+++ /dev/null
-DRACUT.CMDLINE(7)
-=================
-:doctype: manpage
-:man source: dracut
-:man manual: dracut
-
-NAME
-----
-dracut.cmdline - dracut kernel command line options
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-The root device used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration
-file on the kernel command line, as always.
-
-The traditional _root=/dev/sda1_ style device specification is allowed, but not
-encouraged. The root device should better be identified by LABEL or UUID. If a
-label is used, as in _root=LABEL=<label_of_root>_ the initramfs will search all
-available devices for a filesystem with the appropriate label, and mount that
-device as the root filesystem. _root=UUID=<uuidnumber>_ will mount the partition
-with that UUID as the root filesystem.
-
-In the following all kernel command line parameters, which are processed by
-dracut, are described.
-
-"rd.*" parameters mentioned without "=" are boolean parameters. They can be
-turned on/off by setting them to {0|1}. If the assignment with "=" is missing
-"=1" is implied. For example _rd.info_ can be turned off with _rd.info=0_ or
-turned on with _rd.info=1_ or _rd.info_. The last value in the kernel command
-line is the value, which is honored.
-
-Standard
-~~~~~~~~
-**init=**__<path to real init>__::
- specify the path to the init program to be started after the initramfs has
- finished
-
-**root=**__<path to blockdevice>__::
- specify the block device to use as the root filesystem.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-root=/dev/sda1
-root=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
-root=/dev/disk/by-label/Root
-root=LABEL=Root
-root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
-root=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
-root=PARTUUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
---
-
-**rootfstype=**__<filesystem type>__:: "auto" if not specified.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rootfstype=ext3
---
-
-**rootflags=**__<mount options>__::
- specify additional mount options for the root filesystem. If not set,
- _/etc/fstab_ of the real root will be parsed for special mount options and
- mounted accordingly.
-
-**ro**::
- force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-only. If
- none of ro and rw is present, both are mounted according to _/etc/fstab_.
-
-**rw**::
- force mounting _/_ and _/usr_ (if it is a separate device) read-write.
- See also ro option.
-
-**rootfallback=**__<path to blockdevice>__::
- specify the block device to use as the root filesystem, if the normal root
- cannot be found. This can only be a simple block device with a simple file
- system, for which the filesystem driver is either compiled in, or added
- manually to the initramfs. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-
-**rd.auto** **rd.auto=1**::
- enable autoassembly of special devices like cryptoLUKS, dmraid, mdraid or
- lvm. Default is off as of dracut version >= 024.
-
-**rd.hostonly=0**::
- removes all compiled in configuration of the host system the initramfs image
- was built on. This helps booting, if any disk layout changed, especially in
- combination with rd.auto or other parameters specifying the layout.
-
-**rd.cmdline=ask**::
- prompts the user for additional kernel command line parameters
-
-**rd.fstab=0**::
- do not honor special mount options for the root filesystem found in
- _/etc/fstab_ of the real root.
-
-**resume=**__<path to resume partition>__::
- resume from a swap partition
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-resume=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
-resume=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
-resume=UUID=3f5ad593-4546-4a94-a374-bcfb68aa11f7
---
-
-**rd.skipfsck**::
- skip fsck for rootfs and _/usr_. If you're mounting _/usr_ read-only and
- the init system performs fsck before remount, you might want to use this
- option to avoid duplication.
-
-iso-scan/filename
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Using iso-scan/filename with a Fedora/Red Hat/CentOS Live iso should just work
-by copying the original kernel cmdline parameters.
-
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-menuentry 'Live Fedora 20' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
- set isolabel=Fedora-Live-LXDE-x86_64-20-1
- set isofile="/boot/iso/Fedora-Live-LXDE-x86_64-20-1.iso"
- loopback loop $isofile
- linux (loop)/isolinux/vmlinuz0 boot=isolinux iso-scan/filename=$isofile root=live:LABEL=$isolabel ro rd.live.image quiet rhgb
- initrd (loop)/isolinux/initrd0.img
-}
---
-
-Misc
-~~~~
-**rd.emergency=**__[reboot|poweroff|halt]__::
- specify, what action to execute in case of a critical failure. rd.shell=0 also
- be specified.
-
-**rd.driver.blacklist=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]::
- do not load kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
- multiple times.
-
-**rd.driver.pre=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]::
- force loading kernel module <drivername>. This parameter can be specified
- multiple times.
-
-**rd.driver.post=**__<drivername>__[,__<drivername>__,...]::
- force loading kernel module <drivername> after all automatic loading modules
- have been loaded. This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-
-**rd.retry=**__<seconds>__::
- specify how long dracut should retry the initqueue to configure devices.
- The default is 30 seconds. After 2/3 of the time, degraded raids are force
- started. If you have hardware, which takes a very long time to announce its
- drives, you might want to extend this value.
-
-**rd.timeout=**__<seconds>__::
- specify how long dracut should wait for devices to appear. The
- default is '0', which means 'forever'. Note that this timeout
- should be longer than rd.retry to allow for proper configuration.
-
-**rd.noverifyssl**::
- accept self-signed certificates for ssl downloads.
-
-**rd.ctty=**__<terminal device>__::
- specify the controlling terminal for the console.
- This is useful, if you have multiple "console=" arguments.
-
-[[dracutkerneldebug]]
-Debug
-~~~~~
-If you are dropped to an emergency shell, the file
-_/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ is created, which can be saved to a (to be
-mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick. Additional debugging
-info can be produced by adding **rd.debug** to the kernel command line.
-_/run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt_ contains all logs and the output of some tools.
-It should be attached to any report about dracut problems.
-
-**rd.info**::
- print informational output though "quiet" is set
-
-**rd.shell**::
- allow dropping to a shell, if root mounting fails
-
-**rd.debug**::
- set -x for the dracut shell.
- If systemd is active in the initramfs, all output is logged to the systemd
- journal, which you can inspect with "journalctl -ab".
- If systemd is not active, the logs are written to dmesg and
- _/run/initramfs/init.log_.
- If "quiet" is set, it also logs to the console.
-
-**rd.memdebug=[0-4]**::
- Print memory usage info at various points, set the verbose level from 0 to 4.
-+
- Higher level means more debugging output:
-+
-----
- 0 - no output
- 1 - partial /proc/meminfo
- 2 - /proc/meminfo
- 3 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo
- 4 - /proc/meminfo + /proc/slabinfo + tracekomem
- NOTE: tracekomem is a shell script utilizing kernel trace to track
- the rough total memory consumption of kernel modules during
- loading. It may override other trace configurations.
-----
-
-**rd.break**::
- drop to a shell at the end
-
-**rd.break=**__{cmdline|pre-udev|pre-trigger|initqueue|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|cleanup}__::
- drop to a shell on defined breakpoint
-
-**rd.udev.info**::
- set udev to loglevel info
-
-**rd.udev.debug**::
- set udev to loglevel debug
-
-I18N
-~~~~
-**rd.vconsole.keymap=**__<keymap base file name>__::
- keyboard translation table loaded by loadkeys; taken from keymaps directory;
- will be written as KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
---
-
-**rd.vconsole.keymap.ext=**__<list of keymap base file names>__::
- list of extra keymaps to bo loaded (sep. by space); will be written as
- EXT_KEYMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
-
-**rd.vconsole.unicode**::
- boolean, indicating UTF-8 mode; will be written as UNICODE to
- _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs
-
-**rd.vconsole.font=**__<font base file name>__::
- console font; taken from consolefonts directory; will be written as FONT to
- _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the initramfs.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.vconsole.font=LatArCyrHeb-16
---
-
-**rd.vconsole.font.map=**__<console map base file name>__::
- see description of '-m' parameter in setfont manual; taken from consoletrans
- directory; will be written as FONT_MAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
- initramfs
-
-**rd.vconsole.font.unimap=**__<unicode table base file name>__::
- see description of '-u' parameter in setfont manual; taken from unimaps
- directory; will be written as FONT_UNIMAP to _/etc/vconsole.conf_ in the
- initramfs
-
-**rd.locale.LANG=**__<locale>__::
- taken from the environment; if no UNICODE is defined we set its value in
- basis of LANG value (whether it ends with ".utf8" (or similar) or not); will
- be written as LANG to _/etc/locale.conf_ in the initramfs.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.locale.LANG=pl_PL.utf8
---
-
-**rd.locale.LC_ALL=**__<locale>__::
- taken from the environment; will be written as LC_ALL to _/etc/locale.conf_
- in the initramfs
-
-LVM
-~~~
-**rd.lvm=0**::
- disable LVM detection
-
-**rd.lvm.vg=**__<volume group name>__::
- only activate the volume groups with the given name. rd.lvm.vg can be
- specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
-
-**rd.lvm.lv=**__<logical volume name>__::
- only activate the logical volumes with the given name. rd.lvm.lv can be
- specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
-
-**rd.lvm.conf=0**::
- remove any _/etc/lvm/lvm.conf_, which may exist in the initramfs
-
-crypto LUKS
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-**rd.luks=0**::
- disable crypto LUKS detection
-
-**rd.luks.uuid=**__<luks uuid>__::
- only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID. Any "luks-" of the
- LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to _<luks uuid>_.
- The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the beginning of the
- LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-
-**rd.luks.allow-discards=**__<luks uuid>__::
- Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests for LUKS partitions with the given
- UUID. Any "luks-" of the LUKS UUID is removed before comparing to
- _<luks uuid>_. The comparisons also matches, if _<luks uuid>_ is only the
- beginning of the LUKS UUID, so you don't have to specify the full UUID.
- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-
-**rd.luks.allow-discards**::
- Allow using of discards (TRIM) requests on all LUKS partitions.
-
-**rd.luks.crypttab=0**::
- do not check, if LUKS partition is in _/etc/crypttab_
-
-crypto LUKS - key on removable device support
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-**rd.luks.key=**__<keypath>__:__<keydev>__:__<luksdev>__::
- _keypath_ is a path to key file to look for. It's REQUIRED. When _keypath_
- ends with '.gpg' it's considered to be key encrypted symmetrically with GPG.
- You will be prompted for password on boot. GPG support comes with
- 'crypt-gpg' module which needs to be added explicitly.
-+
-_keydev_ is a device on which key file resides. It might be kernel name of
-devices (should start with "/dev/"), UUID (prefixed with "UUID=") or label
-(prefix with "LABEL="). You don't have to specify full UUID. Just its beginning
-will suffice, even if its ambiguous. All matching devices will be probed.
-This parameter is recommended, but not required. If not present, all block
-devices will be probed, which may significantly increase boot time.
-+
-If _luksdev_ is given, the specified key will only be applied for that LUKS
-device. Possible values are the same as for _keydev_. Unless you have several
-LUKS devices, you don't have to specify this parameter. The simplest usage is:
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.luks.key=/foo/bar.key
---
-+
-As you see, you can skip colons in such a case.
-+
-[NOTE]
-===============================
-dracut pipes key to cryptsetup with _-d -_ argument, therefore you need to pipe
-to crypsetup luksFormat with _-d -_, too!
-
-Here follows example for key encrypted with GPG:
-
-[listing]
---
-gpg --quiet --decrypt rootkey.gpg | \
-cryptsetup -d - -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \
---key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3
---
-
-If you use plain keys, just add path to _-d_ option:
-
-[listing]
---
-cryptsetup -d rootkey.key -v --cipher serpent-cbc-essiv:sha256 \
- --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/sda3
---
-===============================
-
-MD RAID
-~~~~~~~
-**rd.md=0**::
- disable MD RAID detection
-
-**rd.md.imsm=0**::
- disable MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use DM RAID instead
-
-**rd.md.ddf=0**::
- disable MD RAID for SNIA ddf raids, use DM RAID instead
-
-**rd.md.conf=0**::
- ignore mdadm.conf included in initramfs
-
-**rd.md.waitclean=1**::
- wait for any resync, recovery, or reshape activity to finish before
- continuing
-
-**rd.md.uuid=**__<md raid uuid>__::
- only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
- specified multiple times.
-
-DM RAID
-~~~~~~~
-**rd.dm=0**::
- disable DM RAID detection
-
-**rd.dm.uuid=**__<dm raid uuid>__::
- only activate the raid sets with the given UUID. This parameter can be
- specified multiple times.
-
-MULTIPATH
-~~~~~~~~~
-**rd.multipath=0**::
- disable multipath detection
-
-FIPS
-~~~~
-**rd.fips**::
- enable FIPS
-
-**boot=**__<boot device>__::
- specify the device, where /boot is located.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-boot=/dev/sda1
-boot=/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1
-boot=UUID=<uuid>
-boot=LABEL=<label>
---
-
-**rd.fips.skipkernel**::
- skip checksum check of the kernel image. Useful, if the kernel image is not
- in a separate boot partition.
-
-Network
-~~~~~~~
-
-[IMPORTANT]
-=====================
-It is recommended to either bind an interface to a MAC with the **ifname**
-argument, or to use the systemd-udevd predictable network interface names.
-
-Predictable network interface device names based on:
-
-- firmware/bios-provided index numbers for on-board devices
-- firmware-provided pci-express hotplug slot index number
-- physical/geographical location of the hardware
-- the interface's MAC address
-
-See:
-http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
-
-Two character prefixes based on the type of interface:
-
-en:: ethernet
-wl:: wlan
-ww:: wwan
-
-Type of names:
-
-o<index>:: on-board device index number
-s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: hotplug slot index number
-x<MAC>:: MAC address
-[P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_id>]:: PCI geographical location
-[P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..][c<config>][i<interface>]:: USB port number chain
-
-All multi-function PCI devices will carry the [f<function>] number in the
-device name, including the function 0 device.
-
-When using PCI geography, The PCI domain is only prepended when it is not 0.
-
-For USB devices the full chain of port numbers of hubs is composed. If the
-name gets longer than the maximum number of 15 characters, the name is not
-exported.
-The usual USB configuration == 1 and interface == 0 values are suppressed.
-
-PCI ethernet card with firmware index "1"::
-* eno1
-
-PCI ethernet card in hotplug slot with firmware index number::
-* ens1
-
-PCI ethernet multi-function card with 2 ports::
-* enp2s0f0
-* enp2s0f1
-
-PCI wlan card::
-* wlp3s0
-
-USB built-in 3G modem::
-* wwp0s29u1u4i6
-
-USB Android phone::
-* enp0s29u1u2
-=====================
-
-**ip=**__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|either6}__::
- dhcp|on|any::: get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp,
- loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first
- with a valid DHCP root-path.
-
- auto6::: IPv6 autoconfiguration
-
- dhcp6::: IPv6 DHCP
-
- either6::: if auto6 fails, then dhcp6
-
-**ip=**__<interface>__:__{dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6}__[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]::
- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-+
-=====================
-dhcp|on|any|dhcp6::: get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
-auto6::: do IPv6 autoconfiguration
-<macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This
-cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the
-same <interface>.
-=====================
-
-**ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__[:[__<mtu>__][:__<macaddr>__]]::
- explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it
- in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple
- times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint
- for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal
- number, encoding the network prefix length.
-+
-=====================
-<macaddr>::: optionally **set** <macaddr> on the <interface>. This
-cannot be used in conjunction with the **ifname** argument for the
-same <interface>.
-=====================
-
-**ip=**__<client-IP>__:[__<peer>__]:__<gateway-IP>__:__<netmask>__:__<client_hostname>__:__<interface>__:__{none|off|dhcp|on|any|dhcp6|auto6|ibft}__[:[__<dns1>__][:__<dns2>__]]::
- explicit network configuration. If you want do define a IPv6 address, put it
- in brackets (e.g. [2001:DB8::1]). This parameter can be specified multiple
- times. __<peer>__ is optional and is the address of the remote endpoint
- for pointopoint interfaces and it may be followed by a slash and a decimal
- number, encoding the network prefix length.
-
-**ifname=**__<interface>__:__<MAC>__::
- Assign network device name <interface> (ie "bootnet") to the NIC with
- MAC <MAC>.
-+
-WARNING: Do **not** use the default kernel naming scheme for the interface name,
-as it can conflict with the kernel names. So, don't use "eth[0-9]+" for the
-interface name. Better name it "bootnet" or "bluesocket".
-
-**rd.route=**__<net>__/__<netmask>__:__<gateway>__[:__<interface>__]::
- Add a static route with route options, which are separated by a colon.
- IPv6 addresses have to be put in brackets.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
- rd.route=192.168.200.0/24:192.168.100.222:ens10
- rd.route=192.168.200.0/24:192.168.100.222
- rd.route=192.168.200.0/24::ens10
- rd.route=[2001:DB8:3::/8]:[2001:DB8:2::1]:ens10
---
-
-**bootdev=**__<interface>__::
- specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from.
- Required if multiple ip= lines are used.
-
-**BOOTIF=**__<MAC>__::
- specify network interface to use routing and netroot information from.
-
-**rd.bootif=0**::
- Disable BOOTIF parsing, which is provided by PXE
-
-**nameserver=**__<IP>__ [**nameserver=**__<IP>__ ...]::
- specify nameserver(s) to use
-
-**rd.peerdns=0**::
- Disable DNS setting of DHCP parameters.
-
-**biosdevname=0**::
- boolean, turn off biosdevname network interface renaming
-
-**rd.neednet=1**::
- boolean, bring up network even without netroot set
-
-**vlan=**__<vlanname>__:__<phydevice>__::
- Setup vlan device named <vlanname> on <phydeivce>.
- We support the four styles of vlan names: VLAN_PLUS_VID (vlan0005),
- VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (vlan5), DEV_PLUS_VID (eth0.0005),
- DEV_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD (eth0.5)
-
-**bond=**__<bondname>__[:__<bondslaves>__:[:__<options>__[:<mtu>]]]::
- Setup bonding device <bondname> on top of <bondslaves>.
- <bondslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces.
- <options> is a comma-separated list on bonding options (modinfo bonding for
- details) in format compatible with initscripts. If <options> includes
- multi-valued arp_ip_target option, then its values should be separated by
- semicolon. if the mtu is specified, it will be set on the bond master.
- Bond without parameters assumes
- bond=bond0:eth0,eth1:mode=balance-rr
-
-**team=**__<teammaster>__:__<teamslaves>__::
- Setup team device <teammaster> on top of <teamslaves>.
- <teamslaves> is a comma-separated list of physical (ethernet) interfaces.
-
-**bridge=**__<bridgename>__:__<ethnames>__::
- Setup bridge <bridgename> with <ethnames>. <ethnames> is a comma-separated
- list of physical (ethernet) interfaces. Bridge without parameters assumes
- bridge=br0:eth0
-
-NFS
-~~~
-**root=**\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]::
- mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
- dhcp next_server. If server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
- brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. NFS options can be appended with the prefix
- ":" or "," and are seperated by ",".
-
-**root=**nfs:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**nfs4:\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__], **root=**__{dhcp|dhcp6}__::
- root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS
- options can be specified.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
- root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
- root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
- root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
---
-
-**root=**_/dev/nfs_ nfsroot=\[_<server-ip>_:]__<root-dir>__[:__<nfs-options>__]::
- _Deprecated!_ kernel Documentation_/filesystems/nfsroot.txt_ defines this
- method. This is supported by dracut, but not recommended.
-
-**rd.nfs.domain=**__<NFSv4 domain name>__::
- Set the NFSv4 domain name. Will override the settings in _/etc/idmap.conf_.
-
-**rd.net.dhcp.retry=**__<cnt>__::
- If this option is set, dracut will try to connect via dhcp <cnt> times before failing.
- Default is 1.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.dhcp=**__<arg>__::
- If this option is set, dhclient is called with "-timeout <arg>".
-
-**rd.net.timeout.iflink=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until link shows up. Default is 60 seconds.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.ifup=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until link has state "UP". Default is 20 seconds.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.route=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until route shows up. Default is 20 seconds.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.ipv6dad=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until IPv6 DAD is finished. Default is 50 seconds.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.ipv6auto=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until IPv6 automatic addresses are assigned. Default is 40 seconds.
-
-**rd.net.timeout.carrier=**__<seconds>__::
- Wait <seconds> until carrier is recognized. Default is 5 seconds.
-
-CIFS
-~~~
-**root=**cifs://[__<username>__[:__<password>__]@]__<server-ip>__:__<root-dir>__::
- mount cifs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given, use
- dhcp next_server. if server-ip is an IPv6 address it has to be put in
- brackets, e.g. [2001:DB8::1]. If a username or password are not specified
-as part of the root, then they must be passed on the command line through
-cifsuser/cifspass.
-+
-WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all
-users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the
-network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
-
-**cifsuser**=__<username>__::
- Set the cifs username, if not specified as part of the root.
-
-**cifspass**=__<password>__::
- Set the cifs password, if not specified as part of the root.
-+
-WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all
-users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the
-network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
-
-iSCSI
-~~~~~
-**root=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__::
- protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0". If the "servername" field is
- provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that field is used in conjunction with other
- associated fields to contact the boot server in the Boot stage. However, if
- the "servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is then
- used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other associated
- fields. See
- link:$$http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173#section-5$$[rfc4173].
-+
-WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all
-users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the
-network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
---
-+
-If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets:
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-root=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
---
-
-**root=**__???__ **netroot=**iscsi:[__<username>__:__<password>__[:__<reverse>__:__<password>__]@][__<servername>__]:[__<protocol>__]:[__<port>__][:[__<iscsi_iface_name>__]:[__<netdev_name>__]]:[__<LUN>__]:__<targetname>__ ...::
- multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks:
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-root=UUID=12424547
-netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
-netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
---
-+
-If servername is an IPv6 address, it has to be put in brackets:
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-netroot=iscsi:[2001:DB8::1]::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0
---
-+
-WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all
-users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the
-network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
-You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware.
-
-**root=**__???__ **rd.iscsi.initiator=**__<initiator>__ **rd.iscsi.target.name=**__<target name>__ **rd.iscsi.target.ip=**__<target ip>__ **rd.iscsi.target.port=**__<target port>__ **rd.iscsi.target.group=**__<target group>__ **rd.iscsi.username=**__<username>__ **rd.iscsi.password=**__<password>__ **rd.iscsi.in.username=**__<in username>__ **rd.iscsi.in.password=**__<in password>__::
- manually specify all iscsistart parameter (see **+iscsistart --help+**)
-+
-WARNING: Passwords specified on the kernel command line are visible for all
-users via the file _/proc/cmdline_ and via dmesg or can be sniffed on the
-network, when using DHCP with DHCP root-path.
-You may want to use rd.iscsi.firmware.
-
-**root=**_???_ **netroot=**iscsi **rd.iscsi.firmware=1**::
- will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware
-
-**rd.iscsi.param=**__<param>__::
- <param> will be passed as "--param <param>" to iscsistart.
- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-"netroot=iscsi rd.iscsi.firmware=1 rd.iscsi.param=node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30"
---
-+
-will result in
-+
-[listing]
---
-iscsistart -b --param node.session.timeo.replacement_timeout=30
---
-
-**rd.iscsi.ibft** **rd.iscsi.ibft=1**:
- Turn on iBFT autoconfiguration for the interfaces
-
-**rd.iscsi.waitnet=0**:
- Turn off waiting for all interfaces to be up before trying to login to the iSCSI targets.
-
-**rd.iscsi.testroute=0**:
- Turn off checking, if the route to the iSCSI target IP is possible before trying to login.
-
-FCoE
-~~~~
-**fcoe=**__<edd|interface|MAC>__:__{dcb|nodcb}__:__{fabric|vn2vn}__::
- Try to connect to a FCoE SAN through the NIC specified by _<interface>_ or
- _<MAC>_ or EDD settings. The second argument specifies if DCB
- should be used. The optional third argument specifies whether
- fabric or VN2VN mode should be used.
- This parameter can be specified multiple times.
-+
-NOTE: letters in the MAC-address must be lowercase!
-
-NBD
-~~~
-**root=**??? **netroot=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port/exportname>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]::
- mount nbd share from <server>.
-+
-NOTE:
- If "exportname" instead of "port" is given the standard port is used.
- Newer versions of nbd are only supported with "exportname".
-
-**root=dhcp** with **dhcp** **root-path=**nbd:__<server>__:__<port/exportname>__[:__<fstype>__[:__<mountopts>__[:__<nbdopts>__]]]::
- root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD
- options can be specified. This syntax is only usable in cases where you are
- directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.
-+
-NOTE:
- If "exportname" instead of "port" is given the standard port is used.
- Newer versions of nbd are only supported with "exportname".
-
-DASD
-~~~~
-**rd.dasd=**....::
- same syntax as the kernel module parameter (s390 only)
-
-ZFCP
-~~~~
-**rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__,__<WWPN>__,__<FCPLUN>__::
- rd.zfcp can be specified multiple times on the kernel command
- line.
-
-**rd.zfcp=**__<zfcp adaptor device bus ID>__::
- If NPIV is enabled and the 'allow_lun_scan' parameter to the zfcp
- module is set to 'Y' then the zfcp adaptor will be initiating a
- scan internally and the <WWPN> and <FCPLUN> parameters can be omitted.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.zfcp=0.0.4000,0x5005076300C213e9,0x5022000000000000
-rd.zfcp=0.0.4000
---
-
-**rd.zfcp.conf=0**::
- ignore zfcp.conf included in the initramfs
-
-ZNET
-~~~~
-**rd.znet=**__<nettype>__,__<subchannels>__,__<options>__::
- The whole parameter is appended to /etc/ccw.conf, which is used on
- RHEL/Fedora with ccw_init, which is called from udev for certain
- devices on z-series.
- rd.znet can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.znet=qeth,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,0.0.0602,layer2=1,portname=foo
-rd.znet=ctc,0.0.0600,0.0.0601,protocol=bar
---
-
-Booting live images
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Dracut offers multiple options for live booted images:
-
-=====================
-SquashFS with read-only filesystem image::: The system will boot with a read
-only filesystem from the SquashFS and apply a writable device-mapper snapshot
-over the read only filesystem. Using this method ensures a relatively fast
-boot and lower RAM usage. Users **must be careful** to avoid writing too many
-blocks to the snapshot volume. Once the blocks of the snapshot overlay are
-exhausted, the root filesystem becomes read only and may cause application
-failures. The overlay file is marked 'Overflow', and a difficult recovery is
-required to repair and enlarge the overlay offline. Non-persistent overlays
-are sparse files in RAM that only consume content space as required blocks are
-allocated. They default to an apparent size of 32 GiB in RAM. The size can be
-adjusted with the **rd.live.overlay.size=** kernel command line option.
-+
-The filesystem structure is expected to be:
-+
-[listing]
---
-squashfs.img | Squashfs from LiveCD .iso downloaded via network
- !(mount)
- /LiveOS
- |- rootfs.img | Filesystem image to mount read-only
- !(mount)
- /bin | Live filesystem
- /boot |
- /dev |
- ... |
---
-+
-Dracut uses this method of live booting by default. No additional command line
-options are required other than **root=live:<URL>** to specify the location
-of your squashed filesystem.
-+
-- The compressed SquashFS image can be copied during boot to RAM at
-`/run/initramfs/squashed.img` by using the **rd.live.ram=1** option.
-- A device with a persistent overlay can be booted read only by using the
-**rd.live.overlay.readonly** option on the kernel command line. This will
-cause a temporary, writable overlay to be stacked over a read-only snapshot
-of the root filesystem.
-+
-Uncompressed live filesystem image:::
-When the live system was installed with the '--skipcompress' option of the
-__livecd-iso-to-disk__ installation script for Live USB devices, the root
-filesystem image, `rootfs.img`, is expanded on installation and no SquashFS
-is involved during boot.
-+
-- If **rd.live.ram=1** is used in this situation, the full, uncompressed
-root filesystem is copied during boot to `/run/initramfs/rootfs.img` in the
-`/run` tmpfs.
-+
-- If **rd.live.overlay=none** is provided as a kernel command line option,
-a writable, linear device-mapper target is created on boot with no overlay.
-
-writable filesystem image:::
-The system will retrieve a compressed filesystem image, extract it to
-`/run/initramfs/fsimg/rootfs.img`, connect it to a loop device, create a
-writable, linear device-mapper target at `/dev/mapper/live-rw`, and mount that
-as a writable volume at `/`. More RAM is required during boot but the live
-filesystem is easier to manage if it becomes full. Users can make a filesystem
-image of any size and that size will be maintained when the system boots. There
-is no persistence of root filesystem changes between boots with this option.
-+
-The filesystem structure is expected to be:
-+
-[listing]
---
-rootfs.tgz | Compressed tarball containing fileystem image
- !(unpack)
- /rootfs.img | Filesystem image at /run/initramfs/fsimg/
- !(mount)
- /bin | Live filesystem
- /boot |
- /dev |
- ... |
---
-+
-To use this boot option, ensure that **rd.writable.fsimg=1** is in your kernel
-command line and add the **root=live:<URL>** to specify the location
-of your compressed filesystem image tarball or SquashFS image.
-=====================
-
-**rd.writable.fsimg=**1::
-Enables writable filesystem support. The system will boot with a fully
-writable (but non-persistent) filesystem without snapshots __(see notes above
-about available live boot options)__. You can use the **rootflags** option to
-set mount options for the live filesystem as well __(see documentation about
-rootflags in the **Standard** section above)__.
-This implies that the whole image is copied to RAM before the boot continues.
-+
-NOTE: There must be enough free RAM available to hold the complete image.
-+
-This method is very suitable for diskless boots.
-
-**root=**live:__<url>__::
-Boots a live image retrieved from __<url>__. Valid handlers: __http, https, ftp, torrent, tftp__.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-root=live:http://example.com/liveboot.img
-root=live:ftp://ftp.example.com/liveboot.img
-root=live:torrent://example.com/liveboot.img.torrent
---
-
-**rd.live.debug=**1::
-Enables debug output from the live boot process.
-
-**rd.live.dir=**__<path>__::
-Specifies the directory within the boot device where the squashfs.img or
-rootfs.img can be found. By default, this is __LiveOS__.
-
-**rd.live.squashimg=**__<filename of SquashFS image>__::
-Specifies the filename for a SquashFS image of the root filesystem.
-By default, this is __squashfs.img__.
-
-**rd.live.ram=**1::
-Copy the complete image to RAM and use this for booting. This is useful
-when the image resides on, i.e., a DVD which needs to be ejected later on.
-
-**rd.live.overlay=**__<devspec>__:__(<pathspec>|auto)__|__none__::
-Allow the usage of a permanent overlay.
-- _<devspec>_ specifies the path to a device with a mountable filesystem.
-- _<pathspec>_ is the path to a file within that filesystem, which shall be
-used to persist the changes made to the device specified by the
-**root=live:__<url>__** option.
-- _none_ specifies no overlay when an uncompressed live root filesystem is
-available.
-If a persistent overlay is detected at the standard LiveOS path, the overlay &
-overlay type detected (whether Device-mapper or OverlayFS) will be used.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.live.overlay=/dev/sdb1:persistent-overlay.img
---
-
-**rd.live.overlay.size=**__<size_MiB>__::
-Specifies a non-persistent overlay size in MiB. The default is _32768_.
-
-**rd.live.overlay.readonly=**1::
-Specifies a non-persistent, writable snapshot overlay to be stacked over a
-read-only snapshot of the root filesystem, `/dev/mapper/live-ro`, or a read-
-only loop device of a writable `rootfs.img`.
-
-**rd.live.overlay.reset=**1::
-Specifies that a persistent overlay should be reset on boot. All root
-filesystem changes are vacated by this action.
-
-**rd.live.overlay.thin=**1::
-Enables the usage of thin snapshots instead of classic dm snapshots.
-The advantage of thin snapshots is that they support discards, and will free
-blocks that are not claimed by the filesystem. In this use case, this means
-that memory is given back to the kernel when the filesystem does not claim it
-anymore.
-
-**rd.live.overlay.overlayfs=**1::
-Enables the use of the **OverlayFS** kernel module, if available, to provide a
-copy-on-write union directory for the root filesystem. OverlayFS overlays are
-directories of the files that have changed on the read-only base (lower)
-filesystem. The root filesystem is provided through a special overlay type
-mount that merges the lower and upper directories. If an OverlayFS upper
-directory is not present on the boot device, a tmpfs directory will be created
-at /run/overlayfs to provide temporary storage. Persistent storage can be
-provided on vfat or msdos formatted devices by supplying the OverlayFS upper
-directory within an embedded filesystem that supports the creation of trusted.*
-extended attributes and provides a valid d_type in readdir responses, such as
-with ext4 and xfs. On non-vfat-formatted devices, a persistent OverlayFS
-overlay can extend the available root filesystem storage up to the capacity of
-the LiveOS device.
-
-If a persistent overlay is detected at the standard LiveOS path, the overlay &
-overlay type detected (whether OverlayFS or Device-mapper) will be used.
-
-The **rd.live.overlay.readonly** option, which allows a persistent overlayfs to
-be mounted read only through a higher level transient overlay directory, has
-been implemented through the multiple lower layers feature of OverlayFS.
-
-
-ZIPL
-~~~~
-**rd.zipl=**__<path to blockdevice>__::
- Update the dracut commandline with the values found in the
- _dracut-cmdline.conf_ file on the given device.
- The values are merged into the existing commandline values
- and the udev events are regenerated.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.zipl=UUID=0fb28157-99e3-4395-adef-da3f7d44835a
---
-
-CIO_IGNORE
-~~~~~~~~~~
-**rd.cio_accept=**__<device-ids>__::
- Remove the devices listed in <device-ids> from the default
- cio_ignore kernel command-line settings.
- <device-ids> is a list of comma-separated CCW device ids.
- The default for this value is taken from the
- _/boot/zipl/active_devices.txt_ file.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-rd.cio_accept=0.0.0180,0.0.0800,0.0.0801,0.0.0802
---
-
-Plymouth Boot Splash
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-**plymouth.enable=0**::
- disable the plymouth bootsplash completely.
-
-**rd.plymouth=0**::
- disable the plymouth bootsplash only for the initramfs.
-
-Kernel keys
-~~~~~~~~~~~
-**masterkey=**__<kernel master key path name>__::
- Set the path name of the kernel master key.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-masterkey=/etc/keys/kmk-trusted.blob
---
-
-**masterkeytype=**__<kernel master key type>__::
- Set the type of the kernel master key.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-masterkeytype=trusted
---
-
-**evmkey=**__<EVM key path name>__::
- Set the path name of the EVM key.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-evmkey=/etc/keys/evm-trusted.blob
---
-
-**ecryptfskey=**__<eCryptfs key path name>__::
- Set the path name of the eCryptfs key.
-+
-[listing]
-.Example
---
-ecryptfskey=/etc/keys/ecryptfs-trusted.blob
---
-
-Deprecated, renamed Options
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Here is a list of options, which were used in dracut prior to version 008, and
-their new replacement.
-
-rdbreak:: rd.break
-
-rd.ccw:: rd.znet
-rd_CCW:: rd.znet
-
-rd_DASD_MOD:: rd.dasd
-
-rd_DASD:: rd.dasd
-
-rdinitdebug rdnetdebug:: rd.debug
-
-rd_NO_DM:: rd.dm=0
-
-rd_DM_UUID:: rd.dm.uuid
-
-rdblacklist:: rd.driver.blacklist
-
-rdinsmodpost:: rd.driver.post
-
-rdloaddriver:: rd.driver.pre
-
-rd_NO_FSTAB:: rd.fstab=0
-
-rdinfo:: rd.info
-
-check:: rd.live.check
-
-rdlivedebug:: rd.live.debug
-
-live_dir:: rd.live.dir
-
-liveimg:: rd.live.image
-
-overlay:: rd.live.overlay
-
-readonly_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.readonly
-
-reset_overlay:: rd.live.overlay.reset
-
-live_ram:: rd.live.ram
-
-rd_NO_CRYPTTAB:: rd.luks.crypttab=0
-
-rd_LUKS_KEYDEV_UUID:: rd.luks.keydev.uuid
-
-rd_LUKS_KEYPATH:: rd.luks.keypath
-
-rd_NO_LUKS:: rd.luks=0
-
-rd_LUKS_UUID:: rd.luks.uuid
-
-rd_NO_LVMCONF:: rd.lvm.conf
-
-rd_LVM_LV:: rd.lvm.lv
-
-rd_NO_LVM:: rd.lvm=0
-
-rd_LVM_SNAPSHOT:: rd.lvm.snapshot
-
-rd_LVM_SNAPSIZE:: rd.lvm.snapsize
-
-rd_LVM_VG:: rd.lvm.vg
-
-rd_NO_MDADMCONF:: rd.md.conf=0
-
-rd_NO_MDIMSM:: rd.md.imsm=0
-
-rd_NO_MD:: rd.md=0
-
-rd_MD_UUID:: rd.md.uuid
-
-rd_NO_MULTIPATH: rd.multipath=0
-
-rd_NFS_DOMAIN:: rd.nfs.domain
-
-iscsi_initiator:: rd.iscsi.initiator
-
-iscsi_target_name:: rd.iscsi.target.name
-
-iscsi_target_ip:: rd.iscsi.target.ip
-
-iscsi_target_port:: rd.iscsi.target.port
-
-iscsi_target_group:: rd.iscsi.target.group
-
-iscsi_username:: rd.iscsi.username
-
-iscsi_password:: rd.iscsi.password
-
-iscsi_in_username:: rd.iscsi.in.username
-
-iscsi_in_password:: rd.iscsi.in.password
-
-iscsi_firmware:: rd.iscsi.firmware=0
-
-rd_NO_PLYMOUTH:: rd.plymouth=0
-
-rd_retry:: rd.retry
-
-rdshell:: rd.shell
-
-rd_NO_SPLASH:: rd.splash
-
-rdudevdebug:: rd.udev.debug
-
-rdudevinfo:: rd.udev.info
-
-rd_NO_ZFCPCONF:: rd.zfcp.conf=0
-
-rd_ZFCP:: rd.zfcp
-
-rd_ZNET:: rd.znet
-
-KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap
-
-KEYTABLE:: vconsole.keymap
-
-SYSFONT:: vconsole.font
-
-CONTRANS:: vconsole.font.map
-
-UNIMAP:: vconsole.font.unimap
-
-UNICODE:: vconsole.unicode
-
-EXT_KEYMAP:: vconsole.keymap.ext
-
-Configuration in the Initramfs
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-_/etc/conf.d/_::
- Any files found in _/etc/conf.d/_ will be sourced in the initramfs to
- set initial values. Command line options will override these values
- set in the configuration files.
-
-_/etc/cmdline_::
- Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use
- /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf.
-
-_/etc/cmdline.d/*.conf_::
- Can contain additional command line options.
-
-AUTHOR
-------
-Harald Hoyer
-
-SEE ALSO
---------
-*dracut*(8) *dracut.conf*(5)
projects / thirdparty / dracut.git / blobdiff