5/26
----
-parse.y
- - recognize new ;& and ;;& case action list terminator tokens and
+parse.y - recognize new ;& and ;;& case action list terminator tokens and
implement them in the grammar, setting CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH and
CASEPAT_TESTNEXT flags as appropriate
doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- document new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators
+
+ 5/28
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - change waitchld so it treats SIGCHLD like SIGINT if `wait' is being
+ executed, and allows wait to jump out before running any trap set
+ on SIGCHLD. Fixes debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
+ <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
+ - run_sigchld_trap is no longer static, so the trap code in trap.c
+ can call it
+ - change run_sigchld_trap to call set_impossible_sigchld_trap instead
+ of just using a call to restore_default_signal
+
+jobs.h
+ - new extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap
+
+trap.c
+ - fix run_pending_traps to run a SIGCHLD trap if the trap handler isn't
+ set to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER
+ - in trap_handler, don't reset the SIGCHLD trap handler to trap_handler
+ if MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS is defined
+ - new function, set_impossible_sigchld_handler, sets the trap string
+ associated with SIGCHLD to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER; used as a sentinel
+ by run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_handler
+ - change maybe_set_sigchld_handler to set the SIGCHLD trap string only
+ if the current value is IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. This ensures that
+ any traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler will persist. Fixes
+ debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
+ <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
+
+trap.h
+ - new extern declaration for set_impossible_sigchld_trap
+
+ 5/31
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - new function: parse_comsub(), parses $(...) by parsing command
+ between parens and making sure the next token is `)'. From
+ the bash-4.0-devel branch
+ - new function: xparse_dolparen, helper function for parsing
+ command substitutions in $(...). Called from subst.c to extract
+ a command substitution during word expansion. From bash-4.0-devel
+ branch
+ - new function: rewind_input_stream(). Rewinds bash_input.location.string
+ back to where it was before the shell parsed a $() command
+ substitution. From bash-4.0-devel branch
+ - changes to parse_matched_pair to combine most of the flag variables
+ (was_dollar, in_comment, and so on) into a local flags word
+
+ 6/2
+ ---
+parse.y
+ - call trim_pathname, which retains only the last $PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+ directories and replaces the intervening characters with `...',
+ when expanding \w and \W
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document the effect of setting PROMPT_DIRTRIM
- document new effects of `bind -x' setting and reading the values of
READLINE_LINE and READLINE_POINT
- document new |& synonym for `2>&1 |' pipeline operator
+
+ 5/26
+ ----
+parse.y - recognize new ;& and ;;& case action list terminator tokens and
+ implement them in the grammar, setting CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH and
+ CASEPAT_TESTNEXT flags as appropriate
+
+print_cmd.c
+ - print new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators as
+ appropriate
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - implement new case clause action list terminators:
+ ;& - fall through to actions associated with next pattern list
+ ;;& - fall through to tests in next pattern list
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators
+
+ 5/28
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - change waitchld so it treats SIGCHLD like SIGINT if `wait' is being
+ executed, and allows wait to jump out before running any trap set
+ on SIGCHLD. Fixes debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
+ <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
+ - run_sigchld_trap is no longer static, so the trap code in trap.c
+ can call it
+ - change run_sigchld_trap to call set_impossible_sigchld_trap instead
+ of just using a call to restore_default_signal
+
+jobs.h
+ - new extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap
+
+trap.c
+ - fix run_pending_traps to run a SIGCHLD trap if the trap handler isn't
+ set to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER
+ - in trap_handler, don't reset the SIGCHLD trap handler to trap_handler
+ if MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS is defined
+ - new function, set_impossible_sigchld_handler, sets the trap string
+ associated with SIGCHLD to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER; used as a sentinel
+ by run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_handler
+ - change maybe_set_sigchld_handler to set the SIGCHLD trap string only
+ if the current value is IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. This ensures that
+ any traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler will persist. Fixes
+ debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
+ <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
+
+trap.h
+ - new extern declaration for set_impossible_sigchld_trap
+
+ 5/31
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - new function: parse_comsub(), parses $(...) by parsing command
+ between parens and making sure the next token is `)'. From
+ the bash-4.0-devel branch
+ - new function: xparse_dolparen, helper function for parsing
+ command substitutions in $(...). Called from subst.c to extract
+ a command substitution during word expansion. From bash-4.0-devel
+ branch
+ - new function: rewind_input_stream(). Rewinds bash_input.location.string
+ back to where it was before the shell parsed a $() command
+ substitution. From bash-4.0-devel branch
+ - changes to parse_matched_pair to combine most of the flag variables
+ (was_dollar, in_comment, and so on) into a local flags word
all: ps info dvi text html
nodvi: ps info text html
+everything: all pdf
PSFILES = bash.ps bashbug.ps article.ps builtins.ps rbash.ps
DVIFILES = bashref.dvi bashref.ps
c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bto\bor\br
A _\bt_\bo_\bk_\be_\bn that performs a control function. It is one of the fol-
lowing symbols:
- |\b||\b| &\b& &\b&&\b& ;\b; ;\b;;\b; (\b( )\b) |\b| <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>
+ |\b||\b| &\b& &\b&&\b& ;\b; ;\b;;\b; (\b( )\b) |\b| |\b|&\b& <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>
R\bRE\bES\bSE\bER\bRV\bVE\bED\bD W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
_\bR_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The
the command is terminated by signal _\bn.
P\bPi\bip\bpe\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
- A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by the char-
- acter |\b|. The format for a pipeline is:
+ A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
+ the control operators |\b| or |\b|&\b&. The format for a pipeline is:
- [t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ |\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
+ [t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ [|\b|||\b|&\b&] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to the standard
input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
- tions specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+ tions specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is used,
+ the standard error of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input
+ through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirect-
+ ion of the standard error is performed after any redirections specified
+ by the command.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
- executed. After the first match, no subsequent matches are
- attempted. The exit status is zero if no pattern matches. Oth-
- erwise, it is the exit status of the last command executed in
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
+ executed. If the ;\b;;\b; operator is used, no subsequent matches are
+ attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
+ ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
+ the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
+ shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
+ and execute any associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt on a successful match. The exit
+ status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit
+ status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b; [ e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] ... [ e\bel\bls\bse\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] f\bfi\bi
The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are either
- integers or single characters. When integers are supplied, the expres-
- sion expands to each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. When charac-
- ters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico-
- graphically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be
- of the same type.
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}_\b, _\bw_\bh_\be_\br_\be _\bx _\ba_\bn_\bd _\by _\ba_\br_\be
+ _\be_\bi_\bt_\bh_\be_\br _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br_\bs _\bo_\br _\bs_\bi_\bn_\bg_\bl_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs_\b, _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\b, _\ba_\bn _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\b,
+ _\bi_\bs _\ba_\bn _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br_\b. _\bW_\bh_\be_\bn _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br_\bs _\ba_\br_\be _\bs_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\be_\bd_\b, _\bt_\bh_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bs _\bt_\bo
+ _\be_\ba_\bc_\bh _\bn_\bu_\bm_\bb_\be_\br _\bb_\be_\bt_\bw_\be_\be_\bn _\bx _\ba_\bn_\bd _\by_\b, _\bi_\bn_\bc_\bl_\bu_\bs_\bi_\bv_\be_\b. _\bS_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\be_\bd _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br_\bs _\bm_\ba_\by _\bb_\be _\bp_\br_\be_\b-
+ _\bf_\bi_\bx_\be_\bd _\bw_\bi_\bt_\bh _\b0 _\bt_\bo _\bf_\bo_\br_\bc_\be _\be_\ba_\bc_\bh _\bt_\be_\br_\bm _\bt_\bo _\bh_\ba_\bv_\be _\bt_\bh_\be _\bs_\ba_\bm_\be _\bw_\bi_\bd_\bt_\bh_\b. _\bW_\bh_\be_\bn _\be_\bi_\bt_\bh_\be_\br _\bx
+ _\bo_\br _\by _\bb_\be_\bg_\bi_\bn_\bs _\bw_\bi_\bt_\bh _\ba _\bz_\be_\br_\bo_\b, _\bt_\bh_\be _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\bm_\bp_\bt_\bs _\bt_\bo _\bf_\bo_\br_\bc_\be _\ba_\bl_\bl _\bg_\be_\bn_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\be_\bd
+ _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bs _\bt_\bo _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bi_\bn _\bt_\bh_\be _\bs_\ba_\bm_\be _\bn_\bu_\bm_\bb_\be_\br _\bo_\bf _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt_\bs_\b, _\bz_\be_\br_\bo_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bd_\bd_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bw_\bh_\be_\br_\be _\bn_\be_\bc_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\ba_\br_\by_\b. _\bW_\bh_\be_\bn _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs _\ba_\br_\be _\bs_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\be_\bd_\b, _\bt_\bh_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bs _\bt_\bo _\be_\ba_\bc_\bh
+ _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bl_\be_\bx_\bi_\bc_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bp_\bh_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\by _\bb_\be_\bt_\bw_\be_\be_\bn _\bx _\ba_\bn_\bd _\by_\b, _\bi_\bn_\bc_\bl_\bu_\bs_\bi_\bv_\be_\b. _\bN_\bo_\bt_\be _\bt_\bh_\ba_\bt _\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh
+ _\bx _\ba_\bn_\bd _\by _\bm_\bu_\bs_\bt _\bb_\be _\bo_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be _\bs_\ba_\bm_\be _\bt_\by_\bp_\be_\b. _\bW_\bh_\be_\bn _\bt_\bh_\be _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bi_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\be_\bd_\b, _\bi_\bt
+ _\bi_\bs _\bu_\bs_\be_\bd _\ba_\bs _\bt_\bh_\be _\bd_\bi_\bf_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bb_\be_\bt_\bw_\be_\be_\bn _\be_\ba_\bc_\bh _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\b. _\bT_\bh_\be _\bd_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bi_\bs
+ _\b1 _\bo_\br _\b-_\b1 _\ba_\bs _\ba_\bp_\bp_\br_\bo_\bp_\br_\bi_\ba_\bt_\be_\b.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string.
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
+ s\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a filename expan-
+ sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
+ match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+ If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
+ and subdirectories.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any char-
- acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
- the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
- matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
- then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
- of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
- locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
- A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
+ acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
+ the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
+ matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
+ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
+ of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
+ A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
ter in the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
- The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
+ The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
acter _.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
- tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
+ tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
_\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collating sym-
bol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
- also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
+ also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may follow a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections
are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan-
- sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
+ sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was
redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table:
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
- results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
- descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
+ results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
+ descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the stan-
- dard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file
- whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd with this construct.
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
error:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
+
+ A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
+
+ The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+
+ &\b&>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+
+ This is semantically equivalent to
+
+ >\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
+
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
- current source until a line containing only _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ current source until a line containing only _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (with no trailing
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
as the standard input for a command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
+ No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any characters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are
- quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
- lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
- lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
- character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
+ quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
+ lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
+ lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
+ character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
- allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
+ allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
- descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
- ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
+ descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
+ ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
The operator
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
- before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
- expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
- an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
- not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
+ before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
+ expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
+ an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+ not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
- alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
- Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
- function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
+ alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+ Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+ function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not
- available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
- put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
+ available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
+ put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
pound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
- interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
+ interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
- tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell
- execution environment are identical between a function and its caller
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell
+ execution environment are identical between a function and its caller
with the exception that the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description
- of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inher-
- ited unless the function has been given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the
- description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
- option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (in which case all func-
+ of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inher-
+ ited unless the function has been given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the
+ description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (in which case all func-
tions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps).
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
function and its caller.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
- tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
- the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
- deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden-
- tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
+ tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
- Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
+ Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
recursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
- E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
- for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
- The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
- same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
- into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
+ for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+ The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
+ same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
+ into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
order of decreasing precedence.
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading
- 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
- [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing
+ 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
+ [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing
the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omit-
- ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented
- by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that
- order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+ ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented
+ by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that
+ order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and
35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
+ unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
True if the strings are not equal.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 <\b< _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts before _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
+ True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts before _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
current locale.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 >\b> _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
+ True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically in the
current locale.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
or negative integers.
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
- ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
- ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
- affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+ affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
- taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
- remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
- search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error message and returns
- an exit status of 127.
-
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
+ remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
+ named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
+ with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
+ arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
+ the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+ message and returns an exit status of 127.
+
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
- file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
- This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
- shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
- the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of $\b$P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
- of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
+ of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
- default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
- Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
+ default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
+ Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
calling shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
- replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
+ replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
- full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
ronment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
- are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
+ are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
- returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
+ returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
- unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
+ unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
- all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
- inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
- effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
+ effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
using d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
+ _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
execution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
+ erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from
(write to) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal by the ter-
minal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
- when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
- returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
+ returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
ter %\b% introduces a job name. Job number _\bn may be referred to as %\b%n\bn. A
- job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start
- it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For exam-
+ job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start
+ it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For exam-
ple, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix matches more than one
- job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
+ job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command line. If the substring
- matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and
- %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last
- job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the back-
- ground. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using %\b%-\b-. In output per-
+ matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and
+ %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last
+ job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the back-
+ ground. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using %\b%-\b-. In output per-
taining to jobs (e.g., the output of the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job
- is always flagged with a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single %
- (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current
+ is always flagged with a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-. A single %
+ (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current
job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
exits.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt
- strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt
+ strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
special characters that are decoded as follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
- inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
+ inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
with a tilde
\\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
- commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
- is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
- the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
+ commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
+ is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
+ the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A
- vi-style line editing interface is also available. To turn off line
- editing after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options
+ vi-style line editing interface is also available. To turn off line
+ editing after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
- the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
- set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
- initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
- #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
- and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
- asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
simply listed on the terminal.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx).
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim-
v\bvi\bi.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+ pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to o\bon\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+ If set to o\bon\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
attempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to o\bon\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to o\bon\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(0\b0)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list
is not limited.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
new line.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
- will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the
user in the filename to be completed.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
+ r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
+ If set to o\bon\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to o\bon\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
+ d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ text against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered.
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ current location of the insertion point. If the executed
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ editing state.
The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing
- a loop when b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk is executed.
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
+ c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
+ Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
+ tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
+ out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ the call stack.
+
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
- c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
- Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
- tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
- out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
- plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
- the call stack.
-
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-E\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt]
+ [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-E\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
- pletion specifications.
+ pletion specifications. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command
+ completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
The process of applying these completion specifications when
word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
- loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not
- executing a loop when c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be is executed.
+ loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
+ than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
- h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-s\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
- structures is printed. The -\b-s\bs option restricts the information
- displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0
- unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+ structures is printed.
+ -\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ -\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
+ format
+ -\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-c\bc
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set, the time stamp information associ-
- ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
- marked with the history comment character. When the history
+ ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+ marked with the history comment character. When the history
file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
- followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
- for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
- writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
+ for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
+ writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument
to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu
+ nt_\b] _\b[-\b-t\bt_\b] _\b[-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd_\b] _\b[-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b] _\b[-\b-c\bc _\bI_\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm]\b] [\b[_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]\b] R\bRe\bea\bad\bd l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
+ f\bfr\bro\bom\bm t\bth\bhe\be s\bst\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt i\bin\bnt\bto\bo a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bP-\b-
+ F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ copied.
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ index is 0.
+ -\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ dard input.
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
+
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, or _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable.
+
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
- option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
- the terminal or a pipe.
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option has no effect
+ if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ tially supplied does not exist.
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
+ If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
+ text will match a files and zero or more directories and
+ subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/, only
+ directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
- shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
+ shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not supplied, or if job control
is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
- case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
_\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
- details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
- the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
- non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
- E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
- command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
- or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
- entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
- a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
- any of the arguments are found, false if none are found.
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
- Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
- substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
+ Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
+ substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
time after the command is entered. For example, unmatched parentheses,
- even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
+ even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
construct is being read.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash-3.2 2008 April 5 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-4.0 2008 May 25 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sun May 25 10:41:29 EDT 2008
+.\" Last Change: Mon Jun 2 20:32:53 EDT 2008
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2008 May 25" "GNU Bash-4.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2008 June 2" "GNU Bash-4.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
prompt.
.TP
+.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \fB\ew\fB and
+\fB\eW\fP prompt string escapes (see
+.SM
+.B PROMPTING
+below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+.TP
.B PS1
The value of this parameter is expanded (see
.SM
.TP
.B \ew
the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the \fB$PROMPT_DIRTRIM\fP variable)
.TP
.B \eW
the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP
the first pattern match.
Using \fB;&\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes execution to continue with
the \fIlist\fP associated with the next set of patterns.
-Using \fB;;\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes the shell to test the next
+Using \fB;;&\fP in place of \fB;;\fP causes the shell to test the next
pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated \fIlist\fP
on a successful match.
The exit status is zero if no
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
prompt.
.TP
+.B PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \fB\ew\fB and
+\fB\eW\fP prompt string escapes (see
+.SM
+.B PROMPTING
+below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+.TP
.B PS1
The value of this parameter is expanded (see
.SM
.TP
.B \ew
the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the \fB$PROMPT_DIRTRIM\fP variable)
.TP
.B \eW
the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 April 5<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 May 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
-<B>|| & && ; ;; ( ) | <newline></B>
+<B>|| & && ; ;; ( ) | |& <newline></B>
</DL>
<P>
A <I>pipeline</I> is a sequence of one or more commands separated by
-the character
-<B>|</B>.
+one of the control operators
+<B>|</B>
+or <B>|&</B>.
The format for a pipeline is:
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<P>
-[<B>time</B> [<B>-p</B>]] [ ! ] <I>command</I> [ <B>|</B> <I>command2</I> ... ]
+[<B>time</B> [<B>-p</B>]] [ ! ] <I>command</I> [ [<B>|</B>|<B>|&</B>] <I>command2</I> ... ]
</DL>
<P>
</FONT>
below).
+If <B>|&</B> is used, the standard error of <I>command</I> is connected to
+<I>command2</I>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
+<B>2>&1 |</B>.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
+redirections specified by the command.
<P>
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
-When a match is found, the
-corresponding <I>list</I> is executed. After the first match, no
-subsequent matches are attempted. The exit status is zero if no
+When a match is found, the corresponding <I>list</I> is executed.
+If the <B>;;</B> operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using <B>;&</B> in place of <B>;;</B> causes execution to continue with
+the <I>list</I> associated with the next set of patterns.
+Using <B>;;&</B> in place of <B>;;</B> causes the shell to test the next
+pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any associated <I>list</I>
+on a successful match.
+The exit status is zero if no
pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the
last command executed in <I>list</I>.
<DT><B>if</B> <I>list</I>; <B>then</B> <I>list;</I> [ <B>elif</B> <I>list</I>; <B>then</B> <I>list</I>; ] ... [ <B>else</B> <I>list</I>; ] <B>fi</B><DD>
For example, a<B>{</B>d,c,b<B>}</B>e expands into `ade ace abe'.
<P>
-A sequence expression takes the form <B>{</B><I>x</I><B>..</B><I>y</I><B>}</B>,
-where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> are either integers or single characters.
+A sequence expression takes the form
+<B>{</B><I>x</I><B>..</B><I>y</I><B>[..</B><I>incr</I>]},
+where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> are either integers or single characters,
+and <I>incr</I>, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
<I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive.
+Supplied integers may be prefixed with <I>0</I> to force each term to have the
+same width. When either <I>x</I> or y begins with a zero, the shell
+attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
+zero-padding where necessary.
When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>, inclusive. Note that
both <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
<P>
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
<DD>
Matches any string, including the null string.
+When the <B>globstar</B> shell option is enabled, and <B>*</B> is used in
+a filename expansion context, two adjacent <B>*</B>s used as a single
+pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
+subdirectories.
+If followed by a <B>/</B>, two adjacent <B>*</B>s will match only directories
+and subdirectories.
<DT><B>?</B>
<DD>
<P>
-<B>Bash</B>
-
-allows both the
+This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
to be redirected to the file whose name is the
expansion of
-<I>word</I>
+<I>word</I>.
-with this construct.
<P>
There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
<B>></B><I>word</I> 2<B>>&</B>1
</DL>
+<P>
+
<A NAME="lbBM"> </A>
+<H4>Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</H4>
+
+<P>
+
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be appended to the file whose name is the
+expansion of
+<I>word</I>.
+
+<P>
+
+The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>&>></B><I>word</I>
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+
+This is semantically equivalent to
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+<P>
+
+<B>>></B><I>word</I> 2<B>>&</B>1
+</DL>
+
+<A NAME="lbBN"> </A>
<H4>Here Documents</H4>
<P>
This allows
here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
natural fashion.
-<A NAME="lbBN"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBO"> </A>
<H4>Here Strings</H4>
A variant of here documents, the format is:
The <I>word</I> is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
input.
-<A NAME="lbBO"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBP"> </A>
<H4>Duplicating File Descriptors</H4>
<P>
As a special case, if <I>n</I> is omitted, and <I>word</I> does not
expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
-<A NAME="lbBP"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
<H4>Moving File Descriptors</H4>
<P>
<I>n</I>,
or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if <I>n</I> is not specified.
-<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBR"> </A>
<H4>Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</H4>
<P>
<I>n</I>
is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
-<A NAME="lbBR"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBS"> </A>
<H3>ALIASES</H3>
<I>Aliases</I> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by
shell functions.
-<A NAME="lbBS"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBT"> </A>
<H3>FUNCTIONS</H3>
A shell function, defined as described above under
Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number
of recursive calls.
-<A NAME="lbBT"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBU"> </A>
<H3>ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</H3>
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
rules above.
-<A NAME="lbBU"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBV"> </A>
<H3>CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</H3>
Conditional expressions are used by the <B>[[</B> compound command and
may be positive or negative integers.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbBV"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBW"> </A>
<H3>SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</H3>
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
-<A NAME="lbBW"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBX"> </A>
<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION</H3>
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
</FONT>
is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
-If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+function named <B>command_not_found_handle</B>.
+If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
+exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
+If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
message and returns an exit status of 127.
<P>
interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed
by the name of the program, followed by the command
arguments, if any.
-<A NAME="lbBX"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
<H3>COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</H3>
The shell has an <I>execution environment</I>, which consists of the
default standard input for the command is the empty file <I>/dev/null</I>.
Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
shell as modified by redirections.
-<A NAME="lbBY"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbBZ"> </A>
<H3>ENVIRONMENT</H3>
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
is set to the full file name of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
-<A NAME="lbBZ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCA"> </A>
<H3>EXIT STATUS</H3>
<P>
executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits
with a non-zero value. See also the <B>exit</B> builtin
command below.
-<A NAME="lbCA"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
<H3>SIGNALS</H3>
When <B>bash</B> is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will
cause the <B>wait</B> builtin to return immediately with an exit status
greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
-<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCC"> </A>
<H3>JOB CONTROL</H3>
<I>Job control</I>
If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped
jobs are terminated.
-<A NAME="lbCC"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCD"> </A>
<H3>PROMPTING</H3>
When executing interactively,
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCD"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCE"> </A>
<H3>READLINE</H3>
This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCE"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCF"> </A>
<H4>Readline Notation</H4>
<P>
accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
on the kill ring.
-<A NAME="lbCF"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCG"> </A>
<H4>Readline Initialization</H4>
<P>
In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <I>macro</I>).
-<A NAME="lbCG"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
<H4>Readline Key Bindings</H4>
<P>
</FONT>
below).
-<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
<H4>Readline Variables</H4>
<P>
<DD>
If set to <B>On</B>, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
+<DT><B>completion-prefix-display-length (0)</B>
+
+<DD>
+The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
+completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
+value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
+replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<DT><B>completion-query-items (100)</B>
<DD>
<DD>
If set to <B>On</B>, readline will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
+<DT><B>revert-all-at-newline (Off)</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to <B>on</B>, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+before returning when <B>accept-line</B> is executed. By default,
+history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
+calls to <B>readline</B>.
<DT><B>show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)</B>
<DD>
completions.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCJ"> </A>
<H4>Readline Conditional Constructs</H4>
<P>
</DL>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCJ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
<H4>Searching</H4>
<P>
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
-<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
<H4>Readline Command Names</H4>
<P>
position, and <I>mark</I> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<B>set-mark</B> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
-<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Moving</H4>
<P>
Refresh the current line.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCN"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Manipulating the History</H4>
<P>
and <I>emacs</I> as the editor, in that order.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCN"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCO"> </A>
<H4>Commands for Changing Text</H4>
<P>
before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCO"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCP"> </A>
<H4>Killing and Yanking</H4>
<P>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCP"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCQ"> </A>
<H4>Numeric Arguments</H4>
<P>
argument count sixteen, and so on.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCQ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCR"> </A>
<H4>Completing</H4>
<P>
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
+<DT><B>dabbrev-expand</B>
+
+<DD>
+Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
<DT><B>complete-into-braces (M-{)</B>
<DD>
above).
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCR"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCS"> </A>
<H4>Keyboard Macros</H4>
<P>
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCS"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCT"> </A>
<H4>Miscellaneous</H4>
<P>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCT"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
<H4>Programmable Completion</H4>
<P>
to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
the value of the <B>mark-directories</B> readline variable, regardless
of the setting of the <B>mark-symlinked-directories</B> readline variable.
-<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCV"> </A>
<H3>HISTORY</H3>
When the
</FONT>
for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
-<A NAME="lbCV"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCW"> </A>
<H3>HISTORY EXPANSION</H3>
<P>
The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
-<A NAME="lbCW"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCX"> </A>
<H4>Event Designators</H4>
<P>
The entire command line typed so far.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCX"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCY"> </A>
<H4>Word Designators</H4>
<P>
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
-<A NAME="lbCY"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbCZ"> </A>
<H4>Modifiers</H4>
<P>
Apply the following `<B>s</B>' modifier once to each word in the event line.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbCZ"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDA"> </A>
<H3>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</H3>
<DD>
Cause <I>shell-command</I> to be executed whenever <I>keyseq</I> is
entered.
+When <I>shell-command</I> is executed, the shell sets the
+<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
+
+variable to the contents of the <B>readline</B> line buffer and the
+<B>READLINE_POINT</B>
+
+variable to the current location of the insertion point.
+If the executed command changes the value of
+<B>READLINE_LINE</B>
+
+or
+<B>READLINE_POINT</B>,
+
+those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
</DL>
<P>
<I>n</I>
is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops
-are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing
-a loop when
-<B>break</B>
-
-is executed.
+are exited.
+The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
<DT><B>builtin</B> <I>shell-builtin</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it
<I>arguments</I>,
<I>shell-builtin</I>
is not a shell builtin command.
+<DT><B>caller</B> [<I>expr</I>]<DD>
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins.
+Without <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B> displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B>
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L|-P</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>. The variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
written to the standard output.
The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
false otherwise.
-<DT><B>caller</B> [<I>expr</I>]<DD>
-Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
-a script executed with the <B>.</B> or <B>source</B> builtins.
-Without <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B> displays the line number and source
-filename of the current subroutine call.
-If a non-negative integer is supplied as <I>expr</I>, <B>caller</B>
-displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
-to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
-information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
-current frame is frame 0.
-The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
-call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
-call stack.
<DT><B>command</B> [<B>-pVv</B>] <I>command</I> [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
Run
<I>command</I>
<P>
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
-<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-E</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
<BR>
[<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>]
-<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-E</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
Specify how arguments to each <I>name</I> should be completed.
If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
The <B>-r</B> option removes a completion specification for
each <I>name</I>, or, if no <I>name</I>s are supplied, all
completion specifications.
+The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
+blank line.
<P>
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above under <B>Programmable Completion</B>.
<I>n</I>
is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
-(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the
-shell is not executing a loop when
-<B>continue</B>
-
-is executed.
+(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.
+The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-afFirtx</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-afFirtx</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
<I>name</I>
is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
-<DT><B>help</B> [<B>-s</B>] [<I>pattern</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>help</B> [<B>-dms</B>] [<I>pattern</I>]<DD>
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
<I>pattern</I>
otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
is printed.
-The <B>-s</B> option restricts the information displayed to a short
-usage synopsis.
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-d</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display a short description of each <I>pattern</I>
+<DT><B> -m</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display the description of each <I>pattern</I> in a manpage-like format
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Display only a short usage synopsis for each <I>pattern</I>
+
+</DL></DL>
+
The return status is 0 unless no command matches
<I>pattern</I>.
<DD>
Exit a login shell.
+<DT><B>mapfile</B> [<B>-n</B> <I>count</I>] [<B>-O</B> <I>origin</I>] [<B>-s</B> <I>cou<DD>
+nt</I>] [<B>-t</B>] [<B>-u</B> <I>fd</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>callback</I>] [<B>-c</B> Iquantum] [<I>array</I>]
+Read lines from the standard input into array variable
+<I>array</I>,
+
+or from file descriptor
+<I>fd</I>
+
+if the
+<B>-u</B>
+
+option is supplied.
+The variable <B>MAPFILE</B> is the default <I>array</I>.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>-n</B>
+
+<DD>
+Copy at most
+<I>count</I>
+
+lines. If <I>count</I> is 0, all lines are copied.
+<DT><B>-O</B>
+
+<DD>
+Begin assigning to
+<I>array</I>
+
+at index
+<I>origin</I>.
+
+The default index is 0.
+<DT><B>-s</B>
+
+<DD>
+Discard the first <I>count</I> lines read.
+<DT><B>-t</B>
+
+<DD>
+Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+<DT><B>-u</B>
+
+<DD>
+Read lines from file descriptor <I>fd</I> instead of the standard input.
+<DT><B>-C</B>
+
+<DD>
+Evaluate
+<I>callback</I>
+
+each time <I>quantum</I> lines are read. The <B>-c</B> option specifies
+<I>quantum</I>.
+
+<DT><B>-c</B>
+
+<DD>
+Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+<I>callback</I>.
+
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If
+<B>-C</B>
+
+is specified without
+<B>-c</B>,
+
+the default quantum is 5000.
+<P>
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, <B>mapfile</B> will clear <I>array</I>
+before assigning to it.
+<P>
+
+<B>mapfile</B> returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+argument is supplied, or <I>array</I> is invalid or unassignable.
+</DL>
+
<DT><B>popd</B> [-<B>n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD>
Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a
<DD>
Cause <B>read</B> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
input is not read within <I>timeout</I> seconds.
+<I>timeout</I> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+the decimal point.
This option has no effect if <B>read</B> is not reading input from the
terminal or a pipe.
<DT><B>-u </B><I>fd</I>
changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
+<DT><B>dirspell</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
+if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
<DT><B>dotglob</B>
<DD>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL VARIABLES</B></FONT>
above for a description of <B>FIGNORE</B>.
This option is enabled by default.
+<DT><B>globstar</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set, the pattern <B>**</B> used in a filename expansion context will
+match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+If the pattern is followed by a <B>/</B>, only directories and
+subdirectories match.
<DT><B>gnu_errfmt</B>
<DD>
option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the <B>command</B> builtin.
<B>type</B>
-returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if
-none are found.
+returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if
+any are not found.
<DT><B>ulimit</B> [<B>-HSTabcdefilmnpqrstuvx</B> [<I>limit</I>]]<DD>
Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDA"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDB"> </A>
<H3>RESTRICTED SHELL</H3>
script.
-<A NAME="lbDB"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDC"> </A>
<H3>SEE ALSO</H3>
<DT><I>readline</I>(3)<DD>
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDC"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDD"> </A>
<H3>FILES</H3>
Individual <I>readline</I> initialization file
</DL>
-<A NAME="lbDD"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDE"> </A>
<H3>AUTHORS</H3>
Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
<BR>
<A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A>
-<A NAME="lbDE"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDF"> </A>
<H3>BUG REPORTS</H3>
If you find a bug in
this manual page should be directed to
<I><A HREF="mailto:chet@po.cwru.edu">chet@po.cwru.edu</A></I>.
-<A NAME="lbDF"> </A>
+<A NAME="lbDG"> </A>
<H3>BUGS</H3>
<P>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-3.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 April 5<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2008 May 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbBJ">Redirecting Output</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbBK">Appending Redirected Output</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbBL">Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBM">Here Documents</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBN">Here Strings</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBO">Duplicating File Descriptors</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBP">Moving File Descriptors</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBQ">Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBM">Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBN">Here Documents</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBO">Here Strings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBP">Duplicating File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBQ">Moving File Descriptors</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBR">Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBR">ALIASES</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBS">FUNCTIONS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBT">ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBU">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBV">SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBW">COMMAND EXECUTION</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBX">COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBY">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbBZ">EXIT STATUS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCA">SIGNALS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCB">JOB CONTROL</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCC">PROMPTING</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCD">READLINE</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBS">ALIASES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBT">FUNCTIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBU">ARITHMETIC EVALUATION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBV">CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBW">SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBX">COMMAND EXECUTION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBY">COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbBZ">ENVIRONMENT</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCA">EXIT STATUS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCB">SIGNALS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCC">JOB CONTROL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCD">PROMPTING</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCE">READLINE</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCE">Readline Notation</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCF">Readline Initialization</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCG">Readline Key Bindings</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCH">Readline Variables</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCI">Readline Conditional Constructs</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCJ">Searching</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCK">Readline Command Names</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCL">Commands for Moving</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCM">Commands for Manipulating the History</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCN">Commands for Changing Text</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCO">Killing and Yanking</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCP">Numeric Arguments</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCQ">Completing</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCR">Keyboard Macros</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCS">Miscellaneous</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCT">Programmable Completion</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCF">Readline Notation</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCG">Readline Initialization</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCH">Readline Key Bindings</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCI">Readline Variables</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCJ">Readline Conditional Constructs</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCK">Searching</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCL">Readline Command Names</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCM">Commands for Moving</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCN">Commands for Manipulating the History</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCO">Commands for Changing Text</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCP">Killing and Yanking</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCQ">Numeric Arguments</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCR">Completing</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCS">Keyboard Macros</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCT">Miscellaneous</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCU">Programmable Completion</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCU">HISTORY</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCV">HISTORY EXPANSION</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCV">HISTORY</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCW">HISTORY EXPANSION</A><DD>
<DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCW">Event Designators</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCX">Word Designators</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCY">Modifiers</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCX">Event Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCY">Word Designators</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbCZ">Modifiers</A><DD>
</DL>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbCZ">SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDA">RESTRICTED SHELL</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDB">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDC">FILES</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDD">AUTHORS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDE">BUG REPORTS</A><DD>
-<DT><A HREF="#lbDF">BUGS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDA">SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDB">RESTRICTED SHELL</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDC">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDD">FILES</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDE">AUTHORS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDF">BUG REPORTS</A><DD>
+<DT><A HREF="#lbDG">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
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-Time: 08 April 2008 09:50:33 EDT
+Time: 29 May 2008 11:48:48 EDT
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(wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F
-(ef)108 264 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295
-(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 280.8 R .295
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(es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.)
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-(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 292.8 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033
-(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 309.6 R .034
+(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 316.8 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034
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(es the literal v)-.15 F .034
(alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108
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-(he characters)-5.828 F F4($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F4<92>3.328 E F0
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-(wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)2.705 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F4(")
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-(ceding it with a backslash.)108 357.6 R .082(If enabled, history e)
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-E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 386.4 Q F4(*)2.5 E
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-(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 403.2 S .212
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-(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 415.2 R .605
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+(he characters)-5.828 F F1($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F1<92>3.328 E F0
+.828(retain their special)3.328 F .075(meaning within double quotes.)108
+357.6 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo)
+5.075 F .074(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .204
+(wing characters:)-.25 F F1($)2.704 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.704 E F0(,)A F1(")
+3.537 E F0(,).833 E F1(\\)2.704 E F0 2.704(,o)C(r)-2.704 E F1(<newline>)
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+(double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .082
+(ceding it with a backslash.)108 381.6 R .082(If enabled, history e)
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+108 393.6 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 410.4 Q F1(*)2.5 E
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+(rds of the form).8 F F1($)2.711 E F0<08>A F3(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C
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+.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605
+(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 439.2 R .604
(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo)
-108 427.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4(\\a)144 439.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F4
-(\\b)144 451.2 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F4(\\e)144 463.2 Q F0
-(an escape character)28.78 E F4(\\f)144 475.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F4
-(\\n)144 487.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F4(\\r)144 499.2
-Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F4(\\t)144 511.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89
-E F4(\\v)144 523.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F4(\\\\)144
-535.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F4<5c08>144 547.2 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E
-F4(\\)144 559.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F4(\\x)144 571.2 Q F2(HH)A F0
+108 451.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 463.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1
+(\\b)144 475.2 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\e)144 487.2 Q F0
+(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 499.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1
+(\\n)144 511.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 523.2
+Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 535.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89
+E F1(\\v)144 547.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144
+559.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1<5c08>144 571.2 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E
+F1(\\)144 583.2 Q F3(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E
+(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F0
+(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 595.2 Q F3(HH)A F0
(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F4(\\c)144 583.2 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5
-(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 600 Q(xp\
+(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F3(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
+-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\c)144 607.2 Q F3(x)A F0 2.5
+(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F3(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 624 Q(xp\
anded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been prese\
-nt.)-.15 E 2.986(Ad)108 616.8 S .486
-(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.986 F F4($)A F0
-2.986(\)w)C .485(ill cause the string to be translated according to the)
--2.986 F .117(current locale.)108 628.8 R .117(If the current locale is)
-5.117 F F4(C)2.617 E F0(or)2.617 E F4(POSIX)2.617 E F0 2.617(,t)C .118
-(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.617 F .118
-(If the string is translated and)5.118 F
-(replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 640.8 Q F1 -.81(PA)72
-657.6 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 669.6 Q F2(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-.843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F 3.343(alues. It)-.25 F .843
-(can be a)3.343 F F2(name)3.342 E F0 3.342(,an).18 G(umber)-3.342 E
-3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842(ne of the special characters)
--3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 681.6 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F4
-.823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E
-F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A)
-.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 693.6 Q F0
-.369(and zero or more)2.869 F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C
-(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F4(declar)2.868 E
-(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F4(declar)
-2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 705.6 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)
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+(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.985 F F1($)A F0
+2.986(\)w)C .486(ill cause the string to be translated according to the)
+-2.986 F .118(current locale.)108 652.8 R .118(If the current locale is)
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+(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.618 F .117
+(If the string is translated and)5.117 F
+(replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 664.8 Q F2 -.81(PA)72
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2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0
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--.35 E(may be unset only by using the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E(A)108 100.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)2.79 E F0
-(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 117.6
-Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 134.4 Q F3(value)3.023 E F0 .233
-(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232
-(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F3(values)3.022
-E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15
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+-.35 E 2.755(Ap)108 84 S .255
+(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754(alue. The)
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+Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 146.4 Q F3(value)3.022 E F0 .232
+(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232
+(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F3(values)3.023
+E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15
+F .515(and v)108 158.4 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515
(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see)
--3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 158.4 Q 2.699
-(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1
+-3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 170.4 Q 2.698
+(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1
(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value)
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-(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F
-F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F .902
-(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 182.4 R
-1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179
-(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P)
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-(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 194.4 R 1.148
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-(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649
-E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 206.4 S(adonly).18 E F0
+F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901
+(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 194.4 R
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+(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P)
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+(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648
+E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 218.4 S(adonly).18 E F0
2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E
-.377(In the conte)108 223.2 R .377
+.376(In the conte)108 235.2 R .376
(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376
-(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376
+(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377
(x, the +=)-.15 F .257
-(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 235.2 R(ariable')
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-.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When)
--.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .373
-(for which the inte)108 247.2 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372
+-.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .372
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(ute has been set,)-.2 F F3(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .372
-(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 259.2 S(riable').25 E
-2.888(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F
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-(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F
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(aximum inde)-2.82 F 2.82(x. When)-.15 F .32(applied to a string-)2.82 F
--.25(va)108 295.2 S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e)
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G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
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-E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional parameters\
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-on is e)108 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .334(cuted \(see).15 F F2(FUNCTIONS)
-2.834 E F0(belo)2.584 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter c\
-onsisting of more than a single digit is e)108 376.8 R 1.403
-(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 388.8 Q F2(EXP)
-2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 405.6 Q
-(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675
+on is e)108 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F F2(FUNCTIONS)
+2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional parameter c\
+onsisting of more than a single digit is e)108 388.8 R 1.404
+(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 400.8 Q F2(EXP)
+2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 417.6 Q
+(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674
(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F
-(them is not allo)108 429.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 441.6 Q F0 .606
-(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .605
-(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .083
-(ble quotes, it e)144 453.6 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084
+(them is not allo)108 441.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 453.6 Q F0 .605
+(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606
+(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084
+(ble quotes, it e)144 465.6 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084
(ord with the v)-.1 F .084
(alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E
-.004(acter of the)144 465.6 R F2(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F
+.003(acter of the)144 477.6 R F2(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F
2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A F0 2.503("i)C
2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003(lent to ").25 F F1
($1)A F3(c)A F1($2)A F3(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F3(c)2.703 E F0
-.003(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .768(acter of the v)144 477.6 R
-.768(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G 3.268
-(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 .769
-(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.769 E F2
-(IFS)144 489.6 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)
-2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 501.6 Q F0 .606
-(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .605
-(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113
-(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 513.6 R .113(xpands to a separate w)
--.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F1($@)A F0 2.614("i)C
-2.614(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F1
-($1)A F0 2.614("")C F1($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135
-(If the double-quoted e)144 525.6 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15
-F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134
-(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .15(with the be)144
-537.6 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e)
--.1 F .151(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338
-(the last part of the original w)144 549.6 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337
-(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F1($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd)
--2.837 E F1($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E
-(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 561.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 573.6 Q F0
+.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 489.6 R
+.769(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS)3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269
+(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768
+(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F2
+(IFS)144 501.6 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)
+2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 513.6 Q F0 .605
+(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606
+(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114
+(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 525.6 R .114(xpands to a separate w)
+-.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C
+2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1
+($1)A F0 2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134
+(If the double-quoted e)144 537.6 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15
+F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135
+(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144
+549.6 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e)
+-.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337
+(the last part of the original w)144 561.6 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338
+(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd)
+-2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E
+(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 573.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15
+(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 585.6 Q F0
(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?)
-108 585.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e)
+108 597.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)31 E(xit status of the most recently e)
-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1<ad>108
-597.6 Q F0 .881
+609.6 Q F0 .882
(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G .882
+(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G .881
(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)144
-609.6 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 621.6 Q F0 .214
+621.6 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 633.6 Q F0 .214
(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214
(In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214
(xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F
-(shell, not the subshell.)144 633.6 Q F1(!)108 645.6 Q F0
+(shell, not the subshell.)144 645.6 Q F1(!)108 657.6 Q F0
(Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 657.6 Q F0
-1.691(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.692
-(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F1(bash)4.192 E
-F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 669.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578
-(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F1($0)3.078 E F0 .578
-(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F1(bash)3.077 E
-F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F1<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368
-(option, then)144 681.6 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369
+(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 669.6 Q F0
+1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691
+(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E
+F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 681.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577
+(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578
+(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E
+F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F1<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369
+(option, then)144 693.6 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369
(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E
-(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 693.6 Q -.2
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E
+(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 705.6 Q -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25
(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E
-F1(_)108 705.6 Q F0 .055
+F1(_)108 717.6 Q F0 .054
(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 717.6 R .691
+-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 729.6 R .692
(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E
-3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)
--.18 F(pre)144 729.6 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071
-(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F
--.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e).2 H .57(ach command).1 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768
-Q(2008 April 5)148.455 E(8)203.445 E 0 Cg EP
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+-.18 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(8)202.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 9 9
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-(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6(xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6
-(When checking mail, this)6.6 F
+-.35 E(pre)144 84 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07
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+-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 96 S
+1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6
+(xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F
(parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144
-96 Q(ed.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Shell V)87 112.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E
-F0(The follo)108 124.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)
--.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 141.6 S(SH).3 E F0
+108 Q(ed.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Shell V)87 124.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E
+F0(The follo)108 136.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)
+-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 S(SH).3 E F0
(Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1
-(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6
-S(SHPID).3 E F0 .361(Expands to the process id of the current)144 165.6
-R F1(bash)2.861 E F0 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.86 E .36
-(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.86 E F0 .36(under certain circum-)2.86 F
-(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 177.6 Q F1(bash)2.5
-E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 189.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0
-.934(An array v)144 201.6 R .934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934
+(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 165.6
+S(SHPID).3 E F0 .36(Expands to the process id of the current)144 177.6 R
+F1(bash)2.861 E F0 2.861(process. This)2.861 F(dif)2.861 E .361
+(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.861 E F0 .361(under certain circum-)2.861 F
+(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 189.6 Q F1(bash)2.5
+E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 201.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0
+.935(An array v)144 213.6 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934
(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F
-F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 213.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F
+F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 225.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F
.535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\
-n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 225.6 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)
-2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)
--2.641 G 2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142
-(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142
-(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.525(parameters passed is pushed onto)144
-237.6 R F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524
-(he shell sets)-6.524 F F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.524
-(only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S(tended deb).15 E
+n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 237.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)
+2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)
+-2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141
+(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141
+(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.524(parameters passed is pushed onto)144
+249.6 R F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524
+(he shell sets)-6.524 F F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.525
+(only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(tended deb).15 E
(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E
F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E
-(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 261.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144
-273.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)
--.25 F F1(bash)3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F
-(The)5.98 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at th\
-e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 285.6 R
-1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 297.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
+(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144
+285.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)
+-.25 F F1(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F
+(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\
+he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 297.6 R
+1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 309.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424
(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F1 -.3(BA)144
-309.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.091(.T)C 1.091(he shell sets)-6.091 F F1 -.3
-(BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F 1.091
-(xtended deb)-.15 F 1.09(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)
-144 321.6 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 333.6 S
-(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 345.6 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
-(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F
+321.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.09(.T)C 1.09(he shell sets)-6.09 F F1 -.3(BA)
+3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F 1.091(xtended deb)
+-.15 F 1.091(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 333.6 Q
+F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 345.6 S(SH_COMMAND).3
+E F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 357.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242
+(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F
(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144
-357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)
-108 369.6 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 381.6 Q
+369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)
+108 381.6 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 393.6 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 393.6 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034
-(An array v)144 405.6 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers\
- in source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.944(ber of)144
-417.6 R F1(FUNCN)5.444 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3
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+(An array v)144 417.6 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers\
+ in source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.945(ber of)144
+429.6 R F1(FUNCN)5.445 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3
E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 2.944
(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.444 F F1(${FUNCN)144
-429.6 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.312 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811
+441.6 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811
(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i-1)A F1(]})A
F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.512
-(function\). The)144 441.6 R 2.012(corresponding source \214le name is)
+(function\). The)144 453.6 R 2.012(corresponding source \214le name is)
4.512 F F1(${B)4.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 4.512(]}. Use)B
-2.012(LINENO to)4.512 F(obtain the curr)144 453.6 Q(ent line number)-.18
-E(.)-1 E -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)
-144 477.6 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)
-2.506 E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005
-(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 489.6 R .007
-(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007
-(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e)
--.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 501.6 R(x)-.15 E
-F2(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F
-F2(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5
-(sion. This)144 513.6 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E
-F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .889(An array v)144 537.6 R .889
+2.012(LINENO to)4.512 F(obtain the curr)144 465.6 Q(ent line number)-.18
+E(.)-1 E -.3(BA)108 477.6 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)
+144 489.6 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)
+2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006
+(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 501.6 R .007
+(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007
+(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e)
+-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 513.6 R(x)-.15 E
+F2(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F
+F2(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5
+(sion. This)144 525.6 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E
+F1 -.3(BA)108 537.6 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 549.6 R .889
(ariable whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the \
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(ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25
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(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 189.6 Q F1
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%%Page: 14 14
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(The optional)144 148.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
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242.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
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(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
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-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 484.8 Q F1(%?)3.334 E
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(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 496.8 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
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144 561.6 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B
.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G
-(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 573.6 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G
-.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
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+(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575
(ing one string for another in the command.)144 585.6 R .575(The def)
-5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575
-(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\
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that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
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-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F
-.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 621.6 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1
-F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
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+(skipped for the remaining w)144 621.6 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F
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(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 633.6 Q F1(Arrays)87 650.4 Q
(Bash)108 662.4 Q F0(pro)2.958 E .458(vides one-dimensional array v)-.15
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(ariable may be used as an array; the)-3.208 F F1(declar)2.958 E(e)-.18
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(that members be inde)108 686.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra)
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(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.077 E F1(declar)4.077 E 4.077<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.077 E F2
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-.2 F(array v)108 96 Q(ariable using the)-.25 E F1(declar)2.5 E(e)-.18 E
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(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.65(.O)C(nly)-5.65 E F2(string)3.15
E F0 .65(is required.)3.15 F .65(If the optional brack)5.65 F .65
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-(xi)-.15 G 2.777(sa)-2.777 G .277(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-2.777
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-(he element assigned is the last inde)-2.777 F 2.776(xa)-.15 G .276
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-(This syntax is also accepted by the)6.394 F F1(declar)3.894 E(e)-.18 E
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+(ets and subscript are)-.1 F .276(supplied, that inde)108 136.8 R 2.776
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(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 E F2(name)2.5 E
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-(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.576 F F2(name)A F0([)A
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(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0
(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)
--.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057
-(These subscripts dif)108 201.6 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
-(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056
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-.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521
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+(These subscripts dif)108 201.6 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
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+(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 213.6 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B
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(alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F
-1.375(of the)108 225.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375
-(special v)3.625 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375
-([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.374
-(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027
+1.374(of the)108 225.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374
+(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375
+([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375
+(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028
(there are no array members, ${)108 237.6 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B
-2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F
-2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759(within a w)108 249.6 R .759
+2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F
+2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 249.6 R .759
(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108
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261.6 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\
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-F .228(to the e)108 273.6 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
+t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015
+F .227(to the e)108 273.6 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
-(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727
+(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 285.6
S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A
F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or)
3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886
-(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .734(ments in the array)108 297.6
-R 5.734(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.734 F .733
-(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .733
+(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .733(ments in the array)108 297.6
+R 5.733(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.733 F .733
+(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .734
(lent to referencing element).25 F(zero.)108 309.6 Q(The)108 326.4 Q F1
-(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767
+(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767
(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2
(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267
-(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108
+(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108
338.4 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38(en to a)-.1 F -.2
(vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F 1.38
(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F1(unset)6.38 E F2(name)
(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A
F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1
(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G
-(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 367.2 Q F1(declar)3.67 E(e)-.18
-E F0(,)A F1(local)3.67 E F0 3.67(,a)C(nd)-3.67 E F1 -.18(re)3.67 G
-(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G 1.17(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>
-3.671 E F0 1.171(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.171(.T)-.65 G(he)
--6.171 E F1 -.18(re)3.671 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G(iltin).2 E .441
+(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 367.2 Q F1(declar)3.671 E(e)
+-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.671 E F0 3.671(,a)C(nd)-3.671 E F1 -.18(re)
+3.671 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171(iltins each accept a).2 F
+F1<ad61>3.671 E F0 1.17(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.17(.T)-.65
+G(he)-6.17 E F1 -.18(re)3.67 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G(iltin).2 E .44
(accepts a)108 379.2 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
--5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
(bu)108 391.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 408 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\
ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 420 R 3.26
(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 432 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 432 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e)
2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .37
(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 444 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5
E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E
F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E
-.47(The order of e)108 460.8 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
+.471(The order of e)108 460.8 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
-.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
+.47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 472.8 Q
(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 489.6 Q
(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.5 E
-(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 506.4 R 1.487
-(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
-(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
-(ex)108 518.4 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
-1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
-(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 506.4 R 1.486
+(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
+(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
+(ex)108 518.4 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F
+1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the)
-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
-2.5 E F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G
(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 583.2 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 583.2 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 595.2 R
.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
-ch resulting string, e)108 607.2 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
-108 619.2 Q .718(Brace e)108 636 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F
+ch resulting string, e)108 607.2 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 619.2 Q .719(Brace e)108 636 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F
.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
108 648 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0(d,c,b)
-A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.134(As)108
-664.8 S .634(equence e)-3.134 F .634(xpression tak)-.15 F .634
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.134 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1(})A F0 3.134
-(,w)C(here)-3.134 E F2(x)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E F2(y)3.133 E F0 .633
-(are either inte)3.133 F .633(gers or single characters.)-.15 F(When)
-5.633 E(inte)108 676.8 Q .401(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .401
-(xpression e)-.15 F .401(xpands to each number between)-.15 F F2(x)2.901
-E F0(and)2.902 E F2(y)2.902 E F0 2.902(,i)C(nclusi)-2.902 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G 5.402(.W).15 G .402(hen characters)-5.402 F .688(are supplied, the e)
-108 688.8 R .688(xpression e)-.15 F .688(xpands to each character le)
--.15 F .688(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.188 E F0(and)3.188 E
-F2(y)3.188 E F0 3.187(,i)C(nclusi)-3.187 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.687(.N).15 G
-(ote)-5.687 E(that both)108 700.8 Q F2(x)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(y)2.5 E
-F0(must be of the same type.)2.5 E .581(Brace e)108 717.6 R .581
-(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)
--3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
-(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209
-(are preserv)108 729.6 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209
-(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209
-(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208
-(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q
-(2008 April 5)148.455 E(16)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
+A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 2.991(As)108
+664.8 S .491(equence e)-2.991 F .491(xpression tak)-.15 F .491
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)2.991 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
+F1(]})A F2 2.991(,w)C(her)-2.991 E 2.991(exa)-.37 G .491(nd y ar)-2.991
+F 2.991(ee)-.37 G .492(ither inte)-2.991 F -.1(ge)-.4 G .692 -.1(rs o).1
+H 2.992(rs).1 G .492(ingle c)-2.992 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s,)-.1 E
+.526(and incr)108 676.8 R 3.026(,a)-1.11 G 3.026(no)-3.026 G .526
+(ptional incr)-3.026 F .526(ement, is an inte)-.37 F -.1(ge)-.4 G 5.246
+-1.11(r. W).1 H .526(hen inte)1.11 F -.1(ge)-.4 G .726 -.1(rs a).1 H
+1.265 -.37(re s).1 H .525(upplied, the e).37 F(xpr)-.2 E .525(ession e)
+-.37 F .525(xpands to eac)-.2 F(h)-.15 E .224(number between x and y)108
+688.8 R 2.724(,i)-.55 G(nclusive)-2.724 E 5.224(.S)-.15 G .224
+(upplied inte)-5.224 F -.1(ge)-.4 G .424 -.1(rs m).1 H .224(ay be pr).1
+F .224(e\214xed with 0 to for)-.37 F .224(ce eac)-.37 F 2.725(ht)-.15 G
+.225(erm to have the)-2.725 F .606(same width.)108 700.8 R .606
+(When either x or y be)5.606 F .606(gins with a zer)-.4 F .605
+(o, the shell attempts to for)-.45 F .605(ce all g)-.37 F(ener)-.1 E
+.605(ated terms to con-)-.15 F .658(tain the same number of digits, zer)
+108 712.8 R .658(o-padding wher)-.45 F 3.158(en)-.37 G(ecessary)-3.158 E
+5.658(.W)-.55 G .658(hen c)-5.658 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E 3.158(sa)-.1
+G 1.398 -.37(re s)-3.158 H .658(upplied, the e).37 F(xpr)-.2 E(es-)-.37
+E .685(sion e)108 724.8 R .685(xpands to eac)-.2 F 3.184(hc)-.15 G(har)
+-3.334 E .684(acter le)-.15 F(xico)-.2 E(gr)-.1 E .684
+(aphically between x and y)-.15 F 3.184(,i)-.55 G(nclusive)-3.184 E
+5.684(.N)-.15 G .684(ote that both x and y must)-5.684 F F0
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(conte)108 84 Q(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E
-(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132
-(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must contain unquoted \
-opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F 3.441
-(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941
-(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441(ncorrectly formed brace e)
--5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
-(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .757(be of the same type)108 84 R 5.757
+(.W)-.15 G .757(hen the incr)-5.757 F .757
+(ement is supplied, it is used as the dif)-.37 F(fer)-.18 E .758
+(ence between eac)-.37 F 3.258(ht)-.15 G 3.258(erm. The)-3.258 F
+(default incr)108 96 Q(ement is 1 or -1 as appr)-.37 E(opriate)-.45 E(.)
+-.15 E F0 .582(Brace e)108 112.8 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)
+-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15
+F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)
+-.15 E .015(are preserv)108 124.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
+(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)
+5.016 E F0 .016(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 136.8 Q
+(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
+-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 153.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132
+(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
+t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 165.6 R 3.441
+(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(unchanged. A)108 177.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0
+.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91
+(sion. T)108 189.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 148.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
+F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 201.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 194.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 218.4 Q
+108 218.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 230.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
+(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 247.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25
+G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 259.2 Q(cho)144 271.2 Q
(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 288 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 300 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247
+(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 312 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0
-.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
-.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
-(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
-(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
-(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1
-F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087
+(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 324 Q F0 .515
+(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
+(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e)
+3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
+(If strict compatibility with)108 336 R F2(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 348 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
+2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09
+E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 364.8 S
+(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 376.8 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F
+1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F2(~)A F0 1.086
('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
\(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
-108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+108 388.8 R F1(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
+ are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 400.8 R .725
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F1(lo)108 412.8 Q .522
+(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9
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-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 424.8 Q/F4
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+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 436.8 Q .092
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 453.6 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
+5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 465.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
-5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142
-E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
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+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 477.6 R F1(N)4.141
+E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G
-.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
+489.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 501.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G
+.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
+.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
-108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+108 513.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 530.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167
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(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
--.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
-F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
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+-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E
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-518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
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-(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 535.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605
-(The `)108 547.2 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605
-(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606
-(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 559.2 R
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-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
-(tect the v)108 571.2 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
-(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108
-583.2 Q 1.19
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+4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 612
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+Q 1.189
(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
-600 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)
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-(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 676.8 Q 1.509
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-(introduce indirection.)108 96 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108
-112.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334
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-(Assign Default V)144 201.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2
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+(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 237.6 Q F1
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(Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F
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-(interacti)144 273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,)
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-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 297.6 R .745(nate V)-.15 F
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(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768
-F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 496.8 Q 3.219
-(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719
-(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
-(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1
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--.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E
-F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \
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-E .315(when follo)108 537.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1
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--.45 F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471
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-(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F1(IFS)108 331.2 Q F0
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-(Explicit null ar)108 372 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0
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3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
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(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
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(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
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--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
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-(Before a command is e)108 582 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
-(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
-(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617
-(by the shell.)108 594 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \
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(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E
-(may follo)108 618 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G
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-(ion operator is)108 646.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
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(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
--3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 658.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+-2.779 F .279(If the \214rst character)5.279 F
+(of the redirection operator is)108 96 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 675.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+-2.5 E .825(The w)108 112.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772
-(jected to brace e)108 687.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
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(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844
-(sion, quote remo)108 699.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F
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.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843
F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.343 E F0
-(reports an error)108 711.6 Q(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 728.4 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q
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-(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 100.8
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Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G
-(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 117.6 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
-(dirlist)2.5 E .387(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 134.4
+(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 216 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
+(dirlist)2.5 E .387(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 232.8
R F2(dirlist)2.887 E F0 2.887(,b).68 G .388(ecause the standard error w)
-2.887 F .388(as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F
-(before the standard output w)108 146.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2
-(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 163.2 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F
+(before the standard output w)108 244.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2
+(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 261.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 175.2 Q F1(/de)144 192 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0
-(If)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E
-2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E
-F1(/de)144 216 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180
-228 Q F1(/de)144 240 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 252 Q F1(/de)144 264 Q(v/stderr)
--.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 276 Q F1(/de)144 288 Q
-(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 300 Q F2(host)2.996
-E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496(alid hostname or Internet address, and)
--.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497(is an inte)2.997 F .497
-(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 312 Q F1(bash)2.5
-E F0(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E
-(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 324 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0
-(If)180 336 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 273.6 Q F1(/de)144 290.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A
+F0(If)180 302.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15
+E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5
+E F1(/de)144 314.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)
+180 326.4 Q F1(/de)144 338.4 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 350.4 Q F1(/de)144 362.4 Q
+(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 374.4 Q F1(/de)
+144 386.4 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 398.4 Q
+F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(vice name,)180 410.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
+-.1 E F1(/de)144 422.4 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)
+180 434.4 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 446.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E 2.5(Af)108 364.8 S
+-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 463.2 S
(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E
(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
-hould be used with care, as the)108 381.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
+hould be used with care, as the)108 480 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
-(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 393.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-410.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 492 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
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(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 422.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 434.4 Q F2
+108 520.8 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 532.8 Q F2
(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 451.2 Q([)144 468 Q F2
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 484.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .174
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 549.6 Q([)144 566.4 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 583.2 Q
+(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 496.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
-(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 508.8
+108 595.2 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 607.2
R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
--.15(ex)108 520.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+-.15(ex)108 619.2 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 537.6 Q([)144 554.4 Q
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 636 Q([)144 652.8 Q
F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
-(If the redirection operator is)108 571.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+(If the redirection operator is)108 669.6 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 583.2 R
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 681.6 R
.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
-5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 595.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 693.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-624 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 636 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 648 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
-2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
-.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
-660 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q
-(2008 April 5)148.455 E(22)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
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+72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Redir)87 84 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E(Bash)108 96 Q
-F0(allo)3.142 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\
-\) and the standard error output \(\214le descriptor 2\) to)-.25 F
-(be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 Q(xpansion of)
--.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0
-(with this construct.)3.27 E(There are tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Redir).25 E
+(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642(Redirection of output in this f)108 96 R
+.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641
+(to be)3.911 F .473(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 108 R
+F2(n)2.973 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
+.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
+120 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 136.8 Q([)144 153.6 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 175.2 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 187.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
+-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
+199.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(There are tw)108 216 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
-(&>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 153.6 Q F1(>&)144 165.6 Q
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 182.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(&>)144 232.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 244.8 Q F1(>&)144 256.8 Q
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 273.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 199.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 216 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(T\
-his type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the curr\
-ent source until a line containing only)108 228 R F2(wor)108.34 240 Q(d)
--.37 E F0 .684(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.954 F .684
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 290.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 312 S
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(This construct allo)108 324 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\
+e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 336 Q
+(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
+352.8 Q F1(&>>)144 369.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 386.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
+(>>)144 403.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87
+420 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection ins\
+tructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line con\
+taining only)108 432 R F2(wor)108.34 444 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .683
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.953 F .684
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard)
-5.684 F(input for a command.)108 252 Q(The format of here-documents is:)
-108
268.8 Q F1(<<)144 285.6 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-(her)164 297.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 309.6 Q F0 .127
-(No parameter e)108 326.4 R .127
+5.684 F(input for a command.)108 456 Q(The format of here-documents is:)
+108
472.8 Q F1(<<)144 489.6 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+(her)164 501.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 513.6 Q F0 .128
+(No parameter e)108 530.4 R .127
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127
-(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
-338.4 Q F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G
-1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
+(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
+542.4 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G
+1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
-(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n)
--3.274 E F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904
-(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 350.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
--.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695
-(subjected to parameter e)108 362.4 R .695
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194
-(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F
-(character sequence)108 374.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
+(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n)
+-3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905
+(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 554.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
+-.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694
+(subjected to parameter e)108 566.4 R .695
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195
+(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F
+(character sequence)108 578.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)
-2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
-(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
+2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+(If the redirection operator is)108 595.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 403.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
+ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 607.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 420 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(Av)108 432 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<)
-144 448.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 465.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 624 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5
+(Av)108 636 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<)
+144 652.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 669.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
F0(is e)2.5 E
(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 482.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-494.4 Q([)144 511.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 528 R(If)5.127 E F2
-(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
-(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-540 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 552 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99
-E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649
-<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)
-2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 564 Q
-(The operator)108 580.8 Q([)144 597.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 614.4 R
-(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 626.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
-4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 638.4 R 2.596
-(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
-2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
-(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 650.4 Q
-(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([)144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A
-F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
-(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
-(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
--3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2
-(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5
-E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2008 April 5)148.455 E(23)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
+(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 686.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
+698.4 Q([)144 715.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E
-([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G
-.285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 .285
-(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)
--2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1
-(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
-A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-192 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+-.35 E .126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 84 R(If)
+5.127 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G
+.127(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F
+(by)108 96 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)
+-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)
+-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)
+-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 108 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor)
+2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.649 E F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1
+(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15
+(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 120 Q
+(The operator)108 136.8 Q([)144 153.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A
+(d)-.37 E F0 .444
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 170.4 R
+(If)5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 182.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor)
+4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 194.4 R 2.597
+(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096
+(is omitted, and)2.596 F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
+2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
+(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 206.4 Q
+(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 223.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 235.2 Q([)144 252 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A
+F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
+(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)
+-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1
+(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 280.8 Q F1(digit)5
+E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(Similarly)108 297.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 314.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 331.2 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1
+(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0
+2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1(n)2.785 E F0
+.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 343.2 Q F2
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 360 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 372 Q([)144 388.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A
+F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+405.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor)
-108 204 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
+108 417.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.173
-E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 434.4 Q F1(Aliases)108 446.4 Q F0(allo)3.174
+E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0
-(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
-E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
-(check)108 268.8 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
-(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
-F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0
-1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
--3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.12
-(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
-(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.296(not e)108 316.8 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
-(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 328.8 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
-(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
--3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 458.4 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0
+(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 470.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
+1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
+F(check)108 482.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
+(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
+F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 494.4 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0
+1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
+-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 506.4 R 1.119
+(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
+(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 518.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
+F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.295(not e)108 530.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
+(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 542.4 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
+(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
+-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 554.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 571.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .284
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 588 R .284
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
-108 386.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
-(Aliases are not e)108 403.2 R 1.22
+108 600 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
+(Aliases are not e)108 616.8 R 1.22
(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22
-(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 628.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .436
+E .435
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-432 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1(wa)
--.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337
-(one complete line of input before e)108 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
+645.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338
+(one complete line of input before e)108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
-(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 456 S .904
-(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
+(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 669.6 S .904
+(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
-(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161
-(another command does not tak)108 468 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G
-1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
-1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277
-(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 480 R .277
+(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
+(another command does not tak)108 681.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
+G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
+1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277
+(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 693.6 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
-2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108
-492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699
-(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is\
- e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 504 R
-.494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084
-(tion are not a)108 516 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
-(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584
-(cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F
--.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
-(rate line, and do not use)108 528 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 544.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
--2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3
-(FUNCTIONS)72 561.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 573.6 S .968
-(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 585.6 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
-(mands associated with that function name is e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
-(shell; no ne)108 609.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
-F .64(function is e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
+2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108
+705.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F
+.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
+n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 717.6
+R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F 1.4
+(tion are not a)108 729.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.4
+(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.9
+(cuted. T).15 F 3.9(ob)-.8 G 3.9(es)-3.9 G 1.4(afe, al)-3.9 F -.1(wa)-.1
+G 1.4(ys put alias de\214nitions on a).1 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E(separate line, and do not use)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(ra)
+.15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 117.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 129.6 S .967
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F
+1.002(later e)108 141.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002
+(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\
+t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108
+153.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15
+F .036(shell; no ne)108 165.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
+(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
+F .639(function is e)108 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 633.6
-R F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533
-(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F
-1.018(ment of the)108 645.6 R F4(FUNCN)3.518 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)
-3.268 G 1.017
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 189.6
+R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532
+(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F
+1.017(ment of the)108 201.6 R F3(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)
+3.267 G 1.017
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.517(cuting. All).15 F 1.285
-(other aspects of the shell e)108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285
+(other aspects of the shell e)108 213.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285
(cution en).15 F 1.285
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4
-F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 2.03(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.53 E(UG)-.09
-E F0(and)4.28 E F2(RETURN)4.53 E F0 2.029
-(traps \(see the description of the)4.53 F F2(trap)4.529 E F0 -.2(bu)
-4.529 G 2.029(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.529 E -.09(BU)108 681.6 S(IL)
-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479
+F -.15(ex)108 225.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F3(DEB)4.529 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029
+(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu)
+4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 237.6 S(IL).09
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(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
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--3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663
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-(return immediately with an e)108 120 Q
+(return immediately with an e)108 348 Q
(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72
-136.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 148.8 S 4.568(bc)
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-(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 160.8 Q F3 -.37(re)C
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-(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702
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+-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702
(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702
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--.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 172.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+-.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 400.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
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(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784
(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1
+(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 429.6 R F1
(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341
-(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F3(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E
-(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 213.6
-Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 230.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
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(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
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4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8
-(To f)108 288 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7
+(To f)108 516 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7
F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87
-(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871
+(notion of a)108 528 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871
(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E
-(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346
-(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F3(for)3.847 E -.4(eg)
--.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)
--.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146
-(group ID dif)108 336 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
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+(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 552 Q F4
+(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for)3.847
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+(group ID dif)108 564 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .041
-(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .042
+(ground processes are allo)108 576 R .042
(wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .042
(Background processes which attempt to)5.042 F 1.64
-(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 360 R F4 1.639
+(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 588 R F3 1.639
(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.14 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 1.639
(signal by the terminal dri)3.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.439 -.4(r, w).15 H
-(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 372 Q 1.087
-(If the operating system on which)108 388.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
+(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 600 Q 1.087
+(If the operating system on which)108 616.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 400.8 S
-.302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically)
+(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 628.8 S
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3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 412.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
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2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895
-(background, the)108 448.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
+(background, the)108 676.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z)
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(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
-108 472.8 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 489.6 R 1.097
+108 700.8 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 717.6 R 1.097
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F 1.097(The character)6.097 F
F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.097(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.097 E(number)
-108 501.6 Q F3(n)3.13 E F0 .27(may be referred to as)3.01 F F1(%n)2.77 E
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(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the name used to start)
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-E F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.777 E 5.277
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-(he other hand, refers to an)-2.88 F 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)-2.88 E .623
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-(in its command line.)3.123 F .622
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(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.122 E F0
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-1.209(as in the fore)-.1 F 1.208(ground or started in the background.)
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+(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F(The)6.208 E F2(pr)4.958 E
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2.987 E F0 .487(command\), the current job is al)2.987 F -.1(wa)-.1 G
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-.15(nd the pre)-2.65 F .15(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 5.15
-(.A)C .15(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .15
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(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to)-.15 F(the current job)108
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-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 614.4 R
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+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 184.8 R
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-(option to)2.657 F(the)108 679.2 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G
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(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15
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(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
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(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
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(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
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(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
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(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 244.8 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 256.8 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 268.8 Q F0
-(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 280.8 Q F0
+(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 463.2 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 475.2 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 487.2 Q F0
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(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144
-292.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 304.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
-(\\r)144 316.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 328.8 Q F0
+511.2 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
+-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 523.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 535.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 547.2 Q F0
(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0
(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
-340.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
-144 352.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
-(\\@)144 364.8 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
-(\\A)144 376.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
-(\\u)144 388.8 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
-400.8 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 412.8 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
+559.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
+144 571.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
+(\\@)144 583.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
+(\\A)144 595.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
+(\\u)144 607.2 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
+619.2 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 631.2 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G
-(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 424.8 Q F0(the current w)26 E
+(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 643.2 Q F0(the current w)26 E
(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0
-(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\W)144 436.8 Q F0
+(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\W)144 655.2 Q F0
(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25
-E F1(\\!)144 448.8 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
-(\\#)144 460.8 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)
-144 472.8 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
+E F1(\\!)144 667.2 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
+(\\#)144 679.2 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)
+144 691.2 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E
-(\\)144 484.8 Q F4(nnn)A F0
-(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\\\\)144 496.8 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 508.8 Q
-F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which co\
-uld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)
-180 520.8 Q F1(\\])144 532.8 Q F0
+(\\)144 703.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0
+(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F1
+(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\[)144 84 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a seq\
+uence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a termin\
+al)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)180 96 Q F1(\\])144 108 Q F0
(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .119
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 549.6 R
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 124.8 R
.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\
n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 561.6 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
-(belo)108 573.6 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
- the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 585.6 R
+tory \214le \(see)108 136.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162
+E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 148.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is t\
+he position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 160.8 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 597.6 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 172.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 609.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
-F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E F2(READLINE)72 626.4 Q F0 .151
+F(description of the)108 184.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
+-.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 201.6 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 638.4 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .066(is gi)108 650.4 R -.15
+108 213.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .066(is gi)108 225.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.566(na).15 G 2.566(ts)-2.566 G .066(hell in)-2.566 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G 2.566(cation. By).2 F(def)2.566 E .066
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F
-2.567(Av)5.067 G(i-style)-2.567 E .566(line editing interf)108 662.4 R
+2.567(Av)5.067 G(i-style)-2.567 E .566(line editing interf)108 237.6 R
.566(ace is also a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.065(ilable. T).25 F 3.065(ot)
-.8 G .565(urn of)-3.065 F 3.065(fl)-.25 G .565
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.065 F F1 .565
-(+o emacs)3.065 F F0(or)108 674.4 Q F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)
+(+o emacs)3.065 F F0(or)108 249.6 Q F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)
-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline Notation)87 691.2 Q F0 .567
-(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 703.2
+(Readline Notation)87 266.4 Q F0 .567
+(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 278.4
R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.068 G .568
-(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153
-(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 715.2 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E
-F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F
-F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 727.2 S .83
-(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65
-(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33
-(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831
-(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H
-.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2008 April 5)148.455 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .6(ESC the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .6(meta pr)3.1 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F1(x)A F0
-.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F1(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
+(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E
+F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 290.4 R(Similarly)
+6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
+(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652
+(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)
+108 302.4 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G
+2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33
+E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1
+H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05
+H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 314.4 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0
+.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 96 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
-(hile pressing the).15 E F1(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
-.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
-(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F1(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 343.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho)
-108 124.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
+108 355.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 136.8 R 1.018
-(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E
-F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 148.8 Q
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 367.2 R 1.018
+(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
+1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 379.2 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 165.6 R F1
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 396 R F4
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F1
-(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 177.6 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4
+(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 408 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
+.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 189.6 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
-.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 420 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
+(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 201.6 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 218.4 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\
-ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108
-230.4 R F1(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 242.4 R .196(en from the v)
--.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0
--.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F1(~/.inputr)2.696
+108 432 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 448.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
+tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 460.8
+R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092
+(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 472.8 R .196(en from the v)
+-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G
+2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
+(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696
E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\
es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\
-nd the k)108 254.4 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25
-(va)108 266.4 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)
+nd the k)108 484.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25
+(va)108 496.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)
6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149
(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736
-(lines are ignored.)108 278.4 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
-(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
-(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .737
-(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 290.4 R
+(lines are ignored.)108 508.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
+(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
+(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737
+(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 520.8 R
(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E
-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 307.2 R .987(ault k)-.1 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F1(inputr)
+(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 537.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)
3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
-(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 319.2 Q
-(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 336 S 2.5(re).15 G
-(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 364.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
-376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 388.8
-Q F1(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
-(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1
+(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 549.6 Q
+(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 566.4 S 2.5(re).15 G
+(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25
+G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 595.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
+607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 619.2
+Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
+(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4
(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)
-108 405.6 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F
-F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1
-(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0
-(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 417.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1
-(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G
-(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209
-(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 434.4 R .209(ws k)-.25
+108 636 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F4
+-.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)
+3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73
+E F4(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 648 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4(SPC)2.5 E
+F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F4
+-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209
+(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 664.8 R .209(ws k)-.25
F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209
(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)
--.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 446.4 Q F1(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2
-(Readline K)87 463.2 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366
-(The syntax for controlling k)108 475.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366
-(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366
+-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 676.8 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1
+(Readline K)87 693.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366
+(The syntax for controlling k)108 705.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366
+(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366
(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the)
-5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 487.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)
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-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383
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+G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913
+-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 120 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 156 R F1
-(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
+144 400.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF .541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 412.8 Q F0(\).)A F1
+(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 424.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 436.8 R
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(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 168 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 180 Q F0 .253
-(Controls whether readline be)144 192 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0
+144 448.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
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+(Controls whether readline be)144 472.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15
+F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0
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-(can be set to either)144 204 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 216 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to)
-144 228 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+(can be set to either)144 484.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
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+(When set to)144 508.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 240 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 252 Q F0(If set to)144 264 Q
-F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 520.8 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)
+-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 532.8 Q F0(If set to)144
+544.8 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E
(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.)
--.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 276 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G
-(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 288 R F1(on)3.993 E F0
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3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\
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-(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0
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-Q F0 .462(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 324 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963
-F .463(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
-(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 336 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
-(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
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+(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 616.8 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 628.8 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
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(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
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- ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396
-Q F0 .228(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
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-(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
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-(synon)144 432 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 444 Q
-(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\
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-(ing the character as a command.)144 468 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
-(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
-(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 480 Q F2
-(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 492 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
-504 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
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-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 516 R F0 2.568(,a)C
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-(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 540 Q(fects the def)-.25
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-(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 564 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
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-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
-(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 600 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
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(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 624
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(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192
(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E 1.023
(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.)
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3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\
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-(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808
-(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mor)3.308 E
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-(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
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-(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\
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+(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A
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+(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\
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-F(order)144 144 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
-E F1(sho)108 156 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .477
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(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on)
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(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
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-(sho)108 204 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
-(This alters the def)144 216 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 504 R(bell.)144 516 Q F1
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+(This alters the def)144 540 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 228 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C
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-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 240 R 3.539
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(yp)-.15 G 1.039
(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F
3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\
-s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 252 Q F1
-(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 264 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)
+s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 576 Q F1
+(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)
3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346
(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846
(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
-(when listing possible completions.)144 288 Q F1
-(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 304.8 Q F0 .05
-(Readline implements a f)108 316.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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+(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 628.8 Q F0 .05
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-(which allo)108 328.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
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(indings and v).15 F .096
(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096
-(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
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-(or the application using readline.)144 369.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477
+(or the application using readline.)144 693.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477
(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477
(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F
-(are required to isolate it.)144 381.6 Q F1(mode)144 398.4 Q F0(The)
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+(are required to isolate it.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
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-(mode. This)180 410.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F
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-(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 434.4
-Q F1(term)144 451.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
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(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 463.2 R
+(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 148.8 R
.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 475.2 Q F1(=)3.232
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 160.8 Q F1(=)3.232
E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\
minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180
-
487.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
+
172.8 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255whole\255line)108 84 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 400.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-96 Q F1(kill\255w)108 108 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 120 R .728
+412.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 424.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 436.8 R .728
(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 132 S
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 448.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 144 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 156 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
-E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 168 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 180 R .364
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 460.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 472.8 Q(ord behind point.)
+-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .364
(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-192 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 204 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
-216 R .166
+508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)
+144 532.8 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 228 Q
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 240 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 252 Q F1(kill\255r)108 264
-Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 276 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 288 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
-144 300 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
+580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re)
+-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
+F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 312 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 324 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
-2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
--.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 336
-Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 348 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Cop)144 360 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
-F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
--.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
--.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 372 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 384 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 396 S
-(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 408 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 420 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.8(yt)
+-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E
+(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144
+652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E
+(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008
+(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25
+E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G
+(ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q
+F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer at point.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(39)
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 436.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 448.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 460.8 R .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 484.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779
-(This is another w)144 496.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+-.15 E(ati)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779
+(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-508.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-520.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 532.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 544.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 556.8 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 232.8 Q .378
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 568.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
-(Completing)87 585.6 Q(complete \(T)108 597.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 609.6 R 1.137
+(Completing)87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 621.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 633.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+144 309.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 645.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 657.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 669.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 681.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 693.6 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(menu\255complete)108 84 Q F0 .929
-(Similar to)144 96 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929
-(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193
-(possible completions.)144 108 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
+381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
+405.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
+F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
+1.193(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 120 R .828
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 132 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
-(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
-(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E
-F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 144 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
+.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+(positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 156 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
-E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)
--.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 168 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 180 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 192 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
-2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-204 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 216 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 228 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 240 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q
+E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
+5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
+(ault.)-.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 477.6 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 489.6 R
+.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
+2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 501.6 R -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
+(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
+(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 513.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 525.6 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 537.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 549.6 Q
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 561.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 264 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q
+(complete\255user)108 573.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 585.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 288 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q
+108 597.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 609.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-312 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q
+621.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144
+633.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1(possible\255v)108 645.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 336 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 360 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 384 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 396 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 669.6 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 681.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 408 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 420 R .581
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 693.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 705.6 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 84 Q F0
+.58(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 432 R
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 108 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 444 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 456 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 132 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 144 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 480 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 168 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 504 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 516 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+(for possible completion matches.)144 180 Q F1(dab)108 192 Q(br)-.1 E
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 204 R .611
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
+(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 216 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 228 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 528 R(the list is a)144 540 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+in braces so)144 240 R(the list is a)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 556.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 580.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 268.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 280.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 292.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 592.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 604.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 316.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 616.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 628.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 640.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F1(Miscellaneous)87 657.6 Q -.18(re)108 669.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 681.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
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-(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5
-(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 96 R F2(x)
-4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755
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+E F0(Re-e)144 340.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 352.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(Miscellaneous)87 369.6 Q -.18(re)108 381.6 S<ad72>.18 E
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+(Read in the contents of the)144 393.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
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+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 429.6 R
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(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 108 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 120 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 132 Q
+(uppercase character)144 477.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 489.6 Q
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(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 156 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 168 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 180 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F
-3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
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+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 525.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 537.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 549.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 192 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 204 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 216 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 561.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 573.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 585.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 228 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 240 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
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+(Set the mark to the point.)144 609.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 252 Q F0(Sw)144
-264 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
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+144 633.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
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-144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
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-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 312 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 324 Q
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+144 681.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 693.6 Q
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3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
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-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 348 Q F1
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-2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 384 Q .098
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097
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-.321(the characters at the be)144 396 R .321
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72
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(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
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--.25 F 1.014(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 408 R F1
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-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
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-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 444 Q -.15
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+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 168 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 480
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 180 Q
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R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
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-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 504 R .372
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371
+ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 216 Q
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(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 516 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 240 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 528 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 540 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 552 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
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.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 564 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
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.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 576 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 588 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 600 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
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-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 612 Q
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0
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-(Print all of the settable readline v)144 636 R 1.799
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 648 R .304
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+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 324 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
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(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 660 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 672 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 684 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 696 Q
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 384 Q(c)-.37 E F0
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+(Print all of the readline k)144 408 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
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-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(display\255shell\255v)108 84 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 96 Q
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+(\214le.)144 432 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 444 Q
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(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
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-124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 472.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
+484.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
+F2(compspec)108 496.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
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--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 148.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .334
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+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 525.6 R .333
(If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is)
-5.333 F .587
-(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 177.6 R
-3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586
-(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18
-(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 189.6 R
-1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F
-(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 201.6 Q
+5.334 F .587
+(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 537.6 R
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+(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.181
+(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 549.6 R
+1.18(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F
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(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\
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+ is used to generate the list of matching w)108 578.4 R 3.317(ords. If)
-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108
-230.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3
+590.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E
-.463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 247.2
-R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 259.2 R .596
-(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
+.464(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 607.2
+R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
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+(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 271.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 288 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 631.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 648 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G
.085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>2.585 E F0 .085
(option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G
-(rds).1 E .844(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 300 R
-.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.343 E F0
-.843(shell v)3.093 F .843(ariable is)-.25 F
-(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 312 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE)
-2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 328.8 Q .32
-(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F F1
-<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
-(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 340.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+(rds).1 E .843(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 660 R
+.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.344 E F0
+.844(shell v)3.094 F .844(ariable is)-.25 F
+(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 672 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE)
+2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 688.8 Q .321
+(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F
+F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
+(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
+700.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
-.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 352.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-364.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
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+(using brace e)108 712.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
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-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 388.8 Q
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(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
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-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
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-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
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+(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 196.8 Q .094
(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
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--2.93
8 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
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7 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
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-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 530.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
-(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108
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-(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F
-F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
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-(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858
-(stitution. It)108 571.2 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
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-5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 583.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
-.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 600 R
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-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 612 R
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-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
-(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 624 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
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-(After the optional w)108 129.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4
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--.1 E F1(x)108 230.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
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+(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144
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(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
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-F .666(be quoted in)144 278.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)
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3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
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-(g)108 326.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
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-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 338.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
--.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218
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--.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089
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415.2 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F1<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3
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136.8 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F1<adad>3.8 E F0 1.3
(to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3
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-(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
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+(plied without a)144 112.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
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-F1(compopt)108
405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(compopt)108
141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 417.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447
+(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447
(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447
-(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 429.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 441.6 Q F2(name)
-3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
+(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726
+(completion if no)144 165.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
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+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F2(name)
+3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 453.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v)
-108 470.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
+108 206.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a)
-.25 F F2(name)108 482.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
-2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 499.2 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 511.2 R 1.754
+.25 F F2(name)108 218.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
+2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 235.2 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 247.2 R 1.753
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
-(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 523.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
-1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
+(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754
+(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 259.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
+1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
-(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .668
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 535.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.168('l)-.74 G .668(oop\) is resumed.)-3.168 F .667
-(The return v)5.667 F .667(alue is 0 unless the)-.25 F(shell is not e)
-144 547.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0
-(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 564 Q(e)-.18 E F0
-([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108
-576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264
-(Declare v)144 588 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)
-3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G
-1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 600 S
-3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
-(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
-(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
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-(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When)
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+(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is)
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+(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
+(typeset)108 312 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5
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+(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25
+(va)144 336 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982
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6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name)
-3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib)
-144 624 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15
-(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15
-(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 636 R .046
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.04
6 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1
-(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047
-(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 648 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863
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-(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362
-E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\
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--.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 672 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E
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-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
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--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 261.6 Q -.25
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(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
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+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
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(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
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(is an arithmetic e)3.854 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
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-(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
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+(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
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(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
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.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
--.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 520.8 Q F0 1.164
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(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
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--.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144
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-(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
-(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 638.4 Q F2(+)144 650.4 Q F1(n)A
-F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0
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+(railing line from each line read.).15 E F1<ad75>144 451.2 Q F0
+(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
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+(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 E(If not supplied with an e)144 508.8 Q
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+Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F
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+(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 614.4 Q F1(+)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A
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.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
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(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
--.65 E F5(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 674.4 Q F1(n)A F0
-(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0
-1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25
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-E F0 .415(returns f)144 715.2 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
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-(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 727.2 Q
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+(zero. F)180 662.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F5(popd -0)2.5 E F0
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(guments)-.37 E F0 .372(to the standard output under the control of the)
2.872 F F2(format)2.872 E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0
1.804(is a character string which contains three types of objects: plai\
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+n characters, which are simply)144 108 R .158
(copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con)
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-(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 144 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424
-(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F2(printf)2.924 E F0 .424
-(\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F1(printf)2.923 E F0
-.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976
+f the ne)144 132 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)3.149 E
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(sequences in the corresponding)144 156 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E F0
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-(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F1
-(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 168 Q F1(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo)
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-(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921
+(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F1
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(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 180 Q F0(causes)
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-(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131
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(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 192 Q(The)
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-(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E
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F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F
-(standard output.)144 228 Q(The)144 252 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923
-(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E
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(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
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-.033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
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(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
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(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 292.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 304.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
-2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
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--.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 328.8 R 1.316
-(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
-(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
-(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
+2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\
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(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 340.8 R 5.871(.A)
--.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 352.8 Q
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F1<ad6e>144 364.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
(only the stack is manipulated.)180 376.8 Q F1(+)144 388.8 Q F2(n)A F0
-1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
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+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
-.25 F F1(dirs)180 400.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 412.8 Q F2(n)A F0
.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
F F1(dirs)180 424.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 436.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 453.6
-R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 465.6 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
-1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-477.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
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-(speci\214ed ne)144 489.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 453.6
+R F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)
+2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488
+(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039
+(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 465.6 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G
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+489.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108
+506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 518.4 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
530.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 542.4 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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+(enabled. If)144 542.4 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 554.4 R -.25(va)
-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 566.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 583.2 S
(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2(aname)
<ad74>-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the st\
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-.516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 607.2 Q F1
-<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
-(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
-.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E
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+(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G
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F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 631.2 R .54(wer w)-.25
-F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
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-(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
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(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 655.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
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+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891
+(be used to remo)144 655.2 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15
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(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
(Options, if supplied, ha)144 667.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 679.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 691.2 R 1.049
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 679.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
+(The w)180 691.2 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 703.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q
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-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(delim)2.5 E F0(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372
+F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
-(sed)-2.87
3 E(to obtain the line.)180 120 Q F1<ad69>144 132 Q F2(te)2.5
-E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
+2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G
+(sed)-2.87
2 E(to obtain the line.)180 120 Q F1<ad69>144 132 Q F2(te)2.5
+E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
-.25 F(ing be)180 144 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 168 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
-(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
-(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 168 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
+(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
-.1 F(input.)180 180 Q F1<ad70>144 192 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 204 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
-3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
+(Display)180 204 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
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(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 216 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 228 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+<ad72>144 228 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
-5.543 F(the line.)180 240 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
-.25 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 264 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 276 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
-(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
+<ad74>144 264 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 276 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G
+(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 288 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42
-(fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.92 G(ad).18 E F0 .42
-(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 300 Q F1
-<ad75>144 312 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E
-F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 328.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+180 288 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997
+(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing)
+-.25 E .063(the decimal point.)180 300 R .064(This option has no ef)
+5.063 F .064(fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.564 G(ad).18 E F0 .064
+(is not reading input from the terminal)2.564 F(or a pipe.)180 312 Q F1
+<ad75>144 324 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E
+F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 340.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
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-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 352.8 Q
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E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)
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-F F1<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0 .796
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(The)5.796 E F1<ad70>3.296 E F0 .796(option causes output to be)3.296 F
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-(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 530.4 R F2(n)3.106
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-(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 542.4 R .082
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+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 214.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
+180 226.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 238.8 S -.18
+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 250.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
-180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
+E 2.5(2a)144 262.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
+180 274.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
-214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 286.8 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
+298.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
-.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q
+.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 310.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 250.8 R .023
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 322.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 334.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 262.8 Q
-1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
+.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 346.8 Q
+1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
-(using the \214rst and third ar)180 274.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
--.18 F(The)5.513 E F
2<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F2<ad6f>3.013 E F0
-.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 286.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
--.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 298.8
-R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18
-F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875
-(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
-180 322.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385
-(If the \214rst ar)180 346.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.885 E F0
-2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384
-(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 358.8 R 4.147
-(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648
+(using the \214rst and third ar)180 358.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
+-.18 F(The)5.513 E F
1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0
+.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
+(binary operators when there are three ar)180 370.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
+-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
+3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 382.8
+R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
+(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18
+F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 394.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
+(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874
+(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
+180 406.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
+-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 418.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
+(If the \214rst ar)180 430.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
+2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385
+(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
+-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 442.8 R 4.147
+(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 370.8 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 382.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
--.18 E 1.635(The e)180 394.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F
+(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)
+-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 466.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
+-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 478.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2(times)108 423.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \
+490.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 507.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \
accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\
-rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 435.6 Q F2(trap)108
-452.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 464.4 R F1(ar)
-3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F1(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F1
-(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single)
-144
476.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F2<ad>3.108 E
+rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 519.6 Q F1(trap)108
+536.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
+(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 548.4 R F2(ar)
+3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
+(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
+(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
+(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
+144
560.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.659(\(the v)144 488.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
-(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec)
-144.34 500.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
-3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F2<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 512.4 R
-F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 524.4 R F2<ad70>3.36
-E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
+.658(\(the v)144 572.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
+(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
+144.34 584.4 Q F0 .581
+(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
+-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
+(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 596.4 R
+F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 608.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
+E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144
536.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
-to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
-(bers. Each)144 548.4 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745
-(names are case insensiti)144 560.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
-(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F1(sigspec)
+(signal. The)144
620.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
+to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
+4.311(bers. Each)144 632.4 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
+(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
+(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E .745
+(names are case insensiti)144 644.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
+(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec)
3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F
-F1(ar)144.33 572.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629
-(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F1
-(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63
-(the command)3.88 F F1(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 584.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1
-1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E
-F1(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F1(select)3.706 E F0 1.206
-(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)144
-596.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 608.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666
-(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F2(extdeb)2.666
-E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the)
-144 620.4 R F2(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E
-F1(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508
-(the command)2.758 F F1(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .509(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509
-(imple com-)-3.009 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 632.4 R 2.506
+F2(ar)144.33 656.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63
+(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2
+(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.629
+(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)144 668.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15
+E F2 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,)
+3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.707 E F0 1.207
+(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144
+680.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 692.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665
+(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666
+E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)
+2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the)
+144 704.4 R F1(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E
+F2(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508
+(the command)2.758 F F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .508(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508
+(imple com-)-3.008 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 716.4 R 2.506
(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F
(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144
-644.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
+728.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
-(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2(until)2.605 E F0 -.1
-(ke)144 656.4 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)
-3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.549(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef>
-3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 668.4 R 3.077
-(sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578
-(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F2
-(err)144 680.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F1
-(sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531
-(the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316
-(or a script e)144 692.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2
-(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G
-.317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F
-.317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787
-(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 704.4 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787
-(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
-(original v)144 716.4 R 1.1
-(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1
-(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)
-3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 728.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0
-(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5
-E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G
-(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 108 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
-F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
-(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .087
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
-(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
-(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
-<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666
-(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.613 E
-F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113
-(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2
-(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112
-(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>2.612 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1<ad50>
-2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444
-(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4
--.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the)
-4.945 F F1<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1
-(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18
-G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426
-(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426
-(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427
-(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using)
-144 216 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0
-.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1
-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
-(returns true if an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ar)-2.5 E
-(guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108
-244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E
-F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+-.35 E -.1(ke)144 84 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F
+/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.059 E F0 .549
+(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .549(cuted in a)
+.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F3 10/Symbol SF
+<efef>3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .578(the command')144 96 R
+3.078(sr)-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F .578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15
+(ve)-.4 G .578(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.078 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577
+(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.577 F .577(yed by the)-.15 F F2
+(err)144 108 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.03(option. If)3.03 F(a)3.03 E F1
+(sigspec)3.37 E F0(is)3.341 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.031 E/F5 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .531(the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E
+F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .531
+(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .317(or a script e)144 120 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2
+(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F .316(ignored upon entry to)
+2.817 F .787(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 132 R -.35(Tr)
+5.787 G .787
+(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
+(original v)144 144 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
+-.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1
+(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 156 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
+.25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.673 E F1(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F2<ad74>144 196.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 208.8 Q F0 .086
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 220.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 232.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 244.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
+F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F4 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 256.8 R F1(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
+-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
+.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E
+F0(and)144 268.8 Q F2<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4
+-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F5(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F2<ad61>2.944
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 280.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
+(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
+144 292.8 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
+(consulted when using)144 304.8 R F2<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+-5.548 E F2<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 316.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
+(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 333.6
+Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 345.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 357.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 369.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 381.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F2<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+393.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 405.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 429.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
-<ad61>144
364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
-376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F1<ad63>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F1<ad64>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 412.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 424.8 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 441.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
+<ad61>144
453.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
+465.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 477.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 501.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 513.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F1<ad69>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1<ad6e>144 472.8 Q F0 .791(The \
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 537.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 549.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2<ad6e>144 561.6 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 484.8 Q F1<ad70>144 496.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 508.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F
1<ad72>144
-
520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144
-532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 544.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 556.8 Q
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+573.6 Q F2<ad70>144 585.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
+<ad71>144 597.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F
2<ad72>144
+
609.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
+621.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 645.6 Q
F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 568.8 Q F0
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 657.6 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 580.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 592.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F2<ad78>144 669.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2<ad54>144 681.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 E
F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
-(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F
1<ad61>
+(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F
2<ad61>
2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
-.175(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 633.6
-Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
-(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+.176(option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>
+2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2
+<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 722.4
+Q F2<ad70>3.563 E F0 3.563(,w)C 1.063
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-3.563 F F2<ad54>3.564 E F0(,)
+A F2<ad62>3.564 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>3.564 E F0 3.564(,a)C(nd)-3.564 E F2
+<ad75>3.564 E F0 3.564(,w)C 1.064(hich are unscaled)-3.564 F
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 65 65
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583
+(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F -.25(va)-.4 G .583
+(lid option or ar).25 F .583(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18
+F(while setting a ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-710.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F
-(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2008 April 5)148.455 E(63)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .552
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 96 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
-.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155
-F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655
-(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.107
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F1(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
-.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F2<ad76>144 177.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.304(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F2<ad66>144 189.6 Q F0 .46
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F1(name)3.32 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 201.6 R .902
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
+(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
+(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
+F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
+F(remo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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+Q 2.5(Ad)108 578.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
+E 2.5(As)108 590.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
+G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F3(bashb)108.27 607.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-559.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
-E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 576 S
-(GS).11 E F0(It')108 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65
-(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.869
-(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)
-4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868
-(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 616.8 Q F0
-(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 633.6 Q
-(Shell b)108 650.4 Q
+624 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E
+F3 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 640.8 S
+(GS).11 E F0(It')108 652.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E
+-.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 669.6 R 1.868
+(ferences between)-.25 F F1(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)
+4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869
+(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 681.6 Q F0
+(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 698.4 Q
+(Shell b)108 715.2 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
-1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .39
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 679.2 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
-(mand in the sequence.)108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
-place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)
--.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q .956
-(Commands inside of)108 720 R F3($\()3.456 E F0(...)A F3(\))A F0 .956
-(command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted.)
-3.456 F .955(This will)5.955 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2008 April 5)
-148.455 E(65)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 66 66
+(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 67 67
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .567
+-.35 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b\
+ ; c' are not handled gracefully when)108 84 R .389
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 96 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
+108 108 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of com\
+mands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
+(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 120 Q .955
+(Commands inside of)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\()3.455 E F0
+(...)A F1(\))A F0 .956
+(command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted.)
+3.455 F .956(This will)5.956 F .567
(delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered.)108
-84 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .568(xample, unmatched parentheses,)
--3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 96 T 2.5(ni).25 G(nside shell comments, wi\
-ll result in error messages while the construct is being read.)-2.5 E
-(Array v)108 112.8 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15
-E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2008 April 5)148.455 E(66)198.445 E 0 Cg EP
+148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .567
+(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 160.8 T 2.5
+(ni).25 G(nside shell comments, will result in error messages while the\
+ construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 177.6 Q
+(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72
+768 Q(2008 May 25)147.345 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Compound Commands-pg}{9}
@xrdef{Compound Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4}
@xrdef{Looping Constructs-title}{Looping Constructs}
-@xrdef{Looping Constructs-pg}{9}
+@xrdef{Looping Constructs-pg}{10}
@xrdef{Looping Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.1}
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-title}{Conditional Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-pg}{10}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters}
-@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{15}
+@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{16}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{16}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{17}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion}
-@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.3}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution}
-@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{21}
+@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands}
-@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{28}
+@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{29}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion}
-@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{28}
+@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{29}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution}
-@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{29}
+@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Environment-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
-@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{31}
+@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
@xrdef{Signals-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
-@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{35}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{41}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior}
-@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{49}
+@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{50}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
-@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{49}
+@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{50}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
-@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{53}
+@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{54}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
-@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{57}
+@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{58}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{59}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{100}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{100}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{101}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{105}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{106}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{106}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{107}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{108}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{108}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{110}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{109}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{110}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{111}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{112}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{111}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{112}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{113}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{114}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{119}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{121}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{120}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{120}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{122}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{121}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{123}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{124}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{126}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{124}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{126}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{124}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{126}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{133}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{133}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{135}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{139}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{141}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{147}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{149}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{148}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{149}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{150}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{150}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{151}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{152}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{153}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{154}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
\entry{alias}{41}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{41}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{42}{\code {builtin}}
-\entry{caller}{42}{\code {caller}}
+\entry{caller}{43}{\code {caller}}
\entry{command}{43}{\code {command}}
\entry{declare}{43}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{44}{\code {echo}}
\entry{enable}{45}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{45}{\code {help}}
-\entry{let}{45}{\code {let}}
+\entry{let}{46}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{46}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{46}{\code {logout}}
+\entry{mapfile}{46}{\code {mapfile}}
\entry{printf}{46}{\code {printf}}
-\entry{read}{46}{\code {read}}
-\entry{source}{47}{\code {source}}
-\entry{type}{47}{\code {type}}
-\entry{typeset}{48}{\code {typeset}}
-\entry{ulimit}{48}{\code {ulimit}}
-\entry{unalias}{49}{\code {unalias}}
-\entry{set}{49}{\code {set}}
-\entry{shopt}{53}{\code {shopt}}
+\entry{read}{47}{\code {read}}
+\entry{source}{48}{\code {source}}
+\entry{type}{48}{\code {type}}
+\entry{typeset}{49}{\code {typeset}}
+\entry{ulimit}{49}{\code {ulimit}}
+\entry{unalias}{50}{\code {unalias}}
+\entry{set}{50}{\code {set}}
+\entry{shopt}{54}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{79}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{80}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{80}{\code {pushd}}
\entry{wait}{89}{\code {wait}}
\entry{disown}{89}{\code {disown}}
\entry{suspend}{89}{\code {suspend}}
-\entry{compgen}{113}{\code {compgen}}
-\entry{complete}{113}{\code {complete}}
-\entry{compopt}{116}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{118}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{118}{\code {history}}
+\entry{compgen}{114}{\code {compgen}}
+\entry{complete}{114}{\code {complete}}
+\entry{compopt}{117}{\code {compopt}}
+\entry{fc}{120}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{120}{\code {history}}
\entry {\code {break}}{35}
\entry {\code {builtin}}{42}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {caller}}{42}
+\entry {\code {caller}}{43}
\entry {\code {cd}}{36}
\entry {\code {command}}{43}
-\entry {\code {compgen}}{113}
-\entry {\code {complete}}{113}
-\entry {\code {compopt}}{116}
+\entry {\code {compgen}}{114}
+\entry {\code {complete}}{114}
+\entry {\code {compopt}}{117}
\entry {\code {continue}}{36}
\initial {D}
\entry {\code {declare}}{43}
\entry {\code {exit}}{36}
\entry {\code {export}}{36}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {fc}}{118}
+\entry {\code {fc}}{120}
\entry {\code {fg}}{88}
\initial {G}
\entry {\code {getopts}}{37}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {hash}}{37}
\entry {\code {help}}{45}
-\entry {\code {history}}{118}
+\entry {\code {history}}{120}
\initial {J}
\entry {\code {jobs}}{88}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {kill}}{89}
\initial {L}
-\entry {\code {let}}{45}
+\entry {\code {let}}{46}
\entry {\code {local}}{46}
\entry {\code {logout}}{46}
+\initial {M}
+\entry {\code {mapfile}}{46}
\initial {P}
\entry {\code {popd}}{80}
\entry {\code {printf}}{46}
\entry {\code {pushd}}{80}
\entry {\code {pwd}}{38}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {read}}{46}
+\entry {\code {read}}{47}
\entry {\code {readonly}}{38}
\entry {\code {return}}{38}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {set}}{49}
+\entry {\code {set}}{50}
\entry {\code {shift}}{38}
-\entry {\code {shopt}}{53}
-\entry {\code {source}}{47}
+\entry {\code {shopt}}{54}
+\entry {\code {source}}{48}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{89}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{39}
\entry {\code {times}}{40}
\entry {\code {trap}}{40}
-\entry {\code {type}}{47}
-\entry {\code {typeset}}{48}
+\entry {\code {type}}{48}
+\entry {\code {typeset}}{49}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {ulimit}}{48}
+\entry {\code {ulimit}}{49}
\entry {\code {umask}}{40}
-\entry {\code {unalias}}{49}
+\entry {\code {unalias}}{50}
\entry {\code {unset}}{41}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {wait}}{89}
\entry{command timing}{8}{command timing}
\entry{commands, lists}{9}{commands, lists}
\entry{commands, compound}{9}{commands, compound}
-\entry{commands, looping}{9}{commands, looping}
+\entry{commands, looping}{10}{commands, looping}
\entry{commands, conditional}{10}{commands, conditional}
\entry{commands, grouping}{13}{commands, grouping}
\entry{shell function}{14}{shell function}
\entry{parameters}{15}{parameters}
\entry{variable, shell}{15}{variable, shell}
\entry{shell variable}{15}{shell variable}
-\entry{parameters, positional}{15}{parameters, positional}
+\entry{parameters, positional}{16}{parameters, positional}
\entry{parameters, special}{16}{parameters, special}
\entry{expansion}{17}{expansion}
-\entry{brace expansion}{17}{brace expansion}
-\entry{expansion, brace}{17}{expansion, brace}
+\entry{brace expansion}{18}{brace expansion}
+\entry{expansion, brace}{18}{expansion, brace}
\entry{tilde expansion}{18}{tilde expansion}
\entry{expansion, tilde}{18}{expansion, tilde}
\entry{parameter expansion}{19}{parameter expansion}
\entry{expansion, parameter}{19}{expansion, parameter}
-\entry{command substitution}{21}{command substitution}
+\entry{command substitution}{22}{command substitution}
\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{22}{expansion, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic expansion}{22}{arithmetic expansion}
\entry{process substitution}{22}{process substitution}
\entry{pattern matching}{24}{pattern matching}
\entry{matching, pattern}{24}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{25}{redirection}
-\entry{command expansion}{28}{command expansion}
-\entry{command execution}{29}{command execution}
-\entry{command search}{29}{command search}
+\entry{command expansion}{29}{command expansion}
+\entry{command execution}{30}{command execution}
+\entry{command search}{30}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{30}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{31}{environment}
-\entry{exit status}{31}{exit status}
+\entry{exit status}{32}{exit status}
\entry{signal handling}{32}{signal handling}
-\entry{shell script}{32}{shell script}
-\entry{special builtin}{57}{special builtin}
+\entry{shell script}{33}{shell script}
+\entry{special builtin}{58}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{71}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{71}{interactive shell}
\entry{startup files}{71}{startup files}
\entry{kill ring}{93}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{94}{initialization file, readline}
\entry{variables, readline}{95}{variables, readline}
-\entry{programmable completion}{111}{programmable completion}
-\entry{completion builtins}{113}{completion builtins}
-\entry{History, how to use}{116}{History, how to use}
-\entry{command history}{117}{command history}
-\entry{history list}{117}{history list}
-\entry{history builtins}{117}{history builtins}
-\entry{history expansion}{119}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{120}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{120}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{123}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{123}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{123}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{123}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{programmable completion}{112}{programmable completion}
+\entry{completion builtins}{114}{completion builtins}
+\entry{History, how to use}{117}{History, how to use}
+\entry{command history}{119}{command history}
+\entry{history list}{119}{history list}
+\entry{history builtins}{119}{history builtins}
+\entry{history expansion}{121}{history expansion}
+\entry{event designators}{122}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{122}{history events}
+\entry{installation}{125}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{125}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{125}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{125}{Bash configuration}
\entry {arrays}{78}
\initial {B}
\entry {background}{87}
-\entry {Bash configuration}{123}
-\entry {Bash installation}{123}
+\entry {Bash configuration}{125}
+\entry {Bash installation}{125}
\entry {Bourne shell}{5}
-\entry {brace expansion}{17}
+\entry {brace expansion}{18}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{91}
-\entry {command execution}{29}
-\entry {command expansion}{28}
-\entry {command history}{117}
-\entry {command search}{29}
-\entry {command substitution}{21}
+\entry {command execution}{30}
+\entry {command expansion}{29}
+\entry {command history}{119}
+\entry {command search}{30}
+\entry {command substitution}{22}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
\entry {commands, conditional}{10}
\entry {commands, grouping}{13}
\entry {commands, lists}{9}
-\entry {commands, looping}{9}
+\entry {commands, looping}{10}
\entry {commands, pipelines}{8}
\entry {commands, shell}{8}
\entry {commands, simple}{8}
\entry {comments, shell}{7}
-\entry {completion builtins}{113}
-\entry {configuration}{123}
+\entry {completion builtins}{114}
+\entry {configuration}{125}
\entry {control operator}{3}
\initial {D}
\entry {directory stack}{79}
\entry {editing command lines}{91}
\entry {environment}{31}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{76}
-\entry {event designators}{120}
+\entry {event designators}{122}
\entry {execution environment}{30}
-\entry {exit status}{3, 31}
+\entry {exit status}{3, 32}
\entry {expansion}{17}
\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{22}
-\entry {expansion, brace}{17}
+\entry {expansion, brace}{18}
\entry {expansion, filename}{23}
\entry {expansion, parameter}{19}
\entry {expansion, pathname}{23}
\entry {foreground}{87}
\entry {functions, shell}{14}
\initial {H}
-\entry {history builtins}{117}
-\entry {history events}{120}
-\entry {history expansion}{119}
-\entry {history list}{117}
-\entry {History, how to use}{116}
+\entry {history builtins}{119}
+\entry {history events}{122}
+\entry {history expansion}{121}
+\entry {history list}{119}
+\entry {History, how to use}{117}
\initial {I}
\entry {identifier}{3}
\entry {initialization file, readline}{94}
-\entry {installation}{123}
+\entry {installation}{125}
\entry {interaction, readline}{91}
\entry {interactive shell}{71, 73}
\entry {internationalization}{7}
\initial {P}
\entry {parameter expansion}{19}
\entry {parameters}{15}
-\entry {parameters, positional}{15}
+\entry {parameters, positional}{16}
\entry {parameters, special}{16}
\entry {pathname expansion}{23}
\entry {pattern matching}{24}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
\entry {process substitution}{22}
-\entry {programmable completion}{111}
+\entry {programmable completion}{112}
\entry {prompting}{81}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\initial {S}
\entry {shell arithmetic}{76}
\entry {shell function}{14}
-\entry {shell script}{32}
+\entry {shell script}{33}
\entry {shell variable}{15}
\entry {shell, interactive}{73}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{32}
-\entry {special builtin}{4, 57}
+\entry {special builtin}{4, 58}
\entry {startup files}{71}
\entry {suspending jobs}{87}
\initial {T}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{103}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{103}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{103}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{103}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{103}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{103}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{103}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{103}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{103}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{104}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{104}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{104}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{104}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{104}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{104}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{104}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{104}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{104}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{104}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{104}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{104}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{105}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{105}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{105}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{105}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{105}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{105}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{105}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{105}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{105}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{105}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{105}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{106}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{106}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{106}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{106}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{106}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{106}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{106}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{106}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{106}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{106}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{106}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{106}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{106}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{107}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{107}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{107}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{107}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{107}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{107}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{107}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{107}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{108}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{108}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
-\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{108}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
-\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{108}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
-\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{108}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
-\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{108}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
-\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{108}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
-\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{108}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
-\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{108}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
-\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{108}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
-\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{108}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
-\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{108}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{108}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{108}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{109}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{109}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{109}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{109}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{109}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{109}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{109}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{109}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{109}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{109}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{109}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{109}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{109}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{110}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{110}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{110}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{110}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{110}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
-\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{110}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
-\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{110}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
-\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{110}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
-\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{110}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
-\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{110}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
-\entry{magic-space ()}{111}{\code {magic-space ()}}
-\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{111}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{111}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{111}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{111}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
-\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{111}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{104}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{104}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{104}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{104}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{104}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{104}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{104}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{104}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{104}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{105}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{105}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{105}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{105}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{105}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{105}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{105}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{105}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{105}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{105}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{105}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{105}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{106}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{106}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{106}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{106}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{106}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{106}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{106}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{106}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{106}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{106}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{106}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{107}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{107}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{107}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{107}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{107}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{107}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{107}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{107}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{107}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{107}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{107}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{107}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{107}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{108}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{108}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{108}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{108}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{108}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{108}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{108}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{108}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{109}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{109}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
+\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{109}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
+\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{109}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
+\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{109}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
+\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{109}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
+\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{109}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
+\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{109}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
+\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{109}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
+\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{109}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
+\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{109}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
+\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{109}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{109}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
+\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{109}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{110}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{110}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{110}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{110}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{110}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{110}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{110}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{110}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{110}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{110}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{110}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{110}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{110}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{111}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{111}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{111}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{111}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{111}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{111}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
+\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{111}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
+\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{111}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
+\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{111}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
+\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{111}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
+\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{112}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
+\entry{magic-space ()}{112}{\code {magic-space ()}}
+\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{112}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{112}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{112}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{112}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{112}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{112}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{105}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{106}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{103}
+\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{107}
+\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{104}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{105}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{109}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{109}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{107}
-\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{108}
-\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{106}
+\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{110}
+\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{111}
+\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{108}
+\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{109}
+\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{107}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{105}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{108}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{107}
-\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{109}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{105}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{108}
+\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{109}
+\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{109}
+\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{108}
+\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{110}
+\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{109}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{109}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{112}
+\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{110}
+\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{110}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{105}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{103}
+\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{106}
+\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{104}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{111}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{111}
-\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{104}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{104}
+\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{112}
+\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{105}
+\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{105}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{112}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{107}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{111}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{108}
\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{105}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{105}
+\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{112}
+\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{106}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{109}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{104}
+\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{110}
+\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{105}
\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{106}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{103}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{104}
+\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{110}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{105}
-\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{108}
+\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{106}
+\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{110}
\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{105}
-\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{106}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{107}
-\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{108}
+\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{106}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{104}
-\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{105}
+\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{108}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on April, 8 2008 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on May, 29 2008 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.2, 5 April 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 25 May 2008).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 3.2, last updated 5 April 2008,
+This is Edition 4.0, last updated 25 May 2008,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
-for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 3.2.
+for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.0.
</P><P>
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this
manual.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
to use it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
editing features.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
between Bash and historical
versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
A <CODE>token</CODE> that performs a control function. It is a <CODE>newline</CODE>
or one of the following:
<SAMP>`||'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>,
-<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`('</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>.
+<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`('</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>exit status</CODE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
expansions available.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
<OL>
<LI>
-Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
+Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by
<CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<P>
<LI>
-Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
+Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
-status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
+status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
represent itself.
When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
more details concerning history expansion.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
<CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
+builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option is on by default in interactive shells.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
a shell interactive.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
rest of the words being that command's arguments.
</P><P>
-The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
+The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
its exit status as provided
by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if
the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
<!--docid::SEC17::-->
<P>
-A <CODE>pipeline</CODE> is a sequence of simple commands separated by
-<SAMP>`|'</SAMP>.
+A <CODE>pipeline</CODE> is a sequence of simple commands separated by one of
+the control operators <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="IDX24"></A>
<A NAME="IDX25"></A>
<A NAME="IDX26"></A>
The format for a pipeline is
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<CODE>time</CODE> [<CODE>-p</CODE>]] [<CODE>!</CODE>] <VAR>command1</VAR> [<CODE>|</CODE> <VAR>command2</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<CODE>time</CODE> [<CODE>-p</CODE>]] [<CODE>!</CODE>] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ [<CODE>|</CODE> or <CODE>|&</CODE>] <VAR>command2</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
to the input of the next command.
-That is, each command reads the previous command's output.
+That is, each command reads the previous command's output. This
+connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
+command.
+</P><P>
+
+If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, the standard error of <VAR>command1</VAR> is connected to
+<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
+<CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>. This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+performed after any redirections specified by the command.
</P><P>
The reserved word <CODE>time</CODE> causes timing statistics
by POSIX.
The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of
shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
<CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily.
</P><P>
Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
or zero if all commands exit successfully.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>.
The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
status is 0 (true).
-When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>),
+When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>),
the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
-to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
until it evaluates to zero.
Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are
</DL>
<P>
-The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
may be used to control loop execution.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>
operator terminates a pattern list.
A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
-as a <VAR>clause</VAR>. Each clause must be terminated with <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>.
+as a <VAR>clause</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+Each clause must be terminated with <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`,&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP>.
The <VAR>word</VAR> undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
attempted. Each <VAR>pattern</VAR> undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
</P><P>
There may be an arbitrary number of <CODE>case</CODE> clauses, each terminated
-by a <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>. The first pattern that matches determines the
+by a <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP>.
+The first pattern that matches determines the
command-list that is executed.
</P><P>
echo " legs."
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+</P><P>
+
+If the <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using <SAMP>`;&'</SAMP> in place of <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> causes execution to continue with
+the <VAR>command-list</VAR> associated with the next clause, if any.
+Using <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP> in place of <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP> causes the shell to test the patterns
+in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated <VAR>command-list</VAR>
+on a successful match.
+</P><P>
+
The return status is zero if no <VAR>pattern</VAR> is matched. Otherwise, the
return status is the exit status of the <VAR>command-list</VAR> executed.
</P><P>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules
-described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>"
-</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
+</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE>
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not
If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
-environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
+environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the
<VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
effect after the subshell completes.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
</P><P>
A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE> option has been enabled with
the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin,
(in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps).
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
<CODE>trap</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
Function names and definitions may be listed with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
will list the function names only
(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
Functions may be exported so that subshells
automatically have them defined with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
shell's children.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>.
A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>.
Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command
-(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
</P><P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
+to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
operator can be used to
append to or add to the variable's previous value.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute
has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new
values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
maximum index.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit.
Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and
-unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
+unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
The positional parameters are
temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
-If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be
executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
expand a single word to a single word.
The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
</P><P>
After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
ade ace abe
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
-A sequence expression takes the form <CODE>{<VAR>x</VAR>..<VAR>y</VAR>}</CODE>,
-where <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> are either integers or single characters.
+A sequence expression takes the form <CODE>{<VAR>x</VAR>..<VAR>y</VAR>[<VAR>incr</VAR>]}</CODE>,
+where <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> are either integers or single characters,
+and <VAR>incr</VAR>, an optional increment, is an integer.
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
<VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive.
+Supplied integers may be prefixed with <SAMP>`0'</SAMP> to force each term to have the
+same width. When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
+attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
+zero-padding where necessary.
When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive. Note that
both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
+When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
</P><P>
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
-in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of
<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
<VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
</P><P>
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
<P>
After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>.
If one of these characters appears, then the word is
regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
</P><P>
-See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
+See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>,
<CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
<DD>Matches any string, including the null string.
+When the <CODE>globstar</CODE> shell option is enabled, and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is used in
+a filename expansion context, two adjacent <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>s used as a single
+pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and
+subdirectories.
+If followed by a <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, two adjacent <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>s will match only
+directories and subdirectories.
<DT><CODE>?</CODE>
<DD>Matches any single character.
<DT><CODE>[<small>...</small>]</CODE>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
<!--docid::SEC42::-->
-Bash allows both the
+This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
to be redirected to the file whose name is the
-expansion of <VAR>word</VAR> with this construct.
+expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>.
<P>
There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
-<H3> 3.6.5 Here Documents </H3>
+<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
<!--docid::SEC43::-->
+This construct allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be appended to the file whose name is the
+expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>.
+<P>
+
+The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>&>><VAR>word</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table>This is semantically equivalent to
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>>><VAR>word</VAR> 2>&1
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC44::-->
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR>
(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
-<H3> 3.6.6 Here Strings </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC44::-->
+<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC45::-->
A variant of here documents, the format is:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
-<H3> 3.6.7 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC45::-->
+<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC46::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
-<H3> 3.6.8 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC46::-->
+<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC47::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>-
</pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
-<H3> 3.6.9 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC47::-->
+<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC48::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
<A NAME="Executing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC48::-->
+<!--docid::SEC49::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
executing them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
executes commands that are not
shell builtins.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
interprets it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
receives a signal.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC49::-->
+<!--docid::SEC50::-->
<P>
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
<A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC50::-->
+<!--docid::SEC51::-->
<P>
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
<CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file
by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>
is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
-If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+function named <CODE>command_not_found_handle</CODE>.
+If that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's
+exit status becomes the exit status of the shell.
+If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
message and returns an exit status of 127.
<P>
If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
<VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC51::-->
+<!--docid::SEC52::-->
<P>
The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the
<P>
<LI>
-options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
<P>
<LI>
-shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>)
+shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
-exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC52::-->
+<!--docid::SEC53::-->
<P>
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
by that command.
</P><P>
-If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
+If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
not just those that precede the command name.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Exit Status"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC53::-->
+<!--docid::SEC54::-->
<P>
The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
<A NAME="Signals"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC54::-->
+<!--docid::SEC55::-->
<P>
When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible).
When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops.
In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>.
-If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
+If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
</P><P>
To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a
particular job, it should be removed
from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>.
</P><P>
If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
an interactive login shell exits.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC56"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC55::-->
+<!--docid::SEC56::-->
<P>
A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
are retained by the child.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC56::-->
+<!--docid::SEC57::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
optional behavior.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
POSIX.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash.
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC57::-->
+<!--docid::SEC58::-->
<P>
The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
<P>
<DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and
only if the second argument is null.
If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
is true if the unary test is true.
If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
false.
<DT>3 arguments
<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
-operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
+operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
first and third arguments as operands.
The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators
<CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before
the first command executes in a shell function.
Refer to the description of the <CODE>extglob</CODE> option to the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>ERR</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR>
is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
<A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC58::-->
+<!--docid::SEC59::-->
<P>
This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR>
whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name
and value of the alias is printed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
key and function bindings,
bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
or set a Readline variable.
Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
-Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
+Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
<SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>-x <VAR>keyseq:shell-command</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Cause <VAR>shell-command</VAR> to be executed whenever <VAR>keyseq</VAR> is
entered.
-<P>
-
+When <VAR>shell-command</VAR> is executed, the shell sets the
+<CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> variable to the contents of the Readline line
+buffer and the <CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE> variable to the current location
+of the insertion point.
+If the executed command changes the value of <CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> or
+<CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>, those new values will be reflected in the
+editing state.
</DL>
<P>
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions;
only the function name and attributes are printed.
If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
the function is defined are displayed as well.
<SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
-<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>The variable is to be treated as
-an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
performed when the variable is assigned a value.
<P>
an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>,
an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
-using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>),
+using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>),
one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name,
an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special
builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
+a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin
<DT><CODE>help</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>help [-s] [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>help [-dms] [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If <VAR>pattern</VAR> is specified, <CODE>help</CODE> gives detailed help
on all commands matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>, otherwise a list of
the builtins is printed.
-The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts the information displayed to a short
-usage synopsis.
-The return status is zero unless no command matches <VAR>pattern</VAR>.
<P>
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-d</CODE>
+<DD>Display a short description of each <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
+<DD>Display the description of each <VAR>pattern</VAR> in a manpage-like format
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Display only a short usage synopsis for each <VAR>pattern</VAR>
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+The return status is zero unless no command matches <VAR>pattern</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
<DT><CODE>let</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
-rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
+rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
otherwise 0 is returned.
<P>
parent.
<P>
-<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>mapfile</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
+-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
+if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
+The variable <CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> is the default <VAR>array</VAR>.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+<DL COMPACT>
+
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Copy at most <VAR>count</VAR> lines. If <VAR>count</VAR> is 0, all lines are copied.
+<DT><CODE>-O</CODE>
+<DD>Begin assigning to <VAR>array</VAR> at index <VAR>origin</VAR>.
+The default index is 0.
+<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
+<DD>Discard the first <VAR>count</VAR> lines read.
+<DT><CODE>-t</CODE>
+<DD>Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+<DT><CODE>-u</CODE>
+<DD>Read lines from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR> instead of the standard input.
+<DT><CODE>-C</CODE>
+<DD>Evaluate <VAR>callback</VAR> each time <VAR>quantum</VAR>P lines are read.
+The <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option specifies <VAR>quantum</VAR>.
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Specify the number of lines read between each call to <VAR>callback</VAR>.
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+If <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> is specified without <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>,
+the default quantum is 5000.
+</P><P>
+
+If not supplied with an explicit origin, <CODE>mapfile</CODE> will clear <VAR>array</VAR>
+before assigning to it.
+</P><P>
+
+<CODE>mapfile</CODE> returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+argument is supplied, or <VAR>array</VAR> is invalid or unassignable.
+</P><P>
+
+<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>read</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
<VAR>fd</VAR> supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option, and the first word
<P>
<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
-<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
+<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-i <VAR>text</VAR></CODE>
<DT><CODE>-t <VAR>timeout</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Cause <CODE>read</CODE> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
input is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
+<VAR>timeout</VAR> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+the decimal point.
This option has no effect if <CODE>read</CODE> is not reading input from the
terminal or a pipe.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
-</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>type [-afptP] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
command name.
shell functions, as with the <CODE>command</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
-The return status is zero if any of the <VAR>names</VAR> are found, non-zero
-if none are found.
+The return status is zero if all of the <VAR>names</VAR> are found, non-zero
+if any are not found.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>typeset</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the <CODE>declare</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>ulimit</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [<VAR>limit</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>unalias</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unalias [-a] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small> ]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
supplied, all aliases are removed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
</DL>
<A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC59::-->
+<!--docid::SEC60::-->
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
positional parameters.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC60::-->
+<!--docid::SEC61::-->
<P>
This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>set</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
-<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>).
+<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>emacs</CODE>
-<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>errexit</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
This option is on by default in interactive shells.
<P>
<DT><CODE>posix</CODE>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
-<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC61::-->
+<!--docid::SEC62::-->
<P>
This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [<VAR>optname</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
With no options, or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, a list of all settable
<DT><CODE>-o</CODE>
<DD>Restricts the values of
<VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
</DL>
<P>
<DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
-intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>).
+intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>).
The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
<P>
arguments to the conditional command's =~ operator.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
+if the directory name initially supplied does not exist.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>dotglob</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of filename expansion.
<DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE>
<DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>.
This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<OL>
<LI>
-The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
name supplied as an argument.
<P>
<LI>
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their
-descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>globstar</CODE>
+<DD>If set, the pattern <SAMP>`**'</SAMP> used in a filename expansion context will
+match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+If the pattern is followed by a <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, only directories and
+subdirectories match.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>gnu_errfmt</CODE>
<DD>If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error
message format.
<DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE>
<DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being
-completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
+completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive
-login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
<DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
The value may not be changed.
<P>
<DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE>
<DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DD>If set, prompt strings undergo
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
-as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
The value may not be changed.
This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
<A NAME="Special Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC62::-->
+<!--docid::SEC63::-->
<P>
For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified
When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no
differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
-The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
+The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
</P><P>
These are the POSIX special builtins:
<A NAME="Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC63::-->
+<!--docid::SEC64::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC64::-->
+<!--docid::SEC65::-->
<P>
Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX110"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<DT><CODE>CDPATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX112"></A>
A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX112"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX113"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX114"></A>
The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin
command.
The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX114"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX115"></A>
<DT><CODE>IFS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX116"></A>
A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
words as part of expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX117"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAIL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX118"></A>
If this parameter is set to a filename and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable
is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
the specified file.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX118"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX119"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX120"></A>
A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
for new mail.
Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
the current mail file.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX120"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX121"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTARG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX121"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX122"></A>
The value of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX122"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX123"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTIND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX123"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX124"></A>
The index of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX124"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX125"></A>
<DT><CODE>PATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX125"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX126"></A>
A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
commands.
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of <CODE>PATH</CODE> indicates the
or trailing colon.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX126"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX127"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS1</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX127"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A>
The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX129"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS2</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX130"></A>
The secondary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`> '</SAMP>.
<P>
<A NAME="Bash Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC65::-->
+<!--docid::SEC66::-->
<P>
These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
variables for controlling the job control facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX131"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX131"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX132"></A>
The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX132"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX133"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASHPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX133"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX134"></A>
Expands to the process id of the current Bash process.
This differs from <CODE>$$</CODE> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require Bash to be re-initialized.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX135"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A>
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX137"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX138"></A>
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX139"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX140"></A>
The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX141"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX141"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A>
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
-to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX142"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX143"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX143"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX144"></A>
The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX144"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX145"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A>
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
corresponding to each member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR>.
<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file where
Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX146"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX147"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX147"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX148"></A>
An array variable whose members are assigned by the <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> binary
operator to the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
This variable is read-only.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX148"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX149"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX150"></A>
An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
to the elements in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX151"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX152"></A>
Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
The initial value is 0.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX153"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
-A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+<DD><A NAME="IDX154"></A>
+A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>)
whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
<P>
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX155"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX156"></A>
The version number of the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX157"></A>
<DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A>
Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the terminal width
when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX159"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX160"></A>
An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
cursor position.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX161"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX162"></A>
The current command line.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX163"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX164"></A>
The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
the current command.
If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX165"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX166"></A>
Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
that caused a completion function to be called:
<VAR>TAB</VAR>, for normal completion,
<SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX167"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX168"></A>
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
completion function.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX169"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX170"></A>
The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
separators when performing word completion.
If <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX171"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX172"></A>
An array variable consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The words are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser would
separate them.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX173"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX174"></A>
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
-facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX175"></A>
<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX176"></A>
An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
<CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin.
it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX177"></A>
<DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX178"></A>
If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an
emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX179"></A>
<DT><CODE>EUID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX180"></A>
The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX181"></A>
<DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX182"></A>
The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE>
builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX183"></A>
<DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX184"></A>
A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion.
A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in
value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX185"></A>
<DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX186"></A>
An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX187"></A>
<DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX188"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
be ignored by filename expansion.
If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
of matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX189"></A>
<DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX190"></A>
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
user is a member.
Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX191"></A>
<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX192"></A>
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
The first character is the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX193"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX194"></A>
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX195"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX196"></A>
A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
the history list.
If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin
<CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX197"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX198"></A>
The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX199"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX200"></A>
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
The default value is 500.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX201"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX202"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX203"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX204"></A>
The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
The default value is 500.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX205"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX206"></A>
If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history
entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin.
other history lines.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX207"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX208"></A>
Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that
should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX209"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX210"></A>
The name of the current host.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX211"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX212"></A>
A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX213"></A>
<DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX214"></A>
Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character
as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the
input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX215"></A>
<DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX216"></A>
The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX217"></A>
<DT><CODE>LANG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX218"></A>
Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX219"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX220"></A>
This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other
<CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX221"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX222"></A>
This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
results of filename expansion, and
determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX223"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX224"></A>
This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX225"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX226"></A>
This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX227"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX228"></A>
This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX229"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX230"></A>
The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX231"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX232"></A>
Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX233"></A>
<DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX234"></A>
A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX235"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX236"></A>
How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables.
The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX237"></A>
<DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX238"></A>
The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX239"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX240"></A>
If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX241"></A>
<DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX242"></A>
A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX243"></A>
<DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
-An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+<DD><A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>)
containing a list of exit status values from the processes
in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
contain only a single command).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX245"></A>
<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX246"></A>
If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
-enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
+enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
as if the command
</pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX247"></A>
<DT><CODE>PPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX248"></A>
The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable
is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX249"></A>
<DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX250"></A>
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX251"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS3</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX252"></A>
The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
<CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the
<CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX253"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX254"></A>
The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
-when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX255"></A>
<DT><CODE>PWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX256"></A>
The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX257"></A>
<DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX258"></A>
Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
variable seeds the random number generator.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX259"></A>
<DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX260"></A>
The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX261"></A>
<DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX262"></A>
This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
since the assignment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX263"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX264"></A>
The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
If it is not set when the shell starts,
Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX265"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX266"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported
as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>.
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX267"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX268"></A>
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX269"></A>
<DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX270"></A>
The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE>
reserved word should be displayed.
A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX271"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX272"></A>
If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
-default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming
from a terminal.
not arrive.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX273"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX274"></A>
If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX275"></A>
<DT><CODE>UID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX276"></A>
The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
<P>
<A NAME="Bash Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC66::-->
+<!--docid::SEC67::-->
<P>
This section describes features unique to Bash.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC67::-->
+<!--docid::SEC68::-->
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
In addition to the single-character shell command-line options
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), there are several multi-character
options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
line before the single-character options to be recognized.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE>
<DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
-starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin) and shell function tracing
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A> for a description of the <CODE>-o functrace</CODE>
option).
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE>
-<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
<P>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This
is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
-standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
+standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
POSIX mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
-described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
be executed.
<SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP>
will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
of a login shell.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE>
<DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option;
<SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it.
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX277"></A>
A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX277"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one
-started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
+started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
information.
</P><P>
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
<SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>
option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE>
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
are set to the remaining arguments.
<A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC68::-->
+<!--docid::SEC69::-->
<P>
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
-Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC69::-->
+<!--docid::SEC70::-->
<P>
When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC70::-->
+<!--docid::SEC71::-->
<P>
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
</pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
<H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC71::-->
+<!--docid::SEC72::-->
<P>
When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
login shell startup files.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
<H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC72::-->
+<!--docid::SEC73::-->
<P>
If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the
the startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
<H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC73::-->
+<!--docid::SEC74::-->
<P>
When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the
No other startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
<H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC74::-->
+<!--docid::SEC75::-->
<P>
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
allow them to be specified.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
<H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC75::-->
+<!--docid::SEC76::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
<A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC76::-->
+<!--docid::SEC77::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC77::-->
+<!--docid::SEC78::-->
<P>
An interactive shell
<A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC78::-->
+<!--docid::SEC79::-->
<P>
To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
<A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC79::-->
+<!--docid::SEC80::-->
<P>
When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
<OL>
<LI>
-Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
<LI>
-Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
+Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command
before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
+Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE>
instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its
-standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
-and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
when an interactive shell exits.
<P>
<LI>
-Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
+Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled
-((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins.
<P>
<LI>
An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit
-if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has
-no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
<CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
<SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error
-status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE>
builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE>
-option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit
if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
-printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC80::-->
+<!--docid::SEC81::-->
<P>
Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command
<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled.
The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP>
-option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
<A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC81::-->
+<!--docid::SEC82::-->
<P>
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
<A NAME="Aliases"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC82::-->
+<!--docid::SEC83::-->
<P>
<VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
</P><P>
The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
<A NAME="Arrays"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC83::-->
+<!--docid::SEC84::-->
<P>
Bash provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as
<A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC84::-->
+<!--docid::SEC85::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
the directory stack.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC85::-->
+<!--docid::SEC86::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX278"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv]
</pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the
<P>
<DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX280"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX281"></A>
<DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC86::-->
+<!--docid::SEC87::-->
<P>
The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
shell session.
</P><P>
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC87::-->
+<!--docid::SEC88::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the
</P><P>
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
the shell spawned to execute the script.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC88::-->
+<!--docid::SEC89::-->
<P>
Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC89::-->
+<!--docid::SEC90::-->
<P>
This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
with job control.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
control.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC90::-->
+<!--docid::SEC91::-->
<P>
Job control
before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
any other output.
If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process
that exits.
</P><P>
If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
-the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
+the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is
enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status.
<A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC91::-->
+<!--docid::SEC92::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX282"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX282"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
<P>
<DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX284"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>kill</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX284"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
<P>
<DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX286"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...]
</pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the
<P>
<DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX286"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of
active jobs.
<P>
<DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX288"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
</pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
<CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal. The <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option means to suspend
<A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC92::-->
+<!--docid::SEC93::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX289"></A>
<DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX290"></A>
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>,
the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality
-analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
+analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
If set to any other value, the supplied string must
be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID.
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX291"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC93::-->
+<!--docid::SEC94::-->
<P>
This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
available for binding</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
a specific command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC94::-->
+<!--docid::SEC95::-->
<P>
The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
produce the desired character.
The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC95::-->
+<!--docid::SEC96::-->
<P>
Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC96::-->
+<!--docid::SEC97::-->
<P>
In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC97::-->
+<!--docid::SEC98::-->
<P>
The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC98::-->
+<!--docid::SEC99::-->
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX291"></A>
<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX293"></A>
</P><P>
<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
-<A NAME="IDX293"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
</P><P>
Here is the list of commands for killing text.
<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC99::-->
+<!--docid::SEC100::-->
<P>
You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
<A NAME="Searching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC100::-->
+<!--docid::SEC101::-->
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC101::-->
+<!--docid::SEC102::-->
<P>
Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC102::-->
+<!--docid::SEC103::-->
<P>
There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
-constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
+constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>
</P><P>
The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names
-and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
variables.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX295"></A>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX296"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
<P>
<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX296"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
equivalents.
<P>
<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX298"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
+completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
+value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
+replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX298"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX300"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
<P>
<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
<P>
<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX300"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX304"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX304"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
current cursor position) at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
<P>
<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it
to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
<P>
<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX308"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX310"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
<P>
<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
-subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
+subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
<P>
<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A>
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
completion, unless the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> is
<P>
<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX314"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
+before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default,
+history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
+calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
words which have more than one possible completion cause the
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
<P>
<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and
bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC103::-->
+<!--docid::SEC104::-->
<P>
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC104::-->
+<!--docid::SEC105::-->
<P>
Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key
<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC105::-->
+<!--docid::SEC106::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
sequences.
You can list your key bindings by executing
<CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an
-<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC106::-->
+<!--docid::SEC107::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX322"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
Move to the start of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX321"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX324"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
Move to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX323"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX326"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
Move forward a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX325"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX328"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
Move back a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX327"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX330"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX329"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX332"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are
composed of letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX331"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX334"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX333"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX336"></A>
<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC107::-->
+<!--docid::SEC108::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX335"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX338"></A>
<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
If this line is
non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
to its original state.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX337"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX340"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX339"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX342"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX341"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX344"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
Move to the first line in the history.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX343"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX346"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX345"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX348"></A>
<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX350"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX352"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX350"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX351"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX354"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX356"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX355"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX358"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX356"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. This
is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX357"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX360"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX358"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A>
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
the second word on the previous line) at point.
With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX359"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX362"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX360"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A>
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry). With an
argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC108::-->
+<!--docid::SEC109::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX361"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX364"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A>
Delete the character at point. If point is at the
beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then
return EOF.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX363"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX366"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX364"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A>
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX368"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX366"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A>
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX370"></A>
<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX368"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A>
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX372"></A>
<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX370"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A>
Insert yourself.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX374"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX372"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A>
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
the character at the cursor, moving the
cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
Negative arguments have no effect.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX376"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX374"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX378"></A>
<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX376"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A>
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX380"></A>
<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX378"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A>
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX382"></A>
<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX380"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A>
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX384"></A>
<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX382"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A>
Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC109::-->
+<!--docid::SEC110::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX386"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX384"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A>
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX388"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX386"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A>
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX390"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX388"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX392"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX390"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A>
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX394"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX392"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX396"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX394"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX398"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX396"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX400"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX398"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX402"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX400"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A>
Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX404"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX402"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A>
Kill the text in the current region.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX406"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX404"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A>
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
right away. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX408"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A>
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX410"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A>
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX412"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX410"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A>
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX414"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX412"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A>
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
</DL>
<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC110::-->
+<!--docid::SEC111::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX416"></A>
<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX414"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A>
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX418"></A>
<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A>
This is another way to specify an argument.
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
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<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC111::-->
+<!--docid::SEC112::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX420"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A>
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
The actual completion performed is application-specific.
Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX420"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX424"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX422"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A>
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX426"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX424"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A>
Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX428"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX426"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A>
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX430"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX428"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A>
Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX432"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX430"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a filename.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX434"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX432"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX436"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX434"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX438"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX436"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX440"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX438"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX442"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX440"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX444"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX442"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX446"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX444"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
in that order.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX448"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX446"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a command name.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX450"></A>
<DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX448"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+<DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX454"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX450"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A>
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC112::-->
+<!--docid::SEC113::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX456"></A>
<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A>
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX458"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX454"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A>
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and save the definition.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX460"></A>
<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX456"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>
<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC113::-->
+<!--docid::SEC114::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX458"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX464"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX460"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX466"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX462"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX464"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A>
Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX470"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX466"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX472"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX468"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX474"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX470"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX476"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX472"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A>
Set the mark to the point. If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX478"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX474"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A>
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX480"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX476"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX482"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX478"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX484"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX480"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
will be executed by the shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX486"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX482"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX488"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX484"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX490"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX486"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX492"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX488"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX494"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX490"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX491"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX496"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX492"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A>
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
<CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX493"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX498"></A>
<DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX494"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A>
Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX500"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX496"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A>
Expand the line as the shell does.
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX502"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX498"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX500"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX502"></A>
-Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
<DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
commands.
Bash attempts to invoke
<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC114::-->
+<!--docid::SEC115::-->
<P>
While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP>
-commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
-<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC115::-->
+<!--docid::SEC116::-->
<P>
When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined
-using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
+using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
</P><P>
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words.
If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
-described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
</P><P>
First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or
directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is
used to filter the matches.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
</P><P>
Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked.
When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>,
<CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are
-assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first.
The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
variable.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC116::-->
+<!--docid::SEC117::-->
<P>
Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX512"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
+<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-E] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
[-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
[-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
-<CODE>complete -pr [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
+<CODE>complete -pr [-E] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Specify how arguments to each <VAR>name</VAR> should be completed.
The <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option removes a completion specification for
each <VAR>name</VAR>, or, if no <VAR>name</VAR>s are supplied, all
completion specifications.
+The <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
+blank line.
</P><P>
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
</P><P>
Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
<P>
<DT><CODE>binding</CODE>
-<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
+<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE>
-<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>hostname</CODE>
<DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
-<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>job</CODE>
<DT><CODE>setopt</CODE>
<DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
<DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>signal</CODE>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX518"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-execution completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC117::-->
+<!--docid::SEC118::-->
<P>
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC119"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC118::-->
+<!--docid::SEC119::-->
<P>
When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
+is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>,
the list of commands previously typed.
The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the
When an interactive shell exits, the last
<CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file
named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>.
-If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
+If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
list and manipulate the history file.
When using command-line editing, search commands
are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
-history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
+history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
</P><P>
The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
instead of semicolons.
The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC119"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC119::-->
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
<P>
Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX520"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE>
-and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
history -c
history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
<P>
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
</P><P>
Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
the behavior of history expansion. If the
<CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable,
-as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
+as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
<P>
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
-<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
<P>
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
<P>
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC124::-->
+<!--docid::SEC125::-->
<P>
This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
systems.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
than one kind of system from
the same source tree.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
programs.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
building Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Basic Installation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC125::-->
+<!--docid::SEC126::-->
<P>
These are installation instructions for Bash.
<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC126::-->
+<!--docid::SEC127::-->
<P>
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC127::-->
+<!--docid::SEC128::-->
<P>
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC128::-->
+<!--docid::SEC129::-->
<P>
By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
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-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC129::-->
+<!--docid::SEC130::-->
<P>
There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC130"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC130::-->
+<!--docid::SEC131::-->
<P>
If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC131::-->
+<!--docid::SEC132::-->
<P>
<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC132::-->
+<!--docid::SEC133::-->
<P>
The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE>
<DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE>
<DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE>
<DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP>
even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>.
-See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
<CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE>
<DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
-variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
-<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>),
+<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>),
if the operating system supports them.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE>
<DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE>
<DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt
-strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
+strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
string escape sequences.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE>
<DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
-version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash,
when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE>
-<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE>
This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>,
which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in
the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
<P>
<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
<P>
Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
<P>
Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
<LI>
Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification
-differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
+Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin.
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
<CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to
manipulate it.
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
<LI>
Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
<LI>
Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>),
-and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
<P>
<LI>
current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host
(<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>),
and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>,
-<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
+<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
for details.
<P>
<LI>
Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
<CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
-builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
+builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments
preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
file system.
<LI>
The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing
-files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and
physical modes.
<P>
<LI>
Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
-<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions
-when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users
to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with
an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with
the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a
default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
<LI>
The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell
-optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
-to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
simple commands when performing an execution trace
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm,
which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
<P>
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>.
Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every
simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command,
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
<P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
<CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple
command fails, with a few exceptions.
<CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled.
</P><P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to
<CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information
-about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause
the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command
-that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
<CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
<P>
<LI>
Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
-strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
-job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
+job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
<CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
<P>
</UL>
<P>
-More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">6. Bash Features</A>.
+More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
<P>
Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
<P>
<center>
</OL>
<P>
-<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
variable you want.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_L" style="text-decoration:none"><b>L</b></A>
+<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_M" style="text-decoration:none"><b>M</b></A>
+
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_P" style="text-decoration:none"><b>P</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_R" style="text-decoration:none"><b>R</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
+<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC140::-->
+<!--docid::SEC141::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC142::-->
+<!--docid::SEC143::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC143::-->
+<!--docid::SEC144::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.5 Here Documents</A>
+<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.6 Here Strings</A>
+<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.7 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.8 Moving File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.9 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.4 Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.4 Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
+<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.6 Signals</A>
+<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.6 Signals</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
+<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
+<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC76" HREF="bashref.html#SEC76">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
+<A NAME="TOC77" HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC77" HREF="bashref.html#SEC77">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
+<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.6 Aliases</A>
+<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.6 Aliases</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.7 Arrays</A>
+<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.7 Arrays</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
+<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
+<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
+<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
+<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
+<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
+<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
+<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
+<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
+<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
+<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3 History Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.4 Installation Names</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.8 Optional Features</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.4 Function Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.5 Concept Index</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>April, 8 2008</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>May, 29 2008</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>April, 8 2008</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>May, 29 2008</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.11 from
-/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.2, 5 April 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 25 May 2008).
- This is Edition 3.2, last updated 5 April 2008, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 25 May 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.2, 5 April 2008).
+the Bash shell (version 4.0, 25 May 2008).
- This is Edition 3.2, last updated 5 April 2008, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
+ This is Edition 4.0, last updated 25 May 2008, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
`control operator'
A `token' that performs a control function. It is a `newline' or
- one of the following: `||', `&&', `&', `;', `;;', `|', `(', or `)'.
+ one of the following: `||', `&&', `&', `;', `;;', `|', `|&', `(',
+ or `)'.
`exit status'
The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is
3.2.2 Pipelines
---------------
-A `pipeline' is a sequence of simple commands separated by `|'.
+A `pipeline' is a sequence of simple commands separated by one of the
+control operators `|' or `|&'.
The format for a pipeline is
- [`time' [`-p']] [`!'] COMMAND1 [`|' COMMAND2 ...]
+ [`time' [`-p']] [`!'] COMMAND1 [ [`|' or `|&'] COMMAND2 ...]
The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe to
the input of the next command. That is, each command reads the
-previous command's output.
+previous command's output. This connection is performed before any
+redirections specified by the command.
+
+ If `|&' is used, the standard error of COMMAND1 is connected to
+COMMAND2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for `2>&1
+|'. This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after
+any redirections specified by the command.
The reserved word `time' causes timing statistics to be printed for
the pipeline once it finishes. The statistics currently consist of
the case of alphabetic characters. The `|' is used to separate
multiple patterns, and the `)' operator terminates a pattern list.
A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known as a
- CLAUSE. Each clause must be terminated with `;;'. The WORD
- undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
+ CLAUSE.
+
+ Each clause must be terminated with `;;', `,&', or `;;&'. The
+ WORD undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before
matching is attempted. Each PATTERN undergoes tilde expansion,
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
There may be an arbitrary number of `case' clauses, each terminated
- by a `;;'. The first pattern that matches determines the
- command-list that is executed.
+ by a `;;', `;&', or `;;&'. The first pattern that matches
+ determines the command-list that is executed.
Here is an example using `case' in a script that could be used to
describe one interesting feature of an animal:
esac
echo " legs."
+ If the `;;' operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted
+ after the first pattern match. Using `;&' in place of `;;'
+ causes execution to continue with the COMMAND-LIST associated with
+ the next clause, if any. Using `;;&' in place of `;;' causes the
+ shell to test the patterns in the next clause, if any, and execute
+ any associated COMMAND-LIST on a successful match.
+
The return status is zero if no PATTERN is matched. Otherwise, the
return status is the exit status of the COMMAND-LIST executed.
bash$ echo a{d,c,b}e
ade ace abe
- A sequence expression takes the form `{X..Y}', where X and Y are
-either integers or single characters. When integers are supplied, the
-expression expands to each number between X and Y, inclusive. When
-characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive. Note that both X and Y
-must be of the same type.
+ A sequence expression takes the form `{X..Y[INCR]}', where X and Y
+are either integers or single characters, and INCR, an optional
+increment, is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression
+expands to each number between X and Y, inclusive. Supplied integers
+may be prefixed with `0' to force each term to have the same width.
+When either X or Y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all
+generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding
+where necessary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands
+to each character lexicographically between X and Y, inclusive. Note
+that both X and Y must be of the same type. When the increment is
+supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default
+increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any
characters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
`*'
- Matches any string, including the null string.
+ Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ `globstar' shell option is enabled, and `*' is used in a filename
+ expansion context, two adjacent `*'s used as a single pattern will
+ match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+ If followed by a `/', two adjacent `*'s will match only
+ directories and subdirectories.
`?'
Matches any single character.
3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
----------------------------------------------------
-Bash allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the
-standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file
-whose name is the expansion of WORD with this construct.
+This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+file whose name is the expansion of WORD.
There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
error:
equivalent to
>WORD 2>&1
-3.6.5 Here Documents
+3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+file whose name is the expansion of WORD.
+
+ The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
+ &>>WORD
+ This is semantically equivalent to
+ >>WORD 2>&1
+
+3.6.6 Here Documents
--------------------
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
DELIMITER. This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be
indented in a natural fashion.
-3.6.6 Here Strings
+3.6.7 Here Strings
------------------
A variant of here documents, the format is:
The WORD is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
input.
-3.6.7 Duplicating File Descriptors
+3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors
----------------------------------
The redirection operator
does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
-3.6.8 Moving File Descriptors
+3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors
-----------------------------
The redirection operator
moves the file descriptor DIGIT to file descriptor N, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if N is not specified.
-3.6.9 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
-------------------------------------------------------
+3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
+-------------------------------------------------------
The redirection operator
[N]<>WORD
avoid multiple `PATH' searches (see the description of `hash' in
*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). A full search of the directories
in `$PATH' is performed only if the command is not found in the
- hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an
- error message and returns an exit status of 127.
+ hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for
+ a defined shell function named `command_not_found_handle'. If
+ that function exists, it is invoked with the original command and
+ the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the
+ function's exit status becomes the exit status of the shell. If
+ that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message
+ and returns an exit status of 127.
4. If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one
or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a
command as it would appear in a Readline initialization file
(*note Readline Init File::), but each binding or command must be
passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
- `"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the
- following meanings:
+ `"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'.
+
+ Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
`-m KEYMAP'
Use KEYMAP as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
`-x KEYSEQ:SHELL-COMMAND'
Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed whenever KEYSEQ is entered.
-
+ When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
+ `READLINE_LINE' variable to the contents of the Readline line
+ buffer and the `READLINE_POINT' variable to the current
+ location of the insertion point. If the executed command
+ changes the value of `READLINE_LINE' or `READLINE_POINT',
+ those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or
an error occurs.
there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
`help'
- help [-s] [PATTERN]
+ help [-dms] [PATTERN]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, `help' gives detailed help on all commands matching
- PATTERN, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed. The `-s'
- option restricts the information displayed to a short usage
- synopsis. The return status is zero unless no command matches
- PATTERN.
+ PATTERN, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed.
+
+ Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+ `-d'
+ Display a short description of each PATTERN
+
+ `-m'
+ Display the description of each PATTERN in a manpage-like
+ format
+
+ `-s'
+ Display only a short usage synopsis for each PATTERN
+
+ The return status is zero unless no command matches PATTERN.
`let'
let EXPRESSION [EXPRESSION]
logout [N]
Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent.
+`mapfile'
+ mapfile [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
+ -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ Read lines from the standard input into array variable ARRAY, or
+ from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied. The
+ variable `MAPFILE' is the default ARRAY. Options, if supplied,
+ have the following meanings:
+ `-n'
+ Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are
+ copied.
+
+ `-O'
+ Begin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index
+ is 0.
+
+ `-s'
+ Discard the first COUNT lines read.
+
+ `-t'
+ Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+
+ `-u'
+ Read lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard
+ input.
+
+ `-C'
+ Evaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUMP lines are read. The
+ `-c' option specifies QUANTUM.
+
+ `-c'
+ Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ CALLBACK.
+
+ If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000.
+
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY
+ before assigning to it.
+
+ `mapfile' returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, or ARRAY is invalid or unassignable.
+
`printf'
printf [-v VAR] FORMAT [ARGUMENTS]
Write the formatted ARGUMENTS to the standard output under the
`-t TIMEOUT'
Cause `read' to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. This
- option has no effect if `read' is not reading input from the
- terminal or a pipe.
+ line of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. TIMEOUT
+ may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
+ the decimal point. This option has no effect if `read' is
+ not reading input from the terminal or a pipe.
`-u FD'
Read input from file descriptor FD.
If the `-f' option is used, `type' does not attempt to find shell
functions, as with the `command' builtin.
- The return status is zero if any of the NAMES are found, non-zero
- if none are found.
+ The return status is zero if all of the NAMES are found, non-zero
+ if any are not found.
`typeset'
typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
respect to quoted arguments to the conditional command's =~
operator.
+ `dirspell'
+ If set, Bash attempts spelling correction on directory names
+ during word completion if the directory name initially
+ supplied does not exist.
+
`dotglob'
If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the
results of filename expansion.
*Note Bash Variables::, for a description of `FIGNORE'. This
option is enabled by default.
+ `globstar'
+ If set, the pattern `**' used in a filename expansion context
+ will match a files and zero or more directories and
+ subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a `/', only
+ directories and subdirectories match.
+
`gnu_errfmt'
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU
error message format.
completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value
is `off'.
+ `completion-prefix-display-length'
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of
+ possible completions that is displayed without modification.
+ When set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer
+ than this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying
+ possible completions.
+
`completion-query-items'
The number of possible completions that determines when the
user is asked whether the list of possibilities should be
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down
the screen. The default is `off'.
+ `revert-all-at-newline'
+ If set to `on', Readline will undo all changes to history
+ lines before returning when `accept-line' is executed. By
+ default, history lines may be modified and retain individual
+ undo lists across calls to `readline'. The default is `off'.
+
`show-all-if-ambiguous'
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to `on', words which have more than one possible
against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
+`dabbrev-expand ()'
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ text against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ matches.
+
`complete-into-braces (M-{)'
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible
completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
no matches were generated.
`complete'
- `complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST]
+ `complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-E] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST]
[-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT]
[-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...]'
- `complete -pr [NAME ...]'
+ `complete -pr [-E] [NAME ...]'
Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the
`-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to
be reused as input. The `-r' option removes a completion
specification for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all
- completion specifications.
+ completion specifications. The `-E' option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to "empty" command
+ completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
The process of applying these completion specifications when word
completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable
* bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21)
* break: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 29)
-* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 92)
-* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 100)
+* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 98)
+* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 106)
* cd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 36)
-* command: Bash Builtins. (line 117)
+* command: Bash Builtins. (line 123)
* compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 10)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 28)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 210)
+ (line 212)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 55)
-* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 136)
+* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 142)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 83)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 202)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 254)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 208)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 260)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 63)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 103)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 145)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 282)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 288)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 39)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 25)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 57)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 291)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 298)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 308)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 308)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 315)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 325)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 329)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 312)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 370)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 337)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 395)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 200)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 402)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 461)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 280)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 285)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 406)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 437)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 443)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 465)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 496)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 502)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 326)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 529)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 588)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 343)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
\0\b[index\0\b]
* Menu:
-* !: Pipelines. (line 8)
+* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 108)
+ (line 117)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 108)
+ (line 117)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* do: Looping Constructs. (line 12)
* in: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* select: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 67)
+ (line 76)
* then: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
-* time: Pipelines. (line 8)
+* time: Pipelines. (line 9)
* until: Looping Constructs. (line 12)
* while: Looping Constructs. (line 20)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 131)
* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 145)
* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 151)
-* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
+* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 60)
+* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 67)
* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 158)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 70)
+ (line 77)
* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 163)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 76)
+ (line 83)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 81)
+ (line 88)
* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 173)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 87)
+ (line 94)
* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 178)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 92)
+ (line 99)
* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 182)
* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 186)
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 192)
* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 253)
* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 261)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 96)
+ (line 103)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 102)
+ (line 109)
* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 280)
* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 284)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 107)
+ (line 114)
* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 293)
* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 304)
* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 307)
(line 18)
* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 310)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 114)
+ (line 121)
* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 320)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 121)
-* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 128)
+* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 135)
* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 324)
* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 328)
* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 332)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 141)
+ (line 148)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 146)
+ (line 153)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 151)
+ (line 158)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 114)
+ (line 121)
* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 373)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
(line 38)
* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 380)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 158)
+ (line 165)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 163)
+ (line 170)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 383)
* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 416)
* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 419)
* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 424)
+* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 180)
* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 427)
* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 433)
* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 438)
* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 447)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 173)
+ (line 186)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 179)
+ (line 192)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 452)
* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 502)
* UID: Bash Variables. (line 506)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 188)
+ (line 201)
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes
(line 6)
* command substitution: Command Substitution.
(line 6)
-* command timing: Pipelines. (line 8)
+* command timing: Pipelines. (line 9)
* commands, compound: Compound Commands. (line 6)
* commands, conditional: Conditional Constructs.
(line 6)
* execution environment: Command Execution Environment.
(line 6)
* exit status <1>: Exit Status. (line 6)
-* exit status: Definitions. (line 25)
+* exit status: Definitions. (line 26)
* expansion: Shell Expansions. (line 6)
* expansion, arithmetic: Arithmetic Expansion.
(line 6)
* expressions, arithmetic: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* expressions, conditional: Bash Conditional Expressions.
(line 6)
-* field: Definitions. (line 29)
-* filename: Definitions. (line 34)
+* field: Definitions. (line 30)
+* filename: Definitions. (line 35)
* filename expansion: Filename Expansion. (line 9)
* foreground: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
* functions, shell: Shell Functions. (line 6)
* history list: Bash History Facilities.
(line 6)
* History, how to use: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 222)
-* identifier: Definitions. (line 50)
+ (line 224)
+* identifier: Definitions. (line 51)
* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. (line 6)
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 127)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* job: Definitions. (line 37)
+* job: Definitions. (line 38)
* job control <1>: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
-* job control: Definitions. (line 41)
+* job control: Definitions. (line 42)
* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 19)
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 124)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
-* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 45)
-* name: Definitions. (line 50)
+* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46)
+* name: Definitions. (line 51)
* native languages: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials.
(line 6)
-* operator, shell: Definitions. (line 56)
+* operator, shell: Definitions. (line 57)
* parameter expansion: Shell Parameter Expansion.
(line 6)
* parameters: Shell Parameters. (line 6)
* pipeline: Pipelines. (line 6)
* POSIX: Definitions. (line 9)
* POSIX Mode: Bash POSIX Mode. (line 6)
-* process group: Definitions. (line 60)
-* process group ID: Definitions. (line 64)
+* process group: Definitions. (line 61)
+* process group ID: Definitions. (line 65)
* process substitution: Process Substitution.
(line 6)
* programmable completion: Programmable Completion.
* Readline, how to use: Job Control Variables.
(line 24)
* redirection: Redirections. (line 6)
-* reserved word: Definitions. (line 68)
+* reserved word: Definitions. (line 69)
* restricted shell: The Restricted Shell.
(line 6)
-* return status: Definitions. (line 73)
+* return status: Definitions. (line 74)
* shell arithmetic: Shell Arithmetic. (line 6)
* shell function: Shell Functions. (line 6)
* shell script: Shell Scripts. (line 6)
* shell variable: Shell Parameters. (line 6)
* shell, interactive: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
-* signal: Definitions. (line 76)
+* signal: Definitions. (line 77)
* signal handling: Signals. (line 6)
* special builtin <1>: Special Builtins. (line 6)
-* special builtin: Definitions. (line 80)
+* special builtin: Definitions. (line 81)
* startup files: Bash Startup Files. (line 6)
* suspending jobs: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
* tilde expansion: Tilde Expansion. (line 6)
-* token: Definitions. (line 84)
+* token: Definitions. (line 85)
* translation, native languages: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* variable, shell: Shell Parameters. (line 6)
* variables, readline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 37)
-* word: Definitions. (line 88)
+* word: Definitions. (line 89)
* word splitting: Word Splitting. (line 6)
* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
\1f
Tag Table:
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-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f381046
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-(/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
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Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
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[1]
Chapter 2 [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
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[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
.etc.
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-[26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Chapter 4 [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prom
pt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
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-[55] [56] Chapter 5 [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
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Chapter 6 [67] [68]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
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tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
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[69] [70]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
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-[115]) (/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
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-[152] (./bashref.cps [153]) [154] )
+[128] [129] [130] Appendix A [131] [132] Appendix B [133] [134] [135] [136]
+[137] [138] [139] Appendix C [140] (./fdl.texi [141] [142] [143] [144] [145]
+[146]) Appendix D [147] [148] (./bashref.bts [149]) (./bashref.rws)
+(./bashref.vrs [150] [151]) (./bashref.fns [152] [153]) (./bashref.cps [154])
+[155] [156] )
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19 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
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-Output written on bashref.dvi (160 pages, 615548 bytes).
+Output written on bashref.dvi (162 pages, 624132 bytes).
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+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(82)2025 562 y(pro)r(cess)26
+b(group)7 b Fc(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
+f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(3)2025 650 y(pro)r(cess)26 b(group)g(ID)e
+Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)50
+b Fb(3)2025 738 y(pro)r(cess)26 b(substitution)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fb(22)2025 826 y(programmable)27
+b(completion)16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fb(112)2025 913 y(prompting)7
+b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)32 b Fb(81)2025 1166 y Fr(Q)2025 1283 y Fb(quoting)19
+b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fb(6)2025 1371 y(quoting,)26 b(ANSI)12
+b Fc(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39
+b Fb(6)2025 1624 y Fr(R)2025 1741 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g
+(use)14 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(90)2025
+1829 y(redirection)21 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)46 b Fb(25)2025 1917 y(reserv)n(ed)25
b(w)n(ord)f Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)50 b Fb(3)2025 386 y(restricted)26 b(shell)8 b Fc(.)13
+g(.)50 b Fb(3)2025 2004 y(restricted)26 b(shell)8 b Fc(.)13
b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)34
-b Fb(82)2025 473 y(return)25 b(status)19 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(3)2025
-707 y Fr(S)2025 823 y Fb(shell)26 b(arithmetic)12 b Fc(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g
+b Fb(82)2025 2092 y(return)25 b(status)19 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(3)2025
+2328 y Fr(S)2025 2446 y Fb(shell)26 b(arithmetic)12 b
+Fc(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38
+b Fb(76)2025 2533 y(shell)26 b(function)11 b Fc(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fb(76)2025 910 y(shell)26
-b(function)11 b Fc(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)37 b Fb(14)2025 997 y(shell)26 b(script)18 b Fc(.)13
-b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
-(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44
-b Fb(32)2025 1084 y(shell)26 b(v)l(ariable)17 b Fc(.)c(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43 b Fb(15)2025 1172
-y(shell,)26 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)16 b Fc(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
-(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(73)2025 1259 y(signal)14 b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h
+f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(14)2025 2621
+y(shell)26 b(script)18 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)40
-b Fb(4)2025 1346 y(signal)27 b(handling)18 b Fc(.)13
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fb(33)2025 2709 y(shell)26
+b(v)l(ariable)17 b Fc(.)c(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)43 b Fb(15)2025 2797 y(shell,)26 b(in)n(teractiv)n(e)16
+b Fc(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
+g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
+Fb(73)2025 2885 y(signal)14 b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
+g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)40
+b Fb(4)2025 2972 y(signal)27 b(handling)18 b Fc(.)13
b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fb(32)2025
-1433 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)12 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+3060 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)12 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
-g(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(4,)26 b(57)2025 1521 y(startup)f(\014les)20
+g(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(4,)26 b(58)2025 3148 y(startup)f(\014les)20
b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45
-b Fb(71)2025 1608 y(susp)r(ending)25 b(jobs)7 b Fc(.)14
+b Fb(71)2025 3236 y(susp)r(ending)25 b(jobs)7 b Fc(.)14
b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)33 b Fb(87)2025
-1858 y Fr(T)2025 1974 y Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)19 b
+3488 y Fr(T)2025 3606 y Fb(tilde)26 b(expansion)19 b
Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45
-b Fb(18)2025 2061 y(tok)n(en)18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+b Fb(18)2025 3693 y(tok)n(en)18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
-b Fb(4)2025 2148 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)9
+b Fb(4)2025 3781 y(translation,)27 b(nativ)n(e)e(languages)9
b Fc(.)14 b(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
-(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(7)2025 2398 y Fr(V)2025 2514 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26
+(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(7)2025 4034 y Fr(V)2025 4151 y Fb(v)l(ariable,)26
b(shell)7 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
-h(.)32 b Fb(15)2025 2601 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)7
+h(.)32 b Fb(15)2025 4239 y(v)l(ariables,)27 b(readline)7
b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(95)2025
-2851 y Fr(W)2025 2967 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b Fc(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+4492 y Fr(W)2025 4609 y Fb(w)n(ord)10 b Fc(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36
-b Fb(4)2025 3055 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21 b Fc(.)12
+b Fb(4)2025 4697 y(w)n(ord)26 b(splitting)21 b Fc(.)12
b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)46
-b Fb(23)2025 3304 y Fr(Y)2025 3421 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
+b Fb(23)2025 4949 y Fr(Y)2025 5067 y Fb(y)n(anking)25
b(text)7 b Fc(.)k(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
g(.)33 b Fb(93)p eop end
+%%Page: 156 162
+TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Ft(156)2527 b(Bash)31
+b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
%%Trailer
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
\entry{time}{8}{\code {time}}
\entry{!}{8}{\code {!}}
-\entry{until}{9}{\code {until}}
-\entry{do}{9}{\code {do}}
-\entry{done}{9}{\code {done}}
+\entry{until}{10}{\code {until}}
+\entry{do}{10}{\code {do}}
+\entry{done}{10}{\code {done}}
\entry{while}{10}{\code {while}}
\entry{for}{10}{\code {for}}
\entry{if}{10}{\code {if}}
\entry{case}{11}{\code {case}}
\entry{in}{11}{\code {in}}
\entry{esac}{11}{\code {esac}}
-\entry{select}{11}{\code {select}}
+\entry{select}{12}{\code {select}}
\entry{[[}{12}{\code {[[}}
\entry{]]}{12}{\code {]]}}
-\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{13}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
-\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{13}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
+\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
+\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
\entry{function}{14}{\code {function}}
\initial {]}
\entry {\code {]]}}{12}
\initial {{\tt \char 123}}
-\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}}}{13}
+\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}}}{14}
\initial {{\tt \char 125}}
-\entry {\code {{\tt \char 125}}}{13}
+\entry {\code {{\tt \char 125}}}{14}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {case}}{11}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {do}}{9}
-\entry {\code {done}}{9}
+\entry {\code {do}}{10}
+\entry {\code {done}}{10}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {elif}}{10}
\entry {\code {else}}{10}
\entry {\code {if}}{10}
\entry {\code {in}}{11}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {select}}{11}
+\entry {\code {select}}{12}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {then}}{10}
\entry {\code {time}}{8}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {until}}{9}
+\entry {\code {until}}{10}
\initial {W}
\entry {\code {while}}{10}
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
+@item PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\w} and
+@code{\W} prompt string escapes (@pxref{Printing a Prompt}).
+Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+
@item PS3
The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
@code{select} command. If this variable is not set, the
@item \V
The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
@item \w
-The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
+The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde
+(uses the @env{$PROMPT_DIRTRIM} variable).
@item \W
The basename of @env{$PWD}, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
@item \!
The @samp{|} is used to separate multiple patterns, and the @samp{)}
operator terminates a pattern list.
A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
-as a @var{clause}. Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}.
+as a @var{clause}.
+
+Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}, @samp{,&}, or @samp{;;&}.
The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
attempted. Each @var{pattern} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated
-by a @samp{;;}. The first pattern that matches determines the
+by a @samp{;;}, @samp{;&}, or @samp{;;&}.
+The first pattern that matches determines the
command-list that is executed.
Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to
@end example
@noindent
+
+If the @samp{;;} operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after
+the first pattern match.
+Using @samp{;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes execution to continue with
+the @var{command-list} associated with the next clause, if any.
+Using @samp{;;&} in place of @samp{;;} causes the shell to test the patterns
+in the next clause, if any, and execute any associated @var{command-list}
+on a successful match.
+
The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched. Otherwise, the
return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed.
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
+@item PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
+trailing directory components to retain when expanding the @code{\w} and
+@code{\W} prompt string escapes (@pxref{Printing a Prompt}).
+Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
+
@item PS3
The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
@code{select} command. If this variable is not set, the
\secentry{Shell Commands}{3}{2}{7}
\subsecentry{Simple Commands}{3}{2}{1}{8}
\subsecentry{Pipelines}{3}{2}{2}{8}
-\subsecentry{Lists of Commands}{3}{2}{3}{8}
+\subsecentry{Lists of Commands}{3}{2}{3}{9}
\subsecentry{Compound Commands}{3}{2}{4}{9}
\subsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3}{2}{4}{1}{9}
\subsubsecentry{Conditional Constructs}{3}{2}{4}{2}{10}
\subsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3}{2}{4}{3}{13}
-\secentry{Shell Functions}{3}{3}{13}
+\secentry{Shell Functions}{3}{3}{14}
\secentry{Shell Parameters}{3}{4}{15}
-\subsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3}{4}{1}{15}
+\subsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3}{4}{1}{16}
\subsecentry{Special Parameters}{3}{4}{2}{16}
\secentry{Shell Expansions}{3}{5}{17}
\subsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3}{5}{1}{17}
\subsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3}{5}{2}{18}
\subsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3}{5}{3}{19}
-\subsecentry{Command Substitution}{3}{5}{4}{21}
+\subsecentry{Command Substitution}{3}{5}{4}{22}
\subsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3}{5}{5}{22}
\subsecentry{Process Substitution}{3}{5}{6}{22}
-\subsecentry{Word Splitting}{3}{5}{7}{22}
+\subsecentry{Word Splitting}{3}{5}{7}{23}
\subsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3}{5}{8}{23}
-\subsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3}{5}{8}{1}{23}
+\subsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3}{5}{8}{1}{24}
\subsecentry{Quote Removal}{3}{5}{9}{25}
\secentry{Redirections}{3}{6}{25}
\subsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3}{6}{1}{26}
\subsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3}{6}{2}{26}
-\subsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3}{6}{3}{26}
-\subsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{4}{26}
-\subsecentry{Here Documents}{3}{6}{5}{27}
-\subsecentry{Here Strings}{3}{6}{6}{27}
-\subsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3}{6}{7}{27}
-\subsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3}{6}{8}{28}
-\subsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3}{6}{9}{28}
-\secentry{Executing Commands}{3}{7}{28}
-\subsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3}{7}{1}{28}
-\subsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3}{7}{2}{29}
-\subsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3}{7}{3}{29}
-\subsecentry{Environment}{3}{7}{4}{30}
-\subsecentry{Exit Status}{3}{7}{5}{31}
-\subsecentry{Signals}{3}{7}{6}{31}
-\secentry{Shell Scripts}{3}{8}{32}
+\subsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3}{6}{3}{27}
+\subsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{4}{27}
+\subsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3}{6}{5}{27}
+\subsecentry{Here Documents}{3}{6}{6}{27}
+\subsecentry{Here Strings}{3}{6}{7}{28}
+\subsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3}{6}{8}{28}
+\subsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3}{6}{9}{28}
+\subsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3}{6}{10}{29}
+\secentry{Executing Commands}{3}{7}{29}
+\subsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3}{7}{1}{29}
+\subsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3}{7}{2}{30}
+\subsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3}{7}{3}{30}
+\subsecentry{Environment}{3}{7}{4}{31}
+\subsecentry{Exit Status}{3}{7}{5}{32}
+\subsecentry{Signals}{3}{7}{6}{32}
+\secentry{Shell Scripts}{3}{8}{33}
\chapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{35}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4}{1}{35}
\secentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4}{2}{41}
-\secentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4}{3}{49}
-\subsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4}{3}{1}{49}
+\secentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4}{3}{50}
+\subsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4}{3}{1}{50}
\subsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4}{3}{2}{53}
-\secentry{Special Builtins}{4}{4}{57}
+\secentry{Special Builtins}{4}{4}{58}
\chapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{59}
\secentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5}{1}{59}
\secentry{Bash Variables}{5}{2}{59}
\subsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8}{2}{5}{93}
\secentry{Readline Init File}{8}{3}{94}
\subsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8}{3}{1}{94}
-\subsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8}{3}{2}{99}
-\subsecentry{Sample Init File}{8}{3}{3}{100}
-\secentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8}{4}{103}
-\subsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8}{4}{1}{103}
-\subsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8}{4}{2}{103}
-\subsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8}{4}{3}{105}
-\subsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8}{4}{4}{106}
-\subsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8}{4}{5}{107}
-\subsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8}{4}{6}{107}
-\subsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8}{4}{7}{108}
-\subsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8}{4}{8}{109}
-\secentry{Readline vi Mode}{8}{5}{111}
-\secentry{Programmable Completion}{8}{6}{111}
-\secentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8}{7}{113}
-\chapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{117}
-\secentry{Bash History Facilities}{9}{1}{117}
-\secentry{Bash History Builtins}{9}{2}{117}
-\secentry{History Expansion}{9}{3}{119}
-\subsecentry{Event Designators}{9}{3}{1}{119}
-\subsecentry{Word Designators}{9}{3}{2}{120}
-\subsecentry{Modifiers}{9}{3}{3}{121}
-\chapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{123}
-\secentry{Basic Installation}{10}{1}{123}
-\secentry{Compilers and Options}{10}{2}{123}
-\secentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10}{3}{124}
-\secentry{Installation Names}{10}{4}{124}
-\secentry{Specifying the System Type}{10}{5}{124}
-\secentry{Sharing Defaults}{10}{6}{125}
-\secentry{Operation Controls}{10}{7}{125}
-\secentry{Optional Features}{10}{8}{125}
-\appendixentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{131}
-\appendixentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{133}
-\secentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B}{1}{137}
-\appendixentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{139}
-\appendixentry{Indexes}{D}{147}
-\secentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D}{1}{147}
-\secentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D}{2}{149}
-\secentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D}{3}{149}
-\secentry{Function Index}{D}{4}{151}
-\secentry{Concept Index}{D}{5}{153}
+\subsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8}{3}{2}{100}
+\subsecentry{Sample Init File}{8}{3}{3}{101}
+\secentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8}{4}{104}
+\subsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8}{4}{1}{104}
+\subsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8}{4}{2}{104}
+\subsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8}{4}{3}{106}
+\subsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8}{4}{4}{107}
+\subsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8}{4}{5}{108}
+\subsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8}{4}{6}{108}
+\subsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8}{4}{7}{109}
+\subsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8}{4}{8}{110}
+\secentry{Readline vi Mode}{8}{5}{112}
+\secentry{Programmable Completion}{8}{6}{112}
+\secentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8}{7}{114}
+\chapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{119}
+\secentry{Bash History Facilities}{9}{1}{119}
+\secentry{Bash History Builtins}{9}{2}{119}
+\secentry{History Expansion}{9}{3}{121}
+\subsecentry{Event Designators}{9}{3}{1}{121}
+\subsecentry{Word Designators}{9}{3}{2}{122}
+\subsecentry{Modifiers}{9}{3}{3}{123}
+\chapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{125}
+\secentry{Basic Installation}{10}{1}{125}
+\secentry{Compilers and Options}{10}{2}{125}
+\secentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10}{3}{126}
+\secentry{Installation Names}{10}{4}{126}
+\secentry{Specifying the System Type}{10}{5}{126}
+\secentry{Sharing Defaults}{10}{6}{127}
+\secentry{Operation Controls}{10}{7}{127}
+\secentry{Optional Features}{10}{8}{127}
+\appendixentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{133}
+\appendixentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{135}
+\secentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B}{1}{139}
+\appendixentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{141}
+\appendixentry{Indexes}{D}{149}
+\secentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D}{1}{149}
+\secentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D}{2}{150}
+\secentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D}{3}{150}
+\secentry{Function Index}{D}{4}{152}
+\secentry{Concept Index}{D}{5}{154}
\entry{#}{16}{\code {#}}
\entry{?}{16}{\code {?}}
\entry{-}{16}{\code {-}}
-\entry{$}{16}{\code {$}}
-\entry{!}{16}{\code {!}}
-\entry{0}{16}{\code {0}}
-\entry{_}{16}{\code {_}}
+\entry{$}{17}{\code {$}}
+\entry{!}{17}{\code {!}}
+\entry{0}{17}{\code {0}}
+\entry{_}{17}{\code {_}}
\entry{CDPATH}{59}{\code {CDPATH}}
\entry{HOME}{59}{\code {HOME}}
\entry{IFS}{59}{\code {IFS}}
\entry{bell-style}{95}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{95}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
\entry{comment-begin}{95}{\code {comment-begin}}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{95}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
\entry{completion-query-items}{95}{\code {completion-query-items}}
\entry{convert-meta}{96}{\code {convert-meta}}
\entry{disable-completion}{96}{\code {disable-completion}}
\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{96}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
\entry{input-meta}{96}{\code {input-meta}}
\entry{meta-flag}{96}{\code {meta-flag}}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{96}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{97}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
\entry{keymap}{97}{\code {keymap}}
\entry{mark-modified-lines}{97}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{97}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
\entry{match-hidden-files}{97}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
\entry{output-meta}{97}{\code {output-meta}}
\entry{page-completions}{97}{\code {page-completions}}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{97}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{98}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{98}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{98}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
\entry{visible-stats}{98}{\code {visible-stats}}
\initial {!}
-\entry {\code {!}}{16}
+\entry {\code {!}}{17}
\initial {#}
\entry {\code {#}}{16}
\initial {$}
-\entry {\code {$}}{16}
+\entry {\code {$}}{17}
\initial {*}
\entry {\code {*}}{16}
\initial {-}
\initial {@}
\entry {\code {@}}{16}
\initial {_}
-\entry {\code {_}}{16}
+\entry {\code {_}}{17}
\initial {0}
-\entry {\code {0}}{16}
+\entry {\code {0}}{17}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{90}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{61}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{62}
\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{62}
+\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{95}
\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{95}
\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{62}
\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{96}
\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{64}
\entry {\code {input-meta}}{96}
\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{64}
-\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{96}
+\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{97}
\initial {K}
\entry {\code {keymap}}{97}
\initial {L}
\initial {R}
\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{66}
\entry {\code {REPLY}}{66}
+\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{98}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHELL}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{66}
\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{66}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{97}
+\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{98}
\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{98}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered.
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ current location of the insertion point. If the executed
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ editing state.
The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing
- a loop when b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk is executed.
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
+ c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
+ Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
+ tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
+ out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ the call stack.
+
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|\b|-\b-P\bP] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
fully changed; false otherwise.
- c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
- Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
- tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins. With-
- out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
- plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
- the call stack.
-
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-E\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt]
+ [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-E\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
- pletion specifications.
+ pletion specifications. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command
+ completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
The process of applying these completion specifications when
word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
- loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not
- executing a loop when c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be is executed.
+ loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
+ than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baf\bfF\bFi\bir\brt\btx\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
- h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-s\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
+ h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
- structures is printed. The -\b-s\bs option restricts the information
- displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0
- unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
+ structures is printed.
+ -\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ -\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
+ format
+ -\b-s\bs Display only a short usage synopsis for each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ The return status is 0 unless no command matches _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by [\b[_\bn]\b]
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-c\bc
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set, the time stamp information associ-
- ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
- marked with the history comment character. When the history
+ ated with each history entry is written to the history file,
+ marked with the history comment character. When the history
file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
- followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
- for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
- writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
+ followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
+ for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or
+ writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is supplied as an
argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument
to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt returns
1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu
+ nt_\b] _\b[-\b-t\bt_\b] _\b[-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd_\b] _\b[-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b] _\b[-\b-c\bc _\bI_\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm]\b] [\b[_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]\b] R\bRe\bea\bad\bd l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
+ f\bfr\bro\bom\bm t\bth\bhe\be s\bst\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt i\bin\bnt\bto\bo a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is supplied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bP-\b-
+ F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ lowing meanings:
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ copied.
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ index is 0.
+ -\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing line from each line read.
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ dard input.
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
+
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
+
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, or _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable.
+
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
- option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
- the terminal or a pipe.
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option has no effect
+ if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com-
mand's =~ operator.
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ tially supplied does not exist.
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
+ If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a filename expansion con-
+ text will match a files and zero or more directories and
+ subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/, only
+ directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
- shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
+ shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not supplied, or if job control
is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
- case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
_\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
- details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
- the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
- non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
- E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
- command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
- inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return value is being
+ inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .\b.
- or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
- entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
+ or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon
+ entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals
that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
- a child process when it is created. The return status is false
+ a child process when it is created. The return status is false
if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
- any of the arguments are found, false if none are found.
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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-%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 8 09:14:15 2008
+%%CreationDate: Thu May 29 11:48:42 2008
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%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%+ font Symbol
%%+ font Courier
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+%%Pages: 20
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-.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 252 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15
(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A
F1<ad78>144 264 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2(shell\255command)
-A F0(Cause)180 276 Q F2(shell\255command)2.5 E F0(to be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted whene).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2
-E F0(is entered.)2.5 E(The return v)144 292.8 Q
-(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E F1(br)108
-309.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054(Exit from within a)144
-321.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1
-(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555
-(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2
-(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055
-(must be)2.795 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 333.6 Q
-F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all\
- enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)
-2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless the shell is not e)144 345.6 Q -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.2(bu)108 362.4 S(iltin).2 E F2
-(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A
-(Ex)144 374.4 Q .792(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792
-(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G
-.793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793
-(This is useful)5.793 F .616
+A F0(Cause)180 276 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1
+(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F2
+(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 288 Q F0 1.113(is e)3.614 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G 1.113(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1(READLINE_LINE)3.613 E F0 -.25
+(va)3.613 G 1.113(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 300
+S(adline).18 E F0 .586(line b)3.086 F(uf)-.2 E .586(fer and the)-.25 F
+F1(READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .587
+(riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.241(insertion point.)180
+312 R 1.241(If the e)6.241 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.241
+(cuted command changes the v).15 F 1.241(alue of)-.25 F F1
+(READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.74 E F1(READLINE_POINT)180 324 Q F0 2.5
+(,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
+(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v)
+144 340.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
+E F1(br)108 357.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054
+(Exit from within a)144 369.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1
+(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1
+(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055
+(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555
+E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 381.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
+ number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
+(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
+393.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
+(bu)108 410.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
+F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 422.4 Q .792
+(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
+(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293
+F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616
(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
-386.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
-398.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0
+434.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
+446.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0
-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
-5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 410.4 Q(alse if)-.1
+5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 458.4 Q(alse if)-.1
E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E
-(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(cd)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 439.2
-R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)
-2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E
--.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776
-(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 451.2 R F2
+(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 475.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr)
+.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 487.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
+2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
+(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 499.2 Q
+(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
+(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562
+(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F
+.254(subroutine call.)144 511.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15
+G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
+F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253
+(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\
+tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
+ent e)144 523.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001
+(This e)144 535.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001
+(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E
+3.019(0. The)144 547.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519
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(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H
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(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.079 E F0 .579
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(iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>3.383 E F0 .884
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(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144
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-(tory is written to the standard output.)144 535.2 R 1.164(The return v)
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-(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 547.2 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(caller)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .253
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-(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.063 G 3.063(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
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(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2
-(command)144.2 108 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
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--3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 172.8 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F
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+F(grammable completion f)144 256.8 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)
-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)
--.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 208.8 R .352
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(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
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-(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 256.8 Q
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+(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 328.8 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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-(complete)108 273.6 Q F0([)3.265 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.265(][)C
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-(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A
-F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 321.6 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134
-G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634
-(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0
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--.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31
-(reused as input.)144 345.6 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31
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+(complete)108 345.6 Q F0([)3.034 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.034(][)C
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+(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a)-3.804 F
+(blank line.)144 453.6 Q 1.437
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
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-393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
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+489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 417.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 513.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
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429.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
+144
525.6 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
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(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 477.6 Q F2
-(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 489.6 Q F0
-.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 501.6 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E
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F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224
-513.6 Q F1(default)184 525.6 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55
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G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 537.6 Q F1(dir)184 549.6 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\
-ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 561.6 Q F1
-(\214lenames)184 573.6 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 585.6 S .137(ll readline that th\
+224 633.6 Q F1(dir)184 645.6 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\
+ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 657.6 Q F1
+(\214lenames)184 669.6 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 681.6 S .137(ll readline that th\
e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>
--.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 597.6 R
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2.996(ea)-.1 G .496(dding a slash to directory names or suppress-)-2.996
-F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 609.6 Q
-(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E F1(nospace)184 621.6 Q F0
+F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 705.6 Q
+(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E F1(nospace)184 717.6 Q F0
-.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
-633.6 Q F1(plusdirs)184 645.6 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G
-1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)
--4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 657.6 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G
-.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
-669.6 Q F1<ad41>144 681.6 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 693.6 Q F2
-(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
-(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-705.6 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
-2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0
-Cg EP
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(plusdirs)184 84 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)
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(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 132
-Q F0(Command names.)224
144 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 156 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 168 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 180
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 192 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
-204 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
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+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 204
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216 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 228 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 240 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 252
+Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 264 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
+276 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
+288 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
-
228 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(function)184 240 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 252 Q F1
-(gr)184 264 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
+
300 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(function)184 312 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 324 Q F1
+(gr)184 336 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
-276 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 288 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 300 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 312
-Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 324 Q F0
+348 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 360 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 372 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 384
+Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 396 Q F0
(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
-(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S
-(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 348 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 408 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 420 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
-360 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 372 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 384 Q
+432 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 444 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 456 Q
F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E
F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(shopt)184 396 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
-(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 408 Q F0
-(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 420 Q F0
+(shopt)184 468 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 480 Q F0
+(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 492 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F1(user)184 432 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 444 S
+.15 E F1(user)184 504 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 516 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 456 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.411(The \214lename e)184 468 R
-1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F
-1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 480 Q
-F1<ad57>144 492 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 504 Q F3(wor)
-3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639
-F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14
-(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 516 R
-2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007
-(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F
-(resultant list which match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
-F1<ad43>144 540 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 552 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad47>144 528 Q F2
+(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.411(The \214lename e)184 540 R 1.411
+(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F 1.411
+(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q F1
+<ad57>144 564 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F2(wor)3.639
+E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3
+(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)
+-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508
+(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)
+4.508 F(resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)
+-.1 E F1<ad43>144 612 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 624 Q F0 1.055
+(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 564 Q F1<ad46>144 576 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
-(The shell function)184 588 R F3(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
+184 636 Q F1<ad46>144 648 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 660 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2
-(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 612 S(riable.)
-.25 E F1<ad58>144 624 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 636 Q F0
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3
+(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 684 S(riable.)
+.25 E F1<ad58>144 696 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 708 Q F0
.733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.234 F 3.233(xpansion. It)
-.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 648 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 660 Q F3(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 672 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1<ad50>144 684 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 696 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
-(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 708 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 720 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
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+(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 132 Q F2<ad53>144 144 Q F1(suf)2.5 E
+2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 100.8 R
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 160.8 R
.467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F
1<ad70>2.966 E F0
-(or)2.966 E F
1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
-(plied without a)144 112.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F
2<ad70>2.966 E F0
+(or)2.966 E F
2<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361
+(plied without a)144 172.8 R F1(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 124.8 Q F0
+1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144 184.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
-(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447
-(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447
+F2(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447
+(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447
+(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0 .447
(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .725
-(completion if no)144 165.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
-(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+(completion if no)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725
+(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F2(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F1(name)
3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v)
-108 206.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
+108 266.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a)
-.25 F F2(name)108 218.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
-2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 235.2 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 247.2 R 1.754
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
-F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
-(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 259.2 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
-1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
-(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .668
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 271.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.168('l)-.74 G .668(oop\) is resumed.)-3.168 F .667
-(The return v)5.667 F .667(alue is 0 unless the)-.25 F(shell is not e)
-144 283.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0
-(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 300 Q(e)-.18 E F0
-([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108
-312 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264
-(Declare v)144 324 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)
-3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G
-1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 336 S
-3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+.25 F F1(name)108 278.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)
+2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 295.2 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 307.2 R 1.754
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F2
+(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
+(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 319.2 R F1(n)3.709 E F0
+1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
+(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 331.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
+(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is)
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 343.2 Q F2(declar)108 360 Q
+(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2
+(typeset)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5
+E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E
+1.264(Declare v)144 384 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15
+(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1
+(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765
+(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25
+(va)144 396 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
-(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 348 Q F2(name)3.579 E F0
+(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 408 Q F1(name)3.579 E F0
(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When)
-6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name)
+6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1(name)
3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib)
-144 360 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15
+144 420 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15
(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15
-(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 372 R .046
-(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F1
+(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 432 R .046
+(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547 E F0(,)A F2
(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047
-(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 384 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863
-(ariables. The)-.25 F F
1<ad66>3.863 E F0 1.362
+(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 444 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863
+(ariables. The)-.25 F F
2<ad66>3.863 E F0 1.362
(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362
-E F
1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\
-\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 396 R 2.423(utes are)
--.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 408 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E
-F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664
+E F
2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\
+\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 456 R 2.423(utes are)
+-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 468 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E
+F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664
(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382
-(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 420 R(The)
-6.382 E F
1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>3.882 E
+(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 480 R(The)
+6.382 E F
2<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F2<ad66>3.882 E
F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794
-(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 432 R .794
+(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 492 R .794
(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F
-1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 444 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1
-<ad61>144 456 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E
-(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
-.15 E F1<ad66>144 468 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1
-<ad69>144 480 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558
+1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 504 Q(utes:)-.2 E F2
+<ad61>144 516 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E
+(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
+.15 E F2<ad66>144 528 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F2
+<ad69>144 540 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558
-(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 492 Q F0
+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 552 Q F0
(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)
--.25 E F1<ad72>144 504 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047
+-.25 E F2<ad72>144 564 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.047 E F0 5.047
(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546
(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546
-(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 516 Q F1
-<ad74>144 528 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929
-(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)
--.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
-180 540 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E
-(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad78>144 552 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 576 Q F2
+<ad74>144 588 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
+2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929
+(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2(DEB)2.929 E(UG)
+-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
+180 600 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E
+(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad78>144 612 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5
(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E
-(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 568.8 R
+(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 628.8 R
2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2
-F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F
-1.236(to destro)144 580.8 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237
-(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F
+F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F
+1.236(to destro)144 640.8 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237
+(rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F2 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F
(emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib)
-.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.237(used in a)3.737 F .312(function, mak)
-144 592.8 R .312(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.812 E F1 .311
+144 652.8 R .312(es each)-.1 F F1(name)2.812 E F2 .311
(local, as with the local)2.812 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av)
2.811 G .311(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .311(wed by)-.25 F(=)144
-604.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v)
--.25 F .738(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738
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(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G
.739(lid option is).25 F .603
-(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 616.8
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R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na)
--3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 628.8 R
+-3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 688.8 R
1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242
(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243
(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386
-(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 640.8 R F1
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(Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F
-F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 652.8 S .171
+F1(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 712.8 S .171
(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25
F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172
-(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 664.8 R 3.46(fa)
+(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 724.8 R 3.46(fa)
-.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96
-(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 676.8 Q
-(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 693.6
-Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0
--.4(Wi)144 705.6 S .328
-(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
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-(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 717.6 R 1.238
-(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 729.6 Q
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-(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Page: 6 6
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.564
-(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(non-e)144 84
+Q(xistent function with)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A
+F1(dirs [+)108 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E
+F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4(Wi)144 112.8 S .328
+(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
+.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
+(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 124.8 R 1.238
+(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 136.8 Q
+F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 148.8 Q F2(n)A F0
+1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1
(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0
-1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 160.8 Q F1<ad>144 172.8 Q F2
+(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 120 Q F1<ad63>144 132 Q F0
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 184.8 Q F1<ad63>144 196.8 Q F0
(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
-<ad6c>144 144 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324
-(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory)
-180 156 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0
+<ad6c>144 208.8 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
+.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F
+(tory)180 220.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 232.8 Q F0
(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144
-180 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
+244.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772
-G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 192 Q .257(The return v)144 208.8 R .258
+G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 256.8 Q .257(The return v)144 273.6 R .258
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
-.15 F(tory stack.)144 220.8 Q F1(diso)108 237.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+.15 F(tory stack.)144 285.6 Q F1(diso)108 302.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 249.6 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)
+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 314.4 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec)
4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295
(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15
F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .243(and neither)
-144 261.6 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F
+144 326.4 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.743 F
2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243(ent job)
-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .244(If the \255h option)5.243 F .334
-(is gi)144 273.6 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0
+(is gi)144 338.4 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0
.334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334
(rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .333(is not sent to)2.584 F
-1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15
+1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15
G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2
(jobspec)5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F1<ad61>
3.689 E F0 1.19(nor the)3.69 F F1<ad72>3.69 E F0 1.57
-(option is supplied, the)144 297.6 R F2(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F
+(option is supplied, the)144 362.4 R F2(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F
F0 1.57(is used.)4.07 F 1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.569
(is supplied, the)4.379 F F1<ad61>4.069 E F0 1.569(option means to)4.069
-F(remo)144 309.6 Q .903 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603
+F(remo)144 374.4 Q .903 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603
(ark all jobs; the)-3.103 F F1<ad72>3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)
3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.414 E .604
-(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 321.6 R
+(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 386.4 R
(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0
-(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 338.4 Q
+(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 403.2 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
-.395(Output the)144 350.4 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395
+.395(Output the)144 415.2 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395
(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895
(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394
(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F1<ad6e>2.894 E F0 .548
-(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 362.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.)
+(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 427.2 R .548(wline is suppressed.)
-.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F1<ad65>3.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 374.4 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 439.2 Q
.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1
<ad45>2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552
-F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 386.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G
+F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G
4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502
(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003
E F0(shell)4.003 E .009
-(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 398.4 R
+(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 463.2 R
F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters)
-.15 F .659(by def)144 410.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
+.15 F .659(by def)144 475.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659
(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66
-(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 422.4 Q
-F1(\\a)144 434.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 446.4 Q F0
-(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 458.4 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E
-(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 470.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)
-144 482.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 494.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5
-(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 506.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1
-(\\t)144 518.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 530.4 Q F0 -.15
-(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 542.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1
-(\\0)144 554.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E
+(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 487.2 Q
+F1(\\a)144 499.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 511.2 Q F0
+(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 523.2 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E
+(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 535.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)
+144 547.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 559.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5
+(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 571.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1
+(\\t)144 583.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 595.2 Q F0 -.15
+(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 607.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1
+(\\0)144 619.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E
(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 566.4 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 631.2 Q F2(HH)A F0
(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
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-(abled; otherwise,)144 631.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
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(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
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153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
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(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
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(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
-(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 261.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
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6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of)
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--.15 F -.15(exe)144 290.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
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<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the)
.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126
-(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 355.2 Q F0 .659
+(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 427.2 Q F0 .659
(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.159 F .66
(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F1<ad6e>3.16 E F0
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F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v)
-.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294
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F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36
-403.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 420 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
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<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
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(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F2<8c72>4.888 E
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(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F
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-.15 F(of)144 480 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
+.15 F(of)144 552 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
(If)5.277 E F2(last)2.867 E F0 .276
(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092
-(for listing \(so that)144 492 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092
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(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>
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-(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 504 Q
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 528 Q
+(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 576 Q
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 600 Q
F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F
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-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
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(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
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4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F1(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0
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(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
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-340.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 364.8 Q F0 1.166
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-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 400.8 Q
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-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
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1<ad74>3.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he)
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(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F
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+(\214le; if not, the v)144 316.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q F0
+(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 328.8 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144
-240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
-180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .599
-(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598
-(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598
-(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0
-(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \
-the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\
-rent history list.)24.74 F .773
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R
-.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
-(sion.)180 312 Q F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
-\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144
-336 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .625
+340.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
+180 352.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 364.8 Q F0 .598
+(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
+(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599
+(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 376.8 Q F0
+(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .854(Rea\
+d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\
+urrent history list.)24.74 F .772
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 400.8 R
+.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
+(sion.)180 412.8 Q F1<ad72>144 424.8 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
+ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>
+144 436.8 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 448.8 Q F0 .626
(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
-3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
-2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475
+3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
+2.975(output. Does)180 460.8 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .362
-(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 412.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95
+(normal history e)180 472.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 484.8 Q F0
+.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 496.8 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
+(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 513.6 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95
E F0 .28
(is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry)
-2.78 F .539(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .539
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.54(.W)-.55 G .54
-(hen the history \214le is)-5.54 F 1.779(read, lines be)144 436.8 R
-1.779(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.778
+2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 525.6 R .539
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539
+(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 537.6 R
+1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779
(wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424
-(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R 1.424
+(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 549.6 R 1.424
(vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
-, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0
-(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E
-F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E
-(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1
-(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)
-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E
-(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
-(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0
+, an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
+3 E(supplied as an ar)144 573.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
+(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15
+E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108
+590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5
+E F1(jobs \255x)108 602.4 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)
+-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 614.4 Q .3
+-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 626.4 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
-<ad70>144 537.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5
-(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 Q F0
-.193(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)
--.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F
-(\214ed of their status.)180 561.6 Q F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec)
-4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25
+<ad70>144 638.4 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5
+(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 650.4 Q F0
+.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)
+-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F
+(\214ed of their status.)180 662.4 Q F1<ad72>144 674.4 Q F0
+(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0
+(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 703.2 Q F2(jobspec)
+4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
+(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
+-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 715.2 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 631.2 R F1
-<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
-.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
-2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
-F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
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-(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
-(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2
-(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119
-(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2
-(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318
-(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318
-(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319
-(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
-1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
-4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 720 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F
-F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
-F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
-.15 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .28
-(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28
-(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .377
-(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 108 R
-F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
-.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F
-(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
-E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.964 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.134
-(is an arithmetic e)3.854 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
-G 1.135(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.135(ARITHMETIC EV)
-3.635 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(\).)A F0 1.135(If the)5.635 F(last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0
--.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06
-(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06
-(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
--5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.152(yo)
--.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)
-3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .395(If the)
+144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)
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+/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)3.204 F F2(command)
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+3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes)
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+(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 112.8 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2
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+108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
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+(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
+(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 160.8 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
+1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
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+1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 172.8 Q .523(gument of)-.18
+F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
+5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
+.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
+(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 184.8
+R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
+F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 196.8 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
+F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 208.8
+R F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
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+(occurs or an in)144 220.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.)
+.25 E F1(let)108 237.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
+E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 249.6 Q F2(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135
+(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
+G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E
+-.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the)
+5.634 F(last)144 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
+(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1(local)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
+-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 290.4 S
+2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06
+(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
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+(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-213.6 Q F1(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
-.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
--.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.164
-(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
+314.4 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
+(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
+(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 326.4 Q F0 1.165
+(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
-6.165 F F2(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233
-(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233
-F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.092 E F0(is)2.912 E(supplied, or)144
-249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(popd)108 283.2 Q F0
-<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1
-(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299
+6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
+(within a function.)144 338.4 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
+F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
+350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
+(logout)108 367.2 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(map\214le)108 384 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2
+(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(cou)2.5 E F0(nt)144 396 Q F2
+3.212(][)C F1<ad74>-3.212 E F2 3.212(][)C F1<ad75>-3.212 E F2 .712
+(fd] [)3.212 F F1<ad43>A F2(callbac)3.212 E .712(k] [)-.2 F F1<ad63>A F2
+(Iquantum)3.212 E F1 3.212(][)C F2(arr)-3.212 E(ay)-.15 E F1 3.212(]R)C
+.712(ead lines fr)-3.212 F .712(om the standard input into)-.18 F .605
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(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar)
.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3
(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144
-307.2 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
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(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478
(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15
-F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 319.2 Q F2<ad6e>144 331.2 Q F0 .551
+F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 619.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 631.2 Q F0 .551
(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 343.2 Q F2(+)144 355.2 Q F1(n)A
-F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0
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.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
-F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180
-367.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0
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(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
--.65 E F5(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 379.2 Q F1(n)A F0
-(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0
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+(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0
1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180
-391.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F5(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15
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-E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643
-(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643
-E F0 .415(returns f)144 420 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
-.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916
-(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F
-(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 432 Q
-(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0
-(])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372
-(Write the formatted)144 460.8 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372
-(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872
-E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\
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+E F0 2.289(returns f)144 720 R 2.289(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
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+(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-4.79 E(xistent)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q
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-e simply)144 472.8 R .159
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(copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con)
-144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\
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-(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 508.8 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424
-(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424
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-(sequences in the corresponding)144 520.8 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E
-F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976
-(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F2
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3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922
-(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921
-(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 544.8 Q F0
-(causes)3.63 E F2(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63
-F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131
-(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 556.8 Q(The)
-144
580.8 Q F2<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404
+(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921
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232.8 Q F1<ad76>2.904 E F0 .404
(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E
-F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F
-(standard output.)144 592.8 Q(The)144 616.8 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923
-(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format)
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F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 640.8 Q(The return v)5 E
-(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd)
-108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F
1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0
-2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
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--.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 693.6 R 1.316
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2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
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+-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 345.6 R 1.316
(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
-(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 705.6 R 5.871(.A)
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-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 717.6 Q
-(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of \
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-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 96 Q F1(+)144 108 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2
-(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
+(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 369.6 Q
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(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
--.25 F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1<ad>144 132 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3
-F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+-.25 F F1(dirs)180 417.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
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(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
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-E F2(dir)144.35 156 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
+F F1(dirs)180 441.6 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 453.6 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 172.8
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 470.4
R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 184.8 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
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3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-196.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
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ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 208.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 237.6 R .845
+(speci\214ed ne)144 506.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
+(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 535.2 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-
249.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
+
547.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144
261.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+(enabled. If)144
559.2 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 285.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 302.4 S
-(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2(aname)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad64>-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2
-(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)
--.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad74>-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the st\
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-.516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 326.4 Q F1
-<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 571.2 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 583.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108 600 S(ad)
+.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2(aname)2.5 E
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+F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>
+-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the stand\
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+(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 624 Q F1<ad75>
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(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E
-F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
+F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 350.4 R .54(wer w)-.25
-F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
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+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 648 R .54(wer w)-.25 F
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+e assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 660 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 374.4 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 672 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 410.4 R 1.049
-(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 684 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 696 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
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+(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F2(aname)180.33 720 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
+E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
+F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0
+(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 458.4 Q F0 .372
+F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
-(to obtain the line.)180 470.4 Q F1<ad69>144 482.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
-E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
+(sed)-2.873 E(to obtain the line.)180 120 Q F1<ad69>144 132 Q F2(te)2.5
+E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .215(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 494.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 506.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 518.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+-.25 F(ing be)180 144 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 168 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
--.1 F(input.)180 530.4 Q F1<ad70>144 542.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 554.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 566.4 Q
-2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.1 F(input.)180 180 Q F1<ad70>144 192 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
+(Display)180 204 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)
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+(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 216 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
+(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 578.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 228 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 590.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 240 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 602.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 614.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 626.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
-G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
+<ad74>144 264 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 276 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
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(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 638.4 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42
-(fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.92 G(ad).18 E F0 .42
-(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 650.4 Q F1
-<ad75>144 662.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46
-E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 679.2 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
-F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
-(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.217
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 691.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.717 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.717 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.218
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 703.2 Q
-(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q
-(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A
-F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37
-E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
-(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
-(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 108 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 120 Q 2.873(ed. The)-.1
-F F1<ad61>2.873 E F0 .373(option restricts the v)2.873 F .372
+180 288 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
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+F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 340.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191
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+F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
+(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.218
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 352.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.718 G(ad)
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+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 405.6 R
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+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 417.6 Q 2.872(ed. The)
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(ariables to arrays.)-.25 F .372(If no)5.372 F F2(name)3.232 E F0(ar)
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-F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .796
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.296 F
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+F F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0 .796
+(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.297 F
(The)5.796 E F1<ad70>3.296 E F0 .796(option causes output to be)3.296 F
-.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 144 R .828
-(If a v)5.828 F .828(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .827(wed by =)-.25 F
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.327(,t)C(he)-3.327 E -.25(va)144 156 S .404
-(lue of the v).25 F .404(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.904 E(d)-.37
-E F0 5.404(.T)C .405(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.404 F -.25
-(va)-.4 G .405(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.07(one of the)144 168
-R F2(names)3.929 E F0 1.069(is not a v)3.839 F 1.069(alid shell v)-.25 F
-1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.569 E F0 1.069
+.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 441.6 R .828
+(If a v)5.828 F .828(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .828(wed by =)-.25 F
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.328(,t)C(he)-3.328 E -.25(va)144 453.6 S .405
+(lue of the v).25 F .405(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.905 E(d)-.37
+E F0 5.405(.T)C .404(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.405 F -.25
+(va)-.4 G .404(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.069(one of the)144
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+
-.25 F 1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.569 E F0 1.069
(is supplied with a)3.569 F F2(name)3.929 E F0 1.069(that is not a)3.749
-F(function.)144 180 Q F1 -.18(re)108 196.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5
-E F2(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 208.8 R .587
+F(function.)144 477.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 494.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)
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(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087
-E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587
+E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586
(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
+(that of the last command e)144 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 232.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
+144 530.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
-(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
-(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.106
-E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 256.8 R .082
+(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794
+(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 542.4 R F2(n)3.105
+E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246
+(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 554.4 R .082
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
-(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082
-(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 268.8 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F
-4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN)
-4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e)
+(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081
+(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 566.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F
+4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN)
+4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 280.8 Q F1(set)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+144 578.4 Q F1(set)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 309.6 Q F0
+E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 607.2 Q F0
([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 321.6 S
-.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 333.6
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 345.6 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 619.2 S
+.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
+.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 631.2
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 643.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
-(locale. When)144 357.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .202
-(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 369.6 R .202
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
+(locale. When)144 655.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
+3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
+-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F .202
+(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 667.2 R .202
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned,)-.25 F(in order)
-144 381.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+144 679.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 393.6 Q
-F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
-(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F
-.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 405.6 Q
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 417.6 Q F0 .131
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 691.2 Q
+F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
+(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
+(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 703.2 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
+-.4 E F1<ad62>144 715.2 Q F0 .132
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 429.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 441.6 Q F0
-1.694(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2 1.693(simple command)4.193 F F0
-(\(see)4.193 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.693(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.193 F F0(abo)
-3.943 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.193(\)e).15 G 1.693(xits with a)-4.343 F .011
-(non-zero status.)184 453.6 R .011(The shell does not e)5.011 F .011
-(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .012(ails is part of the command)-.1 F
-.719(list immediately follo)184 465.6 R .719(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
-3.219 E F0(or)3.219 E F1(until)3.219 E F0 -.1(ke)3.219 G(yw)-.05 E .719
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(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
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-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 240 Q F0 1.165
+.15 F(tor)184 438 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 462 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
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+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 474 Q F1
+<ad48>144 486 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
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(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
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-(that change the current w)184 252 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
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E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
276 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
546 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+558 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
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(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 324 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 582 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 594 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 606 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-348 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 360 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144
-388.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+618 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
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+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
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+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 642 Q .425(The options are of)144
+658.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 670.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
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5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
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-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
-.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
-(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
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-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 590.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
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+(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 108 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0
+(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
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+(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144
+(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 144 Q F1(shopt)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)-2.5 E
+F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 172.8 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v)
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+E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \
+indication of whether or not each is set.)144 184.8 R(The)144 196.8 Q F1
+<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\
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+144 220.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1<ad71>144 244.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\
+\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E
+F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 256.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2
+(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 268.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 280.8 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 297.6 R F1
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+(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
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+(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
+1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 321.6 Q(ault.)
+-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
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+(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
+144 350.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 362.4 Q(The list of)144 379.2 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 397.2 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 114 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 409.2 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 126 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 138 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 421.2 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 433.2 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 150 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 162 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 445.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 457.2 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 174 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 186 R 4.352 -.65(y. I)
--.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
+10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 469.2 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
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(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 198 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
-E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 210 Q F0 2.079
-(If set,)184 222 R F1(bash)4.579 E F0 2.079
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F 2.08
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 234 S(cute it.).15 E
+(the command proceeds.)184 493.2 Q
+(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 505.2 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 517.2 R F1(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 529.2 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 246 Q
-F0 .449(If set,)184 258 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 270 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
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-(attempted without an interv)184 282 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 F
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-(checkwinsize)144 306 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 318 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0
-.796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797
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(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-354 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 366 Q
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--.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the conditional command')184 390 Q 2.5(s=)-.55
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-(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F
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-Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
-(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 426 Q
-(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
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-E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 438 Q F0
-.717(If set, aliases are e)184 450 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15
-F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716
-(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 462 Q(ault for interacti)-.1
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-(If set, beha)184 486 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E
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-F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251
-G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 510 Q
-(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 522 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5
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+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 673.2 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
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+E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3
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F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F
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-Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 546 Q F0 .84
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+Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 228 Q F0 .84
(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
-(exe)220 558 S .488
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(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
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-(sour)220 570 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1
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-582 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0
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1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220
-594 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 606 Q F0 1.359
+276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 288 Q F0 1.359
(Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359
(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
-618 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10
+300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10
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-184 630 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805
-(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 642
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Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4
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-(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 654 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4
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(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 666 Q
-F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 678 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 690 R
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F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973
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-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 714 Q F0
+(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 384 Q
+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 396 Q F0
1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424
-(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 726 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
--.55 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
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-(when performing w)184 108 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329(pletions. See)184 120 R/F2
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--.1 E F1(gnu_errfmt)144 144 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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-168 Q F0 .384
+(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 408 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
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+184 468 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar)144 480 Q F0 .44(If set, the pattern)5
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+504 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 516 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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+540 Q F0 .384
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-180 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 204 Q(eedit)-.18
-E F0 .575(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
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+E F0 .575(If set, and)184 588 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576
(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
-(tory substitution.)184 228 Q F1(histv)144 240 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
-(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
+(tory substitution.)184 600 Q F1(histv)144 612 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
+(If set, and)184 624 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 264 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
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-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 276 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
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2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 288 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
+(hostcomplete)144 660 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 672 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
-312 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
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(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
-F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 324 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
-(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 336 Q F0(If set,)
-184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)144 84 Q F0(If set,)184 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
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-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 360 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0
-.33(If set, allo)184 372 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 108 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0
+.33(If set, allo)184 120 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 384 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25
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H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
-G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 396 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 408 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F F1
+G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 144 Q
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(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)
3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)
--3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 420 Q
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(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(login_shell)144 432 Q F0 .486
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-444 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 456 S(lue may not be changed.).25
-E F1(mailwar)144 468 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184
-480 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814
+192 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve)
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+E F1(mailwar)144 216 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184
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(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F
--.1(wa)184 492 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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-(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18
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(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E
F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH)
-.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F
-(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1
-(nocaseglob)144 540 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436
+(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 276 Q F1
+(nocaseglob)144 288 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436
(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25
-H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 564 S
+H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 312 S
(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 576 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184
-588 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
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3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05
-F(while e)184 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5
-E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 612 Q F0
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(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854
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--3.354 E -.15(ex)184 636 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv)
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+(If set, the programmable completion f)184 408 R .677(acilities \(see)
-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 672 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 684 Q(omptv)
--.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 696 R 1.448
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 420 Q
+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 432 Q(omptv)
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(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)
--.15 F -.15(ex)184 708 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
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G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)
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-E(This option is enabled by def)184 720 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72
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(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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-108 Q 4.178(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678
-(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678
-(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)184 120
-S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1
-(shift_v)144 132 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 144 R F1(shift)
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+(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F
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(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
-(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 156 Q F1(sour)
-144 168 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 180 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce)
+(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 552 Q F1(sour)
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-(\214le supplied as an ar)184 192 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
-(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 204 Q F0
-(If set, the)184 216 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
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+(If set, the)184 612 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
-108 228 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .493(Suspend the e)144 240 R -.15
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(xe)-.15 G .493(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.992(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 2.992(signal. The)2.742 F F1<ad66>2.992 E
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-(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 252 R(yw)-.15 E
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(ay)-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .759
(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)-5.758 F(login shell and)
-144
264 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
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660 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
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-(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G
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(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F
-1.89(described abo)144 312 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
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F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889
-(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 324 Q
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(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
-E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 342 R .786
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(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5
-(dence. The)144 354 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
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-(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 366 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G
-(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
-144 378 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77
-F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26
+(dence. The)144 96 R -.25(eva)2.5 G(luation depends on the number of ar)
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+(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()
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(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 390 Q F3 -.2(ex)
-144 402 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
-(Tr)180 414 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
--.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 426 S(pr1).2 E
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-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 508.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 214.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
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+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 250.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 520.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .38
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 286.8 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 556.8 Q .552
-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
-(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
-(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 568.8 Q
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
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-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 580.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 592.8 R .023
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+(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 334.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
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1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
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-.18 F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0
.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 628.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
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R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
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-F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 652.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F
+F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 394.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F
(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875
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--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 676.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385
-(If the \214rst ar)180 688.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0
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(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 700.8 R 4.147
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(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve)
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-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 108
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-1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
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-Q F1(trap)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
-.703(The command)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703
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+(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
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(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2
(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single)
-144
177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
+144
560.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.659(\(the v)144 189.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
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-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 201.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
+144.34 584.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 213.6 R
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 596.4 R
F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144
225.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144
608.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144
237.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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620.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
-(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
+(bers. Each)144 632.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811
(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745
-(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
+(names are case insensiti)144 644.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec)
-3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745
-(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F2(ar)144.33 273.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)
-4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)
--.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)
--.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.63(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.46 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)
-144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0
-(,)A F2(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)
-3.706 E F2(select)3.706 E F0 1.206(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 297.6 Q F0 .412
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412
-(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0
-(abo)144 309.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666(\). Refer).15 F .166
-(to the description of the)2.666 F F1(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166
-(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)2.666 G .166
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the)144 321.6 R F1
-(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E F2(sigspec)
-3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508(the command)2.758 F
-F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .509
-(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509(imple com-)-3.009
-F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 333.6 R 2.506
+3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F
+F2(ar)144.33 656.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629
+(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2
+(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63
+(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 668.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2
+1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E
+F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.706 E F0 1.206
+(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144
+680.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 692.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666
+(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F1(extdeb)2.666
+E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)
+2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the)
+144 704.4 R F1(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E
+F2(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508
+(the command)2.758 F F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .509(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509
+(imple com-)-3.009 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 716.4 R 2.506
(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F
(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144
-345.6 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
+728.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
-(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0 -.1
-(ke)144 357.6 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)
-3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.549(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF<efef>
-3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 369.6 R 3.077
-(sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578
-(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F1
-(err)144 381.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F2
-(sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531
-(the command)2.781 F F2(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316
-(or a script e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F1
-(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F1(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G
-.317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F
-.317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787
-(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 405.6 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787
+(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0
+(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.1(ke)144
+84 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)
+5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .549(cuted in a).15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)
+3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<efef>3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)
+3.049 F .577(the command')144 96 R 3.077(sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F
+.577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F2(!)
+3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F
+.578(yed by the)-.15 F F2(err)144 108 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)
+3.031 F(a)3.031 E F1(sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(RETURN)3.031 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .531(the command)2.781 F F1
+(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .53
+(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316(or a script e)144 120 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2
+(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F .317(ignored upon entry to)
+2.817 F .787(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 132 R -.35(Tr)
+5.787 G .787
(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
-(original v)144 417.6 R 1.1
-(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1
-(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)
-3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1
-(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4
-(Wi)144 458.4 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G
-(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
+(original v)144 144 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
+-.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1
+(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 156 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
+.25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 184.8 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.674 E F1(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 470.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
-F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
-(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 482.4 Q F0 .087
+F2<ad74>144 196.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1
+(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 208.8 Q F0 .087
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1
(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 494.4 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 220.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 506.4 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
+F2<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 232.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-518.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
-(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
-<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 530.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
+244.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
+(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2
+<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F4 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 256.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613
-F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
-(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F
1<ad70>
-2.612 E F0(and)144
542.4 Q F1<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)
+F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
+(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F
2<ad70>
+2.612 E F0(and)144
268.8 Q F2<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)
2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
--.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1
-<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 554.4 R F1(type)2.765
+-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F5(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F2
+<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 280.8 R F2(type)2.765
E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the)
-144
566.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+144
292.8 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549
-(consulted when using)144
578.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
--5.549 E F
1<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1
-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 590.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
-(returns true if an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ar)-2.5 E
-(guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108
-607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E
-F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 619.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+(consulted when using)144
304.8 R F2<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
+-5.549 E F
2<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F2
+(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 316.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
+(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 333.6
+Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 345.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 631.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F
1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.944(that allo)144 357.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F
2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 369.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 655.2 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
1<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F
1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 381.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
2<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F
2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-667.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+393.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 679.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 405.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144
703.2 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144
429.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 715.2 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 441.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
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+465.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 477.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 501.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 513.6 Q
+F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 525.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 537.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 549.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2<ad6e>144 561.6 Q F0 .791(The \
+maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 573.6 Q F2<ad70>144 585.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
+<ad71>144 597.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
+609.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
+621.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 645.6 Q
+F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 657.6 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F2<ad78>144 669.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2<ad54>144 681.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 E
+F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
+(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2<ad61>
+2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
+.175(option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>
+2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F2
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 722.4
+Q F2<ad70>3.564 E F0 3.564(,w)C 1.064
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-3.564 F F2<ad54>3.563 E F0(,)
+A F2<ad62>3.563 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>3.563 E F0 3.563(,a)C(nd)-3.563 E F2
+<ad75>3.563 E F0 3.563(,w)C 1.063(hich are unscaled)-3.563 F
+(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 20 20
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E
-F1<ad62>144 96 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 108 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>144 120 Q F0
-(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E
-(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 144 Q F0
-(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
-E F1<ad69>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
-<ad6c>144 168 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 180 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1<ad6e>144 192 Q F0 .791(The ma\
-ximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)24.74
-F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-204 Q F1<ad70>144 216 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-264 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-276 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 288 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 300 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 312 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 328.8 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144 340.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 352.8
-Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 364.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
-(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-376.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 405.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E -.25(va)144
+84 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
+(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 96
+Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 112.8 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 124.8 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 417.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-429.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+148.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 441.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 453.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 465.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 482.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 494.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 213.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 506.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 523.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 535.2 S 3.107
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.107
(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 547.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 266.4 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 559.2 Q F0 .46
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 278.4 Q F0 .46
(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 571.2 R .902
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 290.4 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.903 E(an)144 583.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 302.4 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144
-595.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
+314.4 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329
-(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 607.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
-(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 636 S .288
+(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 326.4 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
+(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 355.2 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 648 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
-(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
--3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
-(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 660 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 367.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
+(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
+F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 672 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 391.2 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 684 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 700.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 420 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+432 Q(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Tue Apr 8 09:14:15 2008
+%%CreationDate: Thu May 29 11:48:42 2008
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 25 10:48:26 EDT 2008
+@set LASTCHANGE Mon Jun 2 20:32:28 EDT 2008
@set EDITION 4.0
@set VERSION 4.0
-@set UPDATED 25 May 2008
-@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2008
+@set UPDATED 2 June 2008
+@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2008
Copyright (C) 1988-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 4 22:23:58 EDT 2008
+@set LASTCHANGE Sun May 25 10:48:26 EDT 2008
@set EDITION 4.0
@set VERSION 4.0
-@set UPDATED 4 May 2008
+@set UPDATED 25 May 2008
@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2008
/* Miscellaneous functions from parse.y */
extern int yyparse __P((void));
extern int return_EOF __P((void));
+extern char *xparse_dolparen __P((char *, char *, int *, int));
extern void reset_parser __P((void));
extern WORD_LIST *parse_string_to_word_list __P((char *, int, const char *));
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/spell.c */
extern int spname __P((char *, char *));
+extern char *dirspell __P((char *));
/* declarations for functions defined in lib/sh/strcasecmp.c */
#if !defined (HAVE_STRCASECMP)
/* Functions local to this file. */
-static void run_sigchld_trap __P((int));
-
static sighandler wait_sigint_handler __P((int));
static sighandler sigchld_handler __P((int));
static sighandler sigcont_sighandler __P((int));
/* Call a SIGCHLD trap handler for each child that exits, if one is set. */
if (job_control && signal_is_trapped (SIGCHLD) && children_exited &&
trap_list[SIGCHLD] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG)
- run_sigchld_trap (children_exited);
+ {
+ if (this_shell_builtin && this_shell_builtin == wait_builtin)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately = 0;
+ trap_handler (SIGCHLD); /* set pending_traps[SIGCHLD] */
+ wait_signal_received = SIGCHLD;
+ longjmp (wait_intr_buf, 1);
+ }
+
+ run_sigchld_trap (children_exited);
+ }
/* We have successfully recorded the useful information about this process
that has just changed state. If we notify asynchronously, and the job
#endif
}
-static void
+void
run_sigchld_trap (nchild)
int nchild;
{
subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL;
- restore_default_signal (SIGCHLD);
+ set_impossible_sigchld_trap ();
jobs_list_frozen = 1;
for (i = 0; i < nchild; i++)
{
/* Functions local to this file. */
-static void run_sigchld_trap __P((int));
-
static sighandler wait_sigint_handler __P((int));
static sighandler sigchld_handler __P((int));
static sighandler sigcont_sighandler __P((int));
/* XXX - should this be interrupt_state? If it is, the shell will act
as if it got the SIGINT interrupt. */
wait_sigint_received = 1;
+
/* Otherwise effectively ignore the SIGINT and allow the running job to
be killed. */
SIGRETURN (0);
/* Call a SIGCHLD trap handler for each child that exits, if one is set. */
if (job_control && signal_is_trapped (SIGCHLD) && children_exited &&
trap_list[SIGCHLD] != (char *)IGNORE_SIG)
- run_sigchld_trap (children_exited);
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && this_shell_builtin && this_shell_builtin == wait_builtin)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately = 0;
+ trap_handler (SIGCHLD); /* set pending_traps[SIGCHLD] */
+ wait_signal_received = SIGCHLD;
+ longjmp (wait_intr_buf, 1);
+ }
+
+ run_sigchld_trap (children_exited);
+ }
/* We have successfully recorded the useful information about this process
that has just changed state. If we notify asynchronously, and the job
#endif
}
-static void
+void
run_sigchld_trap (nchild)
int nchild;
{
subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL;
- restore_default_signal (SIGCHLD);
+ set_impossible_sigchld_trap ();
jobs_list_frozen = 1;
for (i = 0; i < nchild; i++)
{
extern void initialize_job_signals __P((void));
extern int give_terminal_to __P((pid_t, int));
+extern void run_sigchld_trap __P((int));
+
extern void unfreeze_jobs_list __P((void));
extern int set_job_control __P((int));
extern void without_job_control __P((void));
static int yy_string_get __P((void));
static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
+static void rewind_input_string __P((void));
static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
static int read_token __P((int));
static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+static char *parse_comsub __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
#endif
init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
}
+/* Count the number of characters we've consumed from bash_input.location.string
+ and read into shell_input_line, but have not returned from shell_getc.
+ That is the true input location. Rewind bash_input.location.string by
+ that number of characters, so it points to the last character actually
+ consumed by the parser. */
+void
+rewind_input_string ()
+{
+ int xchars;
+
+ /* number of unconsumed characters in the input -- XXX need to take newlines
+ into account, e.g., $(...\n) */
+ xchars = shell_input_line_len - shell_input_line_index;
+
+ /* XXX - how to reflect bash_input.location.string back to string passed to
+ parse_and_execute or xparse_dolparen? xparse_dolparen needs to know how
+ far into the string we parsed. parse_and_execute knows where bash_input.
+ location.string is, and how far from orig_string that is -- that's the
+ number of characters the command consumed. */
+
+ /* bash_input.location.string - xchars should be where we parsed to */
+ /* need to do more validation on xchars value for sanity -- test cases. */
+ bash_input.location.string -= xchars;
+}
+
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Let input come from STREAM. */
#define LEX_HEREDELIM 0x100 /* reading here-doc delimiter */
#define LEX_STRIPDOC 0x200 /* <<- strip tabs from here doc delim */
-#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) = '|')
+#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) == '|')
#define CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR() \
do { \
int open, close;
int *lenp, flags;
{
- int count, ch, was_dollar, in_comment, check_comment;
- int pass_next_character, backq_backslash, nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ int count, ch, tflags;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
int retind, retsize, rflags;
/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c", open, close); */
count = 1;
- pass_next_character = backq_backslash = was_dollar = in_comment = 0;
- check_comment = (flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0;
+ tflags = 0;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
/* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
start_lineno = line_number;
while (count)
{
- ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0 && backq_backslash == 0);
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0);
if (ch == EOF)
{
if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
prompt_again ();
- if (in_comment)
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment
+ or part of a case statement */
+ if (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT)
{
/* Add this character. */
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
ret[retind++] = ch;
if (ch == '\n')
- in_comment = 0;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
continue;
}
+
/* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
extract_delimited_string(). */
- else if MBTEST(check_comment && in_comment == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || whitespace (ret[retind - 1])))
- in_comment = 1;
-
- /* last char was backslash inside backquoted command substitution */
- if (backq_backslash)
- {
- backq_backslash = 0;
- /* Placeholder for adding special characters */
- }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || whitespace (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
- if (pass_next_character) /* last char was backslash */
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
{
- pass_next_character = 0;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
{
- if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
continue;
}
else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
count--;
/* handle nested ${...} specially. */
- else if MBTEST(open != close && was_dollar && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
+ else if MBTEST(open != close && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
count++;
else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
count++;
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
ret[retind++] = ch;
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
{
if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
- pass_next_character++;
-#if 0
- else if MBTEST((flags & P_BACKQUOTE) && ch == '\\')
- backq_backslash++;
-#endif
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
continue;
}
if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
- pass_next_character++;
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ /* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
+ inside old-style command substitution. */
if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
{
if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
{
/* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
- if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
else
nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
- {
- free (ret);
- return &matched_pair_error;
- }
- if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
{
/* Translate $'...' here. */
ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
}
retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
}
- else if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
{
/* Locale expand $"..." here. */
ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
}
- if (nestlen)
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
- strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
- retind += nestlen;
- }
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
FREE (nestret);
}
}
else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
{
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
-add_nestret:
- if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(open != '`' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ {
+ if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
+ }
+
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Parse a $(...) command substitution. This is messier than I'd like, and
+ reproduces a lot more of the token-reading code than I'd like. */
+static char *
+parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, peekc, tflags, lex_rwlen, lex_firstind;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans, *heredelim;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags, hdlen;
+
+/*itrace("parse_comsub: qc = `%c' open = %c close = %c", qc, open, close);*/
+ count = 1;
+ tflags = LEX_RESWDOK;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCASE;
+ if ((tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (interactive == 0 || interactive_comments))
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+
+ while (count)
+ {
+comsub_readchar:
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+eof_error:
+ free (ret);
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* If we hit the end of a line and are reading the contents of a here
+ document, and it's not the same line that the document starts on,
+ check for this line being the here doc delimiter. Otherwise, if
+ we're in a here document, mark the next character as the beginning
+ of a line. */
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) && heredelim)
{
- free (ret);
- return &matched_pair_error;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
}
- if (nestlen)
+ else if (tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC)
{
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
- strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
- retind += nestlen;
+ int tind;
+ tind = lex_firstind;
+ while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
+ tind++;
+ if (STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
}
- FREE (nestret);
}
-#if 0
- else if MBTEST(qc == '`' && (ch == '"' || ch == '\'') && in_comment == 0)
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment */
+ if (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_INHEREDOC))
{
- /* Add P_BACKQUOTE so backslash quotes the next character and
- shell_getc does the right thing with \<newline>. We do this for
- a measure of backwards compatibility -- it's not strictly the
- right POSIX thing. */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags|P_BACKQUOTE);
- goto add_nestret;
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) && ch == '\n')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip whitespace */
+ if MBTEST(shellblank (ch) && lex_rwlen == 0)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Either we are looking for the start of the here-doc delimiter
+ (lex_firstind == -1) or we are reading one (lex_firstind >= 0).
+ If this character is a shell break character and we are reading
+ the delimiter, save it and note that we are now reading a here
+ document. If we've found the start of the delimiter, note it by
+ setting lex_firstind. Backslashes can quote shell metacharacters
+ in here-doc delimiters. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM)
+ {
+ if (lex_firstind == -1 && shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+ lex_firstind = retind;
+ else if (lex_firstind >= 0 && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ nestret = substring (ret, lex_firstind, retind);
+ heredelim = string_quote_removal (nestret, 0);
+ free (nestret);
+ hdlen = STRLEN(heredelim);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc delimiter `%s' (%d)", line_number, heredelim, hdlen);*/
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
}
+
+ /* Meta-characters that can introduce a reserved word. Not perfect yet. */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && shellmeta(ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (ch == peekc && (ch == '&' || ch == '|' || ch == ';')) /* two-character tokens */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch); */
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == '\n' || COMSUB_META(ch))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ else
+ {
+ /* `unget' the character we just added and fall through */
+ retind--;
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we can read a reserved word, try to read one. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK)
+ {
+ if MBTEST(islower (ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ lex_rwlen++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(lex_rwlen == 4 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "case", 4))
+{
+ tflags |= LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `case', lex_incase -> 1", line_number);*/
+}
+ else if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "esac", 4))
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `esac', lex_incase -> 0", line_number);*/
+}
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+ }
+ else if (shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
+}
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && ch == '<')
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == ch)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == '-')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ tflags |= LEX_STRIPDOC;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ ch = peekc; /* fall through and continue XXX - this skips comments if peekc == '#' */
+ }
+ /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
+ any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
+ extract_delimited_string(). */
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || shellblank (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if 0
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch == close && close == ')')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE; /* XXX */
#endif
- else if MBTEST(open != '`' && was_dollar && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
- /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) /* ending delimiter */
+{
+ count--;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found close: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
+}
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...). */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside command substitution. */
{
- if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
count--;
if (ch == '(') /* ) */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
else if (ch == '{') /* } */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
- goto add_nestret;
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
}
- was_dollar = MBTEST(ch == '$');
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
}
+ FREE (heredelim);
ret[retind] = '\0';
if (lenp)
*lenp = retind;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: returning `%s'", line_number, ret);*/
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* XXX - this needs to handle functionality like subst.c:no_longjmp_on_fatal_error;
+ maybe extract_command_subst should handle it. */
+char *
+xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags)
+ char *base;
+ char *string;
+ int *indp;
+ int flags;
+{
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ int orig_ind, nc, sflags;
+ char *ret, *s, *ep, *ostring;
+
+ /*yydebug = 1;*/
+ orig_ind = *indp;
+ ostring = string;
+
+ sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE;
+ if (flags & 0x010) /* EX_NOLONGJMP */
+ sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP;
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+
+ /*(*/
+ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN; /* allow instant ')' */ /*(*/
+ shell_eof_token = ')';
+ parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &ep);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ reset_parser ();
+ if (interactive)
+ token_to_read = 0;
+
+ /* Need to find how many characters parse_and_execute consumed, update
+ *indp, if flags != 0, copy the portion of the string parsed into RET
+ and return it. If flags & 1 (EX_NOALLOC) we can return NULL. */
+
+ /*(*/
+ if (ep[-1] != ')')
+ {
+#if DEBUG
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: ep[-1] != RPAREN (%d), ep = `%s'", line_number, ep[-1], ep);
+#endif
+ while (ep > ostring && ep[-1] == '\n') ep--;
+ }
+
+ nc = ep - ostring;
+ *indp = ep - base - 1;
+
+ /*(*/
+#if DEBUG
+ if (base[*indp] != ')')
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: base[%d] != RPAREN (%d), base = `%s'", line_number, *indp, base[*indp], base);
+#endif
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ return (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (nc == 0)
+ {
+ ret = xmalloc (1);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ ret = substring (ostring, 0, nc - 1);
+
return ret;
}
no longer than PATH_MAX - 1 characters. */
strcpy (t_string, polite_directory_format (t_string));
+ temp = trim_pathname (t_string, PATH_MAX - 1);
/* If we're going to be expanding the prompt string later,
quote the directory name. */
if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
--- /dev/null
+/* Yacc grammar for bash. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+ Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+ version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ with Bash; see the file LICENSE. If not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */
+
+%{
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_H)
+# include <locale.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "memalloc.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#define NEED_STRFTIME_DECL /* used in externs.h */
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+#include "test.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+#include "builtins/builtext.h"
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+# include "bashline.h"
+# include <readline/readline.h>
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "bashhist.h"
+# include <readline/history.h>
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+# include "jobs.h"
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# include "alias.h"
+#else
+typedef void *alias_t;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+# ifndef _MINIX
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# endif
+# include <time.h>
+# if defined (TM_IN_SYS_TIME)
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# endif /* TM_IN_SYS_TIME */
+# include "maxpath.h"
+#endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+#define RE_READ_TOKEN -99
+#define NO_EXPANSION -100
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 1
+#else
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte \
+ ((shell_input_line_index > 1) \
+ ? shell_input_line_property[shell_input_line_index - 1] \
+ : 1)
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x) && last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte)
+#else
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte 1
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x))
+#endif
+
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+extern int extended_glob;
+#endif
+
+extern int eof_encountered;
+extern int no_line_editing, running_under_emacs;
+extern int current_command_number;
+extern int sourcelevel;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name;
+extern char *dist_version;
+extern int patch_level;
+extern int dump_translatable_strings, dump_po_strings;
+extern sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+extern int bash_input_fd_changed;
+#endif
+
+extern int errno;
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* "Forward" declarations */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void debug_parser __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_getc __P((void));
+static int yy_ungetc __P((int));
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static int yy_readline_get __P((void));
+static int yy_readline_unget __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_string_get __P((void));
+static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
+static void rewind_input_string __P((void));
+static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
+static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
+
+static int shell_getc __P((int));
+static void shell_ungetc __P((int));
+static void discard_until __P((int));
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+static void push_string __P((char *, int, alias_t *));
+static void pop_string __P((void));
+static void free_string_list __P((void));
+#endif
+
+static char *read_a_line __P((int));
+
+static int reserved_word_acceptable __P((int));
+static int yylex __P((void));
+static int alias_expand_token __P((char *));
+static int time_command_acceptable __P((void));
+static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
+static int read_token __P((int));
+static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+static char *parse_comsub __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static int parse_dparen __P((int));
+static int parse_arith_cmd __P((char **, int));
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void cond_error __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_expr __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_or __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_and __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_term __P((void));
+static int cond_skip_newlines __P((void));
+static COMMAND *parse_cond_command __P((void));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static int token_is_assignment __P((char *, int));
+static int token_is_ident __P((char *, int));
+#endif
+static int read_token_word __P((int));
+static void discard_parser_constructs __P((int));
+
+static char *error_token_from_token __P((int));
+static char *error_token_from_text __P((void));
+static void print_offending_line __P((void));
+static void report_syntax_error __P((char *));
+
+static void handle_eof_input_unit __P((void));
+static void prompt_again __P((void));
+#if 0
+static void reset_readline_prompt __P((void));
+#endif
+static void print_prompt __P((void));
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void set_line_mbstate __P((void));
+static char *shell_input_line_property = NULL;
+#else
+# define set_line_mbstate()
+#endif
+
+extern int yyerror __P((const char *));
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+
+/* Default prompt strings */
+char *primary_prompt = PPROMPT;
+char *secondary_prompt = SPROMPT;
+
+/* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */
+char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt;
+
+/* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through
+ ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */
+char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+char *current_prompt_string;
+
+/* Non-zero means we expand aliases in commands. */
+int expand_aliases = 0;
+
+/* If non-zero, the decoded prompt string undergoes parameter and
+ variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic substitution,
+ string expansion, process substitution, and quote removal in
+ decode_prompt_string. */
+int promptvars = 1;
+
+/* If non-zero, $'...' and $"..." are expanded when they appear within
+ a ${...} expansion, even when the expansion appears within double
+ quotes. */
+int extended_quote = 1;
+
+/* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if
+ editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */
+static char *current_decoded_prompt;
+
+/* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */
+int current_command_line_count;
+
+/* The token that currently denotes the end of parse. */
+int shell_eof_token;
+
+/* The token currently being read. */
+int current_token;
+
+/* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to
+ defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */
+static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10];
+int need_here_doc;
+
+/* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each
+ line when the shell is interactive. */
+static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+static int shell_input_line_index;
+static int shell_input_line_size; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */
+static int shell_input_line_len; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+/* Either zero or EOF. */
+static int shell_input_line_terminator;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function definition starts. */
+static int function_dstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function body starts. */
+static int function_bstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script at which an arithmetic for command starts. */
+static int arith_for_lineno;
+
+/* The current parser state. */
+static int parser_state;
+
+/* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context
+ checking. */
+static int last_read_token;
+
+/* The token read prior to last_read_token. */
+static int token_before_that;
+
+/* The token read prior to token_before_that. */
+static int two_tokens_ago;
+
+/* The line number in a script where the word in a `case WORD', `select WORD'
+ or `for WORD' begins. This is a nested command maximum, since the array
+ index is decremented after a case, select, or for command is parsed. */
+#define MAX_CASE_NEST 128
+static int word_lineno[MAX_CASE_NEST];
+static int word_top = -1;
+
+/* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return
+ regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This
+ is reset by read_token. If token_to_read == WORD or
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD, yylval.word should be set to word_desc_to_read. */
+static int token_to_read;
+static WORD_DESC *word_desc_to_read;
+
+static REDIRECTEE redir;
+%}
+
+%union {
+ WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */
+ int number; /* the number that we read. */
+ WORD_LIST *word_list;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+ ELEMENT element;
+ PATTERN_LIST *pattern;
+}
+
+/* Reserved words. Members of the first group are only recognized
+ in the case that they are preceded by a list_terminator. Members
+ of the second group are for [[...]] commands. Members of the
+ third group are recognized only under special circumstances. */
+%token IF THEN ELSE ELIF FI CASE ESAC FOR SELECT WHILE UNTIL DO DONE FUNCTION
+%token COND_START COND_END COND_ERROR
+%token IN BANG TIME TIMEOPT
+
+/* More general tokens. yylex () knows how to make these. */
+%token <word> WORD ASSIGNMENT_WORD
+%token <number> NUMBER
+%token <word_list> ARITH_CMD ARITH_FOR_EXPRS
+%token <command> COND_CMD
+%token AND_AND OR_OR GREATER_GREATER LESS_LESS LESS_AND LESS_LESS_LESS
+%token GREATER_AND SEMI_SEMI SEMI_AND SEMI_SEMI_AND
+%token LESS_LESS_MINUS AND_GREATER AND_GREATER_GREATER LESS_GREATER
+%token GREATER_BAR BAR_AND
+
+/* The types that the various syntactical units return. */
+
+%type <command> inputunit command pipeline pipeline_command
+%type <command> list list0 list1 compound_list simple_list simple_list1
+%type <command> simple_command shell_command
+%type <command> for_command select_command case_command group_command
+%type <command> arith_command
+%type <command> cond_command
+%type <command> arith_for_command
+%type <command> function_def function_body if_command elif_clause subshell
+%type <redirect> redirection redirection_list
+%type <element> simple_command_element
+%type <word_list> word_list pattern
+%type <pattern> pattern_list case_clause_sequence case_clause
+%type <number> timespec
+%type <number> list_terminator
+
+%start inputunit
+
+%left '&' ';' '\n' yacc_EOF
+%left AND_AND OR_OR
+%right '|' BAR_AND
+%%
+
+inputunit: simple_list simple_list_terminator
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command. Discard the error
+ safety net,and return the command just parsed. */
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (0); */
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | '\n'
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command, but not a very
+ interesting one. Return a NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | error '\n'
+ {
+ /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (1); */
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ YYABORT;
+ }
+ }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ {
+ /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or
+ not. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ handle_eof_input_unit ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ ;
+
+word_list: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | word_list WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+redirection: '>' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | '<' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '>' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '<' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_appending_to, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_appending_to, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_reading_string, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_reading_string, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input_word, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input_word, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection
+ (0, r_deblank_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection
+ ($1, r_deblank_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | AND_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_err_and_out, redir);
+ }
+ | AND_GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_append_err_and_out, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_output, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_output, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_force, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_force, redir);
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command_element: WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | ASSIGNMENT_WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | redirection
+ { $$.redirect = $1; $$.word = 0; }
+ ;
+
+redirection_list: redirection
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | redirection_list redirection
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+
+ for (t = $1; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command: simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | simple_command simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+command: simple_command
+ { $$ = clean_simple_command ($1); }
+ | shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | function_def
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+shell_command: for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | case_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | WHILE compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_while_command ($2, $4); }
+ | UNTIL compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_until_command ($2, $4); }
+ | select_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | if_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | subshell
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | group_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | cond_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+for_command: FOR WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause_sequence newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+function_def: WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+ ;
+
+
+function_body: shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ /* According to Posix.2 3.9.5, redirections
+ specified after the body of a function should
+ be attached to the function and performed when
+ the function is executed, not as part of the
+ function definition command. */
+ /* XXX - I don't think it matters, but we might
+ want to change this in the future to avoid
+ problems differentiating between a function
+ definition with a redirection and a function
+ definition containing a single command with a
+ redirection. The two are semantically equivalent,
+ though -- the only difference is in how the
+ command printing code displays the redirections. */
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+subshell: '(' compound_list ')'
+ {
+ $$ = make_subshell_command ($2);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ ;
+
+if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+
+group_command: '{' compound_list '}'
+ { $$ = make_group_command ($2); }
+ ;
+
+arith_command: ARITH_CMD
+ { $$ = make_arith_command ($1); }
+ ;
+
+cond_command: COND_START COND_CMD COND_END
+ { $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause: pattern_list
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); }
+ | newline_list pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ | pattern_list SEMI_AND
+ { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_AND
+ { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ | pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
+ { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
+ { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | pattern '|' WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($3, $1); }
+ ;
+
+/* A list allows leading or trailing newlines and
+ newlines as operators (equivalent to semicolons).
+ It must end with a newline or semicolon.
+ Lists are used within commands such as if, for, while. */
+
+list: newline_list list0
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ ;
+
+compound_list: list
+ | newline_list list1
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ ;
+
+list0: list1 '\n' newline_list
+ | list1 '&' newline_list
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list
+
+ ;
+
+list1: list1 AND_AND newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | list1 OR_OR newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | list1 '&' newline_list list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $4, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | list1 '\n' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+simple_list_terminator: '\n'
+ | yacc_EOF
+ ;
+
+list_terminator:'\n'
+ { $$ = '\n'; }
+ | ';'
+ { $$ = ';'; }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ { $$ = yacc_EOF; }
+ ;
+
+newline_list:
+ | newline_list '\n'
+ ;
+
+/* A simple_list is a list that contains no significant newlines
+ and no leading or trailing newlines. Newlines are allowed
+ only following operators, where they are not significant.
+
+ This is what an inputunit consists of. */
+
+simple_list: simple_list1
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ | simple_list1 '&'
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';'
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | simple_list1 OR_OR newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | simple_list1 '&' simple_list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $3, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, '&');
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';' simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, ';'); }
+
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+pipeline_command: pipeline
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | BANG pipeline
+ {
+ if ($2)
+ $2->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec pipeline
+ {
+ if ($2)
+ $2->flags |= $1;
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec BANG pipeline
+ {
+ if ($3)
+ $3->flags |= $1|CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $3;
+ }
+ | BANG timespec pipeline
+ {
+ if ($3)
+ $3->flags |= $2|CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $3;
+ }
+ | timespec list_terminator
+ {
+ ELEMENT x;
+
+ /* Boy, this is unclean. `time' by itself can
+ time a null command. We cheat and push a
+ newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
+ to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
+ terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
+ x.word = 0;
+ x.redirect = 0;
+ $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+ $$->flags |= $1;
+ /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
+ if ($2 == '\n')
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+ }
+
+ ;
+
+pipeline: pipeline '|' newline_list pipeline
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|'); }
+ | pipeline BAR_AND newline_list pipeline
+ {
+ /* Make cmd1 |& cmd2 equivalent to cmd1 2>&1 | cmd2 */
+ COMMAND *tc;
+ REDIRECTEE rd;
+ REDIRECT *r;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ rd.dest = 1;
+ r = make_redirection (2, r_duplicating_output, rd);
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = r;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = r;
+
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|');
+ }
+ | command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+timespec: TIME
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE; }
+ | TIME TIMEOPT
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
+ ;
+%%
+
+/* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the
+ amount to grow them by. */
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE 496
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512
+
+/* Should we call prompt_again? */
+#define SHOULD_PROMPT() \
+ (interactive && (bash_input.type == st_stdin || bash_input.type == st_stream))
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# define expanding_alias() (pushed_string_list && pushed_string_list->expander)
+#else
+# define expanding_alias() 0
+#endif
+
+/* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */
+int EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+debug_parser (i)
+ int i;
+{
+#if YYDEBUG != 0
+ yydebug = i;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF.
+ yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read.
+ init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the
+ installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the
+ installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream
+ (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where
+ the input is coming from. */
+
+/* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */
+int
+return_EOF ()
+{
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+/* Variable containing the current get and unget functions.
+ See ./input.h for a clearer description. */
+BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+
+/* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. Free bash_input.name if it
+ is non-null, avoiding a memory leak. */
+void
+initialize_bash_input ()
+{
+ bash_input.type = st_none;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.getter = (sh_cget_func_t *)NULL;
+ bash_input.ungetter = (sh_cunget_func_t *)NULL;
+}
+
+/* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from
+ GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */
+void
+init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location)
+ sh_cget_func_t *get;
+ sh_cunget_func_t *unget;
+ enum stream_type type;
+ const char *name;
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+{
+ bash_input.type = type;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = name ? savestring (name) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* XXX */
+#if defined (CRAY)
+ memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location));
+#else
+ bash_input.location = location;
+#endif
+ bash_input.getter = get;
+ bash_input.ungetter = unget;
+}
+
+char *
+yy_input_name ()
+{
+ return (bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin");
+}
+
+/* Call this to get the next character of input. */
+static int
+yy_getc ()
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.getter)) ();
+}
+
+/* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character
+ to be read. */
+static int
+yy_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c);
+}
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+int
+input_file_descriptor ()
+{
+ switch (bash_input.type)
+ {
+ case st_stream:
+ return (fileno (bash_input.location.file));
+ case st_bstream:
+ return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd);
+ case st_stdin:
+ default:
+ return (fileno (stdin));
+ }
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input be read from readline (). */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL;
+char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+int current_readline_line_index = 0;
+
+static int
+yy_readline_get ()
+{
+ SigHandler *old_sigint;
+ int line_len;
+ unsigned char c;
+
+ if (!current_readline_line)
+ {
+ if (!bash_readline_initialized)
+ initialize_readline ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (job_control)
+ give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp, 0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)NULL;
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
+ {
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler);
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+ }
+ terminate_immediately = 1;
+
+ current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt ?
+ current_readline_prompt : "");
+
+ terminate_immediately = 0;
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0 && old_sigint)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint);
+ }
+
+#if 0
+ /* Reset the prompt to the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */
+ reset_readline_prompt ();
+#endif
+
+ if (current_readline_line == 0)
+ return (EOF);
+
+ current_readline_line_index = 0;
+ line_len = strlen (current_readline_line);
+
+ current_readline_line = (char *)xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len);
+ current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n';
+ current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ if (current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index] == 0)
+ {
+ free (current_readline_line);
+ current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+ return (yy_readline_get ());
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++];
+ return (c);
+ }
+}
+
+static int
+yy_readline_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line)
+ current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0)
+ {
+ location.string = current_readline_line;
+ init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget,
+ st_stdin, "readline stdin", location);
+ }
+}
+
+#else /* !READLINE */
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin");
+}
+#endif /* !READLINE */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+static int
+yy_string_get ()
+{
+ register char *string;
+ register unsigned char c;
+
+ string = bash_input.location.string;
+
+ /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */
+ if (string && *string)
+ {
+ c = *string++;
+ bash_input.location.string = string;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_string_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ *(--bash_input.location.string) = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_string (string, name)
+ char *string;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.string = string;
+ init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
+}
+
+/* Count the number of characters we've consumed from bash_input.location.string
+ and read into shell_input_line, but have not returned from shell_getc.
+ That is the true input location. Rewind bash_input.location.string by
+ that number of characters, so it points to the last character actually
+ consumed by the parser. */
+void
+rewind_input_string ()
+{
+ int xchars;
+
+ /* number of unconsumed characters in the input -- XXX need to take newlines
+ into account, e.g., $(...\n) */
+ xchars = shell_input_line_len - shell_input_line_index;
+
+ /* XXX - how to reflect bash_input.location.string back to string passed to
+ parse_and_execute or xparse_dolparen? xparse_dolparen needs to know how
+ far into the string we parsed. parse_and_execute knows where bash_input.
+ location.string is, and how far from orig_string that is -- that's the
+ number of characters the command consumed. */
+
+ /* bash_input.location.string - xchars should be where we parsed to */
+ /* need to do more validation on xchars value for sanity -- test cases. */
+ bash_input.location.string -= xchars;
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STREAM. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* These two functions used to test the value of the HAVE_RESTARTABLE_SYSCALLS
+ define, and just use getc/ungetc if it was defined, but since bash
+ installs its signal handlers without the SA_RESTART flag, some signals
+ (like SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, etc.) received during a read(2) will not cause
+ the read to be restarted. We need to restart it ourselves. */
+
+static int
+yy_stream_get ()
+{
+ int result;
+
+ result = EOF;
+ if (bash_input.location.file)
+ {
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+ terminate_immediately++;
+ }
+ result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file);
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+ terminate_immediately--;
+ }
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_stream_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (ungetc_with_restart (c, bash_input.location.file));
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stream (stream, name)
+ FILE *stream;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.file = stream;
+ init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location);
+}
+
+typedef struct stream_saver {
+ struct stream_saver *next;
+ BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+ int line;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream;
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+} STREAM_SAVER;
+
+/* The globally known line number. */
+int line_number = 0;
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static int cond_lineno;
+static int cond_token;
+#endif
+
+STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+void
+push_stream (reset_lineno)
+ int reset_lineno;
+{
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER));
+
+ xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT));
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ saver->bstream = set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd,
+ (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ saver->line = line_number;
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ saver->next = stream_list;
+ stream_list = saver;
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ if (reset_lineno)
+ line_number = 0;
+}
+
+void
+pop_stream ()
+{
+ if (!stream_list)
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ else
+ {
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list;
+
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ stream_list = stream_list->next;
+
+ init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter,
+ saver->bash_input.ungetter,
+ saver->bash_input.type,
+ saver->bash_input.name,
+ saver->bash_input.location);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */
+ /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the
+ save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and
+ re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ {
+ if (bash_input_fd_changed)
+ {
+ bash_input_fd_changed = 0;
+ if (default_buffered_input >= 0)
+ {
+ bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input);
+ }
+ }
+ /* XXX could free buffered stream returned as result here. */
+ set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd, saver->bstream);
+ }
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ line_number = saver->line;
+
+ FREE (saver->bash_input.name);
+ free (saver);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */
+int
+stream_on_stack (type)
+ enum stream_type type;
+{
+ register STREAM_SAVER *s;
+
+ for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next)
+ if (s->bash_input.type == type)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Save the current token state and return it in a malloced array. */
+int *
+save_token_state ()
+{
+ int *ret;
+
+ ret = (int *)xmalloc (3 * sizeof (int));
+ ret[0] = last_read_token;
+ ret[1] = token_before_that;
+ ret[2] = two_tokens_ago;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+void
+restore_token_state (ts)
+ int *ts;
+{
+ if (ts == 0)
+ return;
+ last_read_token = ts[0];
+ token_before_that = ts[1];
+ two_tokens_ago = ts[2];
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition
+ * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' is:
+ *
+ * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')'
+ * or `esac'
+ * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac'
+ */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+
+#define END_OF_ALIAS 0
+
+/*
+ * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to
+ * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis.
+ */
+
+typedef struct string_saver {
+ struct string_saver *next;
+ int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */
+ char *saved_line;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ alias_t *expander; /* alias that caused this line to be pushed. */
+#endif
+ int saved_line_size, saved_line_index, saved_line_terminator;
+} STRING_SAVER;
+
+STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+/*
+ * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S
+ * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set
+ * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the
+ * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the
+ * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded
+ * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion.
+ */
+static void
+push_string (s, expand, ap)
+ char *s;
+ int expand;
+ alias_t *ap;
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER));
+
+ temp->expand_alias = expand;
+ temp->saved_line = shell_input_line;
+ temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
+ temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
+ temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ temp->expander = ap;
+#endif
+ temp->next = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = temp;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (ap)
+ ap->flags |= AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ shell_input_line = s;
+ shell_input_line_size = strlen (s);
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = '\0';
+#if 0
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT; /* XXX */
+#endif
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input.
+ * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc
+ * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion
+ * and needs to return to the original input line.
+ */
+static void
+pop_string ()
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *t;
+
+ FREE (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line;
+ shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index;
+ shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator;
+
+ if (pushed_string_list->expand_alias)
+ parser_state |= PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ else
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+
+ t = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ free ((char *)t);
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+static void
+free_string_list ()
+{
+ register STRING_SAVER *t, *t1;
+
+ for (t = pushed_string_list; t; )
+ {
+ t1 = t->next;
+ FREE (t->saved_line);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+ free ((char *)t);
+ t = t1;
+ }
+ pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+void
+free_pushed_string_input ()
+{
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input.
+ If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE
+ is non-zero, we remove unquoted \<newline> pairs. This is used by
+ read_secondary_line to read here documents. */
+static char *
+read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
+ static int buffer_size = 0;
+ int indx = 0, c, peekc, pass_next;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ pass_next = 0;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Ignore null bytes in input. */
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("read_a_line: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (interactive && bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+ if (indx == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ c = '\n';
+ }
+
+ /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (line_buffer, indx, 2, buffer_size, 128);
+
+ /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a
+ here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case,
+ the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes.
+ We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we
+ need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash
+ quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+ pass_next = 0;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline)
+ {
+ peekc = yy_getc ();
+ if (peekc == '\n')
+ {
+ line_number++;
+ continue; /* Make the unquoted \<newline> pair disappear. */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ yy_ungetc (peekc);
+ pass_next = 1;
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx] = '\0';
+ return (line_buffer);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is
+ the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here
+ document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove
+ newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is
+ non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */
+char *
+read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ prompt_again ();
+ return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline));
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* YYLEX () */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a
+ command. */
+STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = {
+ { "if", IF },
+ { "then", THEN },
+ { "else", ELSE },
+ { "elif", ELIF },
+ { "fi", FI },
+ { "case", CASE },
+ { "esac", ESAC },
+ { "for", FOR },
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ { "select", SELECT },
+#endif
+ { "while", WHILE },
+ { "until", UNTIL },
+ { "do", DO },
+ { "done", DONE },
+ { "in", IN },
+ { "function", FUNCTION },
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ { "time", TIME },
+#endif
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { "!", BANG },
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ { "[[", COND_START },
+ { "]]", COND_END },
+#endif
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* other tokens that can be returned by read_token() */
+STRING_INT_ALIST other_token_alist[] = {
+ /* Multiple-character tokens with special values */
+ { "-p", TIMEOPT },
+ { "&&", AND_AND },
+ { "||", OR_OR },
+ { ">>", GREATER_GREATER },
+ { "<<", LESS_LESS },
+ { "<&", LESS_AND },
+ { ">&", GREATER_AND },
+ { ";;", SEMI_SEMI },
+ { ";&", SEMI_AND },
+ { ";;&", SEMI_SEMI_AND },
+ { "<<-", LESS_LESS_MINUS },
+ { "<<<", LESS_LESS_LESS },
+ { "&>", AND_GREATER },
+ { "&>>", AND_GREATER_GREATER },
+ { "<>", LESS_GREATER },
+ { ">|", GREATER_BAR },
+ { "|&", BAR_AND },
+ { "EOF", yacc_EOF },
+ /* Tokens whose value is the character itself */
+ { ">", '>' },
+ { "<", '<' },
+ { "-", '-' },
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { ";", ';' },
+ { "(", '(' },
+ { ")", ')' },
+ { "|", '|' },
+ { "&", '&' },
+ { "newline", '\n' },
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* others not listed here:
+ WORD look at yylval.word
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD look at yylval.word
+ NUMBER look at yylval.number
+ ARITH_CMD look at yylval.word_list
+ ARITH_FOR_EXPRS look at yylval.word_list
+ COND_CMD look at yylval.command
+*/
+
+/* These are used by read_token_word, but appear up here so that shell_getc
+ can use them to decide when to add otherwise blank lines to the history. */
+
+/* The primary delimiter stack. */
+struct dstack dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* A temporary delimiter stack to be used when decoding prompt strings.
+ This is needed because command substitutions in prompt strings (e.g., PS2)
+ can screw up the parser's quoting state. */
+static struct dstack temp_dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the
+ delimiter or zero if none. */
+#define current_delimiter(ds) \
+ (ds.delimiter_depth ? ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth - 1] : 0)
+
+#define push_delimiter(ds, character) \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (ds.delimiter_depth + 2 > ds.delimiter_space) \
+ ds.delimiters = (char *)xrealloc \
+ (ds.delimiters, (ds.delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \
+ ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth] = character; \
+ ds.delimiter_depth++; \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
+#define pop_delimiter(ds) ds.delimiter_depth--
+
+/* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters
+ from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to
+ read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is
+ processing normal command input. */
+
+/* This implements one-character lookahead/lookbehind across physical input
+ lines, to avoid something being lost because it's pushed back with
+ shell_ungetc when we're at the start of a line. */
+static int eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+
+static int
+shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ register int i;
+ int c;
+ unsigned char uc;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (sigwinch_received)
+ {
+ sigwinch_received = 0;
+ get_new_window_size (0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
+ }
+
+ if (eol_ungetc_lookahead)
+ {
+ c = eol_ungetc_lookahead;
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+ return (c);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is
+ something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go
+ off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */
+
+ if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) &&
+ (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)))
+#else /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index])
+#endif /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ {
+ line_number++;
+
+ restart_read:
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ i = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = 0;
+
+ /* If the shell is interatctive, but not currently printing a prompt
+ (interactive_shell && interactive == 0), we don't want to print
+ notifies or cleanup the jobs -- we want to defer it until we do
+ print the next prompt. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 || SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result
+ of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call
+ had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in
+ that case, or we will have big trouble. */
+ notify_and_cleanup ();
+#else /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ cleanup_dead_jobs ();
+#endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ }
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (c == '\0')
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("shell_getc: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (shell_input_line, i, 2, shell_input_line_size, 256);
+
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ if (i == 0)
+ shell_input_line_terminator = EOF;
+
+ shell_input_line[i] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line[i++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ shell_input_line[--i] = '\0';
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0])
+ {
+ char *expansions;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ int old_hist;
+
+ /* If the current delimiter is a single quote, we should not be
+ performing history expansion, even if we're on a different
+ line from the original single quote. */
+ old_hist = history_expansion_inhibited;
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack) == '\'')
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
+# endif
+ expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1);
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_hist;
+# endif
+ if (expansions != shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = expansions;
+ shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ?
+ strlen (shell_input_line) : 0;
+ if (!shell_input_line_len)
+ current_command_line_count--;
+
+ /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know
+ the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len;
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+ /* Try to do something intelligent with blank lines encountered while
+ entering multi-line commands. XXX - this is grotesque */
+ else if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line &&
+ shell_input_line[0] == '\0' &&
+ current_command_line_count > 1)
+ {
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack))
+ /* We know shell_input_line[0] == 0 and we're reading some sort of
+ quoted string. This means we've got a line consisting of only
+ a newline in a quoted string. We want to make sure this line
+ gets added to the history. */
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ else
+ {
+ char *hdcs;
+ hdcs = history_delimiting_chars ();
+ if (hdcs && hdcs[0] == ';')
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be
+ echoed. */
+ if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] ||
+ shell_input_line_terminator != EOF))
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_input_line_size = 0;
+ prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does
+ not already end in an EOF character. */
+ if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)
+ {
+ if (shell_input_line_len + 3 > shell_input_line_size)
+ shell_input_line = (char *)xrealloc (shell_input_line,
+ 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2));
+
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len] = '\n';
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len + 1] = '\0';
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If UC is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If
+ pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string
+ because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion.
+ Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped
+ to. */
+ if (!uc && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))
+ {
+ pop_string ();
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+ }
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if MBTEST(uc == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ line_number++;
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+ if (!uc && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF)
+ return ((shell_input_line_index != 0) ? '\n' : EOF);
+
+ return (uc);
+}
+
+/* Put C back into the input for the shell. This might need changes for
+ HANDLE_MULTIBYTE around EOLs. Since we (currently) never push back a
+ character different than we read, shell_input_line_property doesn't need
+ to change when manipulating shell_input_line. The define for
+ last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte should take care of it, though. */
+static void
+shell_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c;
+ else
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = c;
+}
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Back the input pointer up by one, effectively `ungetting' a character. */
+static void
+shell_ungetchar ()
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line_index--;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen, then push that character back
+ onto the input stream. */
+static void
+discard_until (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ int c;
+
+ while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character)
+ ;
+
+ if (c != EOF)
+ shell_ungetc (c);
+}
+
+void
+execute_variable_command (command, vname)
+ char *command, *vname;
+{
+ char *last_lastarg;
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+ last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_");
+ if (last_lastarg)
+ last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg);
+
+ parse_and_execute (savestring (command), vname, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg, 0);
+ FREE (last_lastarg);
+
+ if (token_to_read == '\n') /* reset_parser was called */
+ token_to_read = 0;
+}
+
+/* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer
+ at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */
+static char *token = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* Current size of the token buffer. */
+static int token_buffer_size;
+
+/* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */
+#define READ 0
+#define RESET 1
+#define prompt_is_ps1 \
+ (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt)
+
+/* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of
+ the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */
+static int
+yylex ()
+{
+ if (interactive && (current_token == 0 || current_token == '\n'))
+ {
+ /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes.
+ We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here
+ is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail ()
+ except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */
+ if (prompt_is_ps1 && time_to_check_mail ())
+ {
+ check_mail ();
+ reset_mail_timer ();
+ }
+
+ /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g.
+ after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */
+ if (token_to_read == 0 && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+
+ two_tokens_ago = token_before_that;
+ token_before_that = last_read_token;
+ last_read_token = current_token;
+ current_token = read_token (READ);
+ return (current_token);
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens
+ which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */
+static int esacs_needed_count;
+
+void
+gather_here_documents ()
+{
+ int r = 0;
+ while (need_here_doc)
+ {
+ make_here_document (redir_stack[r++]);
+ need_here_doc--;
+ }
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close
+ brace partner. */
+static int open_brace_count;
+
+#define command_token_position(token) \
+ (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || \
+ ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && (token) != SEMI_AND && (token) != SEMI_SEMI_AND && reserved_word_acceptable(token)))
+
+#define assignment_acceptable(token) \
+ (command_token_position(token) && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0))
+
+/* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token
+ value if it is. */
+#define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \
+ do { \
+ if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \
+ reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \
+ { \
+ int i; \
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \
+ if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \
+ { \
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == TIME && time_command_acceptable () == 0) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CASEPAT|PST_CASESTMT); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == CASE) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CASESTMT; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_END) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_START) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDCMD; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \
+ open_brace_count++; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '}' && open_brace_count) \
+ open_brace_count--; \
+ return (word_token_alist[i].token); \
+ } \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+
+ /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if)
+ it's eligible.
+
+ It is eligible for expansion if EXPAND_ALIASES is set, and
+ the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command
+ separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently
+ processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this
+ token is not the same as the current or any previously
+ processed alias.
+
+ Special cases that disqualify:
+ In a pattern list in a case statement (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT). */
+
+static char *
+mk_alexpansion (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ int l;
+ char *r;
+
+ l = strlen (s);
+ r = xmalloc (l + 2);
+ strcpy (r, s);
+ if (r[l -1] != ' ')
+ r[l++] = ' ';
+ r[l] = '\0';
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+alias_expand_token (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ char *expanded;
+ alias_t *ap;
+
+ if (((parser_state & PST_ALEXPNEXT) || command_token_position (last_read_token)) &&
+ (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ {
+ ap = find_alias (tokstr);
+
+ /* Currently expanding this token. */
+ if (ap && (ap->flags & AL_BEINGEXPANDED))
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+
+ /* mk_alexpansion puts an extra space on the end of the alias expansion,
+ so the lookahead by the parser works right. If this gets changed,
+ make sure the code in shell_getc that deals with reaching the end of
+ an expanded alias is changed with it. */
+ expanded = ap ? mk_alexpansion (ap->value) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (expanded)
+ {
+ push_string (expanded, ap->flags & AL_EXPANDNEXT, ap);
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ }
+ else
+ /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+ }
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+}
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+static int
+time_command_acceptable ()
+{
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ case ';':
+ case '\n':
+ case AND_AND:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case '&':
+ case DO:
+ case THEN:
+ case ELSE:
+ case '{': /* } */
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+#else
+ return 0;
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+}
+
+/* Handle special cases of token recognition:
+ IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or CASE or SELECT.
+
+ DO is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or SELECT.
+
+ ESAC is recognized if the last token caused `esacs_needed_count'
+ to be set
+
+ `{' is recognized if the last token as WORD and the token
+ before that was FUNCTION, or if we just parsed an arithmetic
+ `for' command.
+
+ `}' is recognized if there is an unclosed `{' present.
+
+ `-p' is returned as TIMEOPT if the last read token was TIME.
+
+ ']]' is returned as COND_END if the parser is currently parsing
+ a conditional expression ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) != 0)
+
+ `time' is returned as TIME if and only if it is immediately
+ preceded by one of `;', `\n', `||', `&&', or `&'.
+*/
+
+static int
+special_case_tokens (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ if ((last_read_token == WORD) &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) &&
+#else
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'i' && tokstr[1] == 'n' && tokstr[2] == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == CASE)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+ esacs_needed_count++;
+ }
+ return (IN);
+ }
+
+ if (last_read_token == WORD &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ (token_before_that == FOR || token_before_that == SELECT) &&
+#else
+ (token_before_that == FOR) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && tokstr[2] == '\0'))
+ return (DO);
+
+ /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case.
+ Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal
+ construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the
+ case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should
+ insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but
+ the designers disagree. */
+ if (esacs_needed_count)
+ {
+ esacs_needed_count--;
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, "esac"))
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ return (ESAC);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* The start of a shell function definition. */
+ if (parser_state & PST_ALLOWOPNBRC)
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ if (tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ function_bstart = line_number;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We allow a `do' after a for ((...)) without an intervening
+ list_terminator */
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (DO);
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+
+ if (open_brace_count && reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token) && tokstr[0] == '}' && !tokstr[1])
+ {
+ open_brace_count--; /* { */
+ return ('}');
+ }
+
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ /* Handle -p after `time'. */
+ if (last_read_token == TIME && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == 'p' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (TIMEOPT);
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ if (STREQ (token, "time") && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) && time_command_acceptable ())
+ return (TIME);
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND) /* [[ */
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) && tokstr[0] == ']' && tokstr[1] == ']' && tokstr[2] == '\0')
+ return (COND_END);
+#endif
+
+ return (-1);
+}
+
+/* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or
+ by the error rule at top level. */
+void
+reset_parser ()
+{
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */
+ open_brace_count = 0;
+
+ parser_state = 0;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (pushed_string_list)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ }
+
+ FREE (word_desc_to_read);
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+}
+
+/* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or
+ RESET (to normalize state). */
+static int
+read_token (command)
+ int command;
+{
+ int character; /* Current character. */
+ int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */
+ int result; /* The thing to return. */
+
+ if (command == RESET)
+ {
+ reset_parser ();
+ return ('\n');
+ }
+
+ if (token_to_read)
+ {
+ result = token_to_read;
+ if (token_to_read == WORD || token_to_read == ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ yylval.word = word_desc_to_read;
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+ }
+ token_to_read = 0;
+ return (result);
+ }
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ if ((parser_state & (PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR)) == PST_CONDCMD)
+ {
+ cond_lineno = line_number;
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDEXPR;
+ yylval.command = parse_cond_command ();
+ if (cond_token != COND_END)
+ {
+ cond_error ();
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ token_to_read = COND_END;
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDEXPR|PST_CONDCMD);
+ return (COND_CMD);
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a
+ token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */
+ re_read_token:
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */
+ while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && shellblank (character))
+ ;
+
+ if (character == EOF)
+ {
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ return (yacc_EOF);
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments))
+ {
+ /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */
+ discard_until ('\n');
+ shell_getc (0);
+ character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */
+ }
+
+ if (character == '\n')
+ {
+ /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect
+ the text of any pending here document. */
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ if (parser_state & PST_REGEXP)
+ goto tokword;
+
+ /* Shell meta-characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0))
+ {
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would
+ not leave us ready to read a command. */
+ if (character == '<' || character == '>')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if (character == peek_char)
+ {
+ switch (character)
+ {
+ case '<':
+ /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to
+ look ahead one more character. */
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '-')
+ return (LESS_LESS_MINUS);
+ else if MBTEST(peek_char == '<')
+ return (LESS_LESS_LESS);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (LESS_LESS);
+ }
+
+ case '>':
+ return (GREATER_GREATER);
+
+ case ';':
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '&')
+ return (SEMI_SEMI_AND);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (SEMI_SEMI);
+ }
+
+ case '&':
+ return (AND_AND);
+
+ case '|':
+ return (OR_OR);
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ result = parse_dparen (character);
+ if (result == -2)
+ break;
+ else
+ return result;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (LESS_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (GREATER_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '>')
+ return (LESS_GREATER);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '|')
+ return (GREATER_BAR);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '&' && peek_char == '>')
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '>')
+ return (AND_GREATER_GREATER);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (AND_GREATER);
+ }
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(character == '|' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (BAR_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == ';' && peek_char == '&')
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ return (SEMI_AND);
+ }
+
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function
+ definition, then let the reader know about it so that
+ we will do the right thing with `{'. */
+ if MBTEST(character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ }
+
+ /* case pattern lists may be preceded by an optional left paren. If
+ we're not trying to parse a case pattern list, the left paren
+ indicates a subshell. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '(' && (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) /* ) */
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_SUBSHELL) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_SUBSHELL;
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution.
+ Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct || ((character != '>' && character != '<') || peek_char != '(')) /*)*/
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. Also <&N- (dup and close). */
+ if MBTEST(character == '-' && (last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ return (character);
+
+tokword:
+ /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one,
+ and then check it against the known ones. */
+ result = read_token_word (character);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ goto re_read_token;
+#endif
+ return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match a $(...) or other grouping construct. This has to handle embedded
+ * quoted strings ('', ``, "") and nested constructs. It also must handle
+ * reprompting the user, if necessary, after reading a newline, and returning
+ * correct error values if it reads EOF.
+ */
+#define P_FIRSTCLOSE 0x01
+#define P_ALLOWESC 0x02
+#define P_DQUOTE 0x04
+#define P_COMMAND 0x08 /* parsing a command, so look for comments */
+#define P_BACKQUOTE 0x10 /* parsing a backquoted command substitution */
+
+/* Lexical state while parsing a grouping construct or $(...). */
+#define LEX_WASDOL 0x001
+#define LEX_CKCOMMENT 0x002
+#define LEX_INCOMMENT 0x004
+#define LEX_PASSNEXT 0x008
+#define LEX_RESWDOK 0x010
+#define LEX_CKCASE 0x020
+#define LEX_INCASE 0x040
+#define LEX_INHEREDOC 0x080
+#define LEX_HEREDELIM 0x100 /* reading here-doc delimiter */
+#define LEX_STRIPDOC 0x200 /* <<- strip tabs from here doc delim */
+
+#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) == '|')
+
+#define CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR() \
+ do { \
+ if (nestret == &matched_pair_error) \
+ { \
+ free (ret); \
+ return &matched_pair_error; \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#define APPEND_NESTRET() \
+ do { \
+ if (nestlen) \
+ { \
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64); \
+ strcpy (ret + retind, nestret); \
+ retind += nestlen; \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+static char matched_pair_error;
+
+static char *
+parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, was_dollar, in_comment, check_comment;
+ int pass_next_character, backq_backslash, nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags;
+
+/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c", open, close); */
+ count = 1;
+ pass_next_character = backq_backslash = was_dollar = in_comment = 0;
+ check_comment = (flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ while (count)
+ {
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0 && backq_backslash == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment
+ or part of a case statement */
+ if (in_comment)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ in_comment = 0;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
+ any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
+ extract_delimited_string(). */
+ else if MBTEST(check_comment && in_comment == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || whitespace (ret[retind - 1])))
+ in_comment = 1;
+
+ /* last char was backslash inside backquoted command substitution */
+ if (backq_backslash)
+ {
+ backq_backslash = 0;
+ /* Placeholder for adding special characters */
+ }
+
+ if (pass_next_character) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ pass_next_character = 0;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
+ count--;
+ /* handle nested ${...} specially. */
+ else if MBTEST(open != close && was_dollar && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
+ count++;
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
+ pass_next_character++;
+#if 0
+ else if MBTEST((flags & P_BACKQUOTE) && ch == '\\')
+ backq_backslash++;
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ pass_next_character++;
+
+ /* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
+ inside old-style command substitution. */
+ if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ }
+ /* Parse an old-style command substitution within double quotes as a
+ single word. */
+ /* XXX - sh and ksh93 don't do this - XXX */
+ else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
+ {
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(open != '`' && was_dollar && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ {
+ if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ was_dollar = MBTEST(ch == '$');
+ }
+
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Parse a $(...) command substitution. This is messier than I'd like, and
+ reproduces a lot more of the token-reading code than I'd like. */
+static char *
+parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, peekc, tflags, lex_rwlen, lex_firstind;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans, *heredelim;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags, hdlen;
+
+/*itrace("parse_comsub: qc = `%c' open = %c close = %c", qc, open, close);*/
+ count = 1;
+ tflags = LEX_RESWDOK;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCASE;
+ if ((tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (interactive == 0 || interactive_comments))
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+
+ while (count)
+ {
+comsub_readchar:
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+eof_error:
+ free (ret);
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* If we hit the end of a line and are reading the contents of a here
+ document, and it's not the same line that the document starts on,
+ check for this line being the here doc delimiter. Otherwise, if
+ we're in a here document, mark the next character as the beginning
+ of a line. */
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) && heredelim)
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else if (tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC)
+ {
+ int tind;
+ tind = lex_firstind;
+ while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
+ tind++;
+ if (STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment */
+ if (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_INHEREDOC))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) && ch == '\n')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip whitespace */
+ if MBTEST(shellblank (ch) && lex_rwlen == 0)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Either we are looking for the start of the here-doc delimiter
+ (lex_firstind == -1) or we are reading one (lex_firstind >= 0).
+ If this character is a shell break character and we are reading
+ the delimiter, save it and note that we are now reading a here
+ document. If we've found the start of the delimiter, note it by
+ setting lex_firstind. Backslashes can quote shell metacharacters
+ in here-doc delimiters. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM)
+ {
+ if (lex_firstind == -1 && shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+ lex_firstind = retind;
+ else if (lex_firstind >= 0 && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ nestret = substring (ret, lex_firstind, retind);
+ heredelim = string_quote_removal (nestret, 0);
+ free (nestret);
+ hdlen = STRLEN(heredelim);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc delimiter `%s' (%d)", line_number, heredelim, hdlen);*/
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Meta-characters that can introduce a reserved word. Not perfect yet. */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && shellmeta(ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (ch == peekc && (ch == '&' || ch == '|' || ch == ';')) /* two-character tokens */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch); */
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == '\n' || COMSUB_META(ch))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ else
+ {
+ /* `unget' the character we just added and fall through */
+ retind--;
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we can read a reserved word, try to read one. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK)
+ {
+ if MBTEST(islower (ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ lex_rwlen++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(lex_rwlen == 4 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "case", 4))
+{
+ tflags |= LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `case', lex_incase -> 1", line_number);*/
+}
+ else if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "esac", 4))
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `esac', lex_incase -> 0", line_number);*/
+}
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+ }
+ else if (shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
+}
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && ch == '<')
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == ch)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == '-')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ tflags |= LEX_STRIPDOC;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ ch = peekc; /* fall through and continue XXX - this skips comments if peekc == '#' */
+ }
+ /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
+ any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
+ extract_delimited_string(). */
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || shellblank (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if 0
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch == close && close == ')')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE; /* XXX */
+#endif
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) /* ending delimiter */
+{
+ count--;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found close: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
+}
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...). */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside command substitution. */
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+#if 0
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+#else
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
+#endif
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
+ }
+
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: returning `%s'", line_number, ret);*/
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* XXX - this needs to handle functionality like subst.c:no_longjmp_on_fatal_error;
+ maybe extract_command_subst should handle it. */
+char *
+xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags)
+ char *base;
+ char *string;
+ int *indp;
+ int flags;
+{
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ int orig_ind, nc, sflags;
+ char *ret, *s, *ep, *ostring;
+
+ /*yydebug = 1;*/
+ orig_ind = *indp;
+ ostring = string;
+
+ sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE;
+ if (flags & 0x010) /* EX_NOLONGJMP */
+ sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP;
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+
+ /*(*/
+ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN; /* allow instant ')' */ /*(*/
+ shell_eof_token = ')';
+ parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &ep);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ reset_parser ();
+ if (interactive)
+ token_to_read = 0;
+
+ /* Need to find how many characters parse_and_execute consumed, update
+ *indp, if flags != 0, copy the portion of the string parsed into RET
+ and return it. If flags & 1 (EX_NOALLOC) we can return NULL. */
+
+ /*(*/
+ if (ep[-1] != ')')
+ {
+#if DEBUG
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: ep[-1] != RPAREN (%d), ep = `%s'", line_number, ep[-1], ep);
+#endif
+ while (ep > ostring && ep[-1] == '\n') ep--;
+ }
+
+ nc = ep - ostring;
+ *indp = ep - base - 1;
+
+ /*(*/
+#if DEBUG
+ if (base[*indp] != ')')
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: base[%d] != RPAREN (%d), base = `%s'", line_number, *indp, base[*indp], base);
+#endif
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ return (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (nc == 0)
+ {
+ ret = xmalloc (1);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ ret = substring (ostring, 0, nc - 1);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+/* Parse a double-paren construct. It can be either an arithmetic
+ command, an arithmetic `for' command, or a nested subshell. Returns
+ the parsed token, -1 on error, or -2 if we didn't do anything and
+ should just go on. */
+static int
+parse_dparen (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ int cmdtyp, sline;
+ char *wval;
+ WORD_DESC *wd;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ if (last_read_token == FOR)
+ {
+ arith_for_lineno = line_number;
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+ if (cmdtyp == 1)
+ {
+ wd = alloc_word_desc ();
+ wd->word = wval;
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ return (ARITH_FOR_EXPRS);
+ }
+ else
+ return -1; /* ERROR */
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token))
+ {
+ sline = line_number;
+
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+ if (cmdtyp == 1) /* arithmetic command */
+ {
+ wd = alloc_word_desc ();
+ wd->word = wval;
+ wd->flags = W_QUOTED|W_NOSPLIT|W_NOGLOB|W_DQUOTE;
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ return (ARITH_CMD);
+ }
+ else if (cmdtyp == 0) /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ push_string (wval, 0, (alias_t *)NULL);
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else /* ERROR */
+ return -1;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return -2; /* XXX */
+}
+
+/* We've seen a `(('. Look for the matching `))'. If we get it, return 1.
+ If not, assume it's a nested subshell for backwards compatibility and
+ return 0. In any case, put the characters we've consumed into a locally-
+ allocated buffer and make *ep point to that buffer. Return -1 on an
+ error, for example EOF. */
+static int
+parse_arith_cmd (ep, adddq)
+ char **ep;
+ int adddq;
+{
+ int exp_lineno, rval, c;
+ char *ttok, *tokstr;
+ int ttoklen;
+
+ exp_lineno = line_number;
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ rval = 1;
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ /* Check that the next character is the closing right paren. If
+ not, this is a syntax error. ( */
+ c = shell_getc (0);
+ if MBTEST(c != ')')
+ rval = 0;
+
+ tokstr = (char *)xmalloc (ttoklen + 4);
+
+ /* if ADDDQ != 0 then (( ... )) -> "..." */
+ if (rval == 1 && adddq) /* arith cmd, add double quotes */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '"';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = '"';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (rval == 1) /* arith cmd, don't add double quotes */
+ {
+ strncpy (tokstr, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen-1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '(';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = ')';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = c;
+ tokstr[ttoklen+2] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ *ep = tokstr;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ return rval;
+}
+#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC || ARITH_FOR_COMMAND */
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void
+cond_error ()
+{
+ char *etext;
+
+ if (EOF_Reached && cond_token != COND_ERROR) /* [[ */
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"));
+ else if (cond_token != COND_ERROR)
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression"));
+ }
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_expr ()
+{
+ return (cond_or ());
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_or ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_and ();
+ if (cond_token == OR_OR)
+ {
+ r = cond_or ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_OR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_and ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_term ();
+ if (cond_token == AND_AND)
+ {
+ r = cond_and ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_AND, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static int
+cond_skip_newlines ()
+{
+ while ((cond_token = read_token (READ)) == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+ return (cond_token);
+}
+
+#define COND_RETURN_ERROR() \
+ do { cond_token = COND_ERROR; return ((COND_COM *)NULL); } while (0)
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_term ()
+{
+ WORD_DESC *op;
+ COND_COM *term, *tleft, *tright;
+ int tok, lineno;
+ char *etext;
+
+ /* Read a token. It can be a left paren, a `!', a unary operator, or a
+ word that should be the first argument of a binary operator. Start by
+ skipping newlines, since this is a compound command. */
+ tok = cond_skip_newlines ();
+ lineno = line_number;
+ if (tok == COND_END)
+ {
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == '(')
+ {
+ term = cond_expr ();
+ if (cond_token != ')')
+ {
+ if (term)
+ dispose_cond_node (term); /* ( */
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (lineno, _("unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (lineno, _("expected `)'"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_EXPR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, term, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == BANG || (tok == WORD && (yylval.word->word[0] == '!' && yylval.word->word[1] == '\0')))
+ {
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ dispose_word (yylval.word); /* not needed */
+ term = cond_term ();
+ if (term)
+ term->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD && yylval.word->word[0] == '-' && yylval.word->word[2] == 0 && test_unop (yylval.word->word))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dispose_word (op);
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD) /* left argument to binary operator */
+ {
+ /* lhs */
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+
+ /* binop */
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD && test_binop (yylval.word->word))
+ op = yylval.word;
+#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
+ else if (tok == WORD && STREQ (yylval.word->word, "=~"))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ parser_state |= PST_REGEXP;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (tok == '<' || tok == '>')
+ op = make_word_from_token (tok); /* ( */
+ /* There should be a check before blindly accepting the `)' that we have
+ seen the opening `('. */
+ else if (tok == COND_END || tok == AND_AND || tok == OR_OR || tok == ')')
+ {
+ /* Special case. [[ x ]] is equivalent to [[ -n x ]], just like
+ the test command. Similarly for [[ x && expr ]] or
+ [[ x || expr ]] or [[ (x) ]]. */
+ op = make_word ("-n");
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ cond_token = tok;
+ return (term);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("conditional binary operator expected"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ /* rhs */
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ parser_state &= ~PST_REGEXP;
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tright = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_BINARY, op, tleft, tright);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ dispose_word (op);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (tok < 256)
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"), tok);
+ else if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token %d in conditional command"), tok);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ return (term);
+}
+
+/* This is kind of bogus -- we slip a mini recursive-descent parser in
+ here to handle the conditional statement syntax. */
+static COMMAND *
+parse_cond_command ()
+{
+ COND_COM *cexp;
+
+ cexp = cond_expr ();
+ return (make_cond_command (cexp));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* When this is called, it's guaranteed that we don't care about anything
+ in t beyond i. We do save and restore the chars, though. */
+static int
+token_is_assignment (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c, c1;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i]; c1 = t[i+1];
+ t[i] = '='; t[i+1] = '\0';
+ r = assignment (t, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0);
+ t[i] = c; t[i+1] = c1;
+ return r;
+}
+
+/* XXX - possible changes here for `+=' */
+static int
+token_is_ident (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i];
+ t[i] = '\0';
+ r = legal_identifier (t);
+ t[i] = c;
+ return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+read_token_word (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */
+ WORD_DESC *the_word;
+
+ /* Index into the token that we are building. */
+ int token_index;
+
+ /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */
+ int all_digit_token;
+
+ /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */
+ int dollar_present;
+
+ /* COMPOUND_ASSIGNMENT becomes non-zero if we are parsing a compound
+ assignment. */
+ int compound_assignment;
+
+ /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */
+ int quoted;
+
+ /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just
+ to add it no matter what. */
+ int pass_next_character;
+
+ /* The current delimiting character. */
+ int cd;
+ int result, peek_char;
+ char *ttok, *ttrans;
+ int ttoklen, ttranslen;
+ intmax_t lvalue;
+
+ if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE)
+ token = (char *)xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE);
+
+ token_index = 0;
+ all_digit_token = DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present = quoted = pass_next_character = compound_assignment = 0;
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ if (character == EOF)
+ goto got_token;
+
+ if (pass_next_character)
+ {
+ pass_next_character = 0;
+ goto got_escaped_character;
+ }
+
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+
+ /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of
+ double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '\\')
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (0);
+
+ /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except
+ when quoted with single quotes. */
+ if (peek_char == '\n')
+ {
+ character = '\n';
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */
+ if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' ||
+ (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE)))
+ pass_next_character++;
+
+ quoted = 1;
+ goto got_character;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Parse a matched pair of quote characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (character))
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, character);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (character, character, character, &ttoklen, (character == '`') ? P_COMMAND : 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ quoted = 1;
+ dollar_present |= (character == '"' && strchr (ttok, '$') != 0);
+ FREE (ttok);
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+
+#ifdef COND_REGEXP
+ /* When parsing a regexp as a single word inside a conditional command,
+ we need to special-case characters special to both the shell and
+ regular expressions. Right now, that is only '(' and '|'. */ /*)*/
+ if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_REGEXP) && (character == '(' || character == '|')) /*)*/
+ {
+ if (character == '|')
+ goto got_character;
+
+ push_delimiter (dstack, character);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+#endif /* COND_REGEXP */
+
+#ifdef EXTENDED_GLOB
+ /* Parse a ksh-style extended pattern matching specification. */
+ if MBTEST(extended_glob && PATTERN_CHAR (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif /* EXTENDED_GLOB */
+
+ /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of
+ the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */
+ if (shellexp (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(' || \
+ ((peek_char == '{' || peek_char == '[') && character == '$')) /* ) ] } */
+ {
+ if (peek_char == '{') /* } */
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '{', '}', &ttoklen, P_FIRSTCLOSE);
+ else if (peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ /* XXX - push and pop the `(' as a delimiter for use by
+ the command-oriented-history code. This way newlines
+ appearing in the $(...) string get added to the
+ history literally rather than causing a possibly-
+ incorrect `;' to be added. ) */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, P_COMMAND);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ }
+ else
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This handles $'...' and $"..." new-style quoted strings. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && (peek_char == '\'' || peek_char == '"'))
+ {
+ int first_line;
+
+ first_line = line_number;
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (peek_char, peek_char, peek_char,
+ &ttoklen,
+ (peek_char == '\'') ? P_ALLOWESC : 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ if (peek_char == '\'')
+ {
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+
+ /* Insert the single quotes and correctly quote any
+ embedded single quotes (allowed because P_ALLOWESC was
+ passed to parse_matched_pair). */
+ ttok = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttranslen = strlen (ttok);
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Try to locale-expand the converted string. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, first_line, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+
+ /* Add the double quotes back */
+ ttok = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttranslen += 2;
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttranslen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttrans);
+ token_index += ttranslen;
+ FREE (ttrans);
+ quoted = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This could eventually be extended to recognize all of the
+ shell's single-character parameter expansions, and set flags.*/
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && peek_char == '$')
+ {
+ ttok = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ ttok[0] = ttok[1] = '$';
+ ttok[2] = '\0';
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 3,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += 2;
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* Identify possible array subscript assignment; match [...] */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '[' && token_index > 0 && assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && token_is_ident (token, token_index)) /* ] */
+ {
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* Identify possible compound array variable assignment. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '=' && token_index > 0 && (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_ASSIGNOK)) && token_is_assignment (token, token_index))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ ttok = parse_compound_assignment (&ttoklen);
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 4,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ token[token_index++] = '=';
+ token[token_index++] = '(';
+ if (ttok)
+ {
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ }
+ token[token_index++] = ')';
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ compound_assignment = 1;
+#if 1
+ goto next_character;
+#else
+ goto got_token; /* ksh93 seems to do this */
+#endif
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* When not parsing a multi-character word construct, shell meta-
+ characters break words. */
+ if MBTEST(shellbreak (character))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (character);
+ goto got_token;
+ }
+
+ got_character:
+
+ if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL)
+ token[token_index++] = CTLESC;
+
+ got_escaped_character:
+
+ all_digit_token &= DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present |= character == '$';
+
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 1, token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ next_character:
+ if (character == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \<newline> pair)
+ unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is
+ set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+ character = shell_getc (cd != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0);
+ } /* end for (;;) */
+
+got_token:
+
+ token[token_index] = '\0';
+
+ /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token
+ is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is
+ a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER.
+ Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */
+ if MBTEST(all_digit_token && (character == '<' || character == '>' || \
+ last_read_token == LESS_AND || \
+ last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ {
+ if (legal_number (token, &lvalue) && (int)lvalue == lvalue)
+ yylval.number = lvalue;
+ else
+ yylval.number = -1;
+ return (NUMBER);
+ }
+
+ /* Check for special case tokens. */
+ result = (last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte) ? special_case_tokens (token) : -1;
+ if (result >= 0)
+ return result;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Posix.2 does not allow reserved words to be aliased, so check for all
+ of them, including special cases, before expanding the current token
+ as an alias. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct)
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ /* Aliases are expanded iff EXPAND_ALIASES is non-zero, and quoting
+ inhibits alias expansion. */
+ if (expand_aliases && quoted == 0)
+ {
+ result = alias_expand_token (token);
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ else if (result == NO_EXPANSION)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ }
+
+ /* If not in Posix.2 mode, check for reserved words after alias
+ expansion. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct == 0)
+#endif
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC));
+ the_word->word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + token_index);
+ the_word->flags = 0;
+ strcpy (the_word->word, token);
+ if (dollar_present)
+ the_word->flags |= W_HASDOLLAR;
+ if (quoted)
+ the_word->flags |= W_QUOTED; /*(*/
+ if (compound_assignment && token[token_index-1] == ')')
+ the_word->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
+ /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a
+ simple command, or after another assignment word. This is
+ context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */
+ if (assignment (token, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0))
+ {
+ the_word->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ /* Don't perform word splitting on assignment statements. */
+ if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0)
+ the_word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+ }
+
+ if (command_token_position (last_read_token))
+ {
+ struct builtin *b;
+ b = builtin_address_internal (token, 0);
+ if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+ else if (STREQ (token, "eval") || STREQ (token, "let"))
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+ }
+
+ yylval.word = the_word;
+
+ result = ((the_word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT)) == (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT))
+ ? ASSIGNMENT_WORD : WORD;
+
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case FUNCTION:
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ break;
+ case CASE:
+ case SELECT:
+ case FOR:
+ if (word_top < MAX_CASE_NEST)
+ word_top++;
+ word_lineno[word_top] = line_number;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if TOKSYM is a token that after being read would allow
+ a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */
+static int
+reserved_word_acceptable (toksym)
+ int toksym;
+{
+ switch (toksym)
+ {
+ case '\n':
+ case ';':
+ case '(':
+ case ')':
+ case '|':
+ case '&':
+ case '{':
+ case '}': /* XXX */
+ case AND_AND:
+ case BANG:
+ case DO:
+ case DONE:
+ case ELIF:
+ case ELSE:
+ case ESAC:
+ case FI:
+ case IF:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case SEMI_SEMI:
+ case SEMI_AND:
+ case SEMI_SEMI_AND:
+ case THEN:
+ case TIME:
+ case TIMEOPT:
+ case UNTIL:
+ case WHILE:
+ case 0:
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if
+ TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */
+int
+find_reserved_word (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word; i++)
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, word_token_alist[i].word))
+ return i;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever
+ the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt
+ variable. */
+static void
+reset_readline_prompt ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (prompt_string_pointer)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+/* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by
+ semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the
+ newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */
+static const int no_semi_successors[] = {
+ '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|',
+ CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, SEMI_SEMI, SEMI_AND, SEMI_SEMI_AND, THEN, UNTIL,
+ WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, IN,
+ 0
+};
+
+/* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart
+ about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be
+ newlines. Returns the string that should be added into the
+ history entry. */
+char *
+history_delimiting_chars ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
+ return ("\n");
+
+ /* First, handle some special cases. */
+ /*(*/
+ /* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
+ add a semicolon. If the token before the `)' was not `(', and we're
+ not in the midst of parsing a case statement, assume it's a
+ parenthesized command and add the semicolon. */
+ /*)(*/
+ if (token_before_that == ')')
+ {
+ if (two_tokens_ago == '(') /*)*/ /* function def */
+ return " ";
+ /* This does not work for subshells inside case statement
+ command lists. It's a suboptimal solution. */
+ else if (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT) /* case statement pattern */
+ return " ";
+ else
+ return "; "; /* (...) subshell */
+ }
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FUNCTION)
+ return " "; /* function def using `function name' without `()' */
+
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FOR)
+ {
+ /* Tricky. `for i\nin ...' should not have a semicolon, but
+ `for i\ndo ...' should. We do what we can. */
+ for (i = shell_input_line_index; whitespace(shell_input_line[i]); i++)
+ ;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] && shell_input_line[i] == 'i' && shell_input_line[i+1] == 'n')
+ return " ";
+ return ";";
+ }
+ else if (two_tokens_ago == CASE && token_before_that == WORD && (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT))
+ return " ";
+
+ for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++)
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i])
+ return (" ");
+ }
+
+ return ("; ");
+}
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+/* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character
+ is read. */
+static void
+prompt_again ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias()) /* XXX */
+ return;
+
+ ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1");
+ ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2");
+
+ if (!prompt_string_pointer)
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt;
+
+ temp_prompt = *prompt_string_pointer
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (!no_line_editing)
+ {
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+ else
+#endif /* READLINE */
+ {
+ FREE (current_decoded_prompt);
+ current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+
+int
+get_current_prompt_level ()
+{
+ return ((current_prompt_string && current_prompt_string == ps2_prompt) ? 2 : 1);
+}
+
+void
+set_current_prompt_level (x)
+ int x;
+{
+ prompt_string_pointer = (x == 2) ? &ps2_prompt : &ps1_prompt;
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+}
+
+static void
+print_prompt ()
+{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt);
+ fflush (stderr);
+}
+
+/* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string
+ may contain special characters which are decoded as follows:
+
+ \a bell (ascii 07)
+ \d the date in Day Mon Date format
+ \e escape (ascii 033)
+ \h the hostname up to the first `.'
+ \H the hostname
+ \j the number of active jobs
+ \l the basename of the shell's tty device name
+ \n CRLF
+ \r CR
+ \s the name of the shell
+ \t the time in 24-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \T the time in 12-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \@ the time in 12-hour hh:mm am/pm format
+ \A the time in 24-hour hh:mm format
+ \D{fmt} the result of passing FMT to strftime(3)
+ \u your username
+ \v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
+ \V the release of bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+ \w the current working directory
+ \W the last element of $PWD
+ \! the history number of this command
+ \# the command number of this command
+ \$ a $ or a # if you are root
+ \nnn character code nnn in octal
+ \\ a backslash
+ \[ begin a sequence of non-printing chars
+ \] end a sequence of non-printing chars
+*/
+#define PROMPT_GROWTH 48
+char *
+decode_prompt_string (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *result, *t;
+ struct dstack save_dstack;
+ int last_exit_value;
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+ int result_size, result_index;
+ int c, n, i;
+ char *temp, octal_string[4];
+ struct tm *tm;
+ time_t the_time;
+ char timebuf[128];
+ char *timefmt;
+
+ result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index = 0] = 0;
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ while (c = *string++)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && c == '!')
+ {
+ if (*string == '!')
+ {
+ temp = savestring ("!");
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ string--; /* add_string increments string again. */
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ }
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ c = *string;
+
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '0':
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7':
+ strncpy (octal_string, string, 3);
+ octal_string[3] = '\0';
+
+ n = read_octal (octal_string);
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+
+ if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ temp[0] = CTLESC;
+ temp[1] = n;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (n == -1)
+ {
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ temp[0] = n;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ for (c = 0; n != -1 && c < 3 && ISOCTAL (*string); c++)
+ string++;
+
+ c = 0; /* tested at add_string: */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'd':
+ case 't':
+ case 'T':
+ case '@':
+ case 'A':
+ /* Make the current time/date into a string. */
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+
+ if (c == 'd')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%a %b %d", tm);
+ else if (c == 't')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == 'T')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == '@')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M %p", tm);
+ else if (c == 'A')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M", tm);
+
+ if (n == 0)
+ timebuf[0] = '\0';
+ else
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'D': /* strftime format */
+ if (string[1] != '{') /* } */
+ goto not_escape;
+
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+ string += 2; /* skip { */
+ timefmt = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 3);
+ for (t = timefmt; *string && *string != '}'; )
+ *t++ = *string++;
+ *t = '\0';
+ c = *string; /* tested at add_string */
+ if (timefmt[0] == '\0')
+ {
+ timefmt[0] = '%';
+ timefmt[1] = 'X'; /* locale-specific current time */
+ timefmt[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), timefmt, tm);
+ free (timefmt);
+
+ if (n == 0)
+ timebuf[0] = '\0';
+ else
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'n':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = no_line_editing ? '\n' : '\r';
+ temp[1] = no_line_editing ? '\0' : '\n';
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 's':
+ temp = base_pathname (shell_name);
+ temp = savestring (temp);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'v':
+ case 'V':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (16);
+ if (c == 'v')
+ strcpy (temp, dist_version);
+ else
+ sprintf (temp, "%s.%d", dist_version, patch_level);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'w':
+ case 'W':
+ {
+ /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more efficient. */
+ char t_string[PATH_MAX];
+ int tlen;
+
+ temp = get_string_value ("PWD");
+
+ if (temp == 0)
+ {
+ if (getcwd (t_string, sizeof(t_string)) == 0)
+ {
+ t_string[0] = '.';
+ tlen = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ tlen = strlen (t_string);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ tlen = sizeof (t_string) - 1;
+ strncpy (t_string, temp, tlen);
+ }
+ t_string[tlen] = '\0';
+
+#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
+#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
+ /* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
+ if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, t_string) == 0))
+ {
+ if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
+ {
+ t = strrchr (t_string, '/');
+ if (t)
+ strcpy (t_string, t + 1);
+ }
+ }
+#undef ROOT_PATH
+#undef DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT
+ else
+ /* polite_directory_format is guaranteed to return a string
+ no longer than PATH_MAX - 1 characters. */
+ strcpy (t_string, polite_directory_format (t_string));
+
+ /* If we're going to be expanding the prompt string later,
+ quote the directory name. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (t_string);
+
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+
+ case 'u':
+ if (current_user.user_name == 0)
+ get_current_user_info ();
+ temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'h':
+ case 'H':
+ temp = savestring (current_host_name);
+ if (c == 'h' && (t = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')))
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '#':
+ temp = itos (current_command_number);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '!':
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '$':
+ t = temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ if ((promptvars || posixly_correct) && (current_user.euid != 0))
+ *t++ = '\\';
+ *t++ = current_user.euid == 0 ? '#' : '$';
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'j':
+ temp = itos (count_all_jobs ());
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'l':
+#if defined (HAVE_TTYNAME)
+ temp = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin));
+ t = temp ? base_pathname (temp) : "tty";
+ temp = savestring (t);
+#else
+ temp = savestring ("tty");
+#endif /* !HAVE_TTYNAME */
+ goto add_string;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ case '[':
+ case ']':
+ if (no_line_editing)
+ {
+ string++;
+ break;
+ }
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ n = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE;
+ i = 0;
+ if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
+ temp[i++] = CTLESC;
+ temp[i++] = n;
+ temp[i] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+ case '\\':
+ case 'a':
+ case 'e':
+ case 'r':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ if (c == 'a')
+ temp[0] = '\07';
+ else if (c == 'e')
+ temp[0] = '\033';
+ else if (c == 'r')
+ temp[0] = '\r';
+ else /* (c == '\\') */
+ temp[0] = c;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ default:
+not_escape:
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = c;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+
+ add_string:
+ if (c)
+ string++;
+ result =
+ sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size);
+ temp = (char *)NULL; /* Freed in sub_append_string (). */
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index++] = c;
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+#else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+ result = savestring (string);
+#endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+ /* Save the delimiter stack and point `dstack' to temp space so any
+ command substitutions in the prompt string won't result in screwing
+ up the parser's quoting state. */
+ save_dstack = dstack;
+ dstack = temp_dstack;
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0;
+
+ /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on
+ the prompt string. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+ list = expand_prompt_string (result, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0);
+ free (result);
+ result = string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ last_command_exit_value = last_exit_value;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ t = dequote_string (result);
+ free (result);
+ result = t;
+ }
+
+ dstack = save_dstack;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * ERROR HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal
+ errors. */
+int
+yyerror (msg)
+ const char *msg;
+{
+ report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL);
+ reset_parser ();
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_token (tok)
+ int tok;
+{
+ char *t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, word_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, other_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ t = (char *)NULL;
+ /* This stuff is dicy and needs closer inspection */
+ switch (current_token)
+ {
+ case WORD:
+ case ASSIGNMENT_WORD:
+ if (yylval.word)
+ t = savestring (yylval.word->word);
+ break;
+ case NUMBER:
+ t = itos (yylval.number);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_CMD:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list (yylval.word_list);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_FOR_EXPRS:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list_internal (yylval.word_list, " ; ");
+ break;
+ case COND_CMD:
+ t = (char *)NULL; /* punt */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return t;
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_text ()
+{
+ char *msg, *t;
+ int token_end, i;
+
+ t = shell_input_line;
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ token_end = 0;
+ msg = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (i && t[i] == '\0')
+ i--;
+
+ while (i && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i--;
+
+ if (i)
+ token_end = i + 1;
+
+ while (i && (member (t[i], " \n\t;|&") == 0))
+ i--;
+
+ while (i != token_end && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i++;
+
+ /* Return our idea of the offending token. */
+ if (token_end || (i == 0 && token_end == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_end)
+ msg = substring (t, i, token_end);
+ else /* one-character token */
+ {
+ msg = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ msg[0] = t[i];
+ msg[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (msg);
+}
+
+static void
+print_offending_line ()
+{
+ char *msg;
+ int token_end;
+
+ msg = savestring (shell_input_line);
+ token_end = strlen (msg);
+ while (token_end && msg[token_end - 1] == '\n')
+ msg[--token_end] = '\0';
+
+ parser_error (line_number, "`%s'", msg);
+ free (msg);
+}
+
+/* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc.
+ Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print,
+ then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure
+ out an appropriate message for you. */
+static void
+report_syntax_error (message)
+ char *message;
+{
+ char *msg;
+
+ if (message)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", message);
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If the line of input we're reading is not null, try to find the
+ objectionable token. First, try to figure out what token the
+ parser's complaining about by looking at current_token. */
+ if (current_token != 0 && EOF_Reached == 0 && (msg = error_token_from_token (current_token)))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If looking at the current token doesn't prove fruitful, try to find the
+ offending token by analyzing the text of the input line near the current
+ input line index and report what we find. */
+ if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line)
+ {
+ msg = error_token_from_text ();
+ if (msg)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+ }
+
+ /* If not interactive, print the line containing the error. */
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ msg = EOF_Reached ? _("syntax error: unexpected end of file") : _("syntax error");
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", msg);
+ /* When the shell is interactive, this file uses EOF_Reached
+ only for error reporting. Other mechanisms are used to
+ decide whether or not to exit. */
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ }
+
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+}
+
+/* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs
+ created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return
+ allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want
+ to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live.
+ (dispose_command () will actually free the command.) */
+static void
+discard_parser_constructs (error_p)
+ int error_p;
+{
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * EOF HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */
+
+/* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */
+int ignoreeof = 0;
+
+/* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without
+ another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the
+ shell terminates. */
+int eof_encountered = 0;
+
+/* The limit for eof_encountered. */
+int eof_encountered_limit = 10;
+
+/* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave
+ the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave.
+ Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the
+ required number of times in a row, print a message. */
+static void
+handle_eof_input_unit ()
+{
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the
+ history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting
+ in this file. */
+ if (EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+ /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */
+ if (ignoreeof)
+ {
+ if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, _("Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"),
+ login_shell ? "logout" : "exit");
+ eof_encountered++;
+ /* Reset the parsing state. */
+ last_read_token = current_token = '\n';
+ /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */
+ prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+ prompt_again ();
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */
+ reset_parser ();
+ exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * STRING PARSING FUNCTIONS *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* It's very important that these two functions treat the characters
+ between ( and ) identically. */
+
+static WORD_LIST parse_string_error;
+
+/* Take a string and run it through the shell parser, returning the
+ resultant word list. Used by compound array assignment. */
+WORD_LIST *
+parse_string_to_word_list (s, flags, whom)
+ char *s;
+ int flags;
+ const char *whom;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl;
+ int tok, orig_current_token, orig_line_number, orig_input_terminator;
+ int orig_line_count;
+ int old_echo_input, old_expand_aliases;
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ int old_remember_on_history, old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ old_remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ old_history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+ bash_history_disable ();
+#endif
+
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+ orig_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+ orig_input_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ old_echo_input = echo_input_at_read;
+ old_expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+
+ push_stream (1);
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+ current_command_line_count = 0;
+ echo_input_at_read = expand_aliases = 0;
+
+ with_input_from_string (s, whom);
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != yacc_EOF)
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n' && *bash_input.location.string == '\0')
+ break;
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ continue;
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ line_number = orig_line_number + line_number - 1;
+ orig_current_token = current_token;
+ current_token = tok;
+ yyerror (NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ current_token = orig_current_token;
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ pop_stream ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = old_remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ echo_input_at_read = old_echo_input;
+ expand_aliases = old_expand_aliases;
+
+ current_command_line_count = orig_line_count;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = orig_input_terminator;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+static char *
+parse_compound_assignment (retlenp)
+ int *retlenp;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl, *rl;
+ int tok, orig_line_number, orig_token_size, orig_last_token, assignok;
+ char *saved_token, *ret;
+
+ saved_token = token;
+ orig_token_size = token_buffer_size;
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+ orig_last_token = last_read_token;
+
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+
+ token = (char *)NULL;
+ token_buffer_size = 0;
+
+ assignok = parser_state&PST_ASSIGNOK; /* XXX */
+
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* ( */
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != ')')
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ current_token = tok; /* for error reporting */
+ if (tok == yacc_EOF) /* ( */
+ parser_error (orig_line_number, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"));
+ else
+ yyerror(NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ FREE (token);
+ token = saved_token;
+ token_buffer_size = orig_token_size;
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ last_read_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = orig_last_token; /* XXX - was WORD? */
+
+ if (wl)
+ {
+ rl = REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *);
+ ret = string_list (rl);
+ dispose_words (rl);
+ }
+ else
+ ret = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (retlenp)
+ *retlenp = (ret && *ret) ? strlen (ret) : 0;
+
+ if (assignok)
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * SAVING AND RESTORING PARTIAL PARSE STATE *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+sh_parser_state_t *
+save_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+
+ if (ps == 0)
+ ps = (sh_parser_state_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (sh_parser_state_t));
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return ((sh_parser_state_t *)NULL);
+
+ ps->parser_state = parser_state;
+ ps->token_state = save_token_state ();
+
+ ps->input_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ ps->eof_encountered = eof_encountered;
+
+ ps->current_command_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ ps->remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ ps->history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_command_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
+ if (v && array_p (v) && array_cell (v))
+ ps->pipestatus = array_copy (array_cell (v));
+ else
+ ps->pipestatus = (ARRAY *)NULL;
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_shell_builtin = last_shell_builtin;
+ ps->this_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+
+ ps->expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+ ps->echo_input_at_read = echo_input_at_read;
+
+ return (ps);
+}
+
+void
+restore_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return;
+
+ parser_state = ps->parser_state;
+ if (ps->token_state)
+ {
+ restore_token_state (ps->token_state);
+ free (ps->token_state);
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_terminator = ps->input_line_terminator;
+ eof_encountered = ps->eof_encountered;
+
+ current_command_line_count = ps->current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = ps->remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = ps->history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ last_command_exit_value = ps->last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
+ if (v && array_p (v) && array_cell (v))
+ {
+ array_dispose (array_cell (v));
+ var_setarray (v, ps->pipestatus);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ last_shell_builtin = ps->last_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = ps->this_shell_builtin;
+
+ expand_aliases = ps->expand_aliases;
+ echo_input_at_read = ps->echo_input_at_read;
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * MULTIBYTE CHARACTER HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void
+set_line_mbstate ()
+{
+ int i, previ, len, c;
+ mbstate_t mbs, prevs;
+ size_t mbclen;
+
+ if (shell_input_line == NULL)
+ return;
+ len = strlen (shell_input_line); /* XXX - shell_input_line_len ? */
+ FREE (shell_input_line_property);
+ shell_input_line_property = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
+
+ memset (&prevs, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+ for (i = previ = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ mbs = prevs;
+
+ c = shell_input_line[i];
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ mbclen = mbrlen (shell_input_line + previ, i - previ + 1, &mbs);
+ if (mbclen == 1 || mbclen == (size_t)-1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 1;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ }
+ else if (mbclen == (size_t)-2)
+ mbclen = 0;
+ else if (mbclen > 1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 0;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ prevs = mbs;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - what to do if mbrlen returns 0? (null wide character) */
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_property[i] = mbclen;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
static int yy_string_get __P((void));
static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
+static void rewind_input_string __P((void));
static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
static int read_token __P((int));
static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+static char *parse_comsub __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
#endif
init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
}
+/* Count the number of characters we've consumed from bash_input.location.string
+ and read into shell_input_line, but have not returned from shell_getc.
+ That is the true input location. Rewind bash_input.location.string by
+ that number of characters, so it points to the last character actually
+ consumed by the parser. */
+void
+rewind_input_string ()
+{
+ int xchars;
+
+ /* number of unconsumed characters in the input -- XXX need to take newlines
+ into account, e.g., $(...\n) */
+ xchars = shell_input_line_len - shell_input_line_index;
+
+ /* XXX - how to reflect bash_input.location.string back to string passed to
+ parse_and_execute or xparse_dolparen? xparse_dolparen needs to know how
+ far into the string we parsed. parse_and_execute knows where bash_input.
+ location.string is, and how far from orig_string that is -- that's the
+ number of characters the command consumed. */
+
+ /* bash_input.location.string - xchars should be where we parsed to */
+ /* need to do more validation on xchars value for sanity -- test cases. */
+ bash_input.location.string -= xchars;
+}
+
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Let input come from STREAM. */
#define LEX_HEREDELIM 0x100 /* reading here-doc delimiter */
#define LEX_STRIPDOC 0x200 /* <<- strip tabs from here doc delim */
-#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) = '|')
+#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) == '|')
#define CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR() \
do { \
int open, close;
int *lenp, flags;
{
- int count, ch, was_dollar, in_comment, check_comment;
- int pass_next_character, backq_backslash, nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ int count, ch, tflags;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
int retind, retsize, rflags;
/* itrace("parse_matched_pair: open = %c close = %c", open, close); */
count = 1;
- pass_next_character = backq_backslash = was_dollar = in_comment = 0;
- check_comment = (flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0;
+ tflags = 0;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
/* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
start_lineno = line_number;
while (count)
{
- ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0 && backq_backslash == 0);
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0);
if (ch == EOF)
{
if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
prompt_again ();
- if (in_comment)
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment
+ or part of a case statement */
+ if (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT)
{
/* Add this character. */
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
ret[retind++] = ch;
if (ch == '\n')
- in_comment = 0;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
continue;
}
+
/* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
extract_delimited_string(). */
- else if MBTEST(check_comment && in_comment == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || whitespace (ret[retind - 1])))
- in_comment = 1;
-
- /* last char was backslash inside backquoted command substitution */
- if (backq_backslash)
- {
- backq_backslash = 0;
- /* Placeholder for adding special characters */
- }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || whitespace (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
- if (pass_next_character) /* last char was backslash */
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
{
- pass_next_character = 0;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
{
- if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
continue;
}
else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
count--;
/* handle nested ${...} specially. */
- else if MBTEST(open != close && was_dollar && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
+ else if MBTEST(open != close && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
count++;
else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
count++;
RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
ret[retind++] = ch;
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
{
if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
- pass_next_character++;
-#if 0
- else if MBTEST((flags & P_BACKQUOTE) && ch == '\\')
- backq_backslash++;
-#endif
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
continue;
}
if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
- pass_next_character++;
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ /* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
+ inside old-style command substitution. */
if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
{
if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
{
/* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
- if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
else
nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
pop_delimiter (dstack);
- if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
- {
- free (ret);
- return &matched_pair_error;
- }
- if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
{
/* Translate $'...' here. */
ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
}
retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
}
- else if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
{
/* Locale expand $"..." here. */
ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
}
- if (nestlen)
- {
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
- strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
- retind += nestlen;
- }
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
FREE (nestret);
}
}
else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
{
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
-add_nestret:
- if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(open != '`' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ {
+ if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
+ }
+
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Parse a $(...) command substitution. This is messier than I'd like, and
+ reproduces a lot more of the token-reading code than I'd like. */
+static char *
+parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, peekc, tflags, lex_rwlen, lex_firstind;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans, *heredelim;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags, hdlen;
+
+/*itrace("parse_comsub: qc = `%c' open = %c close = %c", qc, open, close);*/
+ count = 1;
+ tflags = LEX_RESWDOK;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCASE;
+ if ((tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (interactive == 0 || interactive_comments))
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+
+ while (count)
+ {
+comsub_readchar:
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+eof_error:
+ free (ret);
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* If we hit the end of a line and are reading the contents of a here
+ document, and it's not the same line that the document starts on,
+ check for this line being the here doc delimiter. Otherwise, if
+ we're in a here document, mark the next character as the beginning
+ of a line. */
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) && heredelim)
{
- free (ret);
- return &matched_pair_error;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
}
- if (nestlen)
+ else if (tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC)
{
- RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
- strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
- retind += nestlen;
+ int tind;
+ tind = lex_firstind;
+ while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
+ tind++;
+ if (STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
}
- FREE (nestret);
}
-#if 0
- else if MBTEST(qc == '`' && (ch == '"' || ch == '\'') && in_comment == 0)
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment */
+ if (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_INHEREDOC))
{
- /* Add P_BACKQUOTE so backslash quotes the next character and
- shell_getc does the right thing with \<newline>. We do this for
- a measure of backwards compatibility -- it's not strictly the
- right POSIX thing. */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags|P_BACKQUOTE);
- goto add_nestret;
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) && ch == '\n')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip whitespace */
+ if MBTEST(shellblank (ch) && lex_rwlen == 0)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Either we are looking for the start of the here-doc delimiter
+ (lex_firstind == -1) or we are reading one (lex_firstind >= 0).
+ If this character is a shell break character and we are reading
+ the delimiter, save it and note that we are now reading a here
+ document. If we've found the start of the delimiter, note it by
+ setting lex_firstind. Backslashes can quote shell metacharacters
+ in here-doc delimiters. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM)
+ {
+ if (lex_firstind == -1 && shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+ lex_firstind = retind;
+ else if (lex_firstind >= 0 && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ nestret = substring (ret, lex_firstind, retind);
+ heredelim = string_quote_removal (nestret, 0);
+ free (nestret);
+ hdlen = STRLEN(heredelim);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc delimiter `%s' (%d)", line_number, heredelim, hdlen);*/
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
}
+
+ /* Meta-characters that can introduce a reserved word. Not perfect yet. */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && shellmeta(ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (ch == peekc && (ch == '&' || ch == '|' || ch == ';')) /* two-character tokens */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch); */
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == '\n' || COMSUB_META(ch))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ else
+ {
+ /* `unget' the character we just added and fall through */
+ retind--;
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we can read a reserved word, try to read one. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK)
+ {
+ if MBTEST(islower (ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ lex_rwlen++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(lex_rwlen == 4 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "case", 4))
+{
+ tflags |= LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `case', lex_incase -> 1", line_number);*/
+}
+ else if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "esac", 4))
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `esac', lex_incase -> 0", line_number);*/
+}
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+ }
+ else if (shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
+}
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && ch == '<')
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == ch)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == '-')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ tflags |= LEX_STRIPDOC;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ tflags |= LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ ch = peekc; /* fall through and continue XXX - this skips comments if peekc == '#' */
+ }
+ /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
+ any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
+ extract_delimited_string(). */
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || shellblank (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if 0
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch == close && close == ')')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE; /* XXX */
#endif
- else if MBTEST(open != '`' && was_dollar && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
- /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) /* ending delimiter */
+{
+ count--;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found close: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
+}
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...). */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside command substitution. */
{
- if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
count--;
if (ch == '(') /* ) */
- nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
else if (ch == '{') /* } */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
- goto add_nestret;
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
}
- was_dollar = MBTEST(ch == '$');
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
}
+ FREE (heredelim);
ret[retind] = '\0';
if (lenp)
*lenp = retind;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: returning `%s'", line_number, ret);*/
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* XXX - this needs to handle functionality like subst.c:no_longjmp_on_fatal_error;
+ maybe extract_command_subst should handle it. */
+char *
+xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags)
+ char *base;
+ char *string;
+ int *indp;
+ int flags;
+{
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ int orig_ind, nc, sflags;
+ char *ret, *s, *ep, *ostring;
+
+ /*yydebug = 1;*/
+ orig_ind = *indp;
+ ostring = string;
+
+ sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE;
+ if (flags & 0x010) /* EX_NOLONGJMP */
+ sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP;
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+
+ /*(*/
+ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN; /* allow instant ')' */ /*(*/
+ shell_eof_token = ')';
+ parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &ep);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ reset_parser ();
+ if (interactive)
+ token_to_read = 0;
+
+ /* Need to find how many characters parse_and_execute consumed, update
+ *indp, if flags != 0, copy the portion of the string parsed into RET
+ and return it. If flags & 1 (EX_NOALLOC) we can return NULL. */
+
+ /*(*/
+ if (ep[-1] != ')')
+ {
+#if DEBUG
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: ep[-1] != RPAREN (%d), ep = `%s'", line_number, ep[-1], ep);
+#endif
+ while (ep > ostring && ep[-1] == '\n') ep--;
+ }
+
+ nc = ep - ostring;
+ *indp = ep - base - 1;
+
+ /*(*/
+#if DEBUG
+ if (base[*indp] != ')')
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: base[%d] != RPAREN (%d), base = `%s'", line_number, *indp, base[*indp], base);
+#endif
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ return (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (nc == 0)
+ {
+ ret = xmalloc (1);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ ret = substring (ostring, 0, nc - 1);
+
return ret;
}
after false in trap2a.sub
command substitution
caught a child death
-caught a child death
-caught a child death
trap -- 'echo caught a child death' SIGCHLD
trap -- 'echo exiting' EXIT
trap -- 'echo aborting' SIGABRT
sleep 7 & sleep 6 & sleep 5 &
+# this will only catch the first, since there's a trap on SIGCHLD
wait
trap -p SIGCHLD
trap - SIGINT QUIT TERM
trap
+
+trap - SIGCHLD
+wait
--- /dev/null
+# test the trap code
+
+trap 'echo exiting' 0
+trap 'echo aborting' 1 2 3 6 15
+
+# make sure a user-specified subshell runs the exit trap, but does not
+# inherit the exit trap from a parent shell
+( trap 'echo subshell exit' 0; exit 0 )
+( exit 0 )
+
+trap
+
+func()
+{
+ trap 'echo ${FUNCNAME:-$0}[$LINENO] funcdebug' DEBUG
+ echo funcdebug line
+}
+
+trap 'echo [$LINENO] debug' DEBUG
+echo debug line
+
+trap
+
+func
+
+trap
+
+trap 'echo ${FUNCNAME:-$0}[$LINENO] debug' DEBUG
+func2()
+{
+ echo func2debug line
+}
+declare -ft func2
+func2
+
+unset -f func2
+
+trap '' DEBUG
+
+trap
+
+trap - debug
+
+trap
+
+trap - HUP
+trap hup
+trap '' INT
+trap '' int
+
+trap
+
+# exit 0 in exit trap should set exit status
+(
+set -e
+trap 'exit 0' EXIT
+false
+echo bad
+)
+echo $?
+
+# hmmm...should this set the handling to SIG_IGN for children, too?
+trap '' USR2
+./trap1.sub
+
+# test ERR trap
+./trap2.sub
+
+#
+# show that setting a trap on SIGCHLD is not disastrous.
+#
+set -o monitor
+
+trap 'echo caught a child death' SIGCHLD
+
+sleep 7 & sleep 6 & sleep 5 &
+
+wait
+
+trap -p SIGCHLD
+
+# Now reset some of the signals the shell handles specially back to
+# their default values (with or without the SIG prefix)
+trap - SIGINT QUIT TERM
+
+trap
run_interrupt_trap ();
CLRINTERRUPT;
}
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
+ else if (sig == SIGCHLD &&
+ trap_list[SIGCHLD] != (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER &&
+ (sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_INPROGRESS) == 0)
+ {
+ run_sigchld_trap (pending_traps[sig]); /* use as counter */
+ }
+#endif
else if (trap_list[sig] == (char *)DEFAULT_SIG ||
trap_list[sig] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG ||
trap_list[sig] == (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
{
oerrno = errno;
#if defined (MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS)
+# if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
+ if (sig != SIGCHLD)
+# endif /* JOB_CONTROL && SIGCHLD */
set_signal_handler (sig, trap_handler);
#endif /* MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS */
#endif
/* Make COMMAND_STRING be executed when SIGCHLD is caught iff SIGCHLD
- is not already trapped. */
+ is not already trapped. IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER is used as a sentinel
+ to make sure that a SIGCHLD trap handler run via run_sigchld_trap can
+ reset the disposition to the default and not have the original signal
+ accidentally restored, undoing the user's command. */
void
maybe_set_sigchld_trap (command_string)
char *command_string;
{
- if ((sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0)
+ if ((sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0 && trap_list[SIGCHLD] == (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
set_signal (SIGCHLD, command_string);
}
+
+/* Temporarily set the SIGCHLD trap string to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. Used
+ as a sentinel in run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_trap to see whether
+ or not a SIGCHLD trap handler reset SIGCHLD disposition to the default. */
+void
+set_impossible_sigchld_trap ()
+{
+ restore_default_signal (SIGCHLD);
+ change_signal (SIGCHLD, (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER);
+ sigmodes[SIGCHLD] &= ~SIG_TRAPPED; /* maybe_set_sigchld_trap checks this */
+}
#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && SIGCHLD */
void
run_interrupt_trap ();
CLRINTERRUPT;
}
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
+ else if (sig == SIGCHLD &&
+ trap_list[SIGCHLD] != (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER &&
+ (sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_INPROGRESS) == 0)
+ {
+ run_sigchld_trap (pending_traps[sig]); /* use as counter */
+ }
+#endif
else if (trap_list[sig] == (char *)DEFAULT_SIG ||
trap_list[sig] == (char *)IGNORE_SIG ||
trap_list[sig] == (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
if ((sigmodes[sig] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0)
{
+#if defined (DEBUG)
internal_warning ("trap_handler: signal %d: signal not trapped", sig);
+#endif
SIGRETURN (0);
}
{
oerrno = errno;
#if defined (MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS)
+# if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (SIGCHLD)
+ if (sig != SIGCHLD)
+# endif /* JOB_CONTROL && SIGCHLD */
set_signal_handler (sig, trap_handler);
#endif /* MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS */
#endif
/* Make COMMAND_STRING be executed when SIGCHLD is caught iff SIGCHLD
- is not already trapped. */
+ is not already trapped. IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER is used as a sentinel
+ to make sure that a SIGCHLD trap handler run via run_sigchld_trap can
+ reset the disposition to the default and not have the original signal
+ accidentally restored, undoing the user's command. */
void
maybe_set_sigchld_trap (command_string)
char *command_string;
{
- if ((sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0)
+ if ((sigmodes[SIGCHLD] & SIG_TRAPPED) == 0 && trap_list[SIGCHLD] == (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
set_signal (SIGCHLD, command_string);
}
+
+/* Temporarily set the SIGCHLD trap string to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. Used
+ as a sentinel in run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_trap to see whether
+ or not a SIGCHLD trap handler reset SIGCHLD disposition to the default. */
+void
+set_impossible_sigchld_trap ()
+{
+ restore_default_signal (SIGCHLD);
+ change_signal (SIGCHLD, (char *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER);
+}
#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && SIGCHLD */
void
extern void run_pending_traps __P((void));
extern void maybe_set_sigchld_trap __P((char *));
+extern void set_impossible_sigchld_trap __P((void));
extern void set_sigchld_trap __P((char *));
extern void set_debug_trap __P((char *));
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
