console_codes.4, inode.7: srcfix

[thirdparty/man-pages.git] / man2 / dup.2

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-.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
-.\"
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
-.\"                               1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\"
-.\" Modified 1993-07-21, Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified 1994-08-21, Michael Chastain <mec@shell.portal.com>:
-.\"   Fixed typoes.
-.\" Modified 1997-01-31, Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2002-09-28, aeb
-.\"
-.TH DUP 2 1994-08-21 "Linux 1.1.46" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-dup, dup2 \- duplicate a file descriptor
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.sp
-.BI "int dup(int " oldfd );
-.BI "int dup2(int " oldfd ", int " newfd );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR dup ()
-and
-.BR dup2 ()
-create a copy of the file descriptor
-.IR oldfd .
-
-After a successful return from
-.BR dup ()
-or
-.BR dup2 (),
-the old and new file descriptors may be used interchangeably.
-They refer to the same open file description (see
-.BR open (2))
-and thus share file offset and file status flags;
-for example, if the file offset is modified by using
-.BR lseek (2)
-on one of the descriptors, the offset is also changed for the other.
-
-The two descriptors do not share file descriptor flags
-(the close-on-exec flag).
-The close-on-exec flag
-.RB ( FD_CLOEXEC ;
-see
-.BR fcntl (2))
-for the duplicate descriptor is off.
-
-.BR dup ()
-uses the lowest-numbered unused descriptor for the new descriptor.
-
-.BR dup2 ()
-.RI "makes " newfd " be the copy of " oldfd ", closing " newfd
-first if necessary.
-.SH "RETURN VALUE"
-.BR dup ()
-and
-.BR dup2 ()
-return the new descriptor, or \-1 if an error occurred (in which case,
-.I errno
-is set appropriately).
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EBADF
-.I oldfd
-isn't an open file descriptor, or
-.I newfd
-is out of the allowed range for file descriptors.
-.TP
-.B EBUSY
-(Linux only) This may be returned by
-.BR dup2 ()
-during a race condition with
-.BR open (2)
-and
-.BR dup ().
-.TP
-.B EINTR
-The
-.BR dup2 ()
-call was interrupted by a signal.
-.TP
-.B EMFILE
-The process already has the maximum number of file
-descriptors open and tried to open a new one.
-.SH WARNINGS
-The error returned by
-.BR dup2 ()
-is different from that returned by
-.BR fcntl( "..., " F_DUPFD ", ..." )
-when
-.I newfd
-is out of range.
-On some systems
-.BR dup2 ()
-also sometimes returns
-.B EINVAL
-like
-.BR F_DUPFD .
-
-If
-.I newfd
-was open, any errors that would have been reported at
-.BR close (2)
-time, are lost.
-A careful programmer will not use
-.BR dup2 ()
-without closing
-.I newfd
-first.
-.SH "CONFORMING TO"
-SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
-.\" SVr4 documents additional
-.\" EINTR and ENOLINK error conditions.  POSIX.1 adds EINTR.
-.\" The EBUSY return is Linux specific.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR close (2),
-.BR fcntl (2),
-.BR open (2)