.\" Copyright (C) 1996 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\"
+.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
+.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
-.\"
+.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
+.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\"
.\" Written 11 April 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" 960412: Added comments from Stephen Tweedie
.\" Modified Tue Oct 22 22:28:41 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:31:04 1998 by aeb.
.\"
-.TH SYSCTL 2 1996-04-11 "Linux 1.3.85" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH SYSCTL 2 2019-03-06 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
sysctl \- read/write system parameters
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <unistd.h>
-.br
-.B #include <linux/unistd.h>
-.br
.B #include <linux/sysctl.h>
-.br
-.B #include <errno.h>
-.sp
-.B _syscall1(int, _sysctl, struct __sysctl_args *, args)
- /* Using \fBsyscall\fP(2) may be preferable; see \fBintro\fP(2) */
-.sp
+.PP
.BI "int _sysctl(struct __sysctl_args *" args );
.fi
+.PP
+.IR Note :
+There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Do not use this system call!
+See NOTES.
+.PP
The
.BR _sysctl ()
-call reads and/or writes kernel parameters. For example, the hostname,
-or the maximum number of open files. The argument has the form
+call reads and/or writes kernel parameters.
+For example, the hostname,
+or the maximum number of open files.
+The argument has the form
.PP
-.nf
+.in +4n
+.EX
struct __sysctl_args {
- int *name; /* integer vector describing variable */
- int nlen; /* length of this vector */
- void *oldval; /* 0 or address where to store old value */
- size_t *oldlenp; /* available room for old value,
- overwritten by actual size of old value */
- void *newval; /* 0 or address of new value */
- size_t newlen; /* size of new value */
+ int *name; /* integer vector describing variable */
+ int nlen; /* length of this vector */
+ void *oldval; /* 0 or address where to store old value */
+ size_t *oldlenp; /* available room for old value,
+ overwritten by actual size of old value */
+ void *newval; /* 0 or address of new value */
+ size_t newlen; /* size of new value */
};
-.fi
+.EE
+.in
.PP
This call does a search in a tree structure, possibly resembling
a directory tree under
.IR /proc/sys ,
and if the requested item is found calls some appropriate routine
to read or modify the value.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.nf
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-#include <linux/types.h>
-#include <linux/sysctl.h>
-
-_syscall1(int, _sysctl, struct __sysctl_args *, args);
-int sysctl(int *name, int nlen, void *oldval, size_t *oldlenp,
- void *newval, size_t newlen)
-{
- struct __sysctl_args args = { name, nlen, oldval, oldlenp,
- newval, newlen };
- return _sysctl(&args);
-}
-
-#define SIZE(x) sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0])
-#define OSNAMESZ 100
-
-char osname[OSNAMESZ];
-int osnamelth;
-int name[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_OSTYPE };
-
-int
-main(void)
-{
- osnamelth = sizeof(osname);
- if (sysctl(name, SIZE(name), osname, &osnamelth, 0, 0))
- perror("sysctl");
- else
- printf("This machine is running %*s\en", osnamelth, osname);
- return 0;
-}
-.fi
-.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+.SH RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion,
.BR _sysctl ()
-returns 0. Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
+returns 0.
+Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
.I errno
is set to indicate the error.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
+.BR EACCES ", " EPERM
+No search permission for one of the encountered "directories",
+or no read permission where
+.I oldval
+was nonzero, or no write permission where
+.I newval
+was nonzero.
+.TP
.B EFAULT
The invocation asked for the previous value by setting
.I oldval
.B ENOTDIR
.I name
was not found.
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-No search permission for one of the encountered `directories',
-or no read permission where
-.I oldval
-was non-zero, or no write permission where
-.I newval
-was non-zero.
-.SH "CONFORMING TO"
-This call is Linux specific, and should not be used in programs
+.SH CONFORMING TO
+This call is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
A
.BR sysctl ()
-call has been present in Linux since version 1.3.57. It originated in
-4.4BSD. Only Linux has the
+call has been present in Linux since version 1.3.57.
+It originated in
+4.4BSD.
+Only Linux has the
.I /proc/sys
mirror, and the object naming schemes differ between Linux and 4.4BSD,
but the declaration of the
-.BR sysctl (2)
+.BR sysctl ()
function is the same in both.
-.SH BUGS
-The object names vary between kernel versions.
-THIS MAKES THIS SYSTEM CALL WORTHLESS FOR APPLICATIONS.
-Use the
+.SH NOTES
+Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using
+.BR syscall (2).
+Or rather...
+.I don't
+call it:
+use of this system call has long been discouraged,
+and it is so unloved that
+\fBit is likely to disappear in a future kernel version\fP.
+.\" See http://lwn.net/Articles/247243/
+Since Linux 2.6.24,
+uses of this system call result in warnings in the kernel log.
+.\" Though comments in suggest that it is needed by old glibc binaries,
+.\" so maybe it's not going away.
+Remove it from your programs now; use the
.I /proc/sys
interface instead.
-.br
+.PP
+This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with the
+.B CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL
+option.
+.SH BUGS
+The object names vary between kernel versions,
+making this system call worthless for applications.
+.PP
Not all available objects are properly documented.
-.br
+.PP
It is not yet possible to change operating system by writing to
.IR /proc/sys/kernel/ostype .
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.SH EXAMPLE
+.EX
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <linux/sysctl.h>
+
+int _sysctl(struct __sysctl_args *args );
+
+#define OSNAMESZ 100
+
+int
+main(void)
+{
+ struct __sysctl_args args;
+ char osname[OSNAMESZ];
+ size_t osnamelth;
+ int name[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_OSTYPE };
+
+ memset(&args, 0, sizeof(struct __sysctl_args));
+ args.name = name;
+ args.nlen = sizeof(name)/sizeof(name[0]);
+ args.oldval = osname;
+ args.oldlenp = &osnamelth;
+
+ osnamelth = sizeof(osname);
+
+ if (syscall(SYS__sysctl, &args) == \-1) {
+ perror("_sysctl");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ printf("This machine is running %*s\en", osnamelth, osname);
+ exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+.EE
+.SH SEE ALSO
.BR proc (5)
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