doc/help/raster-driver.html

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 337 </head>
 338 <body>
 339 <div class='body'>
 340 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 341
 342 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding Mac OS X features</a>.</p>
 343
 344 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 345 <tbody>
 346 <tr>
 347         <th>See Also</th>
 348         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 349         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 350         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 351         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 352         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 353         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 354 </tr>
 355 </tbody>
 356 </table></div>
 357 <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 358 <ul class="contents">
 359 <ul class="subcontents">
 360 <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 361 <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 362 <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 363 <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 364 <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding Mac OS X Features</a></li>
 365 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 366
 367 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 368
 369 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 370
 371 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 372 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 373 <tr><td><img src='/images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 374 </table></div>
 375
 376 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 377
 378 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 379 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 380 <thead>
 381 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 382 </thead>
 383 <tbody>
 384 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 385 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 386 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 387 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 388 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 389 </tbody>
 390 </table></div>
 391
 392 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 393
 394 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 395
 396 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 397
 398 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 399 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 400 <tr><td><img src='/images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 401 </table></div>
 402
 403 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 404
 405
 406 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 407
 408 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 409
 410 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 411
 412 <pre class='example'>
 413 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 414 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 415 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 416
 417 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 418 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 419
 420 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 421 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 422
 423 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 424 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 425
 426 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 427 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 428
 429 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 430 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 431 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 432
 433 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 434 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 435 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 436 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 437 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 438 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 439 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 440 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 441
 442 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 443 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 444
 445 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 446 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 447 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 448 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 449 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 450 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 451 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 452 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 453 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 454
 455 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 456 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 457
 458 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 459 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 460 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 461
 462 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 463 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 464 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 465 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 466 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 467 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 468
 469 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 470 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 471 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 472
 473 {
 474   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 475   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 476   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 477   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 478 }
 479
 480 {
 481   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 482   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 483   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 484   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 485
 486   {
 487     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 488     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 489     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 490     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 491   }
 492
 493   {
 494     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 495     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 496     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 497     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 498   }
 499 }
 500 </pre>
 501
 502
 503 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 504
 505 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 506 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 507
 508 <pre class='example'>
 509 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 510 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 511 </pre>
 512
 513 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 514
 515 <pre class='example'>
 516 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 517 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 518 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 519 </pre>
 520
 521
 522 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 523
 524 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 525
 526 <pre class='example'>
 527 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 528 </pre>
 529
 530 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 531
 532 <pre class='example'>
 533 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 534 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 535 </pre>
 536
 537 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 538
 539 <h3><span class='info'>Since Mac OS X 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 540
 541 <p>Mac OS X printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 542
 543 <pre class='example'>
 544 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 545 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 546 </pre>
 547
 548
 549 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding Mac OS X Features</a></h2>
 550
 551 <p>Mac OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 552
 553 <pre class='example'>
 554 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 555 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 556 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 557 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 558 </pre>
 559 </div>
 560 </body>
 561 </html>