semop.2
mtk
Added BUG: in some circumstances, a process that is
- waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not not woken
+ waiting for a semaphore to become zero is not woken
up when the value does actually reach zero.
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110260821123863&w=2
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=110261701025794&w=2
frexp.3
Volker Reichelt / mtk
- Fixed to point out that that frexp() returns a number whose
+ Fixed to point out that frexp() returns a number whose
*absolute* value is >= 0.5 and < 1. Amended the example
program to demonstrate this.
clock_getres.3
Michael Kerrisk
- CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not setabble
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID not settable
According to POSIX.1-2001, the CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID clocks should be settable, but
currently they are not.
Global fix: s/mount-point namespace/mount namespace/
This is more consistent with the term "mounts namespace"
used in the 2008 ACM SIGOPS paper, "Virtual servers
- and and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux".
+ and checkpoint/restart in mainstream Linux".
(I avoided the "s", because using the plural strikes me
as klunky English, and anyway we don't talk about
the "PIDs namespace" or the "networks namespace", etc..)
Michael Kerrisk
PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is default for inherit scheduler attribute
In EXAMPLE, note that PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED is the default for
- the inherit scheduler attribute attribute.
+ the inherit scheduler attribute.
syslog.3
Masanari Iida
syscalls.2
Michael Kerrisk
Note that getpmsg(2) and putmsg(2) are unimplemented
- See See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=514771
timerfd_create.2
Michael Kerrisk
udp.7
Michael Kerrisk
Add FIONREAD warning.
- Warn that FIONREAD can't can't distinguish case of a zero-length
+ Warn that FIONREAD can't distinguish case of a zero-length
datagram from the case where no datagrams are available.
Michael Kerrisk
New link to sigaltstack.2
No new programs should use sigstack(3). Point the user to the
- better sigalstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3).
+ better sigaltstack(2), whose man page briefly mentions sigstack(3).
vlimit.3
Michael Kerrisk
socket.7
Pavel Emelyanov
SO_BINDTODEVICE is now readable
- SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since since kernel 3.8.
+ SO_BINDTODEVICE is readable since kernel 3.8.
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.49 ====================
and the wrapper function in the introductory text.
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
- The requirements quietly changed changed in glibc 2.14
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
unshare.2
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
- The requirements quietly changed changed in glibc 2.14
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
sched_getcpu.3
Michael Kerrisk
Update feature test macro requirements
- The requirements quietly changed changed in glibc 2.14
+ The requirements quietly changed in glibc 2.14
See also http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
libc.7
Michael Kerrisk
- Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other tahn glibc
+ Clarify man-pages policy on documenting C libraries other than glibc
Michael Kerrisk
Use absolute dates in discussion of libc vs glibc
Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes
- The number of padding bytes has changed over tyme, as some
+ The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some
bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure
less explicitly.
Tao Ma
Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery]
Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons
See http://bugs.debian.org/794559.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-05, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Casper Ti. Vector <caspervector@gmail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Johannes Stüttgen <Johannes.Stuettgen@gmail.com>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Maria Guseva <m.guseva@samsung.com>
+Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
+Meikun Wang <alikewmk@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Olivier TARTROU <olivier.tartrou@gmail.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX sample support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 data_offset and data_size fields
+ Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin]
+ Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.0 update rdpmc documentation
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document 4.1 clockid support
+ Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu]
+ 4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds aux_watermark
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add possibility of EBUSY error
+
+prctl.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document operations for ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text
+ Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT
+ RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case
+ ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
+ GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b
+ extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority
+ Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3)
+ and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3).
+
+capabilities.7
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mremap.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko]
+ Add note about mremap() with locked areas
+ When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked
+ with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new
+ area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if
+ the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this
+ might come as a surprise to users and should be noted.
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale]
+ Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT
+ An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag.
+ That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement
+ this flag, so remove mention of it.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder options alphabetically
+ Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal
+ of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add prctl(2)
+
+reboot.2
+ Casper Ti. Vector
+ 1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mlock(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add userfaultfd()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen]
+ Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition
+
+dirfd.3
+ Jonathan Wakely
+ Remove outdated NOTES
+ As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also
+ declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros.
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE
+ Quoting Florian:
+
+ This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script:
+
+ handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY);
+
+ The proper way to do this is to include <gnu/lib-names.h>
+ and use LIBM_SO.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+fgetgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for AT_SECURE
+
+getspnam.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+mallopt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text relating to MT-safety
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention glibc emulation caveats
+
+termios.3
+ Olivier TARTROU
+ Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK
+ For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes
+ with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377.
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67
+
+core.5
+ Ross Zwisler
+ Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags
+ Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags,
+ MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED.
+
+ These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings.
+ This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb
+ mappings, have the potential to be very large.
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add list of files being read when "files" service is used
+ This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file
+ being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not
+ always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which
+ file is read for each respective database. The list of
+ files was acquired from glibc source code.
+
+proc.5
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add details for threads-max
+ Add detail information for threads-max.
+ The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1.
+ https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ /proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang]
+ Add missing include file, <fcntl.h>, to example program
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
+ Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2
+
+path_resolution.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+rtld-audit.7
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description
+ s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/
+
+ la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of
+ framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter()
+ returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to
+ figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko]
+ Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1
+
+tcp.7
+ Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet
+ Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's
+ not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description
+ for tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+ on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva]
+ Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode
+ Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva.
+ Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen]
+ LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-29, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Archie Cobbs <archie.cobbs@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Colin Rice <colin@daedrum.net>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
+Phil Blundell <pb@pbcl.net>
+Richard Voigt <richardvoigt@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker]
+ Rewrite and massively expand page
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting membarrier() system call
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mlock.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+mlock2.2
+ Eric B Munson
+ New link to mlock.2
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+epoll_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering]
+ The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword EINVAL error text
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+inotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+personality.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call
+
+poll.2
+ Richard Voigt
+ timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll()
+ The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact
+ that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming:
+ s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/
+
+sendfile.2
+ Laurent Georget
+ Document more ERRORS
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+socketcall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API
+
+time.2
+ Zack Weinberg
+ Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu]
+ Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert]
+ Describe EOVERFLOW details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename 't' argument to 'tloc'
+
+dlerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+drand48.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/803459
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note probable cause of ENFILE error
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Pádraig Brady
+ Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax
+
+iconv.3
+ Andries E. Brouwer
+ NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs]
+ Clarify need to use initstate_r()
+
+tzset.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error
+
+futex.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO updates
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ NPTL, avoid abbreviation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note on strace(1) and vDSO
+
+ld.so.8
+ H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
+Alan Aversa <alan.aversa@cox.net>
+Alan Cox <etchedpixels@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
+Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
+Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
+Bill O. Gallmeister <bgallmeister@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chris Pick <kernel@chrispick.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel Corona <gabriel.corona@enst-bretagne.fr>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
+Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
+Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
+Jeremy Harris <jeharris@redhat.com>
+Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
+Joe Stein <joeaarons@gmail.com>
+John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kondo, Naoya <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Krzysztof Adamski <k@japko.eu>
+Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
+Marianne CHEVROT <blackmoor@openmailbox.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Post <mpost@suse.com>
+Martin Gebert <Murphy.Gebert@gmx.de>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@linuxfoundation.org>
+Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>`
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Naoya Kondo <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kernel@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
+Orion Poplawski <orion@cora.nwra.com>
+Pakin Yury <zxwarior@yandex.ru>
+Patrick Donnelly <batrick@batbytes.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Philip Semanchuk <linux_kernel.20.ick@spamgourmet.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
+Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
+Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <lkppo@free.fr>
+Stephen Hurd <shurd@sasktel.net>
+Vincent Bernat <bernat@luffy.cx>
+William Preston <wpreston@suse.de>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting copy_file_range()
+ copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data
+ completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to
+ implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or
+ server-side-copy (in the case of NFS).
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of
+ personality domains.
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella]
+ Significant reworking of this page:
+ * Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode
+ * Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page.
+ * Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22
+ * Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument
+ * Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments
+ * Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream
+
+ntp_gettime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3)
+
+open_memstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by split of fmemopen(3).
+ At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text.
+
+posix_spawn.3
+ Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3)
+
+readdir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Split readdir_r() content into separate page
+ As suggested by Florian Weimer:
+
+ It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate
+ manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the
+ readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers
+ will never have to consult all these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert]
+ Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field
+
+readdir_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ New page created after split of readdir(3).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove misleading code example using pathconf()
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ New page documenting lirc device driver
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ntp_adjtime(3)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron]
+ Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
+
+madvise.2
+ Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_FREE
+ Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document additional /proc/meminfo fields
+ Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly]
+ /proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag
+ Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info.
+
+socket.7
+ Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat]
+ Document some BPF-related socket options
+ Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the
+ following socket options:
+
+ SO_ATTACH_FILTER
+ SO_ATTACH_BPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF
+ SO_DETACH_FILTER
+ SO_DETACH_BPF
+ SO_LOCK_FILTER
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+isalpha_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to isalpha.3
+
+longjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp()
+
+ntp_adjtime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to adjtimex(2)
+
+ntp_gettimex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to ntp_gettime.3
+
+open_wmemstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page
+
+posix_spawnp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new posix_spawn.3 page
+
+siglongjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewire link to point to setjmp(3)
+
+strerror_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to strerror.3
+ Fix missing link
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by
+ glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM
+ requirements in various pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS
+ Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the
+ requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now
+ documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining
+ _ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need
+ to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements
+ in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies
+ the SYNOPSIS a little.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not
+ subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same
+ effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying
+ the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+ to just:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
+
+ This has the following benefits:
+
+ a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient
+ historical information.
+
+ b) Preventing users from being misled into using
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
+ _POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
+ obsolete bu _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
+ in the feature test macro requirements section of the
+ SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
+ mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
+ A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where
+ defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior.
+
+Various sockets-related pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths
+ As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across
+ pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and
+ function arguments.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset"
+ "File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Word "descriptor" more precisely
+ Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add "locale -c charmap" as an example
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511.
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add hint on purpose of --no-archive
+ Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue
+ is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put
+ it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the
+ locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.)
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve description for EBADF
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz]
+ Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove FTM requirements
+ It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my
+ earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't refer reader to adjtime(3)
+ Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more
+ portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju]
+ Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of some PPS timex fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ATTRIBUTES section
+ William Preston [Petr Gajdos]
+ Update a detail in adjtimex return value description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY
+
+bdflush.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23
+
+bind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of ENOENT error
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document close-on-exec semantics
+ The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled
+ for FDs returned by bpf().
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE
+ The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific
+ system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical
+ use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue.
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+create_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+delete_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski]
+ Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ld-linux.so(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags
+
+fcntl.2
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8)
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Rework description of F_SETOWN
+ As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling
+ requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at,
+ make a few other cleanups to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN
+ This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy
+ is just to omit mention of it.
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT
+
+get_kernel_syms.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this system call
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Include uapi/linux/wireless.h
+ Add the list of wireless IOCTLs.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Path to sockios.h
+ sockios.h is now in include/uapi
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add reference to netdevice.7
+ netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs)
+ The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is
+ of type struct iwreq *.
+
+ioperm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open(2)
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1)
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo
+ Mark Post [Petr Gajdos]
+ O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EINVAL error description
+
+recv.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Equivalence to read()
+ Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2)
+ equivalences for zero-valued arguments.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets
+
+recv.2
+cmsg.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure
+ The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t,
+ but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t.
+ The information was obtained from glibc source code:
+ http://bit.ly/21m1RMp
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1
+
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer]
+ Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3)
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda]
+ EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2)
+ Change this because of the serious limitation of select()
+ imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can
+ be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the
+ documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should
+ warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation
+ No modern application should use select() on Linux.
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some readability fixes to example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Better variable names in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify 'if' logic in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk]
+ NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/
+ Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall.
+ Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak comment describing 'sempid'
+
+sendfile.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2)
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp()
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3)
+ This man page did not make it obvious which functions
+ should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where
+ those functions were documented.
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'sv' on error
+
+splice.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Improve description of 0 return value.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use consistent case for hex constants
+
+sync.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add more architectures and improve error documentation
+ Move the error register documentation into the main table rather
+ than listing them in sentences after the fact.
+
+ Add sparc error return details.
+
+ Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/
+ tile/xtensa.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add copy_file_range(2)
+
+times.2
+ Kondo, Naoya
+ Fix an incorrect description in NOTES
+ The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says
+ that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct
+ only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just
+ removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough.
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add truncate(1)
+
+uselib.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention CONFIG_USELIB
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call
+
+wait.2
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus"
+ The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called
+ "status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the
+ wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into
+ thinking that the two arguments hold the same information,
+ when of course they don't. So, use a different name
+ for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce
+ the chances of such confusion.
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert]
+ Small fixes to example program
+
+clearenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman]
+ Clarify the use and effect of clearenv()
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/679323
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv()
+
+clog10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show an alternative equivalence for clog10()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ Fix grammar error and add C11.
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov]
+ Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que]
+ Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some explanation of ENOENT error
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+exp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke]
+ SEE ALSO: add expm1(3)
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3)
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions
+
+gamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox]
+ gamma() was documented in SVID 2
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski]
+ Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22
+ Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for
+ POSIX.1-2001 or later.
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwd(1)
+
+opendir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3)
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist'
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Jérémie Galarneau
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+ The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls
+ fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation
+ also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be
+ interrupted.
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error
+
+pthread_setaffinity_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove double CONFORMING TO section
+
+rcmd.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file
+ The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok()
+ functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc
+ source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file
+ is hard linked anywhere.
+
+setbuf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1)
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page
+ The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if
+ setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While
+ we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several
+ more details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point.
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sleep(1)
+
+strftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris]
+ Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218
+
+strlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa]
+ CONFORMING TO: add C11
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execve(2)
+
+termios.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document line length in canonical mode
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/797479
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann]
+ Remove sample implementation of timegm()
+ Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable
+ *non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it
+ hard to disagree. So, remove this code.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand DESCRIPTION a little
+
+st4.4
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove spurious copyright section
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1)
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger]
+ Fix description of STV_PROTECTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_DEFAULT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_HIDDEN
+ Chris Pick
+ Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick]
+ Reword discussion of range values a little
+
+gai.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1)
+ SE ALSO: add gshadow(5)
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger]
+ tel + fax are deprecated
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Update NSS compatibility mode description
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1)
+
+aio.7
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Improve example
+ When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal
+ handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have
+ si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that
+ si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5)
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+fanotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries
+
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a summary of some FTM key points
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same
+ effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ has generally been removed from the man pages.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete
+ Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified
+ in the standard.
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries
+
+ip.7
+ Eric Dumazet
+ Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsns(1)
+ lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear
+ in next release (2.28?).
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pcap(3)
+ SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8)
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016)
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak description of 'sempid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1)
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/743525
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timeout(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3)
+
+unicode.7
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document private use areas
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/285444
+
+unix.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add example
+ A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local
+ interprocess communication is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Ed Avis <eda@waniasset.com>
+Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jordan Birks <birkses@hotmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
+Valery Reznic <valery_reznic@yahoo.com>
+Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel <Zubair.Kakakhel@imgtec.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting cgroups
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn]
+ New page describing cgroup namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document preadv2() and pwritev2()
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support
+
+clone.2
+fork.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic]
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Use %04x to print volume ID
+ Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5)
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework/reorder ERRORS list
+ Make into a single alphabetically ordered list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_BNDERR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_PKUERR
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+makedev.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Use <sys/sysmacros.h> in SYNOPSIS
+ Defining these functions via <sys/types.h> causes problems for
+ some folk. As noted by Zack Wein:
+
+ libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people
+ writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by
+ using a strict conformance mode.
+
+ Since glibc has basically always used <sys/sysmacros.h>,
+ update the docs to have people include that instead.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention that <sys/types.h> may also define these macros
+
+popen.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ RETURN VALUE: describe successful case
+ Reference:
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html
+
+strtod.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis]
+ Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation
+ Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on the on ISO/IEC TR 14652:
+
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change
+ This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change
+ in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Complete LC_COLLATE
+ Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual
+ page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing
+ LC_COLLATE keywords.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ country_car: Add a better description
+
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document group merging
+ Document the recently merged glibc group merge support.
+ Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+cpuset.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ip.7
+ Benjamin Poirier
+ Fix incorrect sockopt name
+ "IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with
+ MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has
+ the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the
+ ip.7 man page.
+
+ Reference:
+ Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt()
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+vdso.7
+ Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update for MIPS
+ Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO.
+ VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards.
+
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev]
+ Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables
+ These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com>
+Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org>
+Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
+Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
+Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com>
+Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
+"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+ Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as
+ BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME.
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls
+ Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as
+ the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls.
+
+nextup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing mount namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document flags used to set propagation type
+ Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the MS_REC flag
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley]
+ Document ptrace access modes
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+preadv2.2
+pwritev2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to readv(2)
+
+nextdown.3
+nextdownf.3
+nextdownl.3
+nextupf.3
+nextupl.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to nextup(3)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the output of ldd
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Drop --old-style description
+ The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style
+ option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with
+ localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16
+ years and I doubt anyone uses it.
+
+add_key.2
+ Mitch Walker
+ Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct an ENOSYS error description
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart]
+ Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
+ Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE
+ equivalences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations
+ At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the
+ FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart]
+ Fix descriptions of various timeouts
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ The page as originally written carried text that said the page may
+ be freely distributed but made no statement about modification.
+ In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact
+ seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a
+ small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose
+ rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original,
+ but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text,
+ I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that
+ modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the
+ original author to grant permission to modify was simply an
+ oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have
+ changed the page have taken that to be the case.)
+
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Fix prototype for get_mempolicy()
+ In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *'
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent
+ The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error,
+ where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in
+ DESCRIPTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2)
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Shawn Landden
+ Note about SECURITY_YAMA
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Clarify the meaning if sig==0
+
+lookup_dcookie.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups
+ The existing text makes no differentiation between different
+ "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as
+ MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general
+ type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the
+ choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in
+ a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple
+ flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to
+ reflect these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES
+ The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location;
+ NOTES is a better location.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount
+ This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/
+ Omar Sandoval
+ MS_BIND still ignores mountflags
+ This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT
+ The behavior changed in Linux 3.17.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL
+ The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example list of filesystem types
+ Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page
+ In preparation for other reworking.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only
+
+open.2
+ Eric Biggers
+ Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE
+
+pciconfig_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay
+ to change the license to note that the page can be modified.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Jann Horn
+ Document new perf_event_paranoid default
+ Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver]
+ Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0
+ The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes
+ a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the
+ current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit
+ words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to
+ make this behavior explicit.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements in timer slack description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to
+ the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5).
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation
+ Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks,
+ and make a few other minor tweaks and additions.
+ Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn
+ Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby]
+ 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks
+ This error appears to have been injected into glibc
+ when copying some headers from BSD.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/825548
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ
+
+setfsgid.2
+setfsuid.2
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper
+ See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1.
+ (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and update various pieces
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+umount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL
+
+assert.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Improved description
+ Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide
+ the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it
+ is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to
+ exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of
+ recommendations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of message printed by assert()
+
+fmax.3
+fmin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fdim(3)
+
+getauxval.3
+ Cownie, James H
+ Correct AT_HWCAP result description
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Mention byte order
+
+malloc_hook.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook
+
+memmem.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note that memmem() is present on some other systems
+
+mkdtemp.3
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1)
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion]
+ Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat()
+ In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating
+ Schlemiel The Painter.
+
+strtoul.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add a64l(3)
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove NOTES section
+ strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the
+ POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221
+
+console_codes.4
+console_ioctl.4
+tty.4
+vcs.4
+charsets.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove console(4) references
+ 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
+ references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
+ to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
+ The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int'
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes.
+
+st.4
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Fix description of read() when block is larger than request
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6
+ Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match
+ the changes in kernel version 4.6.
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc
+ charmap files are using currently.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add readelf(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document missing keywords, minor updates
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust conformance
+
+proc.5
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5)
+ There was partial duplication, and some extra information
+ in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5).
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7)
+ Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ to mount_namespaces(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"]
+ Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to mount_namespaces(7)
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a detail on use of securebits
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error
+
+cp1251.7
+cp1252.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+koi8-r.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add some charset references
+ Add some references to related charsets here and there.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add runuser(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sudo(8)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h>
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Add a few more details on formatting conventions
+ Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting.
+ Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions,
+ and "general".
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently
+ Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description
+ This is a duplicate of information in proc(5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces
+
+netlink.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Describe netlink socket options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information
+ (No changes in technical details.)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of socket permissions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
+ Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
+ Update text on socket permissions on other systems
+ At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write
+ permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10,
+ some light testing suggested that write permission is still
+ not checked on that system.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets
+ W. Trevor King
+ Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace
+ Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged
+ operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many
+ privileged operations relate to resources that have no
+ association with any namespace type, and only processes
+ with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those
+ operations.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a
+ noninitial userns.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts
+ With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user
+ namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and
+ not hierarchies that have a controller).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a concrete example of capability checking
+ Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in
+ an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged
+ operation.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces
+ Linux 3.12, not 3.11.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+utf-8.7:
+ Shawn Landden
+ Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
+ The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
+ but the text is ambiguous.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
+Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
+Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Updated information regarding disk quota flags
+ Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
+ of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
+ publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
+ Added information regarding structure definitions used for
+ XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
+ information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
+ usage of kernel UAPI header.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Additions regarding project quotas
+ Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
+
+bswap.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Jann Horn
+ Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
+ CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
+ a good interface.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+bswap_16.3
+bswap_32.3
+bswap_64.3
+ New link to new bswap.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix section ordering
+ Various pages had sections in an order different from
+ that prescribed in man-pages(7).
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+ Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
+ within the section.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from page self reference
+ Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
+ and include a section number in that reference. Such references
+ cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
+ page.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
+ Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
+ DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix kernel version references
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+clone.2
+ Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
+ Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
+ Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
+ These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
+ Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
+ the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
+ raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
+ Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
+ If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
+ file offset and status flags via the open file description.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention kcmp() under notes
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Mike Crowe
+ Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS information
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
+ F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
+ the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
+ are used for subsequent permission checks.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
+ Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
+ integrity completion.
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+getsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description to be somewhat clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the definition of "session ID"
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
+ The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
+ in vdso(7).
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
+
+mlock.2
+ Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
+ Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
+ Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
+ Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
+ Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
+ /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
+ program to handle that possibility.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
+ Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
+ Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
+
+select_tut.2
+ Peter Wu
+ Fix various issues in example program
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to credentials(7)
+
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
+ Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
+ a controlling terminal.
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add get_thread_area() to NAME
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
+ Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
+ There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
+ not provide a waitpid() system call.
+
+bindresvport.3
+rcmd.3
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+
+byteorder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
+
+endian.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
+ Correct feature test macro requirements
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
+
+getumask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
+ not 200112L.
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
+ Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
+ Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
+ Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
+
+resolver.3
+ Ray Bellis
+ Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
+ People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
+ context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
+ If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
+ symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
+ Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
+ than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
+ in an earlier commit message.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
+ Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
+ of /proc/PID files.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
+ These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
+ Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
+ Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
+
+glob.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
+ Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
+ Document FIONREAD
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+ Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
+ a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
+ kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
+ The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
+ than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
+ where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
+ Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of LD_DEBUG
+ Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
+ categories can be specified.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
+ libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
+ with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
+ following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of "ELF only"
+ Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
+ ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
+ with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
+
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff