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888d53f2 HH |
1 | DRACUT.CMDLINE(7) |
2 | ================= | |
3 | :doctype: manpage | |
4 | :man source: dracut | |
5 | :man manual: dracut | |
6 | ||
7 | NAME | |
8 | ---- | |
9 | dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options | |
10 | ||
11 | DESCRIPTION | |
12 | ----------- | |
13 | The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration | |
14 | file on the kernel command line, as always. | |
15 | ||
16 | The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not | |
17 | encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a | |
18 | label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all | |
19 | available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that | |
20 | device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition | |
21 | with that UUID as the root filesystem. | |
22 | ||
23 | In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by | |
24 | dracut, are described. | |
25 | ||
26 | "rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be | |
27 | turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing | |
28 | "=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or | |
29 | turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command | |
30 | line is the value, which is honored. | |
31 | ||
32 | Standard | |
33 | ~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 34 | **init=**__<path to real init>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
35 | specify the path to the init programm to be started after the initramfs has |
36 | finished | |
37 | ||
b6c89768 | 38 | **root=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
39 | specify the block device to use as the root filesystem. |
40 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
41 | [listing] |
42 | .Example | |
43 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
44 | root=/dev/sda1 |
45 | root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 | |
46 | root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root | |
47 | root=LABEL=Root | |
48 | root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
49 | root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
b23a2837 | 50 | root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 |
b6c89768 | 51 | -- |
888d53f2 | 52 | |
b6c89768 | 53 | **rootfstype=**__<filesystem type>__:: "auto" if not specified. |
888d53f2 | 54 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
55 | [listing] |
56 | .Example | |
57 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 58 | rootfstype=ext3 |
b6c89768 | 59 | -- |
888d53f2 | 60 | |
b6c89768 | 61 | **rootflags=**__<mount options>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
62 | specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set, |
63 | _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and | |
64 | mounted accordingly. | |
65 | ||
5afa9579 AŻ |
66 | **ro**:: |
67 | force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-only. If | |
68 | none of ro and rw is present, both are mounted according to _/etc/fstab_. | |
69 | ||
70 | **rw**:: | |
71 | force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-write. | |
72 | See also ro option. | |
73 | ||
b6c89768 | 74 | **rootfallback=**__<path to blockdevice>__:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
75 | specify the block device to use as the root filesystem, if the normal root |
76 | cannot be found. This can only be a simple block device with a simple file | |
77 | system, for which the filesystem driver is either compiled in, or added | |
78 | manually to the initramfs. This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
c4c1c4f4 | 79 | |
a6332e69 | 80 | **rd.auto** **rd.auto=1**:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
81 | enable autoassembly of special devices like cryptoLUKS, dmraid, mdraid or |
82 | lvm. Default is off as of dracut version >= 024. | |
e0641277 | 83 | |
888d53f2 HH |
84 | **rd.fstab=0**:: |
85 | do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in | |
86 | _/etc/fstab_ of the real root. | |
87 | ||
b6c89768 | 88 | **resume=**__<path to resume partition>__:: |
5d0404e3 | 89 | resume from a swap partition |
97903dfc | 90 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
91 | [listing] |
92 | .Example | |
93 | -- | |
97903dfc HH |
94 | resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 |
95 | resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
96 | resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7 | |
b6c89768 | 97 | -- |
97903dfc | 98 | |
9fb01d49 AŻ |
99 | **rd.skipfsck**:: |
100 | skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_. If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and | |
101 | the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this | |
102 | option to avoid duplication. | |
97903dfc | 103 | |
2ee48b4b | 104 | |
888d53f2 HH |
105 | Misc |
106 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 107 | **rd.driver.blacklist=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
108 | do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
109 | multiple times. | |
110 | ||
b6c89768 | 111 | **rd.driver.pre=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
112 | force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified |
113 | multiple times. | |
114 | ||
b6c89768 | 115 | **rd.driver.post=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
116 | force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules |
117 | have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
118 | ||
b6c89768 | 119 | **rd.retry=**__<seconds>__:: |
5cd7c104 HH |
120 | specify how long dracut should wait for devices to appear. |
121 | The default is 30 seconds. After 2/3 of the time, degraded raids are force | |
52da8a51 HH |
122 | started. If you have hardware, which takes a very long time to announce its |
123 | drives, you might want to extend this value. | |
5cd7c104 | 124 | |
13cb578a BL |
125 | **rd.noverifyssl**:: |
126 | accept self-signed certificates for ssl downloads. | |
127 | ||
b6c89768 | 128 | **rd.ctty=**__<terminal device>__:: |
14986b9d HH |
129 | specify the controlling terminal for the console. |
130 | This is useful, if you have multiple "console=" arguments. | |
131 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
132 | [[dracutkerneldebug]] |
133 | Debug | |
134 | ~~~~~ | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
135 | If you are dropped to an emergency shell, the file |
136 | _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ is created, which can be safed to a (to be | |
137 | mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick. Additional debugging | |
138 | info can be produced by adding **rd.debug** to the kernel command line. | |
c33488fe | 139 | _/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ contains all logs and the output of some tools. |
64d144ae HH |
140 | It should be attached to any report about dracut problems. |
141 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
142 | **rd.info**:: |
143 | print informational output though "quiet" is set | |
144 | ||
145 | **rd.shell**:: | |
146 | allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails | |
147 | ||
148 | **rd.debug**:: | |
64d144ae | 149 | set -x for the dracut shell. |
ef9ddb91 HH |
150 | If systemd is active in the initramfs, all output is logged to the systemd |
151 | journal, which you can inspect with "journalctl -ab". | |
152 | If systemd is not active, the logs are written to dmesg and | |
153 | _/run/initramfs/init.log_. | |
64d144ae | 154 | If "quiet" is set, it also logs to the console. |
888d53f2 | 155 | |
7bd8f233 | 156 | **rd.memdebug=[0-3]**:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
157 | Print memory usage info at various points, set the verbose level from 0 to 3. |
158 | + | |
9c322b2f | 159 | Higher level means more debugging output: |
b6c89768 HH |
160 | + |
161 | ---- | |
9c322b2f DY |
162 | 0 - no output |
163 | 1 - partial /proc/meminfo | |
164 | 2 - /proc/meminfo | |
165 | 3 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo | |
b6c89768 | 166 | ---- |
7bd8f233 | 167 | |
888d53f2 HH |
168 | **rd.break**:: |
169 | drop to a shell at the end | |
170 | ||
b6c89768 | 171 | **rd.break=**__{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
172 | drop to a shell on defined breakpoint |
173 | ||
174 | **rd.udev.info**:: | |
175 | set udev to loglevel info | |
176 | ||
177 | **rd.udev.debug**:: | |
178 | set udev to loglevel debug | |
179 | ||
180 | I18N | |
181 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 182 | **rd.vconsole.keymap=**__<keymap base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 | 183 | keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory; |
b6c89768 | 184 | will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 185 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
186 | [listing] |
187 | .Example | |
188 | -- | |
189 | rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys | |
190 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 191 | |
b6c89768 | 192 | **rd.vconsole.keymap.ext=**__<list of keymap base file names>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
193 | list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as |
194 | EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs | |
195 | ||
b6c89768 | 196 | **rd.vconsole.unicode**:: |
888d53f2 HH |
197 | boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to |
198 | _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs | |
199 | ||
b6c89768 | 200 | **rd.vconsole.font=**__<font base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 | 201 | console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to |
b6c89768 | 202 | _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 203 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
204 | [listing] |
205 | .Example | |
206 | -- | |
207 | rd.vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16 | |
208 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 209 | |
b6c89768 | 210 | **rd.vconsole.font.map=**__<console map base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
211 | see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans |
212 | directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the | |
213 | initramfs | |
214 | ||
b6c89768 | 215 | **rd.vconsole.font.unimap=**__<unicode table base file name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
216 | see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps |
217 | directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the | |
218 | initramfs | |
219 | ||
b6c89768 | 220 | **rd.locale.LANG=**__<locale>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
221 | taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in |
222 | basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will | |
b6c89768 | 223 | be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs. |
888d53f2 | 224 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
225 | [listing] |
226 | .Example | |
227 | -- | |
228 | rd.locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8 | |
229 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 230 | |
b6c89768 | 231 | **rd.locale.LC_ALL=**__<locale>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
232 | taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_ |
233 | in the initramfs | |
234 | ||
235 | LVM | |
236 | ~~~ | |
237 | **rd.lvm=0**:: | |
238 | disable LVM detection | |
239 | ||
b6c89768 | 240 | **rd.lvm.vg=**__<volume group name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
241 | only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be |
242 | specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
243 | ||
b6c89768 | 244 | **rd.lvm.lv=**__<logical volume name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
245 | only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be |
246 | specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
247 | ||
248 | **rd.lvm.conf=0**:: | |
249 | remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs | |
250 | ||
251 | crypto LUKS | |
252 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
253 | **rd.luks=0**:: | |
254 | disable crypto LUKS detection | |
255 | ||
b6c89768 | 256 | **rd.luks.uuid=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
257 | only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the |
258 | LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_. | |
259 | The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the | |
260 | LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. | |
261 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
262 | ||
b6c89768 | 263 | **rd.luks.allow-discards=**__<luks uuid>__:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
264 | Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given |
265 | UUID. Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to | |
266 | _<luks uuid>_. The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the | |
267 | beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID. | |
5ad3803d HH |
268 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
269 | ||
f7235c22 | 270 | **rd.luks.allow-discards**:: |
5ad3803d HH |
271 | Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions. |
272 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
273 | **rd.luks.crypttab=0**:: |
274 | do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_ | |
275 | ||
276 | crypto LUKS - key on removable device support | |
277 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 278 | **rd.luks.key=**__<keypath>__:__<keydev>__:__<luksdev>__:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
279 | _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_ |
280 | ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG. | |
281 | You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with | |
282 | 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly. | |
283 | + | |
284 | _keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of | |
285 | devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label | |
286 | (prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning | |
287 | will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed. | |
288 | This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block | |
289 | devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time. | |
290 | + | |
291 | If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS | |
292 | device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several | |
293 | LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is: | |
888d53f2 | 294 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
295 | [listing] |
296 | .Example | |
297 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 298 | rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key |
b6c89768 | 299 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
300 | + |
301 | As you see, you can skip colons in such a case. | |
173edca0 AŻ |
302 | + |
303 | [NOTE] | |
304 | =============================== | |
600c8769 | 305 | dracut pipes key to cryptsetup with _-d -_ argument, therefore you need to pipe |
173edca0 AŻ |
306 | to crypsetup luksFormat with _-d -_, too! |
307 | ||
308 | Here follows example for key encrypted with GPG: | |
309 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
310 | [listing] |
311 | -- | |
312 | gpg --quiet --decrypt rootkey.gpg | \ | |
313 | cryptsetup -d - -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ | |
173edca0 | 314 | --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 |
b6c89768 | 315 | -- |
173edca0 AŻ |
316 | |
317 | If you use plain keys, just add path to _-d_ option: | |
318 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
319 | [listing] |
320 | -- | |
321 | cryptsetup -d rootkey.key -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \ | |
322 | --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3 | |
323 | -- | |
173edca0 | 324 | =============================== |
888d53f2 HH |
325 | |
326 | MD RAID | |
327 | ~~~~~~~ | |
328 | **rd.md=0**:: | |
329 | disable MD RAID detection | |
330 | ||
331 | **rd.md.imsm=0**:: | |
332 | disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead | |
333 | ||
334 | **rd.md.ddf=0**:: | |
335 | disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead | |
336 | ||
337 | **rd.md.conf=0**:: | |
338 | ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs | |
339 | ||
340 | **rd.md.waitclean=1**:: | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
341 | wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before |
342 | continuing | |
888d53f2 | 343 | |
b6c89768 | 344 | **rd.md.uuid=**__<md raid uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
345 | only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
346 | specified multiple times. | |
347 | ||
348 | DM RAID | |
349 | ~~~~~~~ | |
350 | **rd.dm=0**:: | |
351 | disable DM RAID detection | |
352 | ||
b6c89768 | 353 | **rd.dm.uuid=**__<dm raid uuid>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
354 | only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be |
355 | specified multiple times. | |
356 | ||
357 | FIPS | |
358 | ~~~~ | |
359 | **rd.fips**:: | |
360 | enable FIPS | |
361 | ||
b6c89768 HH |
362 | **boot=**__<boot device>__:: |
363 | specify the device, where /boot is located. | |
888d53f2 | 364 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
365 | [listing] |
366 | .Example | |
367 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
368 | boot=/dev/sda1 |
369 | boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1 | |
370 | boot=UUID=<uuid> | |
371 | boot=LABEL=<label> | |
b6c89768 | 372 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
373 | |
374 | **rd.fips.skipkernel**:: | |
375 | skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not | |
376 | in a separate boot partition. | |
377 | ||
378 | Network | |
379 | ~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
380 | |
381 | [IMPORTANT] | |
382 | ===================== | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
383 | It is recommended to either bind an interface to a MAC with the **ifname** |
384 | argument, or to use the systemd-udevd predictable network interface names. | |
b6c89768 HH |
385 | |
386 | Predictable network interface device names based on: | |
387 | ||
388 | - firmware/bios-provided index numbers for on-board devices | |
389 | - firmware-provided pci-express hotplug slot index number | |
390 | - physical/geographical location of the hardware | |
391 | - the interface's MAC address | |
392 | ||
ef9ddb91 HH |
393 | See: |
394 | http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames | |
b6c89768 HH |
395 | |
396 | Two character prefixes based on the type of interface: | |
397 | ||
398 | en:: ethernet | |
399 | wl:: wlan | |
400 | ww:: wwan | |
401 | ||
402 | Type of names: | |
403 | ||
404 | o<index>:: on-board device index number | |
405 | s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: hotplug slot index number | |
406 | x<MAC>:: MAC address | |
407 | [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: PCI geographical location | |
408 | [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..][c<config>][i<interface>]:: USB port number chain | |
409 | ||
410 | All multi-function PCI devices will carry the [f<function>] number in the | |
411 | device name, including the function 0 device. | |
412 | ||
413 | When using PCI geography, The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0. | |
414 | ||
415 | For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the | |
416 | name gets longer than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not | |
417 | exported. | |
418 | The usual USB configuration == 1 and interface == 0 values are suppressed. | |
419 | ||
420 | PCI ethernet card with firmware index "1":: | |
421 | * eno1 | |
422 | ||
423 | PCI ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number:: | |
424 | * ens1 | |
425 | ||
426 | PCI ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports:: | |
427 | * enp2s0f0 | |
428 | * enp2s0f1 | |
429 | ||
430 | PCI wlan card:: | |
431 | * wlp3s0 | |
432 | ||
433 | USB built-in 3G modem:: | |
434 | * wwp0s29u1u4i6 | |
435 | ||
436 | USB Android phone:: | |
437 | * enp0s29u1u2 | |
438 | ===================== | |
439 | ||
440 | **ip=**__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:: | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
441 | dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, |
442 | loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first | |
443 | with a valid DHCP root-path. | |
888d53f2 HH |
444 | |
445 | auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration | |
446 | ||
447 | dhcp6::: IPv6 DHCP | |
448 | ||
449 | ibft::: iBFT autoconfiguration | |
450 | ||
b6c89768 | 451 | **ip=**__<interface>__:__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}__[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
452 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
453 | + | |
1760dfc0 | 454 | ===================== |
888d53f2 HH |
455 | dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface |
456 | auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration | |
1760dfc0 HH |
457 | <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This |
458 | cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the | |
459 | same <interface>. | |
460 | ===================== | |
461 | ||
e38e73d5 | 462 | **ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__:[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
463 | explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it |
464 | in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple | |
e38e73d5 | 465 | times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint |
ef9ddb91 HH |
466 | for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal |
467 | number, encoding the network prefix length. | |
990e945f | 468 | + |
1760dfc0 HH |
469 | ===================== |
470 | <macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This | |
471 | cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the | |
472 | same <interface>. | |
473 | ===================== | |
474 | ||
1982098e HH |
475 | **ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__[:[__<dns1>__][:__<dns2>__]]:: |
476 | explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it | |
477 | in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple | |
478 | times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint | |
479 | for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal | |
480 | number, encoding the network prefix length. | |
481 | ||
b6c89768 | 482 | **ifname=**__<interface>__:__<MAC>__:: |
ef9ddb91 HH |
483 | Assign network device name <interface> (ie "bootnet") to the NIC with |
484 | MAC <MAC>. | |
1760dfc0 | 485 | + |
b6c89768 | 486 | WARNING: Do **not** use the default kernel naming scheme for the interface name, |
1760dfc0 HH |
487 | as it can conflict with the kernel names. So, don't use "eth[0-9]+" for the |
488 | interface name. Better name it "bootnet" or "bluesocket". | |
888d53f2 | 489 | |
b6c89768 | 490 | **bootdev=**__<interface>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
491 | specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. |
492 | Required if multiple ip= lines are used. | |
493 | ||
ee993857 HH |
494 | **BOOTIF=**__<MAC>__:: |
495 | specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from. | |
496 | ||
497 | **rd.bootif=0**:: | |
498 | Disable BOOTIF parsing, which is provided by PXE | |
499 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
500 | **nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]:: |
501 | specify nameserver(s) to use | |
502 | ||
503 | **biosdevname=0**:: | |
504 | boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming | |
505 | ||
48dba7f9 HH |
506 | **rd.neednet=1**:: |
507 | boolean, bring up network even without netroot set | |
508 | ||
b6c89768 | 509 | **vlan=**__<vlanname>__:__<phydevice>__:: |
144787fe | 510 | Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>. |
ef9ddb91 HH |
511 | We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005), |
512 | VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5), DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005), | |
513 | DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5) | |
144787fe | 514 | |
b6c89768 | 515 | **bond=**__<bondname>__[:__<bondslaves>__:[:__<options>__]]:: |
c438bdb0 AW |
516 | Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>. |
517 | <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
518 | <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for |
519 | details) in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes | |
520 | multi-valued arp_ip_target option, then its values should be separated by | |
521 | semicolon. Bond without parameters assumes | |
522 | bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr | |
c438bdb0 | 523 | |
b6c89768 | 524 | **team=**__<teammaster>__:__<teamslaves>__:: |
3baa150b CW |
525 | Setup team device <teammaster> on top of <teamslaves>. |
526 | <teamslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. | |
527 | ||
b6c89768 | 528 | **bridge=**__<bridgename>__:__<ethnames>__:: |
21928b97 | 529 | Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated |
ef9ddb91 HH |
530 | list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes |
531 | bridge=br0:eth0 | |
9337c692 | 532 | |
888d53f2 HH |
533 | NFS |
534 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 535 | **root=**\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
536 | mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
537 | dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in | |
538 | brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix | |
539 | ":" or "," and are seperated by ",". | |
540 | ||
b6c89768 | 541 | **root=**nfs:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**nfs4:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**__{dhcp|dhcp6}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
542 | root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS |
543 | options can be specified. | |
544 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
545 | [listing] |
546 | .Example | |
547 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
548 | root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] |
549 | root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] | |
550 | root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] | |
b6c89768 | 551 | -- |
888d53f2 | 552 | |
b6c89768 | 553 | **root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
554 | _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this |
555 | method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended. | |
556 | ||
b6c89768 | 557 | **rd.nfs.domain=**__<NFSv4 domain name>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
558 | Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will overwrite the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_. |
559 | ||
d580636e MG |
560 | CIFS |
561 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 562 | **root=**cifs://[__<username>__[:__<password>__]@]__<server-ip>__:__<root-dir>__:: |
d580636e MG |
563 | mount cifs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use |
564 | dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in | |
565 | brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. If a username or password are not specified | |
566 | as part of the root, then they must be passed on the command line through | |
567 | cifsuser/cifspass. | |
833685de | 568 | + |
ef9ddb91 HH |
569 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
570 | users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the | |
571 | network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. | |
d580636e | 572 | |
b6c89768 | 573 | **cifsuser**=__<username>__:: |
d580636e MG |
574 | Set the cifs username, if not specified as part of the root. |
575 | ||
b6c89768 | 576 | **cifspass**=__<password>__:: |
d580636e | 577 | Set the cifs password, if not specified as part of the root. |
833685de | 578 | + |
ef9ddb91 HH |
579 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
580 | users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the | |
581 | network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. | |
d580636e | 582 | |
888d53f2 HH |
583 | iSCSI |
584 | ~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 585 | **root=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
586 | protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is |
587 | provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other | |
588 | associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if | |
589 | the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then | |
590 | used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated | |
591 | fields. See | |
592 | link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173]. | |
888d53f2 | 593 | + |
ef9ddb91 HH |
594 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
595 | users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the | |
596 | network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. | |
b6c89768 HH |
597 | + |
598 | [listing] | |
599 | .Example | |
600 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 601 | root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 602 | -- |
888d53f2 | 603 | + |
b6c89768 | 604 | If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
888d53f2 | 605 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
606 | [listing] |
607 | .Example | |
608 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 609 | root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 610 | -- |
888d53f2 | 611 | |
b6c89768 HH |
612 | **root=**__???__ **netroot=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__ ...:: |
613 | multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks: | |
888d53f2 | 614 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
615 | [listing] |
616 | .Example | |
617 | -- | |
888d53f2 HH |
618 | root=UUID=12424547 |
619 | netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 | |
620 | netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1 | |
b6c89768 | 621 | -- |
888d53f2 | 622 | + |
b6c89768 | 623 | If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets: |
888d53f2 | 624 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
625 | [listing] |
626 | .Example | |
627 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 628 | netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 |
b6c89768 | 629 | -- |
833685de | 630 | + |
ef9ddb91 HH |
631 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
632 | users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the | |
633 | network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. | |
634 | You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. | |
888d53f2 | 635 | |
b6c89768 | 636 | **root=**__???__ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**__<initiator>__ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**__<target name>__ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**__<target ip>__ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**__<target port>__ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**__<target group>__ **rd.iscsi.username=**__<username>__ **rd.iscsi.password=**__<password>__ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**__<in username>__ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**__<in password>__:: |
888d53f2 | 637 | manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistart --help+**) |
833685de | 638 | + |
ef9ddb91 HH |
639 | WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all |
640 | users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the | |
641 | network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path. | |
642 | You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware. | |
888d53f2 HH |
643 | |
644 | **root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**:: | |
645 | will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware | |
646 | ||
b6c89768 | 647 | **rd.iscsi.param=**__<param>__:: |
8d51acbb HH |
648 | <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart. |
649 | This parameter can be specified multiple times. | |
8d51acbb | 650 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
651 | [listing] |
652 | .Example | |
653 | -- | |
833685de | 654 | "netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1 rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30" |
b6c89768 | 655 | -- |
8d51acbb HH |
656 | + |
657 | will result in | |
658 | + | |
b6c89768 HH |
659 | [listing] |
660 | -- | |
8d51acbb | 661 | iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30 |
b6c89768 | 662 | -- |
8d51acbb | 663 | |
888d53f2 HH |
664 | FCoE |
665 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 666 | **fcoe=**__<edd|interface|MAC>__:__{dcb|nodcb}__:: |
888d53f2 HH |
667 | Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or |
668 | _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. For the second argument, currently only nodcb is | |
1760dfc0 HH |
669 | supported. This parameter can be specified multiple times. |
670 | + | |
b6c89768 | 671 | NOTE: letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase! |
888d53f2 HH |
672 | |
673 | NBD | |
674 | ~~~ | |
b6c89768 | 675 | **root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
676 | mount nbd share from <server> |
677 | ||
b6c89768 | 678 | **root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]:: |
888d53f2 HH |
679 | root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD |
680 | options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are | |
681 | directly mounting the volume as the rootfs. | |
682 | ||
683 | DASD | |
684 | ~~~~ | |
4d76a85d | 685 | **rd.dasd=**....:: |
888d53f2 HH |
686 | same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only) |
687 | ||
888d53f2 HH |
688 | ZFCP |
689 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
690 | **rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__,__<WWPN>__,__<FCPLUN>__:: |
691 | rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
888d53f2 | 692 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
693 | [listing] |
694 | .Example | |
695 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 696 | rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000 |
b6c89768 | 697 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
698 | |
699 | **rd.zfcp.conf=0**:: | |
700 | ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs | |
701 | ||
702 | ZNET | |
703 | ~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
704 | **rd.znet=**__<nettype>__,__<subchannels>__,__<options>__:: |
705 | rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. | |
888d53f2 | 706 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
707 | [listing] |
708 | .Example | |
709 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 710 | rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo |
62fd2b36 | 711 | rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar |
b6c89768 | 712 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
713 | |
714 | Plymouth Boot Splash | |
715 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
716 | **plymouth.enable=0**:: | |
717 | disable the plymouth bootsplash completly. | |
718 | ||
719 | **rd.plymouth=0**:: | |
720 | disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs. | |
721 | ||
722 | Kernel keys | |
723 | ~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
b6c89768 HH |
724 | **masterkey=**__<kernel master key path name>__:: |
725 | Set the path name of the kernel master key. | |
888d53f2 | 726 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
727 | [listing] |
728 | .Example | |
729 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 730 | masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 731 | -- |
888d53f2 | 732 | |
b6c89768 HH |
733 | **masterkeytype=**__<kernel master key type>__:: |
734 | Set the type of the kernel master key. | |
888d53f2 | 735 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
736 | [listing] |
737 | .Example | |
738 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 739 | masterkeytype=trusted |
b6c89768 | 740 | -- |
888d53f2 | 741 | |
b6c89768 HH |
742 | **evmkey=**__<EVM key path name>__:: |
743 | Set the path name of the EVM key. | |
888d53f2 | 744 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
745 | [listing] |
746 | .Example | |
747 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 748 | evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 749 | -- |
888d53f2 | 750 | |
b6c89768 HH |
751 | **ecryptfskey=**__<eCryptfs key path name>__:: |
752 | Set the path name of the eCryptfs key. | |
888d53f2 | 753 | + |
b6c89768 HH |
754 | [listing] |
755 | .Example | |
756 | -- | |
888d53f2 | 757 | ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob |
b6c89768 | 758 | -- |
888d53f2 HH |
759 | |
760 | Deprecated, renamed Options | |
761 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
762 | Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and |
763 | their new replacement. | |
888d53f2 HH |
764 | |
765 | rdbreak:: rd.break | |
766 | ||
767 | rd_CCW:: rd.ccw | |
768 | ||
4d76a85d | 769 | rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd |
888d53f2 HH |
770 | |
771 | rd_DASD:: rd.dasd | |
772 | ||
773 | rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug | |
774 | ||
775 | rd_NO_DM:: rd.dm=0 | |
776 | ||
777 | rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid | |
778 | ||
779 | rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist | |
780 | ||
781 | rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post | |
782 | ||
783 | rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre | |
784 | ||
785 | rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0 | |
786 | ||
787 | rdinfo:: rd.info | |
788 | ||
789 | check:: rd.live.check | |
790 | ||
791 | rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug | |
792 | ||
793 | live_dir:: rd.live.dir | |
794 | ||
795 | liveimg:: rd.live.image | |
796 | ||
797 | overlay:: rd.live.overlay | |
798 | ||
799 | readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly | |
800 | ||
801 | reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset | |
802 | ||
803 | live_ram:: rd.live.ram | |
804 | ||
805 | rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0 | |
806 | ||
807 | rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid | |
808 | ||
809 | rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath | |
810 | ||
811 | rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0 | |
812 | ||
813 | rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid | |
814 | ||
815 | rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf | |
816 | ||
817 | rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv | |
818 | ||
819 | rd_NO_LVM:: rd.lvm=0 | |
820 | ||
821 | rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot | |
822 | ||
823 | rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize | |
824 | ||
825 | rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg | |
826 | ||
827 | rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0 | |
828 | ||
829 | rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0 | |
830 | ||
831 | rd_NO_MD:: rd.md=0 | |
832 | ||
833 | rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid | |
834 | ||
835 | rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain | |
836 | ||
837 | iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator | |
838 | ||
839 | iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name | |
840 | ||
841 | iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip | |
842 | ||
843 | iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port | |
844 | ||
845 | iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group | |
846 | ||
847 | iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username | |
848 | ||
849 | iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password | |
850 | ||
851 | iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username | |
852 | ||
853 | iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password | |
854 | ||
855 | iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0 | |
856 | ||
857 | rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0 | |
858 | ||
859 | rd_retry:: rd.retry | |
860 | ||
861 | rdshell:: rd.shell | |
862 | ||
863 | rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash | |
864 | ||
865 | rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug | |
866 | ||
867 | rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info | |
868 | ||
869 | rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0 | |
870 | ||
871 | rd_ZFCP:: rd.zfcp | |
872 | ||
873 | rd_ZNET:: rd.znet | |
874 | ||
875 | KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap | |
876 | ||
877 | KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap | |
878 | ||
879 | SYSFONT:: vconsole.font | |
880 | ||
881 | CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map | |
882 | ||
883 | UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap | |
884 | ||
885 | UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode | |
886 | ||
887 | EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext | |
888 | ||
889 | Configuration in the Initramfs | |
890 | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | |
891 | _/etc/conf.d/_:: | |
892 | Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to | |
893 | set initial values. Command line options will override these values | |
894 | set in the configuration files. | |
895 | ||
896 | _/etc/cmdline_:: | |
ef9ddb91 HH |
897 | Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use |
898 | /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf. | |
888d53f2 HH |
899 | |
900 | _/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_:: | |
901 | Can contain additional command line options. | |
902 | ||
903 | AUTHOR | |
904 | ------ | |
9f355169 | 905 | Harald Hoyer |
888d53f2 HH |
906 | |
907 | SEE ALSO | |
908 | -------- | |
909 | *dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5) |