not set anywhere yet), call sigpipe_handler instead of terminating
the shell. Still need to make sure a sighandler is installed for
SIGPIPE even if initialize_terminating_signals isn't called
+
+ 4/14
+ ----
+lib/sh/tmpfile.c
+ - sh_mktmpfd: add support for MT_UNLINK flag, unlinks created filename
+ before returning fd, fails if the unlink fails for some reason
+
+ 4/15
+ ----
+pathexp.c,pathexp.h
+ - globsort: support for various glob sorting criteria as defined by
+ the GLOBSORT variable: name, size, blocks, mtime, atime, ctime.
+ Default is ascending sort by name, as is traditional. Based on an
+ idea from Evan Gates <evan.gates@gmail.com>
+ - setup_globsort: parse the value of the GLOBSORT variable, find
+ sorting type and whether or not it's ascending or descending
+ - noquote_glob_filename: glob_filename for programmable completion,
+ doesn't call quote_string_for_globbing and honors GLOBSORT, dotglob,
+ and globstar
+
+pcomplete.c
+ - gen_globpat_matches: call noquote_glob_filename, let that handle
+ all the variables and GLOB_FAILED
+
+variables.c
+ - GLOBSORT: support for special variable, call setup_globsort on
+ set or unset
+
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - GLOBSORT: document variable and its effects on pathname expansion
lib/readline/examples/rlcat.c f
lib/readline/examples/Inputrc f
lib/sh/Makefile.in f
+lib/sh/anonfile.c f
lib/sh/casemod.c f
lib/sh/clktck.c f
lib/sh/clock.c f
lib/sh/strftime.c f
lib/sh/stringlist.c f
lib/sh/stringvec.c f
+lib/sh/strlcpy.c f
lib/sh/strnlen.c f
lib/sh/strpbrk.c f
+lib/sh/strscpy.c f
lib/sh/strstr.c f
lib/sh/strtod.c f
lib/sh/strtoimax.c f
${SH_LIBSRC}/eaccess.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcsdup.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/zmapfd.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/fpurge.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/zgetline.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbscmp.c \
- ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbsncmp.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbsncmp.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/anonfile.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/casemod.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/uconvert.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/ufuncs.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/dprintf.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/input_avail.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbscasecmp.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/wcswidth.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcsnwidth.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/shmbchar.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/utf8.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/random.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/gettimeofday.c \
- ${SH_LIBSRC}/timers.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strvis.c
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/timers.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strvis.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strlcpy.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strscpy.c
SHLIB_LIB = -lsh
SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a
the Posix.2 confstr () function, or CS_PATH define are not present. */
#ifndef STANDARD_UTILS_PATH
#define STANDARD_UTILS_PATH \
- "/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/etc:/usr/etc"
+ "/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin"
#endif
/* The default path for enable -f */
/* Define if you have the mbsrtowcs function. */
#undef HAVE_MBSRTOWCS
+/* Define if you have the memfd_create function. */
+#undef HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE
+
/* Define if you have the memmove function. */
#undef HAVE_MEMMOVE
#undef HAVE_SETRESUID
#undef HAVE_DECL_SETRESUID
+/* Define if you have the shm_open function. */
+#undef HAVE_SHM_OPEN
+
+/* Define if you have the shm_mkstemp function. */
+#undef HAVE_SHM_MKSTEMP
+
/* Define if you have the setvbuf function. */
#undef HAVE_SETVBUF
/* Define if you have the strftime function. */
#undef HAVE_STRFTIME
+/* Define if you have the strlcat function. */
+#undef HAVE_STRLCAT
+
/* Define if you have the strnlen function. */
#undef HAVE_STRNLEN
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.049.
+# From configure.ac for Bash 5.2, version 5.050.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for bash 5.2-maint.
#
fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strlcat" "ac_cv_func_strlcat"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_strlcat" = xyes
+then :
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRLCAT 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
+
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "memfd_create" "ac_cv_func_memfd_create"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_memfd_create" = xyes
+then :
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "shm_open" "ac_cv_func_shm_open"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_shm_open" = xyes
+then :
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SHM_OPEN 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "shm_mkstemp" "ac_cv_func_shm_mkstemp"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_shm_mkstemp" = xyes
+then :
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SHM_MKSTEMP 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "getcwd" "ac_cv_func_getcwd"
if test "x$ac_cv_func_getcwd" = xyes
fi
+ac_fn_c_check_func "$LINENO" "strlcpy" "ac_cv_func_strlcpy"
+if test "x$ac_cv_func_strlcpy" = xyes
+then :
+ printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_STRLCPY 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+else $as_nop
+ case " $LIBOBJS " in
+ *" strlcpy.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
+ *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS strlcpy.$ac_objext"
+ ;;
+esac
+
+fi
+
ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "libaudit.h" "ac_cv_header_libaudit_h" "$ac_includes_default"
if test "x$ac_cv_header_libaudit_h" = xyes
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.049])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 5.2, version 5.050])dnl
define(bashvers, 5.2)
define(relstatus, maint)
AC_CHECK_FUNCS(getpwent getpwnam getpwuid)
AC_CHECK_FUNCS(mkstemp mkdtemp)
AC_CHECK_FUNCS(arc4random)
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(strlcat)
+
+AC_CHECK_FUNCS(memfd_create shm_open shm_mkstemp)
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(getcwd memset)
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strcasecmp strcasestr strerror strftime strnlen strpbrk strstr)
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(dprintf)
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strchrnul)
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strdup)
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(strlcpy)
AC_CHECK_HEADERS(libaudit.h)
AC_CHECK_DECLS([AUDIT_USER_TTY],,, [[#include <linux/audit.h>]])
names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
+ G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT
+ Control how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The
+ value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or-
+ der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is
+ unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the
+ historial behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value
+ begins with an optional _\b+, which is ignored, or _\b-, which re-
+ verses the sort order from ascending to descending, followed by
+ a sort specifier. The valid sort specifiers are _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, _\bs_\bi_\bz_\be,
+ _\bm_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\ba_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, _\bc_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be, and _\bb_\bl_\bo_\bc_\bk_\bs, which sort the files on name,
+ file size, modification time, access time, inode change time,
+ and number of blocks, respectively. For example, a value of
+ -\b-m\bmt\bti\bim\bme\be sorts the results in descending order by modification
+ time (newest first). If the sort specifier is missing, it de-
+ faults to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so a value of _\b+ is equivalent to the null
+ string, and a value of _\b- sorts by name in descending order. Any
+ invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes _\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes _\bi_\bg_\b-
+ _\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
the command history is not saved when a shell exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
- lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
- truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
- the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
- Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
- truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
+ the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+ Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
+ truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is an-
- chored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
- line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is tested
- against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is an-
+ chored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
+ line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is tested
+ against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching char-
- acters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&' may be es-
- caped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before at-
- tempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-
- line compound command are not tested, and are added to the his-
- tory regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern match-
+ acters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&' may be es-
+ caped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before at-
+ tempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-
+ line compound command are not tested, and are added to the his-
+ tory regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern match-
ing honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every
- command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
- The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
+ command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
+ The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
- tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
+ tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting af-
- ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
fault of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
I\bIN\bNS\bSI\bID\bDE\bE_\b_E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS
- If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
- starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
- buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
+ If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
+ starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
+ buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
quences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
L\bLC\bC_\b_T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
- This variable determines the locale category used for data and
+ This variable determines the locale category used for data and
time formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the ar-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the ar-
rival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
- fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
+ fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
- able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
+ able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g.,
/var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-
cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
- command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed. When the shell enters
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed. When the shell enters
_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
- element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
- prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
+ If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
+ element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
+ prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
used as a command to execute instead.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
+ P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
before the command is executed.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an ex-
ecution trace. The first character of the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4
is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
levels of indirection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
- is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
+ is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the de-
- fault timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
+ fault timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input
after issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
- for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
+ for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref-
erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array
indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly
- declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be may be of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be in the list is expanded using the shell expansions
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be may be of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be in the list is expanded using the shell expansions
described below under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN, but _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\bes that are valid variable as-
signments including the brackets and subscript do not undergo brace ex-
- pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments.
- When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub-
- script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of
- the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ pansion and word splitting, as with individual variable assignments.
+ When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub-
+ script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of
+ the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign-
- ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is
- required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al-
- ternating keys and values: _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( _\bk_\be_\by_\b1 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 _\bk_\be_\by_\b2 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b). These
- are treated identically to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( [_\bk_\be_\by_\b1]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 [_\bk_\be_\by_\b2]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b).
- The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in-
- terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When
- using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final
+ ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is
+ required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al-
+ ternating keys and values: _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( _\bk_\be_\by_\b1 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 _\bk_\be_\by_\b2 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b). These
+ are treated identically to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( [_\bk_\be_\by_\b1]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 [_\bk_\be_\by_\b2]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b).
+ The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in-
+ terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When
+ using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final
missing value is treated like the empty string.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
- troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
- scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
- to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
+ troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
+ scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
+ to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
last element.
- The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using
+ The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using
the compound assignment syntax; see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS above.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex-
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex-
pansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the
- original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
+ original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion
- of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
- ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
+ of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
+ ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar-
ray. If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array
- evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to
- one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices
+ evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to
+ one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices
count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
last element.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref-
- erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
+ erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
using a valid subscript is legal, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will create an array if nec-
essary.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
- values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
+ It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
+ values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
array variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
the expansion of the special parameters _\b@ and _\b* within double quotes.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] de-
stroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
- ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
- as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
- does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
+ ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
+ as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
+ does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or
@\b@, behaves differently depending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or asso-
- ciative array. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array, this unsets the ele-
+ ciative array. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array, this unsets the ele-
ment with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset removes
all of the elements but does not remove the array itself.
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path-
name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
- ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
+ ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
sion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
- original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+ After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+ original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
(_\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl).
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
- crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
- single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
+ crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
+ single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
pansions of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
- number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed
- with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx or _\by
- begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to
- contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When
- letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico-
- graphically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the default C locale.
- Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type (integer or letter).
- When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+ number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be prefixed
+ with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx or _\by
+ begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated terms to
+ contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary. When
+ letters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico-
+ graphically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the default C locale.
+ Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type (integer or letter).
+ When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex-
pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A
- {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
- places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
+ places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as-
- signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
+ signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
panded value.
- Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
+ Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
of variable assignments (as described above under P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) when they
- appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
+ appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
for the _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands listed above, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em-
- bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
+ bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
sion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell
- parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
+ parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
(A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs).
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of indirection. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the new _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
- the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
+ the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The value is subject to tilde ex-
- pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
- pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
- parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
- indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
- ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
- must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
+ pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
+ pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
+ parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
+ indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
+ ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
+ must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
tion.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be-
- low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
- Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
+ low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+ Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
set.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
rameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
- _\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@
- or *\b*, or an associative array name, the results differ as de-
- scribed below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
+ _\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@
+ or *\b*, or an associative array name, the results differ as de-
+ scribed below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring
of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by
_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
are arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value
- of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
- sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
- that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
+ of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
+ sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
+ that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expansion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
- ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
- to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
+ ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
+ to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if
- there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
+ there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
- result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
+ result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an
expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un-
defined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
- fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
+ fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
$\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
- stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
+ stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substituted is
the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed
- array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
- terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+ array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
+ terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
- case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
+ case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
eration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array vari-
- able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
- applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
+ able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
+ applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
- pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
+ pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/#\b#_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/%\b%_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari-
- able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub-
- stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and vari-
+ able expansion, arithmetic expansion, command and process sub-
+ stitution, and quote removal. The match is performed using the
rules described under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. In the first form
- above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two
+ above, only the first match is replaced. If there are two
slashes separating _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn (the second form
- above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it must match
+ above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it must match
at the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must match at the
- end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If the expansion of
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is
+ is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must match at the
+ end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If the expansion of
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is
null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
may be omitted.
- If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt,
- any unquoted instances of &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg are replaced with the
+ If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt,
+ any unquoted instances of &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg are replaced with the
matching portion of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
Quoting any part of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg inhibits replacement in the expansion
- of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in
- shell variables. Backslash will escape &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the back-
- slash is removed in order to permit a literal &\b& in the replace-
- ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash;
- \\b\\\b\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users
- should take care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted
- interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since
- backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern
- substitution performs the check for unquoted &\b& after expanding
+ of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in
+ shell variables. Backslash will escape &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the back-
+ slash is removed in order to permit a literal &\b& in the replace-
+ ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash;
+ \\b\\\b\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users
+ should take care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted
+ interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since
+ backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern
+ substitution performs the check for unquoted &\b& after expanding
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; shell programmers should quote any occurrences of &\b& they
want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure any in-
stances of &\b& they want to be replaced are unquoted.
- If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is per-
- formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to
- each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re-
- sultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to each mem-
- ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is per-
+ formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to
+ each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re-
+ sultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to each mem-
+ ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
- should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
erator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase;
the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
- The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br@\b@_\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br}
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. The expansion is either a transforma-
- tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
+ tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
single letter:
- U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
+ U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
case.
- u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is
alphabetic.
- L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
+ L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
case.
- Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
- E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
+ E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
$\b$'\b'.\b..\b..\b.'\b' quoting mechanism.
P\bP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding
the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as if it were a prompt string (see
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
- A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
- statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
+ A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
+ statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with its attributes and value.
K\bK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
_\be_\bt_\be_\br, except that it prints the values of indexed and as-
- sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
+ sociative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value pairs
(see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above).
- a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
+ a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br's attributes.
- k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
- ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
+ k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
+ ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
after word splitting.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
*\b*, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
- The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
+ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
pathname expansion as described below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in a subshell environ-
ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of
the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are
- not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
- mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
+ not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
+ mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
- ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
+ ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo param-
- eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
- The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+ eter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
+ The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
- to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
- process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
+ to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
+ process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com-
- mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
- writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
- is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
+ mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
+ writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
+ is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup-
port named pipes (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
- results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
field terminators.
If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the de-
- fault, then sequences of s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be at the beginning and
- end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se-
- quence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit
- words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then sequences of
- the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the
- beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
- in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
- characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
+ fault, then sequences of s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se-
+ quence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to delimit
+ words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+ the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the
+ beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+ in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
+ characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
is also treated as a delimiter.
- If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is un-
- set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of
+ If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is un-
+ set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of
<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the
expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame-
ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re-
sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When
- a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
+ a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes
-d after word splitting and null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and
- replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
- pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
- found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
- unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
- the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
- matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
+ replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
+ pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
+ found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
+ unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
+ the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
+ matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is per-
- formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
- pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
- start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
- plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
+ formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
+ pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
+ start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
+ plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
the filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', the pattern must begin with ``.'' (for
- example, ``.?''), even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. If the g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs shell
- option is enabled, the filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are never matched,
- even if the pattern begins with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. When not matching pathnames,
- the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
- name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
- in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
- special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
- See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
- description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
+ example, ``.?''), even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. If the g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs shell
+ option is enabled, the filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are never matched,
+ even if the pattern begins with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. When not matching pathnames,
+ the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
+ name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
+ in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
+ special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
+ See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
+ description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
- ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
+ ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
case. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other
- filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
- of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
+ filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
+ of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option.
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT variable controls how the results of pathname expansion
+ are sorted, as described above.
+
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
- c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. The vari-
able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for the directory containing
-GNU Bash 5.2 2023 March 14 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.2 2023 April 15 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Tue Mar 14 16:19:06 EDT 2023
+.\" Last Change: Sat Apr 15 17:52:31 EDT 2023
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2023 March 14" "GNU Bash 5.2"
+.TH BASH 1 "2023 April 15" "GNU Bash 5.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
.BR GLOBIGNORE ,
it is removed from the list of matches.
.TP
+.B GLOBSORT
+Control how the results of pathname expansion are sorted.
+The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
+the results of pathname expansion.
+If this variable is unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion
+uses the historial behavior of sorting by name.
+If set, a valid value begins with an optional \fI+\fP, which is ignored,
+or \fI\-\fP, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
+followed by a sort specifier.
+The valid sort specifiers are
+.IR name ,
+.IR size ,
+.IR mtime ,
+.IR atime ,
+.IR ctime ,
+and
+.IR blocks ,
+which sort the files on name, file size, modification time, access time,
+inode change time, and number of blocks, respectively.
+For example, a value of \fB\-mtime\fP sorts the results in descending
+order by modification time (newest first).
+If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to \fIname\fP,
+so a value of \fI+\fP is equivalent to the null string,
+and a value of \fI-\fP sorts by name in descending order.
+Any invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior.
+.TP
.B HISTCONTROL
A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
the history list.
The pattern matching honors the setting of the \fBextglob\fP shell
option.
.PP
+The
+.SM
+.B GLOBSORT
+variable controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted, as
+described above.
+.PP
\fBPattern Matching\fP
.PP
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 14 March 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 15 April 2023).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 14 March 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 15 April 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 14 March 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 15 April 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 14 March 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 15 April 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE'. The 'dotglob' option is disabled when
'GLOBIGNORE' is unset.
+ After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the
+value of the 'GLOBSORT' variable controls how the results are sorted, as
+described below (*note Bash Variables::).
+
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Pattern Matching, Up: Filename Expansion
Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
redirections, as described in the following table. If the operating
-system on which Bash is running provides these special files, bash will
+system on which Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will
use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior
described below.
than or equal to 1.
'cd'
- cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY is
not supplied, the value of the 'HOME' shell variable is used. If
words to be completed. This means that dollar signs in
variable names that expand to directories will not be quoted;
however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be
- quoted, either. This is active only when bash is using
+ quoted, either. This is active only when Bash is using
backslashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in versions
through 4.2.
'BASH_ARGC'
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
- frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+ frame of the current Bash execution call stack. The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script
executed with '.' or 'source') is at the top of the stack. When a
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed
'BASH_ARGV'
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current
- bash execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
+ Bash execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of
the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed,
the parameters supplied are pushed onto 'BASH_ARGV'. The shell
'GLOBIGNORE', it is removed from the list of matches. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the 'extglob' shell option.
+'GLOBSORT'
+ Control how the results of filename expansion are sorted. The
+ value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order
+ for the results of filename expansion. If this variable is unset
+ or set to the null string, filename expansion uses the historial
+ behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an
+ optional '+', which is ignored, or '-', which reverses the sort
+ order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier.
+ The valid sort specifiers are 'name', 'size', 'mtime', 'atime',
+ 'ctime', and 'blocks', which sort the files on name, file size,
+ modification time, access time, inode change time, and number of
+ blocks, respectively.
+
+ For example, a value of '-mtime' sorts the results in descending
+ order by modification time (newest first).
+
+ If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to NAME, so a value
+ of '+' is equivalent to the null string, and a value of '-' sorts
+ by name in descending order.
+
+ Any invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior.
+
'GROUPS'
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
current user is a member. Assignments to 'GROUPS' have no effect.
'||'
logical OR
-'expr ? expr : expr'
+'expr ? if-true-expr : if-false-expr'
conditional operator
'= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |='
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Bash POSIX Mode, Next: Shell Compatibility Mode, Prev: The Restricted Shell, Up: Bash Features
-6.11 Bash POSIX Mode
-====================
+6.11 Bash and POSIX
+===================
-Starting Bash with the '--posix' command-line option or executing 'set
--o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
-to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that specified
-by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
+6.11.1 What is POSIX?
+---------------------
+
+POSIX is the name for a family of standards based on Unix. A number of
+Unix services, tools, and functions are part of the standard, ranging
+from the basic system calls and C library functions to common
+applications and tools to system administration and management.
+
+ The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by
+IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). The first edition of the 1003.2
+standard was published in 1992. It was merged with the original IEEE
+1003.1 Working Group and is currently maintained by the Austin Group (a
+joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and ISO/IEC SC22/WG15).
+Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume within the set of documents
+that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, and thus the former POSIX.2 (from
+1992) is now part of the current unified POSIX standard.
+
+ The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command
+interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from the
+command line or by other programs. The standard is freely available on
+the web at
+<https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html>.
+
+ Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by
+the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command language has of
+course been standardized, including the basic flow control and program
+execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelines, argument handling,
+variable expansion, and quoting.
+
+ The special builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell
+to provide the desired functionality, are specified as being part of the
+shell; examples of these are 'eval' and 'export'. Other utilities
+appear in the sections of POSIX not devoted to the shell which are
+commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands,
+such as 'read' and 'test'. POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's
+interactive behavior, including job control and command line editing.
+Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized; emacs
+editing commands were left out due to objections.
+
+6.11.2 Bash POSIX Mode
+----------------------
+
+Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
+there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
+specification. The Bash "posix mode" changes the Bash behavior in these
+areas so that it conforms to the standard more closely.
+
+ Starting Bash with the '--posix' command-line option or executing
+'set -o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
+closely to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that
+specified by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
When invoked as 'sh', Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
startup files.
that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it
and the backslash will be removed.
+ 66. Command substitutions don't set the '?' special parameter. The
+ exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the
+ exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while
+ evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that
+ command, but that does not happen until after all of the
+ assignments and redirections.
+
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
entries if 'FCEDIT' is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
'ed'. 'fc' uses 'ed' if 'EDITOR' is unset.
- 2. As noted above, Bash requires the 'xpg_echo' option to be enabled
+ 2. A non-interactive shell does not exit if a variable assignment
+ preceding the 'command' builtin or another non-special builtin
+ fails.
+
+ 3. As noted above, Bash requires the 'xpg_echo' option to be enabled
for the 'echo' builtin to be fully conformant.
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by
If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source
directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use
the full path to the configure script. The following commands will
-build bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code
+build Bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code
in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4':
mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4
specifying a value for the 'prefix' 'make' variable when running 'make
install' (e.g., 'make install prefix=PATH'). The 'prefix' variable
provides a default for 'exec_prefix' and other variables used when
-installing bash.
+installing Bash.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
install exec_prefix=/' will install 'bash' and 'bashbug' into '/bin'
instead of the default '/usr/local/bin'.
- If you want to see the files bash will install and where it will
+ If you want to see the files Bash will install and where it will
install them without changing anything on your system, specify the
variable 'DESTDIR' as an argument to 'make'. Its value should be the
absolute directory path you'd like to use as the root of your sample
builtins (*note Aliases::).
'--enable-alt-array-implementation'
- This builds bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note
+ This builds Bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note
Arrays::) that provides faster access at the expense of using more
memory (sometimes many times more, depending on how sparse an array
is).
(*note Pipelines::).
'--enable-debugger'
- Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
+ Include support for the Bash debugger (distributed separately).
'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken'
If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than
<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz>.
Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the <a
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
-If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
-Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to
-<bug-bash@gnu.org> or <help-bash@gnu.org>.
+'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the Bash
+project page (https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/). If you have a
+fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well! Suggestions and
+'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to <bug-bash@gnu.org> or
+<help-bash@gnu.org>.
All bug reports should include:
* The version number of Bash.
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 326)
* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 343)
* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 348)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 355)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 361)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 376)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 382)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 402)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 413)
+* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 355)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 377)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 383)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 398)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 404)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 420)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 424)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 435)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 211)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 217)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 433)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 440)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 455)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 462)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 226)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 448)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 459)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 462)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 470)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 481)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 484)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 465)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 487)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 235)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 475)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 479)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 497)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 501)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 245)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 252)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 485)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 489)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 493)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 507)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 511)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 515)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 522)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 505)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 509)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 513)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 517)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 522)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 528)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 527)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 531)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 535)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 539)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 550)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 22)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 532)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 554)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 540)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 562)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 282)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 299)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 235)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 566)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 547)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 569)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 38)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 551)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 573)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 304)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 312)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 554)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 559)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 569)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 573)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 579)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 585)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 576)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 581)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 591)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 595)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 601)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 607)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 48)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 590)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 595)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 603)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 606)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 612)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 616)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 620)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 626)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 630)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 612)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 625)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 628)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 634)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 638)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 642)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 648)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 652)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 322)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 329)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 633)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 642)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 647)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 656)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 655)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 664)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 669)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 678)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 334)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 349)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 355)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 661)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 683)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 708)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 720)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 724)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 692)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 730)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 742)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 746)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 368)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
* arithmetic evaluation: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* arithmetic expansion: Arithmetic Expansion.
(line 6)
+* arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* arithmetic, shell: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* arrays: Arrays. (line 6)
* background: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
* Bash configuration: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* Bash installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
+* binary arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
+* bitwise arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* Bourne shell: Basic Shell Features.
(line 6)
* brace expansion: Brace Expansion. (line 6)
(line 6)
* completion builtins: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 6)
+* conditional arithmetic operator: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* configuration: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* control operator: Definitions. (line 21)
* coprocess: Coprocesses. (line 6)
* pattern matching: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* pipeline: Pipelines. (line 6)
* POSIX: Definitions. (line 9)
-* POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 6)
+* POSIX description: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 9)
+* POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 48)
* process group: Definitions. (line 62)
* process group ID: Definitions. (line 66)
* process substitution: Process Substitution.
* tilde expansion: Tilde Expansion. (line 6)
* token: Definitions. (line 86)
* translation, native languages: Locale Translation. (line 6)
+* unary arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* variable, shell: Shell Parameters. (line 6)
* variables, readline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 37)
Node: Process Substitution\7f98610
Node: Word Splitting\7f99727
Node: Filename Expansion\7f101772
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f104518
-Node: Quote Removal\7f109517
-Node: Redirections\7f109809
-Node: Executing Commands\7f119499
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120166
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122273
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124657
-Node: Environment\7f127689
-Node: Exit Status\7f129349
-Node: Signals\7f131130
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f134576
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137600
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139635
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f161830
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f193826
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f194168
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f204763
-Node: Special Builtins\7f220672
-Node: Shell Variables\7f221648
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f222082
-Node: Bash Variables\7f224183
-Node: Bash Features\7f256995
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f258005
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f264015
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f269143
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f269551
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f270197
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f271009
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f274635
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f279274
-Node: Aliases\7f282215
-Node: Arrays\7f285106
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f291666
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f292447
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f296704
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f299666
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f302273
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f315136
-Node: Job Control\7f323700
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f324157
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f329156
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f334948
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f336101
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f337769
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f339389
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f340577
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f342363
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f343320
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f345238
-Node: Searching\7f346279
-Node: Readline Init File\7f348462
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f349720
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f373508
-Node: Sample Init File\7f377701
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f380822
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f382023
-Node: Commands For History\7f384071
-Node: Commands For Text\7f389062
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f392708
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f395738
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f396874
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f401062
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f401747
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f407782
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f408686
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f416463
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f427212
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f432457
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f433138
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f436140
-Node: History Interaction\7f441161
-Node: Event Designators\7f444778
-Node: Word Designators\7f446129
-Node: Modifiers\7f447886
-Node: Installing Bash\7f449691
-Node: Basic Installation\7f450825
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f454544
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f455282
-Node: Installation Names\7f456971
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f459077
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f459791
-Node: Operation Controls\7f460461
-Node: Optional Features\7f461416
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f472632
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f473973
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f490819
-Node: Indexes\7f515993
-Node: Builtin Index\7f516444
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f523268
-Node: Variable Index\7f525713
-Node: Function Index\7f542625
-Node: Concept Index\7f556406
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f104702
+Node: Quote Removal\7f109701
+Node: Redirections\7f109993
+Node: Executing Commands\7f119683
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120350
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122457
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124841
+Node: Environment\7f127873
+Node: Exit Status\7f129533
+Node: Signals\7f131314
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f134760
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137784
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139819
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f162015
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f194011
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f194353
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f204948
+Node: Special Builtins\7f220857
+Node: Shell Variables\7f221833
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f222267
+Node: Bash Variables\7f224368
+Node: Bash Features\7f258281
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f259291
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f265301
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f270429
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f270837
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f271483
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f272295
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f275921
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f280560
+Node: Aliases\7f283518
+Node: Arrays\7f286409
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f292969
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f293750
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f298007
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f300969
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f303576
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f319366
+Node: Job Control\7f327930
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f328387
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f333386
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f339178
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f340331
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f341999
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f343619
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f344807
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f346593
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f347550
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f349468
+Node: Searching\7f350509
+Node: Readline Init File\7f352692
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f353950
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f377738
+Node: Sample Init File\7f381931
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f385052
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f386253
+Node: Commands For History\7f388301
+Node: Commands For Text\7f393292
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f396938
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f399968
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f401104
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f405292
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f405977
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f412012
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f412916
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f420693
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f431442
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f436687
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f437368
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f440370
+Node: History Interaction\7f445391
+Node: Event Designators\7f449008
+Node: Word Designators\7f450359
+Node: Modifiers\7f452116
+Node: Installing Bash\7f453921
+Node: Basic Installation\7f455055
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f458774
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f459512
+Node: Installation Names\7f461201
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f463307
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f464021
+Node: Operation Controls\7f464691
+Node: Optional Features\7f465646
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f476862
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f478193
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f495039
+Node: Indexes\7f520213
+Node: Builtin Index\7f520664
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f527488
+Node: Variable Index\7f529933
+Node: Function Index\7f546918
+Node: Concept Index\7f560699
\1f
End Tag Table
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 14 March 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 15 April 2023).
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 14 March 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 15 April 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.2, 14 March 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.2, 15 April 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.2, last updated 14 March 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.2, last updated 15 April 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
the patterns in 'GLOBIGNORE'. The 'dotglob' option is disabled when
'GLOBIGNORE' is unset.
+ After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the
+value of the 'GLOBSORT' variable controls how the results are sorted, as
+described below (*note Bash Variables::).
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Pattern Matching, Up: Filename Expansion
Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
redirections, as described in the following table. If the operating
-system on which Bash is running provides these special files, bash will
+system on which Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will
use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior
described below.
than or equal to 1.
'cd'
- cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY is
not supplied, the value of the 'HOME' shell variable is used. If
words to be completed. This means that dollar signs in
variable names that expand to directories will not be quoted;
however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be
- quoted, either. This is active only when bash is using
+ quoted, either. This is active only when Bash is using
backslashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in versions
through 4.2.
'BASH_ARGC'
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
- frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+ frame of the current Bash execution call stack. The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script
executed with '.' or 'source') is at the top of the stack. When a
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed
'BASH_ARGV'
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current
- bash execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
+ Bash execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of
the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed,
the parameters supplied are pushed onto 'BASH_ARGV'. The shell
'GLOBIGNORE', it is removed from the list of matches. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the 'extglob' shell option.
+'GLOBSORT'
+ Control how the results of filename expansion are sorted. The
+ value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order
+ for the results of filename expansion. If this variable is unset
+ or set to the null string, filename expansion uses the historial
+ behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an
+ optional '+', which is ignored, or '-', which reverses the sort
+ order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier.
+ The valid sort specifiers are 'name', 'size', 'mtime', 'atime',
+ 'ctime', and 'blocks', which sort the files on name, file size,
+ modification time, access time, inode change time, and number of
+ blocks, respectively.
+
+ For example, a value of '-mtime' sorts the results in descending
+ order by modification time (newest first).
+
+ If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to NAME, so a value
+ of '+' is equivalent to the null string, and a value of '-' sorts
+ by name in descending order.
+
+ Any invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior.
+
'GROUPS'
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
current user is a member. Assignments to 'GROUPS' have no effect.
'||'
logical OR
-'expr ? expr : expr'
+'expr ? if-true-expr : if-false-expr'
conditional operator
'= *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |='
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Bash POSIX Mode, Next: Shell Compatibility Mode, Prev: The Restricted Shell, Up: Bash Features
-6.11 Bash POSIX Mode
-====================
+6.11 Bash and POSIX
+===================
-Starting Bash with the '--posix' command-line option or executing 'set
--o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
-to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that specified
-by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
+6.11.1 What is POSIX?
+---------------------
+
+POSIX is the name for a family of standards based on Unix. A number of
+Unix services, tools, and functions are part of the standard, ranging
+from the basic system calls and C library functions to common
+applications and tools to system administration and management.
+
+ The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by
+IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). The first edition of the 1003.2
+standard was published in 1992. It was merged with the original IEEE
+1003.1 Working Group and is currently maintained by the Austin Group (a
+joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and ISO/IEC SC22/WG15).
+Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume within the set of documents
+that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, and thus the former POSIX.2 (from
+1992) is now part of the current unified POSIX standard.
+
+ The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command
+interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from the
+command line or by other programs. The standard is freely available on
+the web at
+<https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html>.
+
+ Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by
+the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command language has of
+course been standardized, including the basic flow control and program
+execution constructs, I/O redirection and pipelines, argument handling,
+variable expansion, and quoting.
+
+ The special builtins, which must be implemented as part of the shell
+to provide the desired functionality, are specified as being part of the
+shell; examples of these are 'eval' and 'export'. Other utilities
+appear in the sections of POSIX not devoted to the shell which are
+commonly (and in some cases must be) implemented as builtin commands,
+such as 'read' and 'test'. POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's
+interactive behavior, including job control and command line editing.
+Only vi-style line editing commands have been standardized; emacs
+editing commands were left out due to objections.
+
+6.11.2 Bash POSIX Mode
+----------------------
+
+Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
+there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
+specification. The Bash "posix mode" changes the Bash behavior in these
+areas so that it conforms to the standard more closely.
+
+ Starting Bash with the '--posix' command-line option or executing
+'set -o posix' while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
+closely to the POSIX standard by changing the behavior to match that
+specified by POSIX in areas where the Bash default differs.
When invoked as 'sh', Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
startup files.
that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it
and the backslash will be removed.
+ 66. Command substitutions don't set the '?' special parameter. The
+ exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the
+ exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while
+ evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that
+ command, but that does not happen until after all of the
+ assignments and redirections.
+
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
entries if 'FCEDIT' is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
'ed'. 'fc' uses 'ed' if 'EDITOR' is unset.
- 2. As noted above, Bash requires the 'xpg_echo' option to be enabled
+ 2. A non-interactive shell does not exit if a variable assignment
+ preceding the 'command' builtin or another non-special builtin
+ fails.
+
+ 3. As noted above, Bash requires the 'xpg_echo' option to be enabled
for the 'echo' builtin to be fully conformant.
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by
If you want to build Bash in a directory separate from the source
directory - to build for multiple architectures, for example - just use
the full path to the configure script. The following commands will
-build bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code
+build Bash in a directory under '/usr/local/build' from the source code
in '/usr/local/src/bash-4.4':
mkdir /usr/local/build/bash-4.4
specifying a value for the 'prefix' 'make' variable when running 'make
install' (e.g., 'make install prefix=PATH'). The 'prefix' variable
provides a default for 'exec_prefix' and other variables used when
-installing bash.
+installing Bash.
You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
install exec_prefix=/' will install 'bash' and 'bashbug' into '/bin'
instead of the default '/usr/local/bin'.
- If you want to see the files bash will install and where it will
+ If you want to see the files Bash will install and where it will
install them without changing anything on your system, specify the
variable 'DESTDIR' as an argument to 'make'. Its value should be the
absolute directory path you'd like to use as the root of your sample
builtins (*note Aliases::).
'--enable-alt-array-implementation'
- This builds bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note
+ This builds Bash using an alternate implementation of arrays (*note
Arrays::) that provides faster access at the expense of using more
memory (sometimes many times more, depending on how sparse an array
is).
(*note Pipelines::).
'--enable-debugger'
- Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
+ Include support for the Bash debugger (distributed separately).
'--enable-dev-fd-stat-broken'
If calling 'stat' on /dev/fd/N returns different results than
<http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/bash.git/snapshot/bash-master.tar.gz>.
Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
-'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the <a
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/">Bash project page</a>.
-If you have a fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well!
-Suggestions and 'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to
-<bug-bash@gnu.org> or <help-bash@gnu.org>.
+'bashbug' command to submit a bug report or use the form at the Bash
+project page (https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/bash/). If you have a
+fix, you are encouraged to submit that as well! Suggestions and
+'philosophical' bug reports may be mailed to <bug-bash@gnu.org> or
+<help-bash@gnu.org>.
All bug reports should include:
* The version number of Bash.
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 326)
* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 343)
* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 348)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 355)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 361)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 376)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 382)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 402)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 413)
+* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 355)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 377)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 383)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 398)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 404)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 420)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 424)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 435)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 211)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 217)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 433)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 440)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 455)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 462)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 226)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 448)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 459)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 462)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 470)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 481)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 484)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 465)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 487)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 235)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 475)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 479)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 497)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 501)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 245)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 252)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 485)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 489)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 493)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 507)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 511)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 515)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 522)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 505)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 509)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 513)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 517)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 522)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 528)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 527)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 531)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 535)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 539)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 550)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 22)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 532)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 554)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 540)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 562)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 282)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 299)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 235)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 544)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 566)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 547)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 569)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 38)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 551)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 573)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 304)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 312)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 554)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 559)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 569)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 573)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 579)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 585)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 576)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 581)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 591)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 595)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 601)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 607)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 48)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 590)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 595)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 603)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 606)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 612)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 616)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 620)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 626)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 630)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 612)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 625)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 628)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 634)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 638)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 642)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 648)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 652)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 322)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 329)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 633)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 642)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 647)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 656)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 655)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 664)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 669)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 678)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 334)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 349)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 355)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 661)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 683)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 708)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 720)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 724)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 692)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 730)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 742)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 746)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 368)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
* arithmetic evaluation: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* arithmetic expansion: Arithmetic Expansion.
(line 6)
+* arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* arithmetic, shell: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* arrays: Arrays. (line 6)
* background: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
* Bash configuration: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* Bash installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
+* binary arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
+* bitwise arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* Bourne shell: Basic Shell Features.
(line 6)
* brace expansion: Brace Expansion. (line 6)
(line 6)
* completion builtins: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 6)
+* conditional arithmetic operator: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* configuration: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* control operator: Definitions. (line 21)
* coprocess: Coprocesses. (line 6)
* pattern matching: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* pipeline: Pipelines. (line 6)
* POSIX: Definitions. (line 9)
-* POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 6)
+* POSIX description: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 9)
+* POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 48)
* process group: Definitions. (line 62)
* process group ID: Definitions. (line 66)
* process substitution: Process Substitution.
* tilde expansion: Tilde Expansion. (line 6)
* token: Definitions. (line 86)
* translation, native languages: Locale Translation. (line 6)
+* unary arithmetic operators: Shell Arithmetic. (line 17)
* variable, shell: Shell Parameters. (line 6)
* variables, readline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 37)
Node: Process Substitution\7f98724
Node: Word Splitting\7f99844
Node: Filename Expansion\7f101892
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f104641
-Node: Quote Removal\7f109643
-Node: Redirections\7f109938
-Node: Executing Commands\7f119631
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120301
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122411
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124798
-Node: Environment\7f127833
-Node: Exit Status\7f129496
-Node: Signals\7f131280
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f134729
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137756
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139794
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f161992
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f193991
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f194336
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f204934
-Node: Special Builtins\7f220846
-Node: Shell Variables\7f221825
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f222262
-Node: Bash Variables\7f224366
-Node: Bash Features\7f257181
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f258194
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f264207
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f269338
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f269749
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f270398
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f271213
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f274842
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f279484
-Node: Aliases\7f282428
-Node: Arrays\7f285322
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f291885
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f292669
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f296929
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f299894
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f302504
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f315370
-Node: Job Control\7f323937
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f324397
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f329399
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f335194
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f336350
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f338021
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f339644
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f340835
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f342624
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f343584
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f345505
-Node: Searching\7f346549
-Node: Readline Init File\7f348735
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f349996
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f373787
-Node: Sample Init File\7f377983
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f381107
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f382311
-Node: Commands For History\7f384362
-Node: Commands For Text\7f389356
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f393005
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f396038
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f397177
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f401368
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f402056
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f408094
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f409001
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f416781
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f427533
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f432781
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f433465
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f436470
-Node: History Interaction\7f441494
-Node: Event Designators\7f445114
-Node: Word Designators\7f446468
-Node: Modifiers\7f448228
-Node: Installing Bash\7f450036
-Node: Basic Installation\7f451173
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f454895
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f455636
-Node: Installation Names\7f457328
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f459437
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f460154
-Node: Operation Controls\7f460827
-Node: Optional Features\7f461785
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f473004
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f474348
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f491197
-Node: Indexes\7f516374
-Node: Builtin Index\7f516828
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f523655
-Node: Variable Index\7f526103
-Node: Function Index\7f543018
-Node: Concept Index\7f556802
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f104825
+Node: Quote Removal\7f109827
+Node: Redirections\7f110122
+Node: Executing Commands\7f119815
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f120485
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f122595
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f124982
+Node: Environment\7f128017
+Node: Exit Status\7f129680
+Node: Signals\7f131464
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f134913
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f137940
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f139978
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f162177
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f194176
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f194521
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f205119
+Node: Special Builtins\7f221031
+Node: Shell Variables\7f222010
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f222447
+Node: Bash Variables\7f224551
+Node: Bash Features\7f258467
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f259480
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f265493
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f270624
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f271035
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f271684
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f272499
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f276128
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f280770
+Node: Aliases\7f283731
+Node: Arrays\7f286625
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f293188
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f293972
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f298232
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f301197
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f303807
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f319600
+Node: Job Control\7f328167
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f328627
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f333629
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f339424
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f340580
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f342251
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f343874
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f345065
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f346854
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f347814
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f349735
+Node: Searching\7f350779
+Node: Readline Init File\7f352965
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f354226
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f378017
+Node: Sample Init File\7f382213
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f385337
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f386541
+Node: Commands For History\7f388592
+Node: Commands For Text\7f393586
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f397235
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f400268
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f401407
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f405598
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f406286
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f412324
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f413231
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f421011
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f431763
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f437011
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f437695
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f440700
+Node: History Interaction\7f445724
+Node: Event Designators\7f449344
+Node: Word Designators\7f450698
+Node: Modifiers\7f452458
+Node: Installing Bash\7f454266
+Node: Basic Installation\7f455403
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f459125
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f459866
+Node: Installation Names\7f461558
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f463667
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f464384
+Node: Operation Controls\7f465057
+Node: Optional Features\7f466015
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f477234
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f478568
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f495417
+Node: Indexes\7f520594
+Node: Builtin Index\7f521048
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f527875
+Node: Variable Index\7f530323
+Node: Function Index\7f547311
+Node: Concept Index\7f561095
\1f
End Tag Table
The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
is unset.
+After the pattern is expanded and matched against filenames, the value of the
+@env{GLOBSORT} variable controls how the results are sorted, as described
+below (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
@node Pattern Matching
@subsubsection Pattern Matching
@cindex pattern matching
The pattern matching honors the setting of the @code{extglob} shell
option.
+@item GLOBSORT
+Control how the results of filename expansion are sorted.
+The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
+the results of filename expansion.
+If this variable is unset or set to the null string, filename expansion
+uses the historial behavior of sorting by name.
+If set, a valid value begins with an optional @samp{+}, which is ignored,
+or @samp{-}, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
+followed by a sort specifier.
+The valid sort specifiers are
+@samp{name},
+@samp{size},
+@samp{mtime},
+@samp{atime},
+@samp{ctime},
+and
+@samp{blocks},
+which sort the files on name, file size, modification time, access time,
+inode change time, and number of blocks, respectively.
+
+For example, a value of @code{-mtime} sorts the results in descending
+order by modification time (newest first).
+
+If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to @var{name},
+so a value of @samp{+} is equivalent to the null string,
+and a value of @samp{-} sorts by name in descending order.
+
+Any invalid value restores the historical sorting behavior.
+
@item GROUPS
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
user is a member.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Thu Apr 6 11:58:41 EDT 2023
+@set LASTCHANGE Sat Apr 15 17:27:25 EDT 2023
@set EDITION 5.2
@set VERSION 5.2
-@set UPDATED 6 April 2023
+@set UPDATED 15 April 2023
@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2023
#define VAL_SSIZE_MAX -1004
#define VAL_SIZE_MAX -1005
+/* We don't want to collide with anything else. */
+#ifndef _CS_PATH
+#define _CS_PATH -1001
+#endif
+
struct conf
{
const char *name;
static int getconf_one (WORD_LIST *);
static int getconf_internal (const struct conf *, int);
+#ifndef HAVE_CONFSTR
+/* If we don't have confstr, this will only support `getconf PATH'. */
+
+static size_t
+confstr (int name, char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+ char *p;
+ size_t n;
+
+ switch (name)
+ {
+ case _CS_PATH:
+ p = conf_standard_path ();
+ n = STRLEN (p) + 1;
+ if (len != 0 && buf != 0)
+ strlcpy (buf, p, len);
+ free (p);
+ return n;
+ default:
+ errno = EINVAL;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_CONFSTR */
+
static int
getconf_internal (const struct conf *c, int all)
{
/* Functions from the bash library, lib/sh/libsh.a. These should really
go into a separate include file. */
+/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/anonfile.c */
+extern int anonopen (const char *, int);
+extern int anonclose (int, const char *);
+
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/casemod.c */
extern char *sh_modcase (const char *, char *, int);
#define MT_READWRITE 0x0002
#define MT_USERANDOM 0x0004
#define MT_TEMPLATE 0x0008
+#define MT_UNLINK 0x0010 /* unlink after opening */
extern char *sh_mktmpname (const char *, int);
extern int sh_mktmpfd (const char *, int, char **);
struct termios term;
int
-main()
+main(int c, char **v)
{
fd_set fds;
/* fileman.c - file manager example for readline library. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
# include <readline/history.h>
#endif
-extern char *xmalloc PARAMS((size_t));
+extern char *xmalloc (size_t);
-void initialize_readline PARAMS((void));
-void too_dangerous PARAMS((char *));
+void initialize_readline (void);
+void too_dangerous (char *);
-int execute_line PARAMS((char *));
-int valid_argument PARAMS((char *, char *));
+int execute_line (char *);
+int valid_argument (char *, char *);
/* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */
-int com_list PARAMS((char *));
-int com_view PARAMS((char *));
-int com_rename PARAMS((char *));
-int com_stat PARAMS((char *));
-int com_pwd PARAMS((char *));
-int com_delete PARAMS((char *));
-int com_help PARAMS((char *));
-int com_cd PARAMS((char *));
-int com_quit PARAMS((char *));
+int com_list (char *);
+int com_view (char *);
+int com_rename (char *);
+int com_stat (char *);
+int com_pwd (char *);
+int com_delete (char *);
+int com_help (char *);
+int com_cd (char *);
+int com_quit (char *);
/* A structure which contains information on the commands this program
can understand. */
};
/* Forward declarations. */
-char *stripwhite ();
-COMMAND *find_command ();
+char *dupstr (char *);
+int execute_line (char *);
+char *stripwhite (char *);
+
+COMMAND *find_command (char *);
/* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */
char *progname;
int done;
char *
-dupstr (s)
- char *s;
+dupstr (char *s)
{
char *r;
return (r);
}
-int
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
-{
- char *line, *s;
-
- progname = argv[0];
-
- initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */
-
- /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */
- for ( ; done == 0; )
- {
- line = readline ("FileMan: ");
-
- if (!line)
- break;
-
- /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line.
- Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list
- and execute it. */
- s = stripwhite (line);
-
- if (*s)
- {
- add_history (s);
- execute_line (s);
- }
-
- free (line);
- }
- exit (0);
-}
-
/* Execute a command line. */
int
-execute_line (line)
- char *line;
+execute_line (char *line)
{
register int i;
COMMAND *command;
/* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that
command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */
COMMAND *
-find_command (name)
- char *name;
+find_command (char *name)
{
register int i;
/* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer
into STRING. */
char *
-stripwhite (string)
- char *string;
+stripwhite (char *string)
{
register char *s, *t;
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
-char *command_generator PARAMS((const char *, int));
-char **fileman_completion PARAMS((const char *, int, int));
+char *command_generator (const char *, int);
+char **fileman_completion (const char *, int, int);
/* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete
on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames
if not. */
void
-initialize_readline ()
+initialize_readline (void)
{
/* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */
rl_readline_name = "FileMan";
in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches,
or NULL if there aren't any. */
char **
-fileman_completion (text, start, end)
- const char *text;
- int start, end;
+fileman_completion (const char *text, int start, int end)
{
char **matches;
to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we
start at the top of the list. */
char *
-command_generator (text, state)
- const char *text;
- int state;
+command_generator (const char *text, int state)
{
static int list_index, len;
char *name;
return (1);
}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ char *line, *s;
+
+ progname = argv[0];
+
+ initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */
+
+ /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */
+ for ( ; done == 0; )
+ {
+ line = readline ("FileMan: ");
+
+ if (!line)
+ break;
+
+ /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line.
+ Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list
+ and execute it. */
+ s = stripwhite (line);
+
+ if (*s)
+ {
+ add_history (s);
+ execute_line (s);
+ }
+
+ free (line);
+ }
+ exit (0);
+}
/* manexamp.c -- The examples which appear in the documentation are here. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
+#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
-#include <readline/readline.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <locale.h>
+
+#ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (READLINE_LIBRARY)
+# include "readline.h"
+# include "history.h"
+#else
+# include <readline/readline.h>
+# include <readline/history.h>
+#endif
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Read a string, and return a pointer to it. Returns NULL on EOF. */
char *
-rl_gets ()
+rl_gets (void)
{
/* If the buffer has already been allocated, return the memory
to the free pool. */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */
-invert_case_line (count, key)
- int count, key;
+int
+invert_case_line (int count, int key)
{
- register int start, end;
+ int start, end;
+ int direction;
start = rl_point;
}
if (start == end)
- return;
+ return 0;
/* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so save the undo
information. */
/* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */
rl_point = end - direction;
+ return 0;
}
}
static char *
-cb_readline ()
+cb_readline (void)
{
fd_set fds;
int r, err;
}
void
-sigint_sighandler (s)
- int s;
+sigint_sighandler (int s)
{
saw_signal = s;
}
int
-sigint_handler (s)
- int s;
+sigint_handler (int s)
{
rl_free_line_state ();
rl_callback_sigcleanup ();
static char *deftext;
static int
-set_deftext ()
+set_deftext (void)
{
if (deftext)
{
}
static void
-usage()
+usage(void)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: usage: %s [-p prompt] [-u unit] [-d default] [-n nchars]\n",
progname, progname);
}
int
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
+main (int argc, char **argv)
{
char *temp, *prompt;
struct stat sb;
* usage: rlcat
*/
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
extern int optind;
extern char *optarg;
-static int stdcat();
+static int fcopy(FILE *);
+static int stdcat(int, char **);
static char *progname;
static int vflag;
static void
-usage()
+usage(void)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: usage: %s [-vEVN] [filename]\n", progname, progname);
}
int
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
+main (int argc, char **argv)
{
char *temp;
int opt, Vflag, Nflag;
#ifdef HAVE_SETLOCALE
- setlocale (LC_ALL, ""):
+ setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
#endif
progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/');
}
static int
-fcopy(fp)
- FILE *fp;
+fcopy(FILE *fp)
{
int c;
char *x;
}
int
-stdcat (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
+stdcat (int argc, char **argv)
{
int i, fd, r;
char *s;
static int slavefd;
void
-sigint (s)
- int s;
+sigint (int s)
{
tty_reset (STDIN_FILENO);
close (masterfd);
}
void
-sigwinch (s)
- int s;
+sigwinch (int s)
{
rl_resize_terminal ();
}
static int
-user_input()
+user_input(void)
{
int size;
const int MAX = 1024;
}
static int
-readline_input()
+readline_input(void)
{
const int MAX = 1024;
char *buf = (char *)malloc(MAX+1);
}
static void
-custom_deprep_term_function ()
+custom_deprep_term_function (void)
{
}
*
* Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error
*/
-int tty_cbreak(int fd){
+int tty_cbreak(int fd)
+{
struct termios buf;
- int ttysavefd = -1;
+ int ttysavefd = -1;
if(tcgetattr(fd, &save_termios) < 0)
return -1;
}
int
-main()
+main(int c, char **v)
{
int val;
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009,2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
# include <readline/history.h>
#endif
-extern HIST_ENTRY **history_list ();
-
int
-main ()
+main (int c, char **v)
{
char *temp, *prompt;
int done;
wcsdup.c fpurge.c zgetline.c mbscmp.c mbsncmp.c uconvert.c \
ufuncs.c casemod.c dprintf.c input_avail.c mbscasecmp.c fnxform.c \
strchrnul.c unicode.c wcswidth.c wcsnwidth.c shmbchar.c strdup.c \
- strvis.c utf8.c random.c gettimeofday.c timers.c
+ strvis.c strlcpy.c strscpy.c utf8.c random.c gettimeofday.c \
+ timers.c anonfile.c
# The header files for this library.
HSOURCES =
fmtullong.o fmtumax.o zcatfd.o zmapfd.o winsize.o wcsdup.o \
fpurge.o zgetline.o mbscmp.o mbsncmp.o uconvert.o ufuncs.o casemod.o \
input_avail.o mbscasecmp.o fnxform.o unicode.o shmbchar.o strvis.o \
+ strscpy.o anonfile.o \
utf8.o random.o gettimeofday.o timers.o wcsnwidth.o ${LIBOBJS}
SUPPORT = Makefile
-( cd ${BUILD_DIR} && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} pathnames.h )
# rules for losing makes, like SunOS
+anonfile.o: anonfile.c
casemod.o: casemod.c
clktck.o: clktck.c
clock.o: clock.c
strtoumax.o: strtoumax.c
strtrans.o: strtrans.c
strvis.o: strvis.c
+strlcpy.o: strlcpy.c
+strscpy.o: strscpy.c
timers.o: timers.c
times.o: times.c
timeval.o: timeval.c
strtoull.o: strtol.c
# all files in the library depend on config.h
+anonfile.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
casemod.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
clktck.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
clock.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
strtoumax.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
strtrans.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
strvis.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
+strlcpy.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
+strscpy.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
timers.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
times.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
timeval.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
strvis.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbchar.h
strvis.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+strlcpy.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
+strlcpy.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+strlcpy.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
+
+strscpy.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
+strscpy.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+strscpy.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
+
times.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/systimes.h
times.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
tmpfile.o: ${topdir}/make_cmd.h ${topdir}/subst.h ${topdir}/sig.h
tmpfile.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/pathnames.h ${topdir}/externs.h
-uconvert.o: ${topdir}/bashtypes.h
uconvert.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
uconvert.o: ${topdir}/shell.h ${topdir}/syntax.h ${topdir}/bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h
uconvert.o: ${topdir}/command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h ${topdir}/error.h
zmapfd.o: ${topdir}/command.h
zmapfd.o: ${topdir}/general.h
zmapfd.o: ${topdir}/bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h ${topdir}/xmalloc.h
+
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/bashtypes.h
+anonfile.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/shell.h ${topdir}/syntax.h ${topdir}/bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h ${topdir}/error.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/general.h ${topdir}/bashtypes.h ${topdir}/variables.h ${topdir}/conftypes.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/array.h ${topdir}/hashlib.h ${topdir}/quit.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/unwind_prot.h ${topdir}/dispose_cmd.h
+anonfile.o: ${topdir}/make_cmd.h ${topdir}/subst.h ${topdir}/sig.h
+anonfile.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/pathnames.h ${topdir}/externs.h
--- /dev/null
+/* anonfile.c - open and close temporary files (anonymous and memory-backed if possible). */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <bashtypes.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_MEMFD_CREATE) || defined (HAVE_SHM_OPEN) || defined (HAVE_SHM_MKSTEMP)
+# include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+#include <filecntl.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <shell.h>
+#include <bashansi.h>
+
+/* Placeholder for future use of memfd_create/shm_open/shm_mkstemp */
+
+static int
+anonunlink (const char *fn)
+{
+ int r;
+
+ r = unlink (fn);
+ return r;
+}
+
+int
+anonopen (const char *name, int flags)
+{
+ int fd, flag;
+
+ /* Heuristic */
+ flag = (name && *name == '/') ? MT_TEMPLATE : MT_USETMPDIR;
+ fd = sh_mktmpfd (name, flag|MT_USERANDOM|MT_READWRITE|MT_UNLINK, (char **)NULL);
+ return fd;
+}
+
+int
+anonclose (int fd, const char *name)
+{
+ int r;
+
+ r = close (fd);
+ return r;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/* strlcpy - null-terminated string copy with length checking. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <bashansi.h>
+
+size_t
+strlcpy(const char *dest, const const char *src, size_t size)
+{
+ size_t ret;
+
+ ret = strlen(src);
+ if (size)
+ {
+ size_t len;
+ len = (ret >= size) ? size - 1 : ret;
+ memcpy (dest, src, len);
+ dest[len] = '\0';
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/* strscpy - null-terminated string copy with length checking. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <bashansi.h>
+
+ssize_t
+strscpy (char *d, const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+ size_t i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ if ((d[i] = s[i]) == 0)
+ return ((ssize_t)i);
+
+ if (i != 0)
+ d[--i] = '\0';
+
+ return (-1); /* strlen (s) > len */
+}
extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid;
+static int tmpunlink (const char *);
+
static char *get_sys_tmpdir (void);
static char *get_tmpdir (int);
#endif
}
+static int
+tmpunlink (const char *fn)
+{
+ int r;
+
+ r = unlink (fn);
+ return r;
+}
+
char *
sh_mktmpname (const char *nameroot, int flags)
{
(unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^
x;
sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum);
- if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32)
+ if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32) /* XXX */
filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0';
# ifdef HAVE_LSTAT
r = lstat (filename, &sb);
else
sprintf (filename, "%s/%s.XXXXXX", tdir, lroot);
fd = mkstemp (filename);
+ if ((flags & MT_UNLINK) && tmpunlink (filename) < 0)
+ {
+ int e = errno;
+ close (fd);
+ fd = -1;
+ errno = e;
+ }
if (fd < 0 || namep == 0)
{
free (filename);
}
if (namep)
*namep = filename;
+
return fd;
#else /* !USE_MKSTEMP */
#ifndef USE_URANDOM32
(unsigned long) dollar_dollar_pid ^
x;
sprintf (filename, "%s/%s-%lu", tdir, lroot, filenum);
- if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32)
+ if (tmpnamelen > 0 && tmpnamelen < 32) /* XXX */
filename[tdlen + 1 + tmpnamelen] = '\0';
fd = open (filename, BASEOPENFLAGS | ((flags & MT_READWRITE) ? O_RDWR : O_WRONLY), 0600);
}
while (fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST);
+ if ((flags & MT_UNLINK) && (tmpunlink (filename) < 0)
+ {
+ int e = errno;
+ close (fd);
+ fd = -1;
+ errno = e;
+ }
+ if (fd < 0 || namep == 0)
+ {
+ free (filename);
+ filename = NULL;
+ }
+
if (namep)
*namep = filename;
- else
- free (filename);
return fd;
#endif /* !USE_MKSTEMP */
/* Special; never created by yylex; only set by parse_comsub and xparse_dolparen */
%token DOLPAREN
+/* Special; never created by yylex; only set by parse_matched_pair/parse_comsub/xparse_dolparen */
+%token DOLBRACE
/* The types that the various syntactical units return. */
{
$$ = (COMMAND *)NULL;
}
+ | DOLBRACE compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | DOLBRACE newline_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ }
;
coproc: COPROC shell_command
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "stat-time.h"
+
#include "bashansi.h"
#include "shell.h"
#include "shmbutil.h"
#include "bashintl.h"
+
#include <glob/strmatch.h>
static int glob_name_is_acceptable (const char *);
static void ignore_globbed_names (char **, sh_ignore_func_t *);
static char *split_ignorespec (char *, int *);
+static void sh_sortglob (char **);
#include <glob/glob.h>
return temp;
}
-/* Call the glob library to do globbing on PATHNAME. */
+/* Call the glob library to do globbing on PATHNAME, honoring all the shell
+ variables that control globbing. */
char **
shell_glob_filename (const char *pathname, int qflags)
{
if (should_ignore_glob_matches ())
ignore_glob_matches (results);
if (results && results[0])
- strvec_sort (results, 1); /* posix sort */
+ sh_sortglob (results);
else
{
FREE (results);
return (results);
}
+#if defined (READLINE) && defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
+char **
+noquote_glob_filename (char *pathname)
+{
+ char **results;
+ int gflags;
+
+ noglob_dot_filenames = glob_dot_filenames == 0;
+ gflags = glob_star ? GX_GLOBSTAR : 0;
+
+ results = glob_filename (pathname, gflags);
+
+ if (results && GLOB_FAILED (results))
+ results = (char **)NULL;
+
+ if (results && results[0])
+ sh_sortglob (results);
+
+ return (results);
+}
+#endif
+
/* Stuff for GLOBIGNORE. */
static struct ignorevar globignore =
ivp->ignores[numitems].val = (char *)NULL;
ivp->num_ignores = numitems;
}
+
+/* Functions to handle sorting glob results in different ways depending on
+ the value of the GLOBSORT variable. */
+
+static int glob_sorttype = STAT_NONE;
+
+static STRING_INT_ALIST sorttypes[] = {
+ { "name", STAT_NAME },
+ { "size", STAT_SIZE },
+ { "mtime", STAT_MTIME },
+ { "atime", STAT_ATIME },
+ { "ctime", STAT_CTIME },
+ { "blocks", STAT_BLOCKS },
+ { (char *)NULL, -1 }
+};
+
+/* A subset of the fields in the posix stat struct -- the ones we need --
+ normalized to using struct timespec. */
+struct globstat {
+ off_t size;
+ struct timespec mtime;
+ struct timespec atime;
+ struct timespec ctime;
+ int blocks;
+};
+
+struct globsort_t {
+ char *name;
+ struct globstat st;
+};
+
+static struct globstat glob_nullstat = { -1, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, { -1, -1 }, -1 };
+
+static inline int
+glob_findtype (char *t)
+{
+ int type;
+
+ type = find_string_in_alist (t, sorttypes, 0);
+ return (type == -1 ? STAT_NONE : type);
+}
+
+void
+setup_globsort (const char *varname)
+{
+ char *val;
+ int r, t;
+
+ glob_sorttype = STAT_NONE;
+ val = get_string_value (varname);
+ if (val == 0 || *val == 0)
+ return;
+
+ t = r = 0;
+ while (*val && whitespace (*val))
+ val++; /* why not? */
+ if (*val == '+')
+ val++; /* allow leading `+' but ignore it */
+ else if (*val == '-')
+ {
+ r = STAT_REVERSE; /* leading `-' reverses sort order */
+ val++;
+ }
+
+ if (*val == 0)
+ {
+ /* A bare `+' means the default sort by name in ascending order; a bare
+ `-' means to sort by name in descending order. */
+ glob_sorttype = STAT_NAME | r;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ t = glob_findtype (val);
+ /* any other value is equivalent to the historical behavior */
+ glob_sorttype = (t == STAT_NONE) ? t : t | r;
+}
+
+static int
+globsort_namecmp (char **s1, char **s2)
+{
+ return ((glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? strvec_posixcmp (s1, s2) : strvec_posixcmp (s2, s1));
+}
+
+static int
+globsort_sizecmp (struct globsort_t *g1, struct globsort_t *g2)
+{
+ return ((glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? g1->st.size - g2->st.size : g2->st.size - g1->st.size);
+}
+
+static int
+globsort_timecmp (struct globsort_t *g1, struct globsort_t *g2)
+{
+ int t;
+ struct timespec t1, t2;
+
+ t = (glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? glob_sorttype : glob_sorttype - STAT_REVERSE;
+ if (t == STAT_MTIME)
+ {
+ t1 = g1->st.mtime;
+ t2 = g2->st.mtime;
+ }
+ else if (t == STAT_ATIME)
+ {
+ t1 = g1->st.atime;
+ t2 = g2->st.atime;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ t1 = g1->st.ctime;
+ t2 = g2->st.ctime;
+ }
+
+ return ((glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? timespec_cmp (t1, t2) : timespec_cmp (t2, t1));
+}
+
+static int
+globsort_blockscmp (struct globsort_t *g1, struct globsort_t *g2)
+{
+ return ((glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? g1->st.blocks - g2->st.blocks : g2->st.blocks - g1->st.blocks);
+}
+
+static struct globsort_t *
+globsort_buildarray (char **array, size_t len)
+{
+ struct globsort_t *ret;
+ int i;
+ struct stat st;
+
+ ret = (struct globsort_t *)xmalloc (len * sizeof (struct globsort_t));
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ ret[i].name = array[i];
+ if (stat (array[i], &st) != 0)
+ ret[i].st = glob_nullstat;
+ else
+ {
+ ret[i].st.size = st.st_size;
+ ret[i].st.mtime = get_stat_mtime (&st);
+ ret[i].st.atime = get_stat_atime (&st);
+ ret[i].st.ctime = get_stat_ctime (&st);
+ ret[i].st.blocks = st.st_blocks;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void
+globsort_sortbyname (char **results)
+{
+ qsort (results, strvec_len (results), sizeof (char *), (QSFUNC *)globsort_namecmp);
+}
+
+static void
+globsort_sortarray (struct globsort_t *garray, size_t len)
+{
+ int t;
+ QSFUNC *sortfunc;
+
+ t = (glob_sorttype < STAT_REVERSE) ? glob_sorttype : glob_sorttype - STAT_REVERSE;
+
+ switch (t)
+ {
+ case STAT_SIZE:
+ sortfunc = (QSFUNC *)globsort_sizecmp;
+ break;
+ case STAT_ATIME:
+ case STAT_MTIME:
+ case STAT_CTIME:
+ sortfunc = (QSFUNC *)globsort_timecmp;
+ break;
+ case STAT_BLOCKS:
+ sortfunc = (QSFUNC *)globsort_blockscmp;
+ break;
+ default:
+ internal_error (_("invalid glob sort type"));
+ break;
+ }
+
+ qsort (garray, len, sizeof (struct globsort_t), sortfunc);
+}
+
+static void
+sh_sortglob (char **results)
+{
+ size_t rlen;
+ struct globsort_t *garray;
+
+ if (glob_sorttype == STAT_NONE || glob_sorttype == STAT_NAME)
+ globsort_sortbyname (results); /* posix sort */
+ else if (glob_sorttype == (STAT_NAME|STAT_REVERSE))
+ globsort_sortbyname (results); /* posix sort reverse order */
+ else
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ rlen = strvec_len (results);
+ /* populate an array of name/statinfo, sort it appropriately, copy the
+ names from the sorted array back to RESULTS, and free the array */
+ garray = globsort_buildarray (results, rlen);
+ globsort_sortarray (garray, rlen);
+ for (i = 0; i < rlen; i++)
+ results[i] = garray[i].name;
+ free (garray);
+ }
+}
whether or not we've already performed quote removal. */
extern char **shell_glob_filename (const char *, int);
+extern char **noquote_glob_filename (char *);
+
/* Filename completion ignore. Used to implement the "fignore" facility of
tcsh, GLOBIGNORE (like ksh-93 FIGNORE), and EXECIGNORE.
extern int should_ignore_glob_matches (void);
extern void ignore_glob_matches (char **);
+/* Definitions for glob sorting */
+#define STAT_NONE 0
+#define STAT_NAME 1
+#define STAT_SIZE 2
+#define STAT_MTIME 3
+#define STAT_ATIME 4
+#define STAT_CTIME 5
+#define STAT_BLOCKS 6
+
+#define STAT_REVERSE 128
+
+extern void setup_globsort (const char *);
+
#endif
gen_globpat_matches (COMPSPEC *cs, const char *text)
{
STRINGLIST *sl;
- int gflags;
- noglob_dot_filenames = glob_dot_filenames == 0;
- gflags = glob_star ? GX_GLOBSTAR : 0;
sl = strlist_create (0);
- sl->list = glob_filename (cs->globpat, gflags);
- if (GLOB_FAILED (sl->list))
- sl->list = (char **)NULL;
+ sl->list = noquote_glob_filename (cs->globpat);
if (sl->list)
sl->list_len = sl->list_size = strvec_len (sl->list);
return sl;
option is supposed to turn it off */
if (flags & COPT_NOQUOTE)
rl_filename_quoting_desired = 1 - nval;
+ /* Ditto */
if (flags & COPT_NOSORT)
rl_sort_completion_matches = 1 - nval;
}
# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
#
# Tomislav Krznar <tomislav.krznar@gmail.com>, 2012, 2013.
-# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022.
+# Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: bash 5.2-rc1\n"
+"Project-Id-Version: bash-5.2-rc1\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-11 14:50-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-06-17 11:19-0700\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-04-12 12:19-0700\n"
"Last-Translator: Božidar Putanec <bozidarp@yahoo.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Croatian <lokalizacija@linux.hr>\n"
"Language: hr\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Bugs: Report translation errors to the Language-Team address.\n"
-"X-Generator: Lokalize 22.07.70\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 3.2.2\n"
#: arrayfunc.c:66
msgid "bad array subscript"
" Varijable, za upotrebu u izrazima, ne moraju imati atribut cijelog broja.\n"
"\n"
" Operatori se vrednuju prema pravilima prednosti. Najprije se\n"
-" vrednuju pod-izrazi u zagradama i tako mogu prevagnuti nad gore\n"
-" opisanim pravilima prednosti.\n"
+" vrednuju pod-izrazi u zagradama i tako mogu redefinirati gore\n"
+" opisana pravilila prednosti.\n"
"\n"
" Ako je vrednovanje zadnjeg ARGUMENTA nula (0), „let“ završi s kȏdom 1;\n"
" inače završi s uspjehom."
{ "FUNCNEST", sv_funcnest },
{ "GLOBIGNORE", sv_globignore },
+ { "GLOBSORT", sv_globsort },
#if defined (HISTORY)
{ "HISTCONTROL", sv_history_control },
setup_glob_ignore (name);
}
+/* What to do when GLOBSORT changes. */
+void
+sv_globsort (const char *name)
+{
+ setup_globsort (name);
+}
+
#if defined (READLINE)
void
sv_comp_wordbreaks (const char *name)
extern void sv_locale (const char *);
extern void sv_xtracefd (const char *);
extern void sv_shcompat (const char *);
+extern void sv_globsort (const char *);
#if defined (READLINE)
extern void sv_comp_wordbreaks (const char *);
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
