+++ /dev/null
-.\"
-.\" chfn.1 -- change your finger information
-.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
-.\"
-.\" This program is free software. You can redistribute it and
-.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
-.\" There is no warranty.
-.\"
-.TH CHFN 1 "November 2015" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-chfn \- change your finger information
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B chfn
-.RB [ \-f
-.IR full-name ]
-.RB [ \-o
-.IR office ]
-.RB [ \-p
-.IR office-phone ]
-.RB [ \-h
-.IR home-phone ]
-.RB [ \-u ]
-.RB [ \-v ]
-.RI [ username ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B chfn
-is used to change your finger information. This information is
-stored in the
-.I /etc/passwd
-file, and is displayed by the
-.B finger
-program. The Linux
-.B finger
-command will display four pieces of information that can be changed by
-.BR chfn :
-your real name, your work room and phone, and your home phone.
-.PP
-Any of the four pieces of information can be specified on the command
-line. If no information is given on the command line,
-.B chfn
-enters interactive mode.
-.PP
-In interactive mode,
-.B chfn
-will prompt for each field. At a prompt, you can enter the new information,
-or just press return to leave the field unchanged. Enter the keyword
-"none" to make the field blank.
-.PP
-.B chfn
-supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.\&) if linked with libuser,
-otherwise use \fBypchfn\fR, \fBlchfn\fR or any other implementation for
-non-local entries.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-full\-name " \fIfull-name
-Specify your real name.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-office " \fIoffice
-Specify your office room number.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-office\-phone " \fIoffice-phone
-Specify your office phone number.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-home\-phone " \fIhome-phone
-Specify your home phone number.
-.TP
-.BR \-u , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH CONFIG FILE ITEMS
-.B chfn
-reads the
-.IR /etc\:/login.defs (5)
-configuration file. Note that the configuration file could be
-distributed with another package (e.g., shadow-utils). The following
-configuration items are relevant for
-.BR chfn (1):
-.PP
-.BI CHFN_RESTRICT " string"
-.RS 4
-Indicate which fields are changeable by \fBchfn\fR.
-
-The boolean setting \fB"yes"\fR means that only the Office, Office Phone and
-Home Phone fields are changeable, and boolean setting \fB"no"\fR means that
-also the Full Name is changeable.
-
-Another way to specify changeable fields is by abbreviations: f = Full Name,
-r = Office (room), w = Office (work) Phone, h = Home Phone. For example,
-\fBCHFN_RESTRICT "wh"\fR allows changing work and home phone numbers.
-
-If CHFN_RESTRICT is undefined, then all finger information is read-only.
-This is the default.
-.RE
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-Returns 0 if operation was successful, 1 if operation failed or command syntax was not valid.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR chsh (1),
-.BR finger (1),
-.BR login.defs (5),
-.BR passwd (5)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The chfn command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\"
-.\" chsh.1 -- change your login shell
-.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
-.\"
-.\" This program is free software. You can redistribute it and
-.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
-.\" There is no warranty.
-.\"
-.TH CHSH 1 "July 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-chsh \- change your login shell
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B chsh
-.RB [ \-s
-.IR shell ]
-.RB [ \-l ]
-.RB [ \-h ]
-.RB [ \-v ]
-.RI [ username ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B chsh
-is used to change your login shell.
-If a shell is not given on the command line,
-.B chsh
-prompts for one.
-
-.B chsh
-supports non-local entries (kerberos, LDAP, etc.\&) if linked with libuser,
-otherwise use \fBypchsh\fR, \fBlchsh\fR or any other implementation for
-non-local entries.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-shell " \fIshell
-Specify your login shell.
-.TP
-.BR \-l , " \-\-list\-shells"
-Print the list of shells listed in
-.I /etc/shells
-and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-v , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH VALID SHELLS
-.B chsh
-will accept the full pathname of any executable file on the system.
-.sp
-The default behavior for non-root users is to accept only shells
-listed in the
-.I /etc/shells
-file, and issue a warning for root user. It can also be configured
-at compile-time to only issue a warning for all users.
-
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-Returns 0 if operation was successful, 1 if operation failed or command syntax was not valid.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR login (1),
-.BR login.defs (5),
-.BR passwd (5),
-.BR shells (5)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The chsh command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (C) 1998-2004 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
-.\"
-.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-.\" (at your option) any later version.
-.\"
-.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
-.\"
-.TH "LAST, LASTB" "1" "October 2013" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-last, lastb \- show a listing of last logged in users
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B last
-[options]
-.RI [ username "...] [" tty ...]
-.br
-.B lastb
-[options]
-.RI [ username "...] [" tty ...]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B last
-searches back through the
-.I /var/log/wtmp
-file (or the file designated by the
-.B \-f
-option) and displays a list of all users logged in (and out) since that
-file was created. One or more
-.IR usernames " and/or " ttys
-can be given, in which case
-.B last
-will show only the entries matching those arguments. Names of
-.I ttys
-can be abbreviated, thus
-.B last 0
-is the same as
-.BR "last tty0" .
-.PP
-When catching a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key, usually
-control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal,
-.B last
-will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the
-SIGINT signal
-.B last
-will then terminate.
-.PP
-The pseudo user
-.B reboot
-logs in each time the system is rebooted. Thus
-.B last reboot
-will show a log of all the reboots since the log file was created.
-.PP
-.B lastb
-is the same as
-.BR last ,
-except that by default it shows a log of the
-.I /var/log/btmp
-file, which contains all the bad login attempts.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-a , " \-\-hostlast"
-Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination with the
-.B \-\-dns
-option.
-.TP
-.BR \-d , " \-\-dns"
-For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote
-host, but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number
-back into a hostname.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-file " \fIfile\fR
-Tell
-.B last
-to use a specific \fIfile\fR instead of
-.IR /var/log/wtmp .
-The
-.B \-\-file
-option can be given multiple times, and all of the specified files will be
-processed.
-.TP
-.BR \-F , " \-\-fulltimes"
-Print full login and logout times and dates.
-.TP
-.BR \-i , " \-\-ip"
-Like
-.B \-\-dns ,
-but displays the host's IP number instead of the name.
-.TP
-.BI \- number
-.TQ
-.BR \-n , " -\-limit " \fInumber\fR
-Tell
-.B last
-how many lines to show.
-.TP
-.BR \-p , " \-\-present " \fItime\fR
-Display the users who were present at the specified time. This is
-like using the options
-.BR \-\-since " and " \-\-until
-together with the same \fItime\fR.
-.TP
-.BR \-R , " \-\-nohostname"
-Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-since " \fItime\fR
-Display the state of logins since the specified
-.IR time .
-This is useful, e.g., to easily determine who was logged in at a
-particular time. The option is often combined with
-.BR \-\-until .
-.TP
-.BR \-t , " \-\-until " \fItime\fR
-Display the state of logins until the specified
-.IR time .
-.TP
-.BI \-\-time\-format " format"
-Define the output timestamp
-.I format
-to be one of
-.IR notime ,
-.IR short ,
-.IR full ,
-or
-.IR iso .
-The
-.I notime
-variant will not print any timestamps at all,
-.I short
-is the default, and
-.I full
-is the same as the
-.B \-\-fulltimes
-option. The
-.I iso
-variant will display the timestamp in ISO-8601 format. The ISO format
-contains timezone information, making it preferable when printouts are
-investigated outside of the system.
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-fullnames"
-Display full user names and domain names in the output.
-.TP
-.BR \-x , " \-\-system"
-Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
-.SH TIME FORMATS
-The options that take the
-.I time
-argument understand the following formats:
-.TS
-l2 l.
-YYYYMMDDhhmmss
-YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
-YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm (seconds will be set to 00)
-YYYY-MM-DD (time will be set to 00:00:00)
-hh:mm:ss (date will be set to today)
-hh:mm (date will be set to today, seconds to 00)
-now
-yesterday (time is set to 00:00:00)
-today (time is set to 00:00:00)
-tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00)
-+5min
--5days
-.TE
-.SH FILES
-/var/log/wtmp
-.br
-/var/log/btmp
-.SH NOTES
-The files
-.I wtmp
-and
-.I btmp
-might not be found. The system only logs information in these files if
-they are present. This is a local configuration issue. If you want the
-files to be used, they can be created with a simple
-.BR touch (1)
-command (for example,
-.IR "touch /var/log/wtmp" ).
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT miquels@cistron.nl
-Miquel van Smoorenburg
-.ME
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR login (1),
-.BR wtmp (5),
-.BR init (8),
-.BR shutdown (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The last command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH LOGIN "1" "November 2020" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-login \- begin session on the system
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B login
-[
-.B \-p
-] [
-.B \-h
-.I host
-] [
-.B \-H
-] [
-.B \-f
-.I username
-|
-.I username
-]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B login
-is used when signing onto a system. If no argument is given,
-.B login
-prompts for the username.
-.PP
-The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing
-is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a number
-of password failures are permitted before
-.B login
-exits and the communications link is severed. See
-.B LOGIN_RETRIES
-in CONFIG FILE ITEMS section.
-.PP
-If password aging has been enabled for the account, the user may be prompted
-for a new password before proceeding. In such case old password must be
-provided and the new password entered before continuing. Please refer to
-.BR passwd (1)
-for more information.
-.PP
-The user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
-.I /etc/passwd
-file. There is one exception if the user ID is zero. In this case,
-only the primary group ID of the account is set. This should allow
-the system administrator to login even in case of network problems.
-The environment variable values for
-.BR $HOME ,
-.BR $USER ,
-.BR $SHELL ,
-.BR $PATH ,
-.BR $LOGNAME ,
-and
-.B $MAIL
-are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry.
-.B $PATH
-defaults to
-.I /usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/bin
-for normal users, and to
-.I /usr\:/local\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/bin
-for root, if not otherwise configured.
-.P
-The environment variable
-.B $TERM
-will be preserved, if it exists, else it will be initialized to the terminal
-type on your tty. Other environment variables are preserved if the
-.B \-p
-option is given.
-.PP
-Then the user's shell is started. If no shell is specified for the user in
-.IR /etc\:/passwd ,
-then
-.I /bin\:/sh
-is used. If there is no home directory specified in
-.IR /etc\:/passwd ,
-then
-.I /
-is used, followed by
-.I .hushlogin
-check as described below.
-.PP
-If the file
-.I .hushlogin
-exists, then a "quiet" login is performed. This disables the checking of mail
-and the printing of the last login time and message of the day. Otherwise, if
-.I /var\:/log\:/lastlog
-exists, the last login time is printed, and the current login is recorded.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.B \-p
-Used by
-.BR getty (8)
-to tell
-.B login
-to preserve the environment.
-.TP
-.B \-f
-Used to skip a login authentication. This option is usually used by the
-.BR getty (8)
-autologin feature.
-.TP
-.B \-h
-Used by other servers (such as
-.BR telnetd (8))
-to pass the name of the remote host to
-.B login
-so that it can be placed in utmp and wtmp. Only the superuser is
-allowed use this option.
-.IP
-Note that the
-.B \-h
-option has an impact on the
-.B PAM service
-.BR name .
-The standard service name is
-.IR login ,
-but with the
-.B \-h
-option, the name is
-.IR remote .
-It is necessary to create proper PAM config files (for example,
-.I /etc\:/pam.d\:/login
-and
-.IR /etc\:/pam.d\:/remote ).
-.TP
-.B \-H
-Used by other servers (for example,
-.BR telnetd (8))
-to tell
-.B login
-that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt. See also
-.B LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT
-below.
-.TP
-.B \-\-help
-Display help text and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-V ", " \-\-version
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH CONFIG FILE ITEMS
-.B login
-reads the
-.IR /etc\:/login.defs (5)
-configuration file. Note that the configuration file could be distributed with
-another package (usually shadow-utils). The following configuration items are
-relevant for
-.BR login :
-.PP
-.B MOTD_FILE
-(string)
-.RS 4
-Specifies a ":" delimited list of "message of the day" files and directories
-to be displayed upon login. If the specified path is a directory then displays
-all files with .motd file extension in version-sort order from the directory.
-.PP
-The default value is
-.IR "/usr\:/share\:/misc\:/motd:\:/run\:/motd:\:/etc\:/motd" .
-If the
-.B MOTD_FILE
-item is empty or a quiet login is enabled, then the message of the day is not
-displayed. Note that the same functionality is also provided by the
-.BR pam_motd (8)
-PAM module.
-.PP
-The directories in the
-.B MOTD_FILE
-are supported since version 2.36.
-.PP
-Note that
-.B login
-does not implement any filenames overriding behavior like pam_motd (see also
-.BR MOTD_FIRSTONLY ),
-but all content from all files is displayed. It is recommended to
-keep extra logic in content generators and use
-.I /run/motd.d
-rather than rely on overriding behavior hardcoded in system tools.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B MOTD_FIRSTONLY
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-Forces
-.B login
-to stop display content specified by
-.B MOTD_FILE
-after the first accessible item in the list. Note that a directory
-is one item in this case. This option allows
-.B login
-semantics to be configured to be more compatible with pam_motd. The
-default value is
-.IR no .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LOGIN_PLAIN_PROMPT
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-Tell
-.B login
-that printing the hostname should be suppressed in the login: prompt.
-This is an alternative to the
-.B \-H
-command line option. The default value is
-.IR no .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LOGIN_TIMEOUT
-(number)
-.RS 4
-Maximum time in seconds for login. The default value is
-.IR 60 .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LOGIN_RETRIES
-(number)
-.RS 4
-Maximum number of login retries in case of a bad password. The default
-value is
-.IR 3 .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LOGIN_KEEP_USERNAME
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-Tell
-.B login
-to only re-prompt for the password if authentication failed, but the
-username is valid. The default value is
-.IR no .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B FAIL_DELAY
-(number)
-.RS 4
-Delay in seconds before being allowed another three tries after a
-login failure. The default value is
-.IR 5 .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B TTYPERM
-(string)
-.RS 4
-The terminal permissions. The default value is
-.I 0600
-or
-.I 0620
-if tty group is used.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B TTYGROUP
-(string)
-.RS 4
-The login tty will be owned by the
-.BR TTYGROUP .
-The default value is
-.IR tty .
-If the
-.B TTYGROUP
-does not exist, then the ownership of the terminal is set to the
-user\'s primary group.
-.PP
-The
-.B TTYGROUP
-can be either the name of a group or a numeric group identifier.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B HUSHLOGIN_FILE
-(string)
-.RS 4
-If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the
-login sequence. If a full pathname (for example,
-.IR /etc\:/hushlogins )
-is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the user\'s name or
-shell are found in the file. If this global hush login file is empty
-then the hushed mode will be enabled for all users.
-.PP
-If a full pathname is not specified, then hushed mode will be enabled
-if the file exists in the user\'s home directory.
-.PP
-The default is to check
-.I /etc\:/hushlogins
-and if it does not exist then
-.I \(ti/.hushlogin
-.PP
-If the
-.B HUSHLOGIN_FILE
-item is empty, then all the checks are disabled.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B DEFAULT_HOME
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-Indicate if login is allowed if we cannot change directory to the
-home directory. If set to
-.IR yes ,
-the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is not possible
-to change directory to their home. The default value is
-.IR yes .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LASTLOG_UID_MAX
-(unsigned number)
-.RS 4
-Highest user ID number for which the
-.I lastlog
-entries should be updated. As higher user IDs are usually tracked by
-remote user identity and authentication services there is no need to
-create a huge sparse
-.I lastlog
-file for them. No LASTLOG_UID_MAX option present in the
-configuration means that there is no user ID limit for writing
-.I lastlog
-entries. The default value is
-.IR ULONG_MAX .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded.
-The default value is
-.IR no .
-.PP
-Note that logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if a
-user enters their password instead of their login name.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ENV_PATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-If set, it will be used to define the
-.B PATH
-environment variable when a regular user logs in. The default value is
-.I /usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/bin
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ENV_ROOTPATH
-(string)
-.br
-.B ENV_SUPATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the
-superuser logs in. ENV_ROOTPATH takes precedence. The default value is
-.I /usr\:/local\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/local\:/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr\:/sbin:\:/usr\:/bin
-.RE
-.SH FILES
-.nf
-.I /var/run/utmp
-.I /var/log/wtmp
-.I /var/log/lastlog
-.I /var/spool/mail/*
-.I /etc/motd
-.I /etc/passwd
-.I /etc/nologin
-.I /etc/pam.d/login
-.I /etc/pam.d/remote
-.I /etc/hushlogins
-.I $HOME/.hushlogin
-.fi
-.SH BUGS
-The undocumented BSD
-.B \-r
-option is not supported. This may be required by some
-.BR rlogind (8)
-programs.
-.PP
-A recursive login, as used to be possible in the good old days, no
-longer works; for most purposes
-.BR su (1)
-is a satisfactory substitute. Indeed, for security reasons,
-.B login
-does a
-.BR vhangup (2)
-system call to remove any possible listening processes on the tty. This is to
-avoid password sniffing. If one uses the command
-.BR login ,
-then the surrounding shell gets killed by
-.BR vhangup (2)
-because it's no longer the true owner of the tty. This can be avoided by using
-.B exec login
-in a top-level shell or xterm.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by
-.MT glad@\:daimi.\:dk
-Michael Glad
-.ME
-for HP-UX
-.br
-Ported to Linux 0.12:
-.MT poe@\:daimi.\:aau.\:dk
-Peter Orbaek
-.ME
-.br
-Rewritten to a PAM-only version by
-.MT kzak@\:redhat.\:com
-Karel Zak
-.ME
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR mail (1),
-.BR passwd (1),
-.BR passwd (5),
-.BR utmp (5),
-.BR environ (7),
-.BR getty (8),
-.BR init (8),
-.BR lastlog (8)
-.BR shutdown (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The login command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright 2014 Ondrej Oprala (ondrej.oprala@gmail.com)
-.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
-.TH LSLOGINS "1" "April 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-lslogins \- display information about known users in the system
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B lslogins
-[options]
-.RB [ \-s | \-u [ =\fIUID ]]
-.RB [ \-g " \fIgroups\fR]"
-.RB [ \-l " \fIlogins\fR]"
-.RI [ username ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-Examine the wtmp and btmp logs,
-.I /etc/shadow
-(if necessary) and
-.I /passwd
-and output the desired data.
-
-The optional argument \fIusername\fR forces
-.B lslogins
-to print all available details about the specified user only. In this case the
-output format is different than in case of \fB\-l\fR or \fB\-g\fR and unknown
-is \fIusername\fR reported as an error.
-
-.PP
-The default action is to list info about all the users in the system.
-.SH OPTIONS
-Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-.TP
-\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-acc\-expiration\fR
-Display data about the date of last password change and the account expiration
-date (see \fBshadow\fR(5) for more info). (Requires root privileges.)
-.TP
-\fB\-\-btmp\-file \fIpath\fP
-Alternate path for btmp.
-.TP
-\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-colon\-separate\fR
-Separate info about each user with a colon instead of a newline.
-.TP
-\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-export\fR
-Output data in the format of NAME=VALUE.
-.TP
-\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-failed\fR
-Display data about the users' last failed login attempts.
-.TP
-\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-supp\-groups\fR
-Show information about supplementary groups.
-.TP
-\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR=\fIgroups\fR
-Only show data of users belonging to \fIgroups\fR. More than one group
-may be specified; the list has to be comma-separated. Unknown group
-names are ignored.
-
-Note that relation between user and group may be invisible for primary group if
-the user is not explicitly specify as group member (e.g., in /etc/group). If the
-command
-.B lslogins
-scans for groups than it uses groups database only, and user
-database with primary GID is not used at all.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Display help information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-last\fR
-Display data containing information about the users' last login sessions.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-logins\fR=\fIlogins\fR
-Only show data of users with a login specified in \fIlogins\fR (user names or user
-IDS). More than one login may be specified; the list has to be comma-separated.
-Unknown login names are ignored.
-.TP
-\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-newline\fR
-Display each piece of information on a separate line.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-noheadings\fR
-Do not print a header line.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-notruncate\fR
-Don't truncate output.
-.TP
-\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output \fIlist\fP
-Specify which output columns to print.
-The default list of columns may be extended if \fIlist\fP is
-specified in the format \fI+list\fP.
-.TP
-.B \-\-output\-all
-Output all available columns.
-.B \-\-help
-to get a list of all supported columns.
-.TP
-\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-pwd\fR
-Display information related to login by password (see also \fB\-afL).
-.TP
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-raw\fR
-Raw output (no columnation).
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-system\-accs\fR
-Show system accounts. These are by default all accounts with a UID between 101 and 999
-(inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID 65534).
-This hardcoded default may be overwritten by parameters SYS_UID_MIN and SYS_UID_MAX in
-the file
-.IR /etc/login.defs .
-.TP
-\fB\-\-time\-format\fR \fItype\fP
-Display dates in short, full or iso format. The default is short, this time
-format is designed to be space efficient and human readable.
-.TP
-\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\-accs\fR
-Show user accounts. These are by default all accounts with UID above 1000
-(inclusive), with the exception of either nobody or nfsnobody (UID 65534).
-This hardcoded default maybe overwritten by parameters UID_MIN and UID_MAX in
-the file
-.IR /etc/login.defs .
-.TP
-\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-wtmp\-file \fIpath\fP
-Alternate path for wtmp.
-.TP
-\fB\-\-lastlog \fIpath\fP
-Alternate path for lastlog.
-.TP
-\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-context\fR
-Display the users' security context.
-.TP
-\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-print0\fR
-Delimit user entries with a nul character, instead of a newline.
-
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.TP
-0
-if OK,
-.TP
-1
-if incorrect arguments specified,
-.TP
-2
-if a serious error occurs (e.g., a corrupt log).
-.SH NOTES
-The default UID thresholds are read from
-.IR /etc/login.defs .
-
-.SH HISTORY
-The \fBlslogins\fP utility is inspired by the \fBlogins\fP utility, which first appeared in FreeBSD 4.10.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.MT ooprala@redhat.com
-Ondrej Oprala
-.ME
-.br
-.MT kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.ME
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-\fBgroup\fP(5), \fBpasswd\fP(5), \fBshadow\fP(5), \fButmp\fP(5)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The lslogins command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Original author unknown. This man page is in the public domain.
-.\" Modified Sat Oct 9 17:46:48 1993 by faith@cs.unc.edu
-.TH NEWGRP 1 "October 1993" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-newgrp \- log in to a new group
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B newgrp
-.RI [ group ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B newgrp
-changes the group identification of its caller, analogously to
-.BR login (1).
-The same person remains logged in, and the current directory
-is unchanged, but calculations of access permissions to files are performed
-with respect to the new group ID.
-.LP
-If no group is specified, the GID is changed to the login GID.
-.SH FILES
-.I /etc/group
-.br
-.I /etc/passwd
-
-.SH AUTHORS
-Originally by Michael Haardt. Currently maintained by
-Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
-
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR login (1),
-.BR group (5)
-
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The newgrp command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.
+++ /dev/null
-.TH NOLOGIN 8 "November 2019" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-nologin \- politely refuse a login
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B nologin
-.RB [ \-V ]
-.RB [ \-h ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B nologin
-displays a message that an account is not available and exits non-zero. It is
-intended as a replacement shell field to deny login access to an account.
-.PP
-If the file
-.IR /etc/nologin.txt exists ,
-.B nologin
-displays its contents to the
-user instead of the default message.
-.PP
-The exit status returned by
-.B nologin
-is always 1.
-.SH OPTIONS
-\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR \fIcommand\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-init-file\fR
-.br
-\fB\-i\fR \fB\-\-interactive\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-init-file\fR \fIfile\fR
-.br
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR
-.br
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-noprofile\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-norc\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-posix\fR
-.br
-\fB\-\-rcfile\fR \fIfile\fR
-.br
-\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-restricted\fR
-.IP
-These shell command-line options are ignored to avoid nologin error.
-.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR"
-Display help text and exit.
-.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR"
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH NOTES
-.B nologin
-is a per-account way to disable login (usually used for system accounts like http or ftp).
-.BR nologin (8)
-uses
-.I /etc/nologin.txt
-as an optional source for a non-default message, the login
-access is always refused independently of the file.
-.PP
-.BR pam_nologin (8)
-PAM module usually prevents all non-root users from logging into the system.
-.BR pam_nologin (8)
-functionality is controlled by
-.I /var/run/nologin
-or the
-.I /etc/nologin
-file.
-.SH HISTORY
-The
-.B nologin
-command appeared in 4.4BSD.
-.SH AUTHORS
-.UR kzak@redhat.com
-Karel Zak
-.UE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR login (1),
-.BR passwd (5),
-.BR pam_nologin (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The nologin command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH RUNUSER 1 "July 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-runuser \- run a command with substitute user and group ID
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR runuser " [options] " \-u
-.I user
-.RI "[[\-\-] " command " ["argument "...]]"
-.LP
-.BR runuser " [options] [" \- ]
-.RI [ user " [" argument "...]]"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B runuser
-can be used to run commands with a substitute user and group ID.
-If the option \fB\-u\fR is not given,
-.B runuser
-falls back to
-.BR su -compatible
-semantics and a shell is executed.
-The difference between the commands
-.B runuser
-and
-.B su
-is that
-.B runuser
-does not ask for a password (because it may be executed by the root user only) and
-it uses a different PAM configuration.
-The command
-.B runuser
-does not have to be installed with set-user-ID permissions.
-.PP
-If the PAM session is not required,
-then the recommended solution is to use the
-.BR setpriv (1)
-command.
-.PP
-When called without arguments,
-.B runuser
-defaults to running an interactive shell as
-.IR root .
-.PP
-For backward compatibility,
-.B runuser
-defaults to not changing the current directory and to setting only the
-environment variables
-.B HOME
-and
-.B SHELL
-(plus
-.B USER
-and
-.B LOGNAME
-if the target
-.I user
-is not root).
-This version of
-.B runuser
-uses PAM for session management.
-.PP
-Note that
-.B runuser
-in all cases use PAM (pam_getenvlist()) to do
-the final environment modification.
-Command-line options
-such as \fB\-\-login\fR and \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR affect
-the environment before it is modified by PAM.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-c , " \-\-command" = \fIcommand
-Pass
-.I command
-to the shell with the
-.B \-c
-option.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-fast"
-Pass
-.B \-f
-to the shell, which may or may not be useful, depending on the
-shell.
-.TP
-.BR \-g , " \-\-group" = \fIgroup
-The primary group to be used. This option is allowed for the root user only.
-.TP
-.BR \-G , " \-\-supp\-group" = \fIgroup
-Specify a supplementary group.
-This option is available to the root user only. The first specified
-supplementary group is also used as a primary group
-if the option \fB\-\-group\fR is not specified.
-.TP
-.BR \- , " \-l" , " \-\-login"
-Start the shell as a login shell with an environment similar to a real
-login:
-.RS
-.IP * 2
-clears all the environment variables except for
-.B TERM
-and variables specified by \fB\-\-whitelist\-environment\fR
-.IP *
-initializes the environment variables
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.BR USER ,
-.BR LOGNAME ,
-and
-.B PATH
-.IP *
-changes to the target user's home directory
-.IP *
-sets argv[0] of the shell to
-.RB ' \- '
-in order to make the shell a login shell
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-pty"
-Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides
-better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original
-session.
-This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and other
-security attacks against terminal file descriptors.
-The entire session can also be moved to the background
-(e.g., "runuser \-\-pty \-u username \-\- command &").
-If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then
-.B runuser
-works as a proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout).
-.IP
-This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions.
-If the standard input is not a terminal,
-but for example a pipe (e.g., echo "date" | runuser \-\-pty \-u user),
-then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-p" , " \-\-preserve\-environment"
-Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.B USER
-or
-.BR LOGNAME .
-The option is ignored if the option \fB\-\-login\fR is specified.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-shell" = \fIshell
-Run the specified \fIshell\fR instead of the default. The shell to run is
-selected according to the following rules, in order:
-.RS
-.IP * 2
-the shell specified with
-.B \-\-shell
-.IP *
-the shell specified in the environment variable
-.B SHELL
-if the
-.B \-\-preserve\-environment
-option is used
-.IP *
-the shell listed in the passwd entry of the target user
-.IP *
-/bin/sh
-.RE
-.IP
-If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in
-/etc/shells), then the
-.B \-\-shell
-option and the
-.B SHELL
-environment variables are ignored unless the calling user is root.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-session\-command= command
-Same as
-.BR \-c ,
-but do not create a new session. (Discouraged.)
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-whitelist\-environment" = \fIlist
-Don't reset the environment variables specified in the
-comma-separated \fIlist\fR when clearing the
-environment for \fB\-\-login\fR. The whitelist is ignored for the environment variables
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.BR USER ,
-.BR LOGNAME ", and"
-.BR PATH "."
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH CONFIG FILES
-.B runuser
-reads the
-.I /etc/default/runuser
-and
-.I /etc/login.defs
-configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant
-for
-.BR runuser :
-.PP
-.B ENV_PATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-Defines the PATH environment variable for a regular user. The
-default value is
-.IR /usr/local/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr/bin .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ENV_ROOTPATH
-(string)
-.br
-.B ENV_SUPATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-Defines the
-.B PATH
-environment variable for root.
-.B ENV_SUPATH
-takes precedence. The default value is
-.IR /usr/local/sbin:\:/usr/local/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr/sbin:\:/usr/bin .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ALWAYS_SET_PATH
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-If set to
-.I yes
-and \-\-login and \-\-preserve\-environment were not specified
-.B runuser
-initializes
-.BR PATH .
-.RE
-.sp
-The environment variable
-.B PATH
-may be different on systems where
-.I /bin
-and
-.I /sbin
-are merged into
-.IR /usr ;
-this variable is also affected by the \fB\-\-login\fR command-line option and
-the PAM system setting (e.g.,
-.BR pam_env (8)).
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.B runuser
-normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If the
-command was killed by a signal,
-.B runuser
-returns the number of the signal plus 128.
-.PP
-Exit status generated by
-.B runuser
-itself:
-.RS 10
-.TP
-1
-Generic error before executing the requested command
-.TP
-126
-The requested command could not be executed
-.TP
-127
-The requested command was not found
-.RE
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 17
-/etc/pam.d/runuser
-default PAM configuration file
-.TP
-/etc/pam.d/runuser-l
-PAM configuration file if \-\-login is specified
-.TP
-/etc/default/runuser
-runuser specific logindef config file
-.TP
-/etc/login.defs
-global logindef config file
-.PD 1
-.SH HISTORY
-This \fB runuser\fR command was
-derived from coreutils' \fBsu\fR, which was based on an implementation by
-David MacKenzie, and the Fedora \fBrunuser\fR command by Dan Walsh.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR setpriv (1),
-.BR su (1),
-.BR login.defs (5),
-.BR shells (5),
-.BR pam (8)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The runuser command is part of the util-linux package and is
-available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.TH SU 1 "July 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-su \- run a command with substitute user and group ID
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR su " [options] [" \- ]
-.RI [ user " [" argument ...]]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B su
-allows commands to be run with a substitute user and group ID.
-.PP
-When called with no
-.I user
-specified,
-.B su
-defaults to running an interactive shell as
-.IR root .
-When
-.I user
-is specified, additional
-.IR argument s
-can be supplied, in which case they are passed to the shell.
-.PP
-For backward compatibility,
-.B su
-defaults to not change the current directory and to only set the
-environment variables
-.B HOME
-and
-.B SHELL
-(plus
-.B USER
-and
-.B LOGNAME
-if the target
-.I user
-is not root). It is recommended to always use the
-.B \-\-login
-option (instead of its shortcut
-.BR \- )
-to avoid side effects caused by mixing environments.
-.PP
-This version of
-.B su
-uses PAM for authentication, account and session management. Some
-configuration options found in other
-.B su
-implementations, such as support for a wheel group, have to be
-configured via PAM.
-.PP
-.B su
-is mostly designed for unprivileged users, the recommended solution for
-privileged users (e.g., scripts executed by root) is to use
-non-set-user-ID command
-.BR runuser (1)
-that does not require authentication and provides separate PAM configuration. If
-the PAM session is not required at all then the recommended solution is to use
-command
-.BR setpriv (1).
-.PP
-Note that
-.B su
-in all cases uses PAM
-.RB ( pam_getenvlist (3))
-to do the final environment modification.
-Command-line options
-such as \fB\-\-login\fR and \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR affect
-the environment before it is modified by PAM.
-
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-c , " \-\-command" = \fIcommand
-Pass
-.I command
-to the shell with the
-.B \-c
-option.
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-fast"
-Pass
-.B \-f
-to the shell, which may or may not be useful, depending on the shell.
-.TP
-.BR \-g , " \-\-group" = \fIgroup
-Specify the primary group. This option is available to the root user only.
-.TP
-.BR \-G , " \-\-supp\-group" = \fIgroup
-Specify a supplementary group.
-This option is available to the root user only. The first specified
-supplementary group is also used as a primary group
-if the option \fB\-\-group\fR is not specified.
-.TP
-.BR \- , " \-l" , " \-\-login"
-Start the shell as a login shell with an environment similar to a real
-login:
-.RS 10
-.TP
-o
-clears all the environment variables except
-.B TERM
-and variables specified by \fB\-\-whitelist\-environment\fR
-.TP
-o
-initializes the environment variables
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.BR USER ,
-.BR LOGNAME ", and"
-.B PATH
-.TP
-o
-changes to the target user's home directory
-.TP
-o
-sets argv[0] of the shell to
-.RB ' \- '
-in order to make the shell a login shell
-.RE
-.TP
-.BR \-m , " \-p" , " \-\-preserve\-environment"
-Preserve the entire environment, i.e., do not set
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.B USER
-or
-.BR LOGNAME .
-This option is ignored if the option \fB\-\-login\fR is specified.
-.TP
-.BR \-P , " \-\-pty"
-Create a pseudo-terminal for the session. The independent terminal provides
-better security as the user does not share a terminal with the original
-session.
-This can be used to avoid TIOCSTI ioctl terminal injection and other
-security attacks against terminal file descriptors.
-The entire session can also be moved to the background
-(e.g., "su \-\-pty \- username \-c application &").
-If the pseudo-terminal is enabled, then
-.B su
-works as a proxy between the sessions (copy stdin and stdout).
-.IP
-This feature is mostly designed for interactive sessions.
-If the standard input is not a terminal,
-but for example a pipe (e.g., echo "date" | su \-\-pty),
-then the ECHO flag for the pseudo-terminal is disabled to avoid messy output.
-.TP
-.BR \-s , " \-\-shell" = \fIshell
-Run the specified \fIshell\fR instead of the default. The shell to run is
-selected according to the following rules, in order:
-.RS 10
-.TP
-o
-the shell specified with
-.B \-\-shell
-.TP
-o
-the shell specified in the environment variable
-.BR SHELL ,
-if the
-.B \-\-preserve\-environment
-option is used
-.TP
-o
-the shell listed in the passwd entry of the target user
-.TP
-o
-/bin/sh
-.RE
-.IP
-If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e., not listed in
-/etc/shells), the
-.B \-\-shell
-option and the
-.B SHELL
-environment variables are ignored unless the calling user is root.
-.TP
-.BI \-\-session\-command= command
-Same as
-.BR \-c ,
-but do not create a new session. (Discouraged.)
-.TP
-.BR \-w , " \-\-whitelist\-environment" = \fIlist
-Don't reset the environment variables specified in the
-comma-separated \fIlist\fR when clearing the
-environment for \fB\-\-login\fR. The whitelist is ignored for the environment variables
-.BR HOME ,
-.BR SHELL ,
-.BR USER ,
-.BR LOGNAME ", and"
-.BR PATH "."
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH SIGNALS
-Upon receiving either
-.BR SIGINT ,
-.B SIGQUIT
-or
-.BR SIGTERM ,
-.B su
-terminates its child and afterwards terminates itself with the received signal.
-The child is terminated by SIGTERM, after unsuccessful attempt and 2 seconds of
-delay the child is killed by SIGKILL.
-.SH CONFIG FILES
-.B su
-reads the
-.I /etc/default/su
-and
-.I /etc/login.defs
-configuration files. The following configuration items are relevant
-for
-.BR su:
-.PP
-.B FAIL_DELAY
-(number)
-.RS 4
-Delay in seconds in case of an authentication failure. The number must be
-a non-negative integer.
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ENV_PATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-Defines the
-.B PATH
-environment variable for a regular user. The
-default value is
-.IR /usr/local/bin:\:/bin:\:/usr/bin .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ENV_ROOTPATH
-(string)
-.br
-.B ENV_SUPATH
-(string)
-.RS 4
-Defines the PATH environment variable for root.
-.B ENV_SUPATH
-takes precedence. The default value is
-.IR /usr/local/sbin:\:/usr/local/bin:\:/sbin:\:/bin:\:/usr/sbin:\:/usr/bin .
-.RE
-.PP
-.B ALWAYS_SET_PATH
-(boolean)
-.RS 4
-If set to
-.I yes
-and \-\-login and \-\-preserve\-environment were not specified
-.B su
-initializes
-.BR PATH .
-.RE
-.sp
-The environment variable
-.B PATH
-may be different on systems where
-.I /bin
-and
-.I /sbin
-are merged into
-.IR /usr ;
-this variable is also affected by the \fB\-\-login\fR command-line option and
-the PAM system setting (e.g.,
-.BR pam_env (8)).
-.SH EXIT STATUS
-.B su
-normally returns the exit status of the command it executed. If the
-command was killed by a signal,
-.B su
-returns the number of the signal plus 128.
-.PP
-Exit status generated by
-.B su
-itself:
-.RS 10
-.TP
-1
-Generic error before executing the requested command
-.TP
-126
-The requested command could not be executed
-.TP
-127
-The requested command was not found
-.RE
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 17
-/etc/pam.d/su
-default PAM configuration file
-.TP
-/etc/pam.d/su-l
-PAM configuration file if \-\-login is specified
-.TP
-/etc/default/su
-command specific logindef config file
-.TP
-/etc/login.defs
-global logindef config file
-.PD 1
-.SH NOTES
-For security reasons,
-.B su
-always logs failed log-in attempts to the btmp file, but it does not write to
-the
-.I lastlog
-file at all. This solution can be used to control
-.B su
-behavior by PAM configuration. If you want to use the
-.BR pam_lastlog (8)
-module to
-print warning message about failed log-in attempts then
-.BR pam_lastlog (8)
-has to
-be configured to update the
-.I lastlog
-file as well. For example by:
-
-.RS
-.br
-session required pam_lastlog.so nowtmp
-.RE
-.SH HISTORY
-This \fBsu\fR command was
-derived from coreutils' \fBsu\fR, which was based on an implementation by
-David MacKenzie. The util-linux version has been refactored by Karel Zak.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR setpriv (1),
-.BR login.defs (5),
-.BR shells (5),
-.BR pam (8),
-.BR runuser (1)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The su command is part of the util-linux package and is
-available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (C) 1998-2006 Miquel van Smoorenburg.
-.\" Copyright (C) 2012 Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>
-.\"
-.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-.\" (at your option) any later version.
-.\"
-.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
-.\"
-.TH SULOGIN "8" "July 2014" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-sulogin \- single-user login
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR sulogin " [options]"
-.RI [ tty ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B sulogin
-is invoked by
-.B init
-when the system goes into single-user mode.
-.PP
-The user is prompted:
-.IP "" .5i
-Give root password for system maintenance
-.br
-(or type Control\-D for normal startup):
-.PP
-If the root account is locked and --force is specified, no password is required.
-.PP
-.B sulogin
-will be connected to the current terminal, or to the optional \fItty\fR device that
-can be specified on the command line (typically
-.IR /dev/console ).
-.PP
-When the user exits from the single-user shell, or presses control\-D at the
-prompt, the system will continue to boot.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.IP "\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-force\fP"
-If the default method of obtaining the root password from the system via
-.BR getpwnam (3)
-fails, then examine
-.I /etc/passwd
-and
-.I /etc/shadow
-to get the password. If these files are damaged or nonexistent, or when
-root account is locked by '!' or '*' at the begin of the password then
-.B sulogin
-will \fBstart a root shell without asking for a password\fP.
-.IP
-Only use the
-.B \-e
-option if you are sure the console is physically protected against
-unauthorized access.
-.IP "\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-login\-shell\fP"
-Specifying this option causes
-.B sulogin
-to start the shell process as a login shell.
-.IP "\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-timeout \fIseconds\fP"
-Specify the maximum amount of time to wait for user input. By default,
-.B sulogin
-will wait forever.
-.IP "\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fP"
-Display help text and exit.
-.IP "\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fP"
-Display version information and exit.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-.B sulogin
-looks for the environment variable
-.B SUSHELL
-or
-.B sushell
-to determine what shell to start. If the environment variable is not set, it
-will try to execute root's shell from
-.IR /etc/passwd .
-If that fails, it
-will fall back to
-.IR /bin/sh .
-.SH AUTHORS
-.B sulogin
-was written by Miquel van Smoorenburg for sysvinit and later ported
-to util-linux by Dave Reisner and Karel Zak.
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The sulogin command is part of the util-linux package and is available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (C) 2010 Michael Krapp
-.\"
-.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-.\" (at your option) any later version.
-.\"
-.\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-.\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-.\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
-.\"
-.TH UTMPDUMP 1 "July 2014" "util-linux" "User Commands"
-.SH NAME
-utmpdump \- dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR utmpdump " [options]"
-.RI [ filename ]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B utmpdump
-is a simple program to dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format, so they
-can be examined.
-.B utmpdump
-reads from stdin unless a
-.I filename
-is passed.
-.SH OPTIONS
-.TP
-.BR \-f , " \-\-follow"
-Output appended data as the file grows.
-.TP
-.BR \-o , " \-\-output " \fIfile
-Write command output to \fIfile\fR instead of standard output.
-.TP
-.BR \-r , " \-\-reverse"
-Undump, write back edited login information into the utmp or wtmp files.
-.TP
-.BR \-V , " \-\-version"
-Display version information and exit.
-.TP
-.BR \-h , " \-\-help"
-Display help text and exit.
-.SH NOTES
-.B utmpdump
-can be useful in cases of corrupted utmp or wtmp entries. It can dump
-out utmp/wtmp to an ASCII file, which can then be edited to remove
-bogus entries, and reintegrated using:
-.PP
-.RS
-.B utmpdump \-r < ascii_file > wtmp
-.RE
-.PP
-But be warned,
-.B utmpdump
-was written for debugging purposes only.
-.SS File formats
-Only the binary version of the
-.BR utmp (5)
-is standardised. Textual dumps may become incompatible in future.
-.PP
-The version 2.28 was the last one that printed text output using
-.BR ctime (3)
-timestamp format. Newer dumps use millisecond precision ISO-8601 timestamp
-format in UTC-0 timezone. Conversion from former timestamp format can be
-made to binary, although attempt to do so can lead the timestamps to drift
-amount of timezone offset.
-.SH BUGS
-You may
-.B not
-use the
-.B \-r
-option, as the format for the utmp/wtmp files strongly depends on the input
-format. This tool was
-.B not
-written for normal use, but for debugging only.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Michael Krapp
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR last (1),
-.BR w (1),
-.BR who (1),
-.BR utmp (5)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The utmpdump command is part of the util-linux package and is available
-from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
+++ /dev/null
-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
-.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)vipw.8 6.7 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
-.\"
-.TH VIPW "8" "September 2011" "util-linux" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-vipw, vigr \- edit the password or group file
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B vipw
-[options]
-.br
-.B vigr
-[options]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B vipw
-edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks,
-and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked.
-If the password file is already locked for editing by another user,
-.B vipw
-will ask you
-to try again later. The default editor for
-.B vipw
-and
-.B vigr
-is
-.BR vi (1).
-.B vigr
-edits the group file in the same manner as
-.B vipw
-does the passwd file.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-If the following environment variable exists, it will be utilized by
-.B vipw
-and
-.BR vigr :
-.TP
-.B EDITOR
-The editor specified by the string
-.B EDITOR
-will be invoked instead of the default editor
-.BR vi (1).
-.SH HISTORY
-The
-.B vipw
-command appeared in 4.0BSD.
-.br
-The
-.B vigr
-command appeared in Util-Linux 2.6.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR vi (1),
-.BR passwd (1),
-.BR flock (2),
-.BR passwd (5)
-.SH AVAILABILITY
-The vigr and vipw commands are part of the util-linux package and are available from
-.UR https://\:www.kernel.org\:/pub\:/linux\:/utils\:/util-linux/
-Linux Kernel Archive
-.UE .
projects / thirdparty / util-linux.git / commitdiff
