+inet_net_pton.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ srcfix, cfix
+ Use a consistent style throughout the man-pages.
+
+key_setsecret.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ Remove const qualifiers from arguments to key_decryptsession,
+ key_encryptsession, and key_setsecret.
+
+makecontext.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The second argument to swapcontext() is const.
+
+makedev.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ gnu_dev_makedev, and hence its trivial macro wrapper makedev, takes
+ two unsigned int parameters; this is consistent with it being the
+ inverse of (gnu_dev_)major/minor, which return unsigned int.
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ As mentioned further down, malloc_trim returns an integer.
+
+mq_getattr.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The newattr parameter to mq_setattr is const.
+
+newlocale.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ List all available category masks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add LC_ALL_MASK description
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Expand the example code a bit
+ Better illustrate querying elements from different categories.
+
+perror.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix declaration
+ The elements of the array sys_errlist are also const.
+
+pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
+pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3
+pthread_attr_setguardsize.3
+pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3
+pthread_attr_setscope.3
+pthread_attr_setstack.3
+pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3
+pthread_attr_setstacksize.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Constify parameters
+ Each of the pthread_attr_get* functions extract some piece of
+ information from a pthread_attr_t, which is passed by const
+ reference. Add the const keyword to the prototypes of these
+ functions.
+
+pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ Add feature test macro requirements
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
+ Add pid_max limit to EAGAIN error cases
+
+pthread_equal.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_equal() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_exit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_exit() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_getcpuclockid.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function pthread_getcpuclockid() is thread safe.
+
+pthread_setaffinity_np.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_setaffinity_np() and
+ pthread_getaffinity_np() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_setconcurrency.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions pthread_setconcurrency() and
+ pthread_getconcurrency() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The name parameter of pthread_getname_np is an output parameter and
+ hence not const.
+
+pthread_setschedparam.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ Add return type for pthread_{s,g}etschedparam.
+
+pthread_setschedprio.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ Add return type for pthread_setschedprio.
+
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add missing #include <signal.h>
+
+rcmd.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ Unlike the BSDs, the second argument of rcmd() and rcmd_af() has
+ type unsigned short.
+ The first argument of iruserok_af() has type const void*.
+
+re_comp.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ re_comp and re_exec take const char* arguments.
+
+resolver.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes and extern-declaration
+ Fix const- and signedness of various char* parameters.
+
+ Also, there is no "struct state", but _res is a struct
+ __res_state. (Actually, _res is errno-like in that it is really a
+ macro expanding to (*__res_state()).)
+
+rexec.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ The user, passwd and cmd arguments to rexec and rexec_af are all
+ const.
+
+rtime.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Replace header
+ The header <rpc/des_crypt.h> does not provide rtime();
+ <rpc/auth_des.h> does, as is also implied in both the NOTES and
+ EXAMPLE sections.
+
+scandir.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototypes
+ The alphasort and versionsort functions take arguments of type
+ const struct dirent **, not const void *.
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Simplify locale category listing and add GNU-specific locale categories
+ Some information that was here will move to locale(7).
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove now obsolete NOTES section
+
+setnetgrent.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The buflen argument to getnetgrent_r has type size_t.
+
+sigvec.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The vec argument to sigvec is const.
+
+tsearch.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Fix prototype
+ The rootp argument to tfind is "void * const *",
+ not "const void **".
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Core dump files are nowadays core.pid by default
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document mon_grouping and grouping properly
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for 'first_workday'
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Add brief descriptions of collating-element and collating-symbol
+ Marko Myllynen
+ t_fmt_ampm is needed only for locales that employ AM/PM convention
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Remove crufty reference to /usr/lib/nls/src
+ That file is nowhere to be found
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify LC_TIME/am_pm and LC_NAME keywords usage
+ am_pm should be defined only if AM/PM convention is used to signal
+ applications they should not try to print them when using them in
+ unwanted.
+
+ Same for all LC_NAME keywords expect for name_fmt which should be
+ always defined.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify lang_term / lang_lib
+ As noted by Keld Simonsen in the lib-locales@sourceware mailing
+ list:
+
+ https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-locales/2014-q2/msg00008.html
+ From: Keld Simonsen <keld at rap dot rap dot dk>
+ To: Marko Myllynen <myllynen at redhat dot com>
+ Date: Tue, 29 Apr 2014 17:02:09 +0200
+
+ lang_term reflects ISO 639-2/T (terminology) codes, while
+ lang_lib reflects ISO 639-2/B (bibliographic) codes.
+ lang_term is preferred over lang_lib codes for locale names.
+ There are 20 specific ISO 639-2/B codes.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Correct the FILES section
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'pid_max' is a system-wide limit on number of threads and processes
+ Since PIDs > /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max are not allocated, this
+ file thus also imposes a system-wide limit on the number of
+ threads and processes.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows overriding RLIMIT_NPROC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_PTRACE allows process_vm_readv(2) and process_vm_writev(2)
+
+charsets.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Remove crufty statement that Romanian may be switching to ISO 8859-16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient paragraph on charsets supported in glibc 2.3.2
+ That test is rather ancient, and probably of little use.
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Fix to example program: fanotify read() should use aligned buffer
+
+inotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add example program
+ This example of the usage of the inotify API shows the
+ usage of inotify_init1(2) and inotify_add_watch(2) as well
+ as polling and reading from the inotify file descriptor.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ munmap() does not generate inotify events
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the LOCPATH environment variable
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add further details on various categories
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.69 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-06-14, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
+Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Qian Lei <qianl.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Vasiliy Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+iconv.1
+ Marko Myllynen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for the iconv(1) command
+
+iconvconfig.8
+ Marko Myllynen
+ New page for iconvconfig(8)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jeff Layton, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document open file description locks
+ As provided by the fcntl() operations F_OFD_SETLK,
+ F_OFD_SETLKW, and F_OFD_GETLK
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add FILES section, add charmap(5) reference
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Align with recent charmap(5) / repertoiremap(5) changes
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
+ Before kernel 2.6.0, RLIMIT_NPROC had no effect for set*uid()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov]
+ RLIMIT_NPROC is checked only if preceded by set*uid()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vasiliy Kulikov, NeilBrown, KOSAKI Motohiro]
+ Document EAGAIN error
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42704
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the limitations of traditional (process-associated) locks
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ Describe how to check whether the kernel supports a particular command
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for invalid 'cmd'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add para introducing advisory locks and noting existence of OFD locks
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ Add notes on F_SETLKW deadlock detection and its limitations
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an explicit note that mandatory locking is not in POSIX
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite introductory paragraphs on mandatory locking
+ Make the structure more logical, and also explicitly mention
+ OFD locks.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ Reword discussion of mandatory lock bug a little
+ Jeff Layton confirmed that the bug remains even in modern kernels.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain POSIX background to EACCES/EAGAIN error for F_GETLK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES subhead for record locking and NFS
+ Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
+ Note treatment of locks when an NFS client loses contact with the server
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ nfsv4leasetime controls the "contact lost" interval for NFSv4
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In some modern BSDs, fcntl() and flock() locks do interact
+ So, reword and extend the discussion of this topic in NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NOTES text describing implementation of flock()
+ Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
+ Add more details on NFS, including Linux 2.6.37 changes
+ Also: move NOTES text describing interaction of fcntl()
+ and flock() locks.
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add notes on inheritance of flock() and OFD locks across fork()
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to open(2) for discussion of file descriptors and OFDs
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework and extend the discussion of open file descriptions
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
+ Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated
+
+sendmmsg.2
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add reference to feature_test_macros(7)
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ seteuid() and setegid() are implemented as library functions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of the EAGAIN error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EAGAIN error for hitting RLIMIT_NPROC limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error that can occur after kernel alloc_uid() failure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of the EAGAIN error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error checking should always be performed, even when caller is UID 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.1, the EAGAIN case for RLIMIT_NPROC no longer occurs
+
+statfs.2
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ Update MAGIC constants
+ Most of the updates are taken from /usr/include/linux/magic.h,
+ some were found by grepping the Linux source code.
+ Cyril Hrubis [Michael Kerrisk]
+ fstatfs(2) was broken on file descriptors from pipe(2)
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that remap_file_pages() is deprecated
+
+basename.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions basename() and dirname() are thread safe.
+
+catgets.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function catgets() is thread safe.
+
+getdate.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Use blank definition of _GNU_SOURCE in example program
+
+getdirentries.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getdirentries() is thread safe.
+
+getdtablesize.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function getdtablesize() is thread safe.
+
+iconv.3
+ Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function iconv() is thread safe.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add iconvconfig(8)
+
+lockf.3
+ Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function lockf() is thread safe.
+
+malloc_get_state.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ SYNOPSIS: use correct header
+ The nonstandard functions malloc_set_state() and
+ malloc_get_state() are provided by <malloc.h> not <stdlib.h>.
+
+malloc_usable_size.3
+ Qian Lei
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function malloc_usable_size() is thread safe.
+
+matherr.3
+ Qian Lei [Peng Haitao]
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function matherr() is thread safe.
+
+mkdtemp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mkdtemp() is thread safe.
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions mkstemp(), mkostemp(), mkstemps() and mkostemps()
+ are thread safe.
+
+mq_close.3
+ Qian Lei
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mq_close() is thread safe.
+
+mq_getattr.3
+ Qian Lei
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The functions mq_getattr() and mq_setattr() are thread safe.
+
+mq_open.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mq_open() is thread safe.
+
+mq_receive.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions mq_receive() and mq_timedreceive() are thread safe.
+
+mq_send.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions mq_send() and mq_timedsend() are thread safe.
+
+mq_unlink.3
+ Qian Lei
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mq_unlink() is thread safe.
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function posix_fallocate() is thread safe.
+
+posix_openpt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function posix_openpt() is thread safe.
+
+siginterrupt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function siginterrupt() is not thread safe.
+
+system.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function system() is thread safe.
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update to match current glibc
+ charmap(5) was outdated, bring it to closer to reality by fixing
+ syntax descriptions to match current glibc code and practices,
+ adding missing options, removing obsolete comments and references,
+ and removing now incorrect examples.
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify AM/PM settings a bit
+ localedef(1) complains if really undefined, should be empty instead.
+ Also: add some SEE ALSO references.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document glibc conventions regarding days and week
+ Based on existing practice and glibc community wiki page at
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Locales
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka, Walter Harms]
+ Add a brief description of /proc/fs
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ New page for repertoiremap(5)
+ Rather obsolete feature but localedef(1) refers to repertoiremaps.
+
+bootparam.7
+ Petr Gajdos
+ Describe 'rootflags' and 'rootdelay' kernel parameters
+ Patch based on text from Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
+
+charsets.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update to reflect past developments
+ Rewrite the introduction to make Unicode's prominence more obvious.
+ Reformulate parts of the text to reflect current Unicode world.
+ Minor clarification for ASCII/ISO sections, some other minor fixes.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ List CJK encodings in the order of C, J, K
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add env(1), printenv(1), ld.so(8)
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add some SEE ALSO references
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that .TH 'date' field is nowadays automatically updated by scripts
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe EINTR semantics for recvmmsg(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing EINTR semantics for socket interfaces
+
+unicode.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update to reflect past developments
+ The unicode(7) page will look more modern with few small changes:
+
+ - drop old BUGS section, editors cope with UTF-8 ok these days,
+ and perhaps the state-of-the-art is better described elsewhere
+ anyway than in a man page
+ - drop old suggestion about avoiding combined characters
+ - refer to LANANA for Linux zone, add registry file reference
+ - drop a reference to an inactive/dead mailing list
+ - update some reference URLs
+
+utf-8.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Drop an old comment about UTF-8 replacing ISO 8859
+ And add locale(1) under SEE ALSO.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.70 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-07-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Tomi Salminen <tlsalmin@gmail.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Кирилл <kirillnow@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+sprof.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ New page for the glibc sprof(1) command
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document EPOLLWAKEUP
+
+epoll.7
+ NeilBrown
+ Document EPOLLWAKEUP
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+iconv.1
+iconvconfig.8
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify gconv file terminology a bit
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPROTOTYPE
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=708394
+
+dup.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Fix erroneous discussion regarding closing 'newfd' before calling dup2()
+ And propose a workaround if the caller cares about catching
+ close() time errors.
+
+ See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23440216/race-condition-when-using-dup2#comment36888604_23444465
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=411
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework and enhance discussion of dup2()
+ In particular, note that dup2() performs the steps of closing
+ and reusing 'newfd' atomically.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subhead for dup3()
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: EPOLLWAKEUP is silently ignored without CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
+ If the caller does not have CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND, then EPOLLWAKEUP
+ is silently ignored.
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ The return value for F_SETPIPE_SZ is the pipe capacity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Document ENOTDIR error for F_NOTIFY
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper page cross-references in F_NOTIFY discussion
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest the use of real-time signals with F_NOTIFY
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite a few pieces to clarify some details
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the target of a watch is an i-node
+ The target of a watch is an i-node, not a pathname. Clarify
+ the text to prevent the reader possibly misunderstanding
+ that establishing watches by two different links to the same
+ file might create different watch descriptors.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Кирилл]
+ O_CLOEXEC is also one the flags not ignored when O_PATH is specified
+
+pipe.2
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ PIPE_BUF is defined in limits.h
+ To make use of PIPE_BUF in an application one should include
+ <limits.h>. Adding a reference to this inclusion.
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ The negate-fd-to-ignore technique does not work for file descriptor 0
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=79411
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Use "thread" rather than "process" in DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain SHMLBA in much more detail
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
+
+syscalls.2
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Add prlimit64(2)
+ While trying to reconcile the new features in glibc with the
+ documented entries in the linux kernel man pages I noticed that
+ glibc exports prlimit64 for use by 32-bit applications (as does
+ the linux kernel), but that prlimit64 was not defined in the
+ syscalls list or in the prlimit-related page.
+
+ This is not the complete fix for this, but I don't have the time
+ to explain why and when prlimit64 should be used (or how it should
+ be used safely). Therefore I'm just patching the syscalls.2 list
+ to show that prlimit64 exists and was added in 2.6.36 (verified
+ with git by checking out the tags before and after).
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework introductory paragraph
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Rework text describing loglevels
+ The kernel header file mentioned in the discussion of the KERN_*
+ constants has morphed and is no longer exported inside glibc.
+ And the definitions of the constants themselves changed subtly
+ with kernel commit 04d2c8c83d0e3ac5f78aeede51babb3236200112.
+ So, rewrite the description of the constants to be a bit more
+ abstract.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite parts of the page, and import /proc/sys/kernel/printk
+ * Move /proc/sys/kernel/printk from proc(5) to this page,
+ and correct various details in the discussion of that file.
+ * Rewrite and correct various other details on the page.
+ * Clean out some crufty text.
+ * Miscellaneous minor fixes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_OFF + SYSLOG_ACTION_CONSOLE_ON description
+ Details changed in Linux 2.6.32
+
+tee.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
+
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EAGAIN error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48641
+
+ether_aton.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make description of ether_line() bug a little more informative
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ MALLOC_MMAP_THRESHOLD_ and MALLOC_MMAP_MAX_ *do* work in setgid programs
+ My testing on this point was bogus, overlooking details of
+ strace(1)'s behavior with setuid programs.
+
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12155
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove libc4 and libc5 details
+ Rich Felker noted that "scare text" in the man page warned about
+ the use of snprintf() on libc, and that some people had cited
+ this as a reason not to use snprintf(). Linux libc is now
+ ancient history, so there is no real need to keep that text.
+ But, while we're at it, we may as well clear out all of the
+ other ancient libc4 and libc5 pieces in the page. They are
+ nowadays more clutter than help.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SUSv3 and later agree with C99 for the snprintf() return value
+ Determined by inspection of the SUSv3 and SUSv4 specifications.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some old text about glibc 2.0 changes
+ We probably don't now need such ancient info.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update references to standards for C and S conversion specifiers
+
+profil.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Various minor updates and improvements
+ - more precise title
+ - extend description a bit
+ - document previously omitted WIDTH_DEFAULT
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove accidental ISO C compliance reference
+ glibc refers in locale/programs/charmap.c to ISO C 99 section
+ 7.17.(2) and ISO C 99 section 5.2.1.(3) that if a character map
+ is not ASCII compatible then the locale using it is not ISO C
+ compliant. This does not state anything about the character set
+ itself.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace /proc/sys/kernel/printk discussion with reference to syslog(2)
+ It makes more sense to have the /proc/sys/kernel/printk with
+ the related material in syslog(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite /proc/sys/kernel/printk description
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which events are generated for watched directories
+ Really, with respect to watched directories, events fall into
+ three classes (not two, as was shown):
+
+ * Events that can be generated only for the watched directory.
+ * Events that can be generated only for objects that are inside
+ the watched directory.
+ * Events that can be generated both for the watched directory
+ and for objects inside the directory.
+
+ So, mark these three classes more clearly in the list of inotify
+ events.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ BUGS: Note possible bug triggered by watch descriptor reuse
+ Watch descriptor IDs are returned by inotify_add_watch().
+ When calling inotify_rm_watch() an IN_IGNORED is placed on the
+ inotify queue pointing to the ID of the removed watch.
+
+ inotify_add_watch() should not return a watch descriptor ID for
+ which events are still on the queue but should return an
+ unused ID.
+
+ Unfortunately, the existing Kernel code does not provide such a
+ guarantee.
+
+ Actually, in rare cases watch descriptor IDs are returned by
+ inotify_add_watch() for which events are still on the inotify
+ queue.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=77111
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add further detail to the watch descriptor reuse bug
+ As well as inotify_rm_watch(), file deletion and unmounting a
+ filesystem can also cause a watch descriptor to be deleted.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The watch descriptor reuse bug may be hard to hit in practice
+ Explain the circumstances in detail, indicating that the
+ bug may be very unlikely to occur in practice.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of IN_EXCL_UNLINK
+ Clarify the text a little, in particular making it clearer
+ that the target of a watch is an i-node (not a pathname).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify IN_ONESHOT explanation
+ Make it clearer that the target of monitoring is an i-node,
+ not a pathname.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make comment on 'mask' field more accurate
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other than glibc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use absolute dates in discussion of libc vs glibc
+
+pipe.7
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add reference that the pipe capacity can be changed
+ In fcntl(2) F_SETPIPE_SZ, F_GETPIPE_SZ and
+ /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size are defined, however
+ pipe(7) still defines the pipe capacity as being
+ a static entity. Adding a reference to fcntl(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Clarify that since 2.6.35, 65535 bytes is the default pipe capacity
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that LD_PROFILE can specify just a single shared object
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that LD_PROFILE output is appended to target file
+ The LD_PROFILE output is appended to any existing
+ contents of the target file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sprof(1)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.71 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-08-17, Chicago
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Damir Nedzibovic <d.nedzibovic@anoxtech.com>
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+D. Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Paul Jackson <pj@usa.net>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Ryan Hammonds <rhammonds@unicoi.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Ville Ylenius <ville@ylenius.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+group_member.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting group_member(3)
+
+isfdtype.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting isfdtype(3)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document new comm_exec flag
+ Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit 82b897782d10fcc4 )
+ added support for differentiating between process renames
+ caused by exec versus those caused by other methods.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document new mmap2 record type
+ Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit a5a5ba72843dd05f9 )
+ enabled the enhanced mmap2 record support.
+ The interface was added in Linux 3.12 but disabled until
+ Linux 3.16.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND
+ Linux 3.16 (more specifically, commit bac52139f0b7ab31330 )
+ adds support for gathering PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_COND
+ conditional branch values when doing PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
+ sampling.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/comm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/pagemap
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/personality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/kpagecount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/kpageflags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_kbytes
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CAP_AUDIT_READ
+ CAP_AUDIT_READ is new in Linux 3.16.
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+ldd.1
+clone.2
+execve.2
+getpagesize.2
+ioperm.2
+msgop.2
+readv.2
+recv.2
+select.2
+send.2
+seteuid.2
+shmop.2
+signal.2
+sync.2
+sysinfo.2
+utime.2
+abs.3
+atoi.3
+catopen.3
+clearenv.3
+ctime.3
+des_crypt.3
+ecvt.3
+flockfile.3
+fseeko.3
+ftime.3
+ftok.3
+ftw.3
+getcwd.3
+getdtablesize.3
+getline.3
+getpass.3
+getpass.3
+getutent.3
+glob.3
+insque.3
+lseek64.3
+memmem.3
+mkstemp.3
+mktemp.3
+on_exit.3
+openpty.3
+putenv.3
+putenv.3
+qecvt.3
+realpath.3
+realpath.3
+remove.3
+setbuf.3
+sigpause.3
+strftime.3
+strptime.3
+tzset.3
+xcrypt.3
+utmp.5
+environ.7
+ipv6.7
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient Linux libc details
+
+access.2
+brk.2
+chmod.2
+eventfd.2
+gethostname.2
+getpriority.2
+mmap.2
+poll.2
+ptrace.2
+readv.2
+sched_setaffinity.2
+select.2
+seteuid.2
+signalfd.2
+sync_file_range.2
+timer_create.2
+uname.2
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+access.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to using access() on kernels that lack faccessat()
+
+bdflush.2
+fsync.2
+sync.2
+proc.5
+ Adrian Bunk
+ Change "sync(1)" to "sync(8)"
+
+bind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ryan Hammonds]
+ Correct EINVAL error description
+ As pointed out by Ryan:
+
+ My application is trying to bind an IPv4 UDP socket to an
+ address. I've found that passing an invalid address length
+ to bind() causes bind to return EINVAL. According to the
+ bind(2) manpage, this should only occur when using unix
+ domain sockets (which I am not).
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to chmod() on kernels that don't support fchmodat()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to chown()/lchown() on kernels that lack fchownat()
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: describe raw epoll_pwait() system call differences
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add group_member(3)
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance discussion of kernel nice range versus user-space nice range
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing nice range on other systems
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to core(5) in discussion of RLIMIT_CORE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the "large" resource limit bug on 32-bit platforms
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5042.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc's setrlimit() and getrlimit() are implemented using prlimit()
+
+kexec_load.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note limit of 16 for 'nr_segments'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the 'flags' bits that contain the architecture
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add KEXEC_ARCH_68K to list of architectures for 'flags'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword description of 'flags' a little
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to link() on kernels that lack linkat()
+ Unless 'flags' contains AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW.
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to mkdir() on kernels that don't support mkdirat()
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER usage
+ This clarifies the PERF_SAMPLE_STACK_USER section.
+ I found these issue while implementing some code that uses
+ the option. The important change is fixing the name of the
+ sample_stack_user parameter, the rest is just some wording
+ fixes and minor clarifications.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC usage
+ When checking the fields in the PERF_SAMPLE_DATA_SRC type samples
+ you need to shift the masks before doing the compare.
+
+ Although the value you are checking (perf_mem_data_src) is
+ specified as a bitfield so this might all fall apart if trying
+ to access the field in a cross-endian way. The Power people
+ were working on this issue, not sure if they resolved it.
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe fifth argument (sigsetsize) of raw ppoll() system call
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ville Ylenius]
+ Fix typo in example program
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to readlink() on kernels that lack readlinkat()
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'addrlen' should be NULL (not 0) if we don't need sender address
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to rename() when the kernel doesn't have renameat()
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The raw sigtimedwait() system call has a fifth argument
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to symlink() on kernels that lack symlinkat()
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc falls back to unlink() or rmdir() on kernels that lack unlinkat()
+
+atoi.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Downgrade discussion of atoq()
+ Remove most references to atoq() in this page, since this function
+ was present only in Linux libc (not glibc).
+
+cerf.3
+cexp2.3
+clog2.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update version number on "Not yet in glibc" sentence
+
+fgetgrent.3
+getgrent.3
+getgrent_r.3
+getgrnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Clarify that 'gr_mem' is a NULL-terminated array of pointers
+
+fseeko.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ENOENT error
+ And add an entry to BUGS explaining the ambiguity that was
+ present before the addition of this error.
+
+getgrouplist.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add group_member(3)
+
+getline.3
+ Rahul Bedarkar
+ Close opened file at end of example program
+
+memmem.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite text of glibc 2.0 bug
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Clarify details of the %n conversion specifier
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/756602
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Note use of 'j', 'z', and 't' length modifiers for '%n'
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/756602
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update with some SUSv3 details
+
+setbuf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient Linux libc and 4.x BSD details
+
+strstr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of Linux libc bugs
+ Linux libc is old enough that we needn't care any longer.
+
+strtod.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain NAN(n-char-sequence)
+
+strtod.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nan(3), nanf(3), NANL(3)
+
+updwtmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace AVAILABILITY section with note to link logwtmp() using -lutil
+ Linux libc details are no longer needed these days.
+
+core.5
+ Rahul Bedarkar
+ Close opened file in example program
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/stat fields
+
+proc.5
+ Jan Chaloupka
+ Add missing proc stats fields
+ Adding missing proc stats fields from
+ https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Paillard]
+ Remove crufty text under 'timer_stats'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update /proc/PID/stat 'state' field documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/stat fields added in Linux 3.3 and 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to getauxval(3) in discussion of /proc/PID/auxv
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework formatting of /proc/PID/stat list
+ Make the field numbers more prominent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that /proc/PID/cmdline is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of CommitLimit and /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_ratio
+
+charsets.7
+ David Prévot [Marko Myllynen]
+ Tidy up list
+ Remove German from main list, to be consistent with earlier
+ removal of Dutch and French (in commit a8ed5f7430e0d1).
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that IN_ONLY_DIR can be used to avoid races
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that insertion of IN_MOVED_FROM+IN_MOVED_TO pair is not atomic
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of timeout when reading IN_MOVED_TO after IN_MOVED_FROM
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add description of "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing sections (stylistic improvements)
+
+vdso.7
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add new i386 vdso symbols in Linux 3.15
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that exports new i386 symbols (Linux 3.15)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.72 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-09-07, Mountain View
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Christian von Roques <roques@mti.ag>
+Holger Hans Peter Freyther <holger@moiji-mobile.com>
+Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Peter Schiffer <pschiffe@redhat.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Sorin Dumitru <sdumitru@ixiacom.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+memusage.1
+ Peter Schiffer, Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
+ New page for glibc memusage(1) command
+
+memusagestat.1
+ Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for glibc memusagestat(1) command
+
+mtrace.1
+ Peter Schiffer [Jan Chaloupka]
+ New page describing the glibc mtrace(1) command
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Haardt
+ Note that a new socket should be used if connect() fails
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One must define _GNU_SOURCE to get the F_OFD_* definitions
+
+poll.2, select.2
+ Rusty Russell
+ Fix erroneous description of "available for write".
+ POSIX says: "POLLOUT Normal data may be written without
+ blocking.". This "may" is misleading, see the POSIX
+ write page:
+
+ Write requests to a pipe or FIFO shall be handled in the
+ same way as a regular file with the following exceptions:
+ ...
+ If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, a write request may cause
+ the thread to block, but on normal completion it shall
+ return nbyte.
+ ...
+ When attempting to write to a file descriptor (other than a
+ pipe or FIFO) that supports non-blocking writes and cannot
+ accept the data immediately:
+
+ If the O_NONBLOCK flag is clear, write() shall block the
+ calling thread until the data can be accepted.
+
+ If the O_NONBLOCK flag is set, write() shall not block the
+ thread. If some data can be written without blocking the
+ thread, write() shall write what it can and return the
+ number of bytes written. Otherwise, it shall return -1 and
+ set errno to [EAGAIN].
+
+ The net result is that write() of more than 1 byte on a
+ socket, pipe or FIFO which is "ready" may block: write()
+ (unlike read!) will attempt to write the entire buffer and
+ only return a short write under exceptional circumstances.
+
+ Indeed, this is the behaviour we see in Linux:
+
+ https://github.com/rustyrussell/ccan/commit/897626152d12d7fd13a8feb36989eb5c8c1f3485
+ https://plus.google.com/103188246877163594460/posts/BkTGTMHDFgZ
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add errno(1)
+
+rtnetlink.3
+ Holger Hans Peter Freyther
+ Fix parameters for the send() call in the example
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ IN_OPEN and IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE can also occur for directories
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ IN_CLOSE_WRITE occurs only for files (not monitored directory)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ IN_MODIFY is generated for files only (not monitored directories)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ IN_ACCESS occurs only for files inside directories
+ IN_ACCESS does not occur for monitored directory.
+
+packet.7
+ Sorin Dumitru
+ Fix include file
+ It looks like most of the socket options from this man pages
+ are not defined in <netpacket/packet.h>. They are defined in
+ <linux/if_packet.h> so we should include that one.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.73 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-09-21, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+David Prévot <taffit@debian.org>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
+Justin Cormack <justin@street-vision.com>
+Lorenzo Beretta <lory.fulgi@infinito.it>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
+Vasily Kulikov <segoon@openwall.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vitaly Rybnikov <frodox@zoho.com>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ New page providing overview of Linux namespaces
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Vasily Kulikov, Rob Landley,
+ Serge Hallyn]
+ New page describing PID namespaces
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Andy Lutomirski, Serge Hallyn]
+ New page describing user namespaces.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document CLONE_NEWUSER for creating a new user namespace
+
+setns.2
+ Eric W. Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the PID, user, and mount namespace support
+ Document CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUSER, and CLONE_NEWNS flags.
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document CLONE_NEWPID
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document CLONE_NEWUSER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_THREAD, CLONE_SIGHAND, and CLONE_VM
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some CLONE_NEWNET text to namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some CLONE_NEWUTS text 2 to namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some CLONE_NEWIPC text to namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of CLONE_NEWNS, removing text also in namespaces(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Standardize text on CLONE_NEW* flags and CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL if (CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID) && (CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_PARENT)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the meaning of CLONE_SYSVSEM
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields]
+ Don't mention "classical BSD" in discussion of fcntl()/flock interaction
+ The noninteraction of flock(2) and fcntl(2) locks does
+ not seem to be classical BSD semantics (at least, checking
+ the 4.4BSD sources suggest that the lock types do interact,
+ although there have been other systems also where fcntl()
+ and flock() locks do not interact). So, fix the text
+ discussing "classical BSD" lock semantics.
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yuri Kozlov]
+ Fix description of return value
+ s/size of unwind table/size of the unwind data/
+
+mount.2
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Clarify use of 'mountflags' and 'data' for MS_REMOUNT
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Justin Cormack, Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document effect of reboot() inside PID namespaces
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to clone(2) for semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM and semadj lists
+
+seteuid.2
+setgid.2
+setresuid.2
+setreuid.2
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL can occur if UID/GID is not valid in caller's user namespace
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Clarify capabilities required for reassociating with a mount namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specify kernel version on each CLONE_NEW* flag
+ And remove text on flags from VERSIONS.
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of CLONE_SYSVSEM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_SYSVSEM does not require CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note flags implied by CLONE_THREAD and CLONE_VM
+
+clock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ The implementation uses clock_gettime() was to improve *accuracy*
+ (The man page text mistakenly used the word "precision".)
+
+drand48.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lorenzo Beretta]
+ Remove crufty text about SVID 3 marking drand48() obsolete
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/758293
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/[pid]/mounts text to namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/[pid]/mountstats text to namespaces.7
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for a discussion of capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID for user namespace mappings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ setns() needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the *target* namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.8, user namespaces no longer require CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for info on POSIX MQs and IPC namespaces
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for info on System V IPC and IPC namespaces
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.74 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-10-03, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
+Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
+Benjamin Herr <ben@0x539.de>
+C. Alex North-Keys <erlkonig@talisman.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Lanchon <lanchon@gmail.com>
+Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Shriramana Sharma <samjnaa@gmail.com>
+Thomas Mack <mack@ifis.cs.tu-bs.de>
+Wieland Hoffmann <themineo@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pldd(1) command added to glibc in version 2.15
+
+cp1252.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ New page documenting CP 1252
+ CP 1252 is probably one of the most used Windows Code Pages so
+ let's add a page for it alongside with the already provided
+ CP 1251 page.
+
+ Table generated from /usr/share/i18n/charmaps/CP1252.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_default
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_default
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [C. Alex North-Keys]
+ Remove unneeded ".sh" extension in interpreter script example
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=84701
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ BUGS: O_CLOEXEC is ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ The 'event_f_flags' failure to check invalid flags was fixed in 3.15
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that various bugs were fixed in Linux 3.16
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Doug Ledford]
+ Since Linux 3.5, the accounting formula for RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE has changed
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shriramana Sharma]
+ Fix number and formula in description of EOVERFLOW error
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ben Hutchings]
+ Fix description of readlinkat() with empty 'pathname'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add realpath(3)
+
+sched_setattr.2
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chrt(1)
+
+shmget.2
+ Manfred Spraul [Michael Kerrisk, Davidlohr Bueso]
+ Update for increase of SHMALL and SHMMAX
+ The default values of SHMALL and SHMMAX have been increased.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add 3 new system calls added in Linux 3.17
+
+vmsplice.2
+ Cyril Hrubis
+ vmsplice() does not fail when nr_segs==0
+ This nr_segs==0 case is no-op; the call succeeds and no
+ EINVAL error is returned.
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
+
+fseeko.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Mack]
+ _FILE_OFFSET_BITS must be defined before including any header file
+
+getgrent.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Add ENOENT and EAGAIN to error list
+
+mq_getattr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ The example program can be used to discover the default
+ 'mq_maxmsg' and 'mq_msgsize' values used to create a queue with
+ a mq_open(3) call in which 'attr' is NULL.
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Two /proc files control the defaults for the attrp==NULL case
+ Refer the reader to the discussion in mq_overview(7) for a
+ discussion of these files, which exist since Linux 3.5.
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add realpath(1)
+
+proc.5
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Document /proc/buddyinfo
+ This patch adds a short description about the contents of
+ /proc/buddyinfo and how this file can be used to assist
+ in checking for memory fragmentation issues.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention pmap(1) in discussion of /proc/PID/smaps
+
+armscii-8.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+ascii.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+ This and [the related *.7] patches will provide unification of
+ charset pages, minor cleanups, and some unifying cosmetic
+ changes. References are adjusted so that all pages include
+ a reference to charsets(7), which contains a description of
+ these sets, stray comments are removed, some obsolete
+ statements (like ISO 8859-1 being the de-facto ASCII
+ replacement) are removed, and some minor reformatting
+ to minimize diff's between the pages are done.
+
+ The actual substance, the character tables, remain unchanged.
+
+ This series changes the following pages (under man7): ascii,
+ armscii, cp1251, koi8-r, koi8-u, and all of iso_8859-*.
+
+cp1251.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-10.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-11.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-13.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-14.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-15.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-16.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-1.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-2.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-3.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-4.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-5.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-6.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-7.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-8.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+iso_8859-9.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+
+koi8-r.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+ - remove stray comments, streamline description
+ (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed
+ and up-to-date description)
+ - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7
+
+koi8-u.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Charset pages unification, minor cleanups
+ - remove stray comments, streamline description
+ (charsets(7) and Wikipedia provide more detailed
+ and up-to-date description)
+ - list differences between koi8-r.7 vs koi8-u.7
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update queues_max details for Linux 3.14
+ And in general rework the text a little.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update discussion of HARD_MSGMAX
+ The limit has changed in 2.6.33 and then again in 3.5.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
+ Update details for 'queues_max' limit
+ Things changed in Linux 3.5.
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1155695
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update details on defaults and ceiling for 'msgsize_max' limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of HARD_MSGMAX
+ Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso]
+ Various fixes after review from Davidlohr Bueso
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add taskset(1)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pldd(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ld(1)
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.75 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-10-15, Düsseldorf
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Robert Schweikert <rjschwei@suse.com>
+Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
+ Robert Schweikert [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting pthread_rwlockattr_[sg]etkind_np(3)
+ Documents pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3) and
+ pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np(3).
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np.3
+ Robert Schweikert
+ New link to pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Add free() call to example program
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The raw preadv() and pwritev() syscalls split 'offset' into 2 arguments
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ pthread_mutex_lock() and pthread_cond_wait() are restartable
+ pthread_mutex_lock(, pthread_cond_wait(), and related APIs are
+ automatically restarted if interrupted by a signal handler.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, David Miller, Tetsuo Handa]
+ Various additions and rewordings
+ Notable changes:
+ * Clarify some details for pathname sockets.
+ * Add some advice on portably coding with pathname sockets.
+ * Note the "buggy" behavior for pathname sockets when
+ the supplied pathname is 108 bytes (after a report by
+ Tetsuo Handa).
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.76 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-12-31, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Jiang <jiang.adam@gmail.com>
+Andrea Balboni <andrea.balboni@unimore.it>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
+Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+David Wragg <david@wragg.org>
+Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Huxiaoxiang <huxiaoxiang@huawei.com>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Manuel López-Ibáñez <lopezibanez@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
+Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org>
+Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Scott Harvey <scott.harvey@stonybrook.edu>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh.poyarekar@gmail.com>
+Simon Newton <nomis52@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net>
+Tobias Werth <werth@cs.fau.de>
+Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com>
+Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+刘湃 <liupai_work@163.com>
+尹杰 <writalnaie@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Laurent Georget
+ Add fields in struct timex description
+ This patch updates the man page with the new fields added in
+ struct timex since last edition of the man page.
+ Laurent Georget [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document ADJ_TAI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief documentation of ADJ_MICRO and ADJ_NANO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat return value list
+ And remove numeric values, since they're not needed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other 'modes' bits are ignored on ADJ_OFFSET_*
+ Other bits in 'modes' are ignored if modes contains
+ ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT or ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nanosecond details
+ Fixes https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61171.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'times' flags as list
+ And remove numeric values, since they're not needed.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of ADJ_NANO for ADJ_SETOFFSET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment noting that timex structure contains padding bytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more details to description of 'tai' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note meaning of "PLL" abbreviation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which 'timex' field is used by each 'modes' bit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document timex 'status' bits
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify treatment of other 'modes' bits for ADJ_OFFSET_*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update RFC number: RFC 5905 obsoletes RFC 1305
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Briefly document ADJ_SETOFFSET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note PPS (pulse per second) fields in timex structure
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (a lot) more detail on the signal trampoline
+ And rewrite much of the page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+proc.5
+ Bernhard Walle
+ Document /proc/thread-self
+ /proc/thread-self has been introduced in Linux 3.17 with
+ commit 0097875bd41528922fb3bb5f348c53f17e00e2fd.
+ Sven Hoexter [Michael Kerrisk, Kamezawa Hiroyuki]
+ Document "VmSwap" field of /proc/[pid]/status
+ Florian Westphal
+ Document /proc/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Mention default path for compiled files
+
+clock_nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'clock_id' can also be a CPU clock ID
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Regular files and directories can't be monitored with epoll_ctl()
+
+ioctl.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Rename 'd' argument to 'fd' in text
+ In most other manpages file descriptors are called 'fd'.
+ This patches renames attribute 'd' to 'fd'.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VERSIONS: Support for madvise() is now configurable
+ Support for this system call now depends on the
+ CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance rationale discussion for openat() and friends
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Mel Gorman
+ Document the behavior of partial page discard requests
+ It is not obvious from the interface that "partial page discard"
+ requests are ignored. It should be spelled out.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
+ ERRORS: Since 2.6.16, the kernel correctly deals with the ESPIPE case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Support for fadvise64() is now configurable
+ Support for this system call now depends on the
+ CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
+
+prctl.2
+ Andreas Schwab
+ Correct description of null-termination in PR_GET_NAME and PR_SET_NAME
+ The size of the process name has always been at most 16 byte
+ _including_ the null terminator. This also means that the
+ name returned by PR_GET_NAME is always null-terminated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PR_SET_NAME silently truncates strings that exceed 16 bytes
+
+restart_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some text explaining why restart_syscall() exists
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add paragraph on how to discover set of CPUs available on system
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) and lscpu(1)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2)
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note that interrupted semtimedop() returns 'timeout' unchanged
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information about semtimedop() EAGAIN that is repeated elsewhere
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection head for semtimedop()
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite some pieces and add some details
+ Among other changes, add an explanation of why setsid() can't
+ be called from a process group leader
+
+sgetmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since 3.16, support for these system calls is configurable
+ Support for these calls is now dependent on the setting of the
+ CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL option.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SA_RESTORER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the sa_restorer field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat description of 'fd_in' and 'off_in' to improve readability
+
+syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 3.19 adds execveat()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add bpf(2) to list
+
+tee.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add shell session demonstrating use of the example program
+
+tkill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus text saying tgid==-1 makes tgkill() equivalent to tkill()
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that SIGABRT is raised as though raise(3) is called
+ Also note that abort() is POSIX.1-2008 compliant.
+
+cmsg.3
+ David Wragg
+ Ensure buf is suitably aligned in sending example
+ Inspection of the definition of CMSG_FIRSTHDR (both in glibc and
+ the suggested definition in RFC3542) shows that it yields the
+ msg_control field. So when sending, the pointer placed in
+ msg_control should be suitably aligned as a struct cmsghdr.
+ In the sending example, buf was declared as a bare char array,
+ and so is not necessarily suitably aligned.
+
+ The solution here involves placing buf inside a union, and is
+ based on the sockets/scm_rights_send.c sample from The Linux
+ Programming Interface "dist" source code collection.
+
+exp10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Before glibc 2.19, exp() did not give ERANGE error on underflow
+ http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FTW_CHDIR has no effect on the 'fpath' argument passed to fn()
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Ensure that 'nsecs' is used
+
+ilogb.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
+ Since glibc 2.16, ilogb() does correctly diagnose domain errors
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Haardt
+ Document return value for n==0 case
+ Michael Haardt
+ Warn against use of memcmp() for comparing security-critical data
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the O_CLOEXEC flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'flags' constants in alphabetical order
+
+pow.3
+ Manuel López-Ibáñez
+ Add note on performance characteristics of pow()
+
+pthread_setschedparam.3
+ Simon Newton
+ Fix logic error in example program
+ The example program will crash if -A is used, since 'attr'
+ is uninitialized.
+
+ $ ./a.out -A
+ *** Error in `./a.out': free(): invalid pointer: 0xb779c3c4 ***
+ Aborted (core dumped)
+ 刘湃
+ Small fixes to example program
+
+sigvec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with version 2.21, glibc no longer exports sigvec()
+
+sysconf.3
+ Josh Triplett
+ Document _SC_NGROUPS_MAX
+ Already documented in getgroups(2), but not in sysconf(3).
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tset(1)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.18, errno is correctly set to EDOM when (x == -infinity))
+
+wordexp.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Make it clear that WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution
+ The use of WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution. If the flag
+ WRDE_NOCMD is set then no command substitution shall occur and
+ the error WRDE_CMDSUB will be returned if such substitution is
+ requested when processing the words.
+
+ The manual page as-is makes it seem like the command substitution
+ occurs, and an error is returned *after* the substitution.
+ This patch clarifies that.
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe the formats of values
+ locale(5) describes what a locale should define but doesn't
+ spell out how (in what format). The patch attempts to address
+ this, it also has few trivial additional enhancements.
+
+ * Reference to locale(7) for category descriptions.
+ * Clarify first_workday in NOTES a bit.
+ * Add upstream BZ reference for two missing LC_ADDRESS fields.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix miscoded character
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Jan Chaloupka
+ Add missing no-tld-query option
+ Based on commit [1], the no-tld-query option exists for
+ resolv.conf configuration file. Description of this option
+ is provided in [2]. This patch just copies this option
+ into resolv.conf.5 man page. Plus changes 'a' member
+ into 'an' before 'unqualified name as if it ...'
+ on the third line of [2]. Based on [3], this option
+ was added in glibc 2.14 as solving [4] bug.
+
+ [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
+ [2] http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/resolv.conf.5.html man page.
+ [3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=NEWS;h=952f32af17e7fb49c4c1a305de673a13075bfaf5;hb=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
+ [4] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12734
+
+credentials.7
+ Josh Triplett
+ Cross-reference getgroups(2)
+ Since credentials.7 discusses supplementary GIDs, it should
+ reference getgroups(2).
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Allow relative paths in example
+ The current example code requires passing an absolute
+ path to the mount to be watched.
+
+ By passing AT_FDCWD to fanotify_mark it can use both
+ absolute and relative paths.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ fallocate(2) creates no events
+ fallocate(2) should create FAN_MODIFY events but does not.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ fanotify notifies only events generated on the same mount
+ Unfortunately, fanotify does not inform listeners for all paths
+ under which a touched filesystem object is visible, but only the
+ listener using the same path as the process touching the
+ filesystem object.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS to note bugs still not fixed in 3.17
+ I bumped the Linux version number in the BUGS section to 3.17.
+
+inotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ fallocate(2) does not trigger inotify events
+ Calling fallocate(2) does not result in inotify events.
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Improve LOCPATH description
+ LOCPATH is ignored by privileged programs.
+
+ Add locale archive references.
+
+ Add FILES section.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget]
+ Clarify that SEE ALSO entries may refer to pages from other projects
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other "slow devices"
+ Reads from eventfd(2), signalfd(2), timerfd(2), inotify(7),
+ and fanotify(7) file descriptors are also slow operations
+ that are restartable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix SO_RECVTIMEO/ SO_SENDTIMEO confusion in text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.8, reads on inotify(7) file descriptors are restartable
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ inotify(7) reads no longer show the odd EINTR error after SIGCONT
+ Since kernel 3.7, reads from inotify(7) file descriptors no longer
+ show the (Linux oddity) behavior of failing with EINTR when the
+ process resumes after a stop signal + SIGCONT.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Harvey]
+ Fix buglet in code snippet in BUGS section
+
+ld.so.8
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Add --inhibit-cache option
+ The dynamic loader has 6 options, only 5 are documented.
+ This patch documents the sixth option i.e. `--inhibit-cache`.
+ Jonathan Wakely [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Correct documentation of $ORIGIN
+ As noted by Siddhesh:
+
+ The ld.so man page says:
+
+ $ORIGIN (or equivalently ${ORIGIN})
+ This expands to the directory containing the
+ application executable. Thus, an application located
+ in somedir/app could be compiled with
+
+ This is incorrect since it expands to the directory containing
+ the DSO and not the application executable. This seems like
+ deliberate behaviour in dl-object.c, so it needs to be fixed in
+ the man page.
+
+ See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26280738/what-is-the-equivalent-of-loader-path-for-rpath-specification-on-linux/26281226#26281226
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.77 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-01-10, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Alexandre Bique <bique.alexandre@gmail.com>
+Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
+Jeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net>
+Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Troy Davis <troy@yort.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook, Michael Kerrisk, Will Drewry [Andy Lutomirski]
+ New page documenting seccomp(2)
+ Combines documentation from prctl, in-kernel seccomp_filter.txt
+ and dropper.c, along with details specific to the new system call.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+netlink.7
+ Stephan Mueller [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add NETLINK_CRYPTO
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Laurent Georget [Richard Cochran, Jeff Epler]
+ Clarify the 'ppm scaling' used in struct timex
+ This patch makes explicit and clarifies the unit used for
+ the fields "freq", "ppsfreq" and "stabil" in struct timex.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Masanari Iida]
+ Note that TIME_ERROR is the modern synonym for TIME_BAD
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify the PERF_FLAG_FD_* flags
+ This change clarifies the behavior of the PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT and
+ PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP flags to perf_event_open(), and removes
+ the related FIXME comments.
+
+ While writing tests to validate the behavior of these flags I
+ discovered that PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT has been broken since the
+ 2.6.35 kernel release.
+
+prctl.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of Intel MPX calls
+ The 3.19 kernel will have support for Intel MPX, including
+ a pair of new prctl() calls (PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT and
+ PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT) for enabling and disabling the
+ kernel's management of the "bounds tables". Add a
+ descriptions of the interface.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of seccomp(2) under PR_SET_SECCOMP
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest /proc/PID/status "Seccomp" as alternative to PR_GET_SECCOMP
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL can also occur PR_GET_SECCOMP in SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER mode
+ Kees Cook [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Document SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER vs EFAULT
+ This notes the distinction made between EINVAL and EFAULT when
+ attempting to use SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER with PR_SET_SECCOMP.
+
+setns.2
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Elaborate discussion of the PID namespace descendant limitation
+ The setns(2) man page already mentions that CLONE_NEWPID may only
+ be used with descendant namespaces, but this nuance could be
+ listed in a few more places so it is not missed.
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Motoki]
+ Make wording of SHMALL description a little clearer
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add siginfo_t fields for SECCOMP_RET_TRAP
+
+memchr.3
+strstr.3
+ Alexandre Bique
+ Reference memmem(3) in SEE ALSO section
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Haardt]
+ NOTES: add some detail on avoiding memcmp() of cryptographic data
+ Wording largely based on comments from Michael Haardt.
+
+pthread_tryjoin_np.3
+ Jérôme Pouiller [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document EINVAL error for pthread_timedjoin_np()
+
+mem.4
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ /dev/kmem depends on CONFIG_DEVKMEM
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Correct /dev/port group in example
+ mem.4 mentions that group for /dev/port should be set to 'mem'
+ However, all other files (/dev/mem and /dev/kmem) use the kmem
+ group in their examples and on my system /dev/port belongs to
+ kmem. Hence the 'mem' group was probably a typo:
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
+ Since 2.6.26 the CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM options limits the
+ physical addresses which can be accessed through /dev/mem.
+
+random.4
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Describe handling of O_NONBLOCK
+ /dev/random and /dev/urandom treat O_NONBLOCK differently.
+ This should be described in the manpage.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention PRNG used by urandom
+ /dev/urandom uses a pseudo-random number generator to replace
+ missing entropy.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document "Seccomp" field of /proc/PID/status
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ignat Loskutov]
+ Use epoll_create1() rather than epoll_create() in the code example
+ epoll_create1() is more or less the preferred API for new
+ applications, since it allows for some flags and avoids the
+ misdesigned epoll_create() argument, and so it seems sensible
+ to use that in the example, rather than epoll_create().
+
+tcp.7
+ Troy Davis
+ Clarify tcp_tw_recycle on Internet-facing hosts
+ Clarify that tcp_tw_recycle will break communication with many
+ general-purpose remote Internet hosts (namely, remote NAT devices)
+ even when the Linux device itself is not behind NAT.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.78 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-01-22, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Alexey Ishchuk <aishchuk@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Seiler <christian@iwakd.de>
+Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org>
+David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
+David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Jessica McKellar <jessica.mckellar@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Michael Hayes <mike@aiinc.ca>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+execveat.2
+ David Drysdale, Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ New page for execveat(2)
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, David Herrmann
+ New page for memfd_create() system call
+ Including notes about file sealing
+
+s390_pci_mmio_write.2
+ Alexey Ishchuk
+ New page for s390 s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read()
+ New manual page for the new PCI MMIO memory access system
+ calls, s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read(),
+ added for the s390 platform.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ David Herrmann [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document F_ADD_SEALS and F_GET_SEALS commands
+
+proc.5
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/nr_open
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+s390_pci_mmio_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new s390_pci_mmio_write(2) page
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+dup.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EMFILE error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EBADF error on 'newfd'.
+
+execve.2
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
+
+fallocate.2
+mmap.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for operation denied by file seal
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY case for F_SETPIPE_SZ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for F_DUPFD EINVAL error on 'arg'.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add open file description lock error cases
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update text on RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling to refer to /proc/sys/fs/file-max
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman]
+ Clarify EFAULT text
+
+mmap.2
+shmget.2
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to RLIMIT_NOFILE for explanation of EMFILE error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add execveat(2) in system call list under "Rationale for openat()"
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify description of overflow events
+ Update the perf_event_open manpage to be more consistent when
+ discussing overflow events. It merges the discussion of
+ poll-type notifications with those generated by SIGIO
+ signal handlers.
+ This addresses the remaining FIXMEs is the document.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Remove inaccurate paragraph describing attr.config
+ Remove an inaccurate paragraph about values in the attr.config
+ field. This information was never true in any released kernel;
+ it somehow snuck into the manpage because it is still described
+ this way in tools/perf/design.txt in the kernel source tree.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the kernel version number for PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some kernel version numbers to various fields and constants
+
+ptrace.2
+sigaction.2
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Ptrace and siginfo details
+ While writing some additional seccomp tests, I realized
+ PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP wasn't documented yet. Fixed this, and added
+ additional notes related to ptrace events SIGTRAP details.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update details on glibc readv()/writev() wrapper behavior
+ And add a historical detail about Linux 2.0.
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NOFILE as a possible cause of EINVAL error
+
+syscall.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Add arm64 and mips
+ Add mips and arm64 to tables, along with some further
+ details on these architectures,
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_pci_mmio_read(2) and s390_pci_mmio_write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel() version that introduced get_kernel_syms()
+ Note kernel version that introduced ppc_rtas()
+ Note kernel version that introduced create_module()
+ Note kernel version that added setup()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some details for sync_file_range2()
+ Make the table a bit simpler. The details can anyway be
+ found in the system call man page.
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliot Hughes]
+ If both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, the file need not exist
+ As noted by Elliot, if both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT,
+ utimensat() will return success even if the file does not exist.
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit is a common cause of EMFILE
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
+
+fclose.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+ Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
+ instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
+ and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
+ and understand what they are looking at.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the script+close-on-exec problem as a BUG
+ Also, add one or two details about this scenario.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The natural idiom when using fexecve() is to use the close-on-exec flag
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getgrent_r.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getmntent.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getpw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Describe return value when 'uid' is not found
+
+getpwent_r.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getspnam.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that posix_fallocate() is implemented using fallocate(2)
+
+putgrent.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+ Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
+ instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
+ and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
+ and understand what they are looking at.
+
+locale.5
+ Akihiro Motoki
+ Correct variable name
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus statement about NR_OPEN being a ceiling for file-max
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.79 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-02-01, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Sergey V. Zubkov <cubbi@cubbi.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+getrandom.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt, Theodore T'so, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getrandom(2)
+ Kernel 3.17 introduces a new system call getrandom(2).
+
+kexec_load.2
+ Vivek Goyal, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add documentation of kexec_file_load(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vivek Goyal
+ Rewrite and extend documentation of kexec_load().
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+kexec_file_load.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to kexec_load.2
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setarch(8)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Unused arguments of PR_MPX_(EN,DIS}ABLE_MANAGEMENT must be zero
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kexec_load(2)
+
+socket.2
+ Stephan Mueller
+ document AF_ALG
+ Add a reference to the AF_ALG protocol accessible via socket(2).
+
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
+ Clarify that flushing of input streams occurs only for seekable files
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91931
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
+ POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior when flushing input streams
+ POSIX.1-2001 did not have a specification for input streams,
+ but POSIX.1-2008 added one.
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getopt(1)
+
+random.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), tput(1)
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Document behavior when TZ filespec omits the colon
+ If the TZ filespec omits the leading colon, glibc will parse
+ it for any valid format, i.e., it will still work.
+ J William Piggott
+ Add description for posixrules file
+ J William Piggott
+ Correct system timezone file path
+ J William Piggott
+ There are only two TZ formats
+ tzset(3) currently states that there are three TZ formats. The
+ first two it lists are actually variations of the POSIX-style
+ TZ format, of which there are at least five variations.
+
+ This patch corrects this to match the POSIX specification of
+ TZ having only two formats.
+ J William Piggott
+ Filespec omitted incorrect
+ Paragraph three of the DESCRIPTION section says
+ that when TZ is set, but empty, then UTC is used.
+
+ Later it says if the TZ filespec is omitted then the file
+ /usr/share/zoneinfo/localtime is used. This is incorrect,
+ it will use UTC in that case as well.
+ J William Piggott
+ Fix incorrect TZ string representation
+ The TZ string representation indicates that the start/end
+ rules are required; this is incorrect.
+ J William Piggott
+ Add ENVIRONMENT section + other rearrangements
+ FILES section was overly verbose and included
+ environment variables. Added ENVIRONMENT section,
+ removing ENV VARS from the FILES section.
+
+random.4
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chfn(1), chsh(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add getrandom(2) to list of restartable system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add F_OFD_SETLKW to list of restartable operations
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.80 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-02-21, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Bill McConnaughey <mcconnau@biochem.wustl.edu>
+Chris Mayo <aklhfex@gmail.com>
+Christophe Blaess <Christophe@blaess.fr>
+David Wilson <dw@botanicus.net>
+Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
+Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
+Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
+Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
+Kevin Easton <kevin@guarana.org>
+Luke Faraone <lfaraone@debian.org>
+Mark Seaborn <mseaborn@chromium.org>
+Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
+Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Patrick Horgan <phorgan1@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
+Rob Somers <uberkermit@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com>
+Tobias Herzke <tobias.linuxpatches.2014@gi2.herzkes.de>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Zbigniew Brzeziński <zbigniew.brzezinski@student.put.poznan.pl>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New man page for the ioctl(2) FAT API
+ The ioctl(2) system call may be used to retrieve information about
+ the FAT file system and to set file attributes.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summary: this page has been significantly reorganised and rewritten
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast discussion of 'advice' into two groups of values
+ madvise() is one of those system calls that has congealed over
+ time, as has the man page. It's helpful to split the discussion
+ of 'advice' into those flags into two groups:
+
+ * Those flags that are (1) widespread across implementations;
+ (2) have counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were present
+ in the initial Linux madvise implementation.
+ * The rest, which are values that (1) may not have counterparts
+ in other implementations; (2) have no counterparts in
+ posix_madvise(3); and (3) were added to Linux in more recent
+ times.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly list the five flags provided by posix_fadvise()
+ Over time, bit rot has afflicted this page. Since the original
+ text was written many new Linux-specific flags have been added.
+ So, now it's better to explicitly list the flags that
+ correspond to the POSIX analog of madvise().
+ Jan Chaloupka [Hugh Dickins, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Starting with Linux 3.5, more file systems support MADV_REMOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL error into separate cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain MADV_REMOVE in terms of file hole punching
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_REMOVE can be applied only to shared writable mappings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_REMOVE cannot be applied to locked or Huge TLB pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Clarify that MADV_DONTNEED has effect on pages only if it succeeds
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Clarifications for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko]
+ Improve MADV_DONTNEED description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_DONTNEED cannot be applied to Huge TLB or locked pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Remove mention of "shared pages" as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Note Huge TLB as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Minchan Kim]
+ Add mention of VM_PFNMAP in discussion of MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Drop sentence saying that kernel may ignore 'advice'
+ The sentence creates misunderstandings, and does not really
+ add information.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that some Linux-specific 'advice' change memory-access semantics
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Remove crufty text about "command" versus "advice"
+ The point made in this fairly ancient text is more or less evident
+ from the DESCRIPTION, and it's not clear what "standard" is being
+ referred to.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention POSIX.1-2008 addition of POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "POSIX.1b" from CONFORMING TO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mention of posix_fadvise() from CONFORMING TO to SEE ALSO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error case for MADV_HWPOISON
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is nonstandard, but widespread
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/socketcreate
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/keycreate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Smalley]
+ Document /proc/PID/attr/{current,exec,fscreate,prev}
+ Heavily based on Stephen Smalley's text in
+ https://lwn.net/Articles/28222/
+ From: Stephen Smalley <sds@epoch.ncsc.mil>
+ To: LKML and others
+ Subject: [RFC][PATCH] Process Attribute API for Security Modules
+ Date: 08 Apr 2003 16:17:52 -0400
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/auto_msgmni
+
+socket.7
+ David Wilson [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SO_REUSEPORT socket option
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+get_thread_area.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Make get_thread_area.2 a link to rewritten set_thread_area.2 page
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+time.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make option argument formatting consistent with other pages
+
+access.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Explain how access() check treats capabilities
+ We have users who are terribly confused why their binaries
+ with CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability see EACCESS from access() calls,
+ but are able to read the file.
+
+ The reason is access() isn't the "can I read/write/execute this
+ file?" question, it is the "(assuming that I'm a setuid binary,)
+ can *the user who invoked me* read/write/execute this file?"
+ question.
+
+ That's why it uses real UIDs as documented, and why it ignores
+ capabilities when capability-endorsed binaries are run by non-root
+ (this patch adds this information).
+
+ To make users more likely to notice this less-known detail,
+ the patch expands the explanation with rationale for this logic
+ into a separate paragraph.
+
+arch_prctl.2
+set_thread_area.2
+get_thread_area.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Improve TLS documentation
+ The documentation for set_thread_area was very vague. This
+ improves it, accounts for recent kernel changes, and merges
+ it with get_thread_area.2.
+
+ get_thread_area.2 now becomes a link.
+
+ While I'm at it, clarify the related arch_prctl.2 man page.
+
+cacheflush.2
+ Ralf Baechle
+ Update some portability details and bugs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to BUGS in discussion of EINVAL error
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document V3 capabilities constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite discussion of kernel versions that support file capabilities
+ File capabilities ceased to be optional in Linux 2.6.33.
+
+clone.2
+ Peng Haitao
+ Fix description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID only stores child thread ID in parent memory.
+
+clone.2
+execve.2
+ Kevin Easton
+ Document interaction of execve(2) with CLONE_FILES
+ This patch the fact that a successful execve(2) in a process that
+ is sharing a file descriptor table results in unsharing the table.
+
+ I discovered this through testing and verified it by source
+ inspection - there is a call to unshare_files() early in
+ do_execve_common().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ Clarify cases of conflict between traditional record and OFD locks
+ Verified by experiment on Linux 3.15 and 3.19rc4.
+
+fork.2
+ Michal Hocko
+ EAGAIN is not reported when task allocation fails
+ I am not sure why we have:
+
+ "EAGAIN fork() cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy
+ the parent's page tables and allocate a task structure
+ or the child."
+
+ The text seems to be there from the time when man-pages
+ were moved to git so there is no history for it.
+
+ And it doesn't reflect reality: the kernel reports both
+ dup_task_struct and dup_mm failures as ENOMEM to the
+ userspace. This seems to be the case from early 2.x times
+ so let's simply remove this part.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Child and parent run in separate memory spaces
+ fork.2 should clearly point out that child and parent
+ process run in separate memory spaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+getxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings plus one or two details clarified
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to example in listxattr(2)
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+listxattr.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Provide example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of size==0 case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note on handling increases in sizes of keys or values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of which filesystems implement ACLs
+ Such a list will only become outdated (as it already was).
+
+migrate_pages.2
+ Jan Stancek
+ Document EFAULT and EINVAL errors
+ I encountered these errors while writing testcase for migrate_pages
+ syscall for LTP (Linux test project).
+
+ I checked stable kernel tree 3.5 to see which paths return these.
+ Both can be returned from get_nodes(), which is called from:
+ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(migrate_pages, pid_t, pid, unsigned long, maxnode,
+ const unsigned long __user *, old_nodes,
+ const unsigned long __user *, new_nodes)
+
+ The testcase does following:
+ EFAULT
+ a) old_nodes/new_nodes is area mmaped with PROT_NONE
+ b) old_nodes/new_nodes is area not mmapped in process address
+ space, -1 or area that has been just munmmaped
+
+ EINVAL
+ a) maxnodes overflows kernel limit
+ b) new_nodes contain node, which has no memory or does not exist
+ or is not returned for get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED).
+
+modify_ldt.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Overhaul the documentation
+ This clarifies the behavior and documents all four functions.
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Clarify the lm bit's behavior
+ The lm bit should never have existed in the first place. Sigh.
+
+mprotect.2
+ Mark Seaborn
+ Mention effect of READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag
+ I puzzled over mprotect()'s effect on /proc/*/maps for a while
+ yesterday -- it was setting "x" without PROT_EXEC being specified.
+ Here is a patch to add some explanation.
+
+msgget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details of MSGMNI default value
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify wording of MSGMAX and MSGMNB limits
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH behavior
+ Currently the PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH ioctl, when applied to a group
+ leader, will refresh all children. Also if a refresh value of 0
+ is chosen then the refresh becomes infinite (never runs out).
+ Back in 2011 PAPI was relying on these behaviors but I was told
+ that both were unsupported and subject to being removed at any time.
+ (See https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/24/337 )
+ However the behavior has not been changed.
+
+ This patch updates the manpage to still list the behavior as
+ unsupported, but removes the inaccurate description of it
+ only being a problem with 2.6 kernels.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand discussion of "dumpable" flag
+ In particular, detail the interactions with
+ /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder paragraphs describing PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and SUID_DUMP_USER under PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Executing a file with capabilities also resets the parent death signal
+
+ptrace.2
+ James Hunt
+ Explain behaviour should ptrace tracer call execve(2)
+ This behaviour was verified by reading the kernel source and
+ confirming the behaviour using a test program.
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Add information on PTRACE_SEIZE versus PTRACE_ATTACH differences
+ Extend description of PTRACE_SEIZE with the short summary of its
+ differences from PTRACE_ATTACH.
+
+ The following paragraph:
+
+ PTRACE_EVENT_STOP
+ Stop induced by PTRACE_INTERRUPT command, or group-stop, or ini-
+ tial ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached
+ using PTRACE_SEIZE), or PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE was used.
+
+ has an editing error (the part after last comma makes no sense).
+ Removing it.
+
+ Mention that legacy post-execve SIGTRAP is disabled by PTRACE_SEIZE.
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Blaess]
+ SYNOPSIS: remove 'const' from 'attr' sched_getattr() argument
+
+semget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for SEMMNI and SEMMSL
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note defaults for SEMOPM and warn against increasing > 1000
+
+sendfile.2
+ Eric Wong
+ Caution against modifying sent pages
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add ENOTSUP for invalid namespace prefix
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant text under ENOTSUP error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that zero-length attribute values are permitted
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing 'flags' argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
+ Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes
+ The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some
+ bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure
+ less explicitly.
+ Tao Ma
+ Add OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use __fsword_t in statfs structure definition
+ This more closely matches modern glibc reality.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on the __fsword_t type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'f_spare' more vaguely
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that waitpid() is a wrapper for wait4()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that wait() is a library function implemented via wait4()
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+encrypt.3
+ Rob Somers
+ Improve code example
+ I (and some others) found that the original example code
+ did not seem to work as advertised. The new code (used by
+ permission of the original author, Jens Thoms Toerring)
+ was found on comp.os.linux.development.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Luke Faraone
+ DESCRIPTION reference to BUGS corrected
+ mktemp(3)'s DESCRIPTION referenced NOTES, but no such
+ section exists. Corrected to refer to BUGS.
+
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+ Tobias Herzke
+ Describe EINVAL in ERRORS
+
+resolver.3
+host.conf.5
+ Simon Paillard
+ host.conf 'order' option deprecated, replaced by nsswitch.conf(5)
+ http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2389
+ http://repo.or.cz/w/glibc.git/commit/b9c65d0902e5890c4f025b574725154032f8120a
+
+ Reported at http://bugs.debian.org/270368,
+ http://bugs.debian.org/396633, and http://bugs.debian.org/344233.
+
+statvfs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document missing 'f_flag' bit values
+ And reorganize information relating to which flags are in
+ POSIX.1.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
+ statvfs() now populates 'f_flag' from statfs()'s f_flag field
+ These changes came with glibc 2.13, and the kernel's addition of
+ a 'f_flags' field in Linux 2.6.36.
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Doug Goldstein]
+ Remove unneeded <stdarg.h>
+ vsyslog() does not need this.
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Add offset format
+ tzset.3 does not illustrate the POSIX offset format.
+ Specifically, there is no indication in the manual
+ what the optional components of it are.
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note maximum number of bytes returned by read(2) on /dev/random
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre]
+ Since Linux 3.16, reads from /dev/urandom return at most 32 MB
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/775328 and
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80981#c9
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
+ Executing a file that has capabilities also prevents core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document "%i" and "%I" core_pattern specifiers
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove words "and protocols"
+ There are no protocol descriptions in Section 5. Protocols are
+ in Section 7.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to prctl(2) in discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
+ And note that /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable defines the
+ value assigned to the process "dumpable" flag in certain
+ circumstances.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required to list /proc/PID/map_files
+ This might however change in the future; see the Jan 2015 LKML thread:
+
+ Re: [RFC][PATCH v2] procfs: Always expose /proc/<pid>/map_files/
+ and make it readable
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsswitch.conf(5)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS as an alternative to prctl() PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
+ Chris Mayo
+ NOTES: add last kernel versions for obsolete options
+ The CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES option was removed by
+ commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27
+
+ The CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES option removed in
+ Linux 2.6.33 as already mentioned in DESCRIPTION.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fork(2)
+
+unix.7
+ Jan Chaloupka
+ Mention SOCK_STREAM socket for ioctl_type of ioctl()
+ from https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1110401.
+
+ unix.7 is not clear about socket type of ioctl_type argument of
+ ioctl() function. The description of SIOCINQ is applicable only
+ for SOCK_STREAM socket. For SOCK_DGRAM, udp(7) man page gives
+ correct description of SIOCINQ
+
+ldconfig.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place options in alphabetical order
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc version number for '-l' option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -c/--format option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add long form of some options
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Horgan]
+ ld.so.conf uses only newlines as delimiters
+ mtk: confirmed by reading source of parse_conf() in
+ elf/ldconfig.c.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -V/--version option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -i/--ignore-aux-cache option
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate "Hardware capabilities" to be a subsection under notes
+ This is more consistent with standard man-pages headings
+ and layout.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate description of LD_BIND_NOT
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.81 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-03-02, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexandre Oliva <aoliva@redhat.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+attributes.7
+ Alexandre Oliva, Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing POSIX safety concepts
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Many pages
+ Peng Haitao, Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat existing thread-safety information to use a
+ tabular format, rather than plain text.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function mmap() and munmap() are thread safe.
+
+a64l.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+acos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function acos(), acosf() and acosl() are thread safe.
+
+acosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function acosh(), acoshf() and acoshl() are thread safe.
+
+addseverity.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function is thread-safe
+ The function addseverity() is thread safe.
+
+aio_cancel.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_cancel() is thread safe.
+
+aio_fsync.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_fsync() is thread safe.
+
+aio_read.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_read() is thread safe.
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_suspend() is thread safe.
+
+aio_write.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_write() is thread safe.
+
+argz_add.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+asin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function asin(), asinf() and asinl() are thread safe.
+
+assert.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+assert_perror.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+atan2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function atan2(), atan2f() and atan2l() are thread safe.
+
+atanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function atanh(), atanhf() and atanhl() are thread safe.
+
+backtrace.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+btowc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function btowc() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+cabs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function cabs(), cabsf() and cabsl() are thread safe.
+
+cacos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function cacos(), cacosf() and cacosl() are thread safe.
+
+cacosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cacosh(), cacoshf() and cacoshl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+canonicalize_file_name.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The functions canonicalize_file_name() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+carg.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function carg(), cargf() and cargl() are thread safe.
+
+casin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions casin(), casinf() and casinl() are thread safe.
+ Their markings match glibc markings.
+
+casinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions casinh(), casinhf() and casinhl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+catan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catan(), catanf() and catanl() are thread safe.
+ Their markings match glibc markings.
+
+catanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catanh(), catanhf() and catanhl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+catopen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catopen() and catclose() are thread safe.
+
+cfree.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function cfree() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+clog10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions clog10(), clog10f() and clog10l() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+clog.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function clog(), clogf() and clogl() are thread safe.
+
+closedir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function closedir() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+confstr.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function confstr() is thread safe.
+
+cosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cosh(), coshf() and coshl() in glibc are thread safe.
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+cpow.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cpow(), cpowf() and cpowl() in glibc are thread safe.
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+crypt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+ctermid.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ According to the change of source code, ctermid's level has been
+ changed from MT-Unsafe to MT-Safe. After modifying, the marking
+ matches the glibc marking.
+
+drand48.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+drand48_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+ecvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+ecvt_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+encrypt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+envz_add.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+exec.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions execl(), execlp(), execle(), execv(), execvp() and
+ execvpe() are thread safe.
+
+exit.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+exp10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+exp2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function exp2(), exp2f() and exp2l() are thread safe.
+
+exp.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function exp(), expf() and expl() are thread safe.
+
+fclose.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function fclose() is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fcloseall.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+fgetc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fgetwc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fgetws.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fmod.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function fmod(), fmodf() and fmodl() are thread safe.
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function fnmatch() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+fopen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fread.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fread() and fwrite() are thread safe.
+
+gamma.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions gamma(), gammaf() and gammal() are not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getcwd.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getcwd(), getwd() and get_current_dir_name() are
+ thread safe.
+
+getdate.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getenv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getenv() and secure_getenv() are thread safe.
+
+getfsent.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions setfsent(), getfsent(), endfsent(), getfsspec()
+ and getfsfile() are not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrnam.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrouplist.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function getgrouplist() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+getlogin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getopt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions getopt(), getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() are
+ not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpass.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpwent.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpwnam.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+gets.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getw.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getw() and putw() are thread safe.
+
+gnu_get_libc_version.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions gnu_get_libc_version() and gnu_get_libc_release()
+ are thread safe.
+
+hsearch.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+iconv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+
+inet.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions inet_aton() and inet_addr() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+ The functions inet_network(), inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(),
+ inet_lnaof() and inet_netof() are thread safe.
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ After researching and talking, we think inet_network() and
+ inet_ntoa() should be marked with locale.
+ After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function inet_pton() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswdigit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswgraph.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswgraph() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswlower.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswlower() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswprint.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswprint() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswpunct.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswpunct() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswspace.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswspace() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswupper.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswupper() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswxdigit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswxdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+j0.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function j0(), j1f() jnl() and so on are thread safe.
+
+lio_listio.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+log10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log10(), log10f() and log10l() are thread safe.
+
+log2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log2(), log2f() and log2l() are thread safe.
+
+log.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log(), logf() and logl() are thread safe.
+
+makecontext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+makedev.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The macros makedev(), major() and minor() are thread safe.
+
+malloc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function malloc(), free(), calloc() and realloc() are
+ thread safe.
+
+mblen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+mbtowc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function mbtowc() is not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mktemp() is thread safe.
+
+mtrace.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions mtrace() and muntrace() are not thread safe.
+
+nan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function nl_langinfo() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+opendir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+pow10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function pow10(), pow10f() and pow10l() are thread safe.
+
+pow.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function pow(), powf() and powl() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_setcancelstate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add async-signal-safety information
+
+ptsname.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+putenv.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-unsafe
+ The function putenv() is thread unsafe.
+
+puts.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fputc(), fputs(), putc(), putchar() and puts() are
+ thread safe.
+
+putwchar.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+qecvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+rand.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The functions rand(), rand_r() and srand() are thread safe.
+
+random_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+readdir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+realpath.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+regex.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions regcomp() and regexec() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+ The functions regerror() and regfree() are thread safe.
+
+remainder.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+scalb.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function scalb(), scalbf() and scalbl() are thread safe.
+
+setenv.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-unsafe
+ The function setenv() and unsetenv() are thread unsafe.
+
+siginterrupt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+sigset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The functions sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse() and sigignore()
+ are thread safe.
+
+sinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function sinh(), sinhf() and sinhl() are thread safe.
+
+sqrt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function sqrt(), sqrtf() and sqrtl() are thread safe.
+
+stdarg.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+stdio_ext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ Change the thread safety information to be the same as glibc.
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are thread safe
+ with exceptions.
+
+strerror.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+strfmon.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+strfry.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strfry() is thread safe.
+
+strftime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function strftime() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+strptime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function strptime() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+strtok.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strverscmp() is thread safe.
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+syslog.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions openlog() and closelog() are thread safe.
+ The functions syslog() and vsyslog() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+tempnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function tempnam() is thread safe.
+
+termios.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As this is man page for Linux, we don't need thread safety
+ information for bsd
+
+tgamma.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tgamma(), tgammaf() and tgammal() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+timegm.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions timelocal() and timegm() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+tmpfile.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ When the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() should be MT-Unsafe.
+
+toupper.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ After researching and talking, we think toupper() and tolower()
+ should not be marked with locale.
+ After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
+
+tsearch.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions' markings match glibc markings.
+
+ttyname.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+tzset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function tzset() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wctomb.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+y0.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function y0(), y1f() ynl() and so on are thread safe.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to attributes(7) for details of ATTRIBUTES section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.82 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-03-29, Paris
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alban Crequy <alban.crequy@gmail.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Chris Delozier <c.s.delozier@gmail.com>
+David Madore <david.madore@ens.fr>
+Dmitry Deshevoy <mityada@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Mikael Pettersson <mikpelinux@gmail.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas FRANCOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Paul E Condon <pecondon@mesanetworks.net>
+Peter Adkins <peter.adkins@kernelpicnic.net>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Taisuke Yamada <tai@rakugaki.org>
+Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+<ygrex@ygrex.ru>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with details of the NPTL POSIX threads implementation
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document /proc/[pid]/setgroups
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+intro.1
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Prompt is not % but $
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Various improvements
+ - Add reference to other common shells dash(1), ksh(1)
+ - Add a reference to stdout(3)
+ - Separate cp and mv descriptions
+ - Add examples of special cases of cd
+ - Add su(1) and shutdown(8) references for section Logout
+ and poweroff
+ - Move Control-D to section Logout and poweroff
+ - Fix some little formatting errors
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add cross references cited
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Order SEE ALSO section
+
+clone.2
+ Josh Triplett
+ Document that clone() silently ignores CLONE_PID and CLONE_STOPPED
+ Normally, system calls return EINVAL for flags they don't support.
+ Explicitly document that clone does *not* produce an error for
+ these two obsolete flags.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small rewording of explanation of clone() wrt threads
+ Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say
+ that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact,
+ the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more
+ common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for the case where /proc/PID/setgroups is "deny"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability associated with EPERM error for setgroups(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups
+ The discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups has moved from
+ proc(5) to user_namespaces(7).
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getppid() returns 0 if parent is in different PID namespace
+
+getsockopt.2
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Note RETURN VALUE details when netfilter is involved
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
+ Add FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID
+ SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ include/linux/ext2_fs.h
+ Include linux/ext2_fs.h does not contain any ioctl definitions
+ anymore.
+
+ Request codes EXT2_IOC* have been replaced by FS_IOC* in
+ linux/fs.h.
+
+ Some definitions of FS_IOC_* use long* but the actual code expects
+ int* (see fs/ext2/ioctl.c).
+
+msgop.2
+ Bill Pemberton
+ Remove EAGAIN as msgrcv() errno
+ The list of errnos for msgrcv() lists both EAGAIN and ENOMSG as
+ the errno for no message available with the IPC_NOWAIT flag.
+ ENOMSG is the errno that will be set.
+ Bill Pemberton
+ Add an example program
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Mention blocking semantics for FIFO opens
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95191
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn [Kees Cook, Mikael Pettersson, Andy Lutomirski]
+ Add note about alarm(2) not being sufficient to limit runtime
+ Jann Horn
+ Explain blacklisting problems, expand example
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add mention of libseccomp
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that setgid() changes all GIDs when caller has CAP_SETGID
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that setuid() changes all UIDs when caller has CAP_SETUID
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigaction(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrapper gives an EINVAL error on attempts to change the
+ disposition of either of the two real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigpending.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigpending(2)
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigprocmask(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrapper silently ignores attempts to block the two
+ real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigreturn(2)
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigsuspend(2)
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrappers silently ignore attempts to wait for
+ signals used by NPTL.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigtimedwait(2)
+
+socket.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO close(2)
+ The description mentions close(2). Hence it should also be
+ referenced in the SEE ALSO section.
+
+syscall.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Add x32 ABI
+
+umount.2
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Document the effect of shared subtrees on umount(2)
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Correct the description of MNT_DETACH
+ I recently realized that I had been reasoning improperly about
+ what umount(MNT_DETACH) did based on an insufficient description
+ in the umount.2 man page, that matched my intuition but not the
+ implementation.
+
+ When there are no submounts, MNT_DETACH is essentially harmless to
+ applications. Where there are submounts, MNT_DETACH changes what
+ is visible to applications using the detach directories.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move "shared mount + umount" text to a subsection in NOTES
+
+aio_return.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Document the return value on error
+ Reported by Alexander Holler <holler@ahsoftware.de>
+
+clock.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ CLOCKS_PER_SEC = 1000000 is required by XSI, not POSIX
+ Debian Bug #728213 reported by Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728213
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Amend error in description of dlclose() behavior
+ The current text says that unloading depends on whether
+ the reference count falls to zero *and no other libraries
+ are using symbols in this library*. That latter text has
+ been there since man-pages-1.29, but it seems rather dubious.
+ How could the implementation know whether other libraries
+ are still using symbols in this library? Furthermore, no
+ other implementation's man page mentions this point.
+ Seems best to drop this point.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for RTLD_DEFAULT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details on RTLD_NEXT and preloading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RTLD_NEXT works for symbols generally, not just functions
+ The common use case is for functions, but RTLD_NEXT
+ also applies to variable symbols.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
+ Note that dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
+ that were loaded by dlopen()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename second dlopen() argument from "flag" to "flags"
+ This is more consistent with other such arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat text on RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fputwc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fputws.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fseek.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fseeko.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+gcvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getline.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getwchar.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+hypot.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+iconv_open.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+if_nameindex.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+initgroups.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+mq_open.3
+ Torvald Riegel
+ Add EINVAL error case for invalid name
+ This behavior is implementation-defined by POSIX. If the name
+ doesn't start with a '/', glibc returns EINVAL without attempting
+ the syscall.
+
+popen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+pthread_kill.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc pthread_kill() function gives an error on attempts
+ to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+pthread_sigmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc implementation silently ignores attempts to block the two
+ real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc pthread_sigqueue() function gives an error on attempts
+ to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+resolver.3
+ Stéphane Aulery [Jakub Wilk]
+ Document missing options used by _res structure indicate defaults
+ Missing options: RES_INSECURE1, RES_INSECURE2, RES_NOALIASES,
+ USE_INET6, ROTATE, NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG, BLAST, USEBSTRING,
+ NOIP6DOTINT, USE_EDNS0, SNGLKUP, SNGLKUPREOP, RES_USE_DNSSEC,
+ NOTLDQUERY, DEFAULT
+
+ Written from the glibc source and resolv.conf.5.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=527136
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ RES_IGNTC is implemented
+
+rint.3
+ Matt Turner
+ Document that halfway cases are rounded to even
+ Per IEEE-754 rounding rules.
+
+ The round(3) page describes the behavior of rint and nearbyint
+ in the halfway cases by saying:
+
+ These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round
+ halfway cases away from zero [...], instead of to the
+ nearest even integer like rint(3)
+
+sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify version info (mention rt_sigqueueinfo())
+
+sigsetops.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc sigfillset() function excludes the two real-time
+ signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc sigwait() silently ignore attempts to wait for
+ signals used by NPTL.
+
+strcoll.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+strdup.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Add 'std' quoting information
+
+ulimit.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wctob.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+xdr.3
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Clarified incompatibility and correct usage of XDR API
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/628099
+
+console_codes.4
+ Scot Doyle
+ Add Console Private CSI sequence 15
+ An undocumented escape sequence in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c brings the
+ previously accessed virtual terminal to the foreground.
+ mtk: Patch misattributed to Taisuke Yamada in Git commit
+ because of a muck up on my part.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version number for CSI sequence 15
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix permissions shown for the devices
+ These days, the devices are RW for everyone.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove dubious claim about comparative performance of ext2
+ Perhaps it was the best filesystem performance-wise in
+ the 20th century, when that text was written. That probably
+ ceased to be true quite a long time ago, though.
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add cross references for ext filesystems
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Specifies the scope of this list and its limits.
+
+host.conf.5
+hosts.5
+resolv.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Paul E Condon]
+ Cross references of these pages.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=298259
+
+host.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Rework discussion of nospoof, spoofalert, spoof and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK
+ The keywords and environment variables "nospoof", "spoofalert",
+ "spoof" and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK were added to glibc 2.0.7 but
+ never implemented
+
+ Move descriptions to historical section and reorder it for clarity
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773443
+
+hosts.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Mention 127.0.1.1 for FQDN and IPv6 examples
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=562890
+
+proc.5
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Document /proc/PID/status VmPin field
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1071746
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document (the obsolete) /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace description of 'uid_map' with a reference to user_namespaces(7)
+ All of the information in proc(5) was also present in
+ user_namespaces(7), but the latter was more detailed
+ and up to date.
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Fix SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example
+ Since the /proc/pid/attr API was added to the kernel, there
+ have been a couple of changes to the SELinux handling of
+ /proc/pid/attr/current. Fix the SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current
+ example text to reflect these changes and note which kernel
+ versions first included the changes.
+
+securetty.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Nicolas FRANCOIS]
+ Note that the pam_securetty module also uses this file
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528015
+
+ This patch is a modified version of the one proposed without
+ parts specific to Debian.
+
+boot.7
+ Michael Witten
+ Copy edit
+ While a lot of the changes are issues of presentation,
+ there are also issues of grammar and punctuation.
+ Michael Witten
+ Mention `systemd(1)' and its related `bootup(7)'
+ It's important that the reader receive contemporary information.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthreads(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to nptl(7)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update discussion of _FORTIFY_SOURCE
+ Since the initial implementation a lot more checks were added.
+ Describe all the checks would be too verbose (and would soon
+ fall out of date as more checks are added). So instead, describe
+ the kinds of checks that are done more generally.
+ Also a few other minor edits to the text.
+
+hier.7
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ First patch of a series to achieve compliance with FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ SGML and XML directories are separated in FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add missing directories defined by FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Identify which directories are optional
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Document /initrd, /lost+found and /sys
+ Ubuntu Bug #70094 reported by Brian Beck
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/70094
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Explain YP, which is not obvious
+
+ipv6.7
+ Stéphane Aulery [David Madore]
+ SOL_IPV6 and other SOL_* options socket are not portable
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=472447
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill Pemberton]
+ Add indent(1) command that produces desired formatting for example code
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Improve description of sections in accordance with intro pages
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description of fanout algorithms as list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of needing UID 0 to create packet socket
+ The existing text makes no sense. The check is based
+ purely on a capability check. (Kernel function
+ net/packet/af_packet.c::packet_create()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text about ancient glibc not defining SOL_PACKET
+ This was fixed in glibc 2.1.1, which is a long while ago.
+ And in any case, there is nothing special about this case;
+ it's just one of those times when glibc lags.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description of 'sockaddr_ll' fields as a list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various minor edits
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to nptl(7)
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase "Linux 2.2" language to "Linux 2.2 or later"
+ The man page was written in the LInux 2.2 timeframe, and
+ some phrasing was not future-proof.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note when Linux added realtime signals
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the range of realtime signals
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summarize 2.2 system call changes that resulted from larger signal sets
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nptl(7)
+
+tcp.7
+ Peter Adkins
+ Document removal of TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE
+ Looking over the man page for 'tcp' I came across a reference to
+ tuning the 'TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE' parameter when increasing
+ 'tcp_max_syn_backlog' above 1024. However, this static sizing was
+ removed back in Linux 2.6.20 in favor of dynamic scaling - as
+ part of commit 72a3effaf633bcae9034b7e176bdbd78d64a71db.
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Update the documentation to reflect the fixes for negative groups
+ Files with access permissions such as rwx---rwx give fewer
+ permissions to their group then they do to everyone else. Which
+ means dropping groups with setgroups(0, NULL) actually grants a
+ process privileges.
+
+ The unprivileged setting of gid_map turned out not to be safe
+ after this change. Privileged setting of gid_map can be
+ interpreted as meaning yes it is ok to drop groups. [ Eric
+ additionally noted: Setting of gid_map with privilege has been
+ clarified to mean that dropping groups is ok. This allows
+ existing programs that set gid_map with privilege to work
+ without changes. That is, newgidmap(1) continues to work
+ unchanged.]
+
+ To prevent this problem and future problems, user namespaces were
+ changed in such a way as to guarantee a user can not obtain
+ credentials without privilege that they could not obtain without
+ the help of user namespaces.
+
+ This meant testing the effective user ID and not the filesystem
+ user ID, as setresuid(2) and setregid(2) allow setting any process
+ UID or GID (except the supplementary groups) to the effective ID.
+
+ Furthermore, to preserve in some form the useful applications
+ that have been setting gid_map without privilege, the file
+ /proc/[pid]/setgroups was added to allow disabling setgroups(2).
+ With setgroups(2) permanently disabled in a user namespace, it
+ again becomes safe to allow writes to gid_map without privilege.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework some text describing permission rules for updating map files
+ No (intentional) change to the facts, but this restructuring
+ should make the meaning easier to grasp.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version associated with 5-line limit for map files
+ As at Linux 3.18, the limit is still five lines, so mention the
+ more recent kernel version in the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alban Crequy]
+ Handle /proc/PID/setgroups in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing restrictions on updating /proc/PID/setgroups
+ No (intentional) changes to factual description, but the
+ restructured text is hopefully easier to grasp.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the /proc/PID/setgroups file was added
+
+ldconfig.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.83 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-04-19, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andreas Baak <andreas.baak@gmail.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+cdlscpmv <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
+Dima Tisnek <dimaqq@gmail.com>
+Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
+Fabien Pichot <fpichot@bouledef.eu>
+Felix Sedlmeier <sedlmeier@gmx.de>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
+Robin H. Johnson <robbat2@gentoo.org>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <hideaki.yoshifuji@miraclelinux.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting posix_madvise(3)
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the page to give primacy to nftw()
+ nftw() is the better API, and POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() obsolete.
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+getdents.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dima Tisnek]
+ Document getdents64()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14795
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Theodore Ts'o [Eric Sandeen, Andreas Dilger,
+ Omar Sandoval, Darrick J. Wong]
+ Document MS_LAZYTIME
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/fdinfo epoll format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe /proc/PID/fdinfo eventfd format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/fdinfo signalfd format
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+newfstatat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to fstatat64.2
+
+prlimit64.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to getrlimit.2
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various section 3 math pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that these functions are also in POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+getent.1
+ Robin H. Johnson
+ Document options
+ The options to getent are now documented, after being around for
+ nearly a decade without changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document help and version options
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version number for FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+ FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in 3.15, not 3.14.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that SMB3 added FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE support in Linux 3.17
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the underlying system call for prlimit() is prlimit64()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" from prlimit() FTM requirements
+ "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" is not needed to get the prlimit()
+ declaration.
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ SIOCADDRT accepts in6_rtmsg in INET6 protocol
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS
+ timerfd_create.2 mentions TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS. We should add it to
+ ioctl_list.2, too.
+
+llseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Advise reader to use lseek(2) instead
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ llseek() exists on 32-bit platforms to support seeking to large offsets
+
+madvise.2
+ David Rientjes
+ Specify MADV_REMOVE returns EINVAL for hugetlbfs
+ madvise(2) actually returns with error EINVAL for MADV_REMOVE
+ when used for hugetlb VMAs, not EOPNOTSUPP, and this has been
+ the case since MADV_REMOVE was introduced in commit f6b3ec238d12
+ ("madvise(MADV_REMOVE): remove pages from tmpfs shm backing
+ store"). Specify the exact behavior.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_madvise(2)
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
+ SEE ALSO: add epoll(7)
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier, Kees Cook]
+ Note that seccomp_data is read-only
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details on various "stat" versions
+ Three versions of "stat" appeared on 32-bit systems,
+ dealing with structures of different (increasing) sizes.
+ Explain some of the details, and also note that the
+ situation is simpler on modern 64-bit architectures.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of newfstatat()
+ The underlying system call for fstatat() is newfstatat()
+ on some architectures.
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ ERRORS: add linkpath=="" case for ENOENT
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove prlimit()
+ There really is only the prlimit64() system call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details about the "multiple versions of system calls"
+ The multiple-system-call-version phenomenon is particularly a
+ feature of older 32-bit platforms. Hint at that fact in the text.
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS ioctl() operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details to C library/kernel ABI differences
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
+ Remove mention of "System V" from discussion of CLONE_NEWIPC
+ These days, CLONE_NEWIPC also affects POSIX message queues.
+
+asprintf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+carg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ccos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ccosh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+cexp.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+clock.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that is thread-safe
+
+clog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csqrt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify description of what these functions calculate
+
+ctan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ctanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ctime.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Clarify calling signature for execl() and execlp()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
+ Correct prototype for execle()
+ Make the prototype shown into correct C.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felix Sedlmeier]
+ ftw() and nftw() differ for the non-stat-able symlink case
+ The POSIX specification of ftw() says that an un-stat-able
+ symlink may yield either FTW_NS or FTW_SL. The specification
+ of nftw() does not carry this statement.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update POSIX version references in NOTES
+
+getcwd.3
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note behavior for unreachable current working directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that NO_ADDRESS and NO_DATA are synonyms
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail for NO_DATA
+ Text consistent with POSIX and FreeBSD's gethostbyname() man page.
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getnetent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getutent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+glob.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+insque.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+login.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+lseek64.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details with respect to 32-bit and 64-bit systems
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+mbsrtowcs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+mq_notify.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
+ NOTES: explain differences from the underlying system call
+ The check for the slash at the start of a pathname is done in glibc
+
+openpty.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+perror.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+printf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Walter Harms [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Simplify the example code
+
+qsort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ alphasort() and versionsort() are not suitable for 'compar'
+ In glibc 2.10, the prototypes of alphasort() and versionsort()
+ were changed so that the arguments switched from 'const void *' to
+ 'const struct dirent **', to match the POSIX.1-2008 specification
+ of alphasort(). As such, compiler warnings will result if
+ these functions are used as the arguments of qsort().
+
+ warning: passing argument 4 of 'qsort' from incompatible
+ pointer type
+ expected '__compar_fn_t' but argument is of type
+ 'int (*)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **)'
+
+ Therefore, remove the ancient NOTES text suggesting that
+ alphasort() and versionsort() can be used as suitable
+ 'compar' arguments for qsort().
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.10 changed the argument types for alphasort() and versionsort()
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+scanf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+setnetgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+significand.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that strcasecmp() does a byte-wise comparison
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+updwtmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+wcrtomb.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wcsnrtombs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wcsrtombs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wordexp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+wprintf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "mnt_id" field of /proc/PID/fdinfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets are included in /proc/net/unix
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update description /proc/sys/unix 'Type' field
+ The existing text was very crufty. UNIX domain sockets
+ support more than SOCK_STREAM for a _very_ long time now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail to /proc/PID/timers
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Enhance discussion of /proc/PID/status 'VmSwap' field
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add poll(2) and select(2)
+
+icmp.7
+ YOSHIFUJI Hideaki/吉藤英明
+ Document net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to timer_create(2)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.00 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-05-07, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Advait Dixi <advaitdixit@hotmail.com>
+Alain Kalker <a.c.kalker@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Heiduk <asheiduk@googlemail.com>
+Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
+Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr>
+Cameron Norman <camerontnorman@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
+Christophe Lohr <Christophe.Lohr@telecom-bretagne.eu>
+Christopher Head <chead@chead.ca>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+David Wilcox <davidvsthegiant@gmail.com>
+Denis Du <denisdu@ruggedcom.com>
+Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
+Filipe Brandenburger <filbranden@gmail.com>
+Filipus Klutiero <chealer@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frédéric Maria <frederic.maria@free.fr>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Graham Shaw <gdshaw@riscpkg.org>
+Gregor Jasny <igjasny@googlemail.com>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Guy Harris <guy@alum.mit.edu>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ian Pilcher <arequipeno@gmail.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason Newton <nevion@gmail.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
+Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
+Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
+Joern Heissler <contact@joern.heissler.de>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
+Joonas Salo <salo.joonas@gmail.com>
+Jussi Lehtola <jussilehtola@fedoraproject.org>
+Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Laurence Gonsalves <laurence@xenomachina.com>
+Magnus REFTEL <magnus.xm.reftel@stericsson.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Regid Ichira <regid23@nt1.in>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
+Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net>
+Tetsuo Handa <from-linux-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
+Thomas Hood <jdthood@gmail.com>
+Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
+Vasiliy Kulikov <segooon@gmail.com>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
+Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
+William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+get_phys_pages.3
+ William Woodruff
+ Document get_phys_pages() and get_avphys_pages()
+
+loop.4
+ Urs Thuermann, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the loop device
+
+xattr.7
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Import attr(5) man page from the 'attr' project
+ After discussions with Andreas Gruenbacher, it makes sense to
+ move this page into man-pages, since it mostly relates to
+ kernel details. Since this is an overview page,
+ we'll move it to Section 7.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename page
+ "xattr" is a more meaningful name than "attr" (it resonates
+ with the names of the system calls), so as long as we are
+ moving the page to a new section, we'll change the name as well,
+ and retain an acl(5) link so that old references remain valid.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
+ Document MAP_HUGE_2MB, MAP_HUGE_1GB, and MAP_HUGE_SHIFT
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
+ Document SHM_HUGE_2MB, SHM_HUGE_1GB, and SHM_HUGE_SHIFT
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder]
+ Add descriptions of some other resolver functions
+ Add res_ninit(), res_nquery(), res_nsearch(),
+ and res_nquerydomain(), res_nmkquery(), res_nsend().
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Frédéric Maria [Stephane Fillod, Andreas Heiduk]
+ Document TIOCMIWAIT and TIOCGICOUNT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCGEXCL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOGCPKT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCSPTLCK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCGPTLCK
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+CMSG_DATA.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to cmsg(3)
+
+CMSG_LEN.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to cmsg(3)
+
+dprintf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to a link to printf.3
+
+get_avphys_pages.3
+ William Woodruff
+ New link to new get_phys_pages.3 page
+
+res_ninit.3
+res_nmkquery.3
+res_nquery.3
+res_nquerydomain.3
+res_nsearch.3
+res_nsend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to resolver(3) man page
+
+loop-control.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to loop.4
+
+attr.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to xattr(7)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+chown.2
+execve.2
+prctl.2
+truncate.2
+proc.5
+capabilities.7
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighter wording: 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ For sticky, set-UID, and set-GID mode bits (as used in POSIX).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+add_key.2
+keyctl.2
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add keyrings(7)
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add keyctl(3)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ After EPOLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that signal mask treatment in epoll_pwait() is per-thread
+ s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
+ Note an F_SETSIG corner case
+
+get_mempolicy.2, set_mempolicy
+ Brice Goglin
+ Policy is per thread, not per process
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust "attr(5)" references to "xattr(7)"
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add console_ioctl(2) and tty_ioctl(2)
+
+listxattr.2
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe listxattr(2) E2BIG error and document it as a BUG
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fixes + point reader at stat(2) for explanation of file mode
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
+ Further tweaks to text on S_ISVTX and 'mode' argument
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewordings + point reader at stat(2) for details of mode bits
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text that implies that munmap() syncs MAP_SHARED mapping to file
+ The existing text in this page:
+
+ MAP_SHARED Share this mapping. Updates to the mapping
+ are visible to other processes that map this
+ file, and are carried through to the underly‐
+ ing file. The file may not actually be
+ updated until msync(2) or munmap() is called.
+
+ implies that munmap() will sync the mapping to the underlying
+ file. POSIX doesn't require this, and some light reading of the
+ code and some light testing (fsync() after munmap() of a large
+ file) also indicates that Linux doesn't do this.
+
+msync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text of DESCRIPTION
+ Rewrite the text somewhat, for easier comprehension.
+ No (intentional) changes to factual content
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields]
+ Note that nfsservctl() was replaced by files in nfsd filesystem
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher]
+ open() honors the S_ISVTX, S_ISUID, and S_ISGID bits in 'mode'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
+ BUGS: O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY succeeds if pathname does not exist
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Pilcher]
+ Clarify that signal mask treatment in ppoll() is per-thread
+ s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik]
+ After POLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer which bits are ignored in 'events'
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Wilcox, Filipe Brandenburger]
+ Note that "parent" for purposes of PR_SET_DEATHSIG is a *thread*
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43300
+
+sendfile.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Newton]
+ Note that sendfile does not support O_APPEND for 'out_fd'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=82841
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gregor Jasny]
+ RETURN VALUE: note the possibility of "short sends"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97491
+ Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin]
+ Clarify text on 'out_fd' and regular files in Linux 2.4
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86001
+
+shutdown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stéphane Aulery]
+ BUGS: UNIX domain sockets now detect invalid 'how' values
+ Bug fixed in Linux 3.7.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer the reader to fcntl(2) F_SETSIG for further details on si_fd
+
+stat.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Add note about stat() being racy
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Improve description of some mode constants
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
+ Remove excessive leading zeros on some constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add text on POSIX terms "file mode bits" and "file permission bits"
+ Recent changes to various pages employ this distinction.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ According to POSIX, the 9 UGO*RWX bits are permissions, and
+ 'mode' is used to refer to collectively to those bits plus sticky,
+ set-UID, and set_GID bits.
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dmesg(1)
+
+umask.2
+open.2
+mknod.2
+mkdir.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Explain what default ACLs do
+ Explain the effect that default ACLs have (instead of the umask)
+ in umask.2. Mention that default ACLs can have an affect in
+ open.2, mknod.2, and mkdir.2.
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Give the reader a hint that unshare() works on processes or threads
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59281
+
+atexit.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+bsearch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+cmsg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Head]
+ Fix error in SCM_RIGHTS code sample
+ Remove erroneous second initialization of msg.msg_controllen
+ in the example code for SCM_RIGHTS.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15952
+
+CPU_SET.3
+ Chris Metcalf
+ Clarify language about "available" cpus
+ The CPU_SET.3 man page uses the adjective "available" when
+ explaining what the argument to CPU_SET() means. This is
+ confusing, since "available" isn't well-defined. The kernel
+ has a set of adjectives (possible, present, online, and active)
+ that qualify cpus, but normally none of these are what the
+ cpu_set_t bit index means: it's just "which cpu", using the
+ kernel's internal numbering system, even if that cpu isn't
+ possible or present.
+
+ This change removes the word "available" and adds a sentence
+ warning that cpu sets may not be contiguous due to dynamic
+ cpu hotplug, etc.
+
+err.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+ftw.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ NSS plugins searched first
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ "order" is obsolete
+
+gethostid.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getmntent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use exit() rather than return in main()
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Guy Harris]
+ Remove crufty BUGS section
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90261
+
+iconv_close.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+inet_ntop.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+longjmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+lsearch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+mcheck.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+on_exit.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger]
+ Merge dprintf() and vdprintf() discussion into this page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add puts(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move return value discussion to proper RETURN VALUE section
+
+putpwent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+qsort.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+regex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurence Gonsalves]
+ Fix error in description of 'cflags'
+ 'cflags' is a bit mask of *zero* (not one) or more flags.
+
+resolver.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add info about RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option in debug mode
+
+scanf.3
+ Joern Heissler
+ Improve description of %n specifier
+
+setjmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+setlocale.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+setlogmask.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+sleep.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+strsignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+sysconf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+undocumented.3
+ William Woodruff
+ Remove documented functions
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Denis Du]
+ Fix error in code example
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Cameron Norman, Vasiliy Kulikov]
+ Document /proc mount options
+ Document the 'hidepid' and 'gid' mount options that were added in
+ Linux 3.3. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90641
+ Based on text by Vasiliy Kulikov in
+ Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/status
+ Guillem Jover
+ Document /proc/PID/exe behaviour on unlinked pathnames
+ Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
+ Document /proc/PID/status VmPMD
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
+ Document use-vc option added to glibc 2.14
+ Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
+ Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
+ Document RES_SNGLKUPREOP
+ Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
+
+tzfile.5
+ Sam Varshavchik
+ Add various details on version 2 format
+
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details and update URL for OLS 2003 paper on AIO
+
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alain Kalker]
+ Update discussion of 'debug' option
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97161
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summary of multiple changes: remove cruft from this page.
+ Much of the detail on hardware specifics in this page dates
+ from the 20th century. (The last major update to this page was in
+ man-pages-1.14!) It's hugely out of date now (many of these
+ devices disappeared from the kernel years ago.) So, I've taken
+ a large scythe to the page to remove anything that looks
+ seriously dated. In the process, the page has shrunk to less
+ than 50% of its previous size.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "buff=" details
+ This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Mouse drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "General non-device-specific boot arguments" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Hard disks" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "mem=" details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty details on IBM MCA bus devices
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove 'swap=" details
+ This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2,
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty floppy disk driver options
+ In the specific case of floppy drives: the drivers still
+ exist, but it's been a while since most of saw these devices
+ in the wild. So, just refer the reader to the kernel source
+ file for details. (The detail in this man page was after all
+ originally drawn from that file.)
+ Remove crufty "ISDN drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "line printer driver" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Serial port drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to CONFIG_BUGi386
+ That option disappeared in Linux 2.4.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty text
+ "bootsetups array" dates from Linux 2.0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Video hardware" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty SCSI device driver options
+
+fanotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates FAN_MODIFY events
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates IN_MODIFY events
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP determines its argument type
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jiri Pirko, Magnus REFTEL]
+ Clarify details of the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Advait Dixi]
+ Remove dubious text that says that SO_PRIORITY sets IP TOS
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35852
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate misplaced text describing ENOPROTOOPT error
+
+packet.7
+ Graham Shaw
+ Add sll_protocol to list of required fields for outbound packets
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
+ Using thread IDs whose lifetime has expired gives undefined behavior
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53061
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
+ For incoming datagrams, sin_port is set to zero
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention sendto(), recvfrom(), and so on when discussing address format
+ This gives the reader a little context for the following
+ discussion of 'sin_port'.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to <netinet/in.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace reference to RFC 1700 with pointer to IANA protocol number list
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steinar H. Gunderson]
+ Clarify that I/O operations on disks are not interrupted by signals
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97721
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Lohr]
+ Remove mention of UNIX_PATH_MAX
+ This kernel constant is not exposed to user space.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the 108 bytes for sun_path is how things are done on Linux
+ And refer the reader to NOTES for discussion of portability.
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EA limits for Btrfs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document VFS-imposed limits on EAs
+ VFS imposes a 255-byte limit on EA names, and a 64kB limit on
+ EA values.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ext[234] block limitation applies to sum of all EAs
+ It is not a per-EA limit.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify permissions required to work with 'user' EAs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ext2 and ext3 no longer need mounting with 'user_xattr' for user EAs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add various relevant pages to SEE ALSO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CONFORMING TO section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Modify headings to man-pages norms
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Btrfs also supports extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities are implemented using *security* attributes
+ Not *system* attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe limit on EA values for JFS, XFS, and Reiserfs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly mention some of the xattr system calls in DESCRIPTION
+ Naming the system calls helps to orient the reader
+
+nscd.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of 'services' and 'netgroup' databases
+ This makes the page consistent with nscd.conf(5).
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.01 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-07-23, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun@redhat.com>
+Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
+Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Thompson <cjsthompson@gmail.com>
+Cortland Setlow <cortland.setlow@gmail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Leppik <dleppik@vocalabs.com>
+Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+Doug Klima <cardoe@gentoo.org>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Hack NDo <hackndo@gmail.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
+Jian Wen <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
+Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
+Julian Orth <ju.orth@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mehdi Aqadjani Memar <m.aqadjanimemar@student.vu.nl>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Hayward <hayward@loup.net>
+Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <uwe+debian@kleine-koenig.org>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+文剑 <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Alexei Starovoitov, Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann]
+ New page documenting bpf(2)
+
+__ppc_get_timebase.3
+ Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
+ New page documenting __ppc_get_timebase() and __ppc_get_timebase_freq()
+ Glibc 2.16 was released with a new function for the Power
+ architecture that can read its Time Base Register.
+ Glibc 2.17 adds a function to read the frequency at which the Time
+ Base Register of Power processors is updated.
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Leppik, Doug Klima]
+ Reimport from latest FreeBSD page
+ Long ago, Doug Klima noted that many macros were not
+ documented in the queue(3) page. Fix by reimporting from
+ latest [1] FreeBSD man page.
+
+ [1] Revision 263142, Modified Fri Mar 14 03:07:51 2014 UTC
+
+ This also fixes https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506
+
+ This time, I'll learn from past mistakes and not convert
+ from 'mdoc' to 'man' macros.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use subsections in DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent tree(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use real hyphens in code samples
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out text for functions not in glibc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace HISTORY with CONFORMING TO
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szeredi]
+ Document RENAME_WHITEOUT
+ Heavily based on text by Miklos Szeredi.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+__ppc_get_timebase_freq.3
+ Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
+ New link to new __ppc_get_timebase(3) page
+
+LIST_EMPTY.3
+LIST_FIRST.3
+LIST_FOREACH.3
+LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3
+LIST_NEXT.3
+SLIST_EMPTY.3
+SLIST_ENTRY.3
+SLIST_FIRST.3
+SLIST_FOREACH.3
+SLIST_HEAD.3
+SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+SLIST_INIT.3
+SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
+SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
+SLIST_NEXT.3
+SLIST_REMOVE.3
+SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_CONCAT.3
+STAILQ_EMPTY.3
+STAILQ_ENTRY.3
+STAILQ_FIRST.3
+STAILQ_FOREACH.3
+STAILQ_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+STAILQ_INIT.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
+STAILQ_NEXT.3
+STAILQ_REMOVE.3
+STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3
+TAILQ_CONCAT.3
+TAILQ_EMPTY.3
+TAILQ_FIRST.3
+TAILQ_FOREACH.3
+TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3
+TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
+TAILQ_LAST.3
+TAILQ_NEXT.3
+TAILQ_PREV.3
+TAILQ_SWAP.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to queue.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
+ Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings
+ The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in
+ the title. These subsections are about describing differences
+ between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+intro.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
+ Drop intro paragraph on '$?' shell variable
+ As Andries notes, this piece of text is rather out of place in
+ a page that was intended to provide a tutorial introduction for
+ beginners logging in on a Linux system.
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ A minor output format clarification
+ A minor clarification for the locale output format which was
+ brought up at
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516.
+
+ For reference, see
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/locale.html
+
+ Add CONFORMING TO section
+
+capget.2
+ Julian Orth
+ Clarify that hdrp->pid==0 is equivalent gettid() not getpid()
+
+chroot.2
+ Jann Horn
+ chroot() is not intended for security; document attack
+ It is unfortunate that this discourages this use of chroot(2)
+ without pointing out alternative solutions - for example,
+ OpenSSH and vsftpd both still rely on chroot(2) for security.
+
+ Bind mounts should theoretically be usable as a replacement, but
+ currently, they have a similar problem (CVE-2015-2925) that hasn't
+ been fixed in ~6 months, so I'd rather not add it to the manpage
+ as a solution before a fix lands.
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+eventfd.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate on envp/argv as NULL behavior
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Open stdio frames are not flushed, temporary files are deleted
+ Many years ago, text was added to the page saying that it is
+ implementation-dependent whether stdio streams are flushed and
+ whether temporary are removed. In part, this change appears to
+ be because POSIX.1-2001 added text related to this point.
+ However, that seems to have been an error in POSIX, and the
+ text was subsequently removed for POSIX.1-2008. See
+ https://collaboration.opengroup.org/austin/interps/documents/9984/AI-085.txt
+ Austin Group Interpretation reference 1003.1-2001 #085
+
+fallocate.2
+ Namjae Jeon [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.2, ext4 supports FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ OFD locks are proposed for inclusion in the next POSIX revision
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getrusage.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that for a thread group leader, gettid() == getpid()
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some historical libc5 and glibc 1 details
+ These details are ancient, and long ago ceased to be relevant.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Document meaning of ioprio==0
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mehdi Aqadjani Memar]
+ Document another ENOMEM error case
+ ENOMEM can occur if locking/unlocking in the middle of a region
+ would increase the number of VMAs beyond the system limit (64k).
+
+mmap.2
+ Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
+ Clarify MAP_POPULATE
+ David Rientjes has noticed that MAP_POPULATE wording might promise
+ much more than the kernel actually provides and intends to provide.
+ The primary usage of the flag is to pre-fault the range. There is
+ no guarantee that no major faults will happen later on. The pages
+ might have been reclaimed by the time the process tries to access
+ them.
+ Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
+ Clarify MAP_LOCKED semantics
+ MAP_LOCKED had a subtly different semantic from mmap(2)+mlock(2)
+ since it has been introduced.
+ mlock(2) fails if the memory range cannot get populated to
+ guarantee that no future major faults will happen on the range.
+ mmap(MAP_LOCKED) on the other hand silently succeeds even if
+ the range was populated only partially.
+
+ Fixing this subtle difference in the kernel is rather awkward
+ because the memory population happens after mm locks have been
+ dropped and so the cleanup before returning failure (munlock)
+ could operate on something else than the originally mapped area.
+
+ E.g. speculative userspace page fault handler catching SEGV and
+ doing mmap(fault_addr, MAP_FIXED|MAP_LOCKED) might discard portion
+ of a racing mmap and lead to lost data. Although it is not clear
+ whether such a usage would be valid, mmap page doesn't explicitly
+ describe requirements for threaded applications so we cannot
+ exclude this possibility.
+
+ This patch makes the semantic of MAP_LOCKED explicit and suggests
+ using mmap + mlock as the only way to guarantee no later major
+ page faults.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: point out that ENOMEM can occur even for munmap()
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ENOMEM error that can occur when we reach limit on maximum VMAs
+
+open.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Hayward]
+ Clarify that O_NONBLOCK is a no-op for regular files and block devices
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Joerg Roedel]
+ Exclude_host/exclude_guest clarification
+ This patch relates to the exclude_host and exclude_guest bits added
+ by the following commit:
+
+ exclude_host, exclude_guest; Linux 3.2
+ commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799
+ Author: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
+ Date: Wed Oct 5 14:01:16 2011 +0200
+
+ perf, core: Introduce attrs to count in either host or guest mode
+
+ The updated manpage text clarifies that the "exclude_host" and
+ "exclude_guest" perf_event_open() attr bits only apply in the
+ context of a KVM environment and are currently x86 only.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
+ This patch relates to the addition of PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
+ support added in the following commit:
+
+ perf_sample_regs_intr; Linux 3.19
+ commit 60e2364e60e86e81bc6377f49779779e6120977f
+ Author: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
+
+ perf: Add ability to sample machine state on interrupt
+
+ The primary difference between PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR and the
+ existing PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER is that the new support will
+ return kernel register values. Also if precise_ip is
+ set higher than 0 then the PEBS register state will be returned
+ rather than the saved interrupt state.
+
+ This patch incorporates feedback from Stephane Eranian and
+ Andi Kleen.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT disallows exit_group(2)
+ These days, glibc implements _exit() as a wrapper around
+ exit_group(2). (When seccomp was originally introduced, this was
+ not the case.) Give the reader a clue that, despite what glibc is
+ doing, what SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT permits is the true _exit(2)
+ system call, and not exit_group(2).
+
+pread.2
+read.2
+readv.2
+sendfile.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that Linux limits transfers to a maximum of 0x7ffff000 bytes
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/629994 and
+ https://bugs.debian.org/630029.
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite RETURN VALUE section
+ (Also drop the text on pwrite() returning zero; that seems bogus.)
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
+ PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT clarification
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove BUGS heading
+ The text on mixing I/O syscalls and stdio is a general point
+ of behavior. It's not a bug as such.
+
+recv.2
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain some subtleties of MSG_DONTWAIT versus O_NONBLOCK
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed with RENAME_EXCHANGE
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Explain how to deal with 1024-CPU limitation of glibc's cpu_set_t type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the use of the 'isolcpus' kernel boot option
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Julian Orth
+ Remove a const attribute
+ The attr argument of sched_setattr was documented as const but the
+ kernel will modify the size field of this struct if it contains an
+ invalid value. See the documentation of the size field for details.
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand on subtleties of MSG_NOSIGNAL versus ignoring SIGPIPE
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+socket.2
+ Stephan Mueller
+ Update documentation reference for AF_ALG
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: ftruncate() can fail if the file descriptor is not writable
+
+utimensat.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ After research, We think utimensat() and futimens() are thread-safe.
+ But, there are not markings of utimensat() and futimens() in glibc
+ document.
+
+clearenv.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+error.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+fexecve.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+fpurge.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+fread.3
+ Andries E. Brouwer
+ Clarify terminology
+ In the "RETURN VALUE" section the word item is in italics
+ as if it were one of the function parameters. But the word
+ "item" occurs here for the first time, earlier the text
+ uses "element". [Patch improves this.]
+
+fts.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getaddrinfo_a.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities also trigger AT_SECURE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document AT_HWCAP2
+
+getgrent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laszlo Ersek]
+ Remove mention of IPv6 addresses, which are not supported
+ As reported by Laszlo Ersek:
+
+ gethostbyname(3) fails to resolve the IPv6 address "::1",
+ but the manual page says: "If name is an IPv4 or IPv6 address,
+ no lookup is performed and gethostbyname() simply copies name
+ into the h_name field [...]".
+
+ Debian bug report:
+ http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455762
+
+ glibc bug report:
+ http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5479
+
+ SUSv3 link for gethostbyname(3):
+ http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostbyname.html
+
+ It seems that the glibc behavior is conformant, and the manual
+ page is in error.
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getnameinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getnetent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getprotoent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getprotoent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getpw.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getpwent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getrpcent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getrpcent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getrpcport.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getservent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getservent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+gsignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+key_setsecret.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+malloc_get_state.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+malloc_stats.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+MB_LEN_MAX.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of MB_LEN_MAX
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pádraig Brady]
+ MB_LEN_MAX is 16 in modern glibc versions
+
+memcpy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: describe the glibc 2.13 changes that revealed buggy applications
+ Adding a note on this point seems worthwhile as a way of
+ emphasizing the point that the buffers must not overlap.
+
+mq_notify.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements and clarifications
+
+profil.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+psignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use "%zd" for printing size_t in example code
+
+pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_cancel.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_cleanup_push.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_getattr_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_tryjoin_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+putgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+rcmd.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+resolver.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+rpc.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+rpmatch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+sem_close.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+sem_open.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+setaliasent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+setlocale.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
+
+setlocale.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Tweak C/POSIX locale portability description
+ As discussed earlier, the current description might be a little
+ bit too stringent, let's avoid the issue by describing the
+ portability aspect on a slightly higher level.
+
+ References:
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap06.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
+
+shm_open.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+strfmon.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document strfmon_l(3)
+ Describe strfmon_l(3).
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix CONFORMING TO
+ AFAICS strfmon(3) is now defined in POSIX and the glibc
+ implementation is as specified there.
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Rewrite the example
+ I think the example is more accurate when we use the exact
+ locale names and also the Euro sign where appropriate.
+
+xcrypt.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+xdr.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+console_codes.4
+ Scot Doyle [Pavel Machek, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add CSI sequence for cursor blink interval
+ Add a Console Private CSI sequence to specify the current
+ console's cursor blink interval. The interval is specified
+ as a number of milliseconds until the next cursor display
+ state toggle, from 50 to 65535.
+
+null.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that reads from /dev/zero are interruptible since Linux 2.6.31
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention 'coredump_filter' boot option
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fix: s/resolv+/the resolver library/
+ The term "resolv+" seems to be historical cruft.
+
+hosts.equiv.5
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Fix format, clarify IdM needs, and provide examples.
+ In some recent work with a Red Hat customer I had the opportunity
+ to discuss the fine nuances of the ruserok() function and related
+ API which are used to implement rlogin and rsh.
+
+ It came to my attention after working with QE on some automated
+ internal testing that there were no good examples in the hosts.equiv
+ manual page showing how the format was supposed to work for this
+ file and for ~/.rhosts, worse the "format" line showed that there
+ should be spaces between arguments when that would clearly lead
+ to incorrect behaviour. In addition some things that the format
+ allows you to write are just wrong like "-host -user" which makes
+ no sense since the host is already rejected, and should be written
+ as "host -user" instead. I added notes in the example to make it
+ clear that "-host -user" is invalid.
+
+ I fixed three things:
+
+ (a) The format line.
+ - Either +, or [-]hostname, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
+ - Either +, or [-]username, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
+ - You must specify something in the hostname portion so remove
+ optional brackets.
+
+ (b) Clarify language around credentials
+ - If the host is not trusted you must provide credentials to
+ the login system and that could be anything really and it
+ depends on your configuration e.g. PAM or whatever IdM you have.
+
+ (c) Provide real-world examples
+ - Provide several real world examples and some corner case
+ examples for how you would write something. Hopefully others
+ can add examples as they see fit.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, Arjun Shankar]
+ Improve explanation in EXAMPLE
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document map to_inpunct, map to_outpunct
+ See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document class in LC_CTYPE
+ See e.g. the locale zh_CN and
+
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add iconv(1) reference
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document character transliteration
+ See e.g. da_DK for reference.
+
+ (Not sure should we actually provide an example here?)
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document era keywords
+ This patch completes the LC_TIME section - since these era
+ keywords are so tightly coupled, I'm providing them as a
+ single patch.
+
+ Based on
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document default_missing
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document outdigit and alt_digits
+ See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to locale(7) more prominently
+ It's probably a good idea to refer to locale(7) so that a reader
+ can check what a category is about before describing them in
+ detail.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document charclass and charconv
+ See e.g. the locales ja_JP and ko_KR and
+
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Copy is not exclusive in LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE
+ See e.g. da_DK for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove the FIXME for timezone
+ The timezone of LC_TIME is not in POSIX, only 6 (out of ~300)
+ glibc locales define it, the glibc code comment below from
+ glibc.git/programs/ld-time.c seems to suggest it's not a good
+ idea, and there's been a proposal in upstream [1] to remove the
+ existing timezone definitions from glibc locales so I think
+ it's actually better to leave this one undocumented:
+
+ /* XXX We don't perform any tests on the timezone value since this is
+ simply useless, stupid $&$!@... */
+
+ 1) https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-06/msg00098.html
+
+ Move the remaining LC_COLLATE FIXMEs together while at it.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix country_isbn format
+ Both plain numbers and Unicode code points are used in
+ glibc locales but checking the code reveals that country_isbn
+ is handled like the rest of its category expect for country_num
+ which was clarified earlier.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Sort according to the standard
+ Sort the options so that those defined in POSIX are listed first,
+ then followed by those defined in ISO/IEC TR 14652 in the order
+ of common convention in many widely used glibc locales.
+
+ Actual descriptions are unchanged.
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to strftime(3) where appropriate
+ The relationship between the locale time format syntax
+ and strftime() cannot be considered as obvious.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document map "totitle"
+ See e.g. locales/i18n for reference.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Remove BUGS section saying man page is not complete
+ To some degree, this is true of many pages. And anyway, this
+ page is much better after recent work by Marko.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List /proc/vmstat fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak /proc/vmstat text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/crypto entry with a pointer to further information
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sysctl_writes_strict
+ Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move misordered /proc/[pid]/timers entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to bpf(2) for explanation of /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Symbolic names AKA mnemonics
+ A long time ago in glibc, repertoire maps were used (but they
+ were removed already in 2000), those mapping files were named
+ as mnemonics, so "mnemonic" is a term that would almost
+ certainly come up if somebody studies glibc side (perhaps even
+ the related standards like ISO 9945 [which I don't have access
+ to]) so I thought it's worth to mention to term in the man page
+ to make sure we're talking about the same thing, otherwise
+ someone might wonder is that something different or not.
+
+ IOW, symbolic names and mnemonics are often used interchangeably,
+ let's mention the other often used term in the page, too.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows calling bpf(2)
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ LC_CTYPE determines transliteration rules on glibc systems
+
+packet.7
+ 文剑 [Cortland Setlow]
+ Fix description of binding a packet socket to an interface
+
+pty.7
+ NeilBrown [Peter Hurley]
+ Clarify asynchronous nature of PTY I/O
+ A PTY is not like a pipe - there may be delayed between data
+ being written at one end and it being available at the other.
+
+ This became particularly apparent after
+ commit f95499c3030f
+ ("n_tty: Don't wait for buffer work in read() loop")
+ in Linux 3.12
+
+ See also the mail thread at https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/1/35
+ Date Mon, 04 May 2015 12:32:04 -0400
+ From Peter Hurley <>
+ Subject Re: [PATCH bisected regression] input_available_p()
+ sometimes says 'no' when it should say 'yes'
+
+rtld-audit.7
+ Ben Woodard
+ Use correct printf() specifier for pointer types
+ In the example code you used %x rather than %p in the example
+ code for an audit library. The problem is that it truncates the
+ pointers on 64b platforms. So you get something like:
+
+ la_symbind64(): symname = strrchr sym->st_value = 0x7f4b8a3f8960
+ ndx = 222 flags = 0x0 refcook = 8b53e5c8 defcook = 8b537e30
+
+ rather than:
+
+ la_symbind64(): symname = fclose sym->st_value = 0x7fa452dd49b0
+ ndx = 1135 flags = 0x0 refcook = 0x7fa453f395c8 defcook = 0x7fa453f32e30
+
+ This has bitten me a handful of times when playing around with
+ audit test libraries to investigate its behavior.
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient, wildly optimistic prediction about future of RT patches
+ It seems the patches were not merged by 2.6.30...
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
+
+vdso.7
+ Nathan Lynch [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update for ARM
+ The 32-bit ARM architecture in Linux has gained a vDSO as of the
+ 4.1 release. (I was the primary author.)
+
+ Document the symbols exported by the ARM VDSO.
+
+ Accepted kernel submission:
+ http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-arm-kernel/2015-March/332573.html
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.02 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-08-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
+Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Goswin von Brederlow <goswin-v-b@web.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jonathan David Amery <jdamery@ysolde.ucam.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Nicholas Miell <nmiell@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Yaarit <yaarit@gmail.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+dladdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting dladdr() and dladdr1()
+ Relocate/rewrite dladdr() text formerly contained in dlopen(3).
+
+ Add documentation of dladdr1().
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+dlerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate dlerror(3) to new separate man page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the returned message may be in a statically allocated buffer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the returned string does not include a trailing newline
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+dlinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing dlinfo(3)
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page was substantially rewritten and enhanced. Notably:
+ * the dladdr(), dlsym, dlvsym(), and dlerror() content were moved
+ to separate new pages;
+ * documentation for dlmopen was added;
+ * and other changes as noted below.
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move atexit() discussion under "Initialization and Finalization"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of _init() and _fini() to NOTES
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of initialization and finalization functions
+ Deemphasize the obsolete _init/_fini and give more prominence
+ to gcc constructors/destructors.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlclose() will unload the object when all references have been released
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: Remove mention of "-rdynamic"
+ That option isn't needed for compiling and running this program.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to ld.so info page
+ The command "info ld.so" simply shows the man page...
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize conformance information for 'flags'
+
+dlsysm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move dlsym() and dlvsym() content to new separate page
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk, Carlos O'Donell
+ Document dlmopen(3)
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Sam Varshavchik, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add documentation for nl_langinfo_l(3)
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
+ GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions (__ppc_set_ppr_low(3),
+ __ppc_set_ppr_med(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med_low(3)) that provide
+ access to the Program Priority Register (PPR).
+
+__ppc_yield.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC performance-hint functions
+ GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions __ppc_yield(3), __ppc_mdoio(3),
+ and __ppc_mdoom(3) that can be used provide a hint that
+ performance could be improved if shared resources are released
+ for use by other processors.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+dladdr1.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to (new) dladdr(3) page
+
+dlmopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to dlopen.3
+
+dlvsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust link to point to new self-contained dlsym(3) page
+
+nl_langinfo_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to nl_langinfo.3
+
+__ppc_mdoio.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_yield.3
+
+__ppc_mdoom.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_yield.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Very many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO section to reflect POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
+ details. (By now, I believe all pages should be up to date with
+ respect to appropriately mentioning POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.)
+
+ldd.1
+sprof.1
+execve.2
+dlopen.3
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Prefer "shared object" over "shared library"
+ The man pages variously use "shared library" or "shared object".
+ Try to more consistently use one term ("shared object"), while
+ also pointing out on a few pages that the terms are synonymous.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of POSIX.1-2008 regarding EAGAIN vs EWOULDBLOCK
+
+bpf.2
+ Daniel Borkmann
+ Various updates/follow-ups to address some fixmes
+ A couple of follow-ups to the bpf(2) man-page, besides others:
+
+ * Description of map data types
+ * Explanation on eBPF tail calls and program arrays
+ * Paragraph on tc holding ref of the eBPF program in the kernel
+ * Updated ASCII image with tc ingress and egress invocations
+ * __sync_fetch_and_add() and example usage mentioned on arrays
+ * minor reword on the licensing and other minor fixups
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword text on POSIX and #!
+
+io_getevents.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note return value on interruption by a signal handler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of return value for timeout-expired case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify and extend discussion of 'timeout' argument
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'length' need not be a page-size multiple for munmap()
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Rientjes, David Rientjes, Mike Kravetz]
+ Describe mmap()/munmap() argument requirements for huge-page mappings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of timestamps to NOTES
+ A straight move; no changes to the content.
+ This content is better placed in NOTES.
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mention libseccomp pages
+ SEE ALSO: add scmp_sys_resolver(1)
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the list of flags that were added in POSIX.1-2001
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Goswin von Brederlow]
+ Clarify use of SOCK_* flags in 'type' argument
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/794217
+
+atexit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3)
+
+clock_getcpuclockid.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of EPERM error
+ It's imprecise to say that this is an "optional" error
+ in POSIX.1.
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'size' allows callback() to discover structure extensions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dladdr(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that this function appears on some other systems
+
+fseeko.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty NOTES section
+ This ancient System V detail is unneeded.
+
+getutent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention POSIX.1-2008 for the "utmpx" functions
+
+iconv_close.3
+iconv_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: change "UNIX98" to "SUSv2"
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change "UNIX 98" to "SUSv2"
+
+mktemp.3
+ Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy
+ Reference mkdtemp(3) in addition to mkstemp(3)
+ Mention mkdtemp(3) as another secure alternative to mktemp(3).
+
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2898.
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of 'timeout'
+ In particular, remove the word 'ceiling', which falsely
+ suggests that the call might return prematurely.
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly describe the return value on success
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX specifies that the caller may not modify the returned string
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance RETURN VALUE description
+ Note some further cases where returned string may be
+ invalidated or overwritten.
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat CONFORMING to information
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'sys_errlist' and 'sys_nerr' are not in POSIX.1
+
+posix_openpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword text regarding systems that don't have posix_openpt()
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: update details for dprintf() and vdprintf()
+
+setlogmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove useless statement in CONFORMING TO
+ Saying that the description in PSOX.1-2001 is flawed,
+ without saying what the fla is, is not helpful.
+ (And no, I don't know what the flaw is.)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add POSIX.1-2008 details regarding group ID of new shared memory object
+
+strfmon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix erroneous CONFORMING to
+ strfmon() is in POSIX.1.
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Clarify effects of file moves
+ If files or directories are moved to other mounts, the inode is
+ deleted. Fanotify marks are lost.
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicholas Miell]
+ Note that i386 and x86-64 binaries can't share mutexes
+
+sched.7
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix descriptions of sched_get_priority_max() / sched_get_priority_min()
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+shm_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update with POSIX.1-2008 details for link(2)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery]
+ Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/794559.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-05, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Casper Ti. Vector <caspervector@gmail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Johannes Stüttgen <Johannes.Stuettgen@gmail.com>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Maria Guseva <m.guseva@samsung.com>
+Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
+Meikun Wang <alikewmk@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Olivier TARTROU <olivier.tartrou@gmail.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX sample support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 data_offset and data_size fields
+ Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin]
+ Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.0 update rdpmc documentation
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document 4.1 clockid support
+ Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu]
+ 4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds aux_watermark
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add possibility of EBUSY error
+
+prctl.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document operations for ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text
+ Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT
+ RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case
+ ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
+ GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b
+ extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority
+ Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3)
+ and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3).
+
+capabilities.7
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mremap.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko]
+ Add note about mremap() with locked areas
+ When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked
+ with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new
+ area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if
+ the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this
+ might come as a surprise to users and should be noted.
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale]
+ Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT
+ An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag.
+ That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement
+ this flag, so remove mention of it.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder options alphabetically
+ Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal
+ of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add prctl(2)
+
+reboot.2
+ Casper Ti. Vector
+ 1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mlock(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add userfaultfd()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen]
+ Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition
+
+dirfd.3
+ Jonathan Wakely
+ Remove outdated NOTES
+ As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also
+ declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros.
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE
+ Quoting Florian:
+
+ This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script:
+
+ handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY);
+
+ The proper way to do this is to include <gnu/lib-names.h>
+ and use LIBM_SO.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+fgetgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for AT_SECURE
+
+getspnam.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+mallopt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text relating to MT-safety
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention glibc emulation caveats
+
+termios.3
+ Olivier TARTROU
+ Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK
+ For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes
+ with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377.
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67
+
+core.5
+ Ross Zwisler
+ Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags
+ Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags,
+ MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED.
+
+ These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings.
+ This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb
+ mappings, have the potential to be very large.
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add list of files being read when "files" service is used
+ This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file
+ being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not
+ always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which
+ file is read for each respective database. The list of
+ files was acquired from glibc source code.
+
+proc.5
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add details for threads-max
+ Add detail information for threads-max.
+ The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1.
+ https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ /proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang]
+ Add missing include file, <fcntl.h>, to example program
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
+ Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2
+
+path_resolution.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+rtld-audit.7
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description
+ s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/
+
+ la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of
+ framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter()
+ returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to
+ figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko]
+ Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1
+
+tcp.7
+ Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet
+ Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's
+ not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description
+ for tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+ on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva]
+ Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode
+ Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva.
+ Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen]
+ LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-29, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Archie Cobbs <archie.cobbs@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Colin Rice <colin@daedrum.net>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
+Phil Blundell <pb@pbcl.net>
+Richard Voigt <richardvoigt@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker]
+ Rewrite and massively expand page
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting membarrier() system call
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mlock.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+mlock2.2
+ Eric B Munson
+ New link to mlock.2
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+epoll_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering]
+ The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword EINVAL error text
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+inotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+personality.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call
+
+poll.2
+ Richard Voigt
+ timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll()
+ The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact
+ that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming:
+ s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/
+
+sendfile.2
+ Laurent Georget
+ Document more ERRORS
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+socketcall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API
+
+time.2
+ Zack Weinberg
+ Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu]
+ Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert]
+ Describe EOVERFLOW details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename 't' argument to 'tloc'
+
+dlerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+drand48.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/803459
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note probable cause of ENFILE error
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Pádraig Brady
+ Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax
+
+iconv.3
+ Andries E. Brouwer
+ NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs]
+ Clarify need to use initstate_r()
+
+tzset.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error
+
+futex.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO updates
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ NPTL, avoid abbreviation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note on strace(1) and vDSO
+
+ld.so.8
+ H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
+Alan Aversa <alan.aversa@cox.net>
+Alan Cox <etchedpixels@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
+Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
+Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
+Bill O. Gallmeister <bgallmeister@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chris Pick <kernel@chrispick.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel Corona <gabriel.corona@enst-bretagne.fr>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
+Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
+Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
+Jeremy Harris <jeharris@redhat.com>
+Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
+Joe Stein <joeaarons@gmail.com>
+John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kondo, Naoya <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Krzysztof Adamski <k@japko.eu>
+Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
+Marianne CHEVROT <blackmoor@openmailbox.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Post <mpost@suse.com>
+Martin Gebert <Murphy.Gebert@gmx.de>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@linuxfoundation.org>
+Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>`
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Naoya Kondo <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kernel@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
+Orion Poplawski <orion@cora.nwra.com>
+Pakin Yury <zxwarior@yandex.ru>
+Patrick Donnelly <batrick@batbytes.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Philip Semanchuk <linux_kernel.20.ick@spamgourmet.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
+Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
+Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <lkppo@free.fr>
+Stephen Hurd <shurd@sasktel.net>
+Vincent Bernat <bernat@luffy.cx>
+William Preston <wpreston@suse.de>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting copy_file_range()
+ copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data
+ completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to
+ implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or
+ server-side-copy (in the case of NFS).
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of
+ personality domains.
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella]
+ Significant reworking of this page:
+ * Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode
+ * Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page.
+ * Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22
+ * Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument
+ * Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments
+ * Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream
+
+ntp_gettime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3)
+
+open_memstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by split of fmemopen(3).
+ At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text.
+
+posix_spawn.3
+ Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3)
+
+readdir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Split readdir_r() content into separate page
+ As suggested by Florian Weimer:
+
+ It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate
+ manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the
+ readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers
+ will never have to consult all these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert]
+ Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field
+
+readdir_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ New page created after split of readdir(3).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove misleading code example using pathconf()
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ New page documenting lirc device driver
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ntp_adjtime(3)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron]
+ Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
+
+madvise.2
+ Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_FREE
+ Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document additional /proc/meminfo fields
+ Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly]
+ /proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag
+ Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info.
+
+socket.7
+ Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat]
+ Document some BPF-related socket options
+ Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the
+ following socket options:
+
+ SO_ATTACH_FILTER
+ SO_ATTACH_BPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF
+ SO_DETACH_FILTER
+ SO_DETACH_BPF
+ SO_LOCK_FILTER
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+isalpha_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to isalpha.3
+
+longjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp()
+
+ntp_adjtime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to adjtimex(2)
+
+ntp_gettimex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to ntp_gettime.3
+
+open_wmemstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page
+
+posix_spawnp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new posix_spawn.3 page
+
+siglongjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewire link to point to setjmp(3)
+
+strerror_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to strerror.3
+ Fix missing link
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by
+ glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM
+ requirements in various pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS
+ Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the
+ requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now
+ documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining
+ _ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need
+ to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements
+ in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies
+ the SYNOPSIS a little.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not
+ subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same
+ effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying
+ the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+ to just:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
+
+ This has the following benefits:
+
+ a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient
+ historical information.
+
+ b) Preventing users from being misled into using
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
+ _POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
+ obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
+ in the feature test macro requirements section of the
+ SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
+ mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
+ A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where
+ defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior.
+
+Various sockets-related pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths
+ As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across
+ pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and
+ function arguments.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset"
+ "File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Word "descriptor" more precisely
+ Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add "locale -c charmap" as an example
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511.
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add hint on purpose of --no-archive
+ Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue
+ is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put
+ it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the
+ locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.)
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve description for EBADF
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz]
+ Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove FTM requirements
+ It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my
+ earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't refer reader to adjtime(3)
+ Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more
+ portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju]
+ Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of some PPS timex fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ATTRIBUTES section
+ William Preston [Petr Gajdos]
+ Update a detail in adjtimex return value description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY
+
+bdflush.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23
+
+bind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of ENOENT error
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document close-on-exec semantics
+ The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled
+ for FDs returned by bpf().
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE
+ The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific
+ system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical
+ use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue.
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+create_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+delete_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski]
+ Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ld-linux.so(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags
+
+fcntl.2
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8)
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Rework description of F_SETOWN
+ As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling
+ requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at,
+ make a few other cleanups to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN
+ This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy
+ is just to omit mention of it.
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT
+
+get_kernel_syms.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this system call
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Include uapi/linux/wireless.h
+ Add the list of wireless IOCTLs.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Path to sockios.h
+ sockios.h is now in include/uapi
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add reference to netdevice.7
+ netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs)
+ The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is
+ of type struct iwreq *.
+
+ioperm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open(2)
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1)
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo
+ Mark Post [Petr Gajdos]
+ O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EINVAL error description
+
+recv.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Equivalence to read()
+ Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2)
+ equivalences for zero-valued arguments.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets
+
+recv.2
+cmsg.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure
+ The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t,
+ but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t.
+ The information was obtained from glibc source code:
+ http://bit.ly/21m1RMp
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1
+
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer]
+ Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3)
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda]
+ EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2)
+ Change this because of the serious limitation of select()
+ imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can
+ be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the
+ documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should
+ warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation
+ No modern application should use select() on Linux.
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some readability fixes to example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Better variable names in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify 'if' logic in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk]
+ NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/
+ Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall.
+ Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak comment describing 'sempid'
+
+sendfile.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2)
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp()
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3)
+ This man page did not make it obvious which functions
+ should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where
+ those functions were documented.
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'sv' on error
+
+splice.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Improve description of 0 return value.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use consistent case for hex constants
+
+sync.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add more architectures and improve error documentation
+ Move the error register documentation into the main table rather
+ than listing them in sentences after the fact.
+
+ Add sparc error return details.
+
+ Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/
+ tile/xtensa.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add copy_file_range(2)
+
+times.2
+ Kondo, Naoya
+ Fix an incorrect description in NOTES
+ The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says
+ that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct
+ only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just
+ removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough.
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add truncate(1)
+
+uselib.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention CONFIG_USELIB
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call
+
+wait.2
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus"
+ The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called
+ "status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the
+ wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into
+ thinking that the two arguments hold the same information,
+ when of course they don't. So, use a different name
+ for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce
+ the chances of such confusion.
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert]
+ Small fixes to example program
+
+clearenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman]
+ Clarify the use and effect of clearenv()
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/679323
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv()
+
+clog10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show an alternative equivalence for clog10()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ Fix grammar error and add C11.
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov]
+ Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que]
+ Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some explanation of ENOENT error
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+exp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke]
+ SEE ALSO: add expm1(3)
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3)
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions
+
+gamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox]
+ gamma() was documented in SVID 2
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski]
+ Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22
+ Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for
+ POSIX.1-2001 or later.
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwd(1)
+
+opendir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3)
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist'
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Jérémie Galarneau
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+ The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls
+ fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation
+ also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be
+ interrupted.
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error
+
+pthread_setaffinity_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove double CONFORMING TO section
+
+rcmd.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file
+ The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok()
+ functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc
+ source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file
+ is hard linked anywhere.
+
+setbuf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1)
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page
+ The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if
+ setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While
+ we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several
+ more details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point.
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sleep(1)
+
+strftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris]
+ Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218
+
+strlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa]
+ CONFORMING TO: add C11
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execve(2)
+
+termios.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document line length in canonical mode
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/797479
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann]
+ Remove sample implementation of timegm()
+ Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable
+ *non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it
+ hard to disagree. So, remove this code.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand DESCRIPTION a little
+
+st4.4
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove spurious copyright section
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1)
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger]
+ Fix description of STV_PROTECTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_DEFAULT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_HIDDEN
+ Chris Pick
+ Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick]
+ Reword discussion of range values a little
+
+gai.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1)
+ SE ALSO: add gshadow(5)
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger]
+ tel + fax are deprecated
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Update NSS compatibility mode description
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1)
+
+aio.7
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Improve example
+ When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal
+ handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have
+ si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that
+ si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5)
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+fanotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries
+
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a summary of some FTM key points
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same
+ effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ has generally been removed from the man pages.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete
+ Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified
+ in the standard.
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries
+
+ip.7
+ Eric Dumazet
+ Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsns(1)
+ lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear
+ in next release (2.28?).
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pcap(3)
+ SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8)
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016)
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak description of 'sempid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1)
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/743525
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timeout(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3)
+
+unicode.7
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document private use areas
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/285444
+
+unix.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add example
+ A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local
+ interprocess communication is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Ed Avis <eda@waniasset.com>
+Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jordan Birks <birkses@hotmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
+Valery Reznic <valery_reznic@yahoo.com>
+Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel <Zubair.Kakakhel@imgtec.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting cgroups
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn]
+ New page describing cgroup namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document preadv2() and pwritev2()
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support
+
+clone.2
+fork.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic]
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Use %04x to print volume ID
+ Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5)
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework/reorder ERRORS list
+ Make into a single alphabetically ordered list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_BNDERR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_PKUERR
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+makedev.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Use <sys/sysmacros.h> in SYNOPSIS
+ Defining these functions via <sys/types.h> causes problems for
+ some folk. As noted by Zack Wein:
+
+ libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people
+ writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by
+ using a strict conformance mode.
+
+ Since glibc has basically always used <sys/sysmacros.h>,
+ update the docs to have people include that instead.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention that <sys/types.h> may also define these macros
+
+popen.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ RETURN VALUE: describe successful case
+ Reference:
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html
+
+strtod.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis]
+ Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation
+ Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on the on ISO/IEC TR 14652:
+
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change
+ This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change
+ in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Complete LC_COLLATE
+ Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual
+ page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing
+ LC_COLLATE keywords.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ country_car: Add a better description
+
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document group merging
+ Document the recently merged glibc group merge support.
+ Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+cpuset.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ip.7
+ Benjamin Poirier
+ Fix incorrect sockopt name
+ "IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with
+ MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has
+ the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the
+ ip.7 man page.
+
+ Reference:
+ Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt()
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+vdso.7
+ Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update for MIPS
+ Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO.
+ VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards.
+
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev]
+ Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables
+ These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com>
+Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org>
+Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
+Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
+Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com>
+Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
+"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+ Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as
+ BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME.
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls
+ Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as
+ the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls.
+
+nextup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing mount namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document flags used to set propagation type
+ Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the MS_REC flag
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley]
+ Document ptrace access modes
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+preadv2.2
+pwritev2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to readv(2)
+
+nextdown.3
+nextdownf.3
+nextdownl.3
+nextupf.3
+nextupl.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to nextup(3)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the output of ldd
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Drop --old-style description
+ The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style
+ option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with
+ localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16
+ years and I doubt anyone uses it.
+
+add_key.2
+ Mitch Walker
+ Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct an ENOSYS error description
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart]
+ Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
+ Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE
+ equivalences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations
+ At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the
+ FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart]
+ Fix descriptions of various timeouts
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ The page as originally written carried text that said the page may
+ be freely distributed but made no statement about modification.
+ In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact
+ seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a
+ small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose
+ rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original,
+ but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text,
+ I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that
+ modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the
+ original author to grant permission to modify was simply an
+ oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have
+ changed the page have taken that to be the case.)
+
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Fix prototype for get_mempolicy()
+ In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *'
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent
+ The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error,
+ where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in
+ DESCRIPTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2)
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Shawn Landden
+ Note about SECURITY_YAMA
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Clarify the meaning if sig==0
+
+lookup_dcookie.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups
+ The existing text makes no differentiation between different
+ "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as
+ MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general
+ type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the
+ choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in
+ a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple
+ flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to
+ reflect these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES
+ The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location;
+ NOTES is a better location.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount
+ This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/
+ Omar Sandoval
+ MS_BIND still ignores mountflags
+ This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT
+ The behavior changed in Linux 3.17.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL
+ The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example list of filesystem types
+ Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page
+ In preparation for other reworking.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only
+
+open.2
+ Eric Biggers
+ Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE
+
+pciconfig_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay
+ to change the license to note that the page can be modified.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Jann Horn
+ Document new perf_event_paranoid default
+ Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver]
+ Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0
+ The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes
+ a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the
+ current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit
+ words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to
+ make this behavior explicit.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements in timer slack description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to
+ the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5).
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation
+ Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks,
+ and make a few other minor tweaks and additions.
+ Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn
+ Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby]
+ 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks
+ This error appears to have been injected into glibc
+ when copying some headers from BSD.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/825548
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ
+
+setfsgid.2
+setfsuid.2
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper
+ See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1.
+ (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and update various pieces
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+umount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL
+
+assert.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Improved description
+ Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide
+ the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it
+ is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to
+ exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of
+ recommendations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of message printed by assert()
+
+fmax.3
+fmin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fdim(3)
+
+getauxval.3
+ Cownie, James H
+ Correct AT_HWCAP result description
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Mention byte order
+
+malloc_hook.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook
+
+memmem.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note that memmem() is present on some other systems
+
+mkdtemp.3
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1)
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion]
+ Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat()
+ In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating
+ Schlemiel The Painter.
+
+strtoul.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add a64l(3)
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove NOTES section
+ strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the
+ POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221
+
+console_codes.4
+console_ioctl.4
+tty.4
+vcs.4
+charsets.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove console(4) references
+ 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
+ references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
+ to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
+ The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int'
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes.
+
+st.4
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Fix description of read() when block is larger than request
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6
+ Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match
+ the changes in kernel version 4.6.
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc
+ charmap files are using currently.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add readelf(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document missing keywords, minor updates
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust conformance
+
+proc.5
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5)
+ There was partial duplication, and some extra information
+ in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5).
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7)
+ Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ to mount_namespaces(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"]
+ Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to mount_namespaces(7)
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a detail on use of securebits
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error
+
+cp1251.7
+cp1252.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+koi8-r.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add some charset references
+ Add some references to related charsets here and there.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add runuser(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sudo(8)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h>
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Add a few more details on formatting conventions
+ Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting.
+ Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions,
+ and "general".
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently
+ Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description
+ This is a duplicate of information in proc(5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces
+
+netlink.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Describe netlink socket options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information
+ (No changes in technical details.)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of socket permissions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
+ Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
+ Update text on socket permissions on other systems
+ At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write
+ permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10,
+ some light testing suggested that write permission is still
+ not checked on that system.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets
+ W. Trevor King
+ Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace
+ Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged
+ operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many
+ privileged operations relate to resources that have no
+ association with any namespace type, and only processes
+ with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those
+ operations.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a
+ noninitial userns.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts
+ With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user
+ namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and
+ not hierarchies that have a controller).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a concrete example of capability checking
+ Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in
+ an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged
+ operation.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces
+ Linux 3.12, not 3.11.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+utf-8.7:
+ Shawn Landden
+ Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
+ The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
+ but the text is ambiguous.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
+Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
+Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Updated information regarding disk quota flags
+ Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
+ of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
+ publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
+ Added information regarding structure definitions used for
+ XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
+ information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
+ usage of kernel UAPI header.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Additions regarding project quotas
+ Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
+
+bswap.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Jann Horn
+ Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
+ CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
+ a good interface.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+bswap_16.3
+bswap_32.3
+bswap_64.3
+ New link to new bswap.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix section ordering
+ Various pages had sections in an order different from
+ that prescribed in man-pages(7).
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+ Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
+ within the section.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from page self reference
+ Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
+ and include a section number in that reference. Such references
+ cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
+ page.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
+ Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
+ DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix kernel version references
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+clone.2
+ Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
+ Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
+ Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
+ These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
+ Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
+ the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
+ raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
+ Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
+ If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
+ file offset and status flags via the open file description.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention kcmp() under notes
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Mike Crowe
+ Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS information
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
+ F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
+ the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
+ are used for subsequent permission checks.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
+ Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
+ integrity completion.
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+getsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description to be somewhat clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the definition of "session ID"
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
+ The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
+ in vdso(7).
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
+
+mlock.2
+ Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
+ Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
+ Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
+ Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
+ Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
+ /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
+ program to handle that possibility.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
+ Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
+ Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
+
+select_tut.2
+ Peter Wu
+ Fix various issues in example program
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to credentials(7)
+
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
+ Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
+ a controlling terminal.
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add get_thread_area() to NAME
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
+ Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
+ There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
+ not provide a waitpid() system call.
+
+bindresvport.3
+rcmd.3
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+
+byteorder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
+
+endian.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
+ Correct feature test macro requirements
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
+
+getumask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
+ not 200112L.
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
+ Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
+ Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
+ Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
+
+resolver.3
+ Ray Bellis
+ Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
+ People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
+ context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
+ If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
+ symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
+ Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
+ than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
+ in an earlier commit message.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
+ Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
+ of /proc/PID files.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
+ These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
+ Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
+ Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
+
+glob.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
+ Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
+ Document FIONREAD
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+ Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
+ a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
+ kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
+ The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
+ than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
+ where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
+ Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of LD_DEBUG
+ Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
+ categories can be specified.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
+ libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
+ with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
+ following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of "ELF only"
+ Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
+ ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
+ with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-12-12, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
+Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com>
+Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
+Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
+Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com>
+Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
+Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
+Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2)
+
+pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+strfromd.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3)
+ The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class
+ of functions that convert a float-point value to string.
+
+fuse.4
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing /dev/fuse
+ This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after
+ playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully
+ incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working
+ on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the
+ near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a
+ handy reference for others looking at this interface.
+
+ [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page,
+ it's a good base for future extension.]
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem
+
+pkeys.7
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget]
+ New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness
+ Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
+ as well as new material.
+
+sock_diag.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin
+ New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface
+
+close.2
+getpriority.2
+nice.2
+timer_create.2
+timerfd_create.2
+random.4
+elf.5
+proc.5
+sched.7
+ Various authors
+ These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under
+ "Changes to individual pages".
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN
+
+mprotect.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support
+ Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context
+ switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
+ Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as
+ /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new
+ EOVERFLOW error return.
+ Dave Hansen
+ PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES
+ It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS)
+ are lost.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith]
+ Document the autogroup feature
+ Includes documenting autogroup nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases
+ When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros)
+ there are many traditional use cases where the nice value
+ ceases to have any effect.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to relocated killpg(3) page
+
+pkey_free.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page
+
+pkey_mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to mprotect(2)
+
+pthread_setattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+
+strfromf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+strfroml.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details
+ It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away.
+ Remove some ancient details from the pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t'
+ We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion.
+
+adjtimex.2
+clock_getres.2
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8)
+
+bind.2
+connect.2
+getpeername.2
+getsockname.2
+getsockopt.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2)
+ The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated
+ across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2),
+ where some details about this type are provided.
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chmod(1)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chroot(1)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
+ TID before clone() returns to user space
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner]
+ Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling
+ Further clarify that an error return should be used only
+ for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error
+ Looking at some historical source code suggests
+ that the "close() always closes regardless of error return"
+ behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems
+
+fallocate.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document behavior with shared blocks
+ Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to
+ guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC.
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW
+ To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit
+ in fanotify_mark().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size
+ Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps
+ the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in
+ Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached
+
+fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval]
+ Fix the discussion of maximum sizes
+ Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and
+ src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect
+ what's actually in the kernel.
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(3)
+ fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3)
+ and fsync(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fflush(3)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Andrew Clayton
+ FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hostname(1)
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of getpriority() return value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ to the permitted range.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of setpriority() return value
+
+getpriority.2
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7)
+ Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical.
+
+getrandom.2
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness
+ Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
+ spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
+ opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
+ somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
+ page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
+ expressed about the existing text in random(4).
+ [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new
+ random(7) page.]
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove material incorporated into random(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kill(1)
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter]
+ Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute
+
+mbind.2
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1)
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific
+
+nice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance
+ Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the
+ raw system call (still) returns 0 on success.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE
+ This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text
+ a little.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add cycles field in LBR records
+ Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
+ last branch records.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update time_shift sample code
+ Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits
+
+ptrace.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps
+ In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and
+ syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and
+ their interaction with the various forms of restart.
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels
+
+reboot.2
+ Wang Long
+ Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value
+ The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7).
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange]
+ Mention SCHED_DEADLINE
+ Give the reader a clue that there is another policy
+ available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document changed interaction with ptrace
+ Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again
+ after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters
+
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat list of modes
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+ List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery
+ of autogrouping.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+sync_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description for ESPIPE error
+ A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect()
+ New system calls in Linux 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ppc_swapcontext(2)
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add unlink(2)
+
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add touch(1)
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4().
+
+atof.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+ctime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add glibc error text for EILSEQ
+
+fclose.3
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(2)
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+isalpha.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+killpg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move killpg.2 from section to section 3
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value of M_PERTURB
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character
+ Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character
+ is found at end of the input buffer.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Improve language relating to "initial state"
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add missing include to example program
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172
+
+mq_close.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3)
+
+mq_open.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open()
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF
+
+printf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far)
+
+remainder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
+ has been fixed in glibc 2.15.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors
+ The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
+ was fixed in glibc 2.15.
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics
+
+strtod.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
+ was fixed in glibc 2.19.
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Add RETURN VALUE section
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Properly document tmpnam_r(3)
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes
+ Miroslav Koskar
+ Add K_OFF keyboard mode
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to new random(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework formatting of /proc interfaces
+ Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
+ descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget]
+ Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom
+ This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
+ serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
+ suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
+ (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only
+ suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
+ since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming
+ language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
+ security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
+ kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o]
+ Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals
+ The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
+ /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from
+ /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing.
+ If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
+ there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
+ handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
+ reflect this.
+
+elf.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add subsection headers at major points
+ The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
+ with no real visual break up between logically independent
+ sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
+ read and scan.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document notes
+ Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that
+ contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only
+ included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not
+ defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fuse(4)
+
+proc.5
+ Dave Hansen
+ Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files
+ sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
+ and /proc/PID/autogroup.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output
+
+proc.5
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7)
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer]
+ Timeout does not map to resolver API calls
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add users(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shadow(5)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5
+ Just for historical interest. Details taken from
+ http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html.
+
+mdoc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7)
+ This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written
+ before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page.
+ Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page.
+
+netlink.7
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Add references to sock_diag(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum]
+ Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and
+ /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give the page a more generic NAME
+ The page isn't just about APIs.
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "example.com" as example domain
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-03-13, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
+Alex <psybin@riseup.net>
+Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
+Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com>
+Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com>
+Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com>
+Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com>
+Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com>
+KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com>
+Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
+Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net>
+Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
+Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me>
+Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net>
+Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+add_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Major improvements and additions
+ The page has doubled in length.
+
+ioctl_iflags.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau]
+ A vast number of additions and improvements
+ The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over
+ 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface
+ provided by this system call.
+
+getentropy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getentropy(3)
+ getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25.
+
+keyrings.7
+ David Howells
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/keys
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/key-users
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc files that define key quotas
+
+persistent-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various clean-ups and additions
+
+process-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and improvements
+
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ The page is now three times its former length.
+
+session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and additions
+
+signal-safety.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from
+ signal(7). Along the way some more details got added.
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+
+thread-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+user-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and improvements
+
+user-session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25)
+ Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+explicit_bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to bzero.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clone() does not execute fork handlers
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support was added in version 2.25
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Document E2BIG errors
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object"
+ Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7).
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Brian Masney
+ Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate extra E2BIG error text
+ Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
+ was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
+ the two texts.
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions
+ The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
+ for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
+ since the reader can then deduce how things work.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance
+
+mbind.2
+ Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update MPOL_BIND description
+ The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3)
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mincore(2)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type
+
+nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "creeping sleep" problem
+ nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
+ signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
+ Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
+ provides a solution.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX
+
+poll.2
+select.2
+ Nicolas Biscos
+ Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2)
+ A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that
+ discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's
+ sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being
+ done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs).
+ As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for
+ the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future
+ writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make
+ the same mistake.
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+ It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about
+ /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize some text
+ Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES.
+ Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more
+ obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore'
+ Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view
+ of which pages of a file are currently cached.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull]
+ Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mincore(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread
+ Keno Fischer
+ Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Omar Sandoval
+ Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo]
+ Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read
+ Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read
+ to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler.
+ That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)!
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file
+ There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat]
+ Remove duplicate paragraph
+ man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing
+ paragraph. Remove that duplicate.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7)
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7)
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries
+ See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals
+ Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid
+ memory access can be caught only with a handler.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting
+
+statfs.2
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Add more filesystem types
+ Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add endian details with 64-bit splitting
+ Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
+ usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
+ means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the
+ readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
+ way more common than big endian).
+
+ Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
+ to.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs
+ While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
+ they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
+ than expose the padding to userspace.
+
+tkill.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files
+
+vfork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the child should not call exit(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some caveats re the use of vfork()
+ Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/.
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)
+
+bcmp.3
+bcopy.3
+bzero.3
+memccpy.3
+memchr.3
+memcmp.3
+memcpy.3
+memfrob.3
+memmem.3
+memmove.3
+memset.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller]
+ Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname'
+ For consistency with open(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection headings for each function
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: better error handling
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic]
+ EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input
+ Jann Horn
+ Document ENOMEM error case
+ see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better variable name in example program
+
+getmntent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin]
+ Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of error handling and reporting
+ The existing description was hard to understand. Break
+ it into a bullet list that separates out the details
+ in a manner that is easier to parse.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Remove some redundant text
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page
+ Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
+ having to refer to mq_getattr(3).
+
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro
+ The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the
+ __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high()
+ definitions.
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'q' length modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer]
+ Fix a small bug in example code
+ Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
+ precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
+ all cases.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3))
+
+random.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument
+ The information was a bit hidden in NOTES.
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak]
+ 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some usage notes for setstate_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf'
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated
+ These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they
+ are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+resolver.3
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson]
+ Fix errors in example program
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/848231.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve logic of the example program
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions
+
+sem_post.3
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia]
+ Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting
+ This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description
+ of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains
+ the historical details.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner]
+ Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection
+ The existing text is not a bug, as such.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: minor reworking
+
+strerror.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()
+ Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
+ strerror_r() and strerror_l().
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari]
+ Fix comparison error in example program
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system()
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen]
+ Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The target of core dump piping can also be a script
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5)
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems
+ There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various
+ pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems.
+ Change intro(5) to reflect that.
+
+ Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior
+ /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
+ *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors
+ Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
+ that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler]
+ Add subsection with notes to kernel developers
+ Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose
+ which capability should govern a new kernel feature.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(8)
+
+man.7
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs
+ Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types
+ Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the
+ default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED.
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: rename the example program
+ Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded
+ in various ways in the future.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2)
+
+netlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_RDMA to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update libnl homepage URL
+ The original URL is 404.
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Keno Fischer
+ CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages
+ The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
+ is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
+ See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+ A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive
+ in the auxiliary vector.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call"
+ This is the more typical definition.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a name for SIGEMT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko]
+ Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC
+ This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page
+ was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau]
+ Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
+Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
+Frank Theile
+Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
+Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de>
+Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport
+ New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd
+
+statx.2
+ David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger]
+ New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
+ New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call.
+
+pthread_atfork.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing pthread_atfork(3)
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality
+ There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page
+ was in any case hugely out of date.
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with information about inodes
+ David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of
+ the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication
+ by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2)
+ to a new page.
+
+
+Renamed pages
+--------------
+
+ioctl_console.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from console_ioctl.4
+ Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there
+ for consistency.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note type of 'argp' for a various operations
+ For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type
+ of the 'argp' argument.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from tty_ioctl(4)
+ All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this
+ page consistent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9
+
+socket.7
+ Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_INCOMING_CPU
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2)
+
+chmod.2
+fsync.2
+mkdir.2
+mknod.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+umask.2
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add/replace references to inode(7)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC
+ Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
+ the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
+ is ENOSPC.
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero
+ 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and
+ EPOLLERR to be reported.
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper"
+ It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes
+ are inherited by PID 1.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals
+ Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can
+ be employed with file seals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files
+ As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to
+ memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment
+ and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds
+ the following line that applies to all new shmem files:
+
+ info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+ Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this
+ setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create):
+
+ if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)
+ info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3)
+
+getdents.2
+open.2
+stat.2
+statx.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inode(7)
+
+getdtablesize.2
+attr.5
+ Alexander Miller
+ Move .so directive to first line
+ Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools
+ that process man page files.
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann]
+ BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document ENOTTY
+
+kexec_load.2
+sched_setaffinity.2
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2)
+ Both of these pages discuss file holes.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems
+ MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have
+ appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here
+ mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to
+ be relevant long ago. So, remove this text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of POLLPRI
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+prctl.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement
+ The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it
+ up to all users.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior
+ The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not
+ zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell]
+ Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask'
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument
+ As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures,
+ it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals
+
+socketcall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document call argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information migrated to inode(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "Other systems" subsection
+ These details about other systems were added in 1999,
+ and were probably of limited use then, and even less today.
+ However, they do clutter the page, so remove them.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some subsection headings to ease readability
+ David Howells
+ ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf')
+ Marcin Ślusarz
+ Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH
+ Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something
+ other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap
+ the order of sentences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add membarrier(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux 4.11 added statx()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Add correct header file for explicit_bzero()
+
+cfree.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of zombie processes
+
+getentropy.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer]
+ Correct header file
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration
+
+grantpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do
+
+insque.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add queue(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add insque(3)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5)
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms]
+ Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1)
+
+ttyname.3
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document ENODEV error code
+ Christian Brauner
+ NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Jan Heberer
+ RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description
+ Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to
+ -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Florian Weimer
+ Mention sudoers
+ It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry
+ Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to
+ that page.
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes
+
+environ.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR
+ tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike
+ tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp.
+
+hostname.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use lower case for hostname example
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use generic names in examples
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe accepted characters for hostname
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss]
+ Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Stephan Bergmann
+ Fixes to example
+ While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the
+ user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things:
+
+ * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before
+ looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print
+ information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real
+ init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped.
+
+ * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the
+ child before exec'ing.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
+
+pty.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2)
+ Chema Gonzalez
+ tcp_abc was removed in 3.9
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+ People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link
+ to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache
+
+zdump.8
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add OPTIONS section heading
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-07-13, London
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
+Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
+Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
+Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
+Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
+Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
+lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
+Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
+石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
+ Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
+ (disk-based) filesystem.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
+ The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
+ epoll_ctl().
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
+ SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
+
+getpid.2
+ Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
+ Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
+
+ Rationale given in the release notes:
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix ordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: order alphabetically
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
+ but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
+
+membarrier.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
+
+mount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
+ MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
+ flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
+ uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
+ per-filesystem flag.
+
+ So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
+ MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
+
+seccomp.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
+ In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
+ ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
+ implementation:
+
+ if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
+ return (set_errno(EINVAL));
+
+ And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
+
+ if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
+ return (EINVAL);
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
+ for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
+ And it was not needed :-(.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor reworking of the text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
+
+splice.2
+tee.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
+
+acosh.3
+asinh.3
+atanh.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
+ dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
+ loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
+ (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
+ understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the code example, and show sample output
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List values for the 'p_type' field
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
+
+flockfile.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an errors section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
+
+grantpt.3
+ptsname.3
+unlockpt.3
+ Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Douglas Caetano dos Santos
+ Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
+ POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
+ corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
+ Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
+
+strtol.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention 0X prefix
+ The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
+
+ See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
+ Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
+ who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
+ is not changed on a successful return.
+
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix error in feature test macro requirements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ DJ Delorie
+ Clarify group merge rules
+ This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
+ and how duplicate entries are merged.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
+ Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
+ SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
+ Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further explanation of the example shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a bug in shell session example
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
+
+man.7
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention signal.h header file
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
+ Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
+ (Change was in Linux 3.8.)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
+ Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
+ Ruben Kerkhof
+ Change default value of tcp_frto
+ The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
+ (Linux 2.6.24).
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+ ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+
+ Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
+ The most recent question was here:
+ https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
+
+ We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
+ situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
+ immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
+ Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
+ paragraph, to make it more obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
+ In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
+ directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
+ a library to be marked in this way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
+ Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
+Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
+Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
+Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
+Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
+Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
+Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_mutex_consistent.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
+ New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
+ Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
+ over time.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
+ Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
+ F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
+ Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ The preferred form is
+
+ .PP/.IP
+ .in +4n
+ .EX
+ <code>
+ .EE
+ .in
+ .PP/.IP
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
+ Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
+ than in code examples), since they create large vertical
+ spaces between text blocks.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Use en-dash for ranges
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
+
+add_key.2
+backtrace.3
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update Linux documentation pointers
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
+ There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
+ kernel version to 4.12.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
+ This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Thiago Jung Bauermann
+ Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
+
+getrlimit.2
+mmap.2
+malloc.3
+ Jonas Grabber
+ RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the operation of robust futex lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update uffdio_api.features description
+ There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
+ for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
+ space would like to enable.
+
+io_submit.2
+ Sage Weil
+ Acknowledge possibility of short return
+ Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
+ if not all iocbs were queued at once.
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
+ These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update kernel documentation path reference
+
+move_pages.2
+ Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
+ Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
+
+open.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Improve O_PATH documentation
+ - fstatfs is now permitted.
+ - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
+ - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
+ triggering the mount.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ptrace.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
+ Fix an off-by-one error in example code
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
+ Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
+
+_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
+ A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
+ page isn't very useful...
+
+sysfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
+
+umount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise MNT_FORCE description
+ MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
+ MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
+ transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
+
+ Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
+
+unshare.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
+
+cmsg.3
+ Sukadev Bhattiprolu
+ Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
+
+crypt.3
+ Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
+
+exp2.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation
+
+log1p.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
+
+matherr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
+
+pow10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
+ Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
+ starting with version 2.27.
+
+sincos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
+
+cciss.4
+hpsa.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
+ Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
+ During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
+ removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
+ some legacy board support.
+
+initrd.4
+proc.5
+bootparam.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
+
+initrd.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
+
+intro.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to existing locales for encoding details
+ Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
+ explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
+ proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
+ existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
+ exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
+
+proc.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
+ This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
+ according to historic Linux repository commit log.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of timer_stats file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show command used to mount /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+ This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
+ tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
+ The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
+ Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
+ format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
+ improvements in the part of the man page.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
+ Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
+ file capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
+ Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
+
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document description restriction for logon keys
+ "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
+ prefix in key descriptions.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add pointers to kernel's documentation
+ Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
+ security/keys for some reason.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
+
+netlink.7
+ David Wilder
+ Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
+ Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
+
+tcp.7
+ Vincent Bernat
+ tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
+ And it is completely broken.
+
+unicode.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
+Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
+Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
+Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
+David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
+Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
+Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
+Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
+Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
+Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
+Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
+Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
+Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
+Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
+Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
+Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
+Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
+Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_spin_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
+ Florian Weimer]
+ New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_spin_lock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
+ Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
+ and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
+
+veth.4
+ Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
+ Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
+
+
+Removed pages
+-------------
+
+infnan.3:
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
+ of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
+ ago. Time to remove the man page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+userfaultfd.2
+ Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
+ Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
+
+madvise.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
+ Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Mike Kravetz
+ Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
+ hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
+ and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
+ support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+proc.5
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
+ Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/locks
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Document /proc/kpagecgroup
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_spin_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
+
+pthread_spin_trylock.3
+pthread_spin_unlock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
+ When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
+ not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
+ "x86-64" predominant.
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
+ People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
+ to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
+ "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
+
+ In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
+ still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
+ one is supposed to be comparing.
+
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a redundant paragraph
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NFS details to a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
+ Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
+
+fork.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
+
+fork.2
+getsid.2
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Ahmad Fatoum
+ Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
+
+fsync.2
+ Craig Ringer
+ ERRORS: add ENOSPC
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
+ Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
+ https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information for feature bits
+
+io_submit.2
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add iocb details to io_submit
+ Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
+ fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
+ io_submit() call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update example to take TSO into account
+ The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
+ x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
+ ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
+ explicit barriers on TSO.
+
+ So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
+ architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
+ barriers on x86.
+
+ Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
+ reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
+ configured for nohz_full.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the limit for size of 'name'
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
+ Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
+ the main text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
+
+mremap.2
+ Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
+ Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
+ Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
+ mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
+ the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
+ mapping'.
+
+ A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
+ duplicate a private mapping will fail.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
+ BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
+ Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
+ follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
+ for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
+ Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
+ operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
+ read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
+ should require read permission.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
+ /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
+ NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
+ Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
+ rather than a promise.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
+ Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Breno Leitao
+ Fix argument order
+ Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
+ first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
+ The second argument is the one that should specify the
+ page access rights.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
+ The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
+ the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
+ reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
+ SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
+ wait() in the parent process.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
+ [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
+ wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
+ Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "default" filter return action
+ The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
+ return action values.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
+ In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
+ switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
+ SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
+ to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
+
+send.2
+ Grégory Vander Schueren
+ Add EALREADY to ERRORS
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Yubin Ruan
+ Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
+ Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
+ a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
+ information about the ucontext argument.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit error handling to example code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add use of sigaction() to example code
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
+ Use lstat() instead of stat()
+ It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
+ since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
+ also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
+ NeilBrown
+ Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
+ Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
+ functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
+ Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
+ respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
+ the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comments describing a few filesystem types
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
+ Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
+ Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
+
+write.2
+fsync.2
+close.2
+ NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
+ Update description of error codes
+ Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
+ to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
+
+ Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
+ EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
+ in particular.
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
+
+backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
+ Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
+ backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
+ POSIX.1-2001.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
+ a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
+ text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
+ Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
+ time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
+ cause problems with modern C libraries.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some missing errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
+ POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
+ the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
+ than nonzero.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
+ Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
+ readability. No (intentional) content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
+ Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
+ Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
+ to add error numbers to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
+ Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
+ search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
+ PATH is not defined.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
+ Cristian Rodríguez
+ fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
+
+lround.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
+ Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
+
+makedev.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix the example
+ Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
+ functions that were declared in this header.
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
+ All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
+ As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
+ meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
+ threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
+ that possible misreading.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
+ The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix cruft in code example
+
+stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper section cross references in function list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+ and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
+ Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
+ RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
+ Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
+ Marcus Folkesson
+ Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+arp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
+
+fifo.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
+
+hier.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
+
+icmp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Add a use case for real minus character
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
+ Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
+ PID namespaces.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
+ Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new 340 line idmap limit
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ Simplify language around conferring capabilities
+ The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
+ to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
+ confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
+ simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
+Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
+Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
+QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
+Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
+Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing network namespaces
+ Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the VSOCK socket address family
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'release_agent' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Standardize on "nonzero"
+ Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Library support was added in glibc 2.27
+ Shawn Landden
+ glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
+ Florian Weimer
+ EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EISDIR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
+
+fcntl.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
+ If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
+ affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
+
+mmap.2
+ John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
+ MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
+ MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
+ page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
+ John Hubbard
+ MAP_FIXED updated documentation
+ -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
+ enough detail to allow avoiding them.
+
+ -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
+
+ -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
+
+mount.2
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Point out that error handling is unreliable
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
+ fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
+
+fuse.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
+
+veth.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add network_namespaces(7)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
+ Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
+ the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
+ The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
+ Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
+ capabilities on a file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
+ effective sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
+ * Mention kernel versions.
+ * Place current kernel behavior first
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Add information about RDMA controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
+
+ip.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
+ INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
+ INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
+ byte-order neutral.
+
+namespaces.7
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
+ Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
+ The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
+ priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
+ (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
+ pthread_setschedprio().)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
+Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
+Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
+Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
+Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
+ Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
+ Linux 4.16:
+
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
+ alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+
+mmap.2
+ Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
+ Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
+ Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
+ 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
+ the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
+
+readv.2
+io_submit.2
+ Jürg Billeter
+ Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe file capability versioning
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document namespaced-file capabilities
+ [There's still more work to be done on this new text]
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
+ And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
+ This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
+ forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
+ This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
+ explicitly.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
+
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
+ Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
+ range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
+ be used otherwise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
+ This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
+ unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
+ move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
+ the reader to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
+ As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
+ with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
+
+msgget.2
+semget.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
+ This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
+ could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
+ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
+
+open.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Song Liu
+ Add type kprobe and uprobe
+ Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
+ perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
+ uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
+ information about these types.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
+ The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
+ usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
+ describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
+ harder to understand.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant sentence
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
+ On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
+ architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
+ which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
+ over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
+ execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
+
+shutdown.2
+ Carsten Grohmann
+ SEE ALSO: add close(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ Add riscv
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
+ Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
+ These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
+
+crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
+ The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
+ case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
+ libxcrypt.
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
+ ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve EPIPE error text
+
+getcwd.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Frederic Brault
+ Note default thread stack size for several architectures
+
+tsearch.3
+ Jann Horn
+ Clarify items vs nodes
+ The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
+ item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
+ corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
+ pointer to a pointer to the data item.
+
+ Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
+ sentence.
+ Jann Horn
+ tdelete() can return dangling pointers
+ POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
+ return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
+ returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
+ Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
+ that must not be accessed.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document current mount options
+ Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
+ Style was based on proc(5) sections.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
+ The mount options are now described in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe 'mpol' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'huge' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document mpol=local mount option
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
+ Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
+ When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
+ the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
+ should be compared. This point was already made clear in
+ ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+ /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
+ child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to unix(7)
+ For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
+
+posixoptions.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand XSI Options groups
+ We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
+ and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
+
+ The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
+ realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
+ streams, and legacy interfaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
+ Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
+ remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
+ The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
+ Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
+ gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
+ the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Make lack of separator escaping explicit
+ Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
+ (such as \:) to workaround it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-03-06, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Manzanares <adam.manzanares@wdc.com>
+Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alessandro Vesely <vesely@tana.it>
+Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
+Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
+Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
+Anatoly Borodin <anatoly.borodin@gmail.com>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Westfeld <andreas.westfeld@htw-dresden.de>
+Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andrew Price <andy@andrewprice.me.uk>
+Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiopoulos@suse.com>
+Antonio Chirizzi <antonio.chirizzi@gmail.com>
+Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it>
+Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
+Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
+Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
+bert hubert <bert.hubert@powerdns.com>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Burkhard Lück <lueck@hube-lueck.de>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+Daniel Kamil Kozar <dkk089@gmail.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
+David Newall <glibc@davidnewall.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Emil Fihlman <emil.fihlman@gmail.com>
+Enrico Scholz <enrico.scholz@sigma-chemnitz.de>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
+Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Felipe Gasper <felipe@felipegasper.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frank Theile <ftheile@grundfos.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.de>
+Göran Häggsjö <goran.haggsjo@icloud.com>
+Harry Mallon <hjmallon@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
+Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
+Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com>
+Hiroya Ito <hiroyan@gmail.com>
+Howard Johnson <hj@HowardJohnson.name>
+Ian Turner <iturner@janestreet.com>
+Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
+Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James Weigle <jtweigle@uchicago.edu>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
+Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
+Johannes Altmanninger <aclopte@gmail.com>
+Johannes Liebermann <johanan.liebermann@gmail.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Joseph Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Josh Gao <jmgao@google.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson@gmail.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Konst Mayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Leah Hanson <lhanson@pivotal.io>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Luka Macan <Luka.Macan@fer.hr>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <marcus.gelderie@gmail.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Schott <schottm@google.com>
+Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
+Matthew Kilgore <mattkilgore12@gmail.com>
+Mattias Engdegård <mattiase@acm.org>
+Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Michael Becker <mjbecker@web.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
+Mike Weilgart <mike.weilgart@verticalsysadmin.com>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Nick Gregory <ghost@capsule8.com>
+Niklas Hambüchen <mail@nh2.me>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+nixiaoming <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
+Oded Elisha <oded123456@gmail.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de>
+Philip Dumont <phil@solidstatescientific.com>
+Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
+Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
+Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov1@gmail.com>
+Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+ruschein <ruschein@protonmail.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+snyh <snyh@snyh.org>
+Solal Pirelli <solal.pirelli@gmail.com>
+Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com>
+Stephan Knauss <linux@stephans-server.de>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Posch <kernel.org@online.posch.name>
+Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
+Troy Engel <troyengel@gmail.com>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>
+Tycho Kirchner <tychokirchner@mail.de>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
+William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
+Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_guarded_storage.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call
+
+address_families.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ New page that contains details of socket address families
+ There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into
+ a new page instead.
+
+bpf-helpers.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet]
+ Add new man page for eBPF helper functions
+ (autogenerated from kernel source files)
+
+
+Removed Pages
+-------------
+
+mdoc.7
+mdoc.samples.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze]
+ Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7)
+ groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better
+ equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project
+ provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually
+ no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fanotify_init.2
+fanotify.7
+ nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify.7: update description of member pid in
+ struct fanotify_event_metadata
+ Amir Goldstein
+ Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM
+ Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem.
+ Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein]
+ Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
+
+io_submit.2
+ Adam Manzanares
+ Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO
+
+msgctl.2
+semctl.2
+shmctl.2
+ Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document STAT_ANY commands
+
+prctl.2
+ Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM
+
+socket.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Document AF_XDP
+ Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18.
+
+inotify.7
+ Henry Wilson
+ Document IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+reallocarray.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to malloc(3)
+
+precedence.7
+ Josh Triplett
+ Add as a redirect to operator.7
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description"
+
+Various pages
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0'
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+iconv.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ SEE ALSO: add uconv(1)
+
+localedef.1
+ Howard Johnson
+ Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect
+
+time.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger]
+ Document the -q/--quiet option
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update bug reporting address
+
+bpf.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18
+ JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle.
+ Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported).
+ Oded Elisha
+ Fix bug in example
+ Quentin Monnet
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7)
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and
+ capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least
+ as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/root
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of threads and signals
+ The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2),
+ but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel.
+ Jann Horn
+ Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the discussion of threads and signals
+ And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and
+ "thread-directed" signals.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS
+
+connect.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use the term "interest list" consistently
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity
+ The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less
+ (sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock'
+
+futex.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins
+
+getcpu.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+ The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019.
+
+getgid.2
+getpid.2
+getuid.2
+pipe.2
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe 2nd return value peculiarity
+ Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for
+ additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this.
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads
+ This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday()
+
+gettimeofday.2
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock
+
+getxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz]
+ ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Paul Millar
+ Add IN_ONLYDIR based error
+ Henry Wilson
+ Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+io_submit.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ Fix the description of aio_data
+ aio_data is not a kernel-internal field.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen]
+ MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Marc-André Lureau
+ Update hugetlb file-sealing support
+ Lucas De Marchi
+ Fix header for memfd_create()
+ Joseph C. Sible
+ _GNU_SOURCE is required
+
+mmap.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Explicitly state that the fd can be closed
+ Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski]
+ Fix description of treatment of the hint
+ The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free
+ space close to the requested address, but that's not the case.
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon]
+ Document EROFS for read-only filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide
+ a helpful clue here.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists
+
+open.2
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document ENXIO for sockets
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition
+ O_RSYNC is defined in <asm/fcntl.h> on HP PA-RISC, but is not
+ used anyway.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers
+ Andrew Price
+ Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation
+ Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Wang Nan]
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl
+ The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix wording in multiplexing description
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify exclude_idle
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix prctl behavior description
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8)
+ Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible]
+ Document EINVAL if root is rootfs
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy]
+ Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64
+
+prctl.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
+ The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid
+ filed contains the PID of the terminating parent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set
+ (However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have
+ manual pages...)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set
+
+ptrace.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work
+ Jann Horn
+ BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero
+
+readdir.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition
+
+readv.2
+ Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer]
+ Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2()
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Add feature test macro for renameat2()
+ The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and
+ requires _GNU_SOURCE.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT
+ Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE
+ Tobias Klauser
+ renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+s390_runtime_instr.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens]
+ Some minor additions
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process)
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi]
+ Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror())
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some text restructuring and reordering
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+sigaction.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread*
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to external docs
+ This information is all in the new address_families(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to address_families(7)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of address families
+ Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7)
+ Nikola Forró
+ Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP
+ All address families are now documented in address_families.7.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list
+ The list of address families in this page is still
+ overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it.
+ The removed entries are all in address_families(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a few obsolete protocols
+ Documentation for these remains in address_families(7)
+
+socketpair.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2)
+ Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely]
+ ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ SEE ALSO: add statx(2)
+
+statx.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Elaborate x32 ABI specifics
+ snyh
+ Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc needs care with syscall parameters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework table to render within 80 columns
+
+syscalls.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir()
+ As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64,
+ as noted later in the page.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update syscall table
+ Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl,
+ atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint,
+ clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls,
+ getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid,
+ getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls,
+ metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount,
+ or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache,
+ sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot,
+ sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext,
+ switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd,
+ usr26, usr32, xtensa.
+
+ Uncommented: memory_ordering
+
+ Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to
+ swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext).
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note about s390x and old_mmap
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_guarded_storage(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update syscall list for Linux 4.18
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that not all architectures return errno negated
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2)
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice
+ The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has
+ previously been unshared.
+
+ustat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function
+
+vmsplice.2
+ Andrei Vagin
+ Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some cross references to core(5)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add details on partial direct I/O writes
+
+alloca.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Xiao Yang
+ Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+
+bstring.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman]
+ Correct argument list for memmem() prototype
+
+cmsg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC
+ This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code
+
+des_crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call
+
+exit.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note wider sysexits.h availability
+
+ferror.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Warn about closing the result of fileno()
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Clarify "shell wildcard pattern"
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
+ Fix off-by-one error in example client program
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text on use of getcwd() system call
+ Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this
+ page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd()
+
+getmntent.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose()
+
+isatty.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY
+ Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL.
+
+lockf.3
+ Ian Turner
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file.
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk]
+ Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program
+
+pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Remove bug notes
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Explain _np suffix
+ Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np"
+ suffix is because these functions are non-portable.
+
+putenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Becker
+ Add documentation of res_nclose()
+
+strcmp.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware
+
+strcpy.3
+ Matthew Kilgore
+ Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes)
+
+strfry.3
+ Keith Thompson
+ Remove incorrect reference to rand(3)
+
+string.3
+strlen.3
+strnlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use 'bytes' not 'characters'
+ This is in line with POSIX terminology.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2)
+ Arkadiusz Drabczyk
+ Mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+termios.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note an XTABS alpha issue
+
+trunc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Make the description a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number
+
+xcrypt.3
+ Jason A. Donenfeld
+ Warn folks not to use these functions
+
+lirc.4
+ Sean Young
+ Fix broken link
+ Sean Young
+ Document error returns more explicitly
+ Sean Young
+ lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h
+ Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab]
+ Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented
+ Sean Young
+ Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE
+ Sean Young
+ Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT)
+ Now all ioctls are documented.
+ Sean Young
+ Timeout reports are enabled by default
+ Sean Young
+ Some devices are send only
+ Sean Young
+ Update SEE ALSO
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported
+ No driver ever supported such a thing.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT
+
+tty.4
+ Michael Witten
+ Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section
+
+vcs.4
+ Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten]
+ Fix broken example code
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned
+
+filesystems.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention sysfs(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont]
+ Document /proc/[tid]
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc
+ Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan]
+ Correct description of NStgid
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document fdinfo format for timerfd
+ Stephan Knauss
+ Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1)
+ fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using
+ ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular
+ location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Describe ambiguities in /proc/<pid>/maps
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory]
+ Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field
+ Alan Jenkins
+ Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities
+ The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3
+ security.capability extended attribute.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored
+ The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not
+ performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits
+ may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite
+ correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty
+ for the purpose of the capability transition calculations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details
+ on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has
+ capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is
+ not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0
+ (root).
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the
+ effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a
+ switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on
+ the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the
+ effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and
+ saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values.
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Mention header for SECBIT constants
+ Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others)
+ are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header
+ is included.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets
+ Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal]
+ Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier]
+ Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details
+ Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ section, and correct a couple of details:
+ * If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec,
+ the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities
+ if the file effective bit is set.
+ * Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities
+ if the binary does not also have attached capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update URL for libcap tarballs
+ The previous location does not seem to be getting updated.
+ (For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26
+ had been out for two months, but was not present at
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to
+ capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted,
+ effective, and inheritable process capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2)
+ Add background details on ambient and bounding set when
+ discussing capability transformations during execve(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel]
+ Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads
+ Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the
+ v2 'cpu' controller.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies
+ This feature was added in Linux 5.0.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart]
+ Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate'
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson]
+ Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file
+ In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a
+ cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded".
+ Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie]
+ Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1
+ Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental
+ feature.
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat Q&A list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter
+ Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that
+ only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken
+ up when a file descriptor becomes ready.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication
+ In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application
+ to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors.
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld]
+ Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar]
+ Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR
+ Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a
+ nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR.
+
+ip.7
+ Bert Hubert
+ IP_RECVTTL error fixed
+ I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set
+ the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get
+ IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage
+ promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer.
+
+man.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List factors that may pin a namespace into existence
+ Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it
+ has no member processes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner]
+ Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes
+ Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside
+ in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the
+ child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather
+ than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior
+ After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty
+ until the first child is created. Verified by experiment.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread*
+ Helge Deller
+ Add signal numbers for parisc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info
+ Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces
+ readability, and would require more table splits if future
+ standards specify other signals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists
+ x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently
+ are in the second subfield in the signal number lists.
+ Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most
+ common architectures are first in the list.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place signal numbers in a separate table
+ The current tables of signal information are unwieldy,
+ as they try to cram in too much information.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Insert standards info into tables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add clone(2)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add address_families(7)
+
+socket.7
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7)
+ This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so
+ place it in unix(7).
+
+tcp.7
+udp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS
+ The existing description is rather thin. More can be said.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS
+ The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper]
+ Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces
+ Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when
+ describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user
+ namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with
+ "associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the
+ relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible.
+
+vdso.7
+ Helge Deller
+ Fix parisc gateway page description
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall]
+ Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order
+
+zdump.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+zic.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff