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17345e5a | 1 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 |
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2 | %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 |
3 | %%CreationDate: Wed Aug 31 10:23:59 2016 | |
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4 | %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman |
5 | %%+ font Times-Bold | |
6 | %%+ font Times-Italic | |
7 | %%+ font Courier | |
8 | %%+ font Symbol | |
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9 | %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 |
10 | %%Pages: 78 | |
17345e5a | 11 | %%PageOrder: Ascend |
ac50fbac | 12 | %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () |
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13 | %%Orientation: Portrait |
14 | %%EndComments | |
15 | %%BeginDefaults | |
16 | %%PageMedia: Default | |
17 | %%EndDefaults | |
18 | %%BeginProlog | |
a0c0a00f | 19 | %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.22 3 |
17345e5a JA |
20 | %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet |
21 | /setpacking where{ | |
22 | pop | |
23 | currentpacking | |
24 | true setpacking | |
25 | }if | |
26 | /grops 120 dict dup begin | |
27 | /SC 32 def | |
28 | /A/show load def | |
29 | /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
30 | /C{0 exch ashow}bind def | |
31 | /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
32 | /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def | |
33 | /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
34 | /G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
35 | /H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
36 | /I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def | |
37 | /J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
38 | /K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
39 | /L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
40 | /M{rmoveto show}bind def | |
41 | /N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
42 | /O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
43 | /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
44 | /Q{moveto show}bind def | |
45 | /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def | |
46 | /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def | |
47 | /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def | |
48 | /SF{ | |
49 | findfont exch | |
50 | [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont | |
51 | dup setfont | |
52 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
53 | }bind def | |
54 | /MF{ | |
55 | findfont | |
56 | [5 2 roll | |
57 | 0 3 1 roll | |
58 | neg 0 0]makefont | |
59 | dup setfont | |
60 | [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def | |
61 | }bind def | |
62 | /level0 0 def | |
63 | /RES 0 def | |
64 | /PL 0 def | |
65 | /LS 0 def | |
66 | /MANUAL{ | |
67 | statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end | |
68 | }bind def | |
69 | /PLG{ | |
70 | gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore | |
71 | exch pop add exch pop | |
72 | }bind def | |
73 | /BP{ | |
74 | /level0 save def | |
75 | 1 setlinecap | |
76 | 1 setlinejoin | |
a0c0a00f | 77 | DEFS/BPhook known{DEFS begin BPhook end}if |
17345e5a JA |
78 | 72 RES div dup scale |
79 | LS{ | |
80 | 90 rotate | |
81 | }{ | |
82 | 0 PL translate | |
83 | }ifelse | |
84 | 1 -1 scale | |
85 | }bind def | |
86 | /EP{ | |
87 | level0 restore | |
88 | showpage | |
89 | }def | |
90 | /DA{ | |
91 | newpath arcn stroke | |
92 | }bind def | |
93 | /SN{ | |
94 | transform | |
95 | .25 sub exch .25 sub exch | |
96 | round .25 add exch round .25 add exch | |
97 | itransform | |
98 | }bind def | |
99 | /DL{ | |
100 | SN | |
101 | moveto | |
102 | SN | |
103 | lineto stroke | |
104 | }bind def | |
105 | /DC{ | |
106 | newpath 0 360 arc closepath | |
107 | }bind def | |
108 | /TM matrix def | |
109 | /DE{ | |
110 | TM currentmatrix pop | |
111 | translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath | |
112 | TM setmatrix | |
113 | }bind def | |
114 | /RC/rcurveto load def | |
115 | /RL/rlineto load def | |
116 | /ST/stroke load def | |
117 | /MT/moveto load def | |
118 | /CL/closepath load def | |
119 | /Fr{ | |
120 | setrgbcolor fill | |
121 | }bind def | |
122 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
123 | pop | |
124 | /Fk{ | |
125 | setcmykcolor fill | |
126 | }bind def | |
127 | }if | |
128 | /Fg{ | |
129 | setgray fill | |
130 | }bind def | |
131 | /FL/fill load def | |
132 | /LW/setlinewidth load def | |
133 | /Cr/setrgbcolor load def | |
134 | /setcmykcolor where{ | |
135 | pop | |
136 | /Ck/setcmykcolor load def | |
137 | }if | |
138 | /Cg/setgray load def | |
139 | /RE{ | |
140 | findfont | |
141 | dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin | |
142 | { | |
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143 | 1 index/FID ne |
144 | 2 index/UniqueID ne | |
145 | and | |
146 | {def}{pop pop}ifelse | |
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147 | }forall |
148 | /Encoding exch def | |
149 | dup/FontName exch def | |
150 | currentdict end definefont pop | |
151 | }bind def | |
152 | /DEFS 0 def | |
153 | /EBEGIN{ | |
154 | moveto | |
155 | DEFS begin | |
156 | }bind def | |
157 | /EEND/end load def | |
158 | /CNT 0 def | |
159 | /level1 0 def | |
160 | /PBEGIN{ | |
161 | /level1 save def | |
162 | translate | |
163 | div 3 1 roll div exch scale | |
164 | neg exch neg exch translate | |
165 | 0 setgray | |
166 | 0 setlinecap | |
167 | 1 setlinewidth | |
168 | 0 setlinejoin | |
169 | 10 setmiterlimit | |
170 | []0 setdash | |
171 | /setstrokeadjust where{ | |
172 | pop | |
173 | false setstrokeadjust | |
174 | }if | |
175 | /setoverprint where{ | |
176 | pop | |
177 | false setoverprint | |
178 | }if | |
179 | newpath | |
180 | /CNT countdictstack def | |
181 | userdict begin | |
182 | /showpage{}def | |
183 | /setpagedevice{}def | |
a0c0a00f | 184 | mark |
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185 | }bind def |
186 | /PEND{ | |
a0c0a00f | 187 | cleartomark |
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188 | countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat |
189 | level1 restore | |
190 | }bind def | |
191 | end def | |
192 | /setpacking where{ | |
193 | pop | |
194 | setpacking | |
195 | }if | |
196 | %%EndResource | |
197 | %%EndProlog | |
198 | %%BeginSetup | |
199 | %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default | |
ac50fbac | 200 | << /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice |
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201 | %%EndFeature |
202 | %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman | |
203 | %%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold | |
204 | %%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic | |
205 | %%IncludeResource: font Courier | |
206 | %%IncludeResource: font Symbol | |
207 | grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 | |
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208 | def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron |
209 | /scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef | |
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210 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef |
211 | /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef | |
ac50fbac | 212 | /.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent |
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213 | /ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen |
214 | /period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon | |
215 | /semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O | |
216 | /P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex | |
217 | /underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y | |
218 | /z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft | |
219 | /guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl | |
220 | /endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut | |
221 | /dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash | |
222 | /quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen | |
223 | /brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft | |
224 | /logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior | |
225 | /threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior | |
226 | /ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters | |
227 | /questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE | |
228 | /Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex | |
229 | /Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis | |
230 | /multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn | |
231 | /germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla | |
232 | /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis | |
233 | /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash | |
234 | /ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def | |
235 | /Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE | |
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237 | %%EndSetup | |
238 | %%Page: 1 1 | |
239 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
240 | BP | |
241 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
242 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
243 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 | |
244 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.219(NA)72 84 S(ME).219 E F0(bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag) | |
245 | 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
246 | (bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1 | |
247 | (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q | |
248 | (yright \251 1989-2016 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E | |
249 | (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 | |
250 | .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 | |
17345e5a JA |
251 | (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 |
252 | (cutes commands read from the standard).15 F(input or from a \214le.)108 | |
253 | 194.4 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0(also incorporates useful features from the)2.5 E | |
254 | /F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.4(Ko)2.5 G(rn).4 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(C)2.5 E F0 | |
255 | (shells \()2.5 E F2(ksh)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\).)A F2(Bash)108 | |
256 | 211.2 Q F0 .527(is intended to be a conformant implementation of the Sh\ | |
257 | ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F | |
258 | (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 | |
259 | (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
260 | (OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .766(All of the single-character shell options doc\ |
261 | umented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)3.266 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
262 | 3.266 G .766(iltin command can be).2 F 1.284 | |
263 | (used as options when the shell is in)108 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
264 | 3.785(d. In).1 F(addition,)3.785 E F2(bash)3.785 E F0 1.285 | |
495aee44 | 265 | (interprets the follo)3.785 F 1.285(wing options when it is)-.25 F(in) |
ac50fbac | 266 | 108 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 292.8 Q F0 .881 |
a0c0a00f CR |
267 | (If the)158 292.8 R F2<ad63>3.381 E F0 .881(option is present, then com\ |
268 | mands are read from the \214rst non-option ar)3.381 F(gument)-.18 E F3 | |
269 | (com-)3.38 E(mand_string)158 304.8 Q F0 5.743(.I).22 G 3.243(ft)-5.743 G | |
270 | .743(here are ar)-3.243 F .743(guments after the)-.18 F F3 | |
271 | (command_string)3.243 E F0 3.243(,t).22 G .744(he \214rst ar)-3.243 F | |
272 | .744(gument is assigned)-.18 F(to)158 316.8 Q F2($0)2.919 E F0 .419 | |
273 | (and an)2.919 F 2.919(yr)-.15 G .419(emaining ar)-2.919 F .418 | |
274 | (guments are assigned to the positional parameters.)-.18 F .418 | |
275 | (The assignment)5.418 F(to)158 328.8 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0 | |
276 | (sets the name of the shell, which is used in w)2.5 E | |
277 | (arning and error messages.)-.1 E F2<ad69>108 340.8 Q F0(If the)158 | |
278 | 340.8 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option is present, the shell is)2.5 E F3(inter) | |
279 | 2.5 E(active)-.15 E F0(.).18 E F2<ad6c>108 352.8 Q F0(Mak)158 352.8 Q(e) | |
280 | -.1 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(act as if it had been in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
281 | (ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sal)-2.5 G(ogin shell \(see)-2.5 E/F4 9 | |
282 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) | |
283 | -.25 E F2<ad72>108 364.8 Q F0(If the)158 364.8 Q F2<ad72>2.5 E F0 | |
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284 | (option is present, the shell becomes)2.5 E F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(stricted) |
285 | .37 E F0(\(see)3.27 E F4(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 | |
a0c0a00f | 286 | E F2<ad73>108 376.8 Q F0 .602(If the)158 376.8 R F2<ad73>3.102 E F0 .602 |
17345e5a | 287 | (option is present, or if no ar)3.102 F .602 |
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288 | (guments remain after option processing, then commands)-.18 F .617 |
289 | (are read from the standard input.)158 388.8 R .617(This option allo) | |
290 | 5.617 F .616(ws the positional parameters to be set when)-.25 F(in)158 | |
291 | 400.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell.) | |
292 | .15 E F2<ad44>108 412.8 Q F0 3.183(Al)158 412.8 S .683 | |
293 | (ist of all double-quoted strings preceded by)-3.183 F F2($)3.184 E F0 | |
294 | .684(is printed on the standard output.)3.184 F .684(These are)5.684 F | |
17345e5a | 295 | .458(the strings that are subject to language translation when the curr\ |
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296 | ent locale is not)158 424.8 R F2(C)2.958 E F0(or)2.958 E F2(POSIX)2.958 |
297 | E F0(.)A(This implies the)158 436.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 298 | (option; no commands will be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 |
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299 | ([\255+]O [)108 448.8 Q F3(shopt_option)A F2(])A F3(shopt_option)158 |
300 | 460.8 Q F0 1.097(is one of the shell options accepted by the)3.596 F F2 | |
301 | (shopt)3.597 E F0 -.2(bu)3.597 G 1.097(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.097 | |
302 | (SHELL B)3.597 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E(COMMANDS)158 472.8 Q F0(belo) | |
303 | 3.003 E 3.253(w\). If)-.25 F F3(shopt_option)3.253 E F0 .753 | |
17345e5a | 304 | (is present,)3.253 F F2<ad4f>3.253 E F0 .753(sets the v)3.253 F .753 |
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305 | (alue of that option;)-.25 F F2(+O)3.252 E F0(unsets)3.252 E 2.624 |
306 | (it. If)158 484.8 R F3(shopt_option)2.624 E F0 .124 | |
307 | (is not supplied, the names and v)2.624 F .125 | |
308 | (alues of the shell options accepted by)-.25 F F2(shopt)2.625 E F0 .506 | |
309 | (are printed on the standard output.)158 496.8 R .505(If the in)5.505 F | |
310 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .505(cation option is).2 F F2(+O)3.005 E F0 3.005(,t)C .505 | |
17345e5a | 311 | (he output is displayed in a)-3.005 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
312 | (format that may be reused as input.)158 508.8 Q F2<adad>108 520.8 Q F0 |
313 | (A)158 520.8 Q F2<adad>3.363 E F0 .864 | |
17345e5a | 314 | (signals the end of options and disables further option processing.) |
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315 | 3.363 F(An)5.864 E 3.364(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.364 G .864(uments after) |
316 | .18 F(the)158 532.8 Q F2<adad>2.5 E F0 | |
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317 | (are treated as \214lenames and ar)2.5 E 2.5(guments. An)-.18 F(ar)2.5 E |
318 | (gument of)-.18 E F2<ad>2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
319 | .25 E F2<adad>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(Bash)108 549.6 Q F0 .304 |
320 | (also interprets a number of multi-character options.)2.804 F .303 | |
17345e5a | 321 | (These options must appear on the command line)5.303 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
322 | (before the single-character options to be recognized.)108 561.6 Q F2 |
323 | <adad646562>108 578.4 Q(ugger)-.2 E F0 .474(Arrange for the deb)144 | |
324 | 590.4 R .474(ugger pro\214le to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .475 | |
325 | (cuted before the shell starts.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.475 G .475(rns on e).45 | |
326 | F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E | |
327 | (ging mode \(see the description of the)144 602.4 Q F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug) | |
495aee44 | 328 | -.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
329 | .2 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255dump\255po\255strings)108 614.4 Q F0(Equi) |
330 | 144 626.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C | |
495aee44 CR |
331 | (ut the output is in the GNU)-2.7 E F3 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tte).1 E(xt)-.2 E F2 |
332 | (po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
333 | (\255\255dump\255strings)108 638.4 Q F0(Equi)144 650.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G |
334 | (lent to).25 E F2<ad44>2.5 E F0(.)A F2(\255\255help)108 662.4 Q F0 | |
335 | (Display a usage message on standard output and e)144 662.4 Q | |
336 | (xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2<adad696e6974ad8c6c65>108 674.4 Q F3 | |
337 | (\214le)2.5 E F2<adad72>108 686.4 Q(c\214le)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
338 | (Ex)144 698.4 Q 1.599(ecute commands from)-.15 F F3(\214le)6.009 E F0 | |
339 | 1.598(instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)4.279 F F3 | |
340 | (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) | |
341 | 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E | |
342 | (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
343 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(1)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
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344 | %%Page: 2 2 |
345 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
346 | BP | |
347 | %%EndPageSetup | |
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348 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
349 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
350 | SF(\255\255login)108 84 Q F0(Equi)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E | |
351 | F1<ad6c>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\255\255noediting)108 112.8 Q F0 | |
352 | (Do not use the GNU)144 124.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
353 | (library to read command lines when the shell is interacti)2.5 E -.15 | |
354 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(\255\255nopr)108 141.6 Q(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .017 | |
355 | (Do not read either the system-wide startup \214le)144 153.6 R/F2 10 | |
17345e5a | 356 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr)4.183 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 .017(or an)4.183 F |
a0c0a00f | 357 | 2.517(yo)-.15 G 2.517(ft)-2.517 G .018 |
ac50fbac | 358 | (he personal initialization \214les)-2.517 F F2(~/.bash_pr)144 165.6 Q |
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359 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0(,).18 E F2(~/.bash_lo)2.698 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.698(,o) |
360 | .24 G(r)-2.698 E F2(~/.pr)2.698 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 5.198(.B).18 G 2.698 | |
17345e5a JA |
361 | (yd)-5.198 G(ef)-2.698 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.698 E F0 .198 |
362 | (reads these \214les when it is in)2.698 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
a0c0a00f | 363 | 2.697(da).1 G(s)-2.697 E 2.5(al)144 177.6 S(ogin shell \(see)-2.5 E/F3 9 |
17345e5a | 364 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) |
a0c0a00f CR |
365 | -.25 E F1<adad6e6f72>108 194.4 Q(c)-.18 E F0 1.228(Do not read and e)144 |
366 | 194.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.228(cute the personal initialization \214le).15 | |
17345e5a JA |
367 | F F2(~/.bashr)3.228 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.228(if the shell is interacti)4.038 |
368 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.228(.T).15 G(his)-6.228 E(option is on by def)144 | |
ac50fbac | 369 | 206.4 Q(ault if the shell is in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 |
a0c0a00f | 370 | G(s)-2.5 E F1(sh)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\255\255posix)108 223.2 Q F0 1.783 |
ac50fbac | 371 | (Change the beha)144 235.2 R 1.782(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.282 E F0 |
17345e5a | 372 | 1.782(where the def)4.282 F 1.782(ault operation dif)-.1 F 1.782 |
a0c0a00f CR |
373 | (fers from the POSIX standard to)-.25 F .332(match the standard \()144 |
374 | 247.2 R F2 .332(posix mode)B F0 2.832(\). See)B F3 .333(SEE ALSO)2.833 F | |
375 | F0(belo)2.583 E 2.833(wf)-.25 G .333 | |
ac50fbac CR |
376 | (or a reference to a document that details)-2.833 F(ho)144 259.2 Q 2.5 |
377 | (wp)-.25 G(osix mode af)-2.5 E(fects bash')-.25 E 2.5(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.5 | |
378 | E(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1<adad72>108 276 Q(estricted)-.18 E F0 | |
379 | (The shell becomes restricted \(see)144 288 Q F3(RESTRICTED SHELL)2.5 E | |
380 | F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<adad76>108 304.8 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0(Equi) | |
a0c0a00f | 381 | 144 316.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<adad76> |
ac50fbac | 382 | 108 333.6 Q(ersion)-.1 E F0(Sho)144 345.6 Q 2.5(wv)-.25 G |
17345e5a JA |
383 | (ersion information for this instance of)-2.65 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
384 | (on the standard output and e)2.5 E(xit successfully)-.15 E(.)-.65 E/F4 | |
a0c0a00f | 385 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARGUMENTS)72 362.4 Q F0 .017(If ar)108 374.4 R |
17345e5a JA |
386 | .016(guments remain after option processing, and neither the)-.18 F F1 |
387 | <ad63>2.516 E F0 .016(nor the)2.516 F F1<ad73>2.516 E F0 .016 | |
ac50fbac | 388 | (option has been supplied, the \214rst)2.516 F(ar)108 386.4 Q .041(gume\ |
17345e5a JA |
389 | nt is assumed to be the name of a \214le containing shell commands.)-.18 |
390 | F(If)5.041 E F1(bash)2.541 E F0 .041(is in)2.541 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) | |
a0c0a00f | 391 | .2 G 2.541(di).1 G 2.541(nt)-2.541 G .042(his f)-2.541 F(ashion,)-.1 E |
ac50fbac | 392 | F1($0)108 398.4 Q F0 .936(is set to the name of the \214le, and the pos\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
393 | itional parameters are set to the remaining ar)3.436 F(guments.)-.18 E |
394 | F1(Bash)5.935 E F0 .233(reads and e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .233 | |
17345e5a | 395 | (cutes commands from this \214le, then e).15 F(xits.)-.15 E F1(Bash) |
a0c0a00f CR |
396 | 5.234 E F0 1.334 -.55('s e)D .234(xit status is the e).4 F .234 |
397 | (xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .349(mand e)108 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 | |
398 | G .349(cuted in the script.).15 F .349(If no commands are e)5.349 F -.15 | |
399 | (xe)-.15 G .349(cuted, the e).15 F .348(xit status is 0.)-.15 F .348 | |
400 | (An attempt is \214rst made to)5.348 F .253 | |
401 | (open the \214le in the current directory)108 434.4 R 2.753(,a)-.65 G | |
402 | .254 | |
17345e5a | 403 | (nd, if no \214le is found, then the shell searches the directories in) |
a0c0a00f | 404 | -2.753 F F3 -.666(PA)2.754 G(TH)-.189 E F0(for the script.)108 446.4 Q |
ac50fbac | 405 | F4(INV)72 463.2 Q(OCA)-.493 E(TION)-1.04 E F0(A)108 475.2 Q F2(lo)2.5 E |
17345e5a JA |
406 | (gin shell)-.1 E F0(is one whose \214rst character of ar)2.5 E |
407 | (gument zero is a)-.18 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ro)-2.5 G | |
408 | (ne started with the)-2.5 E F1(\255\255login)2.5 E F0(option.)2.5 E(An) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
409 | 108 492 Q F2(inter)2.734 E(active)-.15 E F0 .234 |
410 | (shell is one started without non-option ar)2.734 F .234 | |
411 | (guments \(unless)-.18 F F1<ad73>2.734 E F0 .233 | |
412 | (is speci\214ed\) and without the)2.734 F F1<ad63>2.733 E F0 .509(optio\ | |
413 | n whose standard input and error are both connected to terminals \(as d\ | |
414 | etermined by)108 504 R F2(isatty)3.01 E F0 .51(\(3\)\), or one).32 F | |
415 | .946(started with the)108 516 R F1<ad69>3.445 E F0(option.)3.445 E F3 | |
416 | (PS1)5.945 E F0 .945(is set and)3.195 F F1<24ad>3.445 E F0(includes) | |
417 | 3.445 E F1(i)3.445 E F0(if)3.445 E F1(bash)3.445 E F0 .945(is interacti) | |
418 | 3.445 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.445(,a).15 G(llo)-3.445 E .945 | |
419 | (wing a shell script or a)-.25 F(startup \214le to test this state.)108 | |
420 | 528 Q .032(The follo)108 544.8 R .032(wing paragraphs describe ho)-.25 F | |
421 | (w)-.25 E F1(bash)2.532 E F0 -.15(exe)2.532 G .032 | |
422 | (cutes its startup \214les.).15 F .032(If an)5.032 F 2.532(yo)-.15 G | |
423 | 2.532(ft)-2.532 G .032(he \214les e)-2.532 F .033(xist b)-.15 F .033 | |
424 | (ut cannot be)-.2 F(read,)108 556.8 Q F1(bash)2.6 E F0 .1 | |
425 | (reports an error)2.6 F 5.1(.T)-.55 G .1(ildes are e)-5.45 F .099 | |
426 | (xpanded in \214lenames as described belo)-.15 F 2.599(wu)-.25 G(nder) | |
427 | -2.599 E F1 -.18(Ti)2.599 G .099(lde Expansion).18 F F0(in)2.599 E(the) | |
428 | 108 568.8 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(section.)2.25 E(When)108 | |
429 | 585.6 Q F1(bash)2.895 E F0 .395(is in)2.895 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
430 | 2.895(da).1 G 2.895(sa)-2.895 G 2.895(ni)-2.895 G(nteracti)-2.895 E .695 | |
431 | -.15(ve l)-.25 H .396(ogin shell, or as a non-interacti).15 F .696 -.15 | |
432 | (ve s)-.25 H .396(hell with the).15 F F1(\255\255login)2.896 E F0 .396 | |
433 | (option, it)2.896 F 1.334(\214rst reads and e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
434 | 1.334(cutes commands from the \214le).15 F F2(/etc/pr)3.834 E(o\214le) | |
435 | -.45 E F0 3.834(,i)C 3.833(ft)-3.834 G 1.333(hat \214le e)-3.833 F 3.833 | |
436 | (xists. After)-.15 F 1.333(reading that \214le, it)3.833 F .248 | |
437 | (looks for)108 609.6 R F2(~/.bash_pr)2.748 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 | |
438 | (~/.bash_lo)2.748 E(gin)-.1 E F0 2.748(,a)C(nd)-2.748 E F2(~/.pr)2.748 E | |
439 | (o\214le)-.45 E F0 2.748(,i)C 2.749(nt)-2.748 G .249(hat order)-2.749 F | |
440 | 2.749(,a)-.4 G .249(nd reads and e)-2.749 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .249 | |
441 | (cutes commands from).15 F .797(the \214rst one that e)108 621.6 R .797 | |
17345e5a | 442 | (xists and is readable.)-.15 F(The)5.796 E F1(\255\255nopr)3.296 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
443 | (o\214le)-.18 E F0 .796(option may be used when the shell is started to) |
444 | 3.296 F(inhibit this beha)108 633.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 1.104 | |
445 | (When an interacti)108 650.4 R 1.404 -.15(ve l)-.25 H 1.104 | |
446 | (ogin shell e).15 F 1.104(xits, or a non-interacti)-.15 F 1.404 -.15 | |
447 | (ve l)-.25 H 1.104(ogin shell e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.104(cutes the).15 | |
448 | F F1(exit)3.604 E F0 -.2(bu)3.604 G 1.104(iltin command,).2 F F1(bash) | |
449 | 108 662.4 Q F0(reads and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
450 | (cutes commands from the \214le).15 E F2(~/.bash_lo)2.5 E(gout)-.1 E F0 | |
451 | 2.5(,i)C 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(te)-2.5 G(xists.)-2.65 E 1.698 | |
452 | (When an interacti)108 679.2 R 1.998 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.698 | |
453 | (hell that is not a login shell is started,).15 F F1(bash)4.197 E F0 | |
454 | 1.697(reads and e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.697(cutes commands from).15 F | |
455 | F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 | |
456 | (hat \214le e)-2.535 F 2.535(xists. This)-.15 F .036 | |
17345e5a JA |
457 | (may be inhibited by using the)2.535 F F1<adad6e6f72>2.536 E(c)-.18 E F0 |
458 | 2.536(option. The)2.536 F F1<adad72>2.536 E(c\214le)-.18 E F2(\214le) | |
a0c0a00f | 459 | 2.536 E F0 .036(option will)2.536 F(force)108 703.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
17345e5a | 460 | (to read and e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute commands from).15 E F2(\214le) |
a0c0a00f | 461 | 2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F2(~/.bashr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(.)A(When)108 720 |
ac50fbac CR |
462 | Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 |
463 | G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 | |
17345e5a | 464 | (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
465 | F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(2) |
466 | 197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
467 | %%Page: 3 3 |
468 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
469 | BP | |
470 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
471 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
472 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
473 | SF -.27(BA)108 84 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en)3.26 F 1.01 | |
474 | (vironment, e)-.4 F 1.01(xpands its v)-.15 F 1.01 | |
475 | (alue if it appears there, and uses the e)-.25 F 1.011(xpanded v)-.15 F | |
476 | 1.011(alue as the)-.25 F(name of a \214le to read and e)108 96 Q -.15 | |
477 | (xe)-.15 G(cute.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5 E F0(beha)2.5 E -.15 | |
478 | (ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E | |
479 | (wing command were e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted:).15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 | |
480 | SF(if [ \255n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi)144 114 Q F0 -.2(bu) | |
481 | 108 132 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1 -.666(PA)2.5 G | |
482 | (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G | |
483 | (riable is not used to search for the \214lename.).25 E(If)108 148.8 Q | |
484 | F2(bash)3.417 E F0 .917(is in)3.417 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.417(dw) | |
485 | .1 G .917(ith the name)-3.417 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0 3.417(,i)C 3.417(tt) | |
ac50fbac | 486 | -3.417 G .917(ries to mimic the startup beha)-3.417 F .917 |
a0c0a00f | 487 | (vior of historical v)-.2 F .917(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.417 E F0(as) |
ac50fbac | 488 | 3.417 E .145 |
17345e5a | 489 | (closely as possible, while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.) |
a0c0a00f | 490 | 108 160.8 R .145(When in)5.145 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.645(da).1 G |
17345e5a | 491 | 2.645(sa)-2.645 G 2.645(ni)-2.645 G(nteracti)-2.645 E .445 -.15(ve l) |
a0c0a00f CR |
492 | -.25 H(ogin).15 E 1.264(shell, or a non-interacti)108 172.8 R 1.564 -.15 |
493 | (ve s)-.25 H 1.264(hell with the).15 F F2(\255\255login)3.764 E F0 1.264 | |
17345e5a | 494 | (option, it \214rst attempts to read and e)3.764 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.263 |
a0c0a00f | 495 | (cute commands).15 F(from)108 184.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/pr) |
ac50fbac | 496 | 4.142 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0(and)3.172 E F4(~/.pr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.45 E F0 |
17345e5a | 497 | 2.992(,i).18 G 2.992(nt)-2.992 G .492(hat order)-2.992 F 5.492(.T)-.55 G |
a0c0a00f | 498 | (he)-5.492 E F2(\255\255nopr)2.992 E(o\214le)-.18 E F0 .493 |
17345e5a | 499 | (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.993 F(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E |
a0c0a00f | 500 | .418(When in)108 196.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.918(da).1 G 2.918 |
ac50fbac | 501 | (sa)-2.918 G 2.918(ni)-2.918 G(nteracti)-2.918 E .718 -.15(ve s)-.25 H |
a0c0a00f CR |
502 | .418(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.918 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.918 E F0 |
503 | .418(looks for the v)2.918 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(ENV)2.918 E/F5 9 | |
ac50fbac | 504 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.15(ex)2.667 G .417(pands its v).15 F(alue) |
a0c0a00f | 505 | -.25 E .171(if it is de\214ned, and uses the e)108 208.8 R .171 |
17345e5a JA |
506 | (xpanded v)-.15 F .171(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F |
507 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.671(cute. Since).15 F 2.671(as)2.671 G .171(hell in) | |
a0c0a00f | 508 | -2.671 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(as)108 220.8 Q F2(sh)3.081 E F0 |
17345e5a JA |
509 | .581(does not attempt to read and e)3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581 |
510 | (cute commands from an).15 F 3.08(yo)-.15 G .58 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
511 | (ther startup \214les, the)-3.08 F F2<adad72>3.08 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 |
512 | .58(option has)3.08 F .182(no ef)108 232.8 R 2.682(fect. A)-.25 F | |
17345e5a | 513 | (non-interacti)2.682 E .482 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .182(hell in).15 F -.2(vo) |
a0c0a00f | 514 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.682(dw).1 G .182(ith the name)-2.682 F F2(sh)2.682 E |
17345e5a | 515 | F0 .182(does not attempt to read an)2.682 F 2.683(yo)-.15 G .183 |
a0c0a00f CR |
516 | (ther startup \214les.)-2.683 F(When in)108 244.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) |
517 | .2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F0(enters)2.5 | |
ac50fbac | 518 | E F4(posix)3.75 E F0(mode after the startup \214les are read.)3.03 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
519 | (When)108 261.6 Q F2(bash)2.727 E F0 .226(is started in)2.727 F F4 |
520 | (posix)3.976 E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F2(\255\255posix)2.726 | |
ac50fbac | 521 | E F0 .226(command line option, it follo)2.726 F .226(ws the POSIX stan-) |
a0c0a00f | 522 | -.25 F .341(dard for startup \214les.)108 273.6 R .341 |
ac50fbac | 523 | (In this mode, interacti)5.341 F .641 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .341(hells e).15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
524 | F .341(xpand the)-.15 F F1(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342 |
525 | (riable and commands are read and).25 F -.15(exe)108 285.6 S | |
ac50fbac | 526 | (cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5 |
a0c0a00f | 527 | (alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 |
ac50fbac CR |
528 | Q F0 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard \ |
529 | input connected to a netw)2.724 F .223(ork connection,)-.1 F .025 | |
a0c0a00f | 530 | (as when e)108 314.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .025 |
ac50fbac | 531 | (cuted by the remote shell daemon, usually).15 F F4 -.1(rs)2.525 G(hd).1 |
495aee44 | 532 | E F0 2.525(,o)C 2.525(rt)-2.525 G .025(he secure shell daemon)-2.525 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
533 | F4(sshd)2.525 E F0 5.025(.I)C(f)-5.025 E F2(bash)2.525 E F0(deter)2.525 |
534 | E(-)-.2 E .134(mines it is being run in this f)108 326.4 R .134 | |
495aee44 | 535 | (ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .133(cutes commands from) |
ac50fbac | 536 | .15 F F4(~/.bashr)2.633 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.633(,i)C 2.633(ft)-2.633 G .133 |
495aee44 | 537 | (hat \214le e)-2.633 F .133(xists and is)-.15 F 2.869(readable. It)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
538 | 338.4 R .369(will not do this if in)2.869 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G |
539 | 2.869(da).1 G(s)-2.869 E F2(sh)2.869 E F0 5.369(.T)C(he)-5.369 E F2 | |
495aee44 CR |
540 | <adad6e6f72>2.869 E(c)-.18 E F0 .369 |
541 | (option may be used to inhibit this beha)2.869 F(vior)-.2 E 2.869(,a)-.4 | |
a0c0a00f | 542 | G(nd)-2.869 E(the)108 350.4 Q F2<adad72>2.919 E(c\214le)-.18 E F0 .419 |
ac50fbac CR |
543 | (option may be used to force another \214le to be read, b)2.919 F .419 |
544 | (ut neither)-.2 F F4 -.1(rs)2.919 G(hd).1 E F0(nor)2.919 E F4(sshd)2.919 | |
545 | E F0 .418(generally in)2.919 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
a0c0a00f | 546 | (the shell with those options or allo)108 362.4 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G |
17345e5a | 547 | (hem to be speci\214ed.)-2.5 E 1.207 |
a0c0a00f | 548 | (If the shell is started with the ef)108 379.2 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.507 -.15 |
17345e5a JA |
549 | (ve u)-.25 H 1.208 |
550 | (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
551 | F2<ad70>3.708 E F0 .536(option is not supplied, no startup \214les are \ |
552 | read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108 391.2 R .535 | |
553 | (vironment, the)-.4 F F1(SHELLOPTS)108 403.2 Q F5(,)A F1 -.27(BA)2.959 G | |
554 | (SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F1(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F5(,)A F0 | |
555 | (and)2.959 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F0 -.25(va)2.959 G .709 | |
0001803f | 556 | (riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F .71 |
a0c0a00f | 557 | (vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 415.2 R(fecti)-.25 E |
0001803f | 558 | 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
559 | .904(If the)5.904 F F2<ad70>3.404 E F0 .904(option is supplied at in) |
560 | 3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 427.2 Q | |
0001803f | 561 | (vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u) |
ac50fbac | 562 | -.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS) |
a0c0a00f | 563 | 72 444 Q F0(The follo)108 456 Q |
17345e5a | 564 | (wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
565 | E F2(blank)108 468 Q F0 2.5(As)144 468 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F2 |
566 | -.1(wo)108 480 S(rd).1 E F0 2.5(As)144 480 S | |
17345e5a | 567 | (equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
568 | (Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(.)A F2(name)108 |
569 | 492 Q F0(A)144 492 Q F4(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F0 .165 | |
17345e5a JA |
570 | (consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be) |
571 | 3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
572 | (betic character or an underscore.)144 504 Q(Also referred to as an)5 E |
573 | F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 516 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 | |
574 | 528 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1 | |
575 | F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 540 S 2.5 | |
576 | (pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 552 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 564 Q | |
577 | F4(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E | |
578 | (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5 | |
579 | (|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 576 R(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 | |
580 | 592.8 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F4 .307(Reserved wor)108 604.8 R(ds) | |
581 | -.37 E F0 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s) | |
582 | -.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F | |
583 | .306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 616.8 Q | |
584 | .227(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .227 | |
585 | (ord of a simple command \(see)-.1 F F1 .227(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.727 F F0 | |
586 | (belo)2.477 E .227(w\) or)-.25 F(the third w)108 628.8 Q(ord of a)-.1 E | |
587 | F2(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G(r).25 E F0(command:)2.5 E F2 | |
588 | 11.295(!c)144 645.6 S 8.795(ase copr)-11.295 F 8.795 | |
ac50fbac CR |
589 | (oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795 |
590 | (or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
591 | 657.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 674.4 Q F2(Simple Commands)87 686.4 Q F0(A) |
592 | 108 698.4 Q F4 .388(simple command)2.888 F F0 .388 | |
ac50fbac | 593 | (is a sequence of optional v)2.888 F .389(ariable assignments follo)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
594 | F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 |
595 | (ords and)-.1 F .816(redirections, and terminated by a)108 710.4 R F4 | |
ac50fbac CR |
596 | (contr)3.316 E .815(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 5.815(.T)C .815 |
597 | (he \214rst w)-5.815 F .815(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F | |
a0c0a00f | 598 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q |
ac50fbac CR |
599 | (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E |
600 | (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
601 | -2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(3)197.055 E 0 Cg |
602 | EP | |
17345e5a JA |
603 | %%Page: 4 4 |
604 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
605 | BP | |
606 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
607 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
608 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The return v)108 | |
609 | 84 Q(alue of a)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(simple command)2.5 E F0 | |
610 | (is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+)-.15 E F1(n)A F0 | |
611 | (if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E/F2 | |
612 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pipelines)87 100.8 Q F0(A)108 112.8 Q F1(pipeline) | |
613 | 2.996 E F0 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \ | |
614 | of the control operators)2.996 F F2(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F2(|&)2.996 | |
615 | E F0 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 124.8 Q([)144 | |
616 | 141.6 Q F2(time)A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F0(]] [ ! ])A F1(command)2.5 E F0 | |
617 | 2.5([[)2.5 G F2(|)-2.5 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F2(|&)A F0(])A F1 | |
618 | (command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .244(The standard output of)108 158.4 R | |
619 | F1(command)2.944 E F0 .243 | |
620 | (is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.514 F F1(command2) | |
621 | 2.743 E F0 5.243(.T).02 G .243(his connec-)-5.243 F .642 | |
622 | (tion is performed before an)108 170.4 R 3.142(yr)-.15 G .642 | |
623 | (edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-3.142 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
624 | SF(REDIRECTION)3.143 E F0(belo)2.893 E 3.143(w\). If)-.25 F F2(|&)3.143 | |
625 | E F0(is)3.143 E(used,)108 182.4 Q F1(command)3.648 E F0 2.248 -.55('s s) | |
ac50fbac | 626 | D 1.147(tandard error).55 F 3.647(,i)-.4 G 3.647(na)-3.647 G 1.147 |
a0c0a00f CR |
627 | (ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-3.647 F F1(command2) |
628 | 3.647 E F0 2.247 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028 | |
629 | (input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 194.4 R F2 .028(2>&1 |) | |
ac50fbac CR |
630 | 2.528 F F0 5.028(.T)C .028 |
631 | (his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F | |
a0c0a00f | 632 | (dard output is performed after an)108 206.4 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G |
ac50fbac | 633 | (edirections speci\214ed by the command.)-2.5 E .48 |
a0c0a00f CR |
634 | (The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 223.2 R .48 |
635 | (xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F2(pipefail)2.98 E F0 | |
636 | .48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 235.2 Q F2(pipefail)2.686 E F0 .186 | |
637 | (is enabled, the pipeline')2.686 F 2.686(sr)-.55 G .186 | |
638 | (eturn status is the v)-2.686 F .187 | |
639 | (alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .187(xit with a)-.15 | |
640 | F .611(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 247.2 R .611 | |
641 | (xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .61 | |
642 | (he reserv)-3.111 F .61(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2(!)3.11 E F0 .61 | |
643 | (precedes a pipeline, the)5.61 F -.15(ex)108 259.2 S .55 | |
17345e5a JA |
644 | (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 |
645 | (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
646 | G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F | |
647 | (all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 648 | 271.2 Q(alue.)-.25 E .299(If the)108 288 R F2(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) |
17345e5a | 649 | 2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
650 | ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 300 S |
651 | .139(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E | |
652 | F2<ad70>2.639 E F0 .14(option changes the output format to that spec-) | |
653 | 2.639 F .303(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 312 R .303(When the shell is in)5.303 | |
654 | F F1 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F0 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303 | |
655 | (oes not recognize)-2.803 F F2(time)2.803 E F0 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F | |
656 | .303(ed w)-.15 F .302(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 324 Q .735 | |
495aee44 CR |
657 | (en be)-.1 F .736(gins with a `-'.)-.15 F(The)5.736 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.236 |
658 | E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.986 G .736 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
659 | (riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.236 |
660 | (wt)-.25 G(he)-3.236 E 2.226 | |
661 | (timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108 336 | |
662 | R F4(TIMEFORMA)4.725 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)4.475 E F2 2.225(Shell V)4.725 | |
663 | F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 348 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 | |
664 | (When the shell is in)108 364.8 R F1 .85(posix mode)3.35 F F0(,)A F2 | |
665 | (time)3.35 E F0 .85(may be follo)3.35 F .85(wed by a ne)-.25 F 3.35 | |
666 | (wline. In)-.25 F .85(this case, the shell displays the)3.35 F 1.074 | |
495aee44 | 667 | (total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
668 | 376.8 R(The)6.073 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.573 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.323 G |
669 | 1.073(riable may be).25 F | |
670 | (used to specify the format of the time information.)108 388.8 Q | |
671 | (Each command in a pipeline is e)108 405.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
672 | (cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F2(Lists)87 | |
673 | 422.4 Q F0(A)108 434.4 Q F1(list)2.849 E F0 .349(is a sequence of one o\ | |
674 | r more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F F2(;)2.85 E | |
675 | F0(,)A F2(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F2(&&)2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85 E F2(||)2.85 | |
676 | E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F(ally terminated by one of)108 | |
677 | 446.4 Q F2(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(<newline>) | |
678 | 2.5 E F0(.)A .961(Of these list operators,)108 463.2 R F2(&&)3.461 E F0 | |
679 | (and)3.461 E F2(||)3.461 E F0(ha)3.461 E 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961 | |
680 | (qual precedence, follo).15 F .96(wed by)-.25 F F2(;)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 | |
681 | E F2(&)3.46 E F0 3.46(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96 | |
682 | (qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 475.2 Q 2.5(As)108 492 S | |
683 | (equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F1(list) | |
684 | 2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 | |
685 | (If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 508.8 R F2(&) | |
686 | 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 | |
687 | (cutes the command in the).15 F F1(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 | |
688 | (in)2.529 E 2.876(as)108 520.8 S 2.876(ubshell. The)-2.876 F .376 | |
689 | (shell does not w)2.876 F .375 | |
690 | (ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .375 | |
691 | (Commands sepa-)5.375 F .848(rated by a)108 532.8 R F2(;)3.348 E F0 .848 | |
692 | (are e)3.348 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F | |
693 | .849(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .849(The return) | |
694 | 5.849 F(status is the e)108 544.8 Q(xit status of the last command e) | |
695 | -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences \ | |
696 | of one or more pipelines separated by the)108 561.6 R F2(&&)3.436 E F0 | |
697 | (and)3.436 E F2(||)3.436 E F0 .936(control operators,)3.436 F(respecti) | |
698 | 108 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 | |
699 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G | |
700 | 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F1(command1)144 590.4 Q F2(&&) | |
701 | 2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 607.2 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) | |
702 | -.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F1(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e) | |
703 | 2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 624 Q F1 | |
704 | (command1)144 640.8 Q F2(||)2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 657.6 | |
705 | Q F0 .728(is e)3.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F1 | |
495aee44 | 706 | (command1)3.429 E F0 .729(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
707 | -.15 F .729(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 |
708 | 669.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
709 | (cuted in the list.).15 E F2(Compound Commands)87 686.4 Q F0(A)108 698.4 | |
710 | Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054(is one of the follo)3.554 F | |
711 | 3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a)3.553 F F1(list)3.553 E F0 | |
712 | 1.053(in a command')3.553 F 3.553(sd)-.55 G 1.053(escription may be) | |
713 | -3.553 F 1.026(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) | |
714 | 108 710.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 | |
715 | F 1.027(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) | |
716 | 72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(4)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
717 | %%Page: 5 5 |
718 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
719 | BP | |
720 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
721 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
722 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(\()108 84 Q/F1 10 | |
723 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)144 84 Q F0 .011(is e)2.512 F | |
724 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) | |
725 | -.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT) | |
726 | -.27 E F0(belo)2.261 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 96 S 1.063 | |
727 | (riable assignments and b)1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F | |
728 | 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064 | |
729 | (ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 108 Q | |
ac50fbac CR |
730 | (fect after the command completes.)-.25 E(The return status is the e)5 E |
731 | (xit status of)-.15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
732 | F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)144 124.8 Q F0 .402(is simply e)2.902 F -.15(xe)-.15 |
733 | G .401(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list) | |
734 | 5.401 E F0 .401(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .401(wline or)-.25 | |
735 | F 3.214(semicolon. This)144 136.8 R .714(is kno)3.214 F .714(wn as a) | |
736 | -.25 F F1(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 | |
737 | (he return status is the e)-5.715 F .715(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) | |
738 | 3.215 E F0 5.715(.N)C(ote)-5.715 E .22(that unlik)144 148.8 R 2.72(et) | |
739 | -.1 G .22(he metacharacters)-2.72 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()2.72 E F0 | |
740 | (and)2.72 E F3(\))2.72 E F0(,)A F3({)2.72 E F0(and)2.72 E F3(})2.719 E | |
741 | F0(are)2.719 E F1 -.37(re)2.719 G .219(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 | |
742 | .219(and must occur where a reserv)2.719 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 160.8 S | |
743 | .256(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .256(Since the)5.256 F 2.756 | |
744 | (yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.756 G .257(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .257 | |
745 | (ord break, the)-.1 F 2.757(ym)-.15 G .257(ust be separated)-2.757 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
746 | (from)144 172.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 |
747 | (by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(\(\()108 | |
748 | 189.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 201.6 Q F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
749 | -.2(ex)2.552 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .052(is e)2.552 F -.25(va)-.25 G |
750 | .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 2.551(wu)-.25 G | |
751 | (nder)-2.551 E F2 .051(ARITHMETIC EV)2.551 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E | |
752 | (TION)144 213.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v)4.91 F .411 | |
753 | (alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the return status is \ | |
754 | 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 225.6 Q(This is e)5 E | |
755 | (xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2 | |
ac50fbac | 756 | (ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(")A F0(.)A F3([[)108 242.4 Q F1 -.2(ex) |
a0c0a00f | 757 | 2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(]])2.5 E F0 1.3 |
ac50fbac | 758 | (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 254.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
759 | 1.299(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex) |
760 | 3.799 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.273 | |
ac50fbac | 761 | (Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 266.4 R |
a0c0a00f CR |
762 | 4.774(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.774 E F2(CONDITION)4.774 E 2.274(AL EXPRES-)-.18 |
763 | F(SIONS)144 278.4 Q F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.633 G 1.133 | |
495aee44 | 764 | (rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 |
17345e5a | 765 | (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
766 | F3([[)3.632 E F0(and)144 290.4 Q F3(]])2.963 E F0 2.963(;t)C .463 |
767 | (ilde e)-2.963 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) | |
768 | -.25 F .464(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .464 | |
17345e5a | 769 | (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 |
ac50fbac | 770 | (tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 302.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G |
17345e5a | 771 | 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 |
a0c0a00f | 772 | (Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F3<ad66>3.58 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
773 | (must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 314.4 Q |
774 | (When used with)144 332.4 Q F3([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E | |
775 | F0(and)2.5 E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
776 | (xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .502(When the)144 |
777 | 350.4 R F3(==)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F3(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ | |
0001803f | 778 | e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) |
ac50fbac CR |
779 | 3.002 F .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 |
780 | 362.4 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F3 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) | |
781 | -.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
782 | -3.31 E F3(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 374.4 Q F0 1.389 |
783 | (shell option were enabled.)3.889 F(The)6.389 E F3(=)3.889 E F0 1.389 | |
784 | (operator is equi)3.889 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.389(lent to).25 F F3(==)3.89 | |
785 | E F0 6.39(.I)C 3.89(ft)-6.39 G(he)-3.89 E F3(nocasematch)3.89 E F0 | |
786 | (shell)3.89 E .272(option is enabled, the match is performed without re) | |
787 | 144 386.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .271 | |
788 | (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F(The)5.271 E 1.067 | |
ac50fbac CR |
789 | (return v)144 398.4 R 1.068(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F3 |
790 | (==)A F0 3.568(\)o)C 3.568(rd)-3.568 G 1.068(oes not match \()-3.568 F | |
a0c0a00f | 791 | F3(!=)A F0 3.568(\)t)C 1.068(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-3.568 F(An) |
ac50fbac CR |
792 | 144 410.4 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the\ |
793 | quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 | |
794 | (An additional binary operator)144 428.4 R(,)-.4 E F3(=~)2.743 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 795 | 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 |
ac50fbac CR |
796 | (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F3(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E |
797 | F3(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 | |
17345e5a | 798 | (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 |
a0c0a00f | 799 | 440.4 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 |
ac50fbac | 800 | (xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 452.4 R F1 |
17345e5a JA |
801 | -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 |
802 | (return v)2.707 F .207 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
803 | (alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 |
804 | (otherwise. If)144 464.4 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 | |
17345e5a | 805 | (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
806 | (xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 476.4 S |
807 | .667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the)5.667 F F3(nocasematch)3.167 E F0 .667 | |
808 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05 | |
809 | (ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .592(the case of alphabetic characters.)144 | |
810 | 488.4 R(An)5.592 E 3.092(yp)-.15 G .593 | |
811 | (art of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted por)-3.092 F(-)-.2 | |
ac50fbac CR |
812 | E 1.016(tion to be matched as a string.)144 500.4 R(Brack)6.016 E 1.016 |
813 | (et e)-.1 F 1.016(xpressions in re)-.15 F 1.016(gular e)-.15 F 1.016 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
814 | (xpressions must be treated care-)-.15 F(fully)144 512.4 Q 4.435(,s)-.65 |
815 | G 1.935 | |
816 | (ince normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brack)-4.435 | |
817 | F 4.436(ets. If)-.1 F 1.936(the pattern is)4.436 F .265 | |
818 | (stored in a shell v)144 524.4 R .265(ariable, quoting the v)-.25 F .264 | |
819 | (ariable e)-.25 F .264 | |
820 | (xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as)-.15 F 3.773(as)144 | |
821 | 536.4 S 3.773(tring. Substrings)-3.773 F 1.274 | |
822 | (matched by parenthesized sube)3.773 F 1.274(xpressions within the re) | |
823 | -.15 F 1.274(gular e)-.15 F 1.274(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 548.4 Q | |
824 | -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.097(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.097 G .597(he array v)-3.097 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
825 | (ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 |
826 | .597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E | |
a0c0a00f | 827 | F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0)-.15 G(is)-.001 E .049 |
ac50fbac | 828 | (the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 560.4 R .049 |
a0c0a00f CR |
829 | (gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .05(element of)2.55 F F2 |
830 | -.27(BA)2.55 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 572.4 Q(x)-.15 | |
831 | E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 | |
832 | E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 | |
833 | (Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 590.4 R .785 | |
17345e5a | 834 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 |
ac50fbac | 835 | 602.4 Q F3(\()144 620.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\)) |
a0c0a00f | 836 | 2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 632.4 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) |
17345e5a JA |
837 | 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) |
838 | -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
839 | (operators.)180 644.4 Q F3(!)144 656.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) |
840 | -.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 668.4 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E | |
841 | (ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 680.4 S(pr).2 E | |
842 | (ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 | |
843 | -.35(Tr)180 692.4 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) | |
495aee44 | 844 | -.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) |
ac50fbac CR |
845 | 2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 704.4 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(||)2.5 E F1 -.2 |
846 | (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 | |
495aee44 | 847 | E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) |
a0c0a00f CR |
848 | .2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
849 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(5)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
850 | %%Page: 6 6 |
851 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
852 | BP | |
853 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
854 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
855 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10 | |
856 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.641 E F0(and)3.641 E F1(||)3.641 E F0 1.141 | |
857 | (operators do not e)3.641 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E/F2 10 | |
858 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141 | |
859 | (if the v)3.641 F 1.14(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.64 G(pr).2 E(ession1) | |
860 | -.37 E F0 1.14(is suf)3.64 F 1.14(\214cient to)-.25 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
861 | (determine the return v)144 96 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E |
862 | (xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 112.8 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
863 | ([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
864 | (]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423 |
865 | (The list of w)144 124.8 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923 | |
866 | E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F | |
867 | .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to) | |
868 | 2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 136.8 R F2(list) | |
495aee44 | 869 | 3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F |
ac50fbac | 870 | .653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 |
a0c0a00f CR |
871 | (is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) |
872 | 144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 | |
ac50fbac | 873 | (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9 |
a0c0a00f CR |
874 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).) |
875 | -.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 160.8 R .153 | |
876 | (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 | |
877 | (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F | |
ac50fbac | 878 | (follo)144 172.8 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 |
17345e5a | 879 | (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
ac50fbac CR |
880 | (cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E |
881 | F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 | |
882 | E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
883 | (list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) |
884 | 144 201.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) | |
885 | 3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 | |
886 | (luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G | |
887 | (nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 213.6 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) | |
888 | -.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) | |
889 | 5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) | |
890 | 3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 | |
891 | 225.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F | |
ac50fbac | 892 | F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 |
a0c0a00f CR |
893 | (luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) |
894 | 3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 | |
895 | 237.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F | |
495aee44 CR |
896 | -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 |
897 | (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
898 | 2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G |
899 | .228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 249.6 R .227 | |
900 | (alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 | |
901 | (list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) | |
902 | .15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 | |
ac50fbac CR |
903 | E -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 |
904 | (select)108 278.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) | |
905 | -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
906 | .433(The list of w)144 290.4 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) |
907 | 2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) | |
908 | -.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 | |
ac50fbac | 909 | (is printed on the standard error)144 302.4 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 |
17345e5a | 910 | (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) |
a0c0a00f CR |
911 | -3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 |
912 | (is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) | |
ac50fbac | 913 | 144 314.4 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 |
495aee44 | 914 | (w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) |
a0c0a00f CR |
915 | 2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 326.4 R .213 |
916 | (If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 | |
917 | F 1.538(played w)144 338.4 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) | |
918 | -.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) | |
919 | -.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 | |
920 | F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 350.4 R 2.565 | |
921 | (ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) | |
922 | 5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 | |
923 | F F2(name)144.36 362.4 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 | |
924 | (The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) | |
925 | -3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 | |
926 | (.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
927 | .953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 374.4 R F1(br) | |
495aee44 CR |
928 | 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 |
929 | (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) | |
a0c0a00f | 930 | 2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F |
ac50fbac | 931 | (last command e)144 386.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E |
495aee44 | 932 | F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) |
ac50fbac | 933 | -.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 403.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 |
495aee44 | 934 | E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 |
17345e5a | 935 | (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) |
a0c0a00f CR |
936 | 2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 415.2 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 |
937 | (command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 938 | 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F |
a0c0a00f | 939 | F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595 |
ac50fbac | 940 | (same matching rules as for pathname e)144 427.2 R .595(xpansion \(see) |
a0c0a00f CR |
941 | -.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E |
942 | 3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144 | |
943 | 439.2 S 1.72(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.72(xpansion, parameter and v) | |
944 | -.15 F 1.72(ariable e)-.25 F 1.72(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.72 | |
945 | (xpansion, com-)-.15 F 1.268 | |
ac50fbac | 946 | (mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 451.2 R -.25 |
17345e5a | 947 | (va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
948 | 1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .203(using tilde e)144 463.2 R |
949 | .203(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .203(ariable e)-.25 F .203 | |
950 | (xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .203(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F | |
951 | .232(tion, and process substitution.)144 475.2 R .233(If the)5.233 F F1 | |
952 | (nocasematch)2.733 E F0 .233 | |
953 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed)2.733 F .234 | |
954 | (without re)144 487.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .234 | |
955 | (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .234 | |
956 | (When a match is found, the corresponding)5.234 F F2(list)2.734 E F0 | |
957 | .625(is e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.125(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.125 E | |
958 | F1(;;)3.125 E F0 .625(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attem\ | |
959 | pted after the \214rst pattern)3.125 F 2.932(match. Using)144 511.2 R F1 | |
960 | (;&)2.932 E F0 .432(in place of)2.932 F F1(;;)2.932 E F0 .432(causes e) | |
961 | 2.932 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .432(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list) | |
962 | 2.932 E F0 .431(associated with the ne)2.931 F(xt)-.15 E .866 | |
963 | (set of patterns.)144 523.2 R(Using)5.866 E F1(;;&)3.366 E F0 .866 | |
964 | (in place of)3.366 F F1(;;)3.366 E F0 .866 | |
965 | (causes the shell to test the ne)3.366 F .866 | |
966 | (xt pattern list in the state-)-.15 F .878(ment, if an)144 535.2 R 2.178 | |
967 | -.65(y, a)-.15 H .878(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .878(cute an).15 F 3.378 | |
968 | (ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-3.378 E F2(list)3.378 E F0 .878 | |
969 | (on a successful match.)3.378 F .878(The e)5.878 F .877 | |
970 | (xit status is zero if no)-.15 F(pattern matches.)144 547.2 Q | |
971 | (Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15 | |
972 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 564 Q F2(list) | |
973 | 2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list) | |
974 | 2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1 | |
975 | (else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 576 Q F1(if) | |
976 | 2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 | |
17345e5a JA |
977 | (cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F |
978 | F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
979 | 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 |
980 | E F0 1.088(is e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 | |
17345e5a JA |
981 | (cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 |
982 | (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
983 | 3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F |
984 | .103(command completes.)144 600 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else) | |
17345e5a JA |
985 | 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 |
986 | (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) | |
a0c0a00f | 987 | -.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 612 Q -.15(xe) |
ac50fbac CR |
988 | -.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while)108 |
989 | 628.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 | |
990 | (done)2.5 E(until)108 640.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2 | |
991 | (list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 652.8 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 | |
495aee44 CR |
992 | .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 |
993 | F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F | |
ac50fbac | 994 | F2(list-1)144 664.8 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 |
495aee44 CR |
995 | (xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1(until)2.705 E F0 .205 |
996 | (command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 .205 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
997 | (command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .6(that the test is ne)144 676.8 R -.05 |
998 | (ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.19 E F0 .6(is e)3.12 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
999 | .599(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.189 E F0 | |
1000 | .599(returns a non-zero)3.099 F -.15(ex)144 688.8 S .204(it status.).15 | |
1001 | F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.704 E F0 | |
1002 | (and)2.704 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .205(commands is the e)2.704 F .205 | |
ac50fbac | 1003 | (xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 |
495aee44 | 1004 | E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1005 | -.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) |
1006 | 142.895 E(6)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1007 | %%Page: 7 7 |
1008 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1009 | BP | |
1010 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1011 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1012 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1013 | SF(Copr)87 84 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
1014 | (copr)3.713 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.213(is a shell command preceded by the) | |
1015 | 3.713 F F1(copr)3.712 E(oc)-.18 E F0(reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F | |
1016 | 3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212(coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212 | |
1017 | (cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chronously in a subshell, as if the command had\ | |
1018 | been terminated with the)108 108 R F1(&)3.075 E F0 .575 | |
1019 | (control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G .575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E | |
1020 | -.1(wa)108 120 S 2.5(yp).1 G(ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15 | |
1021 | (xe)-.15 G(cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E | |
1022 | (The format for a coprocess is:)108 136.8 Q F1(copr)144 153.6 Q(oc)-.18 | |
1023 | E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
1024 | -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F0(])A .709 | |
1025 | (This creates a coprocess named)108 170.4 R F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E | |
1026 | F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 .708 | |
1027 | (is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR)3.208 | |
1028 | E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.708 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 | |
ac50fbac | 1029 | (must not be supplied if)108 182.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 |
17345e5a JA |
1030 | F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G |
1031 | .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1032 | 194.4 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 |
1033 | (When the coprocess is e)6.44 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.44 | |
1034 | (cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F 1.44(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1035 | (Arrays)108 206.4 Q F0(belo)3.67 E 1.17(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.67 |
1036 | G(ME).27 E F0 1.17(in the conte)3.67 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe) | |
1037 | -.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.171(The standard output of)6.171 F F2 | |
1038 | (command)3.871 E F0(is)4.441 E 2.029 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1039 | (connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 218.4 R -.15 |
1040 | (xe)-.15 G 2.029 | |
1041 | (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F2 -.27 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1042 | (NA)108 230.4 S(ME).27 E F0 3.856([0]. The)B 1.356(standard input of) |
1043 | 3.856 F F2(command)4.056 E F0 1.357 | |
1044 | (is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.626 F -.15 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1045 | (xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .103 |
1046 | (shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 242.4 R F2 -.27 | |
1047 | (NA)2.603 G(ME).27 E F0 2.603([1]. This)B .103 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1048 | (pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.603(yr)-.15 G .103 |
1049 | (edirections spec-)-2.603 F 1.271(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 254.4 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1050 | R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 |
1051 | (w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F | |
a0c0a00f | 1052 | 1.272(guments to)-.18 F .515 |
ac50fbac CR |
1053 | (shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 266.4 R .515 |
1054 | (ord e)-.1 F 3.015(xpansions. The)-.15 F .515 | |
1055 | (\214le descriptors are not a)3.015 F -.25(va)-.2 G .515(ilable in).25 F | |
a0c0a00f | 1056 | 3.636(subshells. The)108 278.4 R 1.136(process ID of the shell spa)3.636 |
ac50fbac | 1057 | F 1.137(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.137(cute the coprocess is a) |
a0c0a00f | 1058 | .15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.137(ilable as the v).25 F 1.137(alue of the)-.25 F |
ac50fbac CR |
1059 | -.25(va)108 290.4 S(riable).25 E F2 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0 2.5 |
1060 | (_PID. The)B F1(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
1061 | (iltin command may be used to w).2 E | |
1062 | (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 | |
1063 | (Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1064 | 307.2 R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 |
1065 | G .335(ys returns success.).1 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
1066 | (The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 319.2 Q(xit status of) |
1067 | -.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 336 Q | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1068 | F0 2.697(As)108 348 S .198 |
1069 | (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G | |
1070 | .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1071 | (cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 360 S .5 -.25(ew s)-2.5 |
1072 | H(et of positional parameters.).25 E | |
1073 | (Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 376.8 | |
1074 | Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C | |
1075 | (dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 388.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 | |
1076 | ([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) | |
a0c0a00f | 1077 | .37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 |
ac50fbac CR |
1078 | 400.8 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 |
1079 | (ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F | |
a0c0a00f | 1080 | 1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 412.8 Q .162 |
495aee44 | 1081 | (ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F |
ac50fbac CR |
1082 | (The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) |
1083 | 2.662 F(command)144 424.8 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) | |
1084 | 3.354 E F1 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
1085 | 2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 436.8 | |
495aee44 | 1086 | Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F |
ac50fbac | 1087 | 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1088 | (Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) |
1089 | .15 G .402(ith one e)-2.902 F .402(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) | |
1090 | 2.901 E F0(reserv)2.901 E .401(ed w)-.15 F .401(ord is used, b)-.1 F | |
1091 | .401(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 | |
1092 | (plied, the braces are required.)144 460.8 R F2(compound\255command) | |
1093 | 5.047 E F0 .047(is e)2.547 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047(cuted whene).15 F -.15 | |
1094 | (ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)2.547 E F0 .047(is speci\214ed as the)2.547 F | |
1095 | 1.68(name of a simple command.)144 472.8 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 | |
1096 | (posix mode)4.18 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.679 | |
1097 | (may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 484.8 Q F2 .014 | |
1098 | (special b)2.513 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H | |
1099 | .014(edirections \(see).15 F F3(REDIRECTION)2.514 E F0(belo)2.264 E .014 | |
1100 | (w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.12 | |
1101 | (de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 | |
1102 | G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.119 | |
1103 | (it status of a function de\214nition is).15 F .217(zero unless a synta\ | |
1104 | x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 | |
1105 | 508.8 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 520.8 S .546(cuted, the e) | |
1106 | .15 F .546(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .545 | |
1107 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 | |
1108 | (cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 532.8 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E | |
1109 | F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
1110 | (COMMENTS)72 549.6 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 561.6 R 1.282 -.15 | |
1111 | (ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
1112 | .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G | |
1113 | (_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2 | |
1114 | (bu)108 573.6 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F | |
1115 | (UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 | |
1116 | F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 | |
1117 | (causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 | |
1118 | (and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 585.6 R | |
0001803f | 1119 | .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) |
a0c0a00f | 1120 | .15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 597.6 Q F0 |
0001803f | 1121 | 1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 |
ac50fbac | 1122 | (omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E |
0001803f | 1123 | F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1124 | 609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 626.4 S -.438(OT) |
1125 | .11 G(ING).438 E F2(Quoting)108 638.4 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F | |
17345e5a JA |
1126 | .777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 |
1127 | (he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 | |
0001803f | 1128 | (ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 |
17345e5a | 1129 | (used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1130 | 650.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 |
1131 | (ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 662.4 Q -.15 | |
ac50fbac | 1132 | (ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 |
a0c0a00f | 1133 | 679.2 R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 |
ac50fbac CR |
1134 | (listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) |
1135 | 2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1136 | (quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 691.2 Q 1.345 |
1137 | (When the command history e)108 708 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 | |
ac50fbac | 1138 | (acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 |
0001803f | 1139 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) |
a0c0a00f | 1140 | -.25 F F2(history e)108 720 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) |
ac50fbac | 1141 | -.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
1142 | -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
1143 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1144 | %%Page: 8 8 |
1145 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1146 | BP | |
1147 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1148 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1149 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E | |
1150 | (There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 | |
1151 | SF(escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G | |
1152 | (ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 100.8 S .474 | |
1153 | (on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.974 | |
1154 | (\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E | |
1155 | (acter)-.15 E F0 5.474(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474 | |
1156 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475 | |
1157 | (xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 112.8 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F | |
1158 | 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\) | |
1159 | 4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 | |
0001803f | 1160 | (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 |
a0c0a00f | 1161 | (quoted, the)108 124.8 R F2(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 |
17345e5a | 1162 | (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F |
0001803f | 1163 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
1164 | (ef)108 136.8 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 |
1165 | (Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 153.6 R .295 | |
17345e5a JA |
1166 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) |
1167 | -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E | |
a0c0a00f | 1168 | (gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 165.6 Q -.15(ve) |
ac50fbac | 1169 | -.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 |
a0c0a00f | 1170 | (Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 182.4 R .034 |
17345e5a JA |
1171 | (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 |
1172 | (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1173 | 194.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F0(,)A |
1174 | F2(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 | |
1175 | (xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 | |
1176 | (hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C | |
1177 | (he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 | |
1178 | (special meaning within double quotes, e)108 206.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1179 | 3.897(nw).15 G 1.397(hen history e)-3.897 F 1.397(xpansion is enabled.) | |
1180 | -.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F2($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F2<92> | |
1181 | 3.898 E F0 .045(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 | |
1182 | 218.4 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) | |
1183 | 5.045 F(lo)108 230.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 | |
1184 | (wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F2(") | |
1185 | 3.935 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2(<newline>) | |
1186 | 3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 | |
1187 | (double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 242.4 R .131 | |
1188 | (If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) | |
1189 | -.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F0 | |
1190 | (appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 254.4 Q | |
1191 | (The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) | |
1192 | -.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 271.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 | |
1193 | E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H | |
ac50fbac | 1194 | (pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
a0c0a00f CR |
1195 | -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 288 |
1196 | S .211(rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.711 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.711 | |
1197 | <0861>C .211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w) | |
1198 | -5.211 F .211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.712 E F0 | |
1199 | 2.712(,w)C .212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 | |
1200 | (acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 300 R .604 | |
495aee44 | 1201 | (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1202 | 108 312 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 324 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 324 Q F2 |
1203 | (\\b)144 336 Q F0(backspace)180 336 Q F2(\\e)144 348 Q(\\E)144 360 Q F0 | |
1204 | (an escape character)180 360 Q F2(\\f)144 372 Q F0(form feed)180 372 Q | |
1205 | F2(\\n)144 384 Q F0(ne)180 384 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 396 | |
1206 | Q F0(carriage return)180 396 Q F2(\\t)144 408 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 | |
1207 | 408 Q F2(\\v)144 420 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 420 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 | |
1208 | 432 Q F0(backslash)180 432 Q F2<5c08>144 444 Q F0(single quote)180 444 Q | |
1209 | F2(\\")144 456 Q F0(double quote)180 456 Q F2(\\?)144 468 Q F0 | |
1210 | (question mark)180 468 Q F2(\\)144 480 Q F1(nnn)A F0 | |
1211 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 480 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E | |
1212 | (alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 | |
1213 | 492 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 492 Q | |
1214 | (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 | |
1215 | (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2 | |
1216 | (\\u)144 504 Q F1(HHHH)A F0 1.506 | |
1217 | (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 516 R 1.507 | |
1218 | (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHH) | |
1219 | 4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 528 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2 | |
1220 | (\\U)144 540 Q F1(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 | |
1221 | (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 552 R .547 | |
1222 | (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHHH-) | |
1223 | 3.047 E(HHH)180 564 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) | |
1224 | -2.5 E F2(\\c)144 576 Q F1(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 576 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F1(x)A | |
1225 | F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 592.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ | |
1226 | s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 609.6 S | |
1227 | .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F2($)A F0 | |
1228 | (")A F1(string)A F0 .14 | |
1229 | ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .496 | |
1230 | (to the current locale.)108 621.6 R .495(If the current locale is)5.496 | |
1231 | F F2(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F2(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995(,t)C .495 | |
1232 | (he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .495(If the string is trans-)5.495 | |
1233 | F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 633.6 Q/F4 | |
1234 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 650.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 662.4 Q | |
1235 | F1(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F | |
1236 | 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842(can be a)3.342 F F1(name)3.343 E F0 3.343 | |
1237 | (,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E 3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843 | |
1238 | (ne of the special characters)-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 674.4 R | |
1239 | 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F2 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E | |
1240 | F0 5.823(.A)C F1(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) | |
1241 | 3.503 F F1(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 | |
1242 | (riable has a).25 F F1(value)108 686.4 Q F0 .368(and zero or more)2.868 | |
1243 | F F1(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 | |
1244 | (utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F2(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1245 | 2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 | |
1246 | (belo)108 698.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E | |
1247 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.755(Ap)108 715.2 | |
1248 | S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754 | |
1249 | (alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F | |
1250 | 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 | |
1251 | F(may be unset only by using the)108 727.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
ac50fbac | 1252 | 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1253 | -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) |
1254 | 142.895 E(8)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1255 | %%Page: 9 9 |
1256 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1257 | BP | |
1258 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1259 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1260 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(A)108 84 Q/F1 10 | |
1261 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)2.79 E F0 | |
1262 | (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F1(name)144 100.8 | |
1263 | Q F0(=[)A F1(value)A F0(])A(If)108 117.6 Q F1(value)3.022 E F0 .232 | |
1264 | (is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232 | |
1265 | (ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F1(values)3.023 | |
1266 | E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15 | |
1267 | F .515(and v)108 129.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 | |
495aee44 | 1268 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 |
17345e5a | 1269 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1270 | -3.015 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 |
1271 | 141.6 Q 2.698(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its) | |
1272 | -.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198 | |
1273 | (ute set, then)-.2 F F1(value)2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
1274 | G .199(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve) | |
1275 | -.25 G(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 153.6 R .902 | |
ac50fbac | 1276 | (xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F3 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
1277 | F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 |
1278 | (ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 165.6 R | |
1279 | 1.178(xception of)-.15 F F3("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 | |
1280 | (xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F3 1.179(Special P) | |
1281 | 3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 | |
1282 | (xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 177.6 R 1.149 | |
1283 | (statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F3 | |
1284 | (alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F3(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(typeset)3.648 | |
1285 | E F0(,)A F3(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F3 -.18(re)108 189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 | |
1286 | 3.288(,a)C(nd)-3.288 E F3(local)3.288 E F0 -.2(bu)3.288 G .788 | |
1287 | (iltin commands \().2 F F1(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 | |
1288 | (commands\). When)3.288 F(in)3.289 E F1 .789(posix mode)3.289 F F0 3.289 | |
1289 | (,t)C .789(hese b)-3.289 F .789(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 | |
1290 | (appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 201.6 R F3 | |
1291 | (command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.496 | |
1292 | (iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 213.6 | |
1293 | Q .376(In the conte)108 230.4 R .376 | |
17345e5a | 1294 | (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 |
ac50fbac | 1295 | (alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1296 | (x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 |
1297 | (operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 242.4 R(ariable') | |
1298 | -.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) | |
1299 | -.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 254.4 S | |
1300 | .163(iltin commands such as).2 F F3(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 | |
1301 | (that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F1(declar)A(ation)-.15 E | |
1302 | F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .252 | |
1303 | (applied to a v)108 266.4 R .252(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1(inte) | |
1304 | 2.752 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.752 E .252(ute has been set,)-.2 | |
1305 | F F1(value)2.752 E F0 .251(is e)2.751 F -.25(va)-.25 G .251 | |
1306 | (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .05 | |
1307 | (sion and added to the v)108 278.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 | |
1308 | (urrent v)-2.55 F .05(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.55 | |
1309 | (luated. When).25 F .05(+= is applied to an array v)2.55 F(ari-)-.25 E | |
1310 | .459(able using compound assignment \(see)108 290.4 R F3(Arrays)2.959 E | |
1311 | F0(belo)2.959 E .459(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.959(sv)-.55 G | |
1312 | .459(alue is not unset \(as it is when using)-3.209 F .265(=\), and ne) | |
1313 | 108 302.4 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be) | |
1314 | -3.015 F .265(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.765(sm) | |
1315 | -.55 G .265(aximum inde)-2.765 F 2.765(x\()-.15 G(for)-2.765 E(inde)108 | |
1316 | 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.402(da).15 G .902 | |
1317 | (rrays\) or added as additional k)-3.402 F -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .901 | |
1318 | (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.201 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E | |
1319 | 5.901(.W)-.65 G .901(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 326.4 | |
1320 | S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F1(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E | |
ac50fbac | 1321 | (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
1322 | (alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 343.2 S .882(ariable can be assigned the) |
1323 | -3.632 F F1(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 | |
ac50fbac | 1324 | (ute using the)-.2 F F3<ad6e>3.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F3 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1325 | (declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F3(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 |
1326 | G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 355.2 R | |
1327 | F3(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F3(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 | |
1328 | E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F1(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C | |
1329 | 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 | |
1330 | (able. This)108 367.2 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 | |
1331 | (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 | |
1332 | E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 | |
1333 | (ariable is referenced,)-.25 F .54 | |
1334 | (assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 379.2 R .54 | |
1335 | (utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F1(namer)3.04 | |
1336 | E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 | |
1337 | (the operation is actually performed on the v)108 391.2 R .352 | |
1338 | (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) | |
1339 | -.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 | |
1340 | (commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 403.2 R .971 | |
1341 | (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F | |
1342 | 2.5(function. F)108 415.2 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E | |
1343 | (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E | |
1344 | (gument, running)-.18 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 433.2 Q | |
1345 | F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 451.2 R(ariable)-.25 | |
1346 | E F3 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) | |
1347 | -.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
1348 | 3.592(ment. References)108 463.2 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F3 | |
1349 | -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) | |
1350 | -3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 | |
1351 | (ments, and attrib)108 475.2 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F | |
1352 | .144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F3($1)2.644 E | |
1353 | F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 | |
1354 | (ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)108 487.2 S(r).25 E F0 .868 | |
1355 | (loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 | |
1356 | (ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 | |
1357 | (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 | |
1358 | (will be established for each w)108 499.2 R .509 | |
1359 | (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 | |
1360 | (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 | |
1361 | 511.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F3(namer)4.193 E(ef) | |
1362 | -.18 E F0(attrib)4.193 E 4.193(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1363 | 2.493 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.693(ameref v).4 F 1.692 | |
1364 | (ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.692(ariables and subscripted) | |
1365 | -.25 F .101(array v)108 523.2 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 | |
1366 | (can be unset using the)2.601 F F3<ad6e>2.602 E F0 .102(option to the) | |
1367 | 2.602 F F3(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F | |
1368 | (if)2.602 E F3(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E | |
1369 | .443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 535.2 R .442 | |
1370 | (ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 | |
1371 | (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
1372 | (will be unset.)108 547.2 Q F3 -.2(Po)87 564 S(sitional P).2 E | |
1373 | (arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 576 Q F1 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) | |
1374 | -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ | |
1375 | the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 | |
1376 | (tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 588 R 2.944(sa)-.55 | |
1377 | G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) | |
1378 | .2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 600 Q F3(set)3.333 | |
1379 | E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional parameters\ | |
1380 | may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E | |
1381 | (positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function i\ | |
1382 | s e)108 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 | |
1383 | (belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter consisting o\ | |
1384 | f more than a single digit is e)108 628.8 R 1.403 | |
1385 | (xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 640.8 Q F2(EXP) | |
1386 | 2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 657.6 Q | |
1387 | (arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 669.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1388 | 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 | |
17345e5a | 1389 | (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
1390 | (them is not allo)108 681.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .224 |
1391 | (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 693.6 R | |
1392 | .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 | |
1393 | (quotes, each positional parameter e)144 705.6 R .662 | |
ac50fbac | 1394 | (xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1395 | (xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 717.6 R 1.082 |
1396 | (ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) | |
1397 | -.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E | |
1398 | 2.548(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 729.6 R 2.549 | |
1399 | (xpands to a single w)-.15 F 2.549(ord with the v)-.1 F 2.549 | |
1400 | (alue of each parameter)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) | |
1401 | 142.895 E(9)197.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1402 | %%Page: 10 10 |
1403 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1404 | BP | |
1405 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1406 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1407 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.068 | |
1408 | (separated by the \214rst character of the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
1409 | (IFS)5.568 E F0 3.068(special v)5.318 F 5.568(ariable. That)-.25 F 3.067 | |
1410 | (is, ")5.568 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($*)A F0 5.567("i)C 5.567(se)-5.567 | |
1411 | G(qui)-5.567 E -.25(va)-.25 G 3.067(lent to).25 F(")144 96 Q F2($1)A/F3 | |
1412 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0 1.519(", where)B F3 | |
1413 | (c)4.219 E F0 1.519(is the \214rst character of the v)4.329 F 1.52 | |
1414 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)4.02 E F0 -.25(va)3.77 G 4.02(riable. If).25 | |
1415 | F F1(IFS)4.02 E F0 1.52(is unset, the)3.77 F .833 | |
1416 | (parameters are separated by spaces.)144 108 R(If)5.833 E F1(IFS)3.333 E | |
1417 | F0 .832(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)3.083 F(ening) | |
1418 | -.15 E(separators.)144 120 Q F2(@)108 132 Q F0 .605 | |
1419 | (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 132 R .606 | |
1420 | (When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 | |
1421 | (ble quotes, each parameter e)144 144 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 | |
1422 | F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F2($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 | |
1423 | (se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 | |
1424 | 2.613("")C F2($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 | |
1425 | (If the double-quoted e)144 156 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F | |
1426 | .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) | |
1427 | -.15 F .151(with the be)144 168 R .151(ginning part of the original w) | |
1428 | -.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .15 | |
1429 | (xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 | |
1430 | (the last part of the original w)144 180 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 | |
1431 | (there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F2($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) | |
1432 | -2.838 E F2($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E | |
1433 | (to nothing \(i.e., the)144 192 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) | |
1434 | -.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 204 Q F0 | |
1435 | (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 204 Q F2 | |
1436 | (?)108 216 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 216 Q | |
1437 | (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 | |
1438 | E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 228 Q F0 .882 | |
1439 | (Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 228 R | |
1440 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G | |
1441 | .881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) | |
1442 | 144 240 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 252 Q F0 .214 | |
1443 | (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 252 R .214 | |
17345e5a JA |
1444 | (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 |
1445 | (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 1446 | (shell, not the subshell.)144 264 Q F2(!)108 276 Q F0 .499(Expands to t\ |
ac50fbac | 1447 | he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
1448 | her e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E |
1449 | (as an asynchronous command or using the)144 288 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
1450 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E | |
1451 | (w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 300 Q F0 1.691 | |
1452 | (Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 300 R 1.692 | |
1453 | (This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E | |
1454 | F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 | |
1455 | (ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 | |
1456 | (is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E | |
1457 | F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F2<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 | |
1458 | (option, then)144 324 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) | |
ac50fbac CR |
1459 | 2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 |
1460 | (cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1461 | (wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
1462 | (ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H | |
1463 | 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 348 | |
1464 | Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 | |
1465 | 348 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054 | |
1466 | (he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691 | |
1467 | (as passed in the en)144 360 R .691(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 | |
1468 | (gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .692 | |
1469 | (xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 372 Q | |
1470 | .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 | |
1471 | (set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e) | |
1472 | .2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 384 S 1.6 | |
1473 | (cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 | |
17345e5a JA |
1474 | (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F |
1475 | (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1476 | 396 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 412.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 |
1477 | 424.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) | |
1478 | 108 441.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 | |
1479 | 441.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E | |
1480 | F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 465.6 S .049 | |
ac50fbac | 1481 | (olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) |
0001803f | 1482 | 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1483 | (gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 477.6 |
1484 | R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 | |
0001803f | 1485 | 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) |
ac50fbac | 1486 | 3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1487 | 489.6 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) |
1488 | 2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 | |
1489 | (ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F | |
1490 | (vironment)-.4 E(when)144 501.6 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ | |
1491 | ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F | |
1492 | 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 513.6 Q | |
1493 | (ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SHPID).3 E | |
1494 | F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 537.6 R F2(bash) | |
1495 | 2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F | |
1496 | F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F | |
1497 | (stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 549.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 | |
1498 | E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E | |
1499 | F0 1.195(An associati)144 573.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) | |
ac50fbac | 1500 | .15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
1501 | iases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the)144 585.6 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 |
1502 | -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 | |
1503 | (added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 | |
1504 | (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 | |
1505 | (array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 597.6 R | |
1506 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) | |
1507 | 9.503 E F2 -.3(BA)144 609.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 | |
1508 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
1509 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) | |
1510 | -2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 621.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 633.6 R | |
1511 | .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 | |
ac50fbac | 1512 | (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f | 1513 | F2(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 645.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F |
ac50fbac | 1514 | .535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
1515 | n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 657.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F2(.) |
1516 | 2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) | |
1517 | -2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 | |
1518 | (When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 | |
1519 | (cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 | |
1520 | 669.6 R F1 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
1521 | 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F1 -.27(BA)5.131 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631 | |
1522 | (only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 681.6 S(tended deb).15 E | |
1523 | (ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E | |
1524 | F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E | |
1525 | (w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 | |
1526 | 705.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) | |
1527 | -.25 F F2(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F | |
1528 | (The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\ | |
1529 | he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 717.6 R | |
1530 | 1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 729.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) | |
ac50fbac | 1531 | 6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1532 | (cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 |
1533 | 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(10)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac | 1534 | %%Page: 11 11 |
17345e5a JA |
1535 | %%BeginPageSetup |
1536 | BP | |
1537 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1538 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1539 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
1540 | SF -.27(BA)144 84 S(SH_ARGV).27 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.197 | |
1541 | (The shell sets)6.697 F F1 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197 | |
1542 | (only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197 | |
1543 | (ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 96 Q/F3 10 | |
1544 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F3(shopt) | |
1545 | 2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 108 S | |
1546 | (SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 120 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 | |
1547 | (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ | |
1548 | h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 132 R F3(hash) | |
1549 | 2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 | |
1550 | (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 | |
1551 | (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ | |
1552 | t cause command names to be remo)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G | |
1553 | .852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 156 R F3 -.3(BA)2.5 G | |
1554 | (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 | |
1555 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G | |
1556 | (ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 | |
1557 | (The command currently being e)144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 | |
ac50fbac CR |
1558 | (cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 |
1559 | (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F | |
0001803f | 1560 | (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1561 | 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)108 |
1562 | 204 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 216 Q | |
1563 | (gument to the)-.18 E F3<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
1564 | (cation option.).2 E F3 -.3(BA)108 228 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 | |
1565 | (An array v)144 240 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ | |
1566 | n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 252 | |
1567 | R F1(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 | |
1568 | (nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F3(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 | |
1569 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F3(]})A F0 .97 | |
1570 | (is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 264 R F3 | |
1571 | (${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 | |
1572 | E F3(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G | |
1573 | 17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F3(${B)144 276 Q(ASH_LINENO[) | |
1574 | -.3 E F4($i-1)A F3(]})A F0 .115 | |
1575 | (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F1 | |
495aee44 | 1576 | (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1577 | 288 Q(.)-.55 E F3 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E |
1578 | -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 312 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ | |
1579 | directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F | |
1580 | (uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 324 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) | |
1581 | 2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 | |
1582 | 348 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F3(=~)2.506 | |
1583 | E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F3([[)2.506 E F0 .006 | |
1584 | (conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 360 R .007 | |
1585 | (element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 | |
1586 | (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) | |
1587 | -.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 372 R(x)-.15 E | |
1588 | F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F | |
1589 | F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 | |
1590 | (sion. This)144 384 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E | |
1591 | F3 -.3(BA)108 396 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 408 R .125(ar\ | |
495aee44 | 1592 | iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ |
a0c0a00f | 1593 | shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 420 R F1(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) |
495aee44 | 1594 | -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1595 | (The shell function)5.78 F F3(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A |
1596 | F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 432 Q F3(${B)2.5 E | |
1597 | (ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F3(${B)2.5 E | |
1598 | (ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0(.)A F3 -.3(BA)108 444 S | |
1599 | (SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 | |
1600 | (Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 456 R .296 | |
1601 | (vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
1602 | (cuting).15 E(in that en)144 468 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) | |
1603 | 2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 480 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 | |
1604 | (Ar)144 492 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 | |
17345e5a | 1605 | (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1606 | (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F3(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 |
1607 | (.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 504 S | |
1608 | (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -.3 | |
1609 | (BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F3(])A F0(The major v)264 522 Q | |
1610 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3 | |
1611 | (BA)144 534 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F3(])A F0(The minor v)264 534 Q | |
1612 | (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA) | |
1613 | 144 546 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F3(])A F0(The patch le)264 546 Q -.15 | |
1614 | (ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 558 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F3(])A | |
1615 | F0(The b)264 558 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 570 S | |
1616 | (SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F3(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 570 Q | |
1617 | F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F3 | |
1618 | (])A F0(The v)264 582 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F2(.)A | |
1619 | F3 -.3(BA)108 594 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 | |
1620 | (Expands to a string describing the v)144 606 Q | |
1621 | (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(COMP_CW)108 | |
1622 | 618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 630 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E | |
1623 | F3(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 | |
1624 | (ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F | |
1625 | (ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 | |
17345e5a | 1626 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1627 | (db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F |
1628 | 1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E | |
1629 | F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(COMP_KEY)108 666 Q F0(The k)144 678 Q .3 | |
495aee44 CR |
1630 | -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 |
1631 | -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1632 | H(he current completion function.).1 E F3(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 |
1633 | (The current command line.)144 702 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 | |
17345e5a | 1634 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1635 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F |
1636 | 2.848(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 | |
17345e5a | 1637 | (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1638 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F |
1639 | F0(belo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) | |
1640 | 142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1641 | %%Page: 12 12 |
1642 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1643 | BP | |
1644 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1645 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1646 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1647 | SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .667(The inde)144 96 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167 | |
1648 | (ft)-3.167 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15 | |
1649 | (ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 | |
1650 | (ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 | |
1651 | (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 | |
1652 | 108 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 | |
1653 | (${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 | |
1654 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 | |
1655 | (ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 | |
1656 | F(in)144 132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G | |
1657 | (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E | |
1658 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 | |
1659 | 144 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 156 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ | |
1660 | esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) | |
1661 | -.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 | |
1662 | (TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 | |
1663 | (?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) | |
1664 | -2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 4.091(,f)C | |
1665 | 1.591(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 | |
1666 | (np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) | |
1667 | 4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) | |
1668 | -4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) | |
1669 | 4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) | |
1670 | 6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 | |
1671 | (ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S 2.928 | |
1672 | (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 | |
1673 | (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 | |
1674 | (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 | |
1675 | 216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 | |
1676 | 1.336(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G | |
1677 | (adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 | |
1678 | (ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) | |
1679 | 144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 | |
1680 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1681 | 3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G | |
1682 | (ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E | |
1683 | F0 .654(An array v)144 288 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E | |
1684 | F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) | |
1685 | -.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 300 R | |
495aee44 | 1686 | 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1687 | G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 |
1688 | (COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 | |
1689 | 312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 | |
1690 | (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 | |
1691 | (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 | |
1692 | (db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) | |
1693 | 144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E | |
1694 | F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) | |
1695 | 144 348 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E | |
495aee44 CR |
1696 | .169 |
1697 | (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1698 | -.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) |
1699 | -.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) | |
1700 | -.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 384 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
495aee44 | 1701 | (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 |
17345e5a | 1702 | (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
1703 | 1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R 3.594 |
1704 | (ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1705 | 3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 | |
1706 | (members of this array v)144 408 R 1.432 | |
17345e5a | 1707 | (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 1708 | F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 420 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E |
17345e5a JA |
1709 | F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 |
1710 | -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1711 | F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 432 R |
1712 | 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 | |
1713 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 | |
1714 | (ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EUID)108 456 | |
1715 | Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 456 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 | |
1716 | H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 | |
1717 | (nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 | |
1718 | (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 468 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 480 Q(AME) | |
1719 | -.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 492 R .479 | |
17345e5a | 1720 | (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1721 | -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 |
1722 | (The element with inde)144 504 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 | |
1723 | (he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
1724 | G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 | |
1725 | (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 516 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 | |
1726 | 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 | |
1727 | (ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 | |
1728 | (tion is e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) | |
1729 | 2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H | |
1730 | 2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E | |
1731 | (AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F | |
1732 | (special properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 | |
1733 | G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 | |
1734 | 558 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) | |
1735 | .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 | |
1736 | (ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 570 S(ME).2 E F0 | |
1737 | 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) | |
1738 | .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 | |
1739 | (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 582 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G | |
1740 | 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A | |
1741 | F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) | |
1742 | -2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 | |
1743 | (at line number)144 594 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 | |
1744 | (]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G | |
1745 | 1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F | |
1746 | (this information.)144 606 Q F1(GR)108 618 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 | |
1747 | (An array v)144 630 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ | |
1748 | ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E | |
1749 | .571(ments to)144 642 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 | |
1750 | -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 | |
1751 | (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 | |
1752 | (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1753 | 3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E | |
1754 | (subsequently reset.)144 654 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 666 Q F0 .356 | |
1755 | (The history number)144 678 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) | |
1756 | -2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 | |
1757 | (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 | |
1758 | (HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F | |
1759 | (loses its special properties, e)144 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G | |
495aee44 | 1760 | 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1761 | (HOSTN)108 702 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 |
1762 | (Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 714 Q | |
1763 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac CR |
1764 | %%Page: 13 13 |
1765 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1766 | BP | |
1767 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1768 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1769 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1770 | SF(HOSTTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquel\ | |
1771 | y describes the type of machine on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 | |
1772 | .223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 108 R(def) | |
1773 | 2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 120 Q F0 1.408(Each\ | |
1774 | time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ | |
1775 | ber representing the)144 132 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ | |
1776 | arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 144 R .079 | |
1777 | (When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 156 R .307 | |
1778 | (alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E | |
1779 | /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its) | |
1780 | 2.556 F(special properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 | |
1781 | (fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA) | |
1782 | 108 180 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ | |
1783 | y describes the system type on which)144 192 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899 | |
1784 | (is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 | |
1785 | 204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
1786 | (format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) | |
1787 | 108 216 Q F0 .294(An array v)144 228 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 | |
1788 | (Arrays)2.794 E F0(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F | |
1789 | .293(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 | |
1790 | (iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 | |
1791 | (OLDPWD)108 252 Q F0(The pre)144 264 Q(vious w)-.25 E | |
1792 | (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 | |
1793 | (OPT)108 276 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 288 R 1.627 | |
1794 | (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F | |
1795 | F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 | |
1796 | (SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 300 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) | |
1797 | 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 312 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 324 R 4.152 | |
1798 | (xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F | |
1799 | 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
1800 | 4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 336 | |
1801 | S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 | |
1802 | 348 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ | |
1803 | g system on which)144 360 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) | |
1804 | -.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 372 Q(ault is system-dependent.) | |
1805 | -.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 384 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 | |
1806 | 396 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 | |
1807 | (w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 | |
1808 | (alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 408 Q -.15 | |
1809 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E | |
17345e5a | 1810 | (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 1811 | (PPID)108 420 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 420 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G |
17345e5a | 1812 | 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E |
a0c0a00f | 1813 | F1(PWD)108 432 Q F0(The current w)144 432 Q |
17345e5a | 1814 | (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1815 | (RANDOM)108 444 Q F0 .565 |
1816 | (Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 456 R .566 | |
1817 | (ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 | |
1818 | (sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 468 | |
1819 | R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) | |
ac50fbac | 1820 | 4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E |
a0c0a00f | 1821 | (unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
495aee44 | 1822 | (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) |
a0c0a00f | 1823 | -2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 492 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 504 R |
495aee44 | 1824 | F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1825 | -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF |
1826 | 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 | |
1827 | E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 516 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 | |
1828 | (READLINE_POINT)108 528 Q F0 .314 | |
1829 | (The position of the insertion point in the)144 540 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G | |
495aee44 | 1830 | (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
1831 | .313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 |
1832 | (SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 552 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) | |
1833 | 2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 564 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 | |
1834 | (Set to the line of input read by the)144 576 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 | |
ac50fbac | 1835 | E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1836 | -.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 588 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ |
1837 | ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 600 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 | |
1838 | (cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 612 R .712 | |
1839 | (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) | |
ac50fbac | 1840 | 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1841 | F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 624 R .408 |
1842 | (alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 | |
1843 | (is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve) | |
0001803f | 1844 | -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
1845 | (ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 648 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 660 S |
1846 | .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) | |
495aee44 | 1847 | 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1848 | (gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 672 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F |
1849 | F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 | |
1850 | (SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E | |
1851 | 3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 684 R F2 | |
1852 | (SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F F3(on)2.749 E F0 | |
1853 | (by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G | |
1854 | .019(his v)-2.519 F .019(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E | |
1855 | (when)144 696 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ | |
1856 | the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 | |
1857 | (tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 708 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E | |
1858 | (.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 | |
1859 | Cg EP | |
1860 | %%Page: 14 14 | |
1861 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
1862 | BP | |
1863 | %%EndPageSetup | |
1864 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
1865 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
1866 | SF(SHL)108 84 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 | |
1867 | (Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
1868 | (is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 108 Q F0 | |
1869 | (Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 108 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G | |
17345e5a | 1870 | (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 1871 | E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 124.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 |
17345e5a | 1872 | (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1873 | (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 |
1874 | (alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 136.8 | |
1875 | Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 | |
1876 | 1.192(The v)144 165.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F | |
1877 | 3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 | |
1878 | (l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 | |
1879 | -.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 177.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E | |
1880 | F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 | |
1881 | (for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F | |
1882 | (v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 189.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 | |
1883 | (va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 | |
1884 | F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 | |
1885 | (sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
1886 | 4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 | |
ac50fbac | 1887 | (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) |
a0c0a00f | 1888 | 144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 |
ac50fbac CR |
1889 | (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 |
1890 | (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1891 | 4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 225.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) |
1892 | -.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 | |
1893 | (ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 | |
1894 | (sets the compatibility le)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G | |
1895 | 3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 | |
1896 | F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F | |
1897 | -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 | |
1898 | (correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 249.6 R F1 | |
1899 | (shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 | |
1900 | (w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 261.6 Q F1 | |
1901 | (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 | |
1902 | (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) | |
1903 | -.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 | |
1904 | (If this parameter is set when)144 285.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) | |
1905 | 3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 | |
1906 | (alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 | |
1907 | (containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 297.6 R/F2 10 | |
1908 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 | |
1909 | (he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G | |
1910 | (SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 309.6 | |
1911 | R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 | |
1912 | (xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 321.6 Q | |
1913 | F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 1914 | (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) |
a0c0a00f CR |
1915 | 108 333.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 345.6 |
1916 | R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 | |
1917 | F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F | |
1918 | (-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 357.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) | |
495aee44 | 1919 | 5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) |
ac50fbac | 1920 | -.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
1921 | 369.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) |
1922 | 2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 | |
1923 | G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ | |
1924 | empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) | |
1925 | 144 381.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA) | |
1926 | 144 393.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ | |
1927 | \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F | |
1928 | (standard error being closed.)144 405.6 Q F1(CDP)108 417.6 Q -.95(AT) | |
1929 | -.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 429.6 R F1(cd)3.747 | |
1930 | E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 | |
1931 | (is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 | |
1932 | (shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 441.6 R | |
1933 | F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 | |
1934 | (alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 453.6 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 465.6 | |
1935 | Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 477.6 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 | |
1936 | F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 | |
1937 | (ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 | |
1938 | 489.6 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 | |
1939 | (OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 | |
1940 | (alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 501.6 Q | |
ac50fbac | 1941 | 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
1942 | F1(COLUMNS)108 513.6 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 525.6 R F1(select)3.328 E |
1943 | F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ | |
1944 | selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 537.6 R 2.007 | |
1945 | (set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 | |
1946 | (option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
1947 | 2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 549.6 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 | |
1948 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 561.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847 | |
1949 | (An array v)144 573.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E | |
1950 | F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) | |
1951 | 3.348 F(in)144 585.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) | |
1952 | -2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see) | |
1953 | -.1 F F1(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E | |
1954 | 2.785(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.) | |
1955 | 144 597.6 Q F1(EMA)108 609.6 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 621.6 Q F1(bash)2.535 | |
1956 | E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 | |
1957 | (vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E | |
1958 | F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F | |
1959 | (shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 633.6 Q(uf)-.2 E | |
1960 | (fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 645.6 Q F0(Similar to) | |
1961 | 144 645.6 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 | |
495aee44 | 1962 | (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
1963 | 2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 657.6 Q F0 2.717(Ac) |
1964 | 144 669.6 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 | |
1965 | -.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C | |
1966 | .216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 | |
1967 | (ignored by command search using)144 681.6 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 | |
1968 | E F0 5.116(.F)C .117 | |
1969 | (iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 | |
1970 | (are not considered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 | |
1971 | (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 | |
1972 | (xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 705.6 S(TH)-.21 E F0 | |
1973 | 2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) | |
1974 | -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 | |
1975 | 2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F | |
1976 | (pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 | |
1977 | 717.6 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 | |
1978 | (ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 729.6 | |
1979 | R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 | |
1980 | (cutable bit set, b).15 F 1.37(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 | |
1981 | (cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 | |
1982 | 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(14)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
ac50fbac | 1983 | %%Page: 15 15 |
17345e5a JA |
1984 | %%BeginPageSetup |
1985 | BP | |
1986 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
1987 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
1988 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E | |
1989 | (honors the setting of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extglob)2.5 E | |
1990 | F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 96 Q F0(The def)144 108 Q | |
1991 | (ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 | |
1992 | E F1(FIGNORE)108 120 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 132 S .098 | |
1993 | (olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 | |
1994 | (es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 | |
1995 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 144 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F | |
1996 | .204(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205 | |
1997 | (\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 | |
1998 | (is e)2.455 F .205(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) | |
1999 | 144 156 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF | |
2000 | (".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 168 Q F0 .231 | |
2001 | (If set to a numeric v)144 180 R .231 | |
2002 | (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F | |
2003 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E | |
2004 | (cations that e)144 192 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2005 | 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 | |
2006 | (GLOBIGNORE)108 204 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 216 S .618(olon-separated list of\ | |
2007 | patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e) | |
2008 | -3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 228 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 | |
2009 | (lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 | |
2010 | (xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F2 | |
2011 | (GLOBIGNORE)144 240 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E | |
2012 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 | |
2013 | (HISTCONTR)108 252 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 264 S .153 | |
2014 | (olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F | |
2015 | 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 | |
2016 | G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) | |
2017 | 5.153 F .491(of v)144 276 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 | |
2018 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 | |
2019 | (ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 | |
2020 | (character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 | |
2021 | G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 288 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 | |
2022 | (alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 | |
2023 | (causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 | |
2024 | (vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 | |
2025 | (Av)144 300 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 | |
2026 | .459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) | |
2027 | 2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 | |
2028 | (lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 | |
2029 | (all pre)144 312 R .698 | |
2030 | (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
2031 | 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F | |
2032 | (sa)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 | |
2033 | (alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 | |
2034 | (ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 | |
2035 | (is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 336 S .441(alid v) | |
2036 | -3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F | |
2037 | -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 | |
2038 | (he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 | |
2039 | (HISTIGNORE)144 348 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ | |
2040 | f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F | |
2041 | (tested, and are added to the history re)144 360 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G | |
2042 | (rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) | |
2043 | A F1(HISTFILE)108 372 Q F0 .181 | |
2044 | (The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 384 R -.15 | |
2045 | (ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) | |
2046 | -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) | |
2047 | -.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 396 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 | |
2048 | (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 | |
2049 | (dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 408 Q F0 | |
2050 | 1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 | |
2051 | 420 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 | |
2052 | (va)144 432 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) | |
2053 | .25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 | |
2054 | (ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 444 Q | |
2055 | .871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ | |
2056 | ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 | |
2057 | 456 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 | |
2058 | (alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 | |
2059 | (Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 468 R | |
ac50fbac CR |
2060 | 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 |
2061 | (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2062 | -.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 480 Q F0(after reading an) |
2063 | 2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 | |
2064 | 2.657(Ac)144 504 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ | |
2065 | which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G | |
2066 | 2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 516 R .708 | |
2067 | (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 | |
2068 | (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 | |
2069 | (\(no implicit `)144 528 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 | |
2070 | (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 | |
2071 | (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 | |
2072 | 540 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 | |
0001803f | 2073 | (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2074 | F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 552 R 2.514(vious history line.) |
2075 | -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 | |
2076 | (ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 564 | |
2077 | Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F | |
495aee44 | 2078 | .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2079 | 1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 576 R |
2080 | -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 | |
2081 | (HISTIGNORE)3.77 E F4(.)A F0 | |
2082 | (The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 588 Q F1(extglob)2.5 | |
2083 | E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.387 | |
2084 | (The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 612 | |
2085 | R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) | |
2086 | -.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 624 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) | |
ac50fbac CR |
2087 | .25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 |
2088 | (he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 | |
a0c0a00f | 2089 | (alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 636 T .437 |
ac50fbac CR |
2090 | (ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 |
2091 | G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 | |
2092 | (The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2093 | (to 500 after reading an)144 648 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E |
2094 | F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 672 R .951 | |
ac50fbac | 2095 | (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 |
a0c0a00f | 2096 | (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 |
ac50fbac | 2097 | (\(3\) to print the)B .673 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2098 | (time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 684 |
2099 | R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) | |
ac50fbac | 2100 | 3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 |
a0c0a00f | 2101 | (set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 696 R |
17345e5a | 2102 | 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 |
ac50fbac | 2103 | (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
2104 | character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 708 Q |
2105 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(15)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2106 | %%Page: 16 16 | |
2107 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2108 | BP | |
2109 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2110 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2111 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2112 | SF(HOME)108 84 Q F0 1.27 | |
2113 | (The home directory of the current user; the def)144 96 R 1.27(ault ar) | |
2114 | -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 | |
2115 | (iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 108 S(lue of this v).25 E | |
2116 | (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
2117 | (HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 | |
2118 | (Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 | |
2119 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 | |
2120 | (that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 | |
2121 | (needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 | |
17345e5a | 2122 | (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F |
a0c0a00f | 2123 | 1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 |
ac50fbac | 2124 | (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 |
a0c0a00f | 2125 | (alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 |
ac50fbac | 2126 | (adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2127 | -2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
2128 | (HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 | |
2129 | (alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 | |
2130 | (bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 | |
2131 | .518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 | |
2132 | 192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 | |
2133 | (is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) | |
2134 | 144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E | |
2135 | F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 | |
2136 | (xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) | |
2137 | .1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E | |
2138 | (The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E | |
2139 | (wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 | |
2140 | (Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
2141 | .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 | |
ac50fbac | 2142 | (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) |
a0c0a00f | 2143 | 144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 |
17345e5a | 2144 | (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 |
ac50fbac | 2145 | (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 |
a0c0a00f | 2146 | (on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G |
17345e5a JA |
2147 | 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 |
2148 | (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 | |
a0c0a00f | 2149 | (umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) |
ac50fbac | 2150 | -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2151 | F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 |
2152 | (INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) | |
ac50fbac | 2153 | 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
2154 | 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) |
2155 | -.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 | |
2156 | E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R | |
ac50fbac CR |
2157 | 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 |
2158 | (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2159 | (starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .974 |
2160 | (This v)144 360 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 | |
2161 | (rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) | |
2162 | 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G | |
2163 | .973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 | |
2164 | (LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ | |
ac50fbac | 2165 | ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) |
a0c0a00f | 2166 | -.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465 |
ac50fbac CR |
2167 | (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G |
2168 | 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2169 | 420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0 |
2170 | 1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936 | |
495aee44 | 2171 | (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2172 | 1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q |
2173 | (xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E | |
2174 | F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ | |
ac50fbac | 2175 | ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2176 | 108 492 Q F0(This v)144 504 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E |
2177 | (gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v) | |
2178 | 144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E | |
2179 | (gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0 | |
2180 | .055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ | |
2181 | o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 | |
2182 | (Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 | |
ac50fbac | 2183 | (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2184 | (hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 |
2185 | SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 1.201 | |
2186 | (If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576 | |
2187 | R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 | |
ac50fbac | 2188 | (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 2189 | (informs the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 |
495aee44 | 2190 | (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2191 | (-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098 |
2192 | (Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) | |
ac50fbac | 2193 | -2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) |
495aee44 CR |
2194 | 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 |
2195 | (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2196 | mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F |
2197 | (or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ | |
2198 | l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q | |
2199 | -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2200 | (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 |
2201 | (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) | |
a0c0a00f | 2202 | 144 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ |
ac50fbac | 2203 | \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ |
a0c0a00f | 2204 | with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 684 Q(xt of the message,) |
ac50fbac CR |
2205 | -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G |
2206 | (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f | 2207 | (MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) |
ac50fbac | 2208 | -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H |
a0c0a00f CR |
2209 | (ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .015 |
2210 | (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 | |
2211 | (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 | |
2212 | (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ | |
2213 | ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q | |
2214 | (ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
2215 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(16)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2216 | %%Page: 17 17 | |
2217 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2218 | BP | |
2219 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2220 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2221 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2222 | SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 96 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1 | |
2223 | (bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1 | |
2224 | (getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 | |
2225 | /Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS) | |
2226 | -.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 | |
2227 | (is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 | |
2228 | (ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) | |
2229 | .15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 | |
2230 | (The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587 | |
17345e5a | 2231 | (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2232 | 5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) |
2233 | 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 | |
2234 | (zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S | |
2235 | .536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 | |
2236 | (indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 | |
2237 | (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) | |
2238 | -3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 | |
2239 | (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) | |
2240 | -.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C | |
2241 | (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF | |
2242 | (/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 Q | |
2243 | F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 216 R | |
2244 | .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 | |
2245 | E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 | |
2246 | (posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 | |
2247 | (the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 | |
0001803f | 2248 | (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2249 | (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 |
2250 | E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) | |
2251 | -2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 | |
2252 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 252 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 | |
2253 | (If set, the v)144 264 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
ac50fbac | 2254 | (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2255 | 108 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 |
2256 | (If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 288 R .676 | |
0001803f | 2257 | (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 |
a0c0a00f | 2258 | (nents to retain when e)144 300 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 |
0001803f | 2259 | E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) |
ac50fbac | 2260 | 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2261 | (Characters remo)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G |
2262 | (re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 324 Q F0 1.174(The v) | |
2263 | 144 324 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) | |
2264 | -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 | |
2265 | (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2266 | (shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 336 Q | |
2267 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .065(The v)144 348 R | |
2268 | .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) | |
2269 | 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 | |
2270 | (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 360 R | |
0001803f | 2271 | (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 |
a0c0a00f | 2272 | -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .117(The v)144 372 R .117 |
ac50fbac CR |
2273 | (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) |
2274 | 2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2275 | 5.118 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G |
2276 | (.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 396 R 1.115 | |
0001803f | 2277 | (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2278 | 3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) |
2279 | 144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 .1 | |
2280 | (The v)144 420 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 | |
2281 | (xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 | |
2282 | (alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .292 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2283 | (displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F |
2284 | .292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 | |
a0c0a00f | 2285 | (is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 444 Q 2.5(,t) |
0001803f CR |
2286 | -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G |
2287 | (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2288 | -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .663 |
2289 | (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 468 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F | |
ac50fbac | 2290 | .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 |
a0c0a00f | 2291 | (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 |
17345e5a | 2292 | (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2293 | G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 |
2294 | 504 R .826 | |
17345e5a | 2295 | (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F |
ac50fbac | 2296 | 3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 |
a0c0a00f | 2297 | (pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
2298 | (reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F |
2299 | (The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 | |
a0c0a00f | 2300 | (an escape sequence that is e)144 528 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F |
ac50fbac | 2301 | .711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2302 | (and their meanings are as follo)144 540 Q |
2303 | (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 558 Q F0 2.5 | |
2304 | (Al)194 558 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 570 Q F4(p)A F1 | |
2305 | (][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 570 Q F1(%[)144 582 Q F4(p) | |
2306 | A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 582 Q | |
2307 | F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 | |
2308 | (The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 594 Q F1(%P)144 606 | |
2309 | Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 606 Q .87 | |
2310 | (The optional)144 622.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) | |
2311 | 3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 | |
ac50fbac | 2312 | (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) |
a0c0a00f | 2313 | 144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 |
ac50fbac CR |
2314 | (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 |
2315 | (At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 | |
a0c0a00f | 2316 | (decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 |
ac50fbac | 2317 | (p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2318 | F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 658.8 Q |
2319 | (alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 2320 | .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2321 | F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) |
2322 | 3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 2323 | (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 |
a0c0a00f | 2324 | (If this v)144 704.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 |
ac50fbac | 2325 | E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) |
a0c0a00f | 2326 | 144 716.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 |
ac50fbac CR |
2327 | (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 |
2328 | (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2329 | 728.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E |
2330 | (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E | |
2331 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2332 | %%Page: 18 18 | |
2333 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2334 | BP | |
2335 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2336 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2337 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
2338 | SF(TMOUT)108 84 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 96 R .941 | |
2339 | (alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 | |
2340 | .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 | |
2341 | -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 108 Q F1 | |
2342 | (select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 | |
2343 | F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 | |
2344 | (seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R | |
2345 | .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 | |
2346 | F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 | |
2347 | 132 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F | |
2348 | F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) | |
2349 | -.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 | |
2350 | 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 168 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2351 | R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 |
2352 | (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2353 | (creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 |
2354 | G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 204 R | |
2355 | .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 | |
ac50fbac | 2356 | (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 |
a0c0a00f | 2357 | (If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 216 R |
17345e5a | 2358 | .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ |
a0c0a00f | 2359 | for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .367(isting stopped job) |
ac50fbac CR |
2360 | .15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 |
2361 | (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F | |
2362 | 1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2363 | 240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 |
2364 | (of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.133 | |
17345e5a | 2365 | (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) |
ac50fbac CR |
2366 | 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 |
2367 | (he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2368 | (match the name of a stopped job e)144 264 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 |
2369 | F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 | |
ac50fbac | 2370 | (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 |
a0c0a00f | 2371 | (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 276 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) |
ac50fbac | 2372 | -5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2373 | (vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 |
2374 | .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E | |
2375 | F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) | |
ac50fbac | 2376 | -.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 |
a0c0a00f | 2377 | (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 300 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 |
ac50fbac | 2378 | (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2379 | F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E |
2380 | F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) | |
2381 | -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 | |
2382 | (xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR) | |
2383 | -.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 | |
2384 | (w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2385 | (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G |
2386 | 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2387 | 144 360 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 |
2388 | (second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G | |
2389 | (ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 | |
2390 | (hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 | |
ac50fbac | 2391 | (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2392 | (ing one string for another in the command.)144 384 R .575(The def)5.575 |
2393 | F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 | |
2394 | (optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ | |
2395 | that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ | |
2396 | char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.293 | |
2397 | (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 | |
ac50fbac | 2398 | (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 |
a0c0a00f | 2399 | (skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 |
ac50fbac | 2400 | (It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2401 | (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 432 Q F1(Arrays)87 448.8 Q(Bash) |
2402 | 108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) | |
ac50fbac CR |
2403 | -.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H |
2404 | .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 | |
a0c0a00f | 2405 | (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 472.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
ac50fbac CR |
2406 | 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 |
2407 | (bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 | |
2408 | F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F | |
a0c0a00f | 2409 | .328(an array)108 484.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) |
ac50fbac CR |
2410 | -.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
2411 | 2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F | |
2412 | 5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2413 | (rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R |
2414 | 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 | |
2415 | (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 | |
2416 | H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 | |
2417 | 508.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G | |
2418 | (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 | |
2419 | (ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) | |
2420 | -.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F | |
2421 | 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F | |
2422 | F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A | |
2423 | F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 | |
2424 | (is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 | |
2425 | F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 | |
2426 | E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2427 | G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 | |
2428 | E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 | |
2429 | (SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E | |
2430 | (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 561.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 | |
2431 | E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 | |
2432 | (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15 | |
2433 | (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 | |
2434 | G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .941 | |
2435 | (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) | |
2436 | -.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G | |
2437 | (adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) | |
2438 | -.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 | |
2439 | (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 624 R | |
2440 | F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 | |
2441 | (... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) | |
2442 | -4.148 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 | |
2443 | (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 | |
2444 | G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 | |
2445 | (ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 | |
2446 | (When assigning to inde)108 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 | |
ac50fbac | 2447 | (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2448 | (ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 |
2449 | (sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R | |
2450 | 3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 | |
2451 | (he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 | |
2452 | (ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 672 Q | |
2453 | (xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q | |
2454 | .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) | |
2455 | -2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar) | |
2456 | 2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 | |
2457 | (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 | |
2458 | 717.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 | |
2459 | (syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 | |
ac50fbac | 2460 | (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2461 | -4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) |
2462 | 4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 | |
2463 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 | |
2464 | (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H | |
2465 | 2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E | |
2466 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2467 | %%Page: 19 19 | |
2468 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2469 | BP | |
2470 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2471 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2472 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of)108 84 Q/F1 10 | |
2473 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2474 | -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 |
2475 | (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 | |
2476 | (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2477 | G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q |
2478 | 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) | |
2479 | -3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 | |
2480 | (braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 | |
2481 | (con\215icts with pathname e)108 124.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 | |
2482 | (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) | |
2483 | 4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F | |
2484 | 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 | |
2485 | (These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 | |
2486 | (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 | |
2487 | (ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B | |
2488 | .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 | |
17345e5a | 2489 | (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2490 | 1.374(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 |
2491 | (special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 | |
2492 | ([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 | |
2493 | (to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 | |
2494 | (there are no array members, ${)108 172.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B | |
2495 | 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F | |
2496 | 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 | |
2497 | (ord, the e)-.1 F .759 | |
17345e5a | 2498 | (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2499 | (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 |
2500 | 196.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ | |
2501 | t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 | |
2502 | F .227(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 | |
2503 | F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 | |
2504 | (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 | |
2505 | (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 220.8 | |
2506 | S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A | |
2507 | F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) | |
2508 | 3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 | |
2509 | (xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 232.8 | |
2510 | R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 | |
2511 | .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
2512 | 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 | |
2513 | (luates to a number).25 F .629 | |
2514 | (less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .929 -.15(ve t) | |
2515 | -.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F | |
2516 | 3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G | |
2517 | 3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
2518 | (indices count back from the end of the array)108 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G | |
2519 | (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G | |
2520 | (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 | |
2521 | 273.6 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
2522 | .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) | |
2523 | 108 285.6 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 | |
2524 | E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E | |
2525 | F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 302.4 | |
2526 | Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E | |
2527 | 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E | |
2528 | .418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() | |
2529 | .15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 | |
2530 | (alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 | |
2531 | (!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .749 | |
2532 | (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) | |
ac50fbac | 2533 | 3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2534 | (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 |
2535 | 343.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 | |
2536 | E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.767 | |
2537 | E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G | |
2538 | (rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A | |
ac50fbac | 2539 | F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) |
a0c0a00f | 2540 | -.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) |
ac50fbac CR |
2541 | -6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F |
2542 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 | |
2543 | (rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 | |
2544 | (.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2545 | 384 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 |
2546 | (fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 | |
2547 | (name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 | |
2548 | (is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 | |
2549 | (name)108 396 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E | |
2550 | F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E | |
2551 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 | |
2552 | 412.8 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C | |
2553 | (nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 | |
2554 | (iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 | |
2555 | (option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 | |
2556 | (rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 | |
2557 | (option to specify an associati)108 424.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) | |
2558 | .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) | |
2559 | -2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) | |
2560 | 5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 | |
2561 | (accepts a)108 436.8 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 | |
495aee44 CR |
2562 | (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 |
2563 | (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2564 | -5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 |
2565 | (bu)108 448.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E | |
2566 | (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 | |
2567 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 465.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ | |
2568 | rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 477.6 R 3.26 | |
495aee44 | 2569 | (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2570 | (inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 |
2571 | (br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) | |
2572 | 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 | |
2573 | (ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 | |
2574 | (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 501.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) | |
2575 | 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 | |
2576 | E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 | |
2577 | E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 | |
ac50fbac | 2578 | (xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 |
a0c0a00f | 2579 | (ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S |
ac50fbac CR |
2580 | .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F |
2581 | .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2582 | -.15 E(sion.)108 542.4 Q .257 |
2583 | (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 559.2 R | |
2584 | .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 | |
ac50fbac | 2585 | (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 |
a0c0a00f | 2586 | E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G |
ac50fbac | 2587 | (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2588 | -.15 E .002(After these e)108 588 R .003 |
2589 | (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) | |
2590 | -.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 | |
2591 | (nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 600 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H | |
2592 | (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 | |
2593 | E F0(\).)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 616.8 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 | |
ac50fbac | 2594 | (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2595 | (xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 |
2596 | (ex)108 628.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F | |
2597 | 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 | |
2598 | (ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) | |
2599 | -.15 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") | |
2600 | -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G | |
2601 | (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G | |
2602 | (RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 657.6 | |
2603 | Q F1(Br)108.58 669.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 | |
17345e5a | 2604 | (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2605 | .606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 681.6 Q F1 .415 |
2606 | (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 | |
17345e5a JA |
2607 | (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F |
2608 | .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G | |
a0c0a00f | 2609 | (he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 693.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) |
17345e5a JA |
2610 | -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 |
2611 | (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2612 | F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 705.6 R |
2613 | .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G | |
2614 | .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 | |
2615 | (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ | |
2616 | ch resulting string, e)108 717.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) | |
2617 | 108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(19)192.055 E | |
2618 | 0 Cg EP | |
2619 | %%Page: 20 20 | |
2620 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2621 | BP | |
2622 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2623 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2624 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718(Brace e)108 | |
2625 | 84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) | |
2626 | 5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 | |
2627 | F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 | |
2628 | /Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C | |
2629 | (xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 112.8 S .743(equence e) | |
2630 | -3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E | |
2631 | /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A | |
2632 | F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 | |
2633 | .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) | |
2634 | 108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 | |
2635 | (ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 | |
2636 | (hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 | |
2637 | (xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 | |
2638 | 136.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) | |
2639 | -2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 | |
2640 | (gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 | |
2641 | (to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 | |
2642 | (same width.)108 148.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) | |
2643 | 2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ | |
495aee44 | 2644 | empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 |
a0c0a00f | 2645 | (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R |
495aee44 | 2646 | 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2647 | (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) |
2648 | .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E | |
2649 | F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G | |
2650 | 1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 | |
2651 | (that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 | |
2652 | (must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 | |
ac50fbac | 2653 | (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2654 | -.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E |
2655 | (ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 213.6 | |
2656 | R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 | |
2657 | (ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 | |
2658 | (haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 | |
2659 | (are preserv)108 225.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 | |
2660 | (It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 | |
2661 | (does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 | |
2662 | (yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q | |
0001803f | 2663 | (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) |
a0c0a00f | 2664 | -.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 |
ac50fbac | 2665 | (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ |
a0c0a00f | 2666 | t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 |
ac50fbac | 2667 | (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2668 | (ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 |
2669 | (unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 2670 | .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2671 | (nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 |
2672 | (sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 | |
0001803f | 2673 | (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2674 | F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F |
2675 | (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 302.4 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ | |
ac50fbac | 2676 | as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2677 | 108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H |
2678 | (ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 348 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G | |
2679 | (dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q | |
0001803f | 2680 | (wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) |
a0c0a00f | 2681 | -.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 |
17345e5a | 2682 | (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F |
ac50fbac | 2683 | .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2684 | (does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 |
2685 | (ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G | |
2686 | .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 | |
2687 | (es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 | |
17345e5a JA |
2688 | (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 |
2689 | (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 | |
ac50fbac | 2690 | (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2691 | 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .514 |
2692 | (appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 | |
2693 | (ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) | |
2694 | 3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 | |
2695 | (If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 | |
2696 | (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 | |
2697 | (+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 | |
2698 | (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 | |
2699 | (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E | |
495aee44 | 2700 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2701 | 87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.086(ord be) |
2702 | -.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 | |
2703 | 1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ | |
495aee44 | 2704 | slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
2705 | ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 |
2706 | (fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ | |
2707 | \214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R | |
2708 | .726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q | |
2709 | .523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 | |
17345e5a | 2710 | (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) |
a0c0a00f CR |
2711 | -3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 |
2712 | 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 | |
2713 | (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 | |
2714 | (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ | |
17345e5a | 2715 | ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ |
a0c0a00f CR |
2716 | with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 |
2717 | (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 | |
2718 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 | |
2719 | (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) | |
2720 | 5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 | |
2721 | (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 | |
2722 | .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) | |
2723 | 5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 | |
2724 | (tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 | |
2725 | E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 | |
2726 | (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ | |
17345e5a | 2727 | ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2728 | 590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) |
2729 | 108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G | |
2730 | .455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F | |
2731 | .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 | |
17345e5a JA |
2732 | (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F |
2733 | (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) | |
a0c0a00f | 2734 | 108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G |
17345e5a | 2735 | (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E |
a0c0a00f | 2736 | (ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 |
17345e5a | 2737 | (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) |
495aee44 | 2738 | -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2739 | F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E |
2740 | .468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) | |
2741 | -.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 | |
2742 | (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 | |
2743 | Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G | |
2744 | (H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 | |
2745 | (,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E | |
2746 | F1 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 700.8 R | |
2747 | F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F | |
2748 | 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 | |
2749 | (xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 712.8 R | |
2750 | .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 | |
2751 | (ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 | |
2752 | (tect the v)108 724.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 | |
2753 | (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 | |
2754 | (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
2755 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2756 | %%Page: 21 21 | |
2757 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2758 | BP | |
2759 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2760 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2761 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the name.)108 | |
2762 | 84 Q 1.19 | |
17345e5a | 2763 | (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2764 | 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 |
2765 | (ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 | |
2766 | (quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R 2.15 | |
2767 | (xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S | |
2768 | (pansion.).15 E(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 | |
2769 | E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 153.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E | |
2770 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 | |
2771 | (The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2772 | 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 | |
2773 | (parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)4.014 E | |
495aee44 | 2774 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2775 | (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 |
2776 | (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) | |
2777 | 5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) | |
2778 | 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 189.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) | |
ac50fbac | 2779 | C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2780 | (\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E |
2781 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F | |
2782 | F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) | |
2783 | 2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G | |
2784 | (ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 | |
2785 | (lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) | |
2786 | 5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 | |
2787 | (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2788 | .134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 230.4 R 1.003 | |
2789 | (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 | |
2790 | (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 | |
2791 | (alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 | |
2792 | (rather than the v)108 242.4 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.095 E | |
2793 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 | |
2794 | (wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 | |
2795 | (.I)C(f)-5.594 E F2(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) | |
2796 | 3.094 F .477(this e)108 254.4 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F | |
2797 | .477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 | |
2798 | (instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 266.4 | |
2799 | R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 | |
2800 | (ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 | |
2801 | (pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F1(!)A F2 | |
2802 | (name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 278.4 Q 3.8 -.65 | |
2803 | (w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E | |
2804 | 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E | |
2805 | .334(In each of the cases belo)108 295.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E | |
495aee44 | 2806 | (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 |
0001803f | 2807 | (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2808 | F(and arithmetic e)108 307.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 |
2809 | (When not performing substring e)108 324 R 1.089 | |
ac50fbac CR |
2810 | (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G |
2811 | (e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 | |
a0c0a00f | 2812 | (tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 336 Q(Omittin\ |
ac50fbac | 2813 | g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
2814 | (${)108 352.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) |
2815 | A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 364.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 | |
2816 | E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F | |
2817 | .723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) | |
2818 | 3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 376.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 | |
2819 | (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 388.8 Q F2 | |
2820 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 | |
2821 | (Assign Default V)144 400.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 | |
ac50fbac | 2822 | (par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2823 | 2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 |
2824 | (is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 412.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 | |
2825 | G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 2826 | .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 |
17345e5a | 2827 | (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2828 | (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 424.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E |
2829 | (${)108 436.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A | |
2830 | F1 .535(Display Err)144 448.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 | |
2831 | (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 | |
2832 | (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E | |
2833 | (d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 460.8 R | |
2834 | .661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ | |
2835 | written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F | |
2836 | (interacti)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) | |
2837 | -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2838 | (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 484.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 | |
2839 | (wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 496.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F | |
2840 | (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2841 | .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F | |
2842 | (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 508.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
2843 | (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 520.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 | |
2844 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 | |
2845 | (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) | |
2846 | 144 544.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 | |
2847 | E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E | |
ac50fbac | 2848 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2849 | (character speci\214ed by)144 556.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 |
2850 | (.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E | |
ac50fbac | 2851 | F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2852 | G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) |
2853 | 3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 568.8 Q | |
ac50fbac | 2854 | 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 |
a0c0a00f | 2855 | (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) |
ac50fbac | 2856 | 3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 |
a0c0a00f CR |
2857 | (substring of the v)144 580.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E |
2858 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F | |
2859 | F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) | |
2860 | -.15 F .846(end of the v)144 592.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 | |
2861 | (and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F | |
2862 | .847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) | |
2863 | 3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 604.8 Q | |
2864 | (w\).)-.25 E(If)144 628.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 | |
2865 | G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 | |
ac50fbac | 2866 | (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2867 | .045(end of the v)144 640.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) |
2868 | -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G | |
ac50fbac | 2869 | .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
2870 | (of)144 652.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F |
2871 | .202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 | |
2872 | (rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 664.8 R | |
2873 | .557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E | |
ac50fbac CR |
2874 | F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) |
2875 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2876 | F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 676.8 Q -.2 |
2877 | (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
2878 | (pansion.).15 E(If)144 700.8 Q F2(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 | |
2879 | E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 | |
2880 | E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) | |
ac50fbac | 2881 | 2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 |
a0c0a00f | 2882 | (ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 712.8 R .095 |
ac50fbac CR |
2883 | (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 |
2884 | (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 | |
2885 | G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) | |
2886 | .25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2887 | (the last positional parameter)144 724.8 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) |
2888 | -6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) | |
2889 | -3.972 F F2(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 | |
2890 | (luates to a number less than).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
2891 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
2892 | %%Page: 22 22 | |
2893 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
2894 | BP | |
2895 | %%EndPageSetup | |
2896 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
2897 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(zero.)144 84 Q(If) | |
2898 | 144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514 | |
2899 | (is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 | |
2900 | (rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) | |
2901 | 3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 120 R 1.082 | |
2902 | (ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 | |
2903 | E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 | |
2904 | (of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F | |
2905 | 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 | |
2906 | (than the maximum inde)144 132 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 | |
2907 | (he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 | |
2908 | (sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) | |
2909 | 3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) | |
2910 | 144 144 Q(Substring e)144 168 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E | |
2911 | .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 | |
2912 | (Substring inde)144 192 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ | |
2913 | l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 204 Q .306 | |
2914 | (xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) | |
2915 | -.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 | |
2916 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E | |
2917 | (to the list.)144 216 Q(${)108 232.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 | |
2918 | (*)A F0(})A(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 | |
2919 | .085(Names matching pr)144 256.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 | |
2920 | (xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F | |
2921 | .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) | |
2922 | -2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 268.8 R/F3 9 | |
2923 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 | |
2924 | (ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F | |
2925 | .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 280.8 Q | |
2926 | (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 | |
2927 | 297.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1 | |
2928 | (name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 321.6 R(eys) | |
2929 | -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) | |
2930 | 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 | |
2931 | (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E | |
2932 | .595(assigned in)144 333.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 | |
2933 | (name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 | |
2934 | (xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 | |
2935 | (is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 345.6 Q F0 | |
495aee44 CR |
2936 | (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) |
2937 | -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 2938 | 362.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 374.4 S .471 |
495aee44 CR |
2939 | (rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 |
2940 | (he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) | |
2941 | 2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) | |
a0c0a00f | 2942 | 4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 386.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) |
495aee44 | 2943 | 3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 |
17345e5a | 2944 | (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) |
ac50fbac | 2945 | 6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 |
a0c0a00f | 2946 | (array name subscripted by)144 398.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) |
ac50fbac CR |
2947 | 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 |
2948 | (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 | |
a0c0a00f | 2949 | (.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 410.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 |
ac50fbac CR |
2950 | (is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 |
2951 | (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 | |
2952 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 | |
a0c0a00f | 2953 | (hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 422.4 R 1.273 |
ac50fbac CR |
2954 | -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) |
2955 | -3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
2956 | 3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2957 | -.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) |
2958 | 144 434.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 | |
2959 | G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 451.2 Q F1 | |
2960 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 463.2 Q F1 | |
2961 | (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 475.2 | |
2962 | Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F | |
2963 | (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 | |
2964 | (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F | |
2965 | .152(name e)144 487.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 | |
2966 | (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 | |
2967 | (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 | |
2968 | (hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 499.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) | |
2969 | -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 | |
2970 | E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 | |
2971 | (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) | |
2972 | 144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) | |
2973 | .74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E | |
2974 | F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) | |
2975 | 144 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 | |
17345e5a | 2976 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) |
a0c0a00f | 2977 | -3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 535.2 R |
ac50fbac | 2978 | (If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F |
17345e5a | 2979 | .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) |
ac50fbac CR |
2980 | 2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 |
2981 | (lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
2982 | (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 547.2 Q |
2983 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 564 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
2984 | -.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 | |
2985 | E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H | |
2986 | .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 | |
2987 | (wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 | |
2988 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 | |
2989 | S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 | |
17345e5a JA |
2990 | (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) |
2991 | -.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 | |
a0c0a00f | 2992 | G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 612 R .226 |
17345e5a JA |
2993 | (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 |
2994 | (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 | |
a0c0a00f | 2995 | (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 624 S F2 |
ac50fbac CR |
2996 | (%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 |
2997 | (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 | |
2998 | 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E | |
2999 | (ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 3000 | 2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 636 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 |
ac50fbac CR |
3001 | (lo).25 G .441 |
3002 | (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) | |
a0c0a00f | 3003 | -2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 648 R(If) |
ac50fbac CR |
3004 | 5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 |
3005 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E | |
3006 | F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G | |
3007 | (per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3008 | (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 660 |
3009 | Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
3010 | -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 688.8 | |
3011 | S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 | |
3012 | E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 | |
ac50fbac | 3013 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 3014 | (sion.)144 700.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 |
ac50fbac CR |
3015 | (is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) |
3016 | 3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 | |
a0c0a00f | 3017 | (alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 712.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 |
ac50fbac CR |
3018 | E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 |
3019 | 2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 | |
3020 | (are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 | |
a0c0a00f | 3021 | (ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 724.8 R |
ac50fbac CR |
3022 | (If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) |
3023 | 3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3024 | F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
3025 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3026 | %%Page: 23 23 | |
3027 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3028 | BP | |
3029 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3030 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3031 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S | |
3032 | .62(lue of).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3033 | 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F | |
3034 | /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.12 E F0 3.12(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621 | |
3035 | (ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621(xpanded v)-.15 F .621 | |
3036 | (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 96 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E | |
3037 | F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of)3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 | |
3038 | E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/)3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E | |
3039 | (wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be)3.753 F 2.731 | |
3040 | (omitted. If)144 108 R(the)2.731 E F2(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 | |
3041 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 | |
3042 | (ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 | |
3043 | 120 R(If)5.188 E F1(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F2(@)2.688 E | |
3044 | F0(or)2.688 E F2(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 | |
3045 | (he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 | |
3046 | (positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 132 R .446 | |
3047 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F1(par)4.196 E | |
3048 | (ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 | |
3049 | (able subscripted with)144 144 R F2(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F2(*)2.963 E | |
3050 | F0 2.963(,t)C .462 | |
3051 | (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) | |
3052 | -2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 156 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 | |
3053 | E(${)108 172.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${) | |
3054 | 108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 | |
3055 | 196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 208.8 Q | |
3056 | F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437 | |
3057 | (Case modi\214cation)144 220.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 | |
ac50fbac | 3058 | (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3059 | 2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 232.8 Q |
3060 | F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 | |
3061 | (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 | |
3062 | (xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 244.8 | |
3063 | S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
ac50fbac CR |
3064 | F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 |
3065 | (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 3066 | 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 |
ac50fbac CR |
3067 | (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F |
3068 | 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3069 | -.15(ve)144 268.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F |
ac50fbac CR |
3070 | F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 |
3071 | (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3072 | 1.548(letters to lo)144 280.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E |
ac50fbac CR |
3073 | F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F |
3074 | -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3075 | -.15 E -.25(va)144 292.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 |
3076 | E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 | |
3077 | (ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 | |
3078 | (xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 304.8 Q F0 .78 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3079 | (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C |
3080 | .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 | |
3081 | (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 | |
3082 | E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3083 | n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 316.8 R |
3084 | (xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 328.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 | |
ac50fbac | 3085 | (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3086 | (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E |
3087 | F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ | |
3088 | ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 340.8 Q | |
3089 | (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) | |
3090 | -.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 369.6 S .86 | |
3091 | (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 | |
3092 | (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F | |
3093 | F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 381.6 R F1 | |
3094 | (par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F | |
3095 | .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 | |
3096 | E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 | |
3097 | 393.6 Q F2(Q)144 417.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 417.6 R 1.064 | |
3098 | (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) | |
3099 | 3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F | |
3100 | (reused as input.)180 429.6 Q F2(E)144 441.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 441.6 R | |
3101 | .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
3102 | (par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F | |
3103 | -.15(ex)180 453.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 | |
3104 | (quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 465.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 465.6 R | |
3105 | 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 | |
3106 | (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E | |
3107 | F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 477.6 Q F2(PR) | |
3108 | 2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 489.6 Q F0 1.138 | |
3109 | (The e)180 489.6 R 1.138 | |
3110 | (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F | |
3111 | F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 501.6 Q | |
3112 | -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3113 | (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 513.6 Q F0 | |
3114 | (The e)180 513.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E | |
3115 | (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D | |
3116 | (ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 530.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 | |
3117 | (is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 | |
3118 | (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) | |
3119 | -4.08 F -.15(ex)144 542.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F | |
3120 | (If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F | |
3121 | .346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) | |
3122 | 2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ | |
3123 | ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 554.4 | |
3124 | R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 566.4 Q 1.85 | |
3125 | (The result of the e)144 590.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F | |
3126 | 1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) | |
3127 | -.15 F(belo)144 602.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 619.2 | |
3128 | Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 631.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 | |
ac50fbac | 3129 | (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3130 | (There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 643.2 Q F2($\()144 660 Q F1 |
3131 | (command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 672 Q F2<92>144 684 Q F1(command)A F2 | |
3132 | <92>A(Bash)108 700.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 | |
3133 | (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 | |
3134 | .088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) | |
3135 | -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) | |
3136 | 108 712.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) | |
3137 | -.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) | |
3138 | 108 724.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F | |
3139 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) | |
3140 | -.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le) | |
3141 | 2.691 E F2(\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(23) | |
3142 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3143 | %%Page: 24 24 | |
495aee44 CR |
3144 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3145 | BP | |
3146 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3147 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
3148 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E | |
3149 | (can be replaced by the equi)108 84 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f) | |
3150 | -.2 E(aster)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(<)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 | |
3151 | SF(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form \ | |
3152 | of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 | |
3153 | 100.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315(when follo)108 112.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1 | |
3154 | ($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E | |
3155 | F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash ter\ | |
3156 | minates the command sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 124.8 R | |
3157 | 1.386(using the $\()3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 | |
0001803f CR |
3158 | (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G |
3159 | 3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3160 | (mand; none are treated specially)108 136.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 |
3161 | (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 153.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H | |
0001803f | 3162 | .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3163 | (quotes with backslashes.)108 165.6 Q .422 |
3164 | (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 182.4 R .422 | |
0001803f | 3165 | (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3166 | F(on the results.)108 194.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 211.2 Q F0 |
3167 | 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 223.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 | |
495aee44 CR |
3168 | (ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F |
3169 | 1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3170 | (The format for arithmetic e)108 235.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() |
3171 | 144 252 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 268.8 Q | |
ac50fbac CR |
3172 | F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 |
3173 | (is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 | |
3174 | (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 | |
a0c0a00f | 3175 | (treated specially)108 280.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 |
ac50fbac CR |
3176 | (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) |
3177 | -.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 | |
a0c0a00f | 3178 | (tution, and quote remo)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F |
ac50fbac CR |
3179 | 1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 |
3180 | (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3181 | -.15(ex)108 304.8 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 321.6 |
ac50fbac | 3182 | R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 |
495aee44 | 3183 | (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) |
ac50fbac CR |
3184 | -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F |
3185 | (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 3186 | (If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 333.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E |
ac50fbac | 3187 | -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3188 | 2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 350.4 Q |
3189 | (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 362.4 Q .405(ocess substitution) | |
3190 | -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 | |
3191 | (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 | |
3192 | (It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 374.4 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 | |
3193 | (list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E | |
3194 | F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 | |
3195 | (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 | |
3196 | (nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 | |
3197 | (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 386.4 R .148 | |
3198 | (gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 | |
3199 | (xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E | |
3200 | F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 398.4 R .56 | |
3201 | (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G | |
3202 | (he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 | |
3203 | (form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 410.4 Q .308 | |
3204 | (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 | |
3205 | 5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) | |
3206 | -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 422.4 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) | |
3207 | -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 | |
3208 | (method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 439.2 R -.25(va) | |
3209 | -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ | |
3210 | h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E | |
3211 | (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 451.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
3212 | -.75(Wo)87 468 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 | |
3213 | (The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 480 R 1.143 | |
3214 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 | |
3215 | (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 492 Q | |
ac50fbac | 3216 | F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 |
a0c0a00f | 3217 | (The shell treats each character of)108 508.8 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 |
17345e5a JA |
3218 | (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 |
3219 | (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) | |
ac50fbac | 3220 | -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3221 | 108 520.8 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F |
3222 | .207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 | |
3223 | (,)A .837(the def)108 532.8 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 | |
3224 | (<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 | |
3225 | (<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 | |
3226 | (ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 544.8 R .345 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3227 | (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 |
3228 | G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 | |
3229 | (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3230 | -.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 556.8 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 |
3231 | E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 | |
ac50fbac | 3232 | (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3233 | 568.8 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 |
3234 | E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) | |
3235 | -.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 | |
3236 | (ter is in the v)108 580.8 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) | |
3237 | 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E | |
3238 | 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) | |
3239 | 3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 592.8 | |
3240 | R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 | |
3241 | (whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G | |
3242 | .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 | |
3243 | F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 604.8 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 | |
3244 | G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E | |
3245 | (ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 621.6 R 1.927 | |
3246 | (guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G | |
3247 | F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 | |
3248 | (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) | |
3249 | 6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 633.6 R .484 | |
3250 | (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 | |
3251 | (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 | |
3252 | G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 | |
3253 | E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 645.6 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 | |
3254 | (xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 | |
3255 | (gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 | |
3256 | (passed to a command as an empty string.)108 657.6 R .724 | |
3257 | (When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F | |
3258 | .724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S .176 | |
3259 | (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 | |
3260 | (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 | |
3261 | /Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F5<ad64>2.675 | |
3262 | E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 | |
3263 | 681.6 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 | |
3264 | 698.4 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) | |
3265 | 72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3266 | %%Page: 25 25 | |
3267 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3268 | BP | |
3269 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3270 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3271 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3272 | SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 96 R .37 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3273 | (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 |
3274 | (option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F | |
3275 | .371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 | |
3276 | 2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3277 | (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 |
3278 | (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 | |
3279 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677 | |
3280 | (nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 | |
3281 | (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 120 R | |
3282 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G | |
3283 | (atching)-2.812 E F0(belo)2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562 | |
3284 | (no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009(are found, and the shell option) | |
3285 | 108 132 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 | |
ac50fbac | 3286 | (ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 3287 | .008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 144 |
ac50fbac CR |
3288 | R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 |
3289 | (failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 | |
3290 | F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 3291 | 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F |
ac50fbac | 3292 | F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 |
a0c0a00f | 3293 | (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G |
ac50fbac | 3294 | .104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 |
a0c0a00f | 3295 | (When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 180 R .378 |
ac50fbac CR |
3296 | (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 |
3297 | E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 | |
a0c0a00f | 3298 | (wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 192 R(xplicitly)-.15 E |
ac50fbac CR |
3299 | 3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E |
3300 | F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 | |
3301 | (When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 3302 | 204 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) |
ac50fbac CR |
3303 | -.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 |
3304 | G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) | |
3305 | 6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3306 | 216 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 |
3307 | .165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166 | |
3308 | (for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-) | |
3309 | 2.666 E(glob)108 228 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 | |
3310 | (dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 244.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) | |
3311 | 2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 | |
ac50fbac | 3312 | (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3313 | F F2(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E F3(GLO-)2.785 E |
3314 | (BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ | |
3315 | o matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) | |
3316 | 4.566 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 | |
3317 | (rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) | |
3318 | 3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 | |
3319 | (ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 280.8 Q F0 .146 | |
3320 | (is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F | |
3321 | .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E | |
3322 | F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 | |
3323 | (are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 | |
3324 | 292.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 | |
3325 | (ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 | |
3326 | .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) | |
3327 | -.25 F .682(enabling the)108 304.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 | |
3328 | (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) | |
3329 | -.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) | |
3330 | 5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 316.8 Q | |
3331 | 1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F | |
3332 | F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) | |
3333 | -.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 | |
3334 | (one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 | |
3335 | SF(.)A F0(The)108 328.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 | |
3336 | (option is disabled when)3.131 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 | |
3337 | (is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 | |
3338 | F(the)108 340.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 | |
3339 | 357.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 374.4 Q 3.138 | |
3340 | (yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ | |
3341 | ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H | |
3342 | (atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 386.4 R 1.12 | |
3343 | (NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 | |
3344 | (ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 | |
3345 | (escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 398.4 R .576 | |
0001803f | 3346 | (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3347 | -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 410.4 Q(.)-.65 E |
3348 | (The special pattern characters ha)108 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
3349 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 444 Q F0 .376(Matches an) | |
3350 | 180 444 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 | |
3351 | F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 | |
3352 | (shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 456 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3353 | (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) |
3354 | -.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 | |
3355 | (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3356 | or more directories and subdirectories.)180 468 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 |
3357 | F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 480 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G | |
ac50fbac | 3358 | (djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C |
a0c0a00f CR |
3359 | (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 492 Q F0 |
3360 | (Matches an)180 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
3361 | ([...])144 504 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 504 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3362 | (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 |
3363 | (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 | |
a0c0a00f | 3364 | (denotes a)180 516 R F2 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) |
ac50fbac CR |
3365 | -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 |
3366 | (haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G | |
a0c0a00f | 3367 | .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 |
ac50fbac CR |
3368 | G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 |
3369 | (ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) | |
a0c0a00f | 3370 | 6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 540 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 |
ac50fbac CR |
3371 | ([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 |
3372 | (^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 | |
3373 | (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 | |
a0c0a00f | 3374 | (The sorting order of characters in range e)180 552 R .894 |
ac50fbac | 3375 | (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3376 | 180 564 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) |
3377 | 2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 | |
ac50fbac | 3378 | (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 |
a0c0a00f | 3379 | F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 576 R .068 |
ac50fbac CR |
3380 | (xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F |
3381 | -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 | |
a0c0a00f | 3382 | (et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 588 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
3383 | .156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C |
3384 | 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 | |
3385 | .157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ | |
3386 | be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3387 | 180 600 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F |
3388 | (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 612 Q -.4(Wi)180 | |
3389 | 630 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch) | |
ac50fbac | 3390 | 3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3391 | (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 |
3392 | (:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 | |
3393 | (is one of the follo)180 642 Q | |
ac50fbac | 3394 | (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3395 | (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 654 R 8.173 |
3396 | (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 666 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 | |
3397 | 4.289(Ac)180 678 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) | |
495aee44 | 3398 | -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 |
ac50fbac | 3399 | -.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3400 | (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 690 Q -.4(Wi) |
3401 | 180 708 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 | |
3402 | (,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 | |
3403 | (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) | |
ac50fbac | 3404 | A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
3405 | collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 720 R |
3406 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3407 | %%Page: 26 26 | |
3408 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3409 | BP | |
3410 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3411 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3412 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the character)180 | |
3413 | 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 102 S(thin).4 E | |
3414 | /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C | |
3415 | (he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 E F1(symbol)A F2(.])A F0 | |
3416 | (matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F1(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the) | |
3417 | 108 118.8 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 | |
3418 | (shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
ac50fbac CR |
3419 | 3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 |
3420 | (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 3421 | 130.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F1 |
17345e5a | 3422 | (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 |
a0c0a00f | 3423 | (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E |
17345e5a | 3424 | F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3425 | 108 142.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 166.8 Q F1 |
3426 | (pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 | |
3427 | (Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 178.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
3428 | (np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 190.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 | |
3429 | (\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 202.8 Q | |
3430 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 214.8 Q F1 | |
3431 | (pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 | |
3432 | (Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
3433 | 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 238.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 | |
3434 | (\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 250.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) | |
3435 | .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 262.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) | |
3436 | .833 E F0(Matches an)180 274.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) | |
3437 | -.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(Quote Remo)87 291.6 | |
3438 | Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 303.6 R 1.113 | |
3439 | (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\) | |
3440 | 3.613 E F0(,)A F2<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F2(")4.445 E F0 | |
3441 | 1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 315.6 Q .3 | |
ac50fbac | 3442 | -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3443 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 332.4 Q F0 .545 |
3444 | (Before a command is e)108 344.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 | |
3445 | (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F1 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E | |
ac50fbac | 3446 | (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 |
a0c0a00f | 3447 | (by the shell.)108 356.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ |
ac50fbac | 3448 | ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) |
a0c0a00f | 3449 | -.25 F(dif)108 368.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ |
ac50fbac CR |
3450 | the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 |
3451 | (Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 | |
a0c0a00f | 3452 | (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 380.4 R -.15 |
ac50fbac CR |
3453 | (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E |
3454 | .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3455 | 392.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F1 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 |
3456 | .875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G | |
3457 | .876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 404.4 Q 2.5 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3458 | (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ |
3459 | h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3460 | stead be preceded by a w)108 421.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) |
3461 | 108 433.2 R F1(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 | |
ac50fbac | 3462 | (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 |
a0c0a00f | 3463 | (xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 445.2 S |
ac50fbac | 3464 | .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3465 | F1(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 |
3466 | (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F1(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 457.2 Q | |
3467 | F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 3468 | (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3469 | 474 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitte\ |
3470 | d, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 | |
3471 | (ion operator is)108 486 R F2(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 | |
17345e5a JA |
3472 | (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) |
3473 | -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3474 | (redirection operator is)108 498 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C |
17345e5a | 3475 | (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) |
a0c0a00f | 3476 | -2.5 E .824(The w)108 514.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 |
ac50fbac CR |
3477 | (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 |
3478 | (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 | |
a0c0a00f | 3479 | (jected to brace e)108 526.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 |
ac50fbac | 3480 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 |
a0c0a00f | 3481 | (xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 538.8 R |
ac50fbac CR |
3482 | .866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F |
3483 | .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3484 | F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 550.8 S(rd,).1 E F2 |
3485 | (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E | |
3486 | (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 567.6 Q -.15 | |
3487 | (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 584.4 Q F2(>)2.5 | |
3488 | E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A | |
3489 | (directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 601.2 | |
3490 | Q F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 618 | |
3491 | Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 | |
3492 | (directs only the standard output to \214le)108 634.8 R F1(dirlist)3.027 | |
3493 | E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 | |
17345e5a | 3494 | (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3495 | (output before the standard output w)108 646.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E |
3496 | F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 663.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 | |
3497 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) | |
ac50fbac | 3498 | -.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3499 | (wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 675.6 R .978 |
3500 | (the operating system on which)3.478 F F2(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 | |
3501 | (is running pro)3.478 F .977 | |
3502 | (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F | |
3503 | (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 687.6 Q | |
3504 | (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(/de)144 704.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 | |
3505 | E F1(fd)A F0(If)180 716.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E | |
3506 | (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
3507 | (is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(26) | |
3508 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3509 | %%Page: 27 27 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3510 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3511 | BP | |
3512 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3513 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
3514 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3515 | SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 | |
3516 | 96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 | |
3517 | (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) | |
3518 | -.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q | |
3519 | (v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 | |
3520 | 168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 | |
3521 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 | |
3522 | (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
3523 | (vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
3524 | (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 | |
3525 | 192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) | |
3526 | 2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 | |
3527 | (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 | |
3528 | (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
3529 | (vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
3530 | (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 | |
3531 | 232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) | |
3532 | -2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ | |
3533 | an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 | |
3534 | (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F | |
3535 | (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 | |
3536 | 278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 | |
17345e5a | 3537 | (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3538 | 108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 |
3539 | (to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 | |
17345e5a | 3540 | (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G |
ac50fbac | 3541 | (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 |
17345e5a | 3542 | (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3543 | (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 |
3544 | (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) | |
3545 | -.18 E F0 .174 | |
17345e5a | 3546 | (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3547 | 108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 |
3548 | (to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 | |
3549 | R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 | |
3550 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 | |
3551 | .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F | |
3552 | -.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E | |
17345e5a | 3553 | (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3554 | (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q |
3555 | F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 | |
3556 | (If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C | |
3557 | .154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) | |
3558 | 2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 | |
3559 | (iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R | |
3560 | .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 | |
3561 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 | |
3562 | (ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) | |
3563 | 5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C | |
ac50fbac CR |
3564 | 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E |
3565 | F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 | |
a0c0a00f | 3566 | (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 |
0001803f | 3567 | (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 |
a0c0a00f | 3568 | 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) |
ac50fbac | 3569 | -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3570 | 492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 |
3571 | (Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 | |
3572 | (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 | |
3573 | (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 | |
3574 | (opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 3575 | 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3576 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 |
3577 | .474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 | |
3578 | 528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E | |
3579 | (The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q | |
3580 | F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q | |
3581 | (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 | |
3582 | (This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ | |
ac50fbac CR |
3583 | \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) |
3584 | -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3585 | 602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E |
3586 | (There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
ac50fbac | 3587 | (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3588 | (&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) |
3589 | A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G | |
17345e5a | 3590 | (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3591 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 |
3592 | E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) | |
ac50fbac | 3593 | 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3594 | -.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G |
3595 | .115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q | |
ac50fbac | 3596 | F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3597 | (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
3598 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3599 | %%Page: 28 28 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3600 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3601 | BP | |
3602 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3603 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
3604 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3605 | SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) | |
3606 | -.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ | |
3607 | utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ | |
3608 | scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) | |
3609 | 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E | |
3610 | F0(.).77 E | |
3611 | (The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 | |
3612 | 124.8 Q F1(&>>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 | |
3613 | (This is semantically equi)108 158.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 | |
3614 | (>>)144 175.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 | |
3615 | 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 | |
3616 | (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ | |
3617 | ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ | |
3618 | a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 | |
3619 | (\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 | |
17345e5a | 3620 | (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3621 | F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E |
3622 | F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E | |
3623 | (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) | |
3624 | A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q | |
3625 | (e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 | |
3626 | 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 | |
3627 | (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 | |
3628 | (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 | |
3629 | 331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 | |
3630 | -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 | |
3631 | (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 | |
3632 | (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) | |
3633 | -2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 | |
3634 | (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 | |
3635 | (xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 | |
3636 | (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 | |
3637 | (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 | |
3638 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 | |
3639 | (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3640 | E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 |
3641 | (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3642 | E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 |
3643 | (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) | |
495aee44 | 3644 | C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ |
a0c0a00f | 3645 | the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G |
495aee44 | 3646 | (his allo)-5 E |
17345e5a | 3647 | (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3648 | -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 |
3649 | 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) | |
3650 | 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q | |
3651 | F2(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 | |
3652 | (xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 | |
3653 | (ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 | |
3654 | (tution, arithmetic e)108 470.4 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F | |
3655 | -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 | |
3656 | (xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E | |
3657 | 2.813(formed. The)108 482.4 R .313 | |
3658 | (result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 | |
3659 | (wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F | |
3660 | (input \(or \214le descriptor)108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) | |
3661 | 2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 | |
3662 | 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(]) | |
3663 | A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 | |
3664 | (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E | |
495aee44 | 3665 | F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 |
17345e5a | 3666 | (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 |
a0c0a00f | 3667 | 568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G |
17345e5a JA |
3668 | 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G |
3669 | 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
3670 | .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 | |
a0c0a00f | 3671 | (for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) |
17345e5a JA |
3672 | 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E |
3673 | F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) | |
3674 | 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3675 | (the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q |
3676 | (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A | |
17345e5a | 3677 | (d)-.37 E F0 .444 |
a0c0a00f | 3678 | (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R |
ac50fbac | 3679 | (If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 |
17345e5a | 3680 | (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 |
a0c0a00f | 3681 | (tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) |
ac50fbac | 3682 | 4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ |
a0c0a00f | 3683 | utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) |
ac50fbac CR |
3684 | 3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E |
3685 | F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 | |
3686 | (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 | |
3687 | .253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E | |
a0c0a00f | 3688 | .965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> |
ac50fbac CR |
3689 | 3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 |
3690 | (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3691 | -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
3692 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3693 | %%Page: 29 29 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3694 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3695 | BP | |
3696 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3697 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
3698 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3699 | SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) | |
3700 | 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 | |
3701 | (digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 | |
3702 | (he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 | |
3703 | (to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) | |
3704 | -3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 | |
3705 | (n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 | |
3706 | E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
3707 | (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) | |
3708 | 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q | |
3709 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 | |
3710 | (digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 | |
3711 | 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 | |
3712 | (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 | |
3713 | .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 | |
3714 | (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 | |
3715 | (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) | |
3716 | A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 | |
3717 | 266.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 | |
17345e5a | 3718 | (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) |
a0c0a00f | 3719 | 108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G |
17345e5a | 3720 | (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E |
495aee44 | 3721 | (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 |
a0c0a00f | 3722 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 |
ac50fbac CR |
3723 | E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 |
3724 | (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 | |
17345e5a | 3725 | (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ |
a0c0a00f | 3726 | ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 |
ac50fbac | 3727 | (and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 |
a0c0a00f | 3728 | F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 |
ac50fbac CR |
3729 | E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 |
3730 | (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3731 | (check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 |
ac50fbac CR |
3732 | (If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 |
3733 | (xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A | |
a0c0a00f | 3734 | F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
3735 | 1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) |
3736 | -3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 | |
3737 | (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 | |
a0c0a00f | 3738 | (ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 |
ac50fbac CR |
3739 | (replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G |
3740 | 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 | |
a0c0a00f | 3741 | (The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 |
ac50fbac CR |
3742 | F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 |
3743 | (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 3744 | .296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 |
ac50fbac CR |
3745 | (This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 |
3746 | .296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 | |
a0c0a00f | 3747 | (bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R |
ac50fbac CR |
3748 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F |
3749 | 3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 | |
3750 | (alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) | |
a0c0a00f | 3751 | -3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E |
17345e5a | 3752 | (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 |
a0c0a00f | 3753 | E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 |
495aee44 | 3754 | (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 |
17345e5a | 3755 | (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 |
a0c0a00f | 3756 | (There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .284 |
17345e5a JA |
3757 | (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E |
3758 | .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3759 | 108 460.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 |
3760 | (Aliases are not e)108 477.6 R 1.22 | |
17345e5a | 3761 | (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) |
495aee44 | 3762 | .15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 |
a0c0a00f | 3763 | (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 |
495aee44 | 3764 | (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 |
17345e5a | 3765 | (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 |
ac50fbac | 3766 | E .436 |
17345e5a | 3767 | (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 |
a0c0a00f | 3768 | 506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 |
ac50fbac | 3769 | (wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 |
a0c0a00f | 3770 | (one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 |
17345e5a | 3771 | (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 |
ac50fbac | 3772 | (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 |
a0c0a00f | 3773 | (xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904 |
ac50fbac | 3774 | (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 |
17345e5a | 3775 | (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 |
ac50fbac | 3776 | (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 |
a0c0a00f | 3777 | (another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 |
17345e5a | 3778 | G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F |
ac50fbac | 3779 | 1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 |
a0c0a00f | 3780 | (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 |
17345e5a | 3781 | (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) |
ac50fbac | 3782 | 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 |
a0c0a00f | 3783 | 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F |
ac50fbac | 3784 | .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
3785 | n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 |
3786 | (because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612 | |
3787 | (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 | |
3788 | (av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 | |
3789 | (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 | |
3790 | (afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 | |
3791 | (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 | |
3792 | 602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 | |
3793 | S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
ac50fbac | 3794 | (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 |
a0c0a00f | 3795 | (FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968 |
ac50fbac CR |
3796 | (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 |
3797 | H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 3798 | .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R |
ac50fbac CR |
3799 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ |
3800 | ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3801 | (mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G |
3802 | 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 | |
ac50fbac | 3803 | (cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 |
a0c0a00f | 3804 | (shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 |
ac50fbac CR |
3805 | (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F |
3806 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 | |
a0c0a00f | 3807 | F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F |
17345e5a JA |
3808 | .639 |
3809 | (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3810 | -.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R |
3811 | F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 | |
ac50fbac | 3812 | (Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3813 | .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) |
3814 | -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G | |
0001803f | 3815 | (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
3816 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) |
3817 | 142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3818 | %%Page: 30 30 | |
3819 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
3820 | BP | |
3821 | %%EndPageSetup | |
3822 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
3823 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.25 | |
3824 | (All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 | |
3825 | (cution en).15 F 1.25 | |
0001803f | 3826 | (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3827 | 1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
3828 | (DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 | |
3829 | E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 | |
3830 | -.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S | |
3831 | (IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 | |
17345e5a | 3832 | (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3833 | -.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E |
3834 | .478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92 | |
ac50fbac | 3835 | E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3836 | F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 |
3837 | (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
3838 | 108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 | |
3839 | (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 | |
3840 | (traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 | |
3841 | F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 | |
3842 | (shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655 | |
3843 | (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) | |
ac50fbac | 3844 | 3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E |
a0c0a00f | 3845 | 3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 172.8 Q |
0001803f | 3846 | (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E |
a0c0a00f | 3847 | (The)108 189.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 |
495aee44 CR |
3848 | (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 |
3849 | (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 3850 | 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G |
495aee44 | 3851 | (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3852 | -.15 E .043(If the b)108 218.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) |
3853 | 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 | |
3854 | (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
3855 | .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 230.4 R 1.012 | |
3856 | (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G | |
3857 | 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 | |
3858 | (trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 242.4 R | |
3859 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 | |
ac50fbac | 3860 | (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 |
17345e5a | 3861 | (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) |
a0c0a00f CR |
3862 | 108 254.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E |
3863 | 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) | |
3864 | -2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 | |
3865 | (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 271.2 R F2 | |
3866 | <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E | |
3867 | F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F | |
3868 | 3.39(mands. The)108 283.2 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 | |
3869 | (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 | |
17345e5a | 3870 | (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3871 | .327(\214le and line number)108 295.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G |
3872 | (he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 | |
ac50fbac | 3873 | (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3874 | (xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 307.2 R |
3875 | 1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.797 E | |
3876 | F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 | |
ac50fbac | 3877 | (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3878 | (deleted using the)108 319.2 R F2<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) |
3879 | 2.661 F F2(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 | |
ac50fbac CR |
3880 | (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 |
3881 | F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3882 | 331.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 |
3883 | (hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 343.2 Q | |
ac50fbac | 3884 | (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3885 | (Functions may be recursi)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) |
3886 | -5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 | |
495aee44 | 3887 | (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 |
a0c0a00f | 3888 | (stack and restrict the number of function in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G |
495aee44 | 3889 | 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3890 | (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 384 Q .3 |
3891 | -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 | |
3892 | 400.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 | |
3893 | (The shell allo)108 412.8 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 | |
ac50fbac | 3894 | (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3895 | (luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0 |
3896 | (and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 424.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 | |
3897 | (iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) | |
3898 | 2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 | |
3899 | (aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 436.8 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F | |
3900 | 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 | |
3901 | -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 | |
3902 | (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 | |
3903 | (The operators and their precedence, associati)108 448.8 R(vity)-.25 E | |
3904 | 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 | |
3905 | (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F | |
3906 | (lo)108 460.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F | |
3907 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) | |
3908 | 5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F | |
3909 | (of decreasing precedence.)108 472.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 | |
3910 | 489.6 Q F2(++)A F4(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 501.6 S | |
3911 | (riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 513.6 Q F4(id) | |
3912 | A F2<adad>2.5 E F4(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 525.6 S | |
3913 | (riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 537.6 S F0 | |
3914 | (unary minus and plus)144 537.6 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 549.6 S F0 | |
3915 | (logical and bitwise ne)144 549.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 | |
3916 | 561.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 561.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 573.6 S | |
3917 | F0(multiplication, di)144 573.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> | |
3918 | 108 585.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 585.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 597.6 Q F0 | |
3919 | (left and right bitwise shifts)144 597.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 609.6 Q F0 | |
3920 | (comparison)144 621.6 Q F2(== !=)108 633.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) | |
3921 | 144 633.6 Q F2(&)108 645.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 645.6 Q F2(^)108 657.6 Q | |
3922 | F0(bitwise e)144 657.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) | |
3923 | 108 669.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 669.6 Q F2(&&)108 681.6 Q F0(logical AND) | |
3924 | 144 681.6 Q F2(||)108 693.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 693.6 Q F4 -.2(ex)108 | |
3925 | 705.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 | |
3926 | (conditional operator)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) | |
3927 | 142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
3928 | %%Page: 31 31 | |
0001803f CR |
3929 | %%BeginPageSetup |
3930 | BP | |
3931 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
3932 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
3933 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
3934 | SF 2.5(=*)108 84 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad> | |
3935 | -2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 96 Q/F2 10 | |
3936 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 108 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G | |
3937 | (pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 120 Q .68(Shell v)108 136.8 R .68 | |
3938 | (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 | |
3939 | (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F | |
3940 | -.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 148.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 | |
3941 | F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 | |
3942 | (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) | |
3943 | -.25 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G | |
3944 | 1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) | |
3945 | -.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 | |
3946 | (using the parameter e)108 172.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 | |
3947 | (The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 | |
3948 | (va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 | |
3949 | (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 184.8 R 1.389 | |
3950 | (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 | |
3951 | E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 | |
3952 | F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 | |
3953 | (assigned a v)108 196.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 | |
3954 | (alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G | |
3955 | .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 | |
3956 | H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 | |
3957 | (ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 208.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E | |
3958 | 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 | |
3959 | 225.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F | |
3960 | (xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 237.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 | |
3961 | G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 | |
3962 | (base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 | |
3963 | (representing the arithmetic base, and)108 249.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 | |
3964 | (is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 | |
3965 | (is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 | |
3966 | 261.6 R F2(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 | |
3967 | (he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 | |
3968 | (wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 | |
3969 | (@, and _, in that order)108 273.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F2(base) | |
3970 | 3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 | |
ac50fbac | 3971 | (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
3972 | (interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 285.6 Q |
3973 | .235(Operators are e)108 302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 | |
ac50fbac | 3974 | (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3975 | (xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 |
3976 | (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 314.4 S | |
3977 | (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 | |
3978 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 331.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 | |
3979 | (Conditional e)108 343.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) | |
3980 | 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) | |
3981 | 2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F | |
3982 | .77(\214le attrib)108 355.2 R .77 | |
17345e5a | 3983 | (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 |
a0c0a00f CR |
3984 | (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 |
3985 | (unary or binary primaries.)108 367.2 R F1(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 | |
3986 | (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 | |
3987 | (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 | |
3988 | (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 | |
3989 | (the operating system on which)108 379.2 R F1(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 | |
3990 | (is running pro)2.693 F .193 | |
3991 | (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F | |
3992 | .589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 391.2 R .589 | |
3993 | (vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 | |
3994 | (gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)108 403.2 Q | |
3995 | (v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F2(n) | |
3996 | 2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F2 | |
3997 | (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 | |
3998 | (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) | |
3999 | -.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)108 415.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 | |
4000 | (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C | |
17345e5a | 4001 | (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 |
a0c0a00f | 4002 | (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 |
17345e5a | 4003 | (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4004 | 108 432 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) |
4005 | -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 444 Q | |
4006 | 1.096(When used with)108 462 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E | |
4007 | F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) | |
4008 | 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 | |
4009 | E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 | |
4010 | 474 Q F1<ad61>108 498 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 498 S(ue if).35 E | |
4011 | F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 510 Q F2 | |
4012 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4013 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 522 Q F2 | |
4014 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4015 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 534 | |
4016 | Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4017 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 546 Q | |
4018 | F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4019 | (ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 558 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 | |
4020 | 558 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 | |
4021 | E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 570 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 | |
4022 | 570 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4023 | (ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 582 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4024 | -.35(Tr)144 582 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4025 | (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 594 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4026 | -.35(Tr)144 594 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
ac50fbac | 4027 | (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4028 | -2.5 E F1<ad70>108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 |
4029 | E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) | |
4030 | .15 E F1<ad72>108 618 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E | |
4031 | F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 | |
4032 | 630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E | |
4033 | F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74> | |
4034 | 108 642 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E | |
4035 | F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 654 | |
4036 | Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4037 | -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77> | |
4038 | 108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 | |
4039 | E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 678 Q F2 | |
4040 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 | |
4041 | (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 | |
4042 | 690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E | |
4043 | F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E | |
4044 | .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4045 | -.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4046 | (ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 | |
4047 | -.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4048 | (ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E | |
4049 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4050 | %%Page: 32 32 | |
17345e5a JA |
4051 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4052 | BP | |
4053 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4054 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
4055 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4056 | SF<ad4f>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 | |
4057 | S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E | |
4058 | (wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 | |
4059 | <ad53>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4060 | (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2 | |
4061 | (\214le1)108 108 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S | |
4062 | (ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 | |
4063 | (refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1) | |
4064 | 108 132 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S | |
4065 | (ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E | |
4066 | (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E | |
4067 | F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G | |
4068 | (ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q | |
4069 | F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 | |
4070 | (\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 | |
4071 | (ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 | |
4072 | (\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 | |
4073 | -.35(Tr)144 192 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E | |
4074 | F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 | |
4075 | (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> | |
4076 | 2.763 E F0(option to the)144 204 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
4077 | (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 216 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 | |
4078 | -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 | |
4079 | E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 | |
4080 | 240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E | |
4081 | (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) | |
4082 | 2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 264 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S | |
4083 | (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) | |
4084 | 108 288 Q F1<ad6e>108 300 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S | |
4085 | (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 | |
4086 | (string1)108 328.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 340.8 Q F1 | |
4087 | (=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 352.8 S .862 | |
4088 | (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4089 | (should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 |
4090 | (command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 4091 | 364.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 |
ac50fbac | 4092 | (command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4093 | -.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 376.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 |
4094 | (string1)108 393.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 405.6 S | |
4095 | (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 422.4 Q F1(<)2.5 | |
4096 | E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 434.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E | |
495aee44 | 4097 | F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4098 | E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 451.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 |
4099 | (Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 | |
495aee44 | 4100 | (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4101 | 480 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
4102 | (OP)144 492 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 | |
495aee44 CR |
4103 | (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A |
4104 | F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 | |
4105 | (.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 | |
ac50fbac | 4106 | (ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
4107 | s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 504 R |
4108 | F2(ar)144 516 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) | |
495aee44 CR |
4109 | .15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 |
4110 | E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 | |
4111 | (eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4112 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 532.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 |
4113 | .614(When a simple command is e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 | |
ac50fbac | 4114 | (cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 |
17345e5a | 4115 | (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4116 | 108 556.8 Q(1.)108 573.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 573.6 R 1.848 |
4117 | (ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 | |
17345e5a | 4118 | (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4119 | (name\) and redirections are sa)144 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G |
4120 | (or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 602.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 602.4 R | |
4121 | 1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4122 | (ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 |
4123 | F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 4124 | 614.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 |
17345e5a | 4125 | (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4126 | (are the ar)144 626.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 643.2 Q |
4127 | (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) | |
4128 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) | |
4129 | 108 660 Q .717(The te)144 660 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 | |
4130 | .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 | |
4131 | (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E | |
4132 | .339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 672 R .339 | |
17345e5a | 4133 | (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4134 | (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 684 Q .332 |
4135 | (If no command name results, the v)108 700.8 R .332 | |
17345e5a | 4136 | (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f | 4137 | 2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 712.8 S .757 |
17345e5a JA |
4138 | (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 |
4139 | (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 | |
a0c0a00f | 4140 | (fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 724.8 |
ac50fbac CR |
4141 | R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 |
4142 | (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 | |
4143 | (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4144 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP |
4145 | %%Page: 33 33 | |
4146 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4147 | BP | |
4148 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4149 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4150 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the command e)108 | |
4151 | 84 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 | |
4152 | (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 100.8 R | |
ac50fbac | 4153 | .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 |
a0c0a00f | 4154 | (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 112.8 |
0001803f | 4155 | Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 |
a0c0a00f | 4156 | (If there is a command name left after e)108 129.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) |
17345e5a | 4157 | -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F |
ac50fbac | 4158 | 4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 |
a0c0a00f | 4159 | 141.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 |
ac50fbac | 4160 | (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 |
a0c0a00f | 4161 | (xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 153.6 R .466 |
ac50fbac | 4162 | (xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4163 | (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 165.6 |
4164 | Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4165 | (COMMAND EXECUTION)72 182.4 Q F0 .546 | |
4166 | (After a command has been split into w)108 194.4 R .547 | |
17345e5a | 4167 | (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 |
a0c0a00f | 4168 | F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 206.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E |
17345e5a | 4169 | (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ |
a0c0a00f | 4170 | mpts to locate it.)108 223.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 |
17345e5a | 4171 | (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4172 | 108 235.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G |
4173 | .246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 | |
4174 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 | |
4175 | (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F | |
4176 | (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 247.2 Q 2.5 | |
17345e5a | 4177 | (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4178 | (uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 |
4179 | (If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 264 R .309 | |
4180 | (uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 | |
4181 | E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 276 Q F2 -.666(PA) | |
4182 | 3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 | |
4183 | (xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 | |
4184 | .663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915 | |
4185 | (the full pathnames of e)108 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 | |
4186 | (cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 | |
4187 | (SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E | |
4188 | 4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719(search of the directories in)108 | |
4189 | 300 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72 | |
4190 | (is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969 | |
4191 | F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ | |
4192 | a de\214ned shell function named)108 312 R F4(command_not_f)3.455 E | |
4193 | (ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 324 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4194 | (hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
4195 | (ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 | |
4196 | (ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) | |
a0c0a00f | 4197 | -.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 336 R .776 |
17345e5a JA |
4198 | (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 |
4199 | (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F | |
ac50fbac | 4200 | .775(If that function is not)5.775 F |
a0c0a00f | 4201 | (de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 348 Q |
ac50fbac | 4202 | (xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ |
a0c0a00f | 4203 | command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 364.8 R -.15 |
ac50fbac | 4204 | (xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 |
a0c0a00f | 4205 | 376.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F |
ac50fbac | 4206 | .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 |
a0c0a00f | 4207 | (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 388.8 Q |
17345e5a | 4208 | (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 |
a0c0a00f | 4209 | (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 405.6 R |
ac50fbac | 4210 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 |
17345e5a JA |
4211 | (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 |
4212 | (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G | |
a0c0a00f | 4213 | 4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 417.6 R/F5 10 |
ac50fbac | 4214 | /Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 |
17345e5a | 4215 | (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 |
ac50fbac CR |
4216 | (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 |
4217 | (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 | |
a0c0a00f | 4218 | (subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 429.6 R .329 |
ac50fbac CR |
4219 | (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F |
4220 | -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 | |
a0c0a00f | 4221 | (andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 441.6 R 1.219 |
17345e5a | 4222 | (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4223 | -.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 |
4224 | (SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 453.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A | |
4225 | F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) | |
4226 | 108 470.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ | |
4227 | e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) | |
4228 | -2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 482.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4229 | .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ | |
4230 | handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) | |
4231 | 108 494.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4232 | (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 |
4233 | (gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 | |
a0c0a00f | 4234 | (interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 506.4 R |
ac50fbac | 4235 | 1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4236 | (command ar)108 518.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 |
4237 | (COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 535.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) | |
4238 | 108 547.2 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 | |
4239 | 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 564 Q | |
4240 | 1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 564 R -.2(vo)-.4 G | |
4241 | 1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 | |
4242 | (exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 576 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 592.8 Q | |
4243 | (the current w)144 592.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E | |
4244 | F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 | |
4245 | (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E | |
4246 | <83>108 609.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 609.6 Q F4 | |
ac50fbac | 4247 | (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4248 | -2.5 E<83>108 626.4 Q(current traps set by)144 626.4 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 |
4249 | <83>108 643.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 643.2 R .256 | |
4250 | (ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 | |
ac50fbac | 4251 | (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4252 | (in the en)144 655.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 672 Q |
4253 | (shell functions de\214ned during e)144 672 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
0001803f | 4254 | (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
4255 | (arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 688.8 Q |
4256 | (options enabled at in)144 688.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) | |
4257 | .2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set) | |
4258 | 2.5 E F0<83>108 705.6 Q(options enabled by)144 705.6 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 | |
4259 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4260 | %%Page: 34 34 | |
4261 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4262 | BP | |
4263 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4264 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4265 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q | |
4266 | (shell aliases de\214ned with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E | |
4267 | F0<83>108 100.8 Q -.25(va)144 100.8 S | |
4268 | (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E | |
495aee44 | 4269 | (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4270 | /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 |
4271 | (When a simple command other than a b)108 117.6 R .427 | |
4272 | (uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 | |
ac50fbac | 4273 | (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) |
a0c0a00f | 4274 | -2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 129.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 |
17345e5a | 4275 | (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F |
ac50fbac | 4276 | .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f | 4277 | (the shell.)108 141.6 Q<83>108 158.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 158.4 R |
ac50fbac | 4278 | 3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G |
17345e5a JA |
4279 | 1.056 |
4280 | (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4281 | -3.556 F(mand)144 170.4 Q<83>108 187.2 Q(the current w)144 187.2 Q |
4282 | (orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 204 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 | |
4283 | 204 Q<83>108 220.8 Q .857(shell v)144 220.8 R .857 | |
4284 | (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 | |
17345e5a | 4285 | (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4286 | (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 232.8 Q(vironment) |
4287 | -.4 E<83>108 249.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) | |
4288 | 144 249.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G | |
4289 | .307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 | |
4290 | 261.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 278.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 | |
4291 | (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E | |
17345e5a JA |
4292 | (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E |
4293 | (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4294 | ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 295.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
4295 | (ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 307.2 S .244(ubshell en) | |
ac50fbac CR |
4296 | -2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 |
4297 | (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 4298 | .359(reset to the v)108 319.2 R .358 |
17345e5a | 4299 | (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 |
ac50fbac | 4300 | G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) |
a0c0a00f | 4301 | -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 331.2 |
ac50fbac CR |
4302 | R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 |
4303 | (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) | |
a0c0a00f | 4304 | -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 343.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G |
ac50fbac | 4305 | -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 |
a0c0a00f | 4306 | 360 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 |
17345e5a | 4307 | (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4308 | F1<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) |
4309 | 108 372 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 | |
4310 | E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 | |
4311 | (option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 388.8 R | |
4312 | .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) | |
4313 | 2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 | |
4314 | (ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 | |
4315 | 400.8 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 | |
4316 | (therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 | |
4317 | (ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F | |
4318 | (as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
4319 | (ENVIR)72 429.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 441.6 | |
4320 | R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) | |
4321 | -4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 | |
4322 | (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 | |
4323 | E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 453.6 Q | |
4324 | F0<ad>A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 | |
4325 | (value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 470.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 | |
4326 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F | |
4327 | 3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 | |
4328 | (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 482.4 Q .144(viron\ | |
4329 | ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ | |
4330 | it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F | |
4331 | 2.704(cesses. Ex)108 494.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F | |
4332 | 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) | |
4333 | 2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 | |
4334 | (wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 | |
4335 | (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 506.4 R | |
4336 | 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 | |
4337 | (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 518.4 Q .64 | |
495aee44 CR |
4338 | (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 |
4339 | (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4340 | -.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 530.4 |
4341 | R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 | |
4342 | (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 | |
4343 | (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F | |
4344 | .301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 542.4 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 | |
4345 | (airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) | |
4346 | -2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 | |
4347 | (dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 | |
4348 | 554.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 | |
4349 | 571.2 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) | |
4350 | 3.402 F F0 .563 | |
495aee44 | 4351 | (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4352 | .203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 583.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) |
4353 | -.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF | |
4354 | (.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) | |
4355 | -.25 F(en)108 595.2 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) | |
4356 | 108 612 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) | |
4357 | 3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F | |
4358 | F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) | |
4359 | 108 624 Q | |
17345e5a | 4360 | (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) |
a0c0a00f | 4361 | -.4 E(When)108 640.8 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 |
ac50fbac CR |
4362 | (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) |
4363 | -3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 | |
4364 | (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4365 | (passed to that command in its en)108 652.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F4 |
4366 | (EXIT ST)72 669.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 681.6 R | |
ac50fbac | 4367 | .15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) |
a0c0a00f | 4368 | .15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F3(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 |
ac50fbac | 4369 | (system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 |
a0c0a00f | 4370 | (tion. Exit)108 693.6 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 |
ac50fbac CR |
4371 | (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F |
4372 | 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4373 | F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 705.6 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G |
4374 | .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 | |
4375 | (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F | |
4376 | (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 | |
4377 | 717.6 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E | |
4378 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4379 | %%Page: 35 35 | |
4380 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4381 | BP | |
4382 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4383 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4384 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S | |
4385 | 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4386 | (urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 |
4387 | (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) | |
a0c0a00f | 4388 | -.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 96 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 |
ac50fbac CR |
4389 | (on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 |
4390 | (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4391 | -2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N) |
4392 | 2.5 E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E | |
4393 | (alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 | |
4394 | (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 124.8 R | |
ac50fbac | 4395 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4396 | (If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 136.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) |
4397 | -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 153.6 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4398 | Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E |
4399 | (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4400 | -.15 E .08(Shell b)108 170.4 R .08 |
4401 | (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C | |
4402 | 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 | |
ac50fbac | 4403 | 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4404 | -2.581 F(the)108 182.4 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 |
4405 | (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 | |
4406 | (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 | |
4407 | (va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 194.4 Q(guments.)-.18 | |
4408 | E F2(Bash)108 211.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 | |
4409 | (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 | |
4410 | (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 223.2 | |
4411 | Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 | |
4412 | (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 | |
4413 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 240 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 252 Q F2 | |
4414 | (bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G | |
4415 | 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 | |
4416 | (raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 | |
4417 | (\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 | |
4418 | F(interacti)108 264 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 | |
4419 | (SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 | |
4420 | (wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 | |
4421 | (In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 276 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E | |
4422 | (UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E | |
4423 | (fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 | |
4424 | (SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 | |
4425 | (Non-b)108 292.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 | |
4426 | (ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 | |
4427 | F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) | |
4428 | 108 304.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 | |
4429 | (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) | |
4430 | 2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 | |
4431 | (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 316.8 R .653 | |
4432 | (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F | |
4433 | -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 328.8 Q F4 | |
4434 | (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 | |
4435 | (SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 345.6 R 2.045 | |
4436 | (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E | |
4437 | F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 | |
4438 | -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 357.6 Q F0 | |
4439 | 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 | |
4440 | (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 | |
4441 | (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 | |
4442 | (ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) | |
4443 | 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ | |
4444 | to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 | |
4445 | G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 381.6 R F2(diso) | |
4446 | 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 | |
4447 | (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E | |
4448 | 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 | |
4449 | (SIGHUP)108 393.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A | |
4450 | .166(If the)108 410.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 | |
4451 | (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) | |
4452 | 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 | |
4453 | (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 | |
4454 | 422.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 439.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F | |
4455 | .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
4456 | 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) | |
4457 | -3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 | |
4458 | (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E | |
4459 | F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 | |
4460 | (via the)108 463.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ | |
4461 | eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 | |
17345e5a | 4462 | (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F |
a0c0a00f | 4463 | (return immediately with an e)108 475.2 Q |
17345e5a | 4464 | (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4465 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 492 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 |
4466 | (Jo)108 504 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 | |
4467 | (refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 | |
4468 | (ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 | |
4469 | (xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 516 Q F1 | |
4470 | -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4471 | .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 | |
495aee44 | 4472 | (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4473 | (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) |
4474 | -.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 528 Q(ernel')-.1 E | |
4475 | 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E | |
4476 | F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 544.8 R F1(job) | |
4477 | 5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 | |
4478 | (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 | |
4479 | (cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 556.8 R F2 | |
4480 | (jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 | |
4481 | (starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E | |
4482 | (ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 568.8 | |
4483 | Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 585.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ | |
4484 | umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ | |
4485 | ociated)108 602.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 614.4 R .732 | |
495aee44 | 4486 | (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4487 | 5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 626.4 Q F1(job) |
4488 | 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 | |
4489 | (To f)108 643.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) | |
4490 | .7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F | |
4491 | .871(notion of a)108 655.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F | |
4492 | .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 | |
ac50fbac | 4493 | (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 |
17345e5a | 4494 | (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4495 | 667.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 |
4496 | (board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 679.2 Q | |
4497 | F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) | |
4498 | 3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E | |
4499 | (kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 | |
4500 | F .145(group ID dif)108 691.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 | |
4501 | (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 | |
4502 | (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 | |
4503 | (ground processes are allo)108 703.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F | |
ac50fbac CR |
4504 | 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 |
4505 | 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4506 | -2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 715.2 R .551 |
4507 | (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 | |
4508 | (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F | |
4509 | 2.098(terminal are sent a)108 727.2 R F4 2.098(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.598 F | |
4510 | (OU\))-.162 E F0 2.098(signal by the k)4.348 F(ernel')-.1 E 4.598(st) | |
4511 | -.55 G 2.098(erminal dri)-4.598 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.898 -.4(r, w).15 H | |
4512 | 2.098(hich, unless caught,).4 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) | |
4513 | 142.895 E(35)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4514 | %%Page: 36 36 | |
4515 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4516 | BP | |
4517 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4518 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4519 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E | |
4520 | (suspends the process.)108 84 Q 1.087(If the operating system on which) | |
4521 | 108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 | |
4522 | (is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 | |
4523 | (contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 112.8 S | |
4524 | .302(ping the).8 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 | |
4525 | (character \(typically)3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 | |
17345e5a | 4526 | (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4527 | F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 124.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 |
4528 | 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 | |
4529 | 2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C | |
4530 | (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ | |
495aee44 | 4531 | mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 |
a0c0a00f | 4532 | 136.8 R(to)108 148.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 |
17345e5a | 4533 | (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4534 | F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 |
4535 | (background, the)108 160.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 | |
4536 | (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F | |
4537 | F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) | |
4538 | 3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 172.8 Q .948(fect immediately) | |
4539 | -.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 | |
17345e5a | 4540 | (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) |
a0c0a00f | 4541 | 108 184.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 201.6 R .777 |
ac50fbac | 4542 | (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4543 | (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 213.6 |
4544 | Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 | |
ac50fbac | 4545 | (may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 |
17345e5a JA |
4546 | (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ |
4547 | ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4548 | 108 225.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E |
4549 | F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 237.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 | |
4550 | E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4551 | (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 |
4552 | (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4553 | F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 |
4554 | (hand, refers to an)108 249.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 | |
ac50fbac | 4555 | (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 |
17345e5a | 4556 | (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4557 | (If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 261.6 Q F1 |
4558 | (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 | |
ac50fbac | 4559 | (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 |
17345e5a | 4560 | (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4561 | F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) |
4562 | -2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 273.6 R .495 | |
17345e5a | 4563 | (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4564 | (The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 |
4565 | (may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 285.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 | |
4566 | 5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 | |
4567 | (%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 | |
4568 | (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E | |
4569 | .257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 297.6 R F1 | |
17345e5a | 4570 | (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4571 | -.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) |
4572 | 108 309.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 | |
4573 | (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 | |
17345e5a | 4574 | (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4575 | (rent job)108 321.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 |
4576 | (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 338.4 R | |
4577 | (ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) | |
4578 | -.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C | |
4579 | (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 | |
4580 | 350.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 | |
4581 | (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F | |
4582 | (equi)108 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') | |
4583 | .63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 379.2 | |
4584 | R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F | |
4585 | (Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 | |
4586 | (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 | |
4587 | (prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 391.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G | |
4588 | .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 | |
4589 | (ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 | |
4590 | (option to)2.658 F(the)108 403.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 | |
4591 | (iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 | |
4592 | (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 | |
4593 | (ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 | |
4594 | .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 | |
4595 | 415.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 432 R(xit)-.15 E F1 | |
4596 | (bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 | |
4597 | (,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 | |
4598 | (shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 444 R F1 | |
4599 | (shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 | |
4600 | (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 | |
4601 | (arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 | |
4602 | (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 | |
4603 | 456 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 | |
4604 | (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) | |
4605 | 5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 468 R .604 | |
17345e5a JA |
4606 | (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 |
4607 | (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4608 | (and an)108 480 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 |
4609 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 496.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 | |
4610 | 508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 | |
4611 | E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F | |
4612 | F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 | |
4613 | (and the secondary prompt)108 520.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 | |
4614 | (when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E | |
4615 | F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 | |
4616 | (it reads a command b)108 532.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4617 | .049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 | |
4618 | (ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 | |
4619 | 544.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ | |
4620 | as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 556.8 Q F0 | |
4621 | (an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 556.8 Q F1(\\d)144 568.8 Q F0 | |
4622 | (the date in "W)180 568.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E | |
4623 | (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 580.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 | |
4624 | 592.8 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime) | |
4625 | 3.927 E F0 1.427 | |
0001803f | 4626 | (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 |
a0c0a00f | 4627 | 604.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 |
17345e5a | 4628 | (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4629 | (The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 616.8 Q F0 |
4630 | (an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 616.8 Q F1(\\h)144 628.8 Q F0 | |
4631 | (the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 628.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 640.8 | |
4632 | Q F0(the hostname)180 640.8 Q F1(\\j)144 652.8 Q F0 | |
4633 | (the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 652.8 Q F1(\\l) | |
4634 | 144 664.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 664.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G | |
4635 | (erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 676.8 Q F0(ne)180 676.8 Q | |
4636 | (wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 688.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 688.8 Q F1(\\s) | |
4637 | 144 700.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 700.8 Q F1($0) | |
4638 | 2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 | |
4639 | (\\t)144 712.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 | |
4640 | 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg | |
4641 | EP | |
4642 | %%Page: 37 37 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4643 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4644 | BP | |
4645 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4646 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
4647 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4648 | SF(\\T)144 84 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 84 Q | |
4649 | F1(\\@)144 96 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 96 Q F1 | |
4650 | (\\A)144 108 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 108 Q F1 | |
4651 | (\\u)144 120 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 120 Q F1(\\v)144 | |
4652 | 132 Q F0(the v)180 132 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
4653 | (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 144 Q F0(the release of)180 144 Q F1 | |
4654 | (bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 | |
4655 | (l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 156 Q F0 .115(the current w) | |
4656 | 180 156 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9 | |
4657 | /Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 | |
4658 | (viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) | |
4659 | 180 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E | |
4660 | F1(\\W)144 180 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 180 Q | |
4661 | (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 | |
4662 | (abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 192 Q F0 | |
4663 | (the history number of this command)180 192 Q F1(\\#)144 204 Q F0 | |
4664 | (the command number of this command)180 204 Q F1(\\$)144 216 Q F0 | |
4665 | (if the ef)180 216 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E | |
4666 | F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 228 Q/F3 10 | |
4667 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 | |
4668 | (the character corresponding to the octal number)180 228 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E | |
4669 | F1(\\\\)144 240 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 240 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 252 Q | |
4670 | F0(be)180 252 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ | |
4671 | could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F | |
4672 | (control sequence into the prompt)180 264 Q F1(\\])144 276 Q F0 | |
4673 | (end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 276 Q .119 | |
4674 | (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 292.8 R | |
4675 | .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ | |
4676 | n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ | |
4677 | tory \214le \(see)108 304.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 | |
4678 | (belo)108 316.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ | |
4679 | the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 | |
4680 | (cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 328.8 R | |
0001803f | 4681 | .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 |
17345e5a | 4682 | (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4683 | .351(tion, arithmetic e)108 340.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F |
4684 | -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 | |
4685 | (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 | |
4686 | F(description of the)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E | |
4687 | F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) | |
4688 | -.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 369.6 Q F0 .151 | |
17345e5a | 4689 | (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4690 | 108 381.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 |
4691 | (\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 393.6 R -.15 | |
4692 | (ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 | |
4693 | (vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 | |
4694 | (editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 | |
4695 | (option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G | |
4696 | 3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 405.6 Q .851 | |
495aee44 | 4697 | (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4698 | 3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 |
4699 | (ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 417.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 | |
17345e5a | 4700 | (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4701 | -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 |
4702 | .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E | |
4703 | (\(see)108 429.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) | |
4704 | -.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) | |
17345e5a | 4705 | -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4706 | (ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E |
4707 | (emacs)108 441.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 | |
4708 | (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 458.4 Q | |
495aee44 | 4709 | F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4710 | 108 470.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) |
4711 | 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A | |
4712 | 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 482.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) | |
4713 | -.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) | |
4714 | -.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 | |
4715 | (\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 494.4 S .83 | |
4716 | (yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 | |
4717 | (y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 | |
4718 | (,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 | |
4719 | (hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H | |
4720 | .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 506.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F | |
4721 | (e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 | |
4722 | .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) | |
4723 | -3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 | |
4724 | (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 518.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H | |
4725 | (hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) | |
4726 | .65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 | |
4727 | (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G | |
4728 | .619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) | |
4729 | 108 547.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G | |
4730 | 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 | |
17345e5a JA |
4731 | (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) |
4732 | .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4733 | (ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 559.2 R 1.018 |
4734 | (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C | |
4735 | 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 | |
4736 | (ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 571.2 Q | |
17345e5a | 4737 | (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) |
a0c0a00f | 4738 | -.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 588 R F3 |
17345e5a | 4739 | (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4740 | (xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 |
4741 | (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 | |
4742 | (yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 600 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F | |
4743 | .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 | |
17345e5a JA |
4744 | .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H |
4745 | .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4746 | -.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 612 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 |
4747 | (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 | |
17345e5a | 4748 | (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4749 | 108 624 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 640.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ |
4750 | tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 652.8 | |
4751 | R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 | |
4752 | (name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 664.8 R .196(en from the v) | |
4753 | -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G | |
ac50fbac | 4754 | 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4755 | (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 |
4756 | E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ | |
ac50fbac | 4757 | es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
4758 | nd the k)108 676.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 |
4759 | (va)108 688.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) | |
4760 | 6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 | |
4761 | (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 | |
4762 | (lines are ignored.)108 700.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 | |
4763 | (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 | |
4764 | (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 | |
4765 | (indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 712.8 R | |
4766 | (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E | |
4767 | (ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 729.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F | |
4768 | -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) | |
4769 | 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 | |
4770 | (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
4771 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4772 | %%Page: 38 38 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4773 | %%BeginPageSetup |
4774 | BP | |
4775 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4776 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
4777 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(add their o)108 84 | |
4778 | Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(re).15 G | |
4779 | (xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 | |
4780 | G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 129.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 | |
4781 | 141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 153.6 | |
4782 | Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G | |
4783 | (uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4784 | (cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) | |
4785 | -.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 170.4 R 1.261 | |
4786 | (wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G | |
4787 | (BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 | |
4788 | E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E | |
4789 | F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 182.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 | |
4790 | (SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G | |
4791 | (B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 | |
4792 | 199.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G | |
4793 | 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) | |
4794 | -2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 211.2 Q F1(macr) | |
4795 | 2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 228 Q | |
4796 | (ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 240 R .666 | |
4797 | -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 | |
4798 | .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 | |
4799 | (All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) | |
4800 | 108 252 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 | |
4801 | (equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) | |
4802 | 5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 264 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 | |
4803 | (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 | |
4804 | (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) | |
4805 | 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 | |
4806 | (ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 276 Q .161(When using the form)108 292.8 R F2 | |
4807 | -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 | |
4808 | E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 | |
4809 | (is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) | |
4810 | .15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 304.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) | |
4811 | 144 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E | |
4812 | (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 340.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E | |
4813 | (Control-o: "> output")144 352.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 369.6 R .998 -.15 | |
4814 | (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 | |
4815 | (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G | |
4816 | (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 | |
4817 | (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 381.6 Q F2 | |
4818 | (backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 | |
4819 | (C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 | |
17345e5a | 4820 | (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4821 | 393.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 |
4822 | (into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 410.4 R F2("k)2.555 | |
4823 | E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) | |
4824 | 2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 | |
4825 | (fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 | |
4826 | (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 | |
4827 | (denoting an entire k)108 422.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ | |
17345e5a | 4828 | ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4829 | (Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 434.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H |
4830 | .385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 | |
4831 | (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F | |
4832 | (are not recognized.)108 446.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve) | |
17345e5a | 4833 | -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
4834 | ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 482.4 Q |
4835 | ("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 | |
4836 | (In this e)108 511.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) | |
4837 | 3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 | |
4838 | G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 | |
4839 | .314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 523.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G | |
4840 | <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 | |
ac50fbac CR |
4841 | (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 |
4842 | (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4843 | (The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 540 Q F2 |
4844 | <5c43ad>144 552 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 552 Q F2<5c4dad>144 564 Q F0 | |
4845 | (meta pre\214x)180 564 Q F2(\\e)144 576 Q F0(an escape character)180 576 | |
4846 | Q F2(\\\\)144 588 Q F0(backslash)180 588 Q F2(\\")144 600 Q F0 | |
4847 | (literal ")180 600 Q F2<5c08>144 612 Q F0(literal \010)180 612 Q(In add\ | |
4848 | ition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslas\ | |
4849 | h escapes is a)108 628.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 640.8 | |
4850 | Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 640.8 Q F2(\\b)144 652.8 Q F0(backspace)180 | |
4851 | 652.8 Q F2(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0(delete)180 664.8 Q F2(\\f)144 676.8 Q F0 | |
4852 | (form feed)180 676.8 Q F2(\\n)144 688.8 Q F0(ne)180 688.8 Q(wline)-.25 E | |
4853 | F2(\\r)144 700.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 700.8 Q F2(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0 | |
4854 | (horizontal tab)180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 | |
4855 | E(38)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4856 | %%Page: 39 39 | |
4857 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4858 | BP | |
4859 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4860 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4861 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4862 | SF(\\v)144 84 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 84 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 96 Q/F2 | |
4863 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q | |
4864 | (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
4865 | (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 108 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
4866 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 108 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
4867 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
4868 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 | |
4869 | 124.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ | |
4870 | dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 136.8 R .09 | |
4871 | (xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) | |
4872 | 5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F | |
4873 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 148.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F | |
4874 | (will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E | |
4875 | (xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E | |
4876 | .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 | |
4877 | (indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 | |
4878 | -.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 | |
4879 | (The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 177.6 R .346 -.15 | |
4880 | (ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 | |
4881 | (option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 | |
4882 | (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 189.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E | |
495aee44 | 4883 | (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 4884 | (Readline V)87 206.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 218.4 |
495aee44 | 4885 | R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F |
17345e5a | 4886 | (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4887 | (riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 230.4 Q(c)-.37 E |
4888 | F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 247.2 Q F2 | |
17345e5a | 4889 | (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 |
a0c0a00f | 4890 | 264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) |
495aee44 | 4891 | -.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4892 | F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) |
4893 | 108 276 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F | |
4894 | .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 | |
4895 | (alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 | |
495aee44 CR |
4896 | (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) |
4897 | 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4898 | F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 |
4899 | (he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 | |
4900 | 300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 316.8 Q F0 .01 | |
4901 | (Controls what happens when readline w)144 328.8 R .011 | |
4902 | (ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) | |
4903 | 2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E | |
4904 | .94(rings the bell.)144 340.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E | |
4905 | F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 | |
4906 | (va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 | |
4907 | (,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 352.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G | |
4908 | (ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 364.8 Q F0 | |
4909 | .055(If set to)144 376.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ | |
4910 | empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F | |
4911 | (ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 388.8 Q -.15 | |
17345e5a | 4912 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4913 | -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 400.8 Q(en \(Off\)) |
4914 | -.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 412.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 | |
4915 | (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 | |
4916 | (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F | |
4917 | (parenthesis is inserted.)144 424.8 Q F1(color)108 436.8 Q | |
4918 | (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) | |
4919 | 144 448.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ | |
4920 | eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F | |
4921 | 2.936(completions using a dif)144 460.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F | |
4922 | 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 | |
4923 | (en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 472.8 Q | |
4924 | F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 484.8 Q | |
4925 | (ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 496.8 R F1(On)4.079 E | |
4926 | F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) | |
4927 | -4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 | |
4928 | (type. The)144 508.8 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) | |
4929 | -.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 | |
4930 | E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 520.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) | |
4931 | -.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 532.8 R | |
4932 | F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
4933 | 3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 544.8 Q F1 | |
495aee44 | 4934 | (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
4935 | (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 |
4936 | 556.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ | |
4937 | matches when performing completion.)144 568.8 R .194(The v)144 580.8 R | |
4938 | .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ | |
4939 | screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F | |
4940 | (cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 592.8 Q(The def)5 E | |
4941 | (ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 604.8 Q | |
4942 | (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 616.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
17345e5a | 4943 | (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
4944 | insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 |
4945 | (completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 | |
4946 | 640.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) | |
4947 | 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F | |
4948 | .093(yphens \()-.05 F F2<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 | |
4949 | F(\()144 652.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) | |
4950 | -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 | |
4951 | H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 664.8 Q | |
4952 | (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ | |
4953 | ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ | |
4954 | splayed)144 676.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 688.8 R 1.274 | |
4955 | (When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) | |
4956 | -.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 700.8 S(lue are rep\ | |
4957 | laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E | |
4958 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
4959 | %%Page: 40 40 | |
4960 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
4961 | BP | |
4962 | %%EndPageSetup | |
4963 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
4964 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
4965 | SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 Q F0 .53 | |
4966 | (This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R .529 | |
4967 | (wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) | |
4968 | 144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F | |
4969 | .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) | |
4970 | -.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 120 R | |
4971 | .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ | |
4972 | the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 132 S .237 | |
495aee44 CR |
4973 | (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) |
4974 | -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
4975 | .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 |
4976 | Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) | |
4977 | 3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 | |
4978 | (rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 | |
4979 | (ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 | |
495aee44 | 4980 | (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4981 | 144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF |
4982 | .542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E | |
4983 | (ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E | |
4984 | F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 | |
4985 | E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R | |
ac50fbac CR |
4986 | F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 |
4987 | (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 | |
0001803f | 4988 | (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) |
a0c0a00f CR |
4989 | 144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 |
4990 | (.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 240 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 | |
4991 | (When set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 | |
4992 | (perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 | |
0001803f | 4993 | (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
4994 | (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 264 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G |
4995 | (board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 276 Q F0 .142 | |
4996 | (Controls whether readline be)144 288 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F | |
4997 | .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 | |
4998 | (or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 | |
4999 | (can be set to either)144 300 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E | |
5000 | F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221 | |
5001 | (When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 | |
5002 | (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 | |
5003 | (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 | |
5004 | (paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ | |
5005 | g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 | |
5006 | (it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) | |
5007 | .15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 | |
5008 | (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) | |
5009 | 144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 | |
5010 | (When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 | |
0001803f CR |
5011 | (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G |
5012 | .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5013 | (tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 |
5014 | G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 | |
5015 | (When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 | |
0001803f CR |
5016 | (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 |
5017 | (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 | |
a0c0a00f | 5018 | (he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q |
0001803f CR |
5019 | (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H |
5020 | 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5021 | (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 |
5022 | 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) | |
5023 | -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 | |
5024 | (ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) | |
5025 | 3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ | |
5026 | the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 | |
5027 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G | |
5028 | (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
5029 | (history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 | |
5030 | (Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G | |
5031 | 3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 | |
5032 | (If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 | |
5033 | (history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 | |
5034 | (ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) | |
5035 | 2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 | |
5036 | (ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F | |
5037 | .278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 | |
5038 | (alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 | |
5039 | F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 | |
5040 | (history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E | |
5041 | (the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 | |
5042 | (horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 | |
5043 | (When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 | |
ac50fbac | 5044 | (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 |
17345e5a JA |
5045 | (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ |
5046 | when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5047 | ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 |
5048 | Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ | |
5049 | e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ | |
5050 | it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) | |
5051 | -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F | |
5052 | .335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) | |
5053 | 144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) | |
5054 | -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 | |
5055 | (,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 | |
5056 | (if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 | |
5057 | (isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) | |
5058 | -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ | |
5059 | ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E | |
5060 | .934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F | |
5061 | .935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 | |
5062 | (alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 | |
5063 | (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E | |
5064 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5065 | %%Page: 41 41 | |
5066 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5067 | BP | |
5068 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5069 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5070 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5071 | SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 | |
5072 | (Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F | |
ac50fbac | 5073 | 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5074 | (map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 |
5075 | (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 | |
5076 | (emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C | |
5077 | (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 | |
5078 | (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) | |
5079 | 2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 | |
5080 | G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C | |
17345e5a JA |
5081 | 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) |
5082 | 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5083 | (editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 |
5084 | E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 | |
5085 | (emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 144 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ | |
5086 | ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ | |
5087 | iting)144 156 R .293(mode is acti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 | |
5088 | G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 | |
5089 | (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 | |
5090 | (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 180 | |
5091 | Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 | |
5092 | (ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 | |
5093 | (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ | |
5094 | n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 192 R | |
5095 | (the mode string.)144 204 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 216 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) | |
5096 | .1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 228 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G | |
5097 | (adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 | |
5098 | (ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) | |
5099 | -.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 240 R | |
ac50fbac | 5100 | 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5101 | -.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) |
5102 | -.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 252 R .62 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5103 | -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F |
5104 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) | |
a0c0a00f | 5105 | 2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 264 R .907 |
ac50fbac | 5106 | (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5107 | (va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 |
5108 | (alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 276 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) | |
ac50fbac CR |
5109 | .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 |
5110 | F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 | |
a0c0a00f | 5111 | (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 288 R(alue,)-.25 |
ac50fbac | 5112 | E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5113 | (ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) |
5114 | -2.551 E(to decide which k)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H | |
5115 | (equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 312 Q(ectories \(On\)) | |
5116 | -.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C | |
17345e5a | 5117 | (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5118 | .15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 336 Q F0(If set to)144 |
5119 | 348 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) | |
495aee44 | 5120 | -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5121 | (*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 360 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E |
5122 | (ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 5123 | 2.675(,c)C .175 |
17345e5a | 5124 | (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 |
a0c0a00f | 5125 | -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 384 |
ac50fbac | 5126 | Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5127 | (match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 396 Q F0 .193(This v)144 408 R |
5128 | .193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 | |
5129 | (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 | |
5130 | (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 | |
5131 | (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 420 R .456 | |
ac50fbac | 5132 | (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5133 | -2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F |
5134 | (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 432 Q F1 | |
5135 | (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 444 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 | |
5136 | 1.586(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ | |
ac50fbac | 5137 | ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5138 | -4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 468 Q |
5139 | (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 | |
5140 | .506(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ | |
ac50fbac | 5141 | display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
5142 | ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 504 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 |
5143 | (The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C | |
5144 | .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 | |
5145 | (if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 516 Q F1 | |
5146 | (page\255completions \(On\))108 528 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 540 R F1(On) | |
ac50fbac CR |
5147 | 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) |
5148 | 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 | |
0001803f | 5149 | (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5150 | (tions at a time.)144 552 Q F1 |
5151 | (print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 564 Q F0 1.319 | |
5152 | (If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ | |
ac50fbac | 5153 | play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5154 | F(order)144 588 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 |
5155 | E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 600 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E | |
5156 | F0 .698(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 | |
17345e5a | 5157 | (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) |
a0c0a00f | 5158 | -3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 624 S |
17345e5a JA |
5159 | 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 |
5160 | (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5161 | (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 636 S(adline) |
5162 | .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E | |
5163 | F0 .303(This alters the def)144 660 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 | |
5164 | (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) | |
5165 | 2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H | |
5166 | (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ | |
5167 | isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 672 R(bell.)144 684 Q F1 | |
5168 | (sho)108 696 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 | |
5169 | (This alters the def)144 708 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 | |
ac50fbac | 5170 | (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) |
a0c0a00f | 5171 | -.1 F F1(sho)144 720 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C |
ac50fbac | 5172 | 4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 |
495aee44 | 5173 | (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5174 | (ore than one possible completion).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
5175 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5176 | %%Page: 42 42 | |
5177 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5178 | BP | |
5179 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5180 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5181 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.039(without an) | |
5182 | 144 84 R 3.539(yp)-.15 G 1.039 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5183 | (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F |
5184 | 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5185 | s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 96 Q/F1 10 |
5186 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 108 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\)) | |
5187 | -.18 E F0 1.019(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5188 | (dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 |
5189 | (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5190 | (\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 132 Q F1 |
5191 | (skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 156 R | |
495aee44 CR |
5192 | F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 |
5193 | (ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 | |
a0c0a00f | 5194 | (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 168 Q |
495aee44 CR |
5195 | 2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 |
5196 | (hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 | |
5197 | F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5198 | the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 180 R |
5199 | 1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 192 Q | |
0001803f | 5200 | (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5201 | (vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 204 Q F0 1.198(This string\ |
5202 | is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ | |
5203 | en vi editing)144 216 R .521(mode is acti)144 228 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 | |
5204 | H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 | |
5205 | F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 | |
5206 | (inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 | |
5207 | 240 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G | |
5208 | 3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) | |
5209 | 144 252 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ | |
5210 | can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
5211 | (minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 264 Q F1 | |
5212 | (vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 276 Q F0 1.198(This string\ | |
5213 | is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ | |
5214 | en vi editing)144 288 R .782(mode is acti)144 300 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 | |
5215 | H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) | |
5216 | -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H | |
5217 | .783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 | |
5218 | (set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 312 R .869 | |
5219 | (es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 | |
5220 | (ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 | |
5221 | 324 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ | |
5222 | be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E | |
5223 | (minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 336 Q F1 | |
5224 | (visible\255stats \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) | |
17345e5a | 5225 | 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 |
ac50fbac CR |
5226 | (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF |
5227 | (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5228 | (when listing possible completions.)144 372 Q F1 |
5229 | (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 388.8 Q F0 .05 | |
5230 | (Readline implements a f)108 400.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ | |
495aee44 | 5231 | he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 |
a0c0a00f | 5232 | (which allo)108 412.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 |
17345e5a | 5233 | (indings and v).15 F .096 |
495aee44 | 5234 | (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5235 | (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
5236 | (su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 441.6 Q F0(The)144 441.6 Q F1($if)2.962 | |
5237 | E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ | |
5238 | he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 | |
5239 | (or the application using readline.)144 453.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 | |
17345e5a JA |
5240 | (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 |
5241 | (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5242 | (are required to isolate it.)144 465.6 Q F1(mode)144 482.4 Q F0(The)180 |
5243 | 482.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 | |
17345e5a JA |
5244 | (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 |
5245 | (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 | |
a0c0a00f | 5246 | (mode. This)180 494.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F |
17345e5a | 5247 | F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) |
a0c0a00f | 5248 | 3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 506.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E |
17345e5a | 5249 | (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5250 | (ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 518.4 |
5251 | Q F1(term)144 535.2 Q F0(The)180 535.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 | |
495aee44 | 5252 | (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 |
a0c0a00f | 5253 | (ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 547.2 R |
17345e5a JA |
5254 | .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 |
5255 | (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5256 | (wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 559.2 Q F1(=)3.232 |
5257 | E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ | |
495aee44 | 5258 | minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 |
a0c0a00f | 5259 | 571.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 |
17345e5a | 5260 | (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 5261 | 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 588 Q F0(The)180 600 |
495aee44 | 5262 | Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 |
17345e5a JA |
5263 | (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F |
5264 | .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 | |
a0c0a00f | 5265 | 612 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 |
495aee44 | 5266 | (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 |
a0c0a00f | 5267 | 624 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 |
495aee44 | 5268 | (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 |
a0c0a00f | 5269 | (ci\214c program.)180 636 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 |
17345e5a | 5270 | (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5271 | (ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 648 Q |
5272 | (vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 672 Q F0 | |
5273 | (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 684 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 | |
5274 | E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 696 Q F1($endif)180 708 Q | |
5275 | F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5276 | %%Page: 43 43 | |
495aee44 CR |
5277 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5278 | BP | |
5279 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5280 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
5281 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5282 | SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) | |
5283 | -.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 | |
5284 | ($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) | |
5285 | 2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
5286 | (cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 | |
5287 | (This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 | |
5288 | (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 | |
5289 | (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) | |
5290 | 144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 | |
5291 | -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 | |
5292 | E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 | |
5293 | E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 | |
17345e5a | 5294 | (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F |
495aee44 | 5295 | /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E |
a0c0a00f | 5296 | .834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q |
17345e5a JA |
5297 | (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E |
5298 | (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 | |
a0c0a00f | 5299 | E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 |
17345e5a | 5300 | (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F |
495aee44 | 5301 | .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 |
a0c0a00f | 5302 | (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 |
17345e5a | 5303 | (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 |
495aee44 | 5304 | E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 |
a0c0a00f | 5305 | (incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G |
ac50fbac CR |
5306 | .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F |
5307 | 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 | |
a0c0a00f | 5308 | (acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) |
ac50fbac | 5309 | 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 |
17345e5a | 5310 | (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 |
a0c0a00f | 5311 | (If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 |
17345e5a | 5312 | (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 5313 | F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ |
ac50fbac CR |
5314 | tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 |
5315 | (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5316 | e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) |
5317 | 108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ | |
5318 | trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 | |
5319 | (search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5320 | (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 |
5321 | (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5322 | (.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H |
5323 | .174 | |
17345e5a | 5324 | (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 |
495aee44 | 5325 | F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E |
a0c0a00f | 5326 | .541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 |
495aee44 | 5327 | (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5328 | (xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q |
5329 | .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R | |
5330 | .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) | |
495aee44 | 5331 | -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 5332 | (ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G |
17345e5a JA |
5333 | (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) |
5334 | -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5335 | re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ |
5336 | h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ | |
5337 | rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 | |
5338 | (The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 | |
17345e5a JA |
5339 | (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 |
5340 | (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5341 | 3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 |
495aee44 CR |
5342 | (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 |
5343 | H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 | |
a0c0a00f | 5344 | (the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E |
495aee44 CR |
5345 | F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E |
5346 | F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) | |
a0c0a00f | 5347 | .15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 |
17345e5a | 5348 | (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E |
0001803f | 5349 | (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5350 | 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 |
5351 | E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 | |
ac50fbac | 5352 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 5353 | (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 |
ac50fbac | 5354 | (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 |
a0c0a00f | 5355 | 559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) |
ac50fbac | 5356 | -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5357 | (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) |
5358 | -.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) | |
5359 | .25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) | |
ac50fbac CR |
5360 | .15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) |
5361 | -.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5362 | (ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q |
5363 | (ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 | |
495aee44 CR |
5364 | (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 |
5365 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5366 | (characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 |
5367 | Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
ac50fbac CR |
5368 | (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 |
5369 | (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5370 | -.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E |
5371 | (43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5372 | %%Page: 44 44 | |
0001803f CR |
5373 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5374 | BP | |
5375 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5376 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
5377 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5378 | SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 | |
5379 | (ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 | |
5380 | (vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 | |
5381 | (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q | |
5382 | F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 | |
5383 | (Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 | |
5384 | (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G | |
5385 | .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F | |
5386 | (current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 | |
5387 | S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 | |
5388 | 168 Q F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E | |
5389 | (accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 | |
5390 | (Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 | |
17345e5a | 5391 | (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) |
495aee44 | 5392 | 5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5393 | (according to the state of the)144 220.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF |
5394 | (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F | |
5395 | .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F | |
5396 | (restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108 | |
5397 | 244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 | |
5398 | (Fetch the pre)144 256.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 | |
5399 | E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8 | |
5400 | Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 | |
5401 | E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 | |
5402 | (beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 292.8 Q F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .3 | |
5403 | -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) | |
5404 | -.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 316.8 Q F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q | |
5405 | .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 | |
5406 | (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 | |
5407 | (re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 | |
5408 | 1.47(Search backw)144 352.8 R 1.471 | |
5409 | (ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 | |
5410 | (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E | |
5411 | (This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S | |
495aee44 | 5412 | (rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5413 | (Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) |
5414 | -.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) | |
5415 | -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 | |
5416 | (non\255incr)108 412.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H | |
5417 | (rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) | |
5418 | 144 424.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ | |
5419 | sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 436.8 S | |
5420 | (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q | |
5421 | (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 | |
5422 | E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 460.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ | |
5423 | a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 | |
5424 | 472.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) | |
5425 | -.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 496.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ | |
5426 | the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F | |
5427 | (and the point.)144 508.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 | |
5428 | (history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) | |
5429 | 144 532.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ | |
5430 | etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 544.8 Q | |
5431 | (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 556.8 Q | |
5432 | 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 | |
5433 | 568.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 | |
495aee44 | 5434 | (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f | 5435 | .622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 580.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 |
495aee44 CR |
5436 | (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 |
5437 | (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 | |
5438 | (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 | |
a0c0a00f | 5439 | (ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 592.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 |
495aee44 CR |
5440 | (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) |
5441 | -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 | |
5442 | (ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 | |
a0c0a00f | 5443 | (ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 604.8 R .282(vious command.) |
495aee44 CR |
5444 | -.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 |
5445 | (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5446 | (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 616.8 Q |
5447 | (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 628.8 Q | |
495aee44 | 5448 | 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 |
a0c0a00f | 5449 | (Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 |
495aee44 | 5450 | (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5451 | (vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 652.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) |
5452 | .4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F | |
5453 | (e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) | |
5454 | -5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) | |
5455 | 2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 664.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 | |
495aee44 CR |
5456 | (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 |
5457 | (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E | |
a0c0a00f | 5458 | 1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 676.8 R(An)6.396 E |
495aee44 CR |
5459 | 3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 |
5460 | (gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5461 | .15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 688.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) |
5462 | -.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) | |
5463 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 | |
ac50fbac | 5464 | (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 |
a0c0a00f | 5465 | (through the history \(back or forw)144 700.8 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F |
ac50fbac CR |
5466 | .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 |
5467 | (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5468 | 712.8 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E |
5469 | (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
5470 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5471 | %%Page: 45 45 | |
5472 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5473 | BP | |
5474 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5475 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5476 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5477 | SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 84 Q F0 .622 | |
5478 | (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 96 R .622 | |
495aee44 | 5479 | (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5480 | (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 108 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 |
5481 | (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 | |
5482 | (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G | |
17345e5a | 5483 | (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5484 | (history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 120 Q F0 .939 |
5485 | (Perform history e)144 132 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
495aee44 CR |
5486 | (See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E |
5487 | (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5488 | -3.438 F(tion of history e)144 144 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) |
5489 | 108 156 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 168 R 1.626 | |
495aee44 CR |
5490 | (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 |
5491 | (HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5492 | (belo)144 180 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E |
5493 | (xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 192 Q F0 .395 | |
5494 | (Perform alias e)144 204 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F | |
5495 | (See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H | |
5496 | .394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 216 Q F1 | |
5497 | (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 228 Q F0 | |
5498 | (Perform history and alias e)144 240 Q(xpansion on the current line.) | |
5499 | -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 252 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) | |
5500 | .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 264 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) | |
17345e5a | 5501 | -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5502 | (operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 276 Q F0 .947 |
5503 | (Accept the current line for e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 | |
495aee44 CR |
5504 | (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 |
5505 | (ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5506 | (history for editing.)144 300 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G |
0001803f | 5507 | (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5508 | (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 312 Q F0(In)144 |
5509 | 324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 | |
17345e5a JA |
5510 | (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 |
5511 | (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 5512 | (attempts to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) |
495aee44 CR |
5513 | -.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 |
5514 | (and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E | |
5515 | 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 | |
a0c0a00f | 5516 | 352.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 364.8 |
ac50fbac | 5517 | Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 |
a0c0a00f | 5518 | (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 376.8 R .799 |
ac50fbac CR |
5519 | (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 |
5520 | (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 | |
a0c0a00f | 5521 | (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 388.8 R |
ac50fbac | 5522 | .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5523 | (as the end of input and returns)144 400.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 |
5524 | (delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 412.8 Q F0 .441 | |
5525 | (Delete the character at point.)144 424.8 R .442 | |
ac50fbac | 5526 | (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 |
a0c0a00f | 5527 | (EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 436.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) |
ac50fbac CR |
5528 | -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H |
5529 | (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) | |
a0c0a00f | 5530 | 108 448.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 460.8 R |
ac50fbac CR |
5531 | 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 |
5532 | (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5533 | (he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 472.8 Q F1 |
5534 | -.25(fo)108 484.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 | |
5535 | (Delete the character under the cursor)144 496.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 | |
495aee44 | 5536 | (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5537 | (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 508.8 Q F1 |
5538 | (quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 520.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 | |
5539 | 532.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 | |
17345e5a | 5540 | (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 |
495aee44 | 5541 | G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5542 | (,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 544.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 |
5543 | (tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 556.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 | |
5544 | (Insert a tab character)144 568.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 | |
5545 | (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 580.8 Q F0 | |
5546 | (Insert the character typed.)144 592.8 Q F1 | |
5547 | (transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 604.8 Q F0 .321 | |
5548 | (Drag the character before point forw)144 616.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 | |
495aee44 CR |
5549 | (ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 |
5550 | (ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 | |
17345e5a | 5551 | (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5552 | 628.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E |
5553 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 640.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E | |
495aee44 | 5554 | .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5555 | (transpose\255w)108 652.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 |
5556 | 664.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) | |
495aee44 CR |
5557 | -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) |
5558 | -2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5559 | (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 676.8 Q 2.5 |
5560 | (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 688.8 Q | |
495aee44 | 5561 | (ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 |
a0c0a00f | 5562 | 700.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F |
495aee44 | 5563 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5564 | (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 712.8 S(rd, b).1 |
5565 | E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 | |
5566 | Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5567 | %%Page: 46 46 | |
5568 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5569 | BP | |
5570 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5571 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5572 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5573 | SF(do)108 84 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 96 Q | |
5574 | 1.647(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 | |
495aee44 CR |
5575 | (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 |
5576 | (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5577 | -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 |
5578 | -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 120 Q | |
5579 | (ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 132 | |
5580 | R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) | |
5581 | -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 | |
5582 | (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 | |
5583 | E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 156 | |
5584 | S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 168 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 | |
5585 | G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5586 | (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 |
5587 | (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 | |
a0c0a00f | 5588 | (Wi)144 180 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 |
ac50fbac CR |
5589 | -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 |
5590 | (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5591 | (fects)-.25 E(only)144 192 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) |
ac50fbac | 5592 | 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5593 | F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 |
5594 | /Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 | |
5595 | (starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 204 R -.15(ove)3.969 G | |
5596 | 1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E | |
5597 | F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F | |
5598 | .957(pushing the te)144 216 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 | |
5599 | (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 | |
5600 | .958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 228 Q | |
5601 | (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 | |
5602 | 244.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 256.8 Q F0 | |
5603 | (Kill the te)144 268.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
5604 | (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 280.8 Q F0(Kill backw) | |
5605 | 144 292.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 | |
5606 | (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 304.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 316.8 | |
17345e5a JA |
5607 | Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E |
5608 | (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) | |
a0c0a00f | 5609 | -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 328.8 Q F0 |
17345e5a | 5610 | (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5611 | 340.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 352.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 |
5612 | (Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 364.8 R .728 | |
495aee44 | 5613 | (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 |
a0c0a00f | 5614 | (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 376.8 S |
17345e5a | 5615 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
5616 | (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 388.8 Q |
5617 | (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 400.8 Q(ord behind point.) | |
0001803f | 5618 | -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5619 | (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 412.8 Q |
5620 | (ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 424.8 | |
5621 | R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F | |
5622 | .729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 436.8 S | |
17345e5a JA |
5623 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E |
5624 | (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5625 | 108 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 460.8 R 3.025 |
5626 | (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 | |
17345e5a | 5627 | (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5628 | 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 472.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q |
5629 | (ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .364 | |
495aee44 CR |
5630 | (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 |
5631 | F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 | |
5632 | (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5633 | 508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) |
5634 | 144 532.8 R .166 | |
17345e5a | 5635 | (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) |
a0c0a00f | 5636 | -.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q |
17345e5a | 5637 | (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5638 | -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0 |
5639 | (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 | |
5640 | 580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re) | |
5641 | -.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E | |
5642 | F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E | |
495aee44 | 5643 | (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 5644 | (copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.8(yt) |
495aee44 CR |
5645 | -.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E |
5646 | (fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 | |
5647 | (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5648 | 652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E |
5649 | (ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 | |
495aee44 CR |
5650 | (ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 |
5651 | E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 | |
5652 | (ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5653 | (ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q |
5654 | F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E | |
5655 | (fer at point.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(46) | |
5656 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5657 | %%Page: 47 47 | |
5658 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5659 | BP | |
5660 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5661 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5662 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5663 | SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0 | |
5664 | (Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 | |
495aee44 | 5665 | (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
5666 | F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q |
5667 | (guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q | |
5668 | (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 | |
5669 | (Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .367 | |
5670 | (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 | |
5671 | (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 | |
5672 | (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G | |
5673 | (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 | |
5674 | E F0 .779(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F | |
5675 | 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 | |
17345e5a JA |
5676 | (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 |
5677 | (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5678 | 184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 |
5679 | 196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) | |
17345e5a JA |
5680 | 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 |
5681 | (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) | |
a0c0a00f | 5682 | -.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898 |
495aee44 | 5683 | (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5684 | (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 |
5685 | (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R 1.23 | |
5686 | (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) | |
5687 | -.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 232.8 R .822 | |
5688 | (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 | |
5689 | (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F | |
5690 | (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 | |
5691 | E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) | |
5692 | 87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 | |
5693 | (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137 | |
17345e5a | 5694 | (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 |
a0c0a00f | 5695 | (attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .532(xt as a v) |
495aee44 CR |
5696 | -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) |
5697 | -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F | |
5698 | .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) | |
a0c0a00f | 5699 | 144 309.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 |
495aee44 | 5700 | (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 |
17345e5a | 5701 | (If none of these pro-)5.701 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5702 | (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1 |
5703 | (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0 | |
5704 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.) | |
5705 | -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783 | |
5706 | (Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783 | |
17345e5a | 5707 | (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H |
495aee44 | 5708 | .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5709 | 381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 |
5710 | 405.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 | |
0001803f | 5711 | F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f | 5712 | 1.193(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 |
495aee44 CR |
5713 | (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 |
5714 | (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 | |
a0c0a00f | 5715 | (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828 |
17345e5a | 5716 | (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 |
a0c0a00f | 5717 | (\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 |
0001803f CR |
5718 | 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F |
5719 | .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 | |
495aee44 | 5720 | E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 |
a0c0a00f | 5721 | (positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F |
17345e5a JA |
5722 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 |
5723 | (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 | |
a0c0a00f | 5724 | E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) |
0001803f | 5725 | 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
5726 | (ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 477.6 Q F0 .82 |
5727 | (Identical to)144 489.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 | |
495aee44 | 5728 | (ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 |
0001803f | 5729 | (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 |
a0c0a00f | 5730 | (menu\255complete)144 501.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 |
0001803f CR |
5731 | (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) |
5732 | .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5733 | F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 513.6 Q F0 .234 |
5734 | (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 525.6 R | |
0001803f | 5735 | .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) |
a0c0a00f | 5736 | 2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 537.6 R -.15 |
0001803f CR |
5737 | (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 |
5738 | (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5739 | (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 549.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 |
5740 | (complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 561.6 Q F0 | |
5741 | (Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 573.6 Q(xt before point.) | |
5742 | -.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 585.6 Q | |
5743 | F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 597.6 Q | |
17345e5a | 5744 | (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5745 | (complete\255user)108 609.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 |
5746 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 621.6 Q | |
495aee44 | 5747 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5748 | 108 633.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 |
5749 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q | |
495aee44 | 5750 | (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5751 | 657.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 |
5752 | 669.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E | |
5753 | F1(possible\255v)108 681.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E | |
5754 | F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q | |
495aee44 | 5755 | (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5756 | (complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 705.6 Q F0 |
5757 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q | |
5758 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 | |
5759 | Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5760 | %%Page: 48 48 | |
5761 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5762 | BP | |
5763 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5764 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5765 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5766 | SF(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 84 Q F0 | |
5767 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q | |
ac50fbac | 5768 | (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5769 | (complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 108 Q F0 .581 |
5770 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .581 | |
495aee44 | 5771 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 |
a0c0a00f | 5772 | (Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 132 R |
17345e5a JA |
5773 | .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F |
5774 | .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5775 | (\214nally e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G |
17345e5a | 5776 | (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5777 | (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 156 Q F0 |
5778 | (List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q | |
17345e5a | 5779 | (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5780 | (dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 180 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 |
5781 | (Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .425 | |
495aee44 | 5782 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 |
17345e5a | 5783 | (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5784 | (for possible completion matches.)144 204 Q F1(dab)108 216 Q(br)-.1 E |
5785 | -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 | |
5786 | (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 228 R .611 | |
495aee44 | 5787 | (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 |
17345e5a | 5788 | (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5789 | (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 240 Q F1 |
5790 | (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 252 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ | |
17345e5a | 5791 | me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ |
a0c0a00f | 5792 | in braces so)144 264 R(the list is a)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G |
17345e5a | 5793 | (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
5794 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 292.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 |
5795 | E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) | |
5796 | .833 E F0(Be)144 316.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E | |
17345e5a | 5797 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
5798 | (board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G |
5799 | (C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 340.8 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
5800 | (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G |
5801 | (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5802 | (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 |
5803 | E F0(Re-e)144 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) | |
495aee44 | 5804 | -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
5805 | appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 376.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 |
5806 | E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 388.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E | |
5807 | F0(Print the last k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
ac50fbac CR |
5808 | (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 |
5809 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f | 5810 | (Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S<ad72>.18 E |
495aee44 | 5811 | (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 |
a0c0a00f | 5812 | (Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
5813 | 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 |
5814 | (indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5815 | 453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.248 |
5816 | (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R | |
495aee44 | 5817 | 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 |
a0c0a00f | 5818 | (bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q |
0001803f | 5819 | (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) |
a0c0a00f | 5820 | C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) |
495aee44 | 5821 | 4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 |
17345e5a | 5822 | (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5823 | (uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q |
5824 | (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
5825 | (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 |
5826 | (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5827 | (undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 |
5828 | (Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 | |
5829 | -2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 | |
5830 | (Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 | |
0001803f | 5831 | F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E |
17345e5a | 5832 | F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
5833 | (return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 |
5834 | (tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q | |
495aee44 | 5835 | (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5836 | (set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 645.6 Q F0 |
5837 | (Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E | |
17345e5a | 5838 | (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5839 | (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) |
5840 | 144 681.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 | |
17345e5a | 5841 | (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G |
495aee44 | 5842 | 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5843 | 144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 |
5844 | (character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 | |
5845 | 717.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
495aee44 CR |
5846 | 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 |
5847 | (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 | |
5848 | (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5849 | 144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
5850 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5851 | %%Page: 49 49 | |
495aee44 CR |
5852 | %%BeginPageSetup |
5853 | BP | |
5854 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5855 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
5856 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
5857 | SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 | |
5858 | 3.544(Ac)144 96 S 1.044(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15 | |
5859 | (ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 | |
5860 | (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E | |
5861 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
5862 | (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 | |
5863 | (skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.826 | |
5864 | (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) | |
5865 | -.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G | |
5866 | 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 | |
5867 | (Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 | |
5868 | (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F | |
5869 | .331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 | |
5870 | (sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) | |
5871 | -.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) | |
5872 | -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ | |
5873 | y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) | |
5874 | -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E | |
5875 | (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 | |
5876 | 192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) | |
5877 | -.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 | |
5878 | -.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .245 | |
5879 | (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 | |
5880 | (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 | |
5881 | (the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 | |
17345e5a | 5882 | (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 |
495aee44 | 5883 | (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) |
a0c0a00f | 5884 | -.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 |
495aee44 CR |
5885 | (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 |
5886 | (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 | |
a0c0a00f | 5887 | (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 |
495aee44 | 5888 | (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f | 5889 | 1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84 |
495aee44 CR |
5890 | (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 |
5891 | (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5892 | (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 |
17345e5a | 5893 | (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
5894 | (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q |
5895 | (ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791 | |
495aee44 | 5896 | (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 |
a0c0a00f | 5897 | (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 |
ac50fbac | 5898 | R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
5899 | le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) |
5900 | -.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 336 R .176 | |
ac50fbac CR |
5901 | (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 |
5902 | (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 | |
a0c0a00f | 5903 | (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 |
17345e5a JA |
5904 | (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 |
5905 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5906 | 144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) |
5907 | 108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F | |
17345e5a JA |
5908 | .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 |
5909 | (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F | |
a0c0a00f | 5910 | .872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G |
17345e5a JA |
5911 | .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 |
5912 | (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5913 | (ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627 |
5914 | (Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H | |
495aee44 CR |
5915 | .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) |
5916 | 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E | |
a0c0a00f | 5917 | (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q |
0001803f | 5918 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) |
a0c0a00f CR |
5919 | 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 |
5920 | 1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 | |
495aee44 | 5921 | (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) |
a0c0a00f | 5922 | -.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 |
17345e5a | 5923 | (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5924 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 |
5925 | (\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 | |
5926 | (Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 | |
495aee44 | 5927 | (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f | 5928 | 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q |
17345e5a | 5929 | .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 |
495aee44 | 5930 | (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
5931 | (\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q |
5932 | (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q | |
17345e5a | 5933 | (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
5934 | F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 |
5935 | 592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 | |
17345e5a | 5936 | (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F |
a0c0a00f | 5937 | F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 |
495aee44 | 5938 | (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) |
17345e5a | 5939 | 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 |
495aee44 | 5940 | F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) |
a0c0a00f | 5941 | -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 |
495aee44 | 5942 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 |
a0c0a00f | 5943 | (First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .497 |
495aee44 CR |
5944 | (If the command w)5.497 F .498 |
5945 | (ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 | |
a0c0a00f | 5946 | 645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 |
495aee44 CR |
5947 | (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) |
5948 | 2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) | |
5949 | 5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5950 | used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .823 |
5951 | (for the w)108 669.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F | |
495aee44 | 5952 | .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ |
a0c0a00f | 5953 | ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ |
495aee44 | 5954 | r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ |
a0c0a00f | 5955 | rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 |
495aee44 CR |
5956 | (If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 |
5957 | G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) | |
a0c0a00f | 5958 | 108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E |
495aee44 | 5959 | .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
5960 | matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 |
5961 | (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E | |
5962 | (49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
5963 | %%Page: 50 50 | |
5964 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
5965 | BP | |
5966 | %%EndPageSetup | |
5967 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
5968 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found, the def)108 | |
5969 | 84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
5970 | (completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 | |
5971 | (Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 | |
5972 | (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R | |
495aee44 | 5973 | .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f | 5974 | .463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .595 |
495aee44 CR |
5975 | (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 |
5976 | (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5977 | (shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E |
5978 | F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 | |
5979 | G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 | |
ac50fbac | 5980 | (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 |
a0c0a00f | 5981 | (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S |
ac50fbac | 5982 | .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 |
a0c0a00f | 5983 | (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 |
ac50fbac | 5984 | (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
5985 | (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 |
5986 | (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q | |
ac50fbac CR |
5987 | .321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 |
5988 | F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
5989 | (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 |
5990 | 194.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 | |
5991 | (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F | |
5992 | .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 | |
5993 | (using brace e)108 206.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 | |
5994 | (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 | |
5995 | (xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 | |
5996 | 218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H | |
5997 | (nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 | |
5998 | 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 | |
5999 | 230.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 | |
495aee44 CR |
6000 | (rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 |
6001 | (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 | |
a0c0a00f | 6002 | (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q |
495aee44 | 6003 | (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 |
a0c0a00f | 6004 | (After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 |
495aee44 | 6005 | (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6006 | (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E |
6007 | F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 | |
495aee44 | 6008 | (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 |
17345e5a | 6009 | (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6010 | (d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 |
6011 | (COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 | |
495aee44 | 6012 | (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 |
a0c0a00f | 6013 | (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 |
495aee44 | 6014 | (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6015 | 295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G |
6016 | .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 | |
17345e5a | 6017 | (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 |
ac50fbac | 6018 | (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6019 | (the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 |
6020 | (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C | |
ac50fbac | 6021 | 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6022 | -.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 319.2 R .264 |
6023 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) | |
ac50fbac | 6024 | -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 |
a0c0a00f | 6025 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 331.2 |
ac50fbac CR |
6026 | R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 |
6027 | (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 | |
a0c0a00f | 6028 | (No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 343.2 R |
ac50fbac CR |
6029 | .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ |
6030 | tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6031 | 108 355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) |
6032 | -2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G | |
6033 | 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F | |
6034 | 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 | |
6035 | (acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
6036 | 2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) | |
6037 | .65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 | |
6038 | (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 | |
6039 | Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne) | |
6040 | 108 412.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 | |
6041 | (ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6042 | (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) |
6043 | -2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 | |
a0c0a00f | 6044 | (va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 424.8 |
ac50fbac CR |
6045 | R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ |
6046 | d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6047 | 436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 |
6048 | (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R | |
6049 | 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 | |
6050 | E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 465.6 R | |
495aee44 | 6051 | .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 |
a0c0a00f | 6052 | (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 |
495aee44 | 6053 | (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6054 | (the w)108 477.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G |
6055 | (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 | |
17345e5a | 6056 | (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) |
a0c0a00f | 6057 | -.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 489.6 R |
495aee44 CR |
6058 | (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 |
6059 | (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
6060 | 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6061 | -3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 |
6062 | (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 | |
6063 | (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
6064 | 3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 513.6 Q F0 | |
6065 | (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 | |
6066 | (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 | |
6067 | 530.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 | |
6068 | F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E | |
6069 | F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) | |
6070 | 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ | |
6071 | tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .246 | |
6072 | (If the pre)108 559.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) | |
6073 | -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) | |
6074 | 2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F | |
6075 | F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E | |
6076 | (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 | |
6077 | (If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 | |
6078 | F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 | |
17345e5a | 6079 | (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6080 | F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G |
6081 | (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 | |
6082 | (By def)108 616.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 | |
6083 | (ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 | |
6084 | (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F | |
6085 | .632(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 | |
6086 | E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 | |
6087 | (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 | |
6088 | (ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R | |
6089 | .558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) | |
6090 | 3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 | |
6091 | (when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 | |
6092 | (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 | |
17345e5a | 6093 | (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6094 | -.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 |
6095 | (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 6096 | 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F |
a0c0a00f | 6097 | 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F |
ac50fbac | 6098 | (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 |
a0c0a00f | 6099 | 676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) |
ac50fbac | 6100 | 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ |
a0c0a00f | 6101 | desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .632(tions force\ |
ac50fbac | 6102 | readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
6103 | to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.762 |
6104 | (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 | |
6105 | (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 | |
6106 | (rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 729.6 | |
0001803f | 6107 | Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
6108 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP |
6109 | %%Page: 51 51 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6110 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6111 | BP | |
6112 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6113 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
6114 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 | |
6115 | (There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R | |
6116 | .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 | |
6117 | (tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 | |
6118 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 | |
6119 | (sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
6120 | 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ | |
6121 | should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) | |
6122 | -.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ | |
6123 | ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R | |
6124 | .665(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .666 | |
6125 | (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 | |
6126 | (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 | |
6127 | 144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 | |
6128 | G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 | |
6129 | (ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ | |
6130 | ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 | |
6131 | (Fo)108 172.8 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 | |
6132 | (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F | |
6133 | .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F | |
6134 | (the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E | |
6135 | (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 | |
6136 | E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 | |
6137 | (.")144 225.6 S | |
0001803f | 6138 | (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6139 | 237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 |
6140 | 249.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 | |
6141 | .372(When the)108 290.4 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 | |
6142 | (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 | |
6143 | (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 | |
6144 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 | |
6145 | (the list of commands pre)108 302.4 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 | |
6146 | (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) | |
6147 | 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 | |
6148 | F .43(mands to sa)108 314.4 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 | |
6149 | (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 | |
6150 | (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) | |
6151 | -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 | |
0001803f | 6152 | (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6153 | 326.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E |
6154 | (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 | |
6155 | S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 | |
17345e5a | 6156 | (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 |
0001803f | 6157 | (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 6158 | (and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 350.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) |
495aee44 | 6159 | A F0 .082 |
17345e5a | 6160 | (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6161 | 108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 |
6162 | E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 | |
6163 | 379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 | |
17345e5a | 6164 | (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6165 | .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 |
6166 | (lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 | |
6167 | (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 | |
6168 | .659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 403.2 S | |
ac50fbac CR |
6169 | .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 |
6170 | (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 | |
a0c0a00f | 6171 | (When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 415.2 Q 1.604 |
ac50fbac CR |
6172 | (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 |
6173 | (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 | |
a0c0a00f | 6174 | (stamps for the preceding history line.)108 427.2 R .098 |
ac50fbac | 6175 | (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F |
a0c0a00f | 6176 | .098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 439.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E |
ac50fbac CR |
6177 | F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 |
6178 | (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6179 | ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 |
6180 | (copied from the history list to)108 451.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A | |
6181 | F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 | |
6182 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 | |
6183 | 463.2 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6184 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 |
6185 | (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6186 | .197(history \214le is o)108 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) |
6187 | .15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ | |
6188 | unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 | |
6189 | (If the)108 487.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 | |
ac50fbac | 6190 | G .584 |
0001803f | 6191 | (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6192 | F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 499.2 R |
6193 | 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 | |
6194 | (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 | |
6195 | (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 | |
6196 | (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 511.2 | |
6197 | R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G | |
6198 | 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 | |
6199 | (truncated to contain no more than)108 523.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E | |
ac50fbac | 6200 | F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 |
a0c0a00f | 6201 | (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 535.2 Q |
ac50fbac | 6202 | (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
6203 | (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 |
6204 | (The b)108 552 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)2.798 | |
6205 | E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) | |
6206 | 2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) | |
6207 | -.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 564 R(The) | |
6208 | 5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 | |
6209 | (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 | |
6210 | (manipulate the history \214le.)108 576 R .001 | |
6211 | (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) | |
6212 | -.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 588 Q | |
6213 | (vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 604.8 | |
6214 | R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 | |
17345e5a | 6215 | (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6216 | -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 |
6217 | E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G | |
6218 | .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) | |
6219 | -.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 | |
6220 | (cmdhist)108 628.8 Q F0 .75 | |
17345e5a JA |
6221 | (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 |
6222 | -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 | |
a0c0a00f | 6223 | (the same history entry)108 640.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 |
17345e5a | 6224 | (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6225 | 1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 |
6226 | .374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 652.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 | |
6227 | H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 | |
6228 | (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 | |
6229 | (description of the)108 664.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 | |
0001803f | 6230 | (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F |
a0c0a00f | 6231 | (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 |
495aee44 | 6232 | (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6233 | 676.8 Q F3(HIST)72 693.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E |
6234 | (ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 705.6 R .611 | |
6235 | (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 | |
6236 | (xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 | |
6237 | (describes what syntax features are a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 | |
6238 | (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 | |
6239 | (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F | |
6240 | 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 729.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 | |
6241 | (option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 | |
6242 | (iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 | |
6243 | (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E | |
6244 | (51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6245 | %%Page: 52 52 | |
6246 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6247 | BP | |
6248 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6249 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6250 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.5 | |
6251 | (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H | |
6252 | (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E | |
6253 | 1.305(History e)108 100.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ | |
6254 | ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ | |
6255 | t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 112.8 R .21(guments to a pre) | |
6256 | -.18 F .209 | |
495aee44 | 6257 | (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6258 | F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 124.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 |
6259 | 141.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ | |
6260 | s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S 3.2 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6261 | (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 |
6262 | (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 | |
6263 | (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6264 | 3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 165.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ |
6265 | tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 | |
6266 | (The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 177.6 R/F1 | |
6267 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 | |
6268 | (nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor) | |
6269 | 3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 189.6 | |
6270 | Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 | |
6271 | (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 | |
6272 | (line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F | |
6273 | (ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 201.6 R -.15 | |
6274 | (ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 | |
6275 | (-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 | |
6276 | (one w)108 213.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 | |
6277 | (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 | |
6278 | (xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 225.6 Q | |
6279 | /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678 | |
6280 | (ault. Only)-.1 F .178(backslash \()2.678 F F2(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a) | |
6281 | .833 G .178(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 | |
6282 | (xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 | |
6283 | (tory e)108 237.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ | |
6284 | it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F | |
6285 | (double-quoted string.)108 249.6 Q(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 | |
495aee44 | 6286 | (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 |
17345e5a | 6287 | (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6288 | F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 278.4 T |
6289 | 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G | |
17345e5a JA |
6290 | .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) |
6291 | -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6292 | (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E |
6293 | F0(will also inhibit e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15 | |
6294 | (ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E | |
6295 | F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 | |
6296 | (vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 319.2 R F2 | |
0001803f CR |
6297 | (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 |
6298 | (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) | |
6299 | 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6300 | -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ |
6301 | stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 331.2 R | |
6302 | 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 | |
6303 | (is reloaded into the)108 343.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
6304 | 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) | |
6305 | -.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 | |
6306 | (is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 355.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 | |
6307 | 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 | |
17345e5a | 6308 | (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6309 | 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 367.2 S -.25(ff).2 G |
6310 | 1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 | |
6311 | (option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 | |
6312 | (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 379.2 | |
6313 | S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556 | |
6314 | E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G | |
6315 | .055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F | |
6316 | (end of the history list without actually e)108 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
17345e5a | 6317 | (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G |
a0c0a00f | 6318 | (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 408 R 2.2 |
17345e5a | 6319 | (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6320 | -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 |
6321 | 420 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) | |
6322 | .15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 | |
17345e5a | 6323 | (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6324 | (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 432 Q F2 |
6325 | (Ev)87 448.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 460.8 R -.15(ve) | |
495aee44 | 6326 | -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
6327 | history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) |
6328 | 108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 | |
6329 | (ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 489.6 | |
6330 | Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.608 | |
6331 | (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 | |
6332 | (,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F | |
6333 | (\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 | |
6334 | (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
6335 | (iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 | |
6336 | 513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 | |
6337 | (Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 | |
6338 | (!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E | |
6339 | (This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) | |
6340 | A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ | |
6341 | on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144 561.6 Q | |
6342 | F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the\ | |
6343 | most recent command preceding the current position in the history list\ | |
6344 | containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144 597.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing) | |
6345 | -5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo) | |
6346 | 2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 | |
6347 | SF(^)108 614.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 | |
6348 | .783(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 | |
6349 | (vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F1 | |
6350 | (string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 | |
6351 | (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 | |
495aee44 | 6352 | (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6353 | (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 |
6354 | (The entire command line typed so f)144 645.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 | |
6355 | -.75(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.314 | |
17345e5a | 6356 | (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6357 | -.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 |
6358 | (separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F | |
6359 | .529(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G | |
17345e5a JA |
6360 | 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 |
6361 | (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 | |
6362 | ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6363 | -3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 |
6364 | (are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.301 | |
6365 | (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 | |
6366 | (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F | |
6367 | (inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q | |
6368 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6369 | %%Page: 53 53 | |
17345e5a JA |
6370 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6371 | BP | |
6372 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6373 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
6374 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6375 | SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 | |
6376 | (ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 | |
6377 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) | |
6378 | A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 | |
6379 | (gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 | |
6380 | (The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) | |
6381 | 2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 | |
6382 | (xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 | |
6383 | 144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0(The w)144 156 Q | |
6384 | (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 | |
6385 | (x)108.77 168 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 168 S(ange of w)-2.5 E | |
6386 | (ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E | |
6387 | F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 180 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 180 R .316 | |
6388 | (ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F | |
6389 | .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 | |
6390 | (is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F | |
6391 | (just one w)144 192 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6392 | (nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 204 Q F0 | |
6393 | (Abbre)144 204 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 216 Q | |
6394 | F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 | |
6395 | (x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 | |
6396 | 232.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6397 | (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E | |
6398 | -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 249.6 Q F0 .183 | |
6399 | (After the optional w)108 261.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 | |
6400 | G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F | |
6401 | .184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 273.6 Q F1(h) | |
6402 | 108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H | |
ac50fbac | 6403 | (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) |
a0c0a00f | 6404 | 108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H |
ac50fbac | 6405 | (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6406 | 108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E |
6407 | (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E | |
6408 | (ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15 | |
6409 | (ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 | |
6410 | 338.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 338.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E | |
6411 | (ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 350.4 Q F0 | |
6412 | (Quote the substituted w)144 350.4 Q | |
6413 | (ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 362.4 Q F0 | |
6414 | (Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 | |
6415 | 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) | |
6416 | 2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 374.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E | |
6417 | F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 386.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 | |
6418 | (for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) | |
6419 | 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G | |
6420 | .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 398.4 R .617 | |
17345e5a | 6421 | (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6422 | 5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 |
6423 | F .666(be quoted in)144 410.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) | |
17345e5a JA |
6424 | 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 |
6425 | (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 | |
6426 | (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6427 | F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 422.4 R |
6428 | (If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 | |
6429 | F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 | |
6430 | (fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E | |
6431 | (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 434.4 Q F2(string) | |
17345e5a | 6432 | 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6433 | (&)108 446.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 446.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E |
6434 | F1(g)108 458.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 458.4 R -.15 | |
6435 | (ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 | |
6436 | (nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A | |
6437 | F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 470.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 | |
6438 | (ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 | |
6439 | (used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 | |
6440 | (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 | |
6441 | (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 482.4 R | |
6442 | -.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 | |
6443 | (may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 494.4 Q F0 | |
6444 | (.)A F1(G)108 506.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 506.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) | |
6445 | A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 | |
6446 | (ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 523.2 Q | |
6447 | (UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 | |
6448 | (Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 535.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ | |
6449 | ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 | |
6450 | 547.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 .034 | |
6451 | (to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 | |
6452 | (,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E | |
6453 | F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) | |
6454 | .2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 559.2 R F1<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E | |
6455 | 6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 | |
6456 | (,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 | |
6457 | E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) | |
6458 | -4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F | |
6459 | .261(process ar)108 571.2 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) | |
6460 | -.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E | |
6461 | F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 | |
6462 | (guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 | |
6463 | (speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 583.2 R 1.154 | |
6464 | (guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>3.654 E F0 1.154 | |
6465 | (as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 | |
6466 | <adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6467 | (nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 613.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A | |
6468 | (guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 625.2 R .452 | |
6469 | (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) | |
6470 | -.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F | |
6471 | 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 637.2 R | |
6472 | (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 654 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 | |
6473 | ([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 666 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 | |
6474 | (\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 | |
6475 | (Read and e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 | |
6476 | (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 | |
6477 | (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 | |
6478 | (status of the last command e)144 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458(cuted from) | |
6479 | .15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2(\214lename) | |
6480 | 5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608 | |
6481 | (names in)144 702 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 | |
6482 | .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename) | |
6483 | 3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 | |
6484 | -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 | |
6485 | G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 | |
6486 | .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 | |
6487 | (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 | |
6488 | (\214le is found in)144 726 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 | |
17345e5a JA |
6489 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 |
6490 | E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6491 | (iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 |
6492 | Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6493 | %%Page: 54 54 | |
6494 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6495 | BP | |
6496 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6497 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6498 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 | |
6499 | SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112 | |
6500 | (If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 | |
6501 | E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112 | |
6502 | (ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 | |
6503 | 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697 | |
6504 | (the positional parameters are unchanged.)4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F | |
6505 | /F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F(enabled,) | |
6506 | 144 108 Q F3(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an)3.618 F 3.618 | |
6507 | (yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F3(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C | |
6508 | 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118(ot, an) | |
6509 | -3.618 F(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117(trap string is sa) | |
6510 | 3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 | |
6511 | (restored around the call to)144 120 R F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86 | |
6512 | (,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F3 | |
6513 | (DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 | |
6514 | (cutes. If).15 F F3<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 | |
6515 | (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 132 R F3(DEB)3.935 E | |
6516 | (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 | |
6517 | (alue is retained when)-4.185 F F3(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 | |
6518 | (completes. The)144 144 R 1.262 | |
6519 | (return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 | |
6520 | (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 156 Q -.15 | |
6521 | (xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 | |
6522 | (is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E | |
6523 | F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) | |
6524 | -2.5 E F3(Alias)144 184.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 | |
6525 | (guments or with the)-.18 F F3<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 | |
6526 | (option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.224 E | |
6527 | F2(name)144 196.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F | |
495aee44 CR |
6528 | .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 |
6529 | (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6530 | 3.08 E F0(whose)144 208.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 |
6531 | (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) | |
6532 | 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 | |
6533 | (ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 | |
6534 | (tution when the alias is e)144 220.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 | |
6535 | (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 | |
6536 | (gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 | |
6537 | F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 232.8 R 1.314 | |
6538 | (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6539 | (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F |
6540 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6541 | (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 244.8 Q F3(bg)108 261.6 Q F0([) |
6542 | 2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 | |
6543 | 273.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 | |
6544 | (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E | |
6545 | F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 285.6 Q F0 .672 | |
ac50fbac | 6546 | (is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) |
a0c0a00f | 6547 | -3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 |
ac50fbac | 6548 | (bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 |
a0c0a00f | 6549 | (when job control is disabled or)144 297.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 |
ac50fbac CR |
6550 | (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G |
6551 | (peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6552 | (ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 309.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 |
6553 | E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 | |
6554 | 2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 | |
6555 | <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad71>-2.5 E F2 | |
6556 | (function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
6557 | F3<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0 | |
6558 | ([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad66>2.5 E F2 | |
6559 | (\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 | |
6560 | G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 | |
6561 | (shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) | |
495aee44 | 6562 | 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6563 | (function\255name)A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) |
6564 | 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C | |
6565 | (adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 398.4 R F3 -.18(re) | |
ac50fbac CR |
6566 | 2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 |
6567 | (nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6568 | (equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) |
6569 | 2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 410.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E | |
ac50fbac CR |
6570 | F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F |
6571 | .476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 | |
a0c0a00f | 6572 | (.inputr)144 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 |
ac50fbac CR |
6573 | (ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F |
6574 | .483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6575 | (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 434.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 |
6576 | E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6d>144 | |
6577 | 446.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 458.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G | |
ac50fbac CR |
6578 | (ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) |
6579 | .15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E | |
a0c0a00f | 6580 | F2 -.1(ke)180 470.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 |
ac50fbac | 6581 | (emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 |
17345e5a | 6582 | (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
6583 | (vi\255command)180 482.4 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) |
6584 | 4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G | |
6585 | 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A | |
6586 | (ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 494.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 | |
6587 | (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 | |
6588 | (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3<ad6c>144 506.4 Q F0 | |
6589 | (List the names of all)180 506.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
6590 | (functions.)2.5 E F3<ad70>144 518.4 Q F0(Display)180 518.4 Q F3 -.18(re) | |
6591 | 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E | |
6592 | (ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad50>144 530.4 | |
6593 | Q F0(List current)180 530.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 | |
6594 | (function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3<ad73>144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 | |
6595 | 542.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 | |
6596 | G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) | |
6597 | -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 554.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G | |
6598 | (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad53>144 566.4 Q | |
6599 | F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 | |
6600 | (ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) | |
6601 | -.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3<ad76>144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18 | |
6602 | (re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E | |
17345e5a | 6603 | (alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6604 | (an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad56>144 590.4 Q F0(List current)180 590.4 Q |
6605 | F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E | |
6606 | (alues.)-.25 E F3<ad66>144 602.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 | |
6607 | 614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A | |
6608 | F3<ad71>144 626.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 638.4 Q | |
17345e5a | 6609 | -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H |
a0c0a00f CR |
6610 | (he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad75>144 650.4 Q F2(function) |
6611 | 2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 662.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G | |
6612 | (ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad72>144 674.4 Q | |
6613 | F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 | |
495aee44 | 6614 | -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6615 | (.)A F3<ad78>144 698.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F3(:)A F2 |
6616 | (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 6617 | 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) |
495aee44 | 6618 | -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6619 | (When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 722.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) |
6620 | 4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 | |
6621 | (READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 | |
6622 | (riable to the contents of the).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
6623 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6624 | %%Page: 55 55 | |
6625 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6626 | BP | |
6627 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6628 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6629 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6630 | SF -.18(re)180 84 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 | |
6631 | (fer and the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25 | |
6632 | (va)3.603 G 1.353(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012 | |
6633 | (insertion point.)180 96 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 | |
6634 | (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F2 | |
6635 | (READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 108 Q/F3 9 | |
0001803f | 6636 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6637 | (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 120 |
6638 | Q F0 .829(List all k)180 120 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 | |
ac50fbac | 6639 | (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6640 | .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 132 Q(The return v) |
6641 | 144 148.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 | |
17345e5a | 6642 | (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6643 | E F1(br)108 165.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 |
6644 | (])A .055(Exit from within a)144 177.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0 | |
6645 | (,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E | |
6646 | F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0 .055 | |
6647 | (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6648 | (ls.).15 E F4(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 | |
6649 | E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 189.6 Q F4(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ | |
495aee44 CR |
6650 | number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 |
6651 | (xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6652 | 201.6 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 |
6653 | (bu)108 218.4 S(iltin).2 E F4(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E | |
6654 | F4(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 230.4 Q .793 | |
6655 | (ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F4 | |
495aee44 CR |
6656 | (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 |
6657 | F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 | |
ac50fbac | 6658 | (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6659 | 242.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 |
6660 | 254.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 6661 | -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
6662 | 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 266.4 Q(alse if)-.1 |
6663 | E F4(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E | |
6664 | (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)C(pr) | |
6665 | .2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 295.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F | |
6666 | 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 | |
17345e5a | 6667 | (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6668 | .254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 307.2 Q |
6669 | (ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F4 -.2 | |
6670 | (ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 | |
495aee44 | 6671 | (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F |
a0c0a00f | 6672 | .253(subroutine call.)144 319.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 |
495aee44 | 6673 | G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 |
a0c0a00f | 6674 | F F4 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 |
495aee44 | 6675 | (displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ |
17345e5a | 6676 | tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
6677 | ent e)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) |
6678 | 144 343.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 | |
495aee44 | 6679 | (xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) |
a0c0a00f | 6680 | 5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 355.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 |
495aee44 | 6681 | (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6682 | (cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F4 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 |
6683 | (does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 367.2 Q | |
6684 | (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
6685 | <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F4 | |
6686 | (dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 396 R F4(dir) | |
6687 | 2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F4(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 | |
6688 | (is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HOME)2.822 E | |
6689 | F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 408 R | |
6690 | 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 | |
6691 | (guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F4(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) | |
6692 | 3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 | |
6693 | G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 | |
6694 | (the search path for the directory containing)144 420 R F4(dir)3.349 E | |
6695 | F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F2(CDP)3.35 E -.855 | |
6696 | (AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F4(dir)144 432 Q F0 | |
6697 | 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 | |
6698 | (irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 6699 | .665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6700 | (ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 444 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 |
6701 | G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 | |
6702 | (,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) | |
6703 | .74 G(f)-6.662 E F4(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 | |
6704 | (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 456 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G | |
6705 | (H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 | |
6706 | .191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F | |
6707 | .19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 | |
6708 | (symbolic links while tra)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F4(dir) | |
6709 | 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F4(..)3.62 E F0 | |
6710 | (in)3.62 E F4(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 | |
6711 | .395(option to the)144 480 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 | |
6712 | (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 | |
ac50fbac | 6713 | (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6714 | -.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 492 R F4(..) |
6715 | 2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F4(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F4(..) | |
6716 | 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F4(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 | |
ac50fbac | 6717 | (ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6718 | E .744(the immediately pre)144 504 R .744(vious pathname component from) |
6719 | -.25 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 | |
6720 | F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 516 R F1 | |
6721 | <ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E | |
6722 | F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 | |
ac50fbac | 6723 | (orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6724 | (determined after a successful directory change,)144 528 R F1(cd)2.968 E |
6725 | F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) | |
6726 | 5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 540 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6727 | (option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 |
6728 | (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6729 | 144 552 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 |
6730 | (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 | |
ac50fbac | 6731 | (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6732 | .106(empty directory name from)144 564 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G |
6733 | (H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 | |
ac50fbac | 6734 | (is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6735 | .038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 576 R 2.538(ww) |
6736 | -.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F | |
6737 | (The return v)144 588 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E | |
6738 | (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 | |
6739 | 604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F4(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 | |
6740 | (ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 616.8 Q F4(command)2.764 E F0(with) | |
6741 | 3.334 E F4(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 | |
6742 | (suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 | |
6743 | F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 628.8 R | |
6744 | F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
6745 | 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) | |
6746 | 3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F4(command)3.201 E | |
6747 | F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 640.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F | |
6748 | .399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 | |
0001803f | 6749 | (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6750 | 5.4 E .175(either the)144 652.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> |
6751 | 2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F4(command) | |
6752 | 2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 | |
6753 | (option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 664.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 | |
ac50fbac | 6754 | (ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
6755 | -.1(ke).2 G F4(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 |
6756 | <ad56>144 676.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 | |
6757 | (erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) | |
6758 | 2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 | |
6759 | (xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 688.8 R F4(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 | |
ac50fbac | 6760 | (wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6761 | (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F4 |
6762 | (command)144.2 700.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 | |
ac50fbac | 6763 | (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6764 | (xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 712.8 S |
6765 | (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E | |
6766 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6767 | %%Page: 56 56 | |
17345e5a JA |
6768 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6769 | BP | |
6770 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6771 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
6772 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6773 | SF(compgen)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)A F0 2.5 | |
6774 | (][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .012 | |
6775 | (Generate possible completion matches for)144 96 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 | |
6776 | E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013 | |
6777 | (s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 | |
6778 | (accepted by the)144 108 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 | |
6779 | (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) | |
6780 | 3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) | |
6781 | -3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 120 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 | |
6782 | <ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F | |
6783 | .131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F | |
6784 | (mable completion f)144 132 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G | |
6785 | (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 | |
6786 | E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 156 R .352 | |
6787 | (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ | |
6788 | em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 | |
6789 | 168 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 | |
6790 | F(those completions matching)144 180 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 | |
6791 | (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 204 Q | |
6792 | (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G | |
6793 | (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 | |
6794 | (complete)108 220.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C | |
6795 | F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E | |
6796 | F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> | |
6797 | -3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 | |
6798 | E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 | |
6799 | 232.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 244.8 Q | |
6800 | F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E | |
6801 | (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) | |
6802 | A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 | |
6803 | 256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E | |
6804 | .633(Specify ho)144 268.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 | |
6805 | (uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 | |
6806 | F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 | |
6807 | (option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 | |
6808 | 280.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 | |
6809 | F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 | |
6810 | (reused as input.)144 292.8 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 | |
6811 | (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 | |
6812 | (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C | |
6813 | 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 | |
6814 | (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 304.8 R(The)6.347 E | |
6815 | F1<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) | |
6816 | 3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 316.8 R(`def)-.74 E | |
6817 | (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 | |
6818 | (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 | |
6819 | 328.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 | |
6820 | (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 | |
6821 | (option indicates that)3.455 F .064 | |
6822 | (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 340.8 R | |
6823 | (`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 | |
6824 | (ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F | |
6825 | (tion attempted on a blank line.)144 352.8 Q 1.438 | |
17345e5a | 6826 | (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6827 | 376.8 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 |
6828 | 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E | |
6829 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 | |
6830 | (Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 | |
6831 | (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 | |
6832 | (guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 | |
6833 | (,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) | |
6834 | 144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E | |
6835 | F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 | |
6836 | (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E | |
6837 | (sion before the)144 436.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
6838 | (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 448.8 Q | |
6839 | F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 | |
ac50fbac CR |
6840 | (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') |
6841 | .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6842 | (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F2 |
6843 | (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 | |
6844 | .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E | |
6845 | F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 | |
6846 | 508.8 Q F1(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 | |
6847 | (sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 | |
6848 | (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) | |
6849 | 224 532.8 Q F1(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ | |
6850 | ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F1 | |
6851 | (\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ | |
6852 | e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> | |
6853 | -.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R | |
6854 | 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) | |
6855 | -2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 | |
6856 | 604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q | |
6857 | F1(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 | |
ac50fbac | 6858 | (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6859 | 3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F |
6860 | (\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 652.8 Q | |
6861 | F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ | |
6862 | letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) | |
6863 | 224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 | |
ac50fbac | 6864 | (ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6865 | 676.8 Q F1(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) |
6866 | -.15 G 1.985 | |
6867 | (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F | |
6868 | .584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 | |
6869 | (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 | |
6870 | 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg | |
6871 | EP | |
6872 | %%Page: 57 57 | |
17345e5a JA |
6873 | %%BeginPageSetup |
6874 | BP | |
6875 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6876 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
6877 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
6878 | SF<ad41>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 | |
6879 | (action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E | |
6880 | (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 | |
6881 | 108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> | |
6882 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q | |
6883 | (ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 | |
6884 | (ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) | |
6885 | .2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E | |
6886 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 | |
6887 | Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 | |
6888 | E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q | |
6889 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 | |
6890 | Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 | |
6891 | 240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 | |
6892 | 252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) | |
6893 | -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 | |
6894 | 264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> | |
6895 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 | |
6896 | Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q | |
6897 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 | |
6898 | 312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 | |
6899 | (bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 | |
6900 | Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
6901 | (HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 | |
6902 | (Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G | |
6903 | (ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S | |
6904 | (yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) | |
6905 | -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 | |
6906 | 396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 | |
6907 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 | |
6908 | Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 | |
6909 | Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 | |
6910 | E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 | |
6911 | (shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 | |
6912 | (shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 | |
6913 | (Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 | |
6914 | (Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
6915 | (.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q | |
6916 | (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S | |
6917 | (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F | |
6918 | (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 492 Q F2 | |
6919 | (command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
6920 | 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 | |
17345e5a | 6921 | (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) |
a0c0a00f CR |
6922 | 184 516 Q F1<ad46>144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 |
6923 | (The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F | |
ac50fbac | 6924 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6925 | (vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R |
6926 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 | |
6927 | ($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 | |
ac50fbac | 6928 | (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 |
a0c0a00f | 6929 | (are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 |
ac50fbac | 6930 | ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6931 | (ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 |
6932 | (gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) | |
6933 | -2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 | |
6934 | (ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R | |
6935 | .102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F | |
6936 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) | |
6937 | -.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E | |
6938 | F1<ad47>144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R | |
6939 | 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F | |
6940 | 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q | |
6941 | F1<ad50>144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E | |
6942 | F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 | |
17345e5a | 6943 | (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
6944 | -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1<ad53>144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E |
6945 | <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 6946 | (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6947 | E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E |
6948 | (dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 | |
6949 | (is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 | |
6950 | (special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 | |
6951 | (each resultant w)184 720 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 | |
6952 | F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F | |
6953 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
6954 | %%Page: 58 58 | |
6955 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
6956 | BP | |
6957 | %%EndPageSetup | |
6958 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
6959 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E | |
6960 | (resultant list which match the w)184 84 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F1 | |
6961 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad58>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 | |
6962 | E(\214lterpat)184 108 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) | |
6963 | 2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 | |
6964 | (is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 | |
6965 | (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 120 R 1.596 | |
6966 | (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 132 Q F2(\214lterpat) | |
6967 | 3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 | |
6968 | (rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 | |
6969 | (in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 | |
6970 | (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 144 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G | |
6971 | (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E | |
6972 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 160.8 R .467 | |
495aee44 | 6973 | (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 |
a0c0a00f CR |
6974 | (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 |
6975 | (or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 | |
6976 | (plied without a)144 172.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 | |
6977 | (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H | |
6978 | 1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 184.8 Q F0 | |
17345e5a JA |
6979 | (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E |
6980 | (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
6981 | F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C |
6982 | F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 | |
6983 | (name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R | |
6984 | F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 | |
6985 | .447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 | |
6986 | (completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 | |
6987 | (re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) | |
6988 | C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 | |
6989 | (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name) | |
6990 | 3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) | |
6991 | 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 | |
6992 | F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) | |
6993 | 2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) | |
0001803f CR |
6994 | -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 |
6995 | (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F | |
a0c0a00f | 6996 | 1.228(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ |
0001803f | 6997 | mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ |
a0c0a00f CR |
6998 | no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.177 |
6999 | (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 | |
7000 | (option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) | |
7001 | 144 285.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G | |
0001803f | 7002 | (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7003 | E 1.388(The return v)144 309.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F |
7004 | -.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 | |
495aee44 | 7005 | (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F |
a0c0a00f | 7006 | (options for a)144 321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 |
495aee44 | 7007 | (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7008 | (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([) |
7009 | 2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R 1.753 | |
495aee44 CR |
7010 | (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A |
7011 | F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7012 | (select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 |
7013 | (is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 362.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 7014 | 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 |
495aee44 | 7015 | /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7016 | (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 |
7017 | (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 | |
7018 | (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 | |
7019 | (The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) | |
7020 | 3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F1(declar)108 403.2 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7021 | Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E |
7022 | F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f | 7023 | (typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 |
ac50fbac | 7024 | <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C |
a0c0a00f CR |
7025 | (..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F |
7026 | 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) | |
ac50fbac | 7027 | 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7028 | G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F |
7029 | -.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 | |
7030 | (option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 | |
7031 | (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 | |
7032 | <ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E | |
7033 | F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 | |
7034 | <ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 | |
7035 | (re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) | |
7036 | 2.774 F(without)144 463.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 | |
7037 | (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 | |
7038 | (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F | |
7039 | (attrib)144 475.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) | |
7040 | -.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 | |
7041 | E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 | |
7042 | 487.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 | |
ac50fbac | 7043 | (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7044 | (option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 |
7045 | 499.2 R(The)6.291 E F1<ad46>3.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ | |
7046 | y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 | |
7047 | (name and attrib)144 511.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) | |
ac50fbac CR |
7048 | 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 |
7049 | (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7050 | .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 |
7051 | 523.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 | |
7052 | F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 535.2 Q F1 | |
7053 | <ad66>3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1<ad67>3.891 E F0 1.391 | |
7054 | (option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 | |
7055 | (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 | |
7056 | (ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 547.2 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 | |
7057 | (is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F | |
7058 | 1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F | |
7059 | (wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 559.2 | |
7060 | R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 | |
7061 | F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 571.2 Q(utes:)-.2 E | |
7062 | F1<ad61>144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 | |
7063 | E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 | |
7064 | (Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 595.2 Q | |
7065 | F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) | |
7066 | -.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E | |
7067 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only) | |
7068 | 180 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 | |
ac50fbac | 7069 | (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7070 | (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 |
7071 | (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) | |
ac50fbac | 7072 | 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7073 | -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 643.2 Q |
7074 | F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 | |
ac50fbac | 7075 | (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7076 | G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R |
7077 | (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 667.2 | |
7078 | Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 | |
7079 | (the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 | |
ac50fbac | 7080 | (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7081 | 1.518(That other v)180 679.2 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 |
7082 | F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 | |
7083 | (ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 691.2 Q .227 | |
7084 | (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 | |
7085 | (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) | |
7086 | 2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R | |
7087 | .808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D | |
7088 | 3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 | |
7089 | F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
7090 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7091 | %%Page: 59 59 | |
7092 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7093 | BP | |
7094 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7095 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7096 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7097 | SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) | |
7098 | 5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 | |
7099 | (hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 | |
7100 | (alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 | |
7101 | <ad74>144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) | |
7102 | 2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 | |
7103 | (ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) | |
7104 | -.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) | |
7105 | 180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E | |
7106 | (ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 132 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7107 | (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 |
7108 | (-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7109 | (-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E |
7110 | (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 | |
ac50fbac | 7111 | E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 7112 | (vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R |
ac50fbac CR |
7113 | 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F |
7114 | .121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F | |
a0c0a00f | 7115 | .645(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) |
ac50fbac CR |
7116 | -3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) |
7117 | 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 | |
a0c0a00f | 7118 | (ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 196.8 Q F1 |
ac50fbac CR |
7119 | (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 |
7120 | E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 | |
7121 | (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 | |
7122 | (command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 | |
a0c0a00f | 7123 | (is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 |
ac50fbac CR |
7124 | (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 |
7125 | (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 | |
7126 | (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 7127 | 220.8 R F1<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F1<ad41>3.426 E F0 .927 |
ac50fbac | 7128 | (and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 |
a0c0a00f | 7129 | (ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 232.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 |
ac50fbac CR |
7130 | F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 |
7131 | (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 | |
7132 | (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 | |
7133 | (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) | |
a0c0a00f | 7134 | 144 244.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C |
ac50fbac | 7135 | 2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 |
a0c0a00f | 7136 | 256.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 |
ac50fbac CR |
7137 | (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 |
7138 | (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 | |
a0c0a00f | 7139 | (able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F1 |
ac50fbac | 7140 | (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F |
a0c0a00f | 7141 | F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .172 |
ac50fbac CR |
7142 | (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 |
7143 | F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7144 | (ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa) |
7145 | -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 | |
7146 | (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q | |
7147 | (xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
7148 | (dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 | |
7149 | (])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 | |
17345e5a | 7150 | (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) |
ac50fbac | 7151 | .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7152 | (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 |
7153 | (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q | |
7154 | F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) | |
7155 | 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 | |
7156 | F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 369.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G | |
7157 | (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 381.6 Q F0 | |
7158 | (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q | |
7159 | F1<ad6c>144 393.6 Q F0 .881 | |
7160 | (Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 | |
ac50fbac | 7161 | (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7162 | 405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0 |
7163 | (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1<ad76> | |
7164 | 144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ | |
7165 | pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 | |
7166 | (nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 | |
7167 | 1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 | |
7168 | (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 | |
7169 | (dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E | |
7170 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1<ad>144 477.6 Q F2 | |
7171 | (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 | |
17345e5a | 7172 | (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F |
495aee44 | 7173 | F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7174 | (without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 |
7175 | 506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7176 | (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) |
7177 | -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) | |
a0c0a00f | 7178 | .15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 |
ac50fbac | 7179 | (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7180 | (... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 |
7181 | (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) | |
7182 | 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H | |
7183 | 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 | |
7184 | F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F | |
7185 | F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E | |
ac50fbac CR |
7186 | .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 |
7187 | <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7188 | .15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 |
7189 | G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F | |
7190 | .585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 | |
7191 | (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 | |
7192 | (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7193 | (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 |
7194 | <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7195 | H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 |
7196 | <ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 | |
7197 | (ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F | |
7198 | 1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 | |
ac50fbac | 7199 | (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7200 | F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) |
7201 | -.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
7202 | .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 | |
7203 | (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 | |
7204 | (error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F1<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 | |
7205 | (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 | |
7206 | F .307(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 | |
7207 | (ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 | |
7208 | 660 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) | |
7209 | 6.348 E F1<ad45>3.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 | |
7210 | (interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7211 | 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 | |
7212 | (ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 684 | |
7213 | Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 | |
7214 | (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 | |
7215 | F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 | |
7216 | (these escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E F0 | |
7217 | .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .715 | |
7218 | (to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 | |
7219 | (interprets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E | |
7220 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7221 | %%Page: 60 60 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7222 | %%BeginPageSetup |
7223 | BP | |
7224 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7225 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
7226 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7227 | SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) | |
7228 | 180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) | |
7229 | 144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 | |
7230 | Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G | |
7231 | (ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 | |
7232 | Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S | |
7233 | (rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 | |
7234 | 216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) | |
7235 | 180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 | |
7236 | (\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 | |
7237 | (the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E | |
7238 | (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) | |
7239 | -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 | |
7240 | 1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 | |
7241 | (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) | |
7242 | 4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 | |
7243 | (\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 | |
7244 | (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 | |
7245 | (alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) | |
7246 | 3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) | |
7247 | -2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
7248 | (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 | |
7249 | (][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R | |
7250 | .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 | |
7251 | (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 | |
7252 | (the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 | |
7253 | (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 | |
7254 | (ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 | |
7255 | (the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 | |
7256 | (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 | |
7257 | (is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 | |
7258 | (abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) | |
0001803f | 7259 | 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F |
ac50fbac | 7260 | F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7261 | SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 R |
7262 | .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 | |
7263 | (enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 | |
7264 | (option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.525 | |
7265 | (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F | |
0001803f | 7266 | F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7267 | (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 400.8 Q F1<ad64> |
7268 | 2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F | |
7269 | .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) | |
7270 | -5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) | |
7271 | -.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 412.8 R F1<ad70> | |
7272 | 2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 | |
0001803f | 7273 | (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7274 | F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 |
7275 | 424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 | |
7276 | (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F | |
7277 | (If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917 | |
7278 | (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916 | |
7279 | (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 | |
7280 | (enabled. If)144 448.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 | |
7281 | (is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) | |
7282 | 2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F | |
7283 | (alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 | |
7284 | (is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) | |
7285 | -.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 | |
7286 | 472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 | |
7287 | E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 | |
7288 | (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 | |
7289 | (This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
ac50fbac | 7290 | .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 |
17345e5a JA |
7291 | (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 |
7292 | (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) | |
a0c0a00f | 7293 | -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q |
ac50fbac | 7294 | (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 7295 | (exec)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 |
17345e5a | 7296 | (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7297 | -.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 |
7298 | (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 | |
7299 | (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E | |
7300 | (guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 566.4 R .177 | |
17345e5a JA |
7301 | (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G |
7302 | (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7303 | (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 |
7304 | (ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .499(gument passed to) | |
7305 | -.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 | |
7306 | (lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 | |
7307 | .5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) | |
7308 | 3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 | |
17345e5a | 7309 | (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7310 | (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) |
7311 | 3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 | |
17345e5a JA |
7312 | (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 |
7313 | 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7314 | .15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F |
7315 | .577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 | |
7316 | (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 | |
7317 | F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 626.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) | |
ac50fbac CR |
7318 | -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) |
7319 | -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7320 | (is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 638.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 |
7321 | (edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 | |
0001803f | 7322 | (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7323 | (If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G |
7324 | (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 | |
7325 | (])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 667.2 R .095(xit with a status of) | |
7326 | -.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 | |
7327 | (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) | |
7328 | -.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 | |
ac50fbac | 7329 | E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7330 | F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 |
7331 | E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
7332 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7333 | %%Page: 61 61 | |
7334 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7335 | BP | |
7336 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7337 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7338 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7339 | SF(export \255p)108 84 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 96 R/F2 10 | |
7340 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257 | |
7341 | (ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 | |
7342 | (vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 | |
7343 | (commands. If)144 108 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7344 | (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E |
7345 | F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7346 | F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> |
7347 | 144 120 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F | |
ac50fbac | 7348 | .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7349 | <ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 132 S 1.446 |
7350 | (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7351 | (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G |
7352 | 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7353 | -.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 144 S .742(lue of the v).25 |
7354 | F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 | |
7355 | (export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 | |
7356 | (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) | |
7357 | .25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 | |
7358 | (is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 | |
7359 | F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 | |
7360 | (that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 168 Q F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E | |
0001803f CR |
7361 | F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 |
7362 | <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7363 | 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 |
7364 | (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 | |
7365 | (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 208.8 R F2<8c72> | |
7366 | 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 | |
7367 | (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 | |
7368 | 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) | |
ac50fbac CR |
7369 | .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 |
7370 | (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7371 | 144 232.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) |
7372 | -.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F | |
7373 | -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314 | |
7374 | (is used as an of)144 244.8 R .314 | |
7375 | (fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905 | |
7376 | E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 | |
7377 | (rent command for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 | |
ac50fbac | 7378 | (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7379 | 3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) |
7380 | 144 268.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 7381 | (is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7382 | (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8 |
7383 | Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 | |
17345e5a | 7384 | (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E |
0001803f | 7385 | F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7386 | (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the) |
7387 | 5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 | |
17345e5a | 7388 | (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7389 | .334(the editor gi)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E |
7390 | F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 | |
7391 | (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 | |
7392 | F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7393 | (n,).15 E .631(the v)144 328.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 | |
7394 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 | |
7395 | (riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) | |
7396 | -.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 | |
7397 | (If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 340.8 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi) | |
7398 | 5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 | |
7399 | (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F | |
7400 | -.15(exe)144 352.8 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 376.8 R | |
7401 | F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 | |
7402 | (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 | |
7403 | (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 | |
7404 | E(mand)144 388.8 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72> | |
7405 | 2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 | |
7406 | (useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 | |
7407 | 2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 400.8 Q F3 7.166 | |
7408 | (rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 | |
7409 | (ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) | |
7410 | 3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F | |
7411 | (mand.)144 412.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 | |
7412 | 436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 | |
7413 | (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 | |
7414 | E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 | |
7415 | R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 | |
7416 | (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 | |
7417 | (alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 | |
7418 | (cuted or f).15 F .788 | |
ac50fbac | 7419 | (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f | 7420 | .788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 |
ac50fbac | 7421 | (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7422 | 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 |
7423 | (does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q | |
7424 | (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E | |
7425 | (ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) | |
7426 | 144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 | |
ac50fbac | 7427 | (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7428 | (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 |
7429 | 1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G | |
7430 | .617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 | |
7431 | (is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 | |
7432 | (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q | |
7433 | .362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 | |
7434 | (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 | |
7435 | (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q | |
7436 | F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 | |
7437 | (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E | |
7438 | F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs) | |
7439 | -.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 578.4 Q F0 .793 | |
7440 | (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 | |
ac50fbac | 7441 | (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 |
a0c0a00f | 7442 | (characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .15 |
ac50fbac | 7443 | (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 |
a0c0a00f | 7444 | -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .579 |
ac50fbac | 7445 | (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 |
0001803f | 7446 | (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7447 | (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 |
7448 | (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) | |
ac50fbac | 7449 | 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7450 | (option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 |
7451 | 3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 | |
ac50fbac | 7452 | (if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
7453 | 3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 |
7454 | (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 | |
7455 | E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 | |
7456 | (is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 | |
7457 | (or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 | |
7458 | (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 | |
ac50fbac | 7459 | (getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 |
a0c0a00f | 7460 | (into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A |
ac50fbac CR |
7461 | F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 |
7462 | (automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 | |
a0c0a00f | 7463 | (reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 |
0001803f | 7464 | (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
7465 | 2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 |
7466 | Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) | |
ac50fbac | 7467 | 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 |
a0c0a00f | 7468 | (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 |
0001803f | 7469 | (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
7470 | (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 |
7471 | (is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(61) | |
7472 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7473 | %%Page: 62 62 | |
7474 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7475 | BP | |
7476 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7477 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7478 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7479 | SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.393 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7480 | (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 |
7481 | (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7482 | (ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) |
7483 | .27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 | |
7484 | 120 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 | |
7485 | (ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring) | |
7486 | 3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E | |
7487 | 1.071(reporting is used.)144 132 R 1.071 | |
ac50fbac | 7488 | (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
7489 | -.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 144 R |
7490 | .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25 | |
7491 | E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 | |
7492 | (is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 156 Q | |
7493 | -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E | |
7494 | F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 180 R | |
7495 | -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 | |
7496 | (places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 | |
ac50fbac | 7497 | (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7498 | 192 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E |
7499 | F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 | |
7500 | (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 | |
7501 | E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 204 | |
7502 | Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 228 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F | |
7503 | F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 | |
7504 | (?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F | |
7505 | F2(name)144 240 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 | |
7506 | (is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 | |
7507 | (getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E | |
7508 | F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 252 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) | |
7509 | 2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 | |
7510 | (getopts)144 276 Q F0 .902 | |
17345e5a | 7511 | (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) |
ac50fbac | 7512 | 3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
7513 | (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 288 Q F1(hash)108 304.8 |
7514 | Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E | |
7515 | F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 | |
7516 | (Each time)144 316.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 | |
7517 | G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) | |
7518 | 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 | |
7519 | (the directories in)144 328.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 | |
7520 | .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 | |
7521 | (viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 340.8 | |
7522 | R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7523 | (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 |
7524 | (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 | |
a0c0a00f | 7525 | (of the command.)144 352.8 R(The)6.712 E F1<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 |
ac50fbac CR |
7526 | (option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 |
7527 | (get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F1<ad64>4.211 E F0 | |
a0c0a00f | 7528 | .833(option causes the shell to for)144 364.8 R .833 |
495aee44 CR |
7529 | (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) |
7530 | C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) | |
a0c0a00f | 7531 | 3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 376.8 R F2(name) |
ac50fbac CR |
7532 | 3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F |
7533 | F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7534 | 388.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 |
7535 | .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 | |
495aee44 | 7536 | <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7537 | (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 |
7538 | 400.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
7539 | .934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 412.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 | |
ac50fbac | 7540 | (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
7541 | .322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 424.8 Q F2(name)2.86 |
7542 | E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) | |
7543 | .25 E F1(help)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 | |
ac50fbac | 7544 | (pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 |
a0c0a00f | 7545 | 453.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
7546 | .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 |
7547 | G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 7548 | 465.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 |
ac50fbac | 7549 | (therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7550 | (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1 |
7551 | <ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 489.6 Q F2 | |
7552 | (pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) | |
7553 | 180 501.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G | |
7554 | (ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0 | |
7555 | (Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 513.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 | |
7556 | E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 530.4 Q F2 | |
7557 | (pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 547.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A | |
7558 | (history \255c)108 559.2 Q(history \255d)108 571.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) | |
7559 | -.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A | |
7560 | F1(history \255p)108 595.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 | |
7561 | (g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 607.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) | |
ac50fbac | 7562 | -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 |
a0c0a00f | 7563 | 619.2 S .752 |
0001803f | 7564 | (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F |
ac50fbac | 7565 | .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 |
a0c0a00f | 7566 | G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F |
0001803f | 7567 | F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7568 | (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) |
7569 | 2.881 E(MA)144 643.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7570 | (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 |
7571 | (strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 | |
a0c0a00f | 7572 | (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 655.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G |
0001803f CR |
7573 | 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 |
7574 | (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 | |
a0c0a00f | 7575 | (time stamp and the history line.)144 667.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) |
0001803f CR |
7576 | 2.676 E F0 .176 |
7577 | (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F | |
a0c0a00f | 7578 | (not, the v)144 679.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) |
ac50fbac | 7579 | 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7580 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 691.2 Q F0 |
7581 | (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 691.2 Q F1 | |
7582 | <ad64>144 703.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 | |
7583 | (Delete the history entry at position)180 715.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 | |
7584 | E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 | |
7585 | Cg EP | |
7586 | %%Page: 63 63 | |
7587 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7588 | BP | |
7589 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7590 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7591 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7592 | SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E | |
7593 | 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 | |
7594 | (These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q | |
7595 | (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E | |
7596 | (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q | |
7597 | F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ | |
7598 | into the current history list.)180 108 R .772 | |
7599 | (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R | |
ac50fbac | 7600 | .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7601 | (sion.)180 132 Q F1<ad72>144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ |
7602 | \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1<ad77> | |
7603 | 144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 | |
7604 | 156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G | |
7605 | (ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0 .626 | |
7606 | (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 | |
7607 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 | |
7608 | (and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 | |
7609 | 180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 | |
7610 | E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F | |
7611 | (normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0 .363 | |
7612 | (Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 | |
ac50fbac | 7613 | (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7614 | (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) |
7615 | -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 | |
7616 | (are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
7617 | (HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 | |
0001803f | 7618 | (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) |
a0c0a00f | 7619 | .25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 |
ac50fbac | 7620 | (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 |
a0c0a00f | 7621 | (hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 |
ac50fbac | 7622 | (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7623 | (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 |
7624 | (are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R 1.795 | |
7625 | (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F | |
7626 | 1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ | |
7627 | option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ | |
7628 | tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 292.8 Q(fset) | |
7629 | -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 | |
7630 | <ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 | |
7631 | F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 | |
7632 | <ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 304.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 321.6 Q F0([) | |
7633 | 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 | |
7634 | (jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 | |
7635 | E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15 | |
7636 | (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
7637 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 357.6 Q F0 | |
7638 | (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F1 | |
7639 | <ad6e>144 369.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) | |
7640 | 180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 | |
7641 | F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F1<ad70> | |
7642 | 144 393.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) | |
7643 | -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 405.6 Q F0 | |
7644 | (Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F1<ad73>144 417.6 Q F0 | |
7645 | (Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 | |
7646 | E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 | |
7647 | (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) | |
7648 | -.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 | |
17345e5a | 7649 | (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7650 | E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F1 |
7651 | <ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 | |
0001803f | 7652 | .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7653 | 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 |
7654 | (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q | |
0001803f | 7655 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) |
17345e5a | 7656 | 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 7657 | F1(kill)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 |
0001803f CR |
7658 | <ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 |
7659 | (][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7660 | (kill \255l)108 504 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 |
7661 | E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 | |
7662 | 516 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 | |
7663 | (to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 | |
7664 | (jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 | |
7665 | (either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 | |
7666 | (ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 | |
7667 | (\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 | |
7668 | (pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 | |
7669 | 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) | |
0001803f | 7670 | 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7671 | 1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 552 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F |
7672 | F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 | |
7673 | F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F | |
7674 | F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) | |
7675 | .15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R .28 | |
7676 | (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 | |
7677 | -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 576 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 | |
7678 | <ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 | |
7679 | (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 | |
7680 | (xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R | |
7681 | (The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 | |
7682 | G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 | |
7683 | (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E | |
7684 | (successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 | |
7685 | E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 616.8 Q F2 | |
7686 | (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 | |
7687 | 628.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 | |
7688 | (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 | |
7689 | (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) | |
7690 | 2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 640.8 Q F2(ar) | |
7691 | 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 | |
7692 | (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 | |
7693 | E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C | |
7694 | (.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F | |
7695 | .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 | |
7696 | .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) | |
7697 | -5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 681.6 Q 3.152(yo) | |
7698 | -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) | |
7699 | 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 | |
ac50fbac | 7700 | (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7701 | 693.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H |
7702 | .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F | |
7703 | (If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 | |
7704 | (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F1 | |
7705 | (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 | |
7706 | (d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 717.6 R F1(set)4.063 | |
7707 | E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 | |
7708 | (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 | |
7709 | (alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 729.6 R 1.243 | |
7710 | (ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 | |
7711 | (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 | |
7712 | (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F | |
7713 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7714 | %%Page: 64 64 | |
7715 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7716 | BP | |
7717 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7718 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7719 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .42(error to use) | |
7720 | 144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)2.92 E F0 .42 | |
7721 | (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) | |
7722 | 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) | |
7723 | 144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 | |
7724 | (is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) | |
7725 | -.25 E F1(logout)108 112.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 112.8 Q F1 | |
7726 | (map\214le)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C | |
7727 | F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E | |
7728 | F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 | |
7729 | 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2 | |
ac50fbac | 7730 | (callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7731 | 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 141.6 S(adarray) |
7732 | .18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2 | |
7733 | (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
7734 | <ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 | |
7735 | <ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) | |
7736 | -.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) | |
7737 | -2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 | |
7738 | (Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 153.6 R -.15(xe) | |
7739 | -.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E | |
7740 | (ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 | |
7741 | (rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 165.6 | |
7742 | R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 | |
7743 | F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 | |
7744 | (is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C | |
7745 | 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H | |
7746 | (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 189.6 Q F0 | |
7747 | (The \214rst character of)180 189.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 | |
7748 | (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 | |
7749 | E F1<ad6e>144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) | |
7750 | -2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 | |
7751 | (is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 213.6 Q F0(Be)180 213.6 Q | |
ac50fbac CR |
7752 | (gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) |
7753 | -.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7754 | -.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 225.6 Q F0 |
7755 | (Discard the \214rst)180 225.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 | |
7756 | <ad74>144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)180 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 | |
7757 | E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E | |
7758 | (wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 249.6 Q F0 | |
7759 | (Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 249.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
7760 | (instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)180 | |
7761 | 261.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 | |
7762 | (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 | |
7763 | (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 273.6 | |
7764 | Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 273.6 Q | |
7765 | F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 | |
7766 | .467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7767 | (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 |
7768 | (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7769 | (luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 |
7770 | G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ | |
7771 | igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 | |
7772 | (as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E | |
7773 | F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 | |
7774 | (luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 | |
7775 | (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q | |
7776 | (If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 | |
ac50fbac | 7777 | (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7778 | (before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 1.906 |
7779 | (returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 | |
7780 | (lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) | |
7781 | 4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G | |
7782 | (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 | |
0001803f | 7783 | (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7784 | F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 |
7785 | 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 | |
7786 | (se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G | |
7787 | .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 | |
7788 | G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 | |
7789 | 412.8 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 | |
7790 | (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 | |
7791 | (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 | |
7792 | F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .551 | |
7793 | (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 436.8 R .551 | |
17345e5a | 7794 | (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
7795 | (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A |
7796 | F0(Remo)180 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E | |
7797 | F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 | |
7798 | F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 | |
7799 | 472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 7800 | (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7801 | -.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0 |
7802 | (Remo)180 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E | |
7803 | F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) | |
7804 | -.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 | |
7805 | (zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 7806 | (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7807 | E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 |
7808 | 513.6 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1 | |
7809 | (dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) | |
7810 | 3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415 | |
ac50fbac | 7811 | (alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7812 | (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 |
7813 | (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F | |
7814 | (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q | |
7815 | (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 | |
7816 | (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 | |
7817 | (Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 | |
7818 | (to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 | |
7819 | E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 | |
7820 | (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable) | |
ac50fbac | 7821 | -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) |
a0c0a00f | 7822 | 2.626 F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ |
ac50fbac | 7823 | s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
7824 | cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ |
7825 | er escape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 | |
ac50fbac | 7826 | (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
7827 | \214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .036 |
7828 | (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 | |
7829 | 5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 | |
7830 | (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 | |
7831 | E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q | |
7832 | (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)180 674.4 Q F1(printf) | |
7833 | 2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 | |
ac50fbac | 7834 | (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7835 | 2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 686.4 Q(ay as) |
7836 | -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 698.4 Q F0(causes)180 698.4 Q | |
7837 | F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E | |
7838 | (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F | |
7839 | (input.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(64) | |
7840 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7841 | %%Page: 65 65 | |
7842 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7843 | BP | |
7844 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7845 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7846 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7847 | SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 | |
7848 | 96 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 | |
ac50fbac | 7849 | (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) |
a0c0a00f | 7850 | 4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 108 R F2 |
ac50fbac | 7851 | (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) |
495aee44 | 7852 | 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 |
ac50fbac | 7853 | (ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 |
a0c0a00f | 7854 | 120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F |
ac50fbac | 7855 | .458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 |
a0c0a00f | 7856 | (current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .847 |
ac50fbac | 7857 | (as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7858 | F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G |
7859 | .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G | |
ac50fbac CR |
7860 | 2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) |
7861 | -.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7862 | (xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior) |
7863 | -.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\ | |
7864 | \214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 | |
7865 | (xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 | |
495aee44 CR |
7866 | R 1.259 |
7867 | (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7868 | -.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) |
7869 | -.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E | |
7870 | F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 | |
7871 | E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) | |
7872 | 3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 225.6 Q(guments)-.37 E | |
7873 | F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 | |
17345e5a | 7874 | (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) |
ac50fbac | 7875 | .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) |
a0c0a00f | 7876 | -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E |
ac50fbac | 7877 | (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7878 | 108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C |
7879 | <ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 | |
ac50fbac | 7880 | 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
7881 | irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.14(wt) |
7882 | -.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 | |
7883 | (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F | |
7884 | (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 | |
7885 | (changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 | |
7886 | (and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 | |
7887 | (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 | |
7888 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q | |
7889 | F1<ad6e>144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ | |
7890 | when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R | |
7891 | (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 | |
7892 | 350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) | |
7893 | 3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B | |
7894 | 1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C | |
7895 | (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 | |
7896 | .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 | |
17345e5a | 7897 | (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7898 | F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) |
7899 | -2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7900 | (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) |
7901 | -.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7902 | (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 |
7903 | (cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) | |
7904 | 2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 | |
ac50fbac | 7905 | (is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F |
a0c0a00f | 7906 | F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) |
ac50fbac CR |
7907 | 3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) |
7908 | -.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 | |
a0c0a00f | 7909 | (stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ |
ac50fbac | 7910 | directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) |
a0c0a00f CR |
7911 | -.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 |
7912 | E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 | |
7913 | (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 | |
495aee44 CR |
7914 | (orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 |
7915 | (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7916 | 504 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 |
7917 | (\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) | |
7918 | 2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) | |
7919 | 144 516 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 | |
495aee44 CR |
7920 | (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 |
7921 | F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7922 | reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) |
7923 | -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 556.8 S(ad) | |
7924 | .18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2(aname) | |
7925 | 3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 | |
7926 | <ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2 | |
7927 | (nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc) | |
7928 | 3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E | |
7929 | (ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 | |
7930 | (][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 Q F2(name)A F0 | |
7931 | (...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ | |
7932 | \214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) | |
7933 | 3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347 | |
7934 | (option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 | |
7935 | -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F | |
7936 | F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 | |
7937 | (assigned to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G | |
7938 | 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E | |
7939 | F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 | |
7940 | F -.1(wo)144 616.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 | |
7941 | (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 | |
7942 | (ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 628.8 Q F0 | |
7943 | 5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) | |
7944 | -.25 F .722 | |
7945 | (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 | |
7946 | F .531(assigned empty v)144 640.8 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 | |
7947 | (characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 | |
7948 | (are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 | |
7949 | F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 652.8 R .197 | |
7950 | (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 | |
7951 | -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 | |
7952 | (backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 664.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) | |
7953 | C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) | |
7954 | .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 | |
7955 | (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 | |
7956 | 676.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E | |
7957 | (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) | |
7958 | 180 700.8 R 1.049 | |
17345e5a | 7959 | (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) |
ac50fbac | 7960 | -.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F |
a0c0a00f | 7961 | F2(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 |
ac50fbac | 7962 | -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 |
a0c0a00f CR |
7963 | (ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
7964 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
7965 | %%Page: 66 66 | |
7966 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
7967 | BP | |
7968 | %%EndPageSetup | |
7969 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
7970 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
7971 | SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 | |
7972 | (The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 7973 | (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7974 | F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372 |
7975 | (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 108 R F1 -.18(re) | |
7976 | 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) | |
7977 | 2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G | |
7978 | (sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218 | |
ac50fbac CR |
7979 | (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 |
7980 | (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
7981 | (acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1 |
7982 | <ad69>144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G | |
7983 | (adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) | |
ac50fbac | 7984 | 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
7985 | .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 |
7986 | 168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0 | |
7987 | 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 | |
7988 | 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 | |
7989 | (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q | |
7990 | (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 | |
7991 | E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 | |
7992 | <ad4e>144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad) | |
7993 | .18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 | |
7994 | E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 | |
7995 | (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 | |
7996 | (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 | |
7997 | G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) | |
7998 | 5.274 F 1.002 | |
7999 | (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R | |
8000 | F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 | |
8001 | E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 252 R .608 | |
8002 | (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 | |
8003 | 3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 264 S .669 | |
8004 | (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 | |
8005 | (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 | |
8006 | (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 276 Q F0(option belo) | |
8007 | 2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) | |
8008 | 180 300 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F | |
8009 | 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 | |
8010 | (wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 | |
8011 | (nput. The)-2.5 F | |
ac50fbac | 8012 | (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8013 | <ad72>144 324 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) |
8014 | 180 324 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) | |
8015 | -5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G | |
0001803f | 8016 | (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) |
a0c0a00f | 8017 | -.25 E F1<ad73>144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 348 Q |
ac50fbac | 8018 | (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8019 | <ad74>144 360 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G |
8020 | (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 | |
ac50fbac | 8021 | (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8022 | (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 384 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 |
8023 | (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) | |
8024 | 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 396 Q | |
8025 | (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E | |
8026 | .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ | |
8027 | g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 | |
8028 | 408 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 420 R .59 | |
8029 | (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 | |
8030 | (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 | |
8031 | G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 | |
8032 | (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 432 S(riable) | |
8033 | .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 | |
8034 | (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 | |
8035 | F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G | |
8036 | (ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 444 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) | |
8037 | -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) | |
8038 | .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 | |
8039 | 456 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) | |
8040 | .15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 | |
8041 | (Read input from \214le descriptor)180 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 | |
8042 | (If no)144 484.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 | |
8043 | (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E | |
8044 | F3(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 | |
8045 | F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 | |
8046 | (unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 496.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) | |
8047 | .18 E F0 .772 | |
8048 | (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F | |
8049 | -.25(va)144 508.8 S 2.004 | |
8050 | (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 | |
8051 | (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F | |
8052 | (descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 520.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> | |
8053 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A | |
8054 | F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A | |
8055 | (d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8056 | (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) | |
8057 | -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 | |
8058 | (may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 561.6 R | |
8059 | 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 | |
ac50fbac | 8060 | (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 |
a0c0a00f | 8061 | (names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 573.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) |
ac50fbac | 8062 | -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 |
17345e5a | 8063 | (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) |
ac50fbac | 8064 | -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) |
a0c0a00f | 8065 | -.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 585.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 |
ac50fbac CR |
8066 | (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E |
8067 | F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) | |
a0c0a00f | 8068 | 3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve) |
ac50fbac | 8069 | -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 |
495aee44 CR |
8070 | (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F |
8071 | .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ | |
a0c0a00f | 8072 | to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 609.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 |
495aee44 CR |
8073 | <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 |
8074 | (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8075 | 144 621.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 |
8076 | 633.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) | |
ac50fbac | 8077 | -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) |
495aee44 CR |
8078 | 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) |
8079 | -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) | |
a0c0a00f | 8080 | 144 645.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) |
ac50fbac | 8081 | -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8082 | (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 657.6 Q F0 |
8083 | (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 | |
8084 | E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 686.4 R | |
ac50fbac CR |
8085 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 |
8086 | (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8087 | 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 |
8088 | (the return status is that of the last command e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe) | |
8089 | -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E | |
8090 | F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
8091 | G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 710.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 | |
8092 | (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) | |
8093 | -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 | |
8094 | 722.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E | |
8095 | F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) | |
8096 | 3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F | |
8097 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8098 | %%Page: 67 67 | |
8099 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
8100 | BP | |
8101 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8102 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8103 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 | |
8104 | (determine the status is the last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389 | |
8105 | (cuted by the trap handler before).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) | |
8106 | 2.89 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) | |
8107 | -2.89 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n) | |
8108 | -.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e) | |
8109 | -.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E | |
8110 | F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 | |
8111 | F .588(causes the shell to stop e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 | |
8112 | (cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) | |
8113 | 3.448 E F0 .589(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F | |
8114 | .326(mand e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326 | |
8115 | (cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.) | |
8116 | -.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F | |
8117 | .325(alue is)-.25 F .444(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 132 R .444 | |
8118 | (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E | |
8119 | (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 | |
8120 | (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 144 R -.15(xe) | |
8121 | -.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 | |
8122 | (sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E | |
8123 | .749(mand associated with the)144 156 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 | |
8124 | (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
8125 | G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 168 Q F1 | |
8126 | (set)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C | |
8127 | F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E | |
8128 | F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 | |
8129 | 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E | |
8130 | (g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .836 | |
8131 | (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F | |
8132 | .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 | |
8133 | (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 220.8 | |
ac50fbac | 8134 | R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 |
a0c0a00f | 8135 | (riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 232.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 |
ac50fbac CR |
8136 | .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 |
8137 | (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 | |
a0c0a00f | 8138 | (locale. When)144 244.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F |
ac50fbac CR |
8139 | 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) |
8140 | -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F | |
a0c0a00f | 8141 | 1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 256.8 R 1.623 |
ac50fbac | 8142 | (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) |
a0c0a00f | 8143 | 144 268.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A |
ac50fbac | 8144 | F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8145 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 280.8 Q |
8146 | F0 1.377(Each v)184 280.8 R 1.377 | |
8147 | (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) | |
8148 | -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F | |
8149 | 1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 292.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 | |
8150 | E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 304.8 Q F0 .132 | |
8151 | (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 304.8 R | |
ac50fbac | 8152 | 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8153 | (primary prompt.)184 316.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) |
8154 | -.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0 | |
8155 | .087(Exit immediately if a)184 328.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 | |
ac50fbac | 8156 | (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8157 | F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 340.8 Q |
8158 | F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF | |
8159 | 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) | |
8160 | .15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 | |
8161 | (The shell does not e)184 352.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F | |
8162 | .08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 364.8 Q | |
ac50fbac CR |
8163 | 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 |
8164 | -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 | |
8165 | (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) | |
a0c0a00f | 8166 | 4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 376.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) |
ac50fbac CR |
8167 | -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 |
8168 | (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 | |
a0c0a00f | 8169 | (xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 388.8 R |
ac50fbac CR |
8170 | F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) |
8171 | -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 | |
8172 | (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E | |
a0c0a00f | 8173 | -.25(va)184 400.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 |
ac50fbac CR |
8174 | (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 |
8175 | (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 | |
a0c0a00f | 8176 | (non-zero status because a command f)184 412.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F |
ac50fbac | 8177 | F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 |
a0c0a00f | 8178 | (eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 424.8 R 2.677 |
ac50fbac CR |
8179 | (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 |
8180 | (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 | |
8181 | (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8182 | (option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 436.8 R .617 |
8183 | (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) | |
8184 | -.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 448.8 R(ONMENT) | |
8185 | -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 | |
8186 | (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 | |
8187 | (xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 460.8 | |
8188 | Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 478.8 R -.15(xe) | |
8189 | -.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 | |
8190 | E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 | |
8191 | 490.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 | |
ac50fbac | 8192 | (cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8193 | (body will be af)184 502.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E |
8194 | F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 | |
ac50fbac | 8195 | <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8196 | -.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 514.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 |
8197 | (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 | |
ac50fbac | 8198 | (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 8199 | (where)184 526.8 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 |
ac50fbac CR |
8200 | (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 |
8201 | -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8202 | (or the command containing the function call completes.)184 538.8 Q F1 |
8203 | <ad66>144 550.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 550.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 | |
8204 | <ad68>144 562.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 | |
8205 | 562.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F | |
8206 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 | |
8207 | 574.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 586.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 586.8 R .514 | |
17345e5a | 8208 | (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 |
ac50fbac | 8209 | F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8210 | (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 598.8 Q F1 |
8211 | <ad6d>144 610.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 610.8 R .148 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8212 | (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F |
8213 | .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 | |
a0c0a00f | 8214 | (on systems that support it \(see)184 622.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F |
ac50fbac | 8215 | (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8216 | (processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 634.8 R |
8217 | .679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ | |
8218 | g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 646.8 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 658.8 Q | |
8219 | F0 .653(Read commands b)184 658.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
8220 | G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 | |
8221 | (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 | |
8222 | 670.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 | |
8223 | E F1<ad6f>144 682.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 694.8 Q F2 | |
8224 | (option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 | |
8225 | (allexport)184 706.8 Q F0(Same as)224 718.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A | |
8226 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8227 | %%Page: 68 68 | |
17345e5a JA |
8228 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8229 | BP | |
8230 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8231 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8232 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8233 | SF(braceexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8234 | (emacs)184 108 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) | |
8235 | 224 108 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 | |
8236 | E .95(when the shell is interacti)224 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G | |
8237 | .95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) | |
8238 | 3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 132 R(also af)2.5 E | |
8239 | (fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G | |
8240 | (ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 144 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q | |
8241 | F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 156 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad45> | |
8242 | 2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 168 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E | |
8243 | F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8244 | (histexpand)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8245 | (history)184 228 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 228 R 3.087(,a) | |
8246 | -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 | |
8247 | H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 | |
8248 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 240 Q | |
8249 | (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 | |
8250 | 252 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 264 R 1.657 | |
8251 | (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) | |
8252 | 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 | |
8253 | 276 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) | |
8254 | .15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1 | |
8255 | <ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 312 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 | |
8256 | E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 324 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad43>2.5 | |
8257 | E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A | |
8258 | F1(noglob)184 360 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) | |
8259 | 184 372 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 372 Q F1(notify)184 384 Q F0 | |
8260 | (Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 396 Q F0(Same as) | |
8261 | 224 396 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q | |
8262 | F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 420 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 420 Q | |
8263 | F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 432 Q F0 1.029 | |
8264 | (If set, the return v)224 432 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F | |
8265 | 1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 444 | |
8266 | R 1.136 | |
8267 | (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) | |
8268 | -.15 F -.15(ex)224 456 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G | |
8269 | (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 468 Q F0 | |
8270 | 2.09(Change the beha)224 468 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 | |
8271 | 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 | |
8272 | (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 | |
8273 | 480 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 | |
8274 | 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 | |
8275 | (for a reference to a document that details ho)224 492 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G | |
ac50fbac | 8276 | 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8277 | 504 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 516 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 |
8278 | 528 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 540 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 | |
8279 | 540 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 552 Q F0 1.466 | |
8280 | (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 552 R 3.965(ace. This) | |
8281 | -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 | |
8282 | 564 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8283 | (xtrace)184 576 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 594 Q | |
8284 | F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) | |
8285 | 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 | |
8286 | (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 | |
8287 | 606 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 | |
8288 | 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 | |
8289 | (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F | |
8290 | (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 618 Q F1<ad70> | |
8291 | 144 630 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 630 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 | |
ac50fbac | 8292 | (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F |
a0c0a00f | 8293 | F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 |
ac50fbac | 8294 | (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8295 | (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 642 R 1.5 |
8296 | (vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 654 S | |
8297 | (SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 | |
8298 | (and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 | |
8299 | (riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F | |
8300 | (vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 666 R .38 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8301 | (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) |
8302 | -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 | |
a0c0a00f | 8303 | (user \(group\) id, and the)184 678 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 |
ac50fbac | 8304 | (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 |
a0c0a00f | 8305 | (en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 690 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 |
0001803f | 8306 | (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> |
ac50fbac | 8307 | 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 8308 | E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G |
ac50fbac CR |
8309 | .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 |
8310 | F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8311 | (set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q |
8312 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(68)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8313 | %%Page: 69 69 | |
8314 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
8315 | BP | |
8316 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8317 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8318 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8319 | SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
8320 | (cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 96 S .044 | |
8321 | (eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ | |
8322 | parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182 | |
8323 | (error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F | |
8324 | -.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 | |
8325 | E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 | |
0001803f CR |
8326 | (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 |
8327 | (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8328 | 132 Q F1<ad76>144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 144 Q 2.5 |
8329 | (ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)184 156 R | |
8330 | .315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) | |
8331 | 2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) | |
8332 | 2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 | |
8333 | (or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 | |
8334 | (command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) | |
8335 | -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 | |
8336 | (follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q | |
17345e5a | 8337 | (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 |
a0c0a00f | 8338 | <ad42>144 192 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 192 R 2.578 |
17345e5a | 8339 | (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8340 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 204 Q |
8341 | (ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.714 E | |
ac50fbac | 8342 | F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 |
17345e5a | 8343 | (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 |
ac50fbac | 8344 | 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F |
a0c0a00f | 8345 | 3.053(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 |
ac50fbac | 8346 | (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8347 | .15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 |
8348 | <ad45>144 252 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 252 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 | |
8349 | (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 | |
ac50fbac | 8350 | (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 |
a0c0a00f | 8351 | F .838(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 |
ac50fbac | 8352 | F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8353 | (trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1 |
8354 | <ad48>144 288 Q F0(Enable)184 288 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 | |
ac50fbac | 8355 | (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8356 | F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15 |
8357 | (ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 .959 | |
8358 | (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 312 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8359 | (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 |
8360 | (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 | |
a0c0a00f | 8361 | (that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 |
ac50fbac | 8362 | (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 |
a0c0a00f | 8363 | (ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.685 |
17345e5a JA |
8364 | E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 |
8365 | (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8366 | (mands which change the current directory)184 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 |
8367 | 360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 360 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 | |
17345e5a JA |
8368 | (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 |
8369 | (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 | |
a0c0a00f | 8370 | (substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 |
17345e5a | 8371 | (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8372 | (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0 |
8373 | (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q | |
8374 | F0 .401(If no ar)184 396 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G | |
8375 | .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F | |
8376 | (Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8377 | (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G |
8378 | (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8379 | 420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 420 R |
8380 | F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G | |
8381 | 1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R | |
ac50fbac CR |
8382 | F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 |
8383 | (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) | |
8384 | 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8385 | (parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144 |
8386 | 460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 | |
17345e5a | 8387 | (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8388 | (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 |
8389 | (to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 | |
17345e5a | 8390 | (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) |
ac50fbac | 8391 | -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8392 | (current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 |
8393 | 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 | |
8394 | (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F | |
8395 | (is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 | |
8396 | (])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 | |
8397 | .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G | |
8398 | .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582 | |
8399 | E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 | |
8400 | (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) | |
8401 | -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) | |
8402 | .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 | |
8403 | (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 | |
8404 | .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F | |
8405 | (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 | |
8406 | (,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R | |
8407 | .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 | |
8408 | .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 | |
8409 | (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([) | |
0001803f | 8410 | 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) |
a0c0a00f | 8411 | -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 |
ac50fbac CR |
8412 | (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E |
8413 | 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 | |
a0c0a00f | 8414 | (listed belo)144 614.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H |
ac50fbac CR |
8415 | 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 |
8416 | (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 | |
8417 | F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 | |
a0c0a00f | 8418 | (bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 626.4 R .826 |
ac50fbac CR |
8419 | (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 |
8420 | (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F | |
a0c0a00f | 8421 | .945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 638.4 R(The)5.945 E |
ac50fbac | 8422 | F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8423 | 3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 650.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 |
8424 | -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q | |
8425 | F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 662.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 | |
8426 | 674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 674.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 | |
8427 | <ad71>144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ | |
8428 | return status indicates whether the)180 686.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 | |
8429 | (is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 | |
8430 | (optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8431 | 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 | |
8432 | (he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E | |
8433 | F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
8434 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8435 | %%Page: 70 70 | |
8436 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
8437 | BP | |
8438 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8439 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8440 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8441 | SF<ad6f>144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 84 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10 | |
8442 | /Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E | |
8443 | F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
8444 | (iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 100.8 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1 | |
8445 | <ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) | |
8446 | 3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 | |
8447 | (ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144 | |
8448 | 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234 | |
8449 | (nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234 | |
8450 | (options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E | |
8451 | 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R | |
8452 | F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F | |
8453 | .696 | |
17345e5a | 8454 | (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8455 | 144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 |
8456 | (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) | |
8457 | 2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .2 | |
8458 | (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 200.4 R | |
495aee44 | 8459 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E |
a0c0a00f | 8460 | (ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F |
17345e5a | 8461 | (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E |
a0c0a00f | 8462 | F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .155 |
495aee44 | 8463 | (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 |
17345e5a | 8464 | (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8465 | (name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E |
8466 | (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 | |
ac50fbac | 8467 | 1.055 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8468 | (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 |
8469 | 260.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 | |
8470 | (corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 | |
495aee44 | 8471 | (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) |
a0c0a00f | 8472 | -.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) |
ac50fbac CR |
8473 | -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 |
8474 | (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8475 | (the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q |
8476 | (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) | |
8477 | .15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)3.236 | |
8478 | E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 | |
8479 | (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 | |
8480 | 332.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E | |
8481 | (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 | |
8482 | Q F0 .449(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 | |
495aee44 CR |
8483 | (lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 |
8484 | (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 | |
a0c0a00f | 8485 | F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G |
495aee44 CR |
8486 | .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 |
8487 | (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8488 | (attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 |
8489 | F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E | |
8490 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) | |
8491 | -.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G | |
8492 | (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 | |
8493 | 416.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G | |
495aee44 | 8494 | .797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
8495 | .797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 |
8496 | E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) | |
8497 | 144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 | |
8498 | (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 | |
495aee44 | 8499 | (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8500 | 452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E |
8501 | (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 | |
8502 | Q F0 .419(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) | |
8503 | 2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 | |
8504 | (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) | |
8505 | 184 488.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E | |
8506 | F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 | |
ac50fbac | 8507 | (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8508 | (using the)184 500.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F |
8509 | (s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) | |
ac50fbac | 8510 | 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8511 | (use ASCII collation and)184 512.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 |
8512 | (\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G | |
8513 | (ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 524.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 | |
8514 | (\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 536.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 548.4 R F1 | |
8515 | (bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) | |
8516 | -.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 | |
8517 | (string comparison when using the)184 560.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 | |
495aee44 | 8518 | (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8519 | 2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 |
8520 | (vious item\) and the ef)184 572.4 R .481 | |
8521 | (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 | |
8522 | (ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 584.4 Q | |
8523 | (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E | |
8524 | F1(compat40)144 596.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 | |
8525 | 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 | |
8526 | (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 | |
8527 | (string comparison when using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 | |
8528 | (conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) | |
8529 | 4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 632.4 R | |
8530 | F1(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 | |
8531 | (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F | |
8532 | (ersions)-.15 E .086 | |
8533 | (4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 644.4 R -.15 | |
8534 | (ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) | |
8535 | -.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 656.4 Q | |
8536 | (xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 668.4 Q F0 1.484 | |
8537 | (If set,)184 680.4 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F | |
8538 | F2(posix)3.984 E F0 1.483 | |
8539 | (mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 | |
8540 | (ex)184 692.4 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 | |
8541 | G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 | |
8542 | (nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 | |
8543 | (the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 | |
8544 | 704.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 | |
8545 | (posix mode through v)184 716.4 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) | |
8546 | 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 | |
8547 | (vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 728.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 | |
8548 | Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8549 | %%Page: 71 71 | |
8550 | %%BeginPageSetup | |
8551 | BP | |
8552 | %%EndPageSetup | |
8553 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F | |
8554 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8555 | SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.797(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 | |
ac50fbac | 8556 | (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8557 | 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 |
8558 | (va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 132 R F1 | |
8559 | (bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 | |
8560 | (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 | |
8561 | (pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 | |
8562 | (declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 | |
8563 | (ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .352 | |
8564 | (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) | |
8565 | -.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) | |
8566 | -2.853 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 | |
8567 | F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F | |
8568 | .374(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F | |
8569 | (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 | |
8570 | .375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F | |
8571 | (the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 | |
8572 | (complete_fullquote)144 204 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.153 E | |
8573 | F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ | |
8574 | mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 228 R 1.524 | |
8575 | (If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
8576 | 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F | |
8577 | 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ | |
8578 | enames when these)184 240 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 | |
8579 | 252 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 | |
8580 | F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 264 R 1.073 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8581 | (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 |
8582 | (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 | |
a0c0a00f | 8583 | (ev e)184 276 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 |
ac50fbac CR |
8584 | (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F |
8585 | 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 | |
8586 | (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 | |
a0c0a00f | 8587 | 288 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 300 Q |
ac50fbac | 8588 | (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8589 | (ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 312 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 |
8590 | (If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 | |
ac50fbac CR |
8591 | (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F |
8592 | .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 | |
a0c0a00f | 8593 | 336 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F |
ac50fbac | 8594 | (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8595 | 184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G |
8596 | (hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 | |
8597 | 360 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 | |
495aee44 | 8598 | (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 |
17345e5a | 8599 | (ord completion if)-.1 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8600 | (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E |
8601 | F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0(If set,)184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 | |
8602 | (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 | |
8603 | (nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) | |
8604 | 144 396 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 396 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) | |
8605 | -.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 | |
8606 | (xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 408 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
8607 | (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E |
8608 | (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8609 | E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 420 Q F0 |
8610 | .716(If set, aliases are e)184 432 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 | |
8611 | F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E | |
8612 | /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F | |
8613 | (by def)184 444 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) | |
8614 | .15 E F1(extdeb)144 456 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 468 R | |
8615 | -.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 | |
8616 | (cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F | |
8617 | .22(identical to the)184 480 R F1<adad646562>2.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 | |
8618 | (option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 | |
8619 | (cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 492 Q | |
8620 | (uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 504 Q F0(The)220 504 Q F1<ad46>4.251 | |
8621 | E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) | |
8622 | 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F | |
8623 | (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 516 Q | |
8624 | (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 528 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 | |
8625 | 528 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F | |
8626 | 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 540 | |
8627 | Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 552 Q F0 .841 | |
8628 | (If the command run by the)220 552 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 | |
8629 | (trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 | |
8630 | (exe)220 564 S .488 | |
17345e5a | 8631 | (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8632 | -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 |
8633 | (sour)220 576 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
8634 | (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E | |
8635 | (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 588 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 588 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 | |
8636 | (and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 | |
8637 | (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 600 Q | |
8638 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 612 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ | |
8639 | bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 612 R | |
8640 | (shells in)220 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 | |
8641 | (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 | |
8642 | (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 | |
8643 | (traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 636 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ | |
8644 | d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 636 R(in)220 648 Q | |
8645 | -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) | |
8646 | 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 | |
8647 | (extglob)144 660 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 660 R .4 | |
8648 | (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) | |
8649 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 672 Q | |
8650 | F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 684 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 696 R | |
8651 | F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 | |
8652 | E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) | |
8653 | -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G | |
8654 | (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 708 Q | |
8655 | (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q | |
8656 | (2016 August 26)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8657 | %%Page: 72 72 | |
495aee44 CR |
8658 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8659 | BP | |
8660 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8661 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8662 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8663 | SF(failglob)144 84 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 84 R 1.425 | |
8664 | (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 | |
8665 | (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 96 S(pansion error).15 E(.) | |
8666 | -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 108 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 | |
8667 | .937(If set, the suf)184 120 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) | |
8668 | -.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 | |
8669 | (ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 | |
8670 | (when performing w)184 132 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8671 | 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 | |
8672 | (ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 144 R F2 | |
8673 | .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) | |
8674 | -.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 | |
8675 | /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 | |
8676 | 156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 168 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) | |
8677 | 184 180 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 | |
8678 | (et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E | |
8679 | (n)-.135 E(Matching)184 192 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) | |
8680 | .15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 | |
8681 | G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 | |
8682 | (he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 | |
8683 | (That is, the current locale')184 204 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 | |
ac50fbac | 8684 | (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8685 | (b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 216 R F1(A) |
8686 | 3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F | |
8687 | .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 | |
8688 | (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 228 Q(.)-.55 E | |
8689 | F1(globstar)144 240 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 240 R F1(**)3.018 | |
8690 | E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 | |
8691 | (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 | |
8692 | (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 252 R .431 | |
8693 | (If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 | |
8694 | 2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 | |
8695 | 264 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 276 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ | |
8696 | en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 288 Q F1(histappend)144 | |
8697 | 300 Q F0 .676 | |
17345e5a | 8698 | (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8699 | 312 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G |
8700 | (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 324 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E | |
8701 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 336 Q(eedit)-.18 | |
8702 | E F0 .576(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 | |
8703 | (is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 | |
8704 | (he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F | |
8705 | (tory substitution.)184 360 Q F1(histv)144 372 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 | |
8706 | (If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 | |
17345e5a | 8707 | (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8708 | 2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 396 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 |
8709 | (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 | |
8710 | G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 408 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E | |
17345e5a | 8711 | 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8712 | (hostcomplete)144 420 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 |
8713 | G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 | |
8714 | (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 | |
8715 | 444 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 | |
8716 | (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E | |
8717 | F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 456 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F | |
8718 | (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 468 Q F0(If set,) | |
8719 | 184 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 | |
17345e5a | 8720 | (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8721 | .15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 492 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 |
8722 | (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 504 R .219(alue of the) | |
8723 | -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) | |
8724 | 2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 516 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F | |
8725 | (option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E | |
8726 | F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E | |
8727 | F0 .33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 | |
17345e5a JA |
8728 | (ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 |
8729 | (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 | |
a0c0a00f | 8730 | (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 |
ac50fbac | 8731 | H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8732 | G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q |
8733 | (ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 | |
8734 | (If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) | |
8735 | .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F | |
8736 | -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) | |
8737 | 184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) | |
8738 | 184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 | |
495aee44 CR |
8739 | (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G |
8740 | 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8741 | (with embedded ne)184 612 Q |
8742 | (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 | |
8743 | (login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 | |
8744 | (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 | |
8745 | 636 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) | |
8746 | -.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 | |
8747 | E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 | |
8748 | 672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 | |
8749 | (is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F | |
8750 | -.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E | |
8751 | (`The mail in)-.74 E F4(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) | |
8752 | -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 | |
8753 | Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 | |
8754 | (is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 | |
8755 | (will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E | |
8756 | F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F | |
8757 | (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q | |
8758 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8759 | %%Page: 73 73 | |
495aee44 CR |
8760 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8761 | BP | |
8762 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8763 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8764 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
8765 | SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 | |
ac50fbac | 8766 | (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 8767 | H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S |
ac50fbac | 8768 | (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8769 | -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 |
8770 | 132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) | |
ac50fbac | 8771 | 3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8772 | F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 |
8773 | (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 | |
8774 | (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 | |
8775 | (wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ | |
8776 | le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 | |
8777 | (nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) | |
8778 | 3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) | |
8779 | 3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 | |
8780 | (\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S | |
8781 | (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 | |
8782 | 216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 | |
8783 | 228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 | |
8784 | (ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E | |
8785 | (are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 | |
8786 | (pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 | |
8787 | (If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F | |
8788 | 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 | |
8789 | S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 | |
8790 | (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 | |
8791 | /Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G | |
8792 | (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) | |
8793 | 144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 | |
17345e5a | 8794 | (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8795 | 184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 |
8796 | (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 | |
8797 | (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
8798 | (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E | |
17345e5a | 8799 | -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f | 8800 | F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 |
495aee44 | 8801 | (shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 |
0001803f | 8802 | (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8803 | (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) |
8804 | 144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E | |
0001803f | 8805 | (ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) |
495aee44 CR |
8806 | -3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 |
8807 | (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8808 | 184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) |
8809 | -.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 8810 | -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8811 | E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 |
8812 | (Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 | |
495aee44 CR |
8813 | (cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G |
8814 | F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) | |
a0c0a00f | 8815 | 3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 |
495aee44 | 8816 | (option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 |
0001803f | 8817 | (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) |
a0c0a00f | 8818 | 5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E |
495aee44 | 8819 | F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8820 | E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) |
8821 | 108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 | |
8822 | (Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 | |
ac50fbac | 8823 | (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 |
a0c0a00f | 8824 | (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 |
ac50fbac CR |
8825 | S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 |
8826 | (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 | |
8827 | (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 | |
a0c0a00f | 8828 | (primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E |
ac50fbac CR |
8829 | F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF |
8830 | (.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E | |
a0c0a00f | 8831 | (options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 |
ac50fbac | 8832 | E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 |
a0c0a00f | 8833 | (Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 |
495aee44 | 8834 | (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 |
a0c0a00f | 8835 | (dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 |
495aee44 CR |
8836 | (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F |
8837 | 4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8838 | (used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G |
8839 | (ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E | |
8840 | F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 | |
8841 | E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 | |
8842 | .26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 | |
8843 | E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 | |
8844 | (rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 | |
8845 | (ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 | |
8846 | -.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 | |
8847 | E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S | |
8848 | (pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 | |
8849 | 675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 | |
8850 | (ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E | |
8851 | F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E | |
8852 | (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E | |
8853 | (guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(73) | |
8854 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8855 | %%Page: 74 74 | |
17345e5a JA |
8856 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8857 | BP | |
8858 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8859 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8860 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S | |
8861 | -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) | |
8862 | -.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q | |
495aee44 | 8863 | (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8864 | E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 |
8865 | 144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C | |
8866 | .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 | |
8867 | F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 | |
495aee44 | 8868 | (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8869 | -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 |
8870 | 168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 | |
495aee44 | 8871 | (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f | 8872 | .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q |
495aee44 | 8873 | (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8874 | (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G |
8875 | (uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 | |
495aee44 CR |
8876 | (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 |
8877 | (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8878 | (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) |
8879 | -.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A | |
8880 | F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ | |
8881 | ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) | |
8882 | -.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and) | |
8883 | 3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 | |
495aee44 | 8884 | (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8885 | (three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F |
8886 | .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 | |
8887 | (alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 | |
8888 | E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 | |
8889 | (guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F | |
8890 | (xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q | |
8891 | .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 | |
8892 | (he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 | |
8893 | F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q | |
8894 | (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G | |
8895 | (uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 | |
8896 | (!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 | |
8897 | G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 | |
8898 | (xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 | |
8899 | (guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 | |
8900 | (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E | |
8901 | (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) | |
8902 | -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 | |
8903 | E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) | |
8904 | -.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F | |
8905 | (abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) | |
8906 | 2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 | |
8907 | E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E | |
8908 | (xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 | |
495aee44 | 8909 | 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ |
a0c0a00f CR |
8910 | processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 |
8911 | 418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E | |
8912 | /F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) | |
8913 | 2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 | |
8914 | (is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 | |
8915 | (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G | |
8916 | (ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 | |
8917 | (ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) | |
8918 | 144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E | |
8919 | F0 3.108(,e)C .608 | |
0001803f | 8920 | (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8921 | .658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) |
8922 | -.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 | |
8923 | (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) | |
8924 | 144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 | |
495aee44 | 8925 | (is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
8926 | -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 |
8927 | (is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 | |
8928 | (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R | |
8929 | F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 | |
8930 | F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 | |
8931 | E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 | |
0001803f | 8932 | (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 |
a0c0a00f | 8933 | (signal. The)144 519.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ |
495aee44 | 8934 | to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8935 | 4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 |
8936 | (is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 | |
0001803f | 8937 | (>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E |
a0c0a00f CR |
8938 | (names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E |
8939 | F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 | |
8940 | (sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 | |
8941 | (\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F | |
0001803f | 8942 | -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
8943 | 1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q |
8944 | (UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 8945 | 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8946 | -.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 |
8947 | (command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 | |
495aee44 | 8948 | (select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 |
a0c0a00f | 8949 | (ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 |
0001803f | 8950 | (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 |
a0c0a00f | 8951 | (cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 |
0001803f | 8952 | (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8953 | F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 |
8954 | .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 | |
8955 | (iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) | |
8956 | -.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 | |
8957 | (RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) | |
495aee44 | 8958 | 3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 |
0001803f | 8959 | (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
8960 | .643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) |
8961 | -.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) | |
8962 | -.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E | |
8963 | F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
8964 | .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
8965 | 3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ | |
8966 | gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ | |
8967 | ro e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 | |
8968 | 675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 | |
8969 | (trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 | |
8970 | (ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 | |
8971 | (mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) | |
8972 | 2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 | |
8973 | (ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 | |
8974 | (statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
8975 | .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 | |
8976 | (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 | |
8977 | (wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 | |
8978 | 3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R | |
8979 | 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) | |
8980 | -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F | |
8981 | F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q | |
8982 | (yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 | |
8983 | (\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(74) | |
8984 | 192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
8985 | %%Page: 75 75 | |
495aee44 CR |
8986 | %%BeginPageSetup |
8987 | BP | |
8988 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
8989 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
8990 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 | |
ac50fbac | 8991 | (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 |
a0c0a00f CR |
8992 | 84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 |
8993 | (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 | |
ac50fbac | 8994 | (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) |
a0c0a00f CR |
8995 | -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 |
8996 | E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 | |
8997 | (va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 | |
8998 | (returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) | |
8999 | A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S | |
9000 | .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 | |
9001 | (name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 | |
0001803f | 9002 | (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
9003 | F2<ad74>144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 |
9004 | .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E | |
9005 | F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 | |
9006 | (,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 | |
9007 | (\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 | |
0001803f CR |
9008 | (is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 |
9009 | (ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 | |
a0c0a00f | 9010 | (ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 |
0001803f | 9011 | (name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 |
a0c0a00f | 9012 | (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 |
0001803f | 9013 | (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F |
ac50fbac | 9014 | F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9015 | (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 |
9016 | (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 | |
0001803f | 9017 | .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9018 | 144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 |
9019 | G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E | |
9020 | F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 | |
9021 | (PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 | |
9022 | E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 | |
9023 | (type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 | |
9024 | (\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 | |
9025 | (ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2<ad50> | |
9026 | 3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 | |
9027 | (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 | |
9028 | F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) | |
9029 | 5.23 F F2<ad61>144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) | |
9030 | 4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 | |
9031 | (xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G | |
9032 | (his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) | |
9033 | 144 244.8 R F2<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F | |
9034 | .743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 | |
9035 | (commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 | |
9036 | 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223 | |
9037 | (option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 | |
9038 | 268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E | |
9039 | F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) | |
9040 | -.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F | |
9041 | (found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 | |
9042 | (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 | |
9043 | 309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 | |
9044 | (he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 | |
17345e5a | 9045 | (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F |
a0c0a00f | 9046 | .944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F |
ac50fbac | 9047 | (The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 |
17345e5a | 9048 | (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) |
a0c0a00f | 9049 | 144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 |
17345e5a | 9050 | (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ |
a0c0a00f | 9051 | ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 |
ac50fbac CR |
9052 | (alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E |
9053 | F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 | |
9054 | (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 | |
a0c0a00f | 9055 | 357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 |
17345e5a | 9056 | (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F |
a0c0a00f | 9057 | .742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 |
ac50fbac | 9058 | (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) |
17345e5a | 9059 | C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9060 | (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E |
9061 | 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 | |
17345e5a | 9062 | (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 |
a0c0a00f | 9063 | F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0 |
ac50fbac | 9064 | .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 |
17345e5a | 9065 | (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F |
a0c0a00f | 9066 | (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 |
ac50fbac | 9067 | (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9068 | <ad61>144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 |
9069 | <ad62>144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E | |
9070 | (fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63>144 441.6 Q F0 | |
9071 | (The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2<ad64>144 453.6 | |
9072 | Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) | |
9073 | -2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 465.6 Q F0 | |
9074 | (The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2<ad66>144 | |
9075 | 477.6 Q F0 | |
9076 | (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 | |
9077 | 477.6 Q F2<ad69>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 | |
9078 | 489.6 Q F2<ad6b>144 501.6 Q F0 | |
9079 | (The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 | |
9080 | <ad6c>144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q | |
9081 | (ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 525.6 Q F0 | |
9082 | (The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G | |
9083 | (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ | |
495aee44 | 9084 | e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9085 | 180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F |
9086 | (be set\))180 549.6 Q F2<ad70>144 561.6 Q F0 | |
9087 | (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 | |
9088 | <ad71>144 573.6 Q F0 | |
9089 | (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 | |
9090 | <ad72>144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 | |
9091 | Q F2<ad73>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2<ad74>144 | |
9092 | 609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 | |
9093 | <ad75>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 | |
9094 | (va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 633.6 Q F0 .47 | |
9095 | (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 | |
495aee44 | 9096 | (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9097 | 645.6 Q F2<ad78>144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 |
9098 | 657.6 Q F2<ad50>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 | |
9099 | 669.6 Q F2<ad54>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q | |
9100 | (If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
9101 | .468(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 | |
9102 | F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 | |
9103 | (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 | |
9104 | (no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2<ad66> | |
9105 | 2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 | |
9106 | (lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 | |
9107 | <ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 | |
9108 | 722.4 R F2<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 | |
9109 | (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F2<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F2 | |
9110 | <ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F2<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F2<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F2 | |
9111 | <ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C | |
9112 | 1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E | |
9113 | (75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
9114 | %%Page: 76 76 | |
ac50fbac CR |
9115 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9116 | BP | |
9117 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9118 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
9119 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) | |
9120 | 144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 | |
9121 | SF<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 | |
9122 | (hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 | |
9123 | (return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 | |
9124 | (lid option or ar).25 F .404 | |
9125 | (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 | |
9126 | 108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 | |
9127 | <ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF | |
9128 | (mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 | |
9129 | R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 | |
17345e5a JA |
9130 | (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ |
9131 | therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9132 | pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 |
9133 | 160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 | |
17345e5a | 9134 | (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 |
ac50fbac | 9135 | (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 |
a0c0a00f | 9136 | (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 |
17345e5a | 9137 | (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G |
ac50fbac | 9138 | (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9139 | (mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 |
9140 | (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 | |
9141 | F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q | |
0001803f CR |
9142 | (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E |
9143 | (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9144 | (unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 |
9145 | (...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) | |
0001803f CR |
9146 | 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E |
9147 | F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 | |
a0c0a00f | 9148 | F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E |
0001803f | 9149 | (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 |
a0c0a00f | 9150 | (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 |
ac50fbac | 9151 | (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9152 | 2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 |
9153 | 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 | |
ac50fbac | 9154 | (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9155 | (If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) |
9156 | -.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 | |
9157 | (refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 | |
9158 | (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) | |
9159 | 4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 | |
9160 | <ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 9161 | 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 |
a0c0a00f | 9162 | F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> |
ac50fbac CR |
9163 | 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 |
9164 | (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9165 | F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 |
9166 | (be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 | |
ac50fbac | 9167 | F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9168 | <ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 |
9169 | (options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 | |
9170 | (refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 | |
9171 | (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 | |
9172 | (tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F | |
9173 | 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G | |
9174 | 1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 | |
9175 | (passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 | |
ac50fbac | 9176 | (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9177 | E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E |
9178 | F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) | |
9179 | 4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E | |
ac50fbac | 9180 | F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9181 | F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 |
9182 | 374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 | |
ac50fbac | 9183 | G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) |
a0c0a00f | 9184 | -.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q |
ac50fbac | 9185 | F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9186 | (Wa)144 403.2 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ |
9187 | ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 | |
9188 | (may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 | |
9189 | (or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 | |
9190 | G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 | |
ac50fbac | 9191 | (ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E |
a0c0a00f | 9192 | F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 |
ac50fbac CR |
9193 | (n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 |
9194 | (hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9195 | (nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1<ad6e>144 |
9196 | 439.2 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) | |
9197 | 2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 | |
9198 | (ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) | |
9199 | 5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 451.2 S(on-e) | |
9200 | -2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F | |
9201 | .096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 | |
9202 | F(of the last process or job w)144 463.2 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 | |
9203 | 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 480 Q F0(If)108 492 Q F1(bash) | |
9204 | 4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 | |
9205 | 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 | |
9206 | (option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 | |
9207 | (cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 504 R .945 | |
9208 | (restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 | |
9209 | (vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E | |
9210 | (beha)108 516 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1(bash) | |
9211 | 2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E | |
9212 | (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 532.8 Q | |
9213 | (changing directories with)144 532.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0<83>108 549.6 Q | |
9214 | (setting or unsetting the v)144 549.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F3(SHELL)2.5 E | |
ac50fbac | 9215 | F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9216 | 2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0<83>108 566.4 Q |
9217 | (specifying command names containing)144 566.4 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 | |
9218 | 583.2 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 583.2 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 | |
495aee44 | 9219 | (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
9220 | (iltin command).2 E<83>108 600 Q .45 |
9221 | (specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 600 R .449 | |
9222 | (gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 | |
9223 | (hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 612 Q<83> | |
9224 | 108 628.8 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 628.8 | |
9225 | Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 645.6 Q(parsing the v)144 645.6 Q | |
9226 | (alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E | |
9227 | (vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 662.4 Q(redirecting output using the\ | |
9228 | >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 662.4 Q<83>108 | |
9229 | 679.2 Q(using the)144 679.2 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
9230 | (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108 696 | |
9231 | Q(adding or deleting b)144 696 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F1<ad66> | |
9232 | 2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E | |
9233 | F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 712.8 Q(using the)144 712.8 Q | |
9234 | F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G | |
9235 | (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E | |
9236 | (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
9237 | %%Page: 77 77 | |
ac50fbac CR |
9238 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9239 | BP | |
9240 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9241 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
9242 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q | |
9243 | (specifying the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.5 E F0 | |
9244 | (option to the)2.5 E F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E | |
9245 | <83>108 100.8 Q(turning of)144 100.8 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G | |
9246 | (estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1(set +r)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 | |
9247 | E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 | |
9248 | 117.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 | |
9249 | (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 134.4 R -.15 | |
9250 | (xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.567 | |
9251 | (COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1 | |
9252 | (rbash)108 146.4 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H | |
ac50fbac | 9253 | (estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G |
a0c0a00f CR |
9254 | (cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 163.2 Q/F4 |
9255 | 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 175.2 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5 | |
ac50fbac | 9256 | (,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9257 | (The Gnu Readline Libr)108 187.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E |
9258 | (ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 199.2 Q | |
17345e5a | 9259 | (ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E |
a0c0a00f | 9260 | F4 -.8(Po)108 211.2 S(rtable Oper).8 E |
ac50fbac | 9261 | (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9262 | -.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 223.2 Q |
9263 | (g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E(http://tiswww)108 235.2 Q | |
ac50fbac | 9264 | (.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode)-.65 E F4(sh) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9265 | 108 247.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A |
9266 | F4(emacs)108 259.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 | |
9267 | 271.2 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 288 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 | |
9268 | 300 Q F0(The)144 312 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4 | |
9269 | (/etc/pr)109.666 324 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 | |
9270 | (The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 336 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
9271 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 348 Q(o\214le)-.45 E | |
9272 | F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 360 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
9273 | (cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 372 Q(c)-.37 E F0 | |
9274 | (The indi)144 384 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G | |
9275 | (-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 396 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 | |
9276 | (The indi)144 408 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe) | |
9277 | -.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 | |
9278 | 420 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 432 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline) | |
9279 | .37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 448.8 S(THORS).548 E | |
9280 | F0(Brian F)108 460.8 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 | |
9281 | E(bfox@gnu.or)108 472.8 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 489.6 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) | |
9282 | -.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) | |
9283 | -.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 501.6 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72 | |
9284 | 518.4 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 | |
9285 | (If you \214nd a b)108 530.4 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 | |
ac50fbac | 9286 | (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F |
a0c0a00f CR |
9287 | 3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 |
9288 | F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 542.4 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 | |
9289 | F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 | |
9290 | (ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 | |
9291 | (ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 554.4 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 | |
9292 | E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 571.2 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 | |
9293 | (etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) | |
9294 | -.15 F F4(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 | |
9295 | (ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 583.2 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) | |
9296 | -.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 | |
9297 | (Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F | |
9298 | (be mailed to)108 595.2 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 | |
ac50fbac | 9299 | (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) |
a0c0a00f CR |
9300 | -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 612 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 |
9301 | 628.8 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 640.8 Q | |
9302 | (are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 652.8 Q | |
9303 | 2.5(Ad)108 664.8 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E | |
9304 | 2.5(As)108 676.8 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G | |
9305 | (rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 693.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 | |
9306 | (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) | |
9307 | 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 | |
9308 | 710.4 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 | |
9309 | E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) | |
9310 | .25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg | |
9311 | EP | |
9312 | %%Page: 78 78 | |
17345e5a JA |
9313 | %%BeginPageSetup |
9314 | BP | |
9315 | %%EndPageSetup | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9316 | /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F |
9317 | (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 | |
9318 | /Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G | |
9319 | (oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 | |
9320 | (There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F/F2 | |
ac50fbac | 9321 | 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869 |
a0c0a00f CR |
9322 | (ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 |
9323 | (ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0 | |
9324 | (speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q | |
9325 | (Shell b)108 158.4 Q | |
17345e5a JA |
9326 | (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E |
9327 | 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ | |
a0c0a00f CR |
9328 | re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .39 |
9329 | (process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389 | |
9330 | (When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 | |
9331 | G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 | |
9332 | (mand in the sequence.)108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ | |
9333 | place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) | |
9334 | -.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 | |
9335 | 228 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E | |
9336 | (There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H | |
9337 | (oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 | |
9338 | E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP | |
17345e5a JA |
9339 | %%Trailer |
9340 | end | |
9341 | %%EOF |