timer_create.2: Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

signalfd.2: Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

signalfd.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

isalpha.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mbstowcs.3: Add missing include to example program

See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172

Reported-by: Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mprotect.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mprotect.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mprotect.2: Various fixes to Eugene Syromyatnikov's text

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mprotect.2: srcfix: rewrap source lines

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mprotect.2: Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN

mmap.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

bootparam.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

close.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Tweaks after comments from Eugene Syromyatnikov

Reported-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits

There's no obvious reason to supply the numeric values
for these bit-mask constants.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Minor wording fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: srcfix: rewrap lines

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

prctl.2: Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE

Based on description provided in commit 9791554b and information in
https://dmz-portal.mips.com/wiki/MIPS_O32_ABI_-_FR0_and_FR1_Interlinking

random.7: wfix

Reported-by: Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

remainder.3: Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling

The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
has been fixed in glibc 2.15.

remainder.3: Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors

The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
was fixed in glibc 2.15.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

tgamma.3: Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error

The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
was fixed in glibc 2.19.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

inotify.7: srcfix: FIXME

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

inotify.7: Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

accept.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

accept.2: Minor wording fix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

accept.2: Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

isalpha.3: Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

toupper.3: Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

elf.5: Minor tweaks to Mike Frysinger's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

elf(5): Add subsection headers at major points

The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
with no real visual break up between logically independent
sections.  Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
read and scan.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>

ptrace.2: Tweaks to Keno Fischer's patches

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ptrace.2: Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps

In Linux 4.8 (through a series of commits, 93e35efb8de45393c
being the actual reordering on x86), the order of
PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and syscall-entry-stops was reversed.
Document both behaviors and their interaction with the
various forms of restart.

Signed-off-by: Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>

ptrace.2: Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops

Signed-off-by: Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>

random.7: wfix

Reported-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getgroups.2: FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)

This fixes commit 51c612f (... Update FTM requirements
(_DEFAULT_SOURCE))

This commit updated numerous pages for the _SVID_SOURCE and
_BSD_SOURCE deprecations and the new use of _DEFAULT_SOURCE.

However during this conversion for setgroups(2), _BSD_SOURCE got
replaced by _SVID_SOURCE under the 'Glibc 2.19 and earlier:'
heading.

Put it back to _BSD_SOURCE. This was confirmed by building under
a Glibc 2.17 system and using _SVID_SOURCE resulted in a

    warning: implicit declaration of function ‘setgroups’
           [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

message. Using _BSD_SOURCE gives a clean compile.

Signed-off-by: Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>

random.7: srcfix: tweak FIXMEs

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: Tewaks after review by Ted T'so

Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: Fixes after review by Laurent Georget

Reviewed-by: Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
Reported-by: Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: wfix

Reported-by: Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: srcfix: FIXME

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: Note that simulations don't need cryptographically secure random numbers

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: wfix

Reported-by: Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

remap_file_pages.2, statfs.2, sync.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: wfix

Further weaken any suggestion that the "random" source is
in some cases preferable.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: wfix

The word "very" here is overkill, and inclines the reader to
think that /dev/urandom is inferior.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2, random.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Add reference to new random(7) page

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: Remove material incorporated into random(7)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.7: New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness

Ccontains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
as well as new material.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}

The existing text is a little confusing, since it somewhat
suggests that getrandom() "reads" from the /dev/random and
/dev/urandom devices. Rather, it is drawing from the same
pools as those devices. Reword the text to clarify that.

Plus a few other wording improvements.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Minor wording fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2: Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors

Inspired by Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos's post at
http://nmav.gnutls.org/2016/10/random-generator-linux.html

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getrandom.2, random.4: Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness

Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
expressed about the existing text in random(4).

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Minor tweak to discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals

The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
/dev/urandom, which is true.  It also says that reads from
/dev/urandom are nonblocking.  This is at the least confusing.
If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
reflect this.

Reviewed-by: Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

udplite.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

localedef.1: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

user_namespaces.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ldconfig.8: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: wrcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

udp.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

socket.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ipv6.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ip.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

inotify.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

elf.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

dlopen.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

wait.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

send.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

perf_event_open.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

quotactl.2: tfix

random.4: Rework formatting of /proc interfaces

Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: grfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Minor wording fixes

Reviewed-by: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Minor tweaks to Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

random.4: Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom

This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
(i.e., one-time pad).  Document the fact /dev/random is only
suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
since very few applications can do so.  Smooth the alarming
language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.

Reviewed-by: Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
Signed-off-by: Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>

utime.2, utimensat.2: SEE ALSO: add touch(1)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

utmp.5: SEE ALSO: add users(1)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ttyname.3: SEE ALSO: add tty(1)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getlogin.3: SEE ALSO: add logname(1)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>