include::man-common/help-version.adoc[]
-*-v*, *--verbose*::
-Verbose output, explain to the user what is being done. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed. If specified twice, it also shows every comparison.
-
-*-q*, *--quiet*::
-Quiet mode, don't print anything.
+*-c* *--content*::
+Consider only file content, not attributes, when determining whether two files are equal. Same as *-pot*.
-*-n*, *--dry-run*::
-Do not act, just print what would happen.
+*-b*, *--io-size* _size_::
+The size of the *read*(2) or *sendfile*(2) buffer used when comparing file contents.
+The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB, MiB,
+etc. The "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB". The
+default is 8KiB for memcmp method and 1MiB for the other methods. The only
+memcmp method uses process memory for the buffer, other methods use zero-copy
+way and I/O operation is done in the kernel. The size may be altered on the fly
+to fit a number of cached content checksums.
-*-y*, *--method* _name_::
-Set the file content comparison method. The currently supported methods are
-sha256, sha1, crc32c and memcmp. The default is sha256, or memcmp if Linux
-Crypto API is not available. The methods based on checksums are implemented in
-zero-copy way, in this case file contents are not copied to the userspace and all
-calculation is done in kernel.
+*-d*, *--respect-dir*::
+Only try to link files with the same directory name. The top-level directory (as specified on the hardlink command line) is ignored. For example, *hardlink --respect-dir /foo /bar* will link /foo/some/file with /bar/some/file, but not /bar/other/file. If combined with *--respect-name*, then entire paths (except the top-level directory) are compared.
*-f*, *--respect-name*::
Only try to link files with the same (base)name. It's strongly recommended to use long options rather than *-f* which is interpreted in a different way by other *hardlink* implementations.
-*-d*, *--respect-dir*::
-Only try to link files with the same directory name. The top-level directory (as specified on the hardlink command line) is ignored. For example, *hardlink --respect-dir /foo /bar* will link /foo/some/file with /bar/some/file, but not /bar/other/file. If combined with *--respect-name*, then entire paths (except the top-level directory) are compared.
+*-i*, *--include* _regex_::
+A regular expression to include files. If the option *--exclude* has been given, this option re-includes files which would otherwise be excluded. If the option is used without *--exclude*, only files matched by the pattern are included.
-*-p*, *--ignore-mode*::
-Link and compare files even if their mode is different. Results may be slightly unpredictable.
+*-m*, *--maximize*::
+Among equal files, keep the file with the highest link count.
+
+*-M*, *--minimize*::
+Among equal files, keep the file with the lowest link count.
+
+*-n*, *--dry-run*::
+Do not act, just print what would happen.
*-o*, *--ignore-owner*::
Link and compare files even if their owner information (user and group) differs. Results may be unpredictable.
+*-O*, *--keep-oldest*::
+Among equal files, keep the oldest file (least recent modification time). By default, the newest file is kept. If *--maximize* or *--minimize* is specified, the link count has a higher precedence than the time of modification.
+
+*-p*, *--ignore-mode*::
+Link and compare files even if their mode is different. Results may be slightly unpredictable.
+
+*-q*, *--quiet*::
+Quiet mode, don't print anything.
+
+*-r*, *--cache-size* _size_::
+The size of the cache for content checksums. All non-memcmp methods calculate checksum for each
+file content block (see *--io-size*), these checksums are cached for the next comparison. The
+size is important for large files or a large sets of files of the same size. The default is
+10MiB.
+
+*-s*, *--minimum-size* _size_::
+The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not be linked. The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
+
+*-S*, *--maximum-size* _size_::
+The maximum size to consider. By default this is 0 and 0 has the special meaning of unlimited. The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
+
*-t*, *--ignore-time*::
Link and compare files even if their time of modification is different. This is usually a good choice.
-*-c* *--content*::
-Consider only file content, not attributes, when determining whether two files are equal. Same as *-pot*.
+*-v*, *--verbose*::
+Verbose output, explain to the user what is being done. If specified once, every hardlinked file is displayed. If specified twice, it also shows every comparison.
+
+*-x*, *--exclude* _regex_::
+A regular expression which excludes files from being compared and linked.
*-X*, *--respect-xattrs*::
Only try to link files with the same extended attributes.
+*-y*, *--method* _name_::
+Set the file content comparison method. The currently supported methods are
+sha256, sha1, crc32c and memcmp. The default is sha256, or memcmp if Linux
+Crypto API is not available. The methods based on checksums are implemented in
+zero-copy way, in this case file contents are not copied to the userspace and all
+calculation is done in kernel.
+
*--reflink*[=_when_]::
Create copy-on-write clones (aka reflinks) rather than hardlinks. The reflinked files
share only on-disk data, but the file mode and owner can be different. It's recommended
*--skip-reflinks*::
Ignore already cloned files. This option may be used without *--reflink* when creating classic hardlinks.
-*-m*, *--maximize*::
-Among equal files, keep the file with the highest link count.
-
-*-M*, *--minimize*::
-Among equal files, keep the file with the lowest link count.
-
-*-O*, *--keep-oldest*::
-Among equal files, keep the oldest file (least recent modification time). By default, the newest file is kept. If *--maximize* or *--minimize* is specified, the link count has a higher precedence than the time of modification.
-
-*-x*, *--exclude* _regex_::
-A regular expression which excludes files from being compared and linked.
-
-*-i*, *--include* _regex_::
-A regular expression to include files. If the option *--exclude* has been given, this option re-includes files which would otherwise be excluded. If the option is used without *--exclude*, only files matched by the pattern are included.
-
-*-s*, *--minimum-size* _size_::
-The minimum size to consider. By default this is 1, so empty files will not be linked. The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
-
-*-S*, *--maximum-size* _size_::
-The maximum size to consider. By default this is 0 and 0 has the special meaning of unlimited. The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB").
-
-*-b*, *--io-size* _size_::
-The size of the *read*(2) or *sendfile*(2) buffer used when comparing file contents.
-The _size_ argument may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes KiB, MiB,
-etc. The "iB" is optional, e.g., "K" has the same meaning as "KiB". The
-default is 8KiB for memcmp method and 1MiB for the other methods. The only
-memcmp method uses process memory for the buffer, other methods use zero-copy
-way and I/O operation is done in the kernel. The size may be altered on the fly
-to fit a number of cached content checksums.
-
-*-r*, *--cache-size* _size_::
-The size of the cache for content checksums. All non-memcmp methods calculate checksum for each
-file content block (see *--io-size*), these checksums are cached for the next comparison. The
-size is important for large files or a large sets of files of the same size. The default is
-10MiB.
== ARGUMENTS
fputs(_("Consolidate duplicate files using hardlinks.\n"), out);
fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, out);
- fputs(_(" -v, --verbose verbose output (repeat for more verbosity)\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -q, --quiet quiet mode - don't print anything\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -n, --dry-run don't actually link anything\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -y, --method <name> file content comparison method\n"), out);
-
- fputs(_(" -f, --respect-name filenames have to be identical\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -c, --content compare only file contents, same as -pot\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -b, --io-size <size> I/O buffer size for file reading\n"
+ " (speedup, using more RAM)\n"), out);
fputs(_(" -d, --respect-dir directory names have to be identical\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -p, --ignore-mode ignore changes of file mode\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -f, --respect-name filenames have to be identical\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -i, --include <regex> regular expression to include files/dirs\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -m, --maximize maximize the hardlink count, remove the file with\n"
+ " lowest hardlink count\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -M, --minimize reverse the meaning of -m\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -n, --dry-run don't actually link anything\n"), out);
fputs(_(" -o, --ignore-owner ignore owner changes\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -O, --keep-oldest keep the oldest file of multiple equal files\n"
+ " (lower precedence than minimize/maximize)\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -p, --ignore-mode ignore changes of file mode\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -q, --quiet quiet mode - don't print anything\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -r, --cache-size <size> memory limit for cached file content data\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -s, --minimum-size <size> minimum size for files.\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -S, --maximum-size <size> maximum size for files.\n"), out);
fputs(_(" -t, --ignore-time ignore timestamps (when testing for equality)\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -c, --content compare only file contents, same as -pot\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -v, --verbose verbose output (repeat for more verbosity)\n"), out);
+ fputs(_(" -x, --exclude <regex> regular expression to exclude files\n"), out);
#ifdef USE_XATTR
fputs(_(" -X, --respect-xattrs respect extended attributes\n"), out);
#endif
+ fputs(_(" -y, --method <name> file content comparison method\n"), out);
+
#ifdef USE_REFLINK
fputs(_(" --reflink[=<when>] create clone/CoW copies (auto, always, never)\n"), out);
fputs(_(" --skip-reflinks skip already cloned files (enabled on --reflink)\n"), out);
#endif
- fputs(_(" -m, --maximize maximize the hardlink count, remove the file with\n"
- " lowest hardlink count\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -M, --minimize reverse the meaning of -m\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -O, --keep-oldest keep the oldest file of multiple equal files\n"
- " (lower precedence than minimize/maximize)\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -x, --exclude <regex> regular expression to exclude files\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -i, --include <regex> regular expression to include files/dirs\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -s, --minimum-size <size> minimum size for files.\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -S, --maximum-size <size> maximum size for files.\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -b, --io-size <size> I/O buffer size for file reading\n"
- " (speedup, using more RAM)\n"), out);
- fputs(_(" -r, --cache-size <size> memory limit for cached file content data\n"), out);
-
fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, out);
printf(USAGE_HELP_OPTIONS(28));
printf(USAGE_MAN_TAIL("hardlink(1)"));