.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.\" and 1994,1995 Alain Knaff (Alain.Knaff@imag.fr)
.\"
+.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
-.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
-.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
-.\" USA.
+.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
+.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+.\" %%%LICENSE_END
.\"
.\" Modified, Sun Feb 26 15:00:02 1995, faith@cs.unc.edu
.\"
-.TH FD 4 1995-01-29 "Special files" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
+.TH FD 4 2014-05-10 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
fd \- floppy disk device
.SH CONFIGURATION
-Floppy drives are block devices with major number 2. Typically they
-are owned by root.floppy (i.e., user root, group floppy) and have
+Floppy drives are block devices with major number 2.
+Typically they
+are owned by
+root:floppy
+(i.e., user root, group floppy) and have
either mode 0660 (access checking via group membership) or mode 0666
-(everybody has access). The minor
+(everybody has access).
+The minor
numbers encode the device type, drive number, and controller number.
For each device type (that is, combination of density and track count)
-there is a base minor number. To this base number, add the drive's
+there is a base minor number.
+To this base number, add the drive's
number on its controller and 128 if the drive is on the secondary
-controller. In the following device tables, \fIn\fP represents the
+controller.
+In the following device tables, \fIn\fP represents the
drive number.
.PP
-\fBWarning: If you use formats with more tracks
-than supported by your drive, you may cause it mechanical damage.\fP Trying
-once if more tracks than the usual 40/80 are supported should not
-damage it, but no warranty is given for that. Don't create device
-entries for those formats to prevent their usage if you are not sure.
+\fBWarning: if you use formats with more tracks
+than supported by your drive, you may cause it mechanical damage.\fP
+Trying once if more tracks than the usual 40/80 are supported should not
+damage it, but no warranty is given for that.
+If you are not sure, don't create device
+entries for those formats, so as to prevent their usage.
.PP
-Drive independent device files which automatically detect the media
+Drive-independent device files which automatically detect the media
format and capacity:
-.PP
.TS
-l l.
-Name Base minor #
+l c
+l c.
+Name Base
+ minor #
_
\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP 0
.TE
.PP
-5.25 inch double density device files:
-.PP
+5.25 inch double-density device files:
.TS
-lw(1i) l l l l l.
-Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #
+lw(1i) l l l l c
+lw(1i) c c c c c.
+Name Capacity Cyl. Sect. Heads Base
+ KiB minor #
_
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBd360\fP 360K 40 9 2 4
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBd360\fP 360 40 9 2 4
.TE
.PP
-5.25 inch high density device files:
-.PP
+5.25 inch high-density device files:
.TS
-lw(1i) l l l l l.
-Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #
+lw(1i) l l l l c
+lw(1i) c c c c c.
+Name Capacity Cyl. Sect. Heads Base
+ KiB minor #
_
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh360\fP 360K 40 9 2 20
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh410\fP 410K 41 10 2 48
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh420\fP 420K 42 10 2 64
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh720\fP 720K 80 9 2 24
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh880\fP 880K 80 11 2 80
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1200\fP 1200K 80 15 2 8
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1440\fP 1440K 80 18 2 40
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1476\fP 1476K 82 18 2 56
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1494\fP 1494K 83 18 2 72
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1600\fP 1600K 80 20 2 92
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh360\fP 360 40 9 2 20
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh410\fP 410 41 10 2 48
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh420\fP 420 42 10 2 64
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh720\fP 720 80 9 2 24
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh880\fP 880 80 11 2 80
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1200\fP 1200 80 15 2 8
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1440\fP 1440 80 18 2 40
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1476\fP 1476 82 18 2 56
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1494\fP 1494 83 18 2 72
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBh1600\fP 1600 80 20 2 92
.TE
.PP
-3.5 inch double density device files:
-.PP
+3.5 inch double-density device files:
.TS
-lw(1i) l l l l l.
-Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #
+lw(1i) l l l l c
+lw(1i) c c c c c.
+Name Capacity Cyl. Sect. Heads Base
+ KiB minor #
_
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBD360\fP 360K 80 9 1 12
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBD720\fP 720K 80 9 2 16
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBD800\fP 800K 80 10 2 120
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBD1040\fP 1040K 80 13 2 84
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBD1120\fP 1120K 80 14 2 88
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu360\fP 360 80 9 1 12
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu720\fP 720 80 9 2 16
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu800\fP 800 80 10 2 120
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1040\fP 1040 80 13 2 84
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1120\fP 1120 80 14 2 88
.TE
.PP
-3.5 inch high density device files:
-.PP
+3.5 inch high-density device files:
.TS
-lw(1i) l l l l l.
-Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #
+lw(1i) l l l l c
+lw(1i) c c c c c.
+Name Capacity Cyl. Sect. Heads Base
+ KiB minor #
_
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH360\fP 360K 40 9 2 12
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH720\fP 720K 80 9 2 16
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH820\fP 820K 82 10 2 52
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH830\fP 830K 83 10 2 68
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1440\fP 1440K 80 18 2 28
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1600\fP 1600K 80 20 2 124
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1680\fP 1680K 80 21 2 44
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1722\fP 1722K 82 21 2 60
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1743\fP 1743K 83 21 2 76
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1760\fP 1760K 80 22 2 96
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1840\fP 1840K 80 23 2 116
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBH1920\fP 1920K 80 24 2 100
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu360\fP 360 40 9 2 12
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu720\fP 720 80 9 2 16
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu820\fP 820 82 10 2 52
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu830\fP 830 83 10 2 68
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1440\fP 1440 80 18 2 28
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1600\fP 1600 80 20 2 124
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1680\fP 1680 80 21 2 44
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1722\fP 1722 82 21 2 60
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1743\fP 1743 83 21 2 76
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1760\fP 1760 80 22 2 96
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1840\fP 1840 80 23 2 116
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu1920\fP 1920 80 24 2 100
.TE
.PP
-3.5 inch extra density device files:
-.PP
+3.5 inch extra-density device files:
.TS
-lw(1i) l l l l l.
-Name Capac. Cyl. Sect. Heads Base minor #
+lw(1i) l l l l c
+lw(1i) c c c c c.
+Name Capacity Cyl. Sect. Heads Base
+ KiB minor #
_
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBE2880\fP 2880K 80 36 2 32
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBCompaQ\fP 2880K 80 36 2 36
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBE3200\fP 3200K 80 40 2 104
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBE3520\fP 3520K 80 44 2 108
-\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBE3840\fP 3840K 80 48 2 112
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu2880\fP 2880 80 36 2 32
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBCompaQ\fP 2880 80 36 2 36
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu3200\fP 3200 80 40 2 104
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu3520\fP 3520 80 44 2 108
+\fBfd\fP\fIn\fP\fBu3840\fP 3840 80 48 2 112
.TE
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBfd\fP special files access the floppy disk drives in raw mode.
.IP \fBFDCLRPRM\fP
clears the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive).
.IP \fBFDSETPRM\fP
-sets the media information of a drive. The media information will be
+sets the media information of a drive.
+The media information will be
lost when the media is changed.
.IP \fBFDDEFPRM\fP
-sets the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive). The
-media information will not be lost when the media is changed. This
-will disable autodetection. In order to re-enable autodetection, you
-have to issue an \fBFDCLRPRM\fP .
+sets the media information of a drive (geometry of disk in drive).
+The media information will not be lost when the media is changed.
+This will disable autodetection.
+In order to reenable autodetection, you
+have to issue an \fBFDCLRPRM\fP.
.IP \fBFDGETDRVTYP\fP
-returns the type of a drive (name parameter). For formats which work
+returns the type of a drive (name parameter).
+For formats which work
in several drive types, \fBFDGETDRVTYP\fP returns a name which is
appropriate for the oldest drive type which supports this format.
.IP \fBFDFLUSH\fP
.IP \fBFDWERRORCLR\fP
clears the write error statistics.
.IP \fBFDWERRORGET\fP
-reads the write error statistics. These include the total number of
+reads the write error statistics.
+These include the total number of
write errors, the location and disk of the first write error, and the
-location and disk of the last write error. Disks are identified by a
+location and disk of the last write error.
+Disks are identified by a
generation number which is incremented at (almost) each disk change.
.IP \fBFDTWADDLE\fP
-Switch the drive motor off for a few microseconds. This might be
+Switch the drive motor off for a few microseconds.
+This might be
needed in order to access a disk whose sectors are too close together.
.IP \fBFDSETDRVPRM\fP
sets various drive parameters.
.IP \fBFDRAWCMD\fP
sends a raw command to the floppy controller.
.PP
-For more precise information, consult also the <linux/fd.h> and
-<linux/fdreg.h> include files, as well as the manual page for
-floppycontrol.
+For more precise information, consult also the \fI<linux/fd.h>\fP and
+\fI<linux/fdreg.h>\fP include files, as well as the
+.BR floppycontrol (1)
+manual page.
+.SH FILES
+.I /dev/fd*
.SH NOTES
-The various formats allow to read and write many types of disks.
-However, if a floppy is formatted with a too small inter sector gap,
-performance may drop, up to needing a few seconds to access an entire
-track. To prevent this, use interleaved formats. It is not possible to
+The various formats permit reading and writing many types of disks.
+However, if a floppy is formatted with an inter-sector gap that is too small,
+performance may drop,
+to the point of needing a few seconds to access an entire track.
+To prevent this, use interleaved formats.
+.PP
+It is not possible to
read floppies which are formatted using GCR (group code recording),
which is used by Apple II and Macintosh computers (800k disks).
+.PP
Reading floppies which are hard sectored (one hole per sector, with
-the index hole being a little skewed) is not supported. This used to
-be common with older 8 inch floppies.
-.SH FILES
-/dev/fd*
-.SH AUTHORS
-Alain Knaff (Alain.Knaff@imag.fr), David Niemi
-(niemidc@clark.net), Bill Broadhurst (bbroad@netcom.com).
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
+the index hole being a little skewed) is not supported.
+This used to be common with older 8-inch floppies.
+.\" .SH AUTHORS
+.\" Alain Knaff (Alain.Knaff@imag.fr), David Niemi
+.\" (niemidc@clark.net), Bill Broadhurst (bbroad@netcom.com).
+.SH SEE ALSO
.BR chown (1),
.BR floppycontrol (1),
.BR getfdprm (1),
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff