+++ /dev/null
-.\" addpart.8 -- man page for addpart
-.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH ADDPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-addpart \- tell the kernel about the existence of a partition
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B addpart
-.I device partition start length
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B addpart
-tells the Linux kernel about the existence of the specified partition.
-The command is a simple wrapper around the "add partition" ioctl.
-
-This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device.
-
-.SH PARAMETERS
-.TP
-.I device
-The disk device.
-.TP
-.I partition
-The partition number.
-.TP
-.I start
-The beginning of the partition (in 512-byte sectors).
-.TP
-.I length
-The length of the partition (in 512-byte sectors).
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR delpart (8),
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8),
-.BR partx (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The addpart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH BLOCKDEV 8 "August 2010" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-blockdev \- call block device ioctls from the command line
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B blockdev
-.RB [ \-q ]
-.RB [ \-v ]
-.I command
-.RI [ command \&...\&]
-.I device
-.RI [ device \&...\&]
-.br
-.B blockdev
-.B \-\-report
-.RI [ device \&...\&]
-.br
-.B blockdev
-.BR \-h | \-V
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The utility
-.B blockdev
-allows one to call block device ioctls from the command line.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.IP "\fB\-q\fP"
-Be quiet.
-.IP "\fB\-v\fP"
-Be verbose.
-.IP "\fB\-\-report\fP"
-Print a report for the specified device. It is possible to give multiple
-devices. If none is given, all devices which appear in
-.I /proc/partitions
-are
-shown. Note that the partition StartSec is in 512-byte sectors.
-.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR"
-Display help text and exit.
-.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR"
-Print version and exit.
-.SH COMMANDS
-It is possible to give multiple devices and multiple commands.
-.IP "\fB\-\-flushbufs\fP"
-Flush buffers.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getalignoff\fP"
-Get alignment offset.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getbsz\fP"
-Print the blocksize in bytes.
-This size does not describe device topology. It's
-the size used internally by the kernel and it may be modified (for example) by
-filesystem driver on mount.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getdiscardzeroes\fP"
-Get discard zeroes support status.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getfra\fP"
-Get filesystem readahead in 512-byte sectors.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getiomin\fP"
-Get minimum I/O size.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getioopt\fP"
-Get optimal I/O size.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getmaxsect\fP"
-Get max sectors per request
-.IP "\fB\-\-getpbsz\fP"
-Get physical block (sector) size.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getra\fP"
-Print readahead (in 512-byte sectors).
-.IP "\fB\-\-getro\fP"
-Get read-only. Print 1 if the device is read-only, 0 otherwise.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getsize64\fP"
-Print device size in bytes.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getsize\fP"
-Print device size (32-bit!) in sectors. Deprecated in favor of the
-.B \-\-getsz
-option.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getss\fP"
-Print logical sector size in bytes \(en usually 512.
-.IP "\fB\-\-getsz\fP"
-Get size in 512-byte sectors.
-.IP "\fB\-\-rereadpt\fP"
-Reread partition table
-.IP "\fB\-\-setbsz\fP \fIbytes\fP"
-Set blocksize. Note that the block size is specific to the current file
-descriptor opening the block device, so the change of block size only persists
-for as long as
-.B blockdev
-has the device open, and is lost once
-.B blockdev
-exits.
-.IP "\fB\-\-setfra\fP \fIsectors\fP"
-Set filesystem readahead (same as
-.B \-\-setra
-on 2.6 kernels).
-.IP "\fB\-\-setra\fP \fIsectors\fP"
-Set readahead (in 512-byte sectors).
-.IP "\fB\-\-setro\fP"
-Set read-only. The currently active access to the device may not be affected by the change. For example,
-a filesystem already mounted in read-write mode will not be affected.
-The change applies after remount.
-.IP "\fB\-\-setrw\fP"
-Set read-write.
-.SH AUTHORS
-blockdev was written by Andries E.\& Brouwer and rewritten by Karel Zak.
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The blockdev command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" cfdisk.8 -- man page for cfdisk
-.\" Copyright 1994 Kevin E. Martin (martin@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.TH CFDISK 8 "March 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-cfdisk \- display or manipulate a disk partition table
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B cfdisk
-[options]
-.RI [ device ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B cfdisk
-is a curses-based program for partitioning any block device.
-The default device is
-.IR /dev/sda .
-
-Note that
-.B cfdisk
-provides basic partitioning functionality with a user-friendly interface.
-If you need advanced features, use
-.BR fdisk (8)
-instead.
-
-All disk label changes will remain in memory only, and the disk will be
-unmodified until you decide to write your changes. Be careful before using the
-write command.
-
-Since version 2.25
-.B cfdisk
-supports MBR (DOS), GPT, SUN and SGI disk labels, but no longer provides any
-functionality for CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing. CHS has
-never been important for Linux, and this addressing concept does not make any
-sense for new devices.
-
-Since version 2.25
-.B cfdisk
-also does not provide a 'print' command any more.
-This functionality is provided by the utilities
-.BR partx (8)
-and
-.BR lsblk (8)
-in a very comfortable and rich way.
-
-If you want to remove an old partition table from a device, use
-.BR wipefs (8).
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-L , " \-\-color" [ = \fIwhen\fR]
-Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP
-can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted,
-it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled, for the current built-in default
-see \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the COLORS section.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-read-only"
-Forced open in read-only mode.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-z , " \-\-zero"
-Start with an in-memory zeroed partition table. This option does not zero the
-partition table on the disk; rather, it simply starts the program without
-reading the existing partition table. This option allows you to create a new
-partition table from scratch or from an sfdisk-compatible script.
-
-.SH COMMANDS
-The commands for
-.B cfdisk
-can be entered by pressing the corresponding key (pressing
-.I Enter
-after the command is not necessary). Here is a list of the available
-commands:
-.TP
-.B b
-Toggle the bootable flag of the current partition. This allows you to
-select which primary partition is bootable on the drive. This command may not
-be available for all partition label types.
-.TP
-.B d
-Delete the current partition. This will convert the current partition
-into free space and merge it with any free space immediately
-surrounding the current partition. A partition already marked as free
-space or marked as unusable cannot be deleted.
-.TP
-.B h
-Show the help screen.
-.TP
-.B n
-Create a new partition from free space.
-.B cfdisk
-then prompts you for the size of the partition you want to create.
-The default size is equal to the entire available free space at the current
-position.
-
-The size may be followed by a multiplicative suffix: KiB (=1024),
-MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB
-(the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
-.TP
-.B q
-Quit the program. This will exit the program without writing any data to
-the disk.
-.TP
-.B r
-Reduce or enlarge the current partition.
-.B cfdisk
-then prompts you for the new size of the partition.
-The default size is the current size.
-A partition marked as free space or marked as unusable cannot be resized.
-
-.B Note that reducing the size of a partition might destroy data on that partition.
-.TP
-.B s
-Sort the partitions in ascending start-sector order. When deleting and
-adding partitions, it is likely that the numbering of the partitions will
-no longer match their order on the disk. This command restores that match.
-.TP
-.B t
-Change the partition type. By default, new partitions are created as
-.I Linux
-partitions.
-.TP
-.B u
-Dump the current in-memory partition table to an sfdisk-compatible script file.
-.sp
-The script files are compatible between \fBcfdisk\fR, \fBfdisk\fR, \fBsfdisk\fR
-and other libfdisk applications. For more details see
-.BR sfdisk (8).
-.sp
-It is also possible to load an sfdisk-script into \fBcfdisk\fR if there is
-no partition table on the device or when you start \fBcfdisk\fR with the
-\fB--zero\fR command-line option.
-.TP
-.B W
-Write the partition table to disk (you must enter an uppercase W). Since
-this might destroy data on the disk, you must either confirm or deny
-the write by entering `yes' or `no'. If you enter `yes',
-.B cfdisk
-will write the partition table to disk and then tell the kernel to re-read the
-partition table from the disk.
-
-The re-reading of the partition table does not always work. In such a
-case you need to inform the kernel about any new partitions by using
-.BR partprobe (8)
-or
-.BR partx (8),
-or by rebooting the system.
-.TP
-.B x
-Toggle extra information about a partition.
-.TP
-.IR "Up Arrow" , " Down Arrow"
-Move the cursor to the previous or next partition. If there are more
-partitions than can be displayed on a screen, you can display the next
-(previous) set of partitions by moving down (up) at the last (first)
-partition displayed on the screen.
-.TP
-.IR "Left Arrow" , " Right Arrow"
-Select the preceding or the next menu item. Hitting \fIEnter\fR will
-execute the currently selected item.
-
-.PP
-All commands can be entered with either uppercase or lowercase
-letters (except for
-.BR W rite).
-When in a submenu or at a prompt, you can hit the
-.I Esc
-key to return to the main menu.
-
-.SH COLORS
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by creating the empty file
-.IR /etc/terminal-colors.d/cfdisk.disable .
-
-See
-.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
-for more details about colorization configuration.
-
-.B cfdisk
-does not support color customization with a color-scheme file.
-
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP CFDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables cfdisk debug output.
-.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables libfdisk debug output.
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
-use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.PP
-The current cfdisk implementation is based on the original cfdisk
-from Kevin E. Martin (martin@cs.unc.edu).
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8),
-.BR partx (8),
-.BR sfdisk (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The cfdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" delpart.8 -- man page for delpart
-.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH DELPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-delpart \- tell the kernel to forget about a partition
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B delpart
-.I device partition
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B delpart
-asks the Linux kernel to forget about the specified \fIpartition\fR
-(a number) on the specified \fIdevice\fR.
-The command is a simple wrapper around the "del partition" ioctl.
-
-This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device.
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR addpart (8),
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8),
-.BR partx (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The delpart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1992, 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH FDFORMAT 8 "June 2020" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-fdformat \- low-level format a floppy disk
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fdformat
-.RI [options] " device"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B fdformat
-does a low-level format on a floppy disk.
-.I device
-is usually one of the following (for floppy devices the major = 2, and the
-minor is shown for informational purposes only):
-.sp
-.nf
-.RS
-/dev/fd0d360 (minor = 4)
-/dev/fd0h1200 (minor = 8)
-/dev/fd0D360 (minor = 12)
-/dev/fd0H360 (minor = 12)
-/dev/fd0D720 (minor = 16)
-/dev/fd0H720 (minor = 16)
-/dev/fd0h360 (minor = 20)
-/dev/fd0h720 (minor = 24)
-/dev/fd0H1440 (minor = 28)
-.PP
-/dev/fd1d360 (minor = 5)
-/dev/fd1h1200 (minor = 9)
-/dev/fd1D360 (minor = 13)
-/dev/fd1H360 (minor = 13)
-/dev/fd1D720 (minor = 17)
-/dev/fd1H720 (minor = 17)
-/dev/fd1h360 (minor = 21)
-/dev/fd1h720 (minor = 25)
-/dev/fd1H1440 (minor = 29)
-.RE
-.fi
-.PP
-The generic floppy devices, /dev/fd0 and /dev/fd1, will fail to work with
-.B fdformat
-when a non-standard format is being used, or if the format has not been
-autodetected earlier. In this case, use
-.BR setfdprm (8)
-to load the disk parameters.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-from\fR \fIN\fR
-Start at the track \fIN\fR (default is 0).
-.TP
-\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-to\fR \fIN\fR
-Stop at the track \fIN\fR.
-.TP
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repair\fR \fIN\fR
-Try to repair tracks failed during the verification (max \fIN\fR retries).
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-no\-verify\fR
-Skip the verification that is normally performed after the formatting.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH NOTES
-This utility does not handle USB floppy disk drives. Use
-.BR ufiformat (8)
-instead.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Werner Almesberger (almesber@nessie.cs.id.ethz.ch)
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fd (4),
-.BR emkfs (8),
-.BR mkfs (8),
-.BR setfdprm (8),
-.BR ufiformat (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fdformat command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1992, 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\" Copyright 2012 Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
-.\" Copyright (C) 2013 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH FDISK 8 "February 2016" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-
-.SH NAME
-fdisk \- manipulate disk partition table
-
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fdisk
-[options]
-.I device
-.sp
-.B fdisk \-l
-.RI [ device ...]
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B fdisk
-is a dialog-driven program for creation and manipulation of partition tables.
-It understands GPT, MBR, Sun, SGI and BSD partition tables.
-
-Block devices can be divided into one or more logical disks called
-.IR partitions .
-This division is recorded in the
-.IR "partition table" ,
-usually found in sector 0 of the disk.
-(In the BSD world one talks about `disk slices' and a `disklabel'.)
-
-All partitioning is driven by device I/O limits (the topology) by default.
-.B fdisk
-is able to optimize the disk layout for a 4K-sector size and use an alignment offset on
-modern devices for MBR and GPT. It is always a good idea to follow \fBfdisk\fR's defaults
-as the default values (e.g., first and last partition sectors) and partition
-sizes specified by the +/-<size>{M,G,...} notation are always aligned according
-to the device properties.
-
-CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing is deprecated and not used by default.
-Please, do not follow old articles and recommendations with "fdisk \-S <n> \-H
-<n>" advices for SSD or 4K-sector devices.
-
-Note that
-.BR partx (8)
-provides a rich interface for scripts to print disk layouts,
-.B fdisk
-is mostly designed for humans. Backward compatibility in the output of
-.B fdisk
-is not guaranteed. The input (the commands) should always be backward compatible.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-sector\-size\fR \fIsectorsize\fP
-Specify the sector size of the disk. Valid values are 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096.
-(Recent kernels know the sector size. Use this option only on old kernels or
-to override the kernel's ideas.) Since util-linux-2.17, \fBfdisk\fR differentiates
-between logical and physical sector size. This option changes both sector sizes to
-.IB sectorsize .
-.TP
-\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-protect\-boot\fP
-Don't erase the beginning of the first disk sector when creating a new disk label. This
-feature is supported for GPT and MBR.
-.TP
-\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-compatibility\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Specify the compatibility mode, 'dos' or 'nondos'. The default is non-DOS
-mode. For backward compatibility, it is possible to use the option without
-the \fImode\fR argument -- then the default is used. Note that the optional
-\fImode\fR argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-c\fR option by a space,
-the correct form is for example '\-c=dos'.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display a help text and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-color\fR[=\fIwhen\fR]
-Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP
-can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted,
-it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default
-see the \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fR section.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
-List the partition tables for the specified devices and then exit.
-
-If no devices are given, the devices mentioned in
-.I /proc/partitions
-(if this file exists) are used. Devices are always listed in the order in
-which they are specified on the command-line, or by the kernel listed
-in /proc/partitions.
-.TP
-\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-list\-details\fR
-Like \fB\-\-list\fR, but provides more details.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-noauto\-pt\fR
-Don't automatically create a default partition table on empty device. The partition table
-has to be explicitly created by user (by command like 'o', 'g', etc.).
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist\fP
-Specify which output columns to print. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns.
-
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fB\-o +UUID\fP).
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-getsz\fR
-Print the size in 512-byte sectors of each given block device. This option is DEPRECATED
-in favour of
-.BR blockdev (8).
-.TP
-\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-type\fR \fItype\fR
-Enable support only for disklabels of the specified \fItype\fP, and disable
-support for all other types.
-.TP
-\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-units\fR[=\fIunit\fR]
-When listing partition tables, show sizes in 'sectors' or in 'cylinders'. The
-default is to show sizes in sectors. For backward compatibility, it is possible
-to use the option without the \fIunit\fR argument -- then the default is used.
-Note that the optional \fIunit\fR argument cannot be separated from the \fB\-u\fR
-option by a space, the correct form is for example '\-u=cylinders'.
-
-.TP
-\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR \fInumber\fR
-Specify the number of cylinders of the disk.
-I have no idea why anybody would want to do so.
-.TP
-\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR \fInumber\fR
-Specify the number of heads of the disk. (Not the physical number,
-of course, but the number used for partition tables.)
-Reasonable values are 255 and 16.
-.TP
-\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR \fInumber\fR
-Specify the number of sectors per track of the disk.
-(Not the physical number, of course, but the number used for
-partition tables.) A reasonable value is 63.
-
-.TP
-\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-wipe\fR \fIwhen\fR
-Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from the device, in order
-to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can be \fBauto\fR,
-\fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the default is
-\fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode.
-In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages
-before a new partition table is created. See also
-.BR wipefs (8)
-command.
-
-.TP
-\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-wipe-partitions\fR \fIwhen\fR
-Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from a newly created
-partitions, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can
-be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the
-default is \fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in
-interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected
-signatures are reported by warning messages before a new partition is
-created. See also
-.BR wipefs (8)
-command.
-
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-
-.SH DEVICES
-The
-.I device
-is usually /dev/sda, /dev/sdb or so. A device name refers to the entire disk.
-Old systems without libata (a library used inside the Linux kernel to support
-ATA host controllers and devices) make a difference between IDE and SCSI disks.
-In such cases the device name will be /dev/hd* (IDE) or /dev/sd* (SCSI).
-
-The
-.I partition
-is a device name followed by a partition number. For example, /dev/sda1 is the
-first partition on the first hard disk in the system. See also Linux kernel
-documentation (the Documentation/admin-guide/devices.txt file).
-
-.SH SIZES
-The "last sector" dialog accepts partition size specified by number of sectors
-or by +/-<size>{K,B,M,G,...} notation.
-
-If the size is prefixed by '+' then it is interpreted as relative to the
-partition first sector. If the size is prefixed by '\-' then it is interpreted
-as relative to the high limit (last available sector for the partition).
-
-In the case the size is specified in bytes than the number may be followed by
-the multiplicative suffixes KiB=1024, MiB=1024*1024, and so on for GiB, TiB,
-PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB. The "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as
-"KiB".
-
-The relative sizes are always aligned according to device I/O limits. The
-+/-<size>{K,B,M,G,...} notation is recommended.
-
-For backward compatibility fdisk also accepts the suffixes KB=1000,
-MB=1000*1000, and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB. These 10\(haN suffixes
-are deprecated.
-
-.SH SCRIPT FILES
-.B fdisk
-allows reading (by 'I' command) sfdisk compatible script files. The script is
-applied to in-memory partition table, and then it is possible to modify the
-partition table before you write it to the device.
-.PP
-And vice-versa it is possible to write the current in-memory disk layout
-to the script file by command 'O'.
-.PP
-The script files are compatible between cfdisk, sfdisk, fdisk and other
-libfdisk applications. For more details see
-.BR sfdisk (8).
-
-.SH DISK LABELS
-.B GPT (GUID Partition Table)
-.RS
-GPT is modern standard for the layout of the partition table. GPT uses 64-bit
-logical block addresses, checksums, UUIDs and names for partitions and an
-unlimited number of partitions (although the number of partitions is
-usually restricted to 128 in many partitioning tools).
-
-Note that the first sector is still reserved for a
-.B protective MBR
-in the GPT specification. It prevents MBR-only partitioning tools
-from mis-recognizing and overwriting GPT disks.
-
-GPT is always a better choice than MBR, especially on modern hardware with a UEFI
-boot loader.
-.RE
-
-.B DOS-type (MBR)
-.RS
-A DOS-type partition table can describe an unlimited number of partitions. In sector 0
-there is room for the description of 4 partitions (called `primary'). One of
-these may be an extended partition; this is a box holding logical partitions,
-with descriptors found in a linked list of sectors, each preceding the
-corresponding logical partitions. The four primary partitions, present or not,
-get numbers 1-4. Logical partitions are numbered starting from 5.
-
-In a DOS-type partition table the starting offset and the size of each
-partition is stored in two ways: as an absolute number of sectors (given in 32
-bits), and as a
-.B Cylinders/Heads/Sectors
-triple (given in 10+8+6 bits). The former is OK -- with 512-byte sectors this
-will work up to 2 TB. The latter has two problems. First, these C/H/S fields
-can be filled only when the number of heads and the number of sectors per track
-are known. And second, even if we know what these numbers should be, the 24
-bits that are available do not suffice. DOS uses C/H/S only, Windows uses
-both, Linux never uses C/H/S. The
-.B C/H/S addressing is deprecated
-and may be unsupported in some later fdisk version.
-
-.B Please, read the DOS-mode section if you want DOS-compatible partitions.
-.B fdisk
-does not care about cylinder boundaries by default.
-.RE
-
-.B BSD/Sun-type
-.RS
-A BSD/Sun disklabel can describe 8 partitions, the third of which should be a `whole
-disk' partition. Do not start a partition that actually uses its first sector
-(like a swap partition) at cylinder 0, since that will destroy the disklabel.
-Note that a
-.B BSD label
-is usually nested within a DOS partition.
-.RE
-
-.B IRIX/SGI-type
-.RS
-An IRIX/SGI disklabel can describe 16 partitions, the eleventh of which should be an entire
-`volume' partition, while the ninth should be labeled `volume header'. The
-volume header will also cover the partition table, i.e., it starts at block
-zero and extends by default over five cylinders. The remaining space in the
-volume header may be used by header directory entries. No partitions may
-overlap with the volume header. Also do not change its type or make some
-filesystem on it, since you will lose the partition table. Use this type of
-label only when working with Linux on IRIX/SGI machines or IRIX/SGI disks under
-Linux.
-.RE
-
-A sync() and an ioctl(BLKRRPART) (rereading the partition table from disk)
-are performed before exiting when the partition table has been updated.
-
-.SH DOS mode and DOS 6.x WARNING
-.B Note that all this is deprecated. You don't have to care about things like
-.B geometry and cylinders on modern operating systems. If you really want
-.B DOS-compatible partitioning then you have to enable DOS mode and cylinder
-.B units by using the '\-c=dos \-u=cylinders' fdisk command-line options.
-
-The DOS 6.x FORMAT command looks for some information in the first sector of
-the data area of the partition, and treats this information as more reliable
-than the information in the partition table. DOS FORMAT expects DOS FDISK to
-clear the first 512 bytes of the data area of a partition whenever a size
-change occurs. DOS FORMAT will look at this extra information even if the /U
-flag is given -- we consider this a bug in DOS FORMAT and DOS FDISK.
-
-The bottom line is that if you use \fBfdisk\fR or \fBcfdisk\fR to change the
-size of a DOS partition table entry, then you must also use
-.BR dd "(1) to " "zero the first 512 bytes"
-of that partition before using DOS FORMAT to format the partition. For
-example, if you were using \fBfdisk\fR to make a DOS partition table entry for
-/dev/sda1, then (after exiting \fBfdisk\fR and rebooting Linux so that the
-partition table information is valid) you would use the command "dd
-if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=1" to zero the first 512 bytes of the
-partition.
-
-.B fdisk
-usually obtains the disk geometry automatically. This is not necessarily the
-physical disk geometry (indeed, modern disks do not really have anything like a
-physical geometry, certainly not something that can be described in the simplistic
-Cylinders/Heads/Sectors form), but it is the disk geometry that MS-DOS uses for
-the partition table.
-
-Usually all goes well by default, and there are no problems if Linux is the
-only system on the disk. However, if the disk has to be shared with other
-operating systems, it is often a good idea to let an fdisk from another
-operating system make at least one partition. When Linux boots it looks at the
-partition table, and tries to deduce what (fake) geometry is required for good
-cooperation with other systems.
-
-Whenever a partition table is printed out in DOS mode, a consistency check is
-performed on the partition table entries. This check verifies that the
-physical and logical start and end points are identical, and that each
-partition starts and ends on a cylinder boundary (except for the first
-partition).
-
-Some versions of MS-DOS create a first partition which does not begin
-on a cylinder boundary, but on sector 2 of the first cylinder.
-Partitions beginning in cylinder 1 cannot begin on a cylinder boundary, but
-this is unlikely to cause difficulty unless you have OS/2 on your machine.
-
-For best results, you should always use an OS-specific partition table
-program. For example, you should make DOS partitions with the DOS FDISK
-program and Linux partitions with the Linux fdisk or Linux cfdisk programs.
-.SH COLORS
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal-colors.d/fdisk.disable\fR.
-
-See
-.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
-for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names
-supported by
-.B fdisk
-are:
-.TP
-.B header
-The header of the output tables.
-.TP
-.B help-title
-The help section titles.
-.TP
-.B warn
-The warning messages.
-.TP
-.B welcome
-The welcome message.
-
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP FDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables fdisk debug output.
-.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables libfdisk debug output.
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
-use visible padding characters. Requires enabled LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG.
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME
-.br
-.MT dave@gnu.org
-Davidlohr Bueso
-.ME
-.br
-.PP
-The original version was written by
-Andries E. Brouwer, A. V. Le Blanc and others.
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR cfdisk (8),
-.BR mkfs (8),
-.BR partx (8),
-.BR sfdisk (8)
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved.
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.\"
-.TH FSCK 8 "February 2009" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-fsck \- check and repair a Linux filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fsck
-.RB [ \-lsAVRTMNP ]
-.RB [ \-r
-.RI [ fd ]]
-.RB [ \-C
-.RI [ fd ]]
-.RB [ \-t
-.IR fstype ]
-.RI [ filesystem \&...\&]
-.RB [ \-\- ]
-.RI [ fs-specific-options ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B fsck
-is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux filesystems.
-.I filesys
-can be a device name (e.g.,
-.IR /dev/hdc1 ", " /dev/sdb2 ),
-a mount point (e.g.,
-.IR / ", " /usr ", " /home ),
-or an filesystem label or UUID specifier (e.g.,
-UUID=8868abf6-88c5-4a83-98b8-bfc24057f7bd or LABEL=root).
-Normally, the
-.B fsck
-program will try to handle filesystems on different physical disk drives
-in parallel to reduce the total amount of time needed to check all of them.
-.PP
-If no filesystems are specified on the command line, and the
-.B \-A
-option is not specified,
-.B fsck
-will default to checking filesystems in
-.I /etc/fstab
-serially. This is equivalent to the
-.B \-As
-options.
-.PP
-The exit status returned by
-.B fsck
-is the sum of the following conditions:
-.PP
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-No errors
-.TP
-.B 1
-Filesystem errors corrected
-.TP
-.B 2
-System should be rebooted
-.TP
-.B 4
-Filesystem errors left uncorrected
-.TP
-.B 8
-Operational error
-.TP
-.B 16
-Usage or syntax error
-.TP
-.B 32
-Checking canceled by user request
-.TP
-.B 128
-Shared-library error
-.PD
-.RE
-.PP
-The exit status returned when multiple filesystems are checked
-is the bit-wise OR of the exit statuses for each
-filesystem that is checked.
-.PP
-In actuality,
-.B fsck
-is simply a front-end for the various filesystem checkers
-(\fBfsck\fR.\fIfstype\fR) available under Linux. The
-filesystem-specific checker is searched for in the
-PATH environment variable. If the PATH is undefined then
-fallback to "/sbin".
-.PP
-Please see the filesystem-specific checker manual pages for
-further details.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-l
-Create an exclusive
-.BR flock (2)
-lock file (/run/fsck/<diskname>.lock) for whole-disk device.
-This option can be used with one device only (this means that \fB\-A\fR and
-\fB\-l\fR are mutually exclusive). This option is recommended when more
-.BR fsck (8)
-instances are executed in the same time. The option is ignored when used for
-multiple devices or for non-rotating disks. \fBfsck\fR does not lock underlying
-devices when executed to check stacked devices (e.g.\& MD or DM) \(en this feature is
-not implemented yet.
-.TP
-.BR \-r \ [ \fIfd\fR ]
-Report certain statistics for each fsck when it completes. These statistics
-include the exit status, the maximum run set size (in kilobytes), the elapsed
-all-clock time and the user and system CPU time used by the fsck run. For
-example:
-
-/dev/sda1: status 0, rss 92828, real 4.002804, user 2.677592, sys 0.86186
-
-GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor
-.IR fd ,
-in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor
-in a machine parsable format. For example:
-
-/dev/sda1 0 92828 4.002804 2.677592 0.86186
-.TP
-.B \-s
-Serialize
-.B fsck
-operations. This is a good idea if you are checking multiple
-filesystems and the checkers are in an interactive mode. (Note:
-.BR e2fsck (8)
-runs in an interactive mode by default. To make
-.BR e2fsck (8)
-run in a non-interactive mode, you must either specify the
-.B \-p
-or
-.B \-a
-option, if you wish for errors to be corrected automatically, or the
-.B \-n
-option if you do not.)
-.TP
-.BI \-t " fslist"
-Specifies the type(s) of filesystem to be checked. When the
-.B \-A
-flag is specified, only filesystems that match
-.I fslist
-are checked. The
-.I fslist
-parameter is a comma-separated list of filesystems and options
-specifiers. All of the filesystems in this comma-separated list may be
-prefixed by a negation operator
-.RB ' no '
-or
-.RB ' ! ',
-which requests that only those filesystems not listed in
-.I fslist
-will be checked. If none of the filesystems in
-.I fslist
-is prefixed by a negation operator, then only those listed filesystems
-will be checked.
-.sp
-Options specifiers may be included in the comma-separated
-.IR fslist .
-They must have the format
-.BI opts= fs-option\fR.
-If an options specifier is present, then only filesystems which contain
-.I fs-option
-in their mount options field of
-.I /etc/fstab
-will be checked. If the options specifier is prefixed by a negation
-operator, then only
-those filesystems that do not have
-.I fs-option
-in their mount options field of
-.I /etc/fstab
-will be checked.
-.sp
-For example, if
-.B opts=ro
-appears in
-.IR fslist ,
-then only filesystems listed in
-.I /etc/fstab
-with the
-.B ro
-option will be checked.
-.sp
-For compatibility with Mandrake distributions whose boot scripts
-depend upon an unauthorized UI change to the
-.B fsck
-program, if a filesystem type of
-.B loop
-is found in
-.IR fslist ,
-it is treated as if
-.B opts=loop
-were specified as an argument to the
-.B \-t
-option.
-.sp
-Normally, the filesystem type is deduced by searching for
-.I filesys
-in the
-.I /etc/fstab
-file and using the corresponding entry.
-If the type cannot be deduced, and there is only a single filesystem
-given as an argument to the
-.B \-t
-option,
-.B fsck
-will use the specified filesystem type. If this type is not
-available, then the default filesystem type (currently ext2) is used.
-.TP
-.B \-A
-Walk through the
-.I /etc/fstab
-file and try to check all filesystems in one run. This option is
-typically used from the
-.I /etc/rc
-system initialization file, instead of multiple commands for checking
-a single filesystem.
-.sp
-The root filesystem will be checked first unless the
-.B \-P
-option is specified (see below). After that,
-filesystems will be checked in the order specified by the
-.I fs_passno
-(the sixth) field in the
-.I /etc/fstab
-file.
-Filesystems with a
-.I fs_passno
-value of 0 are skipped and are not checked at all. Filesystems with a
-.I fs_passno
-value of greater than zero will be checked in order,
-with filesystems with the lowest
-.I fs_passno
-number being checked first.
-If there are multiple filesystems with the same pass number,
-.B fsck
-will attempt to check them in parallel, although it will avoid running
-multiple filesystem checks on the same physical disk.
-.sp
-.B fsck
-does not check stacked devices (RAIDs, dm-crypt, \&...\&) in parallel with any other
-device. See below for FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL setting. The /sys filesystem is
-used to determine dependencies between devices.
-.sp
-Hence, a very common configuration in
-.I /etc/fstab
-files is to set the root filesystem to have a
-.I fs_passno
-value of 1
-and to set all other filesystems to have a
-.I fs_passno
-value of 2. This will allow
-.B fsck
-to automatically run filesystem checkers in parallel if it is advantageous
-to do so. System administrators might choose
-not to use this configuration if they need to avoid multiple filesystem
-checks running in parallel for some reason \(en for example, if the
-machine in question is short on memory so that
-excessive paging is a concern.
-.sp
-.B fsck
-normally does not check whether the device actually exists before
-calling a filesystem specific checker. Therefore non-existing
-devices may cause the system to enter filesystem repair mode during
-boot if the filesystem specific checker returns a fatal error. The
-.I /etc/fstab
-mount option
-.B nofail
-may be used to have
-.B fsck
-skip non-existing devices.
-.B fsck
-also skips non-existing devices that have the special filesystem type
-.BR auto .
-.TP
-.BR \-C \ [ \fIfd\fR ]
-Display completion/progress bars for those filesystem checkers (currently
-only for ext[234]) which support them. \fBfsck\fR will manage the
-filesystem checkers so that only one of them will display
-a progress bar at a time. GUI front-ends may specify a file descriptor
-.IR fd ,
-in which case the progress bar information will be sent to that file descriptor.
-.TP
-.B \-M
-Do not check mounted filesystems and return an exit status of 0
-for mounted filesystems.
-.TP
-.B \-N
-Don't execute, just show what would be done.
-.TP
-.B \-P
-When the
-.B \-A
-flag is set, check the root filesystem in parallel with the other filesystems.
-This is not the safest thing in the world to do,
-since if the root filesystem is in doubt things like the
-.BR e2fsck (8)
-executable might be corrupted! This option is mainly provided
-for those sysadmins who don't want to repartition the root
-filesystem to be small and compact (which is really the right solution).
-.TP
-.B \-R
-When checking all filesystems with the
-.B \-A
-flag, skip the root filesystem. (This is useful in case the root
-filesystem has already been mounted read-write.)
-.TP
-.B \-T
-Don't show the title on startup.
-.TP
-.B \-V
-Produce verbose output, including all filesystem-specific commands
-that are executed.
-.TP
-\fB\-?\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC OPTIONS
-.B Options which are not understood by fsck are passed to the filesystem-specific checker!
-.PP
-These options
-.B must
-not take arguments, as there is no
-way for
-.B fsck
-to be able to properly guess which options take arguments and which
-don't.
-.PP
-Options and arguments which follow the
-.B \-\-
-are treated as filesystem-specific options to be passed to the
-filesystem-specific checker.
-.PP
-Please note that \fBfsck\fR is not
-designed to pass arbitrarily complicated options to filesystem-specific
-checkers. If you're doing something complicated, please just
-execute the filesystem-specific checker directly. If you pass
-.B fsck
-some horribly complicated options and arguments, and it doesn't do
-what you expect,
-.B don't bother reporting it as a bug.
-You're almost certainly doing something that you shouldn't be doing
-with
-.BR fsck .
-Options to different filesystem-specific fsck's are not standardized.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-The
-.B fsck
-program's behavior is affected by the following environment variables:
-.TP
-.B FSCK_FORCE_ALL_PARALLEL
-If this environment variable is set,
-.B fsck
-will attempt to check all of the specified filesystems in parallel, regardless of
-whether the filesystems appear to be on the same device. (This is useful for
-RAID systems or high-end storage systems such as those sold by companies such
-as IBM or EMC.) Note that the fs_passno value is still used.
-.TP
-.B FSCK_MAX_INST
-This environment variable will limit the maximum number of filesystem
-checkers that can be running at one time. This allows configurations
-which have a large number of disks to avoid
-.B fsck
-starting too many filesystem checkers at once, which might overload
-CPU and memory resources available on the system. If this value is
-zero, then an unlimited number of processes can be spawned. This is
-currently the default, but future versions of
-.B fsck
-may attempt to automatically determine how many filesystem checks can
-be run based on gathering accounting data from the operating system.
-.TP
-.B PATH
-The
-.B PATH
-environment variable is used to find filesystem checkers.
-.TP
-.B FSTAB_FILE
-This environment variable allows the system administrator
-to override the standard location of the
-.I /etc/fstab
-file. It is also useful for developers who are testing
-.BR fsck .
-.TP
-.B LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.TP
-.B LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
-enables libmount debug output.
-.SH FILES
-.I /etc/fstab
-.SH AUTHORS
-.nf
-Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.fi
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.na
-.BR fstab (5),
-.BR mkfs (8),
-.BR fsck.ext2 (8)
-or
-.BR fsck.ext3 (8)
-or
-.BR e2fsck (8),
-.BR fsck.cramfs (8),
-.BR fsck.jfs (8),
-.BR fsck.nfs (8),
-.BR fsck.minix (8),
-.BR fsck.msdos (8),
-.BR fsck.vfat (8),
-.BR fsck.xfs (8),
-.BR reiserfsck (8)
-.ad
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fsck command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH FSCK.CRAMFS 8 "April 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-fsck.cramfs \- fsck compressed ROM file system
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fsck.cramfs
-[options]
-.I file
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I fsck.cramfs
-is used to check the cramfs file system.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
-Enable verbose messaging.
-.TP
-\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-blocksize\fR \fIblocksize\fR
-Use this blocksize, defaults to page size. Must be equal to what was set at
-creation time. Only used for \-\-extract.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-extract\fR[=\fIdirectory\fR]
-Test to uncompress the whole file system. Optionally extract contents of the
-.I file
-to
-.IR directory .
-.TP
-\fB\-a\fR
-This option is silently ignored.
-.TP
-\fB\-y\fR
-This option is silently ignored.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 4
-file system was left uncorrected
-.TP
-.B 8
-operation error, such as unable to allocate memory
-.TP
-.B 16
-usage information was printed
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mount (8),
-.BR mkfs.cramfs (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fsck.cramfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" May be freely distributed.
-.TH FSCK.MINIX 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-fsck.minix \- check consistency of Minix filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B fsck.minix
-[options]
-.I device
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B fsck.minix
-performs a consistency check for the Linux MINIX filesystem.
-.PP
-The program assumes the filesystem is quiescent.
-.B fsck.minix
-should not be used on a mounted device unless you can be sure nobody is
-writing to it. Remember that the kernel can write to device when it
-searches for files.
-.PP
-The \fIdevice\fR name will usually have the following form:
-.RS
-.TS
-tab(:);
-l l.
-/dev/hda[1\(en63]:IDE disk 1
-/dev/hdb[1\(en63]:IDE disk 2
-/dev/sda[1\(en15]:SCSI disk 1
-/dev/sdb[1\(en15]:SCSI disk 2
-.TE
-.RE
-.PP
-If the filesystem was changed, i.e., repaired, then
-.B fsck.minix
-will print "FILE SYSTEM HAS CHANGED" and will
-.BR sync (2)
-three times before exiting. There is
-.I no
-need to reboot after check.
-.SH WARNING
-.B fsck.minix
-should
-.B not
-be used on a mounted filesystem. Using
-.B fsck.minix
-on a mounted filesystem is very dangerous, due to the possibility that
-deleted files are still in use, and can seriously damage a perfectly good
-filesystem! If you absolutely have to run
-.B fsck.minix
-on a mounted filesystem, such as the root filesystem, make sure nothing
-is writing to the disk, and that no files are "zombies" waiting for
-deletion.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
-List all filenames.
-.TP
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repair\fR
-Perform interactive repairs.
-.TP
-\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-auto\fR
-Perform automatic repairs. This option implies
-.B \-\-repair
-and serves to answer all of the questions asked with the default. Note
-that this can be extremely dangerous in the case of extensive filesystem
-damage.
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
-Be verbose.
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-super\fR
-Output super-block information.
-.TP
-\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-uncleared\fR
-Activate MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings.
-.TP
-\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
-Force a filesystem check even if the filesystem was marked as valid.
-Marking is done by the kernel when the filesystem is unmounted.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH DIAGNOSTICS
-There are numerous diagnostic messages. The ones mentioned here are the
-most commonly seen in normal usage.
-.PP
-If the device does not exist,
-.B fsck.minix
-will print "unable to read super block". If the device exists, but is not
-a MINIX filesystem,
-.B fsck.minix
-will print "bad magic number in super-block".
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The exit status returned by
-.B fsck.minix
-is the sum of the following:
-.PP
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-No errors
-.TP
-.B 3
-Filesystem errors corrected, system should be rebooted if filesystem was
-mounted
-.TP
-.B 4
-Filesystem errors left uncorrected
-.TP
-.B 7
-Combination of exit statuses 3 and 4
-.TP
-.B 8
-Operational error
-.TP
-.B 16
-Usage or syntax error
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT torvalds@\:cs.\:helsinki.\:fi
-Linus Torvalds
-.ME
-.br
-Exit status values by
-.MT faith@\:cs.\:unc.\:edu
-Rik Faith
-.ME
-.br
-Added support for filesystem valid flag:
-.MT greg%\:wind.\:uucp@\:plains.\:nodak.\:edu
-Dr.\& Wettstein
-.ME .
-.br
-Check to prevent fsck of mounted filesystem added by
-.MT quinlan@\:yggdrasil.\:com
-Daniel Quinlan
-.ME .
-.br
-Minix v2 fs support by
-.MT schwab@\:issan.\:informatik.\:uni-dortmund.\:de
-Andreas Schwab
-.ME ,
-updated by
-.MT janl@\:math.\:uio.\:no
-Nicolai Langfeldt
-.ME .
-.br
-Portability patch by
-.MT rmk@\:ecs.\:soton.\:ac.\:uk
-Russell King
-.ME .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fsck (8),
-.BR fsck.ext2 (8),
-.BR mkfs (8),
-.BR mkfs.ext2 (8),
-.BR mkfs.minix (8),
-.BR reboot (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The fsck.minix command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH ISOSIZE 8 "June 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-isosize \- output the length of an iso9660 filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B isosize
-.RI [options] " iso9660_image_file"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This command outputs the length of an iso9660 filesystem that
-is contained in the specified file. This file may be a normal file or
-a block device (e.g.\& /dev/hdd or /dev/sr0). In the absence of
-any options (and errors), it will output the size of the iso9660
-filesystem in bytes. This can now be a large number (>> 4\ GB).
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-sectors"
-Show the block count and block size in human-readable form.
-The output uses the term "sectors" for "blocks".
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-divisor " \fInumber\fR
-Only has an effect when
-.B \-x
-is not given. The value shown (if no errors)
-is the iso9660 file size in bytes divided by
-.IR number .
-So if
-.I number
-is the block size then the shown value will be the block count.
-.PP
-The size of the file (or block device) holding an iso9660
-filesystem can be marginally larger than the actual size of the
-iso9660 filesystem. One reason for this is that cd writers
-are allowed to add "run out" sectors at the end of an iso9660
-image.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 1
-generic failure, such as invalid usage
-.TP
-.B 32
-all failed
-.TP
-.B 64
-some failed
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The isosize command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH MKFS 8 "June 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-mkfs \- build a Linux filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mkfs
-[options]
-.RB [ \-t
-.IR type "] [" fs-options ] " device " [ size ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B This mkfs frontend is deprecated in favour of filesystem specific mkfs.<type> utils.
-.PP
-.B mkfs
-is used to build a Linux filesystem on a device, usually
-a hard disk partition. The
-.I device
-argument is either the device name (e.g.,
-.IR /dev/hda1 ,
-.IR /dev/sdb2 ),
-or a regular file that shall contain the filesystem. The
-.I size
-argument is the number of blocks to be used for the filesystem.
-.PP
-The exit status returned by
-.B mkfs
-is 0 on success and 1 on failure.
-.PP
-In actuality,
-.B mkfs
-is simply a front-end for the various filesystem builders
-(\fBmkfs.\fIfstype\fR)
-available under Linux.
-The filesystem-specific builder is searched for via your PATH
-environment setting only.
-Please see the filesystem-specific builder manual pages for
-further details.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-type " \fItype\fR
-Specify the \fItype\fR of filesystem to be built.
-If not specified, the default filesystem type
-(currently ext2) is used.
-.TP
-.I fs-options
-Filesystem-specific options to be passed to the real filesystem builder.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-verbose"
-Produce verbose output, including all filesystem-specific commands
-that are executed.
-Specifying this option more than once inhibits execution of any
-filesystem-specific commands.
-This is really only useful for testing.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit. (Option \fB\-V\fR will display
-version information only when it is the only parameter, otherwise it
-will work as \fB\-\-verbose\fR.)
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH BUGS
-All generic options must precede and not be combined with
-filesystem-specific options.
-Some filesystem-specific programs do not automatically
-detect the device size and require the
-.I size
-parameter to be specified.
-.SH AUTHORS
-David Engel (david@ods.com)
-.br
-Fred N.\& van Kempen (waltje@uwalt.nl.mugnet.org)
-.br
-Ron Sommeling (sommel@sci.kun.nl)
-.br
-The manual page was shamelessly adapted from Remy Card's version
-for the ext2 filesystem.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.na
-.BR fs (5),
-.BR badblocks (8),
-.BR fsck (8),
-.BR mkdosfs (8),
-.BR mke2fs (8),
-.BR mkfs.bfs (8),
-.BR mkfs.ext2 (8),
-.BR mkfs.ext3 (8),
-.BR mkfs.ext4 (8),
-.BR mkfs.minix (8),
-.BR mkfs.msdos (8),
-.BR mkfs.vfat (8),
-.BR mkfs.xfs (8)
-.ad
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mkfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1999 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\" May be freely distributed.
-.TH MKFS.BFS 8 "July 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-mkfs.bfs \- make an SCO bfs filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mkfs.bfs
-.RI [options] " device " [ block-count ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mkfs.bfs
-creates an SCO bfs filesystem on a block device
-(usually a disk partition or a file accessed via the loop device).
-.PP
-The
-.I block-count
-parameter is the desired size of the filesystem, in blocks.
-If nothing is specified, the entire partition will be used.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-N , " \-\-inodes " \fInumber\fR
-Specify the desired \fInumber\fR of inodes (at most 512).
-If nothing is specified, some default number in the range 48\(en512 is picked
-depending on the size of the partition.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-vname " \fIlabel\fR
-Specify the volume \fIlabel\fR. I have no idea if/where this is used.
-.TP
-.BR \-F , " \-\-fname " \fIname\fR
-Specify the filesystem \fIname\fR. I have no idea if/where this is used.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose"
-Explain what is being done.
-.TP
-.B \-c
-This option is silently ignored.
-.TP
-.B \-l
-This option is silently ignored.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-Option
-.B \-V
-only works as
-.B \-\-version
-when it is the only option.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The exit status returned by
-.B mkfs.bfs
-is 0 when all went well, and 1 when something went wrong.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mkfs (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mkfs.bfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.TH MKFS.CRAMFS 8 "April 2013" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-mkfs.cramfs \- make compressed ROM file system
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mkfs.cramfs
-[options]
-.I directory file
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Files on cramfs file systems are zlib-compressed one page at a time to
-allow random read access. The metadata is not compressed, but is
-expressed in a terse representation that is more space-efficient than
-conventional file systems.
-.PP
-The file system is intentionally read-only to simplify its design; random
-write access for compressed files is difficult to implement. cramfs
-ships with a utility (mkcramfs) to pack files into new cramfs images.
-.PP
-File sizes are limited to less than 16\ MB.
-.PP
-Maximum file system size is a little under 272\ MB. (The last file on the
-file system must begin before the 256\ MB block, but can extend past it.)
-.SH ARGUMENTS
-The
-.I directory
-is simply the root of the directory tree that we want to generate a
-compressed filesystem out of.
-.PP
-The
-.I file
-will contain the cram file system, which later can be mounted.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR
-Enable verbose messaging.
-.TP
-\fB\-E\fR
-Treat all warnings as errors, which are reflected as command exit status.
-.TP
-\fB\-b\fR \fIblocksize\fR
-Use defined block size, which has to be divisible by page size.
-.TP
-\fB\-e\fR \fIedition\fR
-Use defined file system edition number in superblock.
-.TP
-\fB\-N\fR \fIbig, little, host\fR
-Use defined endianness. Value defaults to
-.IR host .
-.TP
-\fB\-i\fR \fIfile\fR
-Insert a
-.I file
-to cramfs file system.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR \fIname\fR
-Set name of the cramfs file system.
-.TP
-\fB\-p\fR
-Pad by 512 bytes for boot code.
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR
-This option is ignored. Originally the \-s turned on directory entry
-sorting.
-.TP
-\fB\-z\fR
-Make explicit holes.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.RS
-.PD 0
-.TP
-.B 0
-success
-.TP
-.B 8
-operation error, such as unable to allocate memory
-.PD
-.RE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fsck.cramfs (8),
-.BR mount (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mkfs.cramfs command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" May be freely distributed.
-.TH MKFS.MINIX 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-mkfs.minix \- make a Minix filesystem
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mkfs.minix
-[options]
-.I device
-.RI [ size-in-blocks ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mkfs.minix
-creates a Linux MINIX filesystem on a device (usually a disk partition).
-
-The
-.I device
-is usually of the following form:
-
-.nf
-.RS
-/dev/hda[1\(en8] (IDE disk 1)
-/dev/hdb[1\(en8] (IDE disk 2)
-/dev/sda[1\(en8] (SCSI disk 1)
-/dev/sdb[1\(en8] (SCSI disk 2)
-.RE
-.fi
-
-The device may be a block device or an image file of one, but this is not
-enforced. Expect not much fun on a character device :-).
-.PP
-The
-.I size-in-blocks
-parameter is the desired size of the file system, in blocks.
-It is present only for backwards compatibility.
-If omitted the size will be determined automatically.
-Only block counts strictly greater than 10 and strictly less than
-65536 are allowed.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
-Check the device for bad blocks before creating the filesystem. If any
-are found, the count is printed.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-namelength\fR \fIlength\fR
-Specify the maximum length of filenames. Currently, the only allowable
-values are 14 and 30 for file system versions 1 and 2. Version 3 allows
-only value 60. The default is 30.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inodes\fR \fInumber\fR
-Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-badblocks\fR \fIfilename\fR
-Read the list of bad blocks from
-.IR filename .
-The file has one bad-block number per line. The count of bad blocks read
-is printed.
-.TP
-.B \-1
-Make a Minix version 1 filesystem. This is the default.
-.TP
-.BR \-2 , " \-v"
-Make a Minix version 2 filesystem.
-.TP
-.B \-3
-Make a Minix version 3 filesystem.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit. The long option cannot be combined
-with other options.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-The exit status returned by
-.B mkfs.minix
-is one of the following:
-.IP 0
-No errors
-.IP 8
-Operational error
-.IP 16
-Usage or syntax error
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fsck (8),
-.BR mkfs (8),
-.BR reboot (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mkfs.minix command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1998 Andries E. Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\"
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.\"
-.TH MKSWAP 8 "March 2009" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-mkswap \- set up a Linux swap area
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B mkswap
-[options]
-.I device
-.RI [ size ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B mkswap
-sets up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.
-
-The
-.I device
-argument will usually be a disk partition (something like
-.IR /dev/sdb7 )
-but can also be a file.
-The Linux kernel does not look at partition IDs, but
-many installation scripts will assume that partitions
-of hex type 82 (LINUX_SWAP) are meant to be swap partitions.
-(\fBWarning: Solaris also uses this type. Be careful not to kill
-your Solaris partitions.\fP)
-
-The
-.I size
-parameter is superfluous but retained for backwards compatibility.
-(It specifies the desired size of the swap area in 1024-byte blocks.
-.B mkswap
-will use the entire partition or file if it is omitted.
-Specifying it is unwise \(en a typo may destroy your disk.)
-
-After creating the swap area, you need the
-.B swapon
-command to start using it. Usually swap areas are listed in
-.I /etc/fstab
-so that they can be taken into use at boot time by a
-.B swapon \-a
-command in some boot script.
-
-.SH WARNING
-The swap header does not touch the first block. A boot loader or disk label
-can be there, but it is not a recommended setup. The recommended setup is to
-use a separate partition for a Linux swap area.
-
-.BR mkswap ,
-like many others mkfs-like utils,
-.B erases the first partition block to make any previous filesystem invisible.
-
-However,
-.B mkswap
-refuses to erase the first block on a device with a disk
-label (SUN, BSD, \&...\&).
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-c , " \-\-check"
-Check the device (if it is a block device) for bad blocks
-before creating the swap area.
-If any bad blocks are found, the count is printed.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-force"
-Go ahead even if the command is stupid.
-This allows the creation of a swap area larger than the file
-or partition it resides on.
-
-Also, without this option,
-.B mkswap
-will refuse to erase the first block on a device with a partition table.
-.TP
-.BR \-L , " \-\-label " \fIlabel\fR
-Specify a \fIlabel\fR for the device, to allow
-.B swapon
-by label.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-pagesize " \fIsize\fR
-Specify the page \fIsize\fR (in bytes) to use. This option is usually unnecessary;
-.B mkswap
-reads the size from the kernel.
-.TP
-.BR \-U , " \-\-uuid " \fIUUID\fR
-Specify the \fIUUID\fR to use. The default is to generate a UUID.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-swapversion 1"
-Specify the swap-space version. (This option is currently pointless, as the old
-.B \-v 0
-option has become obsolete and now only
-.B \-v 1
-is supported.
-The kernel has not supported v0 swap-space format since 2.5.22 (June 2002).
-The new version v1 is supported since 2.1.117 (August 1998).)
-.TP
-\fB\-\-verbose\fR
-Verbose execution. With this option
-.B mkswap
-will output more details about detected problems during swap area set up.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-
-.SH NOTES
-The maximum useful size of a swap area depends on the architecture and
-the kernel version.
-
-The maximum number of the pages that is possible to address by swap area header
-is 4294967295 (32-bit unsigned int). The remaining space on the swap device is ignored.
-
-Presently, Linux allows 32 swap areas.
-The areas in use can be seen in the file
-.I /proc/swaps
-
-.B mkswap
-refuses areas smaller than 10 pages.
-
-If you don't know the page size that your machine uses, you may be
-able to look it up with "cat /proc/cpuinfo" (or you may not \(en
-the contents of this file depend on architecture and kernel version).
-
-To set up a swap file, it is necessary to create that file before
-initializing it with
-.BR mkswap ,
-e.g.\& using a command like
-
-.nf
-.RS
-# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1MiB count=$((8*1024))
-.RE
-.fi
-
-to create 8GiB swapfile.
-
-Please read notes from
-.BR swapon (8)
-about
-.B the swap file use restrictions
-(holes, preallocation and copy-on-write issues).
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR swapon (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The mkswap command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" partx.8 -- man page for partx
-.\" Copyright 2007 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\" Copyright 2007 Red Hat, Inc.
-.\" Copyright 2010 Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org>
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.\"
-.TH PARTX "8" "December 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-partx \- tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B partx
-.RB [ \-a | \-d | \-P | \-r | \-s | \-u ]
-.RB [ \-t " \fItype\fR]"
-.RB [ \-n " \fIM" : \fIN\fR]
-.RB [ \- "] " \fIdisk
-.br
-.B partx
-.RB [ \-a | \-d | \-P | \-r | \-s | \-u ]
-.RB [ \-t " \fItype\fR]"
-.IR partition " [" disk ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Given a device or disk-image,
-.B partx
-tries to parse the partition table and list its contents. It
-can also tell the kernel to add or remove partitions from its
-bookkeeping.
-.PP
-The
-.I disk
-argument is optional when a
-.I partition
-argument is provided. To force scanning a partition as if it were a whole disk
-(for example to list nested subpartitions), use the argument "\-" (hyphen-minus).
-For example:
-
-.RS 7
-.TP
-partx \-\-show \- /dev/sda3
-.RE
-.PP
-This will see sda3 as a whole-disk rather than as a partition.
-.PP
-.B partx is not an fdisk program
-\(en adding and removing partitions does not change the disk, it just
-tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
-partitions.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-add"
-Add the specified partitions, or read the disk and add all partitions.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-bytes"
-Print the SIZE column in bytes rather than in human-readable format.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-delete"
-Delete the specified partitions or all partitions. It is not error to
-remove non-existing partitions, so this option is possible to use together with
-large \fB\-\-nr\fR ranges without care about the current partitions set on
-the device.
-.TP
-.BR \-g , " \-\-noheadings"
-Do not print a header line with \fB\-\-show\fR or \fB\-\-raw\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-list"
-List the partitions. Note that all numbers are in 512-byte sectors.
-This output format is DEPRECATED in favour of
-.BR \-\-show .
-Do not use it in newly written scripts.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-nr " \fIM : \fIN
-Specify the range of partitions. For backward compatibility also the
-format \fIM\fB\-\fIN\fR is supported.
-The range may contain negative numbers, for example
-.B \-\-nr \-1:\-1
-means the last partition, and
-.B \-\-nr \-2:\-1
-means the last two partitions. Supported range specifications are:
-.RS 14
-.TP
-.I M
-Specifies just one partition (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 3\fR).
-.TP
-.IB M :
-Specifies the lower limit only (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 2:\fR).
-.TP
-.BI : N
-Specifies the upper limit only (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr :4\fR).
-.TP
-.IB M : N
-Specifies the lower and upper limits (e.g.\& \fB\-\-nr 2:4\fR).
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist
-Define the output columns to use for
-.BR \-\-show ,
-.B \-\-pairs
-and
-.B \-\-raw
-output. If no output arrangement is specified, then a default set is
-used. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get
-.I list
-of all supported columns. This option cannot be combined with the
-.BR \-\-add ,
-.BR \-\-delete ,
-.B \-\-update
-or
-.B \-\-list
-options.
-.TP
-.B \-\-output\-all
-Output all available columns.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-pairs"
-List the partitions using the KEY="value" format.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-raw"
-List the partitions using the raw output format.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-show"
-List the partitions.
-The output columns can be selected and rearranged with the
-\fB\-\-output\fR option.
-All numbers (except SIZE) are in 512-byte sectors.
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-type " \fItype
-Specify the partition table type.
-.TP
-.B \-\-list\-types
-List supported partition types and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-update"
-Update the specified partitions.
-.TP
-.BR \-S , " \-\-sector\-size " \fIsize
-Overwrite default sector size.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-verbose"
-Verbose mode.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.TP
-partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3
-.TQ
-partx \-\-show \-\-nr 3 /dev/sdb
-.TQ
-partx \-\-show /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb
-All three commands list partition 3 of /dev/sdb.
-.TP
-partx \-\-show \- /dev/sdb3
-Lists all subpartitions on /dev/sdb3 (the device is used as
-whole-disk).
-.TP
-partx \-o START \-g \-\-nr 5 /dev/sdb
-Prints the start sector of partition 5 on /dev/sdb without header.
-.TP
-partx \-o SECTORS,SIZE /dev/sda5 /dev/sda
-Lists the length in sectors and human-readable size of partition 5 on
-/dev/sda.
-.TP
-partx \-\-add \-\-nr 3:5 /dev/sdd
-Adds all available partitions from 3 to 5 (inclusive) on /dev/sdd.
-.TP
-partx \-d \-\-nr :\-1 /dev/sdd
-Removes the last partition on /dev/sdd.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT dave@gnu.org
-Davidlohr Bueso
-.ME
-.br
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME
-.PP
-The original version was written by
-.MT aeb@cwi.nl
-Andries E.\& Brouwer
-.ME .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR addpart (8),
-.BR delpart (8),
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The partx command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH RAW 8 "August 1999" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-raw \- bind a Linux raw character device
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B raw
-.I /dev/raw/raw<N> <major> <minor>
-.PP
-.B raw
-.I /dev/raw/raw<N> /dev/<blockdev>
-.PP
-.B raw \-q
-.I /dev/raw/raw<N>
-.PP
-.B raw \-qa
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B raw
-is used to bind a Linux raw character device to a block device. Any
-block device may be used: at the time of binding, the device driver does
-not even have to be accessible (it may be loaded on demand as a kernel
-module later).
-.PP
-.B raw
-is used in two modes: it either sets raw device bindings, or it queries
-existing bindings. When setting a raw device,
-.I /dev/raw/raw<N>
-is the device name of an existing raw device node in the filesystem.
-The block device to which it is to be bound can be specified either in
-terms of its
-.I major
-and
-.I minor
-device numbers, or as a path name
-.I /dev/<blockdev>
-to an existing block device file.
-.PP
-The bindings already in existence can be queried with the
-.B \-q
-option, which is used either with a raw device filename to query that one
-device, or with the
-.B \-a
-option to query all bound raw devices.
-.PP
-Unbinding can be done by specifying major and minor 0.
-.PP
-Once bound to a block device, a raw device can be opened, read and
-written, just like the block device it is bound to. However, the raw
-device does not behave exactly like the block device. In particular,
-access to the raw device bypasses the kernel's block buffer cache
-entirely: all I/O is done directly to and from the address space of the
-process performing the I/O. If the underlying block device driver can
-support DMA, then no data copying at all is required to complete the
-I/O.
-.PP
-Because raw I/O involves direct hardware access to a process's memory, a
-few extra restrictions must be observed. All I/Os must be correctly
-aligned in memory and on disk: they must start at a sector offset on
-disk, they must be an exact number of sectors long, and the data buffer
-in virtual memory must also be aligned to a multiple of the sector
-size. The sector size is 512 bytes for most devices.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-query\fR
-Set query mode.
-.B raw
-will query an existing binding instead of setting a new one.
-.TP
-\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
-With
-.BR \-q ,
-specify that all bound raw devices should be queried.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-
-.SH NOTES
-Rather than using raw devices applications should prefer
-.BR open (2)
-devices, such as
-.IR /dev/sda1 ,
-with the
-.B O_DIRECT
-flag.
-.SH BUGS
-The Linux
-.BR dd (1)
-command should be used without the \fBbs=\fR option, or the blocksize
-needs to be a multiple of the sector size of the device (512 bytes usually),
-otherwise it will fail with "Invalid Argument" messages (EINVAL).
-.PP
-Raw I/O devices do not maintain cache coherency with the Linux block
-device buffer cache. If you use raw I/O to overwrite data already in
-the buffer cache, the buffer cache will no longer correspond to the
-contents of the actual storage device underneath. This is deliberate,
-but is regarded as either a bug or a feature, depending on who you ask!
-.SH AUTHORS
-Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The raw command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" resizepart.8 -- man page for resizepart
-.\" Copyright 2012 Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
-.\" Copyright 2012 Red Hat, Inc.
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH RESIZEPART 8 "January 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-resizepart \- tell the kernel about the new size of a partition
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B resizepart
-.I device partition length
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B resizepart
-tells the Linux kernel about the new size of the specified partition.
-The command is a simple wrapper around the "resize partition" ioctl.
-
-This command doesn't manipulate partitions on a block device.
-
-.SH PARAMETERS
-.TP
-.I device
-The disk device.
-.TP
-.I partition
-The partition number.
-.TP
-.I length
-The new length of the partition (in 512-byte sectors).
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR addpart (8),
-.BR delpart (8),
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8),
-.BR partx (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The resizepart command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" sfdisk.8 -- man page for sfdisk
-.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.TH SFDISK 8 "June 2015" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-sfdisk \- display or manipulate a disk partition table
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B sfdisk
-[options]
-.I device
-.RB [ \-N
-.IR partition-number ]
-.sp
-.B sfdisk
-[options]
-.I command
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B sfdisk
-is a script-oriented tool for partitioning any block device. It
-runs in interactive mode if executed on a terminal (stdin refers to a terminal).
-
-Since version 2.26
-.B sfdisk
-supports MBR (DOS), GPT, SUN and SGI disk labels, but no longer provides any
-functionality for CHS (Cylinder-Head-Sector) addressing. CHS has
-never been important for Linux, and this addressing concept does not make any
-sense for new devices.
-.sp
-.B sfdisk
-protects the first disk sector when create a new disk label.
-The option \fB\-\-wipe always\fR disables this protection. Note that
-.BR fdisk (8)
-and
-.BR cfdisk (8)
-completely erase this area by default.
-.sp
-.B sfdisk
-(since version 2.26)
-.B aligns the start and end of partitions
-to block-device I/O limits when relative sizes are specified, when the default
-values are used or when multiplicative suffixes (e.g., MiB) are used for sizes.
-It is possible that partition size will be optimized (reduced or enlarged) due
-to alignment if the start offset is specified exactly in sectors and partition
-size relative or by multiplicative suffixes.
-
-The recommended way is not to specify start offsets at all and specify
-partition size in MiB, GiB (or so). In this case
-.B sfdisk
-aligns all partitions
-to block-device I/O limits (or when I/O limits are too small then to megabyte
-boundary to keep disk layout portable). If this default behaviour is unwanted
-(usually for very small partitions) then specify offsets and sizes in
-sectors. In this case
-.B sfdisk
-entirely follows specified numbers without any
-optimization.
-.sp
-.B sfdisk
-does not create the standard system partitions for SGI and SUN disk labels like
-.BR fdisk (8)
-does.
-It is necessary to explicitly create all partitions including whole-disk system
-partitions.
-
-.B sfdisk
-uses BLKRRPART (reread partition table) ioctl to make sure that the device is
-not used by system or other tools (see also \-\-no-reread). It's possible that
-this feature or another
-.B sfdisk
-activity races with \fBudevd\fR. The recommended way
-how to avoid possible collisions is to use \fB\-\-lock\fR option.
-The exclusive lock will cause udevd to skip the event handling on the device.
-.PP
-The
-.B sfdisk
-prompt is only a hint for users and a displayed partition number does
-not mean that the same partition table entry will be created (if -N not
-specified), especially for tables with gaps.
-
-.SH COMMANDS
-The commands are mutually exclusive.
-.TP
-.RB [ \-N " \fIpartition-number\fR] " \fIdevice\fR
-The default \fBsfdisk\fR command is to read the specification for the desired
-partitioning of \fIdevice\fR from standard input, and then create a partition
-table according to the specification. See below for the description of the
-input format. If standard input is a terminal, then \fBsfdisk\fR starts an
-interactive session.
-.sp
-If the option \fB\-N\fR is specified, then the changes are applied to
-the partition addressed by \fIpartition-number\fR. The unspecified fields
-of the partition are not modified.
-.sp
-Note that it's possible to address an unused partition with \fB\-N\fR.
-For example, an MBR always contains 4 partitions, but the number of used
-partitions may be smaller. In this case \fBsfdisk\fR follows the default
-values from the partition table and does not use built-in defaults for the
-unused partition given with \fB\-N\fR. See also \fB\-\-append\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-A , " \-\-activate \fIdevice " [ \fIpartition-number...]
-Switch on the bootable flag for the specified partitions and switch off the
-bootable flag on all unspecified partitions. The special placeholder '\-'
-may be used instead of the partition numbers to switch off the bootable flag
-on all partitions.
-
-The activation command is supported for MBR and PMBR only.
-If a GPT label is detected, then
-.B sfdisk
-prints warning and automatically enters PMBR.
-
-If no \fIpartition-number\fR is specified, then list the partitions with an
-enabled flag.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-delete \fIdevice " [ \fIpartition-number ...]
-Delete all or the specified partitions.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-dump " \fIdevice\fR
-Dump the partitions of a device in a format that is usable as input to \fBsfdisk\fR.
-See the section \fBBACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-g , " \-\-show\-geometry " [ \fIdevice ...]
-List the geometry of all or the specified devices. For backward
-compatibility the deprecated option \fB\-\-show\-pt\-geometry\fR have the same
-meaning as this one.
-.TP
-.BR \-J , " \-\-json " \fIdevice\fR
-Dump the partitions of a device in JSON format. Note that \fBsfdisk\fR is
-not able to use JSON as input format.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-list " [ \fIdevice ...]
-List the partitions of all or the specified devices. This command can be used
-together with \fB\-\-verify\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-F , " \-\-list-free " [ \fIdevice ...]
-List the free unpartitioned areas on all or the specified devices.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-part\-attrs \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIattributes ]
-Change the GPT partition attribute bits. If \fIattributes\fR is not specified,
-then print the current partition settings. The \fIattributes\fR argument is a
-comma- or space-delimited list of bits numbers or bit names. For example, the
-string "RequiredPartition,50,51" sets three bits. The currently supported
-attribute bits are:
-.RS
-.TP
-.BR "Bit 0 (RequiredPartition)"
-If this bit is set, the partition is required for the platform to function. The
-creator of the partition indicates that deletion or modification of the contents
-can result in loss of platform features or failure for the platform to boot or
-operate. The system cannot function normally if this partition is removed, and it
-should be considered part of the hardware of the system.
-.TP
-.BR "Bit 1 (NoBlockIOProtocol)"
-EFI firmware should ignore the content of the partition and not try to read from it.
-.TP
-.BR "Bit 2 (LegacyBIOSBootable)"
-The partition may be bootable by legacy BIOS firmware.
-.TP
-.BR "Bits 3-47"
-Undefined and must be zero. Reserved for expansion by future versions of the
-UEFI specification.
-.TP
-.BR "Bits 48-63"
-Reserved for GUID specific use. The use of these bits will vary depending on
-the partition type. For example Microsoft uses bit 60 to indicate read-only,
-61 for shadow copy of another partition, 62 for hidden partitions and 63 to
-disable automount.
-.RE
-.sp
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-part\-label \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIlabel ]
-Change the GPT partition name (label). If \fIlabel\fR is not specified,
-then print the current partition label.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-part\-type \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fItype ]
-Change the partition type. If \fItype\fR is not specified, then print the
-current partition type.
-.sp
-The \fItype\fR argument is hexadecimal for MBR,
-GUID for GPT, type alias (e.g. "linux") or type shortcut (e.g. 'L').
-For backward compatibility the options \fB\-c\fR and
-\fB\-\-id\fR have the same meaning as this one.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-part\-uuid \fIdevice partition-number " [ \fIuuid ]
-Change the GPT partition UUID. If \fIuuid\fR is not specified,
-then print the current partition UUID.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-disk\-id \fIdevice " [ \fIid ]
-Change the disk identifier. If \fIid\fR is not specified,
-then print the current identifier. The identifier is UUID for GPT
-or unsigned integer for MBR.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-reorder " \fIdevice
-Renumber the partitions, ordering them by their start offset.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-show\-size " [ \fIdevice ...]
-List the sizes of all or the specified devices in units of 1024 byte size.
-This command is DEPRECATED in favour of
-.BR blockdev (8).
-.TP
-.BR \-T , " \-\-list\-types"
-Print all supported types for the current disk label or the label specified by
-\fB\-\-label\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-verify " [ \fIdevice ...]
-Test whether the partition table and partitions seem correct.
-.TP
-.BR "\-\-relocate \fIoper " \fIdevice
-Relocate partition table header. This command is currently supported for GPT header only.
-The argument \fIoper\fP can be:
-.RS
-.TP
-.B gpt-bak-std
-Move GPT backup header to the standard location at the end of the device.
-.TP
-.B gpt-bak-mini
-Move GPT backup header behind the last partition. Note that UEFI
-standard requires the backup header at the end of the device and partitioning
-tools can automatically relocate the header to follow the standard.
-.RE
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-append"
-Don't create a new partition table, but only append the specified partitions.
-.sp
-Note that unused partition maybe be re-used in this case although it is not the
-last partition in the partition table. See also \fB\-N\fR to specify entry in
-the partition table.
-.TP
-.BR \-b , " \-\-backup"
-Back up the current partition table sectors before starting the partitioning.
-The default backup file name is \(ti/sfdisk-<device>-<offset>.bak; to use another
-name see option \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-backup\-file\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-\-color [ =\fIwhen ]
-Colorize the output. The optional argument \fIwhen\fP
-can be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. If the \fIwhen\fR argument is omitted,
-it defaults to \fBauto\fR. The colors can be disabled; for the current built-in default
-see the \fB\-\-help\fR output. See also the \fBCOLORS\fR section.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-force"
-Disable all consistency checking.
-.TP
-.B \-\-Linux
-Deprecated and ignored option. Partitioning that is compatible with
-Linux (and other modern operating systems) is the default.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lock\fR[=\fImode\fR]
-Use exclusive BSD lock for device or file it operates. The optional argument
-\fImode\fP can be \fByes\fR, \fBno\fR (or 1 and 0) or \fBnonblock\fR. If the \fImode\fR
-argument is omitted, it defaults to \fB"yes"\fR. This option overwrites
-environment variable \fB$LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE\fR. The default is not to use any
-lock at all, but it's recommended to avoid collisions with udevd or other
-tools.
-.TP
-.BR \-n , " \-\-no\-act"
-Do everything except writing to the device.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-reread
-Do not check through the re-read-partition-table ioctl whether the device is in use.
-.TP
-.B \-\-no\-tell\-kernel
-Don't tell the kernel about partition changes. This option is recommended together
-with \fB\-\-no\-reread\fR to modify a partition on used disk. The modified partition
-should not be used (e.g., mounted).
-.TP
-.BR \-O , " \-\-backup\-file " \fIpath
-Override the default backup file name. Note that the device name and offset
-are always appended to the file name.
-.TP
-.BR \-\-move-data [ =\fIpath ]
-Move data after partition relocation, for example when moving the beginning
-of a partition to another place on the disk. The size of the partition has
-to remain the same, the new and old location may overlap. This option requires
-option \fB\-N\fR in order to be processed on one specific partition only.
-
-The optional \fIpath\fR specifies log file name. The log file contains information
-about all read/write operations on the partition data. The word "@default" as
-a \fIpath\fR forces sfdisk to use \(ti/sfdisk-<devname>.move for the log. The log is
-optional since v2.35.
-
-Note that this operation is risky and not atomic. \fBDon't forget to backup your data!\fR
-
-See also \fB\-\-move\-use\-fsync\fR.
-
-In the example below, the first command creates a 100MiB free area before
-the first partition and moves the data it contains (e.g., a filesystem),
-the next command creates a new partition from the free space (at offset 2048),
-and the last command reorders partitions to match disk order
-(the original sdc1 will become sdc2).
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "echo '+100M,' | sfdisk \-\-move-data /dev/sdc \-N 1"
-.br
-.B "echo '2048,' | sfdisk /dev/sdc \-\-append"
-.br
-.B sfdisk /dev/sdc \-\-reorder
-.sp
-.RE
-
-.TP
-.B \-\-move\-use\-fsync
-Use the
-.BR fsync (2)
-system call after each write when moving data to a new location by
-\fB\-\-move\-data\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIlist
-Specify which output columns to print. Use
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns.
-.sp
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP (e.g., \fB\-o +UUID\fP).
-.TP
-.BR \-q , " \-\-quiet"
-Suppress extra info messages.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-unit S"
-Deprecated option. Only the sector unit is supported. This option is not
-supported when using the \-\-show-size command.
-.TP
-.BR \-X , " \-\-label " \fItype
-Specify the disk label type (e.g., \fBdos\fR, \fBgpt\fR, ...). If this option
-is not given, then \fBsfdisk\fR defaults to the existing label, but if there
-is no label on the device yet, then the type defaults to \fBdos\fR. The default
-or the current label may be overwritten by the "label: <name>" script header
-line. The option \fB\-\-label\fR does not force \fBsfdisk\fR to create empty
-disk label (see the \fBEMPTY DISK LABEL\fR section below).
-.TP
-.BR \-Y , " \-\-label\-nested " \fItype
-Force editing of a nested disk label. The primary disk label has to exist already.
-This option allows editing for example a hybrid/protective MBR on devices with GPT.
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-wipe "\fIwhen
-Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from the device, in order
-to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can be \fBauto\fR,
-\fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the default is
-\fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in interactive mode;
-except the old partition-table signatures which are always wiped before create
-a new partition-table if the argument \fIwhen\fR is not \fBnever\fR.
-The \fBauto\fR mode also does not wipe the first sector (boot sector), it is
-necessary to use the \fBalways\fR mode to wipe this area.
-In all cases detected signatures are reported by warning messages before a new
-partition table is created. See also the
-.BR wipefs (8)
-command.
-
-.TP
-.BR \-W , " \-\-wipe-partitions "\fIwhen
-Wipe filesystem, RAID and partition-table signatures from a newly created
-partitions, in order to avoid possible collisions. The argument \fIwhen\fR can
-be \fBauto\fR, \fBnever\fR or \fBalways\fR. When this option is not given, the
-default is \fBauto\fR, in which case signatures are wiped only when in
-interactive mode and after confirmation by user. In all cases detected
-signatures are reported by warning messages after a new partition is created.
-See also
-.BR wipefs (8)
-command.
-
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-
-.SH INPUT FORMATS
-.B sfdisk
-supports two input formats and generic header lines.
-
-.SS Header lines
-The optional header lines specify generic information that apply to the partition
-table. The header-line format is:
-.sp
-.B "<name>: <value>"
-.sp
-.RE
-The currently recognized headers are:
-.TP
-.B unit
-Specify the partitioning unit. The only supported unit is \fBsectors\fR.
-.TP
-.B label
-Specify the partition table type. For example \fBdos\fR or \fBgpt\fR.
-.TP
-.B label-id
-Specify the partition table identifier. It should be a hexadecimal number
-(with a 0x prefix) for MBR and a UUID for GPT.
-.TP
-.B first-lba
-Specify the first usable sector for GPT partitions.
-.TP
-.B last-lba
-Specify the last usable sector for GPT partitions.
-.TP
-.B table-length
-Specify the maximal number of GPT partitions.
-.TP
-.B grain
-Specify minimal size in bytes used to calculate partitions alignment. The
-default is 1MiB and it's strongly recommended to use the default. Do not
-modify this variable if you're not sure.
-.TP
-.B sector-size
-Specify sector size. This header is informative only and it is not used when
-sfdisk creates a new partition table, in this case the real device specific
-value is always used and sector size from the dump is ignored.
-.PP
-Note that it is only possible to use header lines before the first partition
-is specified in the input.
-.SS Unnamed-fields format
-\&
-.RS
-.sp
-.I start size type bootable
-.sp
-.RE
-where each line fills one partition descriptor.
-.sp
-Fields are separated by whitespace, comma or semicolon possibly
-followed by whitespace; initial and trailing whitespace is ignored.
-Numbers can be octal, decimal or hexadecimal; decimal is the default.
-When a field is absent, empty or specified as '\-' a default value is
-used. But when the \fB\-N\fR option (change a single partition) is
-given, the default for each field is its previous value.
-.sp
-The default value of
-.I start
-is the first non-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits.
-The default start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may
-be followed by the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB,
-EiB, ZiB and YiB) then the number is interpreted as offset in bytes.
-.sp
-The default value of
-.I size
-indicates "as much as possible"; i.e., until the next partition or
-end-of-device. A numerical argument is by default interpreted as a
-number of sectors, however if the size is followed by one of the
-multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB)
-then the number is interpreted as the size of the partition in bytes
-and it is then aligned according to the device I/O limits. A '+' can
-be used instead of a number to enlarge the partition as much as
-possible. Note '+' is equivalent to the default behaviour for a new
-partition; existing partitions will be resized as required.
-.sp
-The partition
-.I type
-is given in hex for MBR (DOS) where 0x prefix is optional; a GUID string for
-GPT; a shortcut or an alias. It's recommended to use two letters for MBR hex codes to
-avoid collision between deprecated shortcut 'E' and '0E' MBR hex code. For backward
-compatibility
-.B sfdisk
-tries to interpret
-.I type
-as a shortcut as a first possibility in partitioning scripts although on other places (e.g.
-\fB\-\-part-type command)\fR it tries shortcuts as the last possibility.
-
-Since v2.36 libfdisk supports partition type aliases as extension to shortcuts. The alias is a
-simple human readable word (e.g. "linux").
-
-Since v2.37 libfdisk supports partition type names on input, ignoring the case
-of the characters and all non-alphanumeric and non-digit characters in the name
-(e.g. "Linux /usr x86" is the same as "linux usr-x86").
-
-Supported shortcuts and aliases:
-.TP
-.B L - alias 'linux'
-Linux; means 83 for MBR and 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4 for GPT.
-.TP
-.B S - alias 'swap'
-swap area; means 82 for MBR and 0657FD6D-A4AB-43C4-84E5-0933C84B4F4F for GPT
-.TP
-.B Ex - alias 'extended'
-MBR extended partition; means 05 for MBR. The original shortcut 'E' is deprecated due to collision with
-0x0E MBR partition type.
-.TP
-.B H - alias 'home'
-home partition; means 933AC7E1-2EB4-4F13-B844-0E14E2AEF915 for GPT
-.TP
-.B U - alias 'uefi'
-EFI System partition, means EF for MBR and C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B for GPT
-.TP
-.B R - alias 'raid'
-Linux RAID; means FD for MBR and A19D880F-05FC-4D3B-A006-743F0F84911E for GPT
-.TP
-.B V - alias 'lvm'
-LVM; means 8E for MBR and E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 for GPT
-.PP
-The default
-.I type
-value is
-.I linux
-.sp
-The shortcut 'X' for Linux extended partition (85) is deprecated in favour of 'Ex'.
-
-.I bootable
-is specified as [\fB*\fR|\fB-\fR], with as default not-bootable. The
-value of this field is irrelevant for Linux - when Linux runs it has
-been booted already - but it might play a role for certain boot
-loaders and for other operating systems.
-.SS Named-fields format
-This format is more readable, robust, extensible and allows specifying additional
-information (e.g., a UUID). It is recommended to use this format to keep your scripts
-more readable.
-.RS
-.sp
-.RI [ "device \fB:" ] " name" [\fB= value "], ..."
-.sp
-.RE
-The
-.I device
-field is optional. \fBsfdisk\fR extracts the partition number from the
-device name. It allows specifying the partitions in random order.
-This functionality is mostly used by \fB\-\-dump\fR.
-Don't use it if you are not sure.
-
-The
-.I value
-can be between quotation marks (e.g., name="This is partition name").
-The currently supported fields are:
-.TP
-.BI start= number
-The first non-assigned sector aligned according to device I/O limits. The default
-start offset for the first partition is 1 MiB. The offset may be followed by
-the multiplicative suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB) then
-the number is interpreted as offset in bytes.
-.TP
-.BI size= number
-Specify the partition size in sectors. The number may be followed by the multiplicative
-suffixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB), then it's interpreted as size
-in bytes and the size is aligned according to device I/O limits.
-.TP
-.B bootable
-Mark the partition as bootable.
-.TP
-.BI attrs= string
-Partition attributes, usually GPT partition attribute bits. See
-\fB\-\-part\-attrs\fR for more details about the GPT-bits string format.
-.TP
-.BI uuid= string
-GPT partition UUID.
-.TP
-.BI name= string
-GPT partition name.
-.TP
-.BI type= code
-A hexadecimal number (without 0x) for an MBR partition, a GUID for a GPT partition,
-a shortcut as for unnamed-fields format or a type name (e.g. type="Linux /usr (x86)").
-See above the section about the unnamed-fields format for more details.
-For backward compatibility the \fBId=\fR field has the same meaning.
-.SH EMPTY DISK LABEL
-.B sfdisk
-does not create partition table without partitions by default. The lines with
-partitions are expected in the script by default. The empty partition table has
-to be explicitly requested by "label: <name>" script header line without any
-partitions lines. For example:
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "echo 'label: gpt' | sfdisk /dev/sdb"
-.sp
-.RE
-creates empty GPT partition table. Note that the \fB\-\-append\fR disables this feature.
-
-.SH BACKING UP THE PARTITION TABLE
-It is recommended to save the layout of your devices.
-.B sfdisk
-supports two ways.
-.sp
-Use the \fB\-\-dump\fR option to save a description of the device layout
-to a text file. The dump format is suitable for later \fBsfdisk\fR input.
-For example:
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "sfdisk \-\-dump /dev/sda > sda.dump"
-.sp
-.RE
-This can later be restored by:
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "sfdisk /dev/sda < sda.dump"
-.RE
-
-If you want to do a full (binary) backup of all sectors where the
-partition table is stored,
-then use the \fB\-\-backup\fR option. It writes the sectors to
-\(ti/sfdisk-<device>-<offset>.bak files. The default name of the backup file can
-be changed with the \fB\-\-backup\-file\fR option. The backup files
-contain only raw data from the \fIdevice\fR.
-Note that the same concept of backup files is used by
-.BR wipefs (8).
-For example:
-.RS
-.sp
-.B "sfdisk \-\-backup /dev/sda"
-.sp
-.RE
-The GPT header can later be restored by:
-.RS
-.sp
-.nf
-.B "dd if=\(ti/sfdisk-sda-0x00000200.bak of=/dev/sda \e"
-.B " seek=$((0x00000200)) bs=1 conv=notrunc"
-.fi
-.sp
-.RE
-Note that \fBsfdisk\fR since version 2.26 no longer provides the \fB\-I\fR option to
-restore sectors.
-.BR dd (1)
-provides all necessary functionality.
-
-.SH COLORS
-Implicit coloring can be disabled by an empty file \fI/etc/terminal-colors.d/sfdisk.disable\fR.
-
-See
-.BR terminal-colors.d (5)
-for more details about colorization configuration. The logical color names
-supported by
-.B sfdisk
-are:
-.TP
-.B header
-The header of the output tables.
-.TP
-.B warn
-The warning messages.
-.TP
-.B welcome
-The welcome message.
-
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP SFDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables
-.B sfdisk
-debug output.
-.IP LIBFDISK_DEBUG=all
-enables libfdisk debug output.
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.IP LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
-enables libsmartcols debug output.
-.IP LOCK_BLOCK_DEVICE=<mode>
-use exclusive BSD lock. The mode is "1" or "0". See \fB\-\-lock\fR for more details.
-
-.SH NOTES
-Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR no longer provides the \fB\-R\fR or
-\fB\-\-re\-read\fR option to force the kernel to reread the partition table.
-Use \fBblockdev \-\-rereadpt\fR instead.
-.PP
-Since version 2.26 \fBsfdisk\fR does not provide the \fB\-\-DOS\fR, \fB\-\-IBM\fR, \fB\-\-DOS\-extended\fR,
-\fB\-\-unhide\fR, \fB\-\-show\-extended\fR, \fB\-\-cylinders\fR, \fB\-\-heads\fR, \fB\-\-sectors\fR,
-\fB\-\-inside\-outer\fR, \fB\-\-not\-inside\-outer\fR options.
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.PP
-The current sfdisk implementation is based on the original sfdisk
-from Andries E. Brouwer.
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR fdisk (8),
-.BR cfdisk (8),
-.BR parted (8),
-.BR partprobe (8),
-.BR partx (8)
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The sfdisk command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 2010 Jason Borden <jborden@bluehost.com>
-.\"
-.\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License.
-.\"
-.TH SWAPLABEL 8 "April 2010" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-swaplabel \- print or change the label or UUID of a swap area
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B swaplabel
-.RB [ \-L
-.IR label ]
-.RB [ \-U
-.IR UUID ]
-.I device
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B swaplabel
-will display or change the label or UUID of a swap partition located on
-.I device
-(or regular file).
-.PP
-If the optional arguments
-.B \-L
-and
-.B \-U
-are not given,
-.B swaplabel
-will simply display the current swap-area label and UUID of
-.IR device .
-.PP
-If an optional argument is present, then
-.B swaplabel
-will change the appropriate value on
-.IR device .
-These values can also be set during swap creation using
-.BR mkswap (8).
-The
-.B swaplabel
-utility allows changing the label or UUID on an actively used swap device.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-L , " \-\-label " \fIlabel\fR
-Specify a new \fIlabel\fR for the device.
-Swap partition labels can be at most 16 characters long. If
-.I label
-is longer than 16 characters,
-.B swaplabel
-will truncate it and print a warning message.
-.TP
-.BR \-U , " \-\-uuid " \fIUUID\fR
-Specify a new \fIUUID\fR for the device.
-The \fI UUID\fR
-must be in the standard 8-4-4-4-12 character format, such as is output by
-.BR uuidgen (1).
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.IP LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
-enables libblkid debug output.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.B swaplabel
-was written by Jason Borden <jborden@bluehost.com> and Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR uuidgen (1),
-.BR mkswap (8),
-.BR swapon (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The swaplabel command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
projects / thirdparty / util-linux.git / commitdiff
