Warn for reads from write-only arguments [PR101734].

[thirdparty/gcc.git] / gcc / tree-ssa-uninit.c

/* Predicate aware uninitialized variable warning.
   Copyright (C) 2001-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Xinliang David Li <davidxl@google.com>

This file is part of GCC.

GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.

GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

#define INCLUDE_STRING
#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "coretypes.h"
#include "backend.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "gimple.h"
#include "tree-pass.h"
#include "ssa.h"
#include "gimple-pretty-print.h"
#include "diagnostic-core.h"
#include "fold-const.h"
#include "gimple-iterator.h"
#include "tree-ssa.h"
#include "tree-cfg.h"
#include "cfghooks.h"
#include "attribs.h"
#include "builtins.h"
#include "calls.h"
#include "gimple-range.h"

/* This implements the pass that does predicate aware warning on uses of
   possibly uninitialized variables.  The pass first collects the set of
   possibly uninitialized SSA names.  For each such name, it walks through
   all its immediate uses.  For each immediate use, it rebuilds the condition
   expression (the predicate) that guards the use.  The predicate is then
   examined to see if the variable is always defined under that same condition.
   This is done either by pruning the unrealizable paths that lead to the
   default definitions or by checking if the predicate set that guards the
   defining paths is a superset of the use predicate.  */

/* Max PHI args we can handle in pass.  */
const unsigned max_phi_args = 32;

/* Pointer set of potentially undefined ssa names, i.e.,
   ssa names that are defined by phi with operands that
   are not defined or potentially undefined.  */
static hash_set<tree> *possibly_undefined_names = 0;

/* Bit mask handling macros.  */
#define MASK_SET_BIT(mask, pos) mask |= (1 << pos)
#define MASK_TEST_BIT(mask, pos) (mask & (1 << pos))
#define MASK_EMPTY(mask) (mask == 0)

/* Returns the first bit position (starting from LSB)
   in mask that is non zero.  Returns -1 if the mask is empty.  */
static int
get_mask_first_set_bit (unsigned mask)
{
  int pos = 0;
  if (mask == 0)
    return -1;

  while ((mask & (1 << pos)) == 0)
    pos++;

  return pos;
}
#define MASK_FIRST_SET_BIT(mask) get_mask_first_set_bit (mask)

/* Return true if T, an SSA_NAME, has an undefined value.  */
static bool
has_undefined_value_p (tree t)
{
  return (ssa_undefined_value_p (t)
	  || (possibly_undefined_names
	      && possibly_undefined_names->contains (t)));
}

/* Return true if EXPR should suppress either uninitialized warning.  */

static inline bool
get_no_uninit_warning (tree expr)
{
  return warning_suppressed_p (expr, OPT_Wuninitialized);
}

/* Suppress both uninitialized warnings for EXPR.  */

static inline void
set_no_uninit_warning (tree expr)
{
  suppress_warning (expr, OPT_Wuninitialized);
}

/* Like has_undefined_value_p, but don't return true if the no-warning
   bit is set on SSA_NAME_VAR for either uninit warning.  */

static inline bool
uninit_undefined_value_p (tree t)
{
  if (!has_undefined_value_p (t))
    return false;
  if (!SSA_NAME_VAR (t))
    return true;
  return !get_no_uninit_warning (SSA_NAME_VAR (t));
}

/* Emit warnings for uninitialized variables.  This is done in two passes.

   The first pass notices real uses of SSA names with undefined values.
   Such uses are unconditionally uninitialized, and we can be certain that
   such a use is a mistake.  This pass is run before most optimizations,
   so that we catch as many as we can.

   The second pass follows PHI nodes to find uses that are potentially
   uninitialized.  In this case we can't necessarily prove that the use
   is really uninitialized.  This pass is run after most optimizations,
   so that we thread as many jumps and possible, and delete as much dead
   code as possible, in order to reduce false positives.  We also look
   again for plain uninitialized variables, since optimization may have
   changed conditionally uninitialized to unconditionally uninitialized.  */

/* Emit a warning for EXPR based on variable VAR at the point in the
   program T, an SSA_NAME, is used being uninitialized.  The exact
   warning text is in MSGID and DATA is the gimple stmt with info about
   the location in source code.  When DATA is a GIMPLE_PHI, PHIARG_IDX
   gives which argument of the phi node to take the location from.  WC
   is the warning code.  */

static void
warn_uninit (enum opt_code wc, tree t, tree expr, tree var,
	     const char *gmsgid, void *data, location_t phiarg_loc)
{
  gimple *context = (gimple *) data;
  location_t location, cfun_loc;
  expanded_location xloc, floc;

  /* Ignore COMPLEX_EXPR as initializing only a part of a complex
     turns in a COMPLEX_EXPR with the not initialized part being
     set to its previous (undefined) value.  */
  if (is_gimple_assign (context)
      && gimple_assign_rhs_code (context) == COMPLEX_EXPR)
    return;
  if (!has_undefined_value_p (t))
    return;

  /* Anonymous SSA_NAMEs shouldn't be uninitialized, but ssa_undefined_value_p
     can return true if the def stmt of anonymous SSA_NAME is COMPLEX_EXPR
     created for conversion from scalar to complex.  Use the underlying var of
     the COMPLEX_EXPRs real part in that case.  See PR71581.  */
  if (expr == NULL_TREE
      && var == NULL_TREE
      && SSA_NAME_VAR (t) == NULL_TREE
      && is_gimple_assign (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (t))
      && gimple_assign_rhs_code (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (t)) == COMPLEX_EXPR)
    {
      tree v = gimple_assign_rhs1 (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (t));
      if (TREE_CODE (v) == SSA_NAME
	  && has_undefined_value_p (v)
	  && zerop (gimple_assign_rhs2 (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (t))))
	{
	  expr = SSA_NAME_VAR (v);
	  var = expr;
	}
    }

  if (expr == NULL_TREE)
    return;

  /* TREE_NO_WARNING either means we already warned, or the front end
     wishes to suppress the warning.  */
  if ((context
       && (warning_suppressed_p (context, OPT_Wuninitialized)
	   || (gimple_assign_single_p (context)
	       && get_no_uninit_warning (gimple_assign_rhs1 (context)))))
      || get_no_uninit_warning (expr))
    return;

  if (context != NULL && gimple_has_location (context))
    location = gimple_location (context);
  else if (phiarg_loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
    location = phiarg_loc;
  else
    location = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (var);
  location = linemap_resolve_location (line_table, location,
				       LRK_SPELLING_LOCATION, NULL);
  cfun_loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (cfun->decl);
  xloc = expand_location (location);
  floc = expand_location (cfun_loc);
  auto_diagnostic_group d;
  if (warning_at (location, wc, gmsgid, expr))
    {
      suppress_warning (expr, wc);

      if (location == DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (var))
	return;
      if (xloc.file != floc.file
	  || linemap_location_before_p (line_table, location, cfun_loc)
	  || linemap_location_before_p (line_table, cfun->function_end_locus,
					location))
	inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (var), "%qD was declared here", var);
    }
}

struct check_defs_data
{
  /* If we found any may-defs besides must-def clobbers.  */
  bool found_may_defs;
};

/* Return true if STMT is a call to built-in function all of whose
   by-reference arguments are const-qualified (i.e., the function can
   be assumed not to modify them).  */

static bool
builtin_call_nomodifying_p (gimple *stmt)
{
  if (!gimple_call_builtin_p (stmt, BUILT_IN_NORMAL))
    return false;

  tree fndecl = gimple_call_fndecl (stmt);
  if (!fndecl)
    return false;

  tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (fndecl);
  if (!fntype)
    return false;

  /* Check the called function's signature for non-constc pointers.
     If one is found, return false.  */
  unsigned argno = 0;
  tree argtype;
  function_args_iterator it;
  FOREACH_FUNCTION_ARGS (fntype, argtype, it)
    {
      if (VOID_TYPE_P (argtype))
	return true;

      ++argno;

      if (!POINTER_TYPE_P (argtype))
	continue;

      if (TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (argtype)))
	continue;

      return false;
    }

  /* If the number of actual arguments to the call is less than or
     equal to the number of parameters, return false.  */
  unsigned nargs = gimple_call_num_args (stmt);
  if (nargs <= argno)
    return false;

  /* Check arguments passed through the ellipsis in calls to variadic
     functions for pointers.  If one is found that's a non-constant
     pointer, return false.  */
  for (; argno < nargs; ++argno)
    {
      tree arg = gimple_call_arg (stmt, argno);
      argtype = TREE_TYPE (arg);
      if (!POINTER_TYPE_P (argtype))
	continue;

      if (TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (argtype)))
	continue;

      return false;
    }

  return true;
}

/* If ARG is a FNDECL parameter declared with attribute access none or
   write_only issue a warning for its read access via PTR.  */

static void
maybe_warn_read_write_only (tree fndecl, gimple *stmt, tree arg, tree ptr)
{
  if (!fndecl)
    return;

  if (get_no_uninit_warning (arg))
    return;

  tree fntype = TREE_TYPE (fndecl);
  if (!fntype)
    return;

  /* Initialize a map of attribute access specifications for arguments
     to the function function call.  */
  rdwr_map rdwr_idx;
  init_attr_rdwr_indices (&rdwr_idx, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (fntype));

  unsigned argno = 0;
  tree parms = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl);
  for (tree parm = parms; parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm), ++argno)
    {
      if (parm != arg)
	continue;

      const attr_access* access = rdwr_idx.get (argno);
      if (!access)
	break;

      if (access->mode != access_none
	  && access->mode != access_write_only)
	continue;

      location_t stmtloc
	= linemap_resolve_location (line_table, gimple_location (stmt),
				    LRK_SPELLING_LOCATION, NULL);

      if (!warning_at (stmtloc, OPT_Wmaybe_uninitialized,
		       "%qE may be used uninitialized", ptr))
	break;

      suppress_warning (arg, OPT_Wmaybe_uninitialized);

      const char* const access_str =
	TREE_STRING_POINTER (access->to_external_string ());

      location_t parmloc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm);
      inform (parmloc, "accessing argument %u of a function declared with "
	      "attribute %<%s%>",
	      argno + 1, access_str);

      break;
    }
}

/* Callback for walk_aliased_vdefs.  */

static bool
check_defs (ao_ref *ref, tree vdef, void *data_)
{
  check_defs_data *data = (check_defs_data *)data_;
  gimple *def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (vdef);

  /* The ASAN_MARK intrinsic doesn't modify the variable.  */
  if (is_gimple_call (def_stmt))
    {
      if (gimple_call_internal_p (def_stmt)
	  && gimple_call_internal_fn (def_stmt) == IFN_ASAN_MARK)
       return false;

      if (tree fndecl = gimple_call_fndecl (def_stmt))
       {
	 /* Some sanitizer calls pass integer arguments to built-ins
	    that expect pointers.  Avoid using gimple_call_builtin_p()
	    which fails for such calls.  */
	 if (DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (fndecl) == BUILT_IN_NORMAL)
	   {
	     built_in_function fncode = DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (fndecl);
	     if (fncode > BEGIN_SANITIZER_BUILTINS
		 && fncode < END_SANITIZER_BUILTINS)
	       return false;
	   }
       }
    }

  /* End of VLA scope is not a kill.  */
  if (gimple_call_builtin_p (def_stmt, BUILT_IN_STACK_RESTORE))
    return false;

  /* If this is a clobber then if it is not a kill walk past it.  */
  if (gimple_clobber_p (def_stmt))
    {
      if (stmt_kills_ref_p (def_stmt, ref))
	return true;
      return false;
    }

  if (builtin_call_nomodifying_p (def_stmt))
    return false;

  /* Found a may-def on this path.  */
  data->found_may_defs = true;
  return true;
}

/* Counters and limits controlling the the depth of analysis and
   strictness of the warning.  */
struct wlimits
{
  /* Number of VDEFs encountered.  */
  unsigned int vdef_cnt;
  /* Number of statements examined by walk_aliased_vdefs.  */
  unsigned int oracle_cnt;
  /* Limit on the number of statements visited by walk_aliased_vdefs.  */
  unsigned limit;
  /* Set when basic block with statement is executed unconditionally.  */
  bool always_executed;
  /* Set to issue -Wmaybe-uninitialized.  */
  bool wmaybe_uninit;
};

/* Determine if REF references an uninitialized operand and diagnose
   it if so.  STMS is the referencing statement.  LHS is the result
   of the access and may be null.  RHS is the variable referenced by
   the access; it may not be null.  */

static tree
maybe_warn_operand (ao_ref &ref, gimple *stmt, tree lhs, tree rhs,
		    wlimits &wlims)
{
  bool has_bit_insert = false;
  use_operand_p luse_p;
  imm_use_iterator liter;

  if (get_no_uninit_warning (rhs))
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Do not warn if the base was marked so or this is a
     hard register var.  */
  tree base = ao_ref_base (&ref);
  if ((VAR_P (base)
       && DECL_HARD_REGISTER (base))
      || get_no_uninit_warning (base))
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Do not warn if the access is zero size or if it's fully outside
     the object.  */
  poly_int64 decl_size;
  if (known_size_p (ref.size)
      && known_eq (ref.max_size, ref.size)
      && (known_eq (ref.size, 0)
	  || known_le (ref.offset + ref.size, 0)))
    return NULL_TREE;

  if (DECL_P (base)
      && known_ge (ref.offset, 0)
      && DECL_SIZE (base)
      && poly_int_tree_p (DECL_SIZE (base), &decl_size)
      && known_le (decl_size, ref.offset))
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Do not warn if the result of the access is then used for
     a BIT_INSERT_EXPR. */
  if (lhs && TREE_CODE (lhs) == SSA_NAME)
    FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_FAST (luse_p, liter, lhs)
      {
	gimple *use_stmt = USE_STMT (luse_p);
	/* BIT_INSERT_EXPR first operand should not be considered
	   a use for the purpose of uninit warnings.  */
	if (gassign *ass = dyn_cast <gassign *> (use_stmt))
	  {
	    if (gimple_assign_rhs_code (ass) == BIT_INSERT_EXPR
		&& luse_p->use == gimple_assign_rhs1_ptr (ass))
	      {
		has_bit_insert = true;
		break;
	      }
	  }
      }

  if (has_bit_insert)
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Limit the walking to a constant number of stmts after
     we overcommit quadratic behavior for small functions
     and O(n) behavior.  */
  if (wlims.oracle_cnt > 128 * 128
      && wlims.oracle_cnt > wlims.vdef_cnt * 2)
    wlims.limit = 32;

  check_defs_data data;
  bool fentry_reached = false;
  data.found_may_defs = false;
  tree use = gimple_vuse (stmt);
  if (!use)
    return NULL_TREE;
  int res = walk_aliased_vdefs (&ref, use,
				check_defs, &data, NULL,
				&fentry_reached, wlims.limit);
  if (res == -1)
    {
      wlims.oracle_cnt += wlims.limit;
      return NULL_TREE;
    }

  wlims.oracle_cnt += res;
  if (data.found_may_defs)
    return NULL_TREE;

  bool found_alloc = false;

  if (fentry_reached)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (base) == MEM_REF)
	base = TREE_OPERAND (base, 0);

      /* Follow the chain of SSA_NAME assignments looking for an alloca
	 call (or VLA) or malloc/realloc, or for decls.  If any is found
	 (and in the latter case, the operand is a local variable) issue
	 a warning.  */
      while (TREE_CODE (base) == SSA_NAME)
	{
	  gimple *def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (base);

	  if (is_gimple_call (def_stmt)
	      && gimple_call_builtin_p (def_stmt))
	    {
	      /* Detect uses of uninitialized alloca/VLAs.  */
	      tree fndecl = gimple_call_fndecl (def_stmt);
	      const built_in_function fncode = DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (fndecl);
	      if (fncode == BUILT_IN_ALLOCA
		  || fncode  == BUILT_IN_ALLOCA_WITH_ALIGN
		  || fncode  == BUILT_IN_MALLOC)
		found_alloc = true;
	      break;
	    }

	  if (!is_gimple_assign (def_stmt))
	    break;

	  tree_code code = gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt);
	  if (code != ADDR_EXPR && code != POINTER_PLUS_EXPR)
	    break;

	  base = gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt);
	  if (TREE_CODE (base) == ADDR_EXPR)
	    base = TREE_OPERAND (base, 0);

	  if (DECL_P (base)
	      || TREE_CODE (base) == COMPONENT_REF)
	    rhs = base;

	  if (TREE_CODE (base) == MEM_REF)
	    base = TREE_OPERAND (base, 0);

	  if (tree ba = get_base_address (base))
	    base = ba;
	}

      /* Replace the RHS expression with BASE so that it
	 refers to it in the diagnostic (instead of to
	 '<unknown>').  */
      if (DECL_P (base)
	  && EXPR_P (rhs)
	  && TREE_CODE (rhs) != COMPONENT_REF)
	rhs = base;
    }

  /* Do not warn if it can be initialized outside this function.
     If we did not reach function entry then we found killing
     clobbers on all paths to entry.  */
  if (!found_alloc && fentry_reached)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (base) == SSA_NAME)
	{
	  tree var = SSA_NAME_VAR (base);
	  if (var && TREE_CODE (var) == PARM_DECL)
	    {
	      maybe_warn_read_write_only (cfun->decl, stmt, var, rhs);
	      return NULL_TREE;
	    }
	}

      if (!VAR_P (base)
	  || is_global_var (base))
	/* ???  We'd like to use ref_may_alias_global_p but that
	   excludes global readonly memory and thus we get bogus
	   warnings from p = cond ? "a" : "b" for example.  */
	return NULL_TREE;
    }

  /* Strip the address-of expression from arrays passed to functions. */
  if (TREE_CODE (rhs) == ADDR_EXPR)
    rhs = TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 0);

  /* Check again since RHS may have changed above.  */
  if (get_no_uninit_warning (rhs))
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Avoid warning about empty types such as structs with no members.
     The first_field() test is important for C++ where the predicate
     alone isn't always sufficient.  */
  tree rhstype = TREE_TYPE (rhs);
  if (POINTER_TYPE_P (rhstype))
    rhstype = TREE_TYPE (rhstype);
  if (is_empty_type (rhstype))
    return NULL_TREE;

  bool warned = false;
  /* We didn't find any may-defs so on all paths either
     reached function entry or a killing clobber.  */
  location_t location
    = linemap_resolve_location (line_table, gimple_location (stmt),
				LRK_SPELLING_LOCATION, NULL);
  if (wlims.always_executed)
    {
      if (warning_at (location, OPT_Wuninitialized,
		      "%qE is used uninitialized", rhs))
	{
	  /* ???  This is only effective for decls as in
	     gcc.dg/uninit-B-O0.c.  Avoid doing this for maybe-uninit
	     uses or accesses by functions as it may hide important
	     locations.  */
	  if (lhs)
	    set_no_uninit_warning (rhs);
	  warned = true;
	}
    }
  else if (wlims.wmaybe_uninit)
    warned = warning_at (location, OPT_Wmaybe_uninitialized,
			 "%qE may be used uninitialized", rhs);

  return warned ? base : NULL_TREE;
}


/* Diagnose passing addresses of uninitialized objects to either const
   pointer arguments to functions, or to functions declared with attribute
   access implying read access to those objects.  */

static void
maybe_warn_pass_by_reference (gcall *stmt, wlimits &wlims)
{
  if (!wlims.wmaybe_uninit)
    return;

  unsigned nargs = gimple_call_num_args (stmt);
  if (!nargs)
    return;

  tree fndecl = gimple_call_fndecl (stmt);
  tree fntype = gimple_call_fntype (stmt);
  if (!fntype)
    return;

  /* Const function do not read their arguments.  */
  if (gimple_call_flags (stmt) & ECF_CONST)
    return;

  const built_in_function fncode
    = (fndecl && gimple_call_builtin_p (stmt, BUILT_IN_NORMAL)
       ? DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (fndecl) : (built_in_function)BUILT_IN_LAST);

  if (fncode == BUILT_IN_MEMCPY || fncode == BUILT_IN_MEMMOVE)
    /* Avoid diagnosing calls to raw memory functions (this is overly
       permissive; consider tightening it up).  */
    return;

  /* Save the current warning setting and replace it either a "maybe"
     when passing addresses of uninitialized variables to const-qualified
     pointers or arguments declared with attribute read_write, or with
     a "certain" when passing them to arguments declared with attribute
     read_only.  */
  const bool save_always_executed = wlims.always_executed;

  /* Initialize a map of attribute access specifications for arguments
     to the function function call.  */
  rdwr_map rdwr_idx;
  init_attr_rdwr_indices (&rdwr_idx, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (fntype));

  tree argtype;
  unsigned argno = 0;
  function_args_iterator it;

  FOREACH_FUNCTION_ARGS (fntype, argtype, it)
    {
      ++argno;

      if (!POINTER_TYPE_P (argtype))
	continue;

      tree access_size = NULL_TREE;
      const attr_access* access = rdwr_idx.get (argno - 1);
      if (access)
	{
	  if (access->mode == access_none
	      || access->mode == access_write_only)
	    continue;

	  if (access->mode == access_deferred
	      && !TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (argtype)))
	    continue;

	  if (save_always_executed && access->mode == access_read_only)
	    /* Attribute read_only arguments imply read access.  */
	    wlims.always_executed = true;
	  else
	    /* Attribute read_write arguments are documented as requiring
	       initialized objects but it's expected that aggregates may
	       be only partially initialized regardless.  */
	    wlims.always_executed = false;

	  if (access->sizarg < nargs)
	    access_size = gimple_call_arg (stmt, access->sizarg);
	}
      else if (!TYPE_READONLY (TREE_TYPE (argtype)))
	continue;
      else if (save_always_executed && fncode != BUILT_IN_LAST)
	/* Const-qualified arguments to built-ins imply read access.  */
	wlims.always_executed = true;
      else
	/* Const-qualified arguments to ordinary functions imply a likely
	   (but not definitive) read access.  */
	wlims.always_executed = false;

      /* Ignore args we are not going to read from.  */
      if (gimple_call_arg_flags (stmt, argno - 1) & EAF_UNUSED)
	continue;

      tree arg = gimple_call_arg (stmt, argno - 1);
      if (!POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
	/* Avoid actual arguments with invalid types.  */
	continue;

      ao_ref ref;
      ao_ref_init_from_ptr_and_size (&ref, arg, access_size);
      tree argbase = maybe_warn_operand (ref, stmt, NULL_TREE, arg, wlims);
      if (!argbase)
	continue;

      if (access && access->mode != access_deferred)
	{
	  const char* const access_str =
	    TREE_STRING_POINTER (access->to_external_string ());

	  if (fndecl)
	    {
	      location_t loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl);
	      inform (loc, "in a call to %qD declared with "
		      "attribute %<%s%> here", fndecl, access_str);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Handle calls through function pointers.  */
	      location_t loc = gimple_location (stmt);
	      inform (loc, "in a call to %qT declared with "
		      "attribute %<%s%>", fntype, access_str);
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  /* For a declaration with no relevant attribute access create
	     a dummy object and use the formatting function to avoid
	     having to complicate things here.  */
	  attr_access ptr_access = { };
	  if (!access)
	    access = &ptr_access;
	  const std::string argtypestr = access->array_as_string (argtype);
	  if (fndecl)
	    {
	      location_t loc (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl));
	      inform (loc, "by argument %u of type %s to %qD "
		      "declared here",
		      argno, argtypestr.c_str (), fndecl);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Handle calls through function pointers.  */
	      location_t loc (gimple_location (stmt));
	      inform (loc, "by argument %u of type %s to %qT",
		      argno, argtypestr.c_str (), fntype);
	    }
	}

      if (DECL_P (argbase))
	{
	  location_t loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (argbase);
	  inform (loc, "%qD declared here", argbase);
	}
    }

  wlims.always_executed = save_always_executed;
}

/* Warn about an uninitialized PHI argument on the fallthru path to
   an always executed block BB.  */

static void
warn_uninit_phi_uses (basic_block bb)
{
  edge_iterator ei;
  edge e, found = NULL, found_back = NULL;
  /* Look for a fallthru and possibly a single backedge.  */
  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)
    {
      /* Ignore backedges.  */
      if (dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, e->src, bb))
	{
	  if (found_back)
	    {
	      found = NULL;
	      break;
	    }
	  found_back = e;
	  continue;
	}
      if (found)
	{
	  found = NULL;
	  break;
	}
      found = e;
    }
  if (!found)
    return;

  basic_block succ = single_succ (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun));
  for (gphi_iterator si = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (si);
       gsi_next (&si))
    {
      gphi *phi = si.phi ();
      tree def = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, found);
      if (TREE_CODE (def) != SSA_NAME
	  || !SSA_NAME_IS_DEFAULT_DEF (def)
	  || virtual_operand_p (def))
	continue;
      /* If there's a default def on the fallthru edge PHI
	 value and there's a use that post-dominates entry
	 then that use is uninitialized and we can warn.  */
      imm_use_iterator iter;
      use_operand_p use_p;
      gimple *use_stmt = NULL;
      FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_FAST (use_p, iter, gimple_phi_result (phi))
	{
	  use_stmt = USE_STMT (use_p);
	  if (gimple_location (use_stmt) != UNKNOWN_LOCATION
	      && dominated_by_p (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, succ,
				 gimple_bb (use_stmt))
	      /* If we found a non-fallthru edge make sure the
		 use is inside the loop, otherwise the backedge
		 can serve as initialization.  */
	      && (!found_back
		  || dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, found_back->src,
				     gimple_bb (use_stmt))))
	    break;
	  use_stmt = NULL;
	}
      if (use_stmt)
	warn_uninit (OPT_Wuninitialized, def, SSA_NAME_VAR (def),
		     SSA_NAME_VAR (def),
		     "%qD is used uninitialized", use_stmt,
		     UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
    }
}

static unsigned int
warn_uninitialized_vars (bool wmaybe_uninit)
{
  /* Counters and limits controlling the the depth of the warning.  */
  wlimits wlims = { };
  wlims.wmaybe_uninit = wmaybe_uninit;

  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
  basic_block bb;
  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
    {
      basic_block succ = single_succ (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun));
      wlims.always_executed = dominated_by_p (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, succ, bb);

      if (wlims.always_executed)
	warn_uninit_phi_uses (bb);

      for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
	{
	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
	  use_operand_p use_p;
	  ssa_op_iter op_iter;
	  tree use;

	  if (is_gimple_debug (stmt))
	    continue;

	  /* We only do data flow with SSA_NAMEs, so that's all we
	     can warn about.  */
	  FOR_EACH_SSA_USE_OPERAND (use_p, stmt, op_iter, SSA_OP_USE)
	    {
	      /* BIT_INSERT_EXPR first operand should not be considered
	         a use for the purpose of uninit warnings.  */
	      if (gassign *ass = dyn_cast <gassign *> (stmt))
		{
		  if (gimple_assign_rhs_code (ass) == BIT_INSERT_EXPR
		      && use_p->use == gimple_assign_rhs1_ptr (ass))
		    continue;
		}
	      use = USE_FROM_PTR (use_p);
	      if (wlims.always_executed)
		warn_uninit (OPT_Wuninitialized, use, SSA_NAME_VAR (use),
			     SSA_NAME_VAR (use),
			     "%qD is used uninitialized", stmt,
			     UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
	      else if (wmaybe_uninit)
		warn_uninit (OPT_Wmaybe_uninitialized, use, SSA_NAME_VAR (use),
			     SSA_NAME_VAR (use),
			     "%qD may be used uninitialized",
			     stmt, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
	    }

	  /* For limiting the alias walk below we count all
	     vdefs in the function.  */
	  if (gimple_vdef (stmt))
	    wlims.vdef_cnt++;

	  if (gcall *call = dyn_cast <gcall *> (stmt))
	    maybe_warn_pass_by_reference (call, wlims);
	  else if (gimple_assign_load_p (stmt)
		   && gimple_has_location (stmt))
	    {
	      tree rhs = gimple_assign_rhs1 (stmt);
	      tree lhs = gimple_assign_lhs (stmt);

	      ao_ref ref;
	      ao_ref_init (&ref, rhs);
	      tree var = maybe_warn_operand (ref, stmt, lhs, rhs, wlims);
	      if (!var)
		continue;

	      if (DECL_P (var))
		{
		  location_t loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (var);
		  inform (loc, "%qD declared here", var);
		}
	    }
	}
    }

  return 0;
}

/* Checks if the operand OPND of PHI is defined by
   another phi with one operand defined by this PHI,
   but the rest operands are all defined.  If yes,
   returns true to skip this operand as being
   redundant.  Can be enhanced to be more general.  */

static bool
can_skip_redundant_opnd (tree opnd, gimple *phi)
{
  gimple *op_def;
  tree phi_def;
  int i, n;

  phi_def = gimple_phi_result (phi);
  op_def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (opnd);
  if (gimple_code (op_def) != GIMPLE_PHI)
    return false;
  n = gimple_phi_num_args (op_def);
  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
      tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (op_def, i);
      if (TREE_CODE (op) != SSA_NAME)
	continue;
      if (op != phi_def && uninit_undefined_value_p (op))
	return false;
    }

  return true;
}

/* Returns a bit mask holding the positions of arguments in PHI
   that have empty (or possibly empty) definitions.  */

static unsigned
compute_uninit_opnds_pos (gphi *phi)
{
  size_t i, n;
  unsigned uninit_opnds = 0;

  n = gimple_phi_num_args (phi);
  /* Bail out for phi with too many args.  */
  if (n > max_phi_args)
    return 0;

  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
      tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);
      if (TREE_CODE (op) == SSA_NAME
	  && uninit_undefined_value_p (op)
	  && !can_skip_redundant_opnd (op, phi))
	{
	  if (cfun->has_nonlocal_label || cfun->calls_setjmp)
	    {
	      /* Ignore SSA_NAMEs that appear on abnormal edges
		 somewhere.  */
	      if (SSA_NAME_OCCURS_IN_ABNORMAL_PHI (op))
		continue;
	    }
	  MASK_SET_BIT (uninit_opnds, i);
	}
    }
  return uninit_opnds;
}

/* Find the immediate postdominator PDOM of the specified
   basic block BLOCK.  */

static inline basic_block
find_pdom (basic_block block)
{
  if (block == EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun))
    return EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun);
  else
    {
      basic_block bb = get_immediate_dominator (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, block);
      if (!bb)
	return EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun);
      return bb;
    }
}

/* Find the immediate DOM of the specified basic block BLOCK.  */

static inline basic_block
find_dom (basic_block block)
{
  if (block == ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun))
    return ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun);
  else
    {
      basic_block bb = get_immediate_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, block);
      if (!bb)
	return ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun);
      return bb;
    }
}

/* Returns true if BB1 is postdominating BB2 and BB1 is
   not a loop exit bb.  The loop exit bb check is simple and does
   not cover all cases.  */

static bool
is_non_loop_exit_postdominating (basic_block bb1, basic_block bb2)
{
  if (!dominated_by_p (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, bb2, bb1))
    return false;

  if (single_pred_p (bb1) && !single_succ_p (bb2))
    return false;

  return true;
}

/* Find the closest postdominator of a specified BB, which is control
   equivalent to BB.  */

static inline basic_block
find_control_equiv_block (basic_block bb)
{
  basic_block pdom;

  pdom = find_pdom (bb);

  /* Skip the postdominating bb that is also loop exit.  */
  if (!is_non_loop_exit_postdominating (pdom, bb))
    return NULL;

  if (dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, pdom, bb))
    return pdom;

  return NULL;
}

#define MAX_NUM_CHAINS 8
#define MAX_CHAIN_LEN 5
#define MAX_POSTDOM_CHECK 8
#define MAX_SWITCH_CASES 40

/* Computes the control dependence chains (paths of edges)
   for DEP_BB up to the dominating basic block BB (the head node of a
   chain should be dominated by it).  CD_CHAINS is pointer to an
   array holding the result chains.  CUR_CD_CHAIN is the current
   chain being computed.  *NUM_CHAINS is total number of chains.  The
   function returns true if the information is successfully computed,
   return false if there is no control dependence or not computed.  */

static bool
compute_control_dep_chain (basic_block bb, basic_block dep_bb,
			   vec<edge> *cd_chains,
			   size_t *num_chains,
			   vec<edge> *cur_cd_chain,
			   int *num_calls)
{
  edge_iterator ei;
  edge e;
  size_t i;
  bool found_cd_chain = false;
  size_t cur_chain_len = 0;

  if (*num_calls > param_uninit_control_dep_attempts)
    return false;
  ++*num_calls;

  /* Could use a set instead.  */
  cur_chain_len = cur_cd_chain->length ();
  if (cur_chain_len > MAX_CHAIN_LEN)
    return false;

  for (i = 0; i < cur_chain_len; i++)
    {
      edge e = (*cur_cd_chain)[i];
      /* Cycle detected.  */
      if (e->src == bb)
	return false;
    }

  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
    {
      basic_block cd_bb;
      int post_dom_check = 0;
      if (e->flags & (EDGE_FAKE | EDGE_ABNORMAL))
	continue;

      cd_bb = e->dest;
      cur_cd_chain->safe_push (e);
      while (!is_non_loop_exit_postdominating (cd_bb, bb))
	{
	  if (cd_bb == dep_bb)
	    {
	      /* Found a direct control dependence.  */
	      if (*num_chains < MAX_NUM_CHAINS)
		{
		  cd_chains[*num_chains] = cur_cd_chain->copy ();
		  (*num_chains)++;
		}
	      found_cd_chain = true;
	      /* Check path from next edge.  */
	      break;
	    }

	  /* Now check if DEP_BB is indirectly control dependent on BB.  */
	  if (compute_control_dep_chain (cd_bb, dep_bb, cd_chains, num_chains,
					 cur_cd_chain, num_calls))
	    {
	      found_cd_chain = true;
	      break;
	    }

	  cd_bb = find_pdom (cd_bb);
	  post_dom_check++;
	  if (cd_bb == EXIT_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)
	      || post_dom_check > MAX_POSTDOM_CHECK)
	    break;
	}
      cur_cd_chain->pop ();
      gcc_assert (cur_cd_chain->length () == cur_chain_len);
    }
  gcc_assert (cur_cd_chain->length () == cur_chain_len);

  return found_cd_chain;
}

/* The type to represent a simple predicate.  */

struct pred_info
{
  tree pred_lhs;
  tree pred_rhs;
  enum tree_code cond_code;
  bool invert;
};

/* The type to represent a sequence of predicates grouped
  with .AND. operation.  */

typedef vec<pred_info, va_heap, vl_ptr> pred_chain;

/* The type to represent a sequence of pred_chains grouped
  with .OR. operation.  */

typedef vec<pred_chain, va_heap, vl_ptr> pred_chain_union;

/* Converts the chains of control dependence edges into a set of
   predicates.  A control dependence chain is represented by a vector
   edges.  DEP_CHAINS points to an array of dependence chains.
   NUM_CHAINS is the size of the chain array.  One edge in a dependence
   chain is mapped to predicate expression represented by pred_info
   type.  One dependence chain is converted to a composite predicate that
   is the result of AND operation of pred_info mapped to each edge.
   A composite predicate is presented by a vector of pred_info.  On
   return, *PREDS points to the resulting array of composite predicates.
   *NUM_PREDS is the number of composite predictes.  */

static bool
convert_control_dep_chain_into_preds (vec<edge> *dep_chains,
				      size_t num_chains,
				      pred_chain_union *preds)
{
  bool has_valid_pred = false;
  size_t i, j;
  if (num_chains == 0 || num_chains >= MAX_NUM_CHAINS)
    return false;

  /* Now convert the control dep chain into a set
     of predicates.  */
  preds->reserve (num_chains);

  for (i = 0; i < num_chains; i++)
    {
      vec<edge> one_cd_chain = dep_chains[i];

      has_valid_pred = false;
      pred_chain t_chain = vNULL;
      for (j = 0; j < one_cd_chain.length (); j++)
	{
	  gimple *cond_stmt;
	  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
	  basic_block guard_bb;
	  pred_info one_pred;
	  edge e;

	  e = one_cd_chain[j];
	  guard_bb = e->src;
	  gsi = gsi_last_bb (guard_bb);
	  /* Ignore empty forwarder blocks.  */
	  if (empty_block_p (guard_bb) && single_succ_p (guard_bb))
	    continue;
	  /* An empty basic block here is likely a PHI, and is not one
	     of the cases we handle below.  */
	  if (gsi_end_p (gsi))
	    {
	      has_valid_pred = false;
	      break;
	    }
	  cond_stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
	  if (is_gimple_call (cond_stmt) && EDGE_COUNT (e->src->succs) >= 2)
	    /* Ignore EH edge.  Can add assertion on the other edge's flag.  */
	    continue;
	  /* Skip if there is essentially one succesor.  */
	  if (EDGE_COUNT (e->src->succs) == 2)
	    {
	      edge e1;
	      edge_iterator ei1;
	      bool skip = false;

	      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e1, ei1, e->src->succs)
		{
		  if (EDGE_COUNT (e1->dest->succs) == 0)
		    {
		      skip = true;
		      break;
		    }
		}
	      if (skip)
		continue;
	    }
	  if (gimple_code (cond_stmt) == GIMPLE_COND)
	    {
	      one_pred.pred_lhs = gimple_cond_lhs (cond_stmt);
	      one_pred.pred_rhs = gimple_cond_rhs (cond_stmt);
	      one_pred.cond_code = gimple_cond_code (cond_stmt);
	      one_pred.invert = !!(e->flags & EDGE_FALSE_VALUE);
	      t_chain.safe_push (one_pred);
	      has_valid_pred = true;
	    }
	  else if (gswitch *gs = dyn_cast<gswitch *> (cond_stmt))
	    {
	      /* Avoid quadratic behavior.  */
	      if (gimple_switch_num_labels (gs) > MAX_SWITCH_CASES)
		{
		  has_valid_pred = false;
		  break;
		}
	      /* Find the case label.  */
	      tree l = NULL_TREE;
	      unsigned idx;
	      for (idx = 0; idx < gimple_switch_num_labels (gs); ++idx)
		{
		  tree tl = gimple_switch_label (gs, idx);
		  if (e->dest == label_to_block (cfun, CASE_LABEL (tl)))
		    {
		      if (!l)
			l = tl;
		      else
			{
			  l = NULL_TREE;
			  break;
			}
		    }
		}
	      /* If more than one label reaches this block or the case
		 label doesn't have a single value (like the default one)
		 fail.  */
	      if (!l
		  || !CASE_LOW (l)
		  || (CASE_HIGH (l)
		      && !operand_equal_p (CASE_LOW (l), CASE_HIGH (l), 0)))
		{
		  has_valid_pred = false;
		  break;
		}
	      one_pred.pred_lhs = gimple_switch_index (gs);
	      one_pred.pred_rhs = CASE_LOW (l);
	      one_pred.cond_code = EQ_EXPR;
	      one_pred.invert = false;
	      t_chain.safe_push (one_pred);
	      has_valid_pred = true;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      has_valid_pred = false;
	      break;
	    }
	}

      if (!has_valid_pred)
	break;
      else
	preds->safe_push (t_chain);
    }
  return has_valid_pred;
}

/* Computes all control dependence chains for USE_BB.  The control
   dependence chains are then converted to an array of composite
   predicates pointed to by PREDS.  PHI_BB is the basic block of
   the phi whose result is used in USE_BB.  */

static bool
find_predicates (pred_chain_union *preds,
		 basic_block phi_bb,
		 basic_block use_bb)
{
  size_t num_chains = 0, i;
  int num_calls = 0;
  vec<edge> dep_chains[MAX_NUM_CHAINS];
  auto_vec<edge, MAX_CHAIN_LEN + 1> cur_chain;
  bool has_valid_pred = false;
  basic_block cd_root = 0;

  /* First find the closest bb that is control equivalent to PHI_BB
     that also dominates USE_BB.  */
  cd_root = phi_bb;
  while (dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, use_bb, cd_root))
    {
      basic_block ctrl_eq_bb = find_control_equiv_block (cd_root);
      if (ctrl_eq_bb && dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, use_bb, ctrl_eq_bb))
	cd_root = ctrl_eq_bb;
      else
	break;
    }

  compute_control_dep_chain (cd_root, use_bb, dep_chains, &num_chains,
			     &cur_chain, &num_calls);

  has_valid_pred
    = convert_control_dep_chain_into_preds (dep_chains, num_chains, preds);
  for (i = 0; i < num_chains; i++)
    dep_chains[i].release ();
  return has_valid_pred;
}

/* Computes the set of incoming edges of PHI that have non empty
   definitions of a phi chain.  The collection will be done
   recursively on operands that are defined by phis.  CD_ROOT
   is the control dependence root.  *EDGES holds the result, and
   VISITED_PHIS is a pointer set for detecting cycles.  */

static void
collect_phi_def_edges (gphi *phi, basic_block cd_root,
		       auto_vec<edge> *edges,
		       hash_set<gimple *> *visited_phis)
{
  size_t i, n;
  edge opnd_edge;
  tree opnd;

  if (visited_phis->add (phi))
    return;

  n = gimple_phi_num_args (phi);
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      opnd_edge = gimple_phi_arg_edge (phi, i);
      opnd = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);

      if (TREE_CODE (opnd) != SSA_NAME)
	{
	  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
	    {
	      fprintf (dump_file, "\n[CHECK] Found def edge %d in ", (int) i);
	      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, phi, 0);
	    }
	  edges->safe_push (opnd_edge);
	}
      else
	{
	  gimple *def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (opnd);

	  if (gimple_code (def) == GIMPLE_PHI
	      && dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, gimple_bb (def), cd_root))
	    collect_phi_def_edges (as_a<gphi *> (def), cd_root, edges,
				   visited_phis);
	  else if (!uninit_undefined_value_p (opnd))
	    {
	      if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
		{
		  fprintf (dump_file, "\n[CHECK] Found def edge %d in ",
			   (int) i);
		  print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, phi, 0);
		}
	      edges->safe_push (opnd_edge);
	    }
	}
    }
}

/* For each use edge of PHI, computes all control dependence chains.
   The control dependence chains are then converted to an array of
   composite predicates pointed to by PREDS.  */

static bool
find_def_preds (pred_chain_union *preds, gphi *phi)
{
  size_t num_chains = 0, i, n;
  vec<edge> dep_chains[MAX_NUM_CHAINS];
  auto_vec<edge, MAX_CHAIN_LEN + 1> cur_chain;
  auto_vec<edge> def_edges;
  bool has_valid_pred = false;
  basic_block phi_bb, cd_root = 0;

  phi_bb = gimple_bb (phi);
  /* First find the closest dominating bb to be
     the control dependence root.  */
  cd_root = find_dom (phi_bb);
  if (!cd_root)
    return false;

  hash_set<gimple *> visited_phis;
  collect_phi_def_edges (phi, cd_root, &def_edges, &visited_phis);

  n = def_edges.length ();
  if (n == 0)
    return false;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      size_t prev_nc, j;
      int num_calls = 0;
      edge opnd_edge;

      opnd_edge = def_edges[i];
      prev_nc = num_chains;
      compute_control_dep_chain (cd_root, opnd_edge->src, dep_chains,
				 &num_chains, &cur_chain, &num_calls);

      /* Now update the newly added chains with
	 the phi operand edge:  */
      if (EDGE_COUNT (opnd_edge->src->succs) > 1)
	{
	  if (prev_nc == num_chains && num_chains < MAX_NUM_CHAINS)
	    dep_chains[num_chains++] = vNULL;
	  for (j = prev_nc; j < num_chains; j++)
	    dep_chains[j].safe_push (opnd_edge);
	}
    }

  has_valid_pred
    = convert_control_dep_chain_into_preds (dep_chains, num_chains, preds);
  for (i = 0; i < num_chains; i++)
    dep_chains[i].release ();
  return has_valid_pred;
}

/* Dump a pred_info.  */

static void
dump_pred_info (pred_info one_pred)
{
  if (one_pred.invert)
    fprintf (dump_file, " (.NOT.) ");
  print_generic_expr (dump_file, one_pred.pred_lhs);
  fprintf (dump_file, " %s ", op_symbol_code (one_pred.cond_code));
  print_generic_expr (dump_file, one_pred.pred_rhs);
}

/* Dump a pred_chain.  */

static void
dump_pred_chain (pred_chain one_pred_chain)
{
  size_t np = one_pred_chain.length ();
  for (size_t j = 0; j < np; j++)
    {
      dump_pred_info (one_pred_chain[j]);
      if (j < np - 1)
	fprintf (dump_file, " (.AND.) ");
      else
	fprintf (dump_file, "\n");
    }
}

/* Dumps the predicates (PREDS) for USESTMT.  */

static void
dump_predicates (gimple *usestmt, pred_chain_union preds, const char *msg)
{
  fprintf (dump_file, "%s", msg);
  if (usestmt)
    {
      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, usestmt, 0);
      fprintf (dump_file, "is guarded by :\n\n");
    }
  size_t num_preds = preds.length ();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_preds; i++)
    {
      dump_pred_chain (preds[i]);
      if (i < num_preds - 1)
	fprintf (dump_file, "(.OR.)\n");
      else
	fprintf (dump_file, "\n\n");
    }
}

/* Destroys the predicate set *PREDS.  */

static void
destroy_predicate_vecs (pred_chain_union *preds)
{
  size_t i;

  size_t n = preds->length ();
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    (*preds)[i].release ();
  preds->release ();
}

/* Computes the 'normalized' conditional code with operand
   swapping and condition inversion.  */

static enum tree_code
get_cmp_code (enum tree_code orig_cmp_code, bool swap_cond, bool invert)
{
  enum tree_code tc = orig_cmp_code;

  if (swap_cond)
    tc = swap_tree_comparison (orig_cmp_code);
  if (invert)
    tc = invert_tree_comparison (tc, false);

  switch (tc)
    {
    case LT_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
      break;
    default:
      return ERROR_MARK;
    }
  return tc;
}

/* Returns whether VAL CMPC BOUNDARY is true.  */

static bool
is_value_included_in (tree val, tree boundary, enum tree_code cmpc)
{
  bool inverted = false;
  bool result;

  /* Only handle integer constant here.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (val) != INTEGER_CST || TREE_CODE (boundary) != INTEGER_CST)
    return true;

  if (cmpc == GE_EXPR || cmpc == GT_EXPR || cmpc == NE_EXPR)
    {
      cmpc = invert_tree_comparison (cmpc, false);
      inverted = true;
    }

  if (cmpc == EQ_EXPR)
    result = tree_int_cst_equal (val, boundary);
  else if (cmpc == LT_EXPR)
    result = tree_int_cst_lt (val, boundary);
  else
    {
      gcc_assert (cmpc == LE_EXPR);
      result = tree_int_cst_le (val, boundary);
    }

  if (inverted)
    result ^= 1;

  return result;
}

/* Returns whether VAL satisfies (x CMPC BOUNDARY) predicate.  CMPC can be
   either one of the range comparison codes ({GE,LT,EQ,NE}_EXPR and the like),
   or BIT_AND_EXPR.  EXACT_P is only meaningful for the latter.  It modifies the
   question from whether VAL & BOUNDARY != 0 to whether VAL & BOUNDARY == VAL.
   For other values of CMPC, EXACT_P is ignored.  */

static bool
value_sat_pred_p (tree val, tree boundary, enum tree_code cmpc,
		  bool exact_p = false)
{
  if (cmpc != BIT_AND_EXPR)
    return is_value_included_in (val, boundary, cmpc);

  wide_int andw = wi::to_wide (val) & wi::to_wide (boundary);
  if (exact_p)
    return andw == wi::to_wide (val);
  else
    return andw.to_uhwi ();
}

/* Returns true if PRED is common among all the predicate
   chains (PREDS) (and therefore can be factored out).  */

static bool
find_matching_predicate_in_rest_chains (pred_info pred, pred_chain_union preds)
{
  size_t i, j, n;

  /* Trival case.  */
  if (preds.length () == 1)
    return true;

  for (i = 1; i < preds.length (); i++)
    {
      bool found = false;
      pred_chain one_chain = preds[i];
      n = one_chain.length ();
      for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
	  pred_info pred2 = one_chain[j];
	  /* Can relax the condition comparison to not
	     use address comparison.  However, the most common
	     case is that multiple control dependent paths share
	     a common path prefix, so address comparison should
	     be ok.  */

	  if (operand_equal_p (pred2.pred_lhs, pred.pred_lhs, 0)
	      && operand_equal_p (pred2.pred_rhs, pred.pred_rhs, 0)
	      && pred2.invert == pred.invert)
	    {
	      found = true;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      if (!found)
	return false;
    }
  return true;
}

/* Forward declaration.  */
static bool is_use_properly_guarded (gimple *use_stmt,
				     basic_block use_bb,
				     gphi *phi,
				     unsigned uninit_opnds,
				     pred_chain_union *def_preds,
				     hash_set<gphi *> *visited_phis);

/* Returns true if all uninitialized opnds are pruned.  Returns false
   otherwise.  PHI is the phi node with uninitialized operands,
   UNINIT_OPNDS is the bitmap of the uninitialize operand positions,
   FLAG_DEF is the statement defining the flag guarding the use of the
   PHI output, BOUNDARY_CST is the const value used in the predicate
   associated with the flag, CMP_CODE is the comparison code used in
   the predicate, VISITED_PHIS is the pointer set of phis visited, and
   VISITED_FLAG_PHIS is the pointer to the pointer set of flag definitions
   that are also phis.

   Example scenario:

   BB1:
   flag_1 = phi <0, 1>			// (1)
   var_1  = phi <undef, some_val>


   BB2:
   flag_2 = phi <0,   flag_1, flag_1>   // (2)
   var_2  = phi <undef, var_1, var_1>
   if (flag_2 == 1)
      goto BB3;

   BB3:
   use of var_2				// (3)

   Because some flag arg in (1) is not constant, if we do not look into the
   flag phis recursively, it is conservatively treated as unknown and var_1
   is thought to be flowed into use at (3).  Since var_1 is potentially
   uninitialized a false warning will be emitted.
   Checking recursively into (1), the compiler can find out that only some_val
   (which is defined) can flow into (3) which is OK.  */

static bool
prune_uninit_phi_opnds (gphi *phi, unsigned uninit_opnds, gphi *flag_def,
			tree boundary_cst, enum tree_code cmp_code,
			hash_set<gphi *> *visited_phis,
			bitmap *visited_flag_phis)
{
  unsigned i;

  for (i = 0; i < MIN (max_phi_args, gimple_phi_num_args (flag_def)); i++)
    {
      tree flag_arg;

      if (!MASK_TEST_BIT (uninit_opnds, i))
	continue;

      flag_arg = gimple_phi_arg_def (flag_def, i);
      if (!is_gimple_constant (flag_arg))
	{
	  gphi *flag_arg_def, *phi_arg_def;
	  tree phi_arg;
	  unsigned uninit_opnds_arg_phi;

	  if (TREE_CODE (flag_arg) != SSA_NAME)
	    return false;
	  flag_arg_def = dyn_cast<gphi *> (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (flag_arg));
	  if (!flag_arg_def)
	    return false;

	  phi_arg = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);
	  if (TREE_CODE (phi_arg) != SSA_NAME)
	    return false;

	  phi_arg_def = dyn_cast<gphi *> (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (phi_arg));
	  if (!phi_arg_def)
	    return false;

	  if (gimple_bb (phi_arg_def) != gimple_bb (flag_arg_def))
	    return false;

	  if (!*visited_flag_phis)
	    *visited_flag_phis = BITMAP_ALLOC (NULL);

	  tree phi_result = gimple_phi_result (flag_arg_def);
	  if (bitmap_bit_p (*visited_flag_phis, SSA_NAME_VERSION (phi_result)))
	    return false;

	  bitmap_set_bit (*visited_flag_phis,
			  SSA_NAME_VERSION (gimple_phi_result (flag_arg_def)));

	  /* Now recursively prune the uninitialized phi args.  */
	  uninit_opnds_arg_phi = compute_uninit_opnds_pos (phi_arg_def);
	  if (!prune_uninit_phi_opnds
	      (phi_arg_def, uninit_opnds_arg_phi, flag_arg_def, boundary_cst,
	       cmp_code, visited_phis, visited_flag_phis))
	    return false;

	  phi_result = gimple_phi_result (flag_arg_def);
	  bitmap_clear_bit (*visited_flag_phis, SSA_NAME_VERSION (phi_result));
	  continue;
	}

      /* Now check if the constant is in the guarded range.  */
      if (is_value_included_in (flag_arg, boundary_cst, cmp_code))
	{
	  tree opnd;
	  gimple *opnd_def;

	  /* Now that we know that this undefined edge is not
	     pruned.  If the operand is defined by another phi,
	     we can further prune the incoming edges of that
	     phi by checking the predicates of this operands.  */

	  opnd = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);
	  opnd_def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (opnd);
	  if (gphi *opnd_def_phi = dyn_cast <gphi *> (opnd_def))
	    {
	      edge opnd_edge;
	      unsigned uninit_opnds2 = compute_uninit_opnds_pos (opnd_def_phi);
	      if (!MASK_EMPTY (uninit_opnds2))
		{
		  pred_chain_union def_preds = vNULL;
		  bool ok;
		  opnd_edge = gimple_phi_arg_edge (phi, i);
		  ok = is_use_properly_guarded (phi,
						opnd_edge->src,
						opnd_def_phi,
						uninit_opnds2,
						&def_preds,
						visited_phis);
		  destroy_predicate_vecs (&def_preds);
		  if (!ok)
		    return false;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    return false;
	}
    }

  return true;
}

/* A helper function finds predicate which will be examined against uninit
   paths.  If there is no "flag_var cmp const" form predicate, the function
   tries to find predicate of form like "flag_var cmp flag_var" with value
   range info.  PHI is the phi node whose incoming (undefined) paths need to
   be examined.  On success, the function returns the comparsion code, sets
   defintion gimple of the flag_var to FLAG_DEF, sets boundary_cst to
   BOUNDARY_CST.  On fail, the function returns ERROR_MARK.  */

static enum tree_code
find_var_cmp_const (pred_chain_union preds, gphi *phi, gimple **flag_def,
		    tree *boundary_cst)
{
  enum tree_code vrinfo_code = ERROR_MARK, code;
  gimple *vrinfo_def = NULL;
  tree vrinfo_cst = NULL, cond_lhs, cond_rhs;

  gcc_assert (preds.length () > 0);
  pred_chain the_pred_chain = preds[0];
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < the_pred_chain.length (); i++)
    {
      bool use_vrinfo_p = false;
      pred_info the_pred = the_pred_chain[i];
      cond_lhs = the_pred.pred_lhs;
      cond_rhs = the_pred.pred_rhs;
      if (cond_lhs == NULL_TREE || cond_rhs == NULL_TREE)
	continue;

      code = get_cmp_code (the_pred.cond_code, false, the_pred.invert);
      if (code == ERROR_MARK)
	continue;

      if (TREE_CODE (cond_lhs) == SSA_NAME && is_gimple_constant (cond_rhs))
	;
      else if (TREE_CODE (cond_rhs) == SSA_NAME
	       && is_gimple_constant (cond_lhs))
	{
	  std::swap (cond_lhs, cond_rhs);
	  if ((code = get_cmp_code (code, true, false)) == ERROR_MARK)
	    continue;
	}
      /* Check if we can take advantage of "flag_var comp flag_var" predicate
	 with value range info.  Note only first of such case is handled.  */
      else if (vrinfo_code == ERROR_MARK
	       && TREE_CODE (cond_lhs) == SSA_NAME
	       && TREE_CODE (cond_rhs) == SSA_NAME)
	{
	  gimple* lhs_def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (cond_lhs);
	  if (!lhs_def || gimple_code (lhs_def) != GIMPLE_PHI
	      || gimple_bb (lhs_def) != gimple_bb (phi))
	    {
	      std::swap (cond_lhs, cond_rhs);
	      if ((code = get_cmp_code (code, true, false)) == ERROR_MARK)
		continue;
	    }

	  /* Check value range info of rhs, do following transforms:
	       flag_var < [min, max]  ->  flag_var < max
	       flag_var > [min, max]  ->  flag_var > min

	     We can also transform LE_EXPR/GE_EXPR to LT_EXPR/GT_EXPR:
	       flag_var <= [min, max] ->  flag_var < [min, max+1]
	       flag_var >= [min, max] ->  flag_var > [min-1, max]
	     if no overflow/wrap.  */
	  tree type = TREE_TYPE (cond_lhs);
	  value_range r;
	  if (!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
	      || !get_range_query (cfun)->range_of_expr (r, cond_rhs)
	      || r.kind () != VR_RANGE)
	    continue;
	  wide_int min = r.lower_bound ();
	  wide_int max = r.upper_bound ();
	  if (code == LE_EXPR
	      && max != wi::max_value (TYPE_PRECISION (type), TYPE_SIGN (type)))
	    {
	      code = LT_EXPR;
	      max = max + 1;
	    }
	  if (code == GE_EXPR
	      && min != wi::min_value (TYPE_PRECISION (type), TYPE_SIGN (type)))
	    {
	      code = GT_EXPR;
	      min = min - 1;
	    }
	  if (code == LT_EXPR)
	    cond_rhs = wide_int_to_tree (type, max);
	  else if (code == GT_EXPR)
	    cond_rhs = wide_int_to_tree (type, min);
	  else
	    continue;

	  use_vrinfo_p = true;
	}
      else
	continue;

      if ((*flag_def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (cond_lhs)) == NULL)
	continue;

      if (gimple_code (*flag_def) != GIMPLE_PHI
	  || gimple_bb (*flag_def) != gimple_bb (phi)
	  || !find_matching_predicate_in_rest_chains (the_pred, preds))
	continue;

      /* Return if any "flag_var comp const" predicate is found.  */
      if (!use_vrinfo_p)
	{
	  *boundary_cst = cond_rhs;
	  return code;
	}
      /* Record if any "flag_var comp flag_var[vinfo]" predicate is found.  */
      else if (vrinfo_code == ERROR_MARK)
	{
	  vrinfo_code = code;
	  vrinfo_def = *flag_def;
	  vrinfo_cst = cond_rhs;
	}
    }
  /* Return the "flag_var cmp flag_var[vinfo]" predicate we found.  */
  if (vrinfo_code != ERROR_MARK)
    {
      *flag_def = vrinfo_def;
      *boundary_cst = vrinfo_cst;
    }
  return vrinfo_code;
}

/* A helper function that determines if the predicate set
   of the use is not overlapping with that of the uninit paths.
   The most common senario of guarded use is in Example 1:
     Example 1:
	   if (some_cond)
	   {
	      x = ...;
	      flag = true;
	   }

	    ... some code ...

	   if (flag)
	      use (x);

     The real world examples are usually more complicated, but similar
     and usually result from inlining:

	 bool init_func (int * x)
	 {
	     if (some_cond)
		return false;
	     *x  =  ..
	     return true;
	 }

	 void foo (..)
	 {
	     int x;

	     if (!init_func (&x))
		return;

	     .. some_code ...
	     use (x);
	 }

     Another possible use scenario is in the following trivial example:

     Example 2:
	  if (n > 0)
	     x = 1;
	  ...
	  if (n > 0)
	    {
	      if (m < 2)
		 .. = x;
	    }

     Predicate analysis needs to compute the composite predicate:

       1) 'x' use predicate: (n > 0) .AND. (m < 2)
       2) 'x' default value  (non-def) predicate: .NOT. (n > 0)
       (the predicate chain for phi operand defs can be computed
       starting from a bb that is control equivalent to the phi's
       bb and is dominating the operand def.)

       and check overlapping:
	  (n > 0) .AND. (m < 2) .AND. (.NOT. (n > 0))
	<==> false

     This implementation provides framework that can handle
     scenarios.  (Note that many simple cases are handled properly
     without the predicate analysis -- this is due to jump threading
     transformation which eliminates the merge point thus makes
     path sensitive analysis unnecessary.)

     PHI is the phi node whose incoming (undefined) paths need to be
     pruned, and UNINIT_OPNDS is the bitmap holding uninit operand
     positions.  VISITED_PHIS is the pointer set of phi stmts being
     checked.  */

static bool
use_pred_not_overlap_with_undef_path_pred (pred_chain_union preds,
					   gphi *phi, unsigned uninit_opnds,
					   hash_set<gphi *> *visited_phis)
{
  gimple *flag_def = 0;
  tree boundary_cst = 0;
  enum tree_code cmp_code;
  bitmap visited_flag_phis = NULL;
  bool all_pruned = false;

  /* Find within the common prefix of multiple predicate chains
     a predicate that is a comparison of a flag variable against
     a constant.  */
  cmp_code = find_var_cmp_const (preds, phi, &flag_def, &boundary_cst);
  if (cmp_code == ERROR_MARK)
    return false;

  /* Now check all the uninit incoming edge has a constant flag value
     that is in conflict with the use guard/predicate.  */
  all_pruned = prune_uninit_phi_opnds
    (phi, uninit_opnds, as_a<gphi *> (flag_def), boundary_cst, cmp_code,
     visited_phis, &visited_flag_phis);

  if (visited_flag_phis)
    BITMAP_FREE (visited_flag_phis);

  return all_pruned;
}

/* The helper function returns true if two predicates X1 and X2
   are equivalent.  It assumes the expressions have already
   properly re-associated.  */

static inline bool
pred_equal_p (pred_info x1, pred_info x2)
{
  enum tree_code c1, c2;
  if (!operand_equal_p (x1.pred_lhs, x2.pred_lhs, 0)
      || !operand_equal_p (x1.pred_rhs, x2.pred_rhs, 0))
    return false;

  c1 = x1.cond_code;
  if (x1.invert != x2.invert
      && TREE_CODE_CLASS (x2.cond_code) == tcc_comparison)
    c2 = invert_tree_comparison (x2.cond_code, false);
  else
    c2 = x2.cond_code;

  return c1 == c2;
}

/* Returns true if the predication is testing !=.  */

static inline bool
is_neq_relop_p (pred_info pred)
{

  return ((pred.cond_code == NE_EXPR && !pred.invert)
	  || (pred.cond_code == EQ_EXPR && pred.invert));
}

/* Returns true if pred is of the form X != 0.  */

static inline bool
is_neq_zero_form_p (pred_info pred)
{
  if (!is_neq_relop_p (pred) || !integer_zerop (pred.pred_rhs)
      || TREE_CODE (pred.pred_lhs) != SSA_NAME)
    return false;
  return true;
}

/* The helper function returns true if two predicates X1
   is equivalent to X2 != 0.  */

static inline bool
pred_expr_equal_p (pred_info x1, tree x2)
{
  if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (x1))
    return false;

  return operand_equal_p (x1.pred_lhs, x2, 0);
}

/* Returns true of the domain of single predicate expression
   EXPR1 is a subset of that of EXPR2.  Returns false if it
   cannot be proved.  */

static bool
is_pred_expr_subset_of (pred_info expr1, pred_info expr2)
{
  enum tree_code code1, code2;

  if (pred_equal_p (expr1, expr2))
    return true;

  if ((TREE_CODE (expr1.pred_rhs) != INTEGER_CST)
      || (TREE_CODE (expr2.pred_rhs) != INTEGER_CST))
    return false;

  if (!operand_equal_p (expr1.pred_lhs, expr2.pred_lhs, 0))
    return false;

  code1 = expr1.cond_code;
  if (expr1.invert)
    code1 = invert_tree_comparison (code1, false);
  code2 = expr2.cond_code;
  if (expr2.invert)
    code2 = invert_tree_comparison (code2, false);

  if (code2 == NE_EXPR && code1 == NE_EXPR)
    return false;

  if (code2 == NE_EXPR)
    return !value_sat_pred_p (expr2.pred_rhs, expr1.pred_rhs, code1);

  if (code1 == EQ_EXPR)
    return value_sat_pred_p (expr1.pred_rhs, expr2.pred_rhs, code2);

  if (code1 == code2)
    return value_sat_pred_p (expr1.pred_rhs, expr2.pred_rhs, code2,
			     code1 == BIT_AND_EXPR);

  return false;
}

/* Returns true if the domain of PRED1 is a subset
   of that of PRED2.  Returns false if it cannot be proved so.  */

static bool
is_pred_chain_subset_of (pred_chain pred1, pred_chain pred2)
{
  size_t np1, np2, i1, i2;

  np1 = pred1.length ();
  np2 = pred2.length ();

  for (i2 = 0; i2 < np2; i2++)
    {
      bool found = false;
      pred_info info2 = pred2[i2];
      for (i1 = 0; i1 < np1; i1++)
	{
	  pred_info info1 = pred1[i1];
	  if (is_pred_expr_subset_of (info1, info2))
	    {
	      found = true;
	      break;
	    }
	}
      if (!found)
	return false;
    }
  return true;
}

/* Returns true if the domain defined by
   one pred chain ONE_PRED is a subset of the domain
   of *PREDS.  It returns false if ONE_PRED's domain is
   not a subset of any of the sub-domains of PREDS
   (corresponding to each individual chains in it), even
   though it may be still be a subset of whole domain
   of PREDS which is the union (ORed) of all its subdomains.
   In other words, the result is conservative.  */

static bool
is_included_in (pred_chain one_pred, pred_chain_union preds)
{
  size_t i;
  size_t n = preds.length ();

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      if (is_pred_chain_subset_of (one_pred, preds[i]))
	return true;
    }

  return false;
}

/* Compares two predicate sets PREDS1 and PREDS2 and returns
   true if the domain defined by PREDS1 is a superset
   of PREDS2's domain.  N1 and N2 are array sizes of PREDS1 and
   PREDS2 respectively.  The implementation chooses not to build
   generic trees (and relying on the folding capability of the
   compiler), but instead performs brute force comparison of
   individual predicate chains (won't be a compile time problem
   as the chains are pretty short).  When the function returns
   false, it does not necessarily mean *PREDS1 is not a superset
   of *PREDS2, but mean it may not be so since the analysis cannot
   prove it.  In such cases, false warnings may still be
   emitted.  */

static bool
is_superset_of (pred_chain_union preds1, pred_chain_union preds2)
{
  size_t i, n2;
  pred_chain one_pred_chain = vNULL;

  n2 = preds2.length ();

  for (i = 0; i < n2; i++)
    {
      one_pred_chain = preds2[i];
      if (!is_included_in (one_pred_chain, preds1))
	return false;
    }

  return true;
}

/* Returns true if X1 is the negate of X2.  */

static inline bool
pred_neg_p (pred_info x1, pred_info x2)
{
  enum tree_code c1, c2;
  if (!operand_equal_p (x1.pred_lhs, x2.pred_lhs, 0)
      || !operand_equal_p (x1.pred_rhs, x2.pred_rhs, 0))
    return false;

  c1 = x1.cond_code;
  if (x1.invert == x2.invert)
    c2 = invert_tree_comparison (x2.cond_code, false);
  else
    c2 = x2.cond_code;

  return c1 == c2;
}

/* 1) ((x IOR y) != 0) AND (x != 0) is equivalent to (x != 0);
   2) (X AND Y) OR (!X AND Y) is equivalent to Y;
   3) X OR (!X AND Y) is equivalent to (X OR Y);
   4) ((x IAND y) != 0) || (x != 0 AND y != 0)) is equivalent to
      (x != 0 AND y != 0)
   5) (X AND Y) OR (!X AND Z) OR (!Y AND Z) is equivalent to
      (X AND Y) OR Z

   PREDS is the predicate chains, and N is the number of chains.  */

/* Helper function to implement rule 1 above.  ONE_CHAIN is
   the AND predication to be simplified.  */

static void
simplify_pred (pred_chain *one_chain)
{
  size_t i, j, n;
  bool simplified = false;
  pred_chain s_chain = vNULL;

  n = one_chain->length ();

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      pred_info *a_pred = &(*one_chain)[i];

      if (!a_pred->pred_lhs)
	continue;
      if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (*a_pred))
	continue;

      gimple *def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (a_pred->pred_lhs);
      if (gimple_code (def_stmt) != GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
	continue;
      if (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt) == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
	{
	  for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
	    {
	      pred_info *b_pred = &(*one_chain)[j];

	      if (!b_pred->pred_lhs)
		continue;
	      if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (*b_pred))
		continue;

	      if (pred_expr_equal_p (*b_pred, gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt))
		  || pred_expr_equal_p (*b_pred, gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt)))
		{
		  /* Mark a_pred for removal.  */
		  a_pred->pred_lhs = NULL;
		  a_pred->pred_rhs = NULL;
		  simplified = true;
		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
    }

  if (!simplified)
    return;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      pred_info *a_pred = &(*one_chain)[i];
      if (!a_pred->pred_lhs)
	continue;
      s_chain.safe_push (*a_pred);
    }

  one_chain->release ();
  *one_chain = s_chain;
}

/* The helper function implements the rule 2 for the
   OR predicate PREDS.

   2) (X AND Y) OR (!X AND Y) is equivalent to Y.  */

static bool
simplify_preds_2 (pred_chain_union *preds)
{
  size_t i, j, n;
  bool simplified = false;
  pred_chain_union s_preds = vNULL;

  /* (X AND Y) OR (!X AND Y) is equivalent to Y.
     (X AND Y) OR (X AND !Y) is equivalent to X.  */

  n = preds->length ();
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      pred_info x, y;
      pred_chain *a_chain = &(*preds)[i];

      if (a_chain->length () != 2)
	continue;

      x = (*a_chain)[0];
      y = (*a_chain)[1];

      for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
	  pred_chain *b_chain;
	  pred_info x2, y2;

	  if (j == i)
	    continue;

	  b_chain = &(*preds)[j];
	  if (b_chain->length () != 2)
	    continue;

	  x2 = (*b_chain)[0];
	  y2 = (*b_chain)[1];

	  if (pred_equal_p (x, x2) && pred_neg_p (y, y2))
	    {
	      /* Kill a_chain.  */
	      a_chain->release ();
	      b_chain->release ();
	      b_chain->safe_push (x);
	      simplified = true;
	      break;
	    }
	  if (pred_neg_p (x, x2) && pred_equal_p (y, y2))
	    {
	      /* Kill a_chain.  */
	      a_chain->release ();
	      b_chain->release ();
	      b_chain->safe_push (y);
	      simplified = true;
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }
  /* Now clean up the chain.  */
  if (simplified)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
	  if ((*preds)[i].is_empty ())
	    continue;
	  s_preds.safe_push ((*preds)[i]);
	}
      preds->release ();
      (*preds) = s_preds;
      s_preds = vNULL;
    }

  return simplified;
}

/* The helper function implements the rule 2 for the
   OR predicate PREDS.

   3) x OR (!x AND y) is equivalent to x OR y.  */

static bool
simplify_preds_3 (pred_chain_union *preds)
{
  size_t i, j, n;
  bool simplified = false;

  /* Now iteratively simplify X OR (!X AND Z ..)
       into X OR (Z ...).  */

  n = preds->length ();
  if (n < 2)
    return false;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      pred_info x;
      pred_chain *a_chain = &(*preds)[i];

      if (a_chain->length () != 1)
	continue;

      x = (*a_chain)[0];

      for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
	  pred_chain *b_chain;
	  pred_info x2;
	  size_t k;

	  if (j == i)
	    continue;

	  b_chain = &(*preds)[j];
	  if (b_chain->length () < 2)
	    continue;

	  for (k = 0; k < b_chain->length (); k++)
	    {
	      x2 = (*b_chain)[k];
	      if (pred_neg_p (x, x2))
		{
		  b_chain->unordered_remove (k);
		  simplified = true;
		  break;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  return simplified;
}

/* The helper function implements the rule 4 for the
   OR predicate PREDS.

   2) ((x AND y) != 0) OR (x != 0 AND y != 0) is equivalent to
       (x != 0 ANd y != 0).   */

static bool
simplify_preds_4 (pred_chain_union *preds)
{
  size_t i, j, n;
  bool simplified = false;
  pred_chain_union s_preds = vNULL;
  gimple *def_stmt;

  n = preds->length ();
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      pred_info z;
      pred_chain *a_chain = &(*preds)[i];

      if (a_chain->length () != 1)
	continue;

      z = (*a_chain)[0];

      if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (z))
	continue;

      def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (z.pred_lhs);
      if (gimple_code (def_stmt) != GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
	continue;

      if (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt) != BIT_AND_EXPR)
	continue;

      for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
	  pred_chain *b_chain;
	  pred_info x2, y2;

	  if (j == i)
	    continue;

	  b_chain = &(*preds)[j];
	  if (b_chain->length () != 2)
	    continue;

	  x2 = (*b_chain)[0];
	  y2 = (*b_chain)[1];
	  if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (x2) || !is_neq_zero_form_p (y2))
	    continue;

	  if ((pred_expr_equal_p (x2, gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt))
	       && pred_expr_equal_p (y2, gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt)))
	      || (pred_expr_equal_p (x2, gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt))
		  && pred_expr_equal_p (y2, gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt))))
	    {
	      /* Kill a_chain.  */
	      a_chain->release ();
	      simplified = true;
	      break;
	    }
	}
    }
  /* Now clean up the chain.  */
  if (simplified)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
	  if ((*preds)[i].is_empty ())
	    continue;
	  s_preds.safe_push ((*preds)[i]);
	}

      preds->release ();
      (*preds) = s_preds;
      s_preds = vNULL;
    }

  return simplified;
}

/* This function simplifies predicates in PREDS.  */

static void
simplify_preds (pred_chain_union *preds, gimple *use_or_def, bool is_use)
{
  size_t i, n;
  bool changed = false;

  if (dump_file && dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)
    {
      fprintf (dump_file, "[BEFORE SIMPLICATION -- ");
      dump_predicates (use_or_def, *preds, is_use ? "[USE]:\n" : "[DEF]:\n");
    }

  for (i = 0; i < preds->length (); i++)
    simplify_pred (&(*preds)[i]);

  n = preds->length ();
  if (n < 2)
    return;

  do
    {
      changed = false;
      if (simplify_preds_2 (preds))
	changed = true;

      /* Now iteratively simplify X OR (!X AND Z ..)
       into X OR (Z ...).  */
      if (simplify_preds_3 (preds))
	changed = true;

      if (simplify_preds_4 (preds))
	changed = true;
    }
  while (changed);

  return;
}

/* This is a helper function which attempts to normalize predicate chains
  by following UD chains.  It basically builds up a big tree of either IOR
  operations or AND operations, and convert the IOR tree into a
  pred_chain_union or BIT_AND tree into a pred_chain.
  Example:

  _3 = _2 RELOP1 _1;
  _6 = _5 RELOP2 _4;
  _9 = _8 RELOP3 _7;
  _10 = _3 | _6;
  _12 = _9 | _0;
  _t = _10 | _12;

 then _t != 0 will be normalized into a pred_chain_union

   (_2 RELOP1 _1) OR (_5 RELOP2 _4) OR (_8 RELOP3 _7) OR (_0 != 0)

 Similarly given,

  _3 = _2 RELOP1 _1;
  _6 = _5 RELOP2 _4;
  _9 = _8 RELOP3 _7;
  _10 = _3 & _6;
  _12 = _9 & _0;

 then _t != 0 will be normalized into a pred_chain:
   (_2 RELOP1 _1) AND (_5 RELOP2 _4) AND (_8 RELOP3 _7) AND (_0 != 0)

  */

/* This is a helper function that stores a PRED into NORM_PREDS.  */

inline static void
push_pred (pred_chain_union *norm_preds, pred_info pred)
{
  pred_chain pred_chain = vNULL;
  pred_chain.safe_push (pred);
  norm_preds->safe_push (pred_chain);
}

/* A helper function that creates a predicate of the form
   OP != 0 and push it WORK_LIST.  */

inline static void
push_to_worklist (tree op, vec<pred_info, va_heap, vl_ptr> *work_list,
		  hash_set<tree> *mark_set)
{
  if (mark_set->contains (op))
    return;
  mark_set->add (op);

  pred_info arg_pred;
  arg_pred.pred_lhs = op;
  arg_pred.pred_rhs = integer_zero_node;
  arg_pred.cond_code = NE_EXPR;
  arg_pred.invert = false;
  work_list->safe_push (arg_pred);
}

/* A helper that generates a pred_info from a gimple assignment
   CMP_ASSIGN with comparison rhs.  */

static pred_info
get_pred_info_from_cmp (gimple *cmp_assign)
{
  pred_info n_pred;
  n_pred.pred_lhs = gimple_assign_rhs1 (cmp_assign);
  n_pred.pred_rhs = gimple_assign_rhs2 (cmp_assign);
  n_pred.cond_code = gimple_assign_rhs_code (cmp_assign);
  n_pred.invert = false;
  return n_pred;
}

/* Returns true if the PHI is a degenerated phi with
   all args with the same value (relop).  In that case, *PRED
   will be updated to that value.  */

static bool
is_degenerated_phi (gimple *phi, pred_info *pred_p)
{
  int i, n;
  tree op0;
  gimple *def0;
  pred_info pred0;

  n = gimple_phi_num_args (phi);
  op0 = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, 0);

  if (TREE_CODE (op0) != SSA_NAME)
    return false;

  def0 = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (op0);
  if (gimple_code (def0) != GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
    return false;
  if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def0)) != tcc_comparison)
    return false;
  pred0 = get_pred_info_from_cmp (def0);

  for (i = 1; i < n; ++i)
    {
      gimple *def;
      pred_info pred;
      tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);

      if (TREE_CODE (op) != SSA_NAME)
	return false;

      def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (op);
      if (gimple_code (def) != GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
	return false;
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def)) != tcc_comparison)
	return false;
      pred = get_pred_info_from_cmp (def);
      if (!pred_equal_p (pred, pred0))
	return false;
    }

  *pred_p = pred0;
  return true;
}

/* Normalize one predicate PRED
   1) if PRED can no longer be normlized, put it into NORM_PREDS.
   2) otherwise if PRED is of the form x != 0, follow x's definition
      and put normalized predicates into WORK_LIST.  */

static void
normalize_one_pred_1 (pred_chain_union *norm_preds,
		      pred_chain *norm_chain,
		      pred_info pred,
		      enum tree_code and_or_code,
		      vec<pred_info, va_heap, vl_ptr> *work_list,
		      hash_set<tree> *mark_set)
{
  if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (pred))
    {
      if (and_or_code == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
	push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
      else
	norm_chain->safe_push (pred);
      return;
    }

  gimple *def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (pred.pred_lhs);

  if (gimple_code (def_stmt) == GIMPLE_PHI
      && is_degenerated_phi (def_stmt, &pred))
    work_list->safe_push (pred);
  else if (gimple_code (def_stmt) == GIMPLE_PHI && and_or_code == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
    {
      int i, n;
      n = gimple_phi_num_args (def_stmt);

      /* If we see non zero constant, we should punt.  The predicate
       * should be one guarding the phi edge.  */
      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
	  tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (def_stmt, i);
	  if (TREE_CODE (op) == INTEGER_CST && !integer_zerop (op))
	    {
	      push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
	      return;
	    }
	}

      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	{
	  tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (def_stmt, i);
	  if (integer_zerop (op))
	    continue;

	  push_to_worklist (op, work_list, mark_set);
	}
    }
  else if (gimple_code (def_stmt) != GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
    {
      if (and_or_code == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
	push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
      else
	norm_chain->safe_push (pred);
    }
  else if (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt) == and_or_code)
    {
      /* Avoid splitting up bit manipulations like x & 3 or y | 1.  */
      if (is_gimple_min_invariant (gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt)))
	{
	  /* But treat x & 3 as condition.  */
	  if (and_or_code == BIT_AND_EXPR)
	    {
	      pred_info n_pred;
	      n_pred.pred_lhs = gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt);
	      n_pred.pred_rhs = gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt);
	      n_pred.cond_code = and_or_code;
	      n_pred.invert = false;
	      norm_chain->safe_push (n_pred);
	    }
	}
      else
	{
	  push_to_worklist (gimple_assign_rhs1 (def_stmt), work_list, mark_set);
	  push_to_worklist (gimple_assign_rhs2 (def_stmt), work_list, mark_set);
	}
    }
  else if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt))
	   == tcc_comparison)
    {
      pred_info n_pred = get_pred_info_from_cmp (def_stmt);
      if (and_or_code == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
	push_pred (norm_preds, n_pred);
      else
	norm_chain->safe_push (n_pred);
    }
  else
    {
      if (and_or_code == BIT_IOR_EXPR)
	push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
      else
	norm_chain->safe_push (pred);
    }
}

/* Normalize PRED and store the normalized predicates into NORM_PREDS.  */

static void
normalize_one_pred (pred_chain_union *norm_preds, pred_info pred)
{
  vec<pred_info, va_heap, vl_ptr> work_list = vNULL;
  enum tree_code and_or_code = ERROR_MARK;
  pred_chain norm_chain = vNULL;

  if (!is_neq_zero_form_p (pred))
    {
      push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
      return;
    }

  gimple *def_stmt = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (pred.pred_lhs);
  if (gimple_code (def_stmt) == GIMPLE_ASSIGN)
    and_or_code = gimple_assign_rhs_code (def_stmt);
  if (and_or_code != BIT_IOR_EXPR && and_or_code != BIT_AND_EXPR)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE_CLASS (and_or_code) == tcc_comparison)
	{
	  pred_info n_pred = get_pred_info_from_cmp (def_stmt);
	  push_pred (norm_preds, n_pred);
	}
      else
	push_pred (norm_preds, pred);
      return;
    }

  work_list.safe_push (pred);
  hash_set<tree> mark_set;

  while (!work_list.is_empty ())
    {
      pred_info a_pred = work_list.pop ();
      normalize_one_pred_1 (norm_preds, &norm_chain, a_pred, and_or_code,
			    &work_list, &mark_set);
    }
  if (and_or_code == BIT_AND_EXPR)
    norm_preds->safe_push (norm_chain);

  work_list.release ();
}

static void
normalize_one_pred_chain (pred_chain_union *norm_preds, pred_chain one_chain)
{
  vec<pred_info, va_heap, vl_ptr> work_list = vNULL;
  hash_set<tree> mark_set;
  pred_chain norm_chain = vNULL;
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < one_chain.length (); i++)
    {
      work_list.safe_push (one_chain[i]);
      mark_set.add (one_chain[i].pred_lhs);
    }

  while (!work_list.is_empty ())
    {
      pred_info a_pred = work_list.pop ();
      normalize_one_pred_1 (0, &norm_chain, a_pred, BIT_AND_EXPR, &work_list,
			    &mark_set);
    }

  norm_preds->safe_push (norm_chain);
  work_list.release ();
}

/* Normalize predicate chains PREDS and returns the normalized one.  */

static pred_chain_union
normalize_preds (pred_chain_union preds, gimple *use_or_def, bool is_use)
{
  pred_chain_union norm_preds = vNULL;
  size_t n = preds.length ();
  size_t i;

  if (dump_file && dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)
    {
      fprintf (dump_file, "[BEFORE NORMALIZATION --");
      dump_predicates (use_or_def, preds, is_use ? "[USE]:\n" : "[DEF]:\n");
    }

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      if (preds[i].length () != 1)
	normalize_one_pred_chain (&norm_preds, preds[i]);
      else
	{
	  normalize_one_pred (&norm_preds, preds[i][0]);
	  preds[i].release ();
	}
    }

  if (dump_file)
    {
      fprintf (dump_file, "[AFTER NORMALIZATION -- ");
      dump_predicates (use_or_def, norm_preds,
		       is_use ? "[USE]:\n" : "[DEF]:\n");
    }

  destroy_predicate_vecs (&preds);
  return norm_preds;
}

/* Return TRUE if PREDICATE can be invalidated by any individual
   predicate in USE_GUARD.  */

static bool
can_one_predicate_be_invalidated_p (pred_info predicate,
				    pred_chain use_guard)
{
  if (dump_file && dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)
    {
      fprintf (dump_file, "Testing if this predicate: ");
      dump_pred_info (predicate);
      fprintf (dump_file, "\n...can be invalidated by a USE guard of: ");
      dump_pred_chain (use_guard);
    }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < use_guard.length (); ++i)
    {
      /* NOTE: This is a very simple check, and only understands an
	 exact opposite.  So, [i == 0] is currently only invalidated
	 by [.NOT. i == 0] or [i != 0].  Ideally we should also
	 invalidate with say [i > 5] or [i == 8].  There is certainly
	 room for improvement here.  */
      if (pred_neg_p (predicate, use_guard[i]))
	{
	  if (dump_file && dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)
	    {
	      fprintf (dump_file, "  Predicate was invalidated by: ");
	      dump_pred_info (use_guard[i]);
	      fputc ('\n', dump_file);
	    }
	  return true;
	}
    }
  return false;
}

/* Return TRUE if all predicates in UNINIT_PRED are invalidated by
   USE_GUARD being true.  */

static bool
can_chain_union_be_invalidated_p (pred_chain_union uninit_pred,
				  pred_chain use_guard)
{
  if (uninit_pred.is_empty ())
    return false;
  if (dump_file && dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)
    dump_predicates (NULL, uninit_pred,
		     "Testing if anything here can be invalidated: ");
  for (size_t i = 0; i < uninit_pred.length (); ++i)
    {
      pred_chain c = uninit_pred[i];
      size_t j;
      for (j = 0; j < c.length (); ++j)
	if (can_one_predicate_be_invalidated_p (c[j], use_guard))
	  break;

      /* If we were unable to invalidate any predicate in C, then there
	 is a viable path from entry to the PHI where the PHI takes
	 an uninitialized value and continues to a use of the PHI.  */
      if (j == c.length ())
	return false;
    }
  return true;
}

/* Return TRUE if none of the uninitialized operands in UNINT_OPNDS
   can actually happen if we arrived at a use for PHI.

   PHI_USE_GUARDS are the guard conditions for the use of the PHI.  */

static bool
uninit_uses_cannot_happen (gphi *phi, unsigned uninit_opnds,
			   pred_chain_union phi_use_guards)
{
  unsigned phi_args = gimple_phi_num_args (phi);
  if (phi_args > max_phi_args)
    return false;

  /* PHI_USE_GUARDS are OR'ed together.  If we have more than one
     possible guard, there's no way of knowing which guard was true.
     Since we need to be absolutely sure that the uninitialized
     operands will be invalidated, bail.  */
  if (phi_use_guards.length () != 1)
    return false;

  /* Look for the control dependencies of all the uninitialized
     operands and build guard predicates describing them.  */
  pred_chain_union uninit_preds;
  bool ret = true;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < phi_args; ++i)
    {
      if (!MASK_TEST_BIT (uninit_opnds, i))
	continue;

      edge e = gimple_phi_arg_edge (phi, i);
      vec<edge> dep_chains[MAX_NUM_CHAINS];
      auto_vec<edge, MAX_CHAIN_LEN + 1> cur_chain;
      size_t num_chains = 0;
      int num_calls = 0;

      /* Build the control dependency chain for uninit operand `i'...  */
      uninit_preds = vNULL;
      if (!compute_control_dep_chain (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun),
				      e->src, dep_chains, &num_chains,
				      &cur_chain, &num_calls))
	{
	  ret = false;
	  break;
	}
      /* ...and convert it into a set of predicates.  */
      bool has_valid_preds
	= convert_control_dep_chain_into_preds (dep_chains, num_chains,
						&uninit_preds);
      for (size_t j = 0; j < num_chains; ++j)
	dep_chains[j].release ();
      if (!has_valid_preds)
	{
	  ret = false;
	  break;
	}
      simplify_preds (&uninit_preds, NULL, false);
      uninit_preds = normalize_preds (uninit_preds, NULL, false);

      /* Can the guard for this uninitialized operand be invalidated
	 by the PHI use?  */
      if (!can_chain_union_be_invalidated_p (uninit_preds, phi_use_guards[0]))
	{
	  ret = false;
	  break;
	}
    }
  destroy_predicate_vecs (&uninit_preds);
  return ret;
}

/* Computes the predicates that guard the use and checks
   if the incoming paths that have empty (or possibly
   empty) definition can be pruned/filtered.  The function returns
   true if it can be determined that the use of PHI's def in
   USE_STMT is guarded with a predicate set not overlapping with
   predicate sets of all runtime paths that do not have a definition.

   Returns false if it is not or it cannot be determined.  USE_BB is
   the bb of the use (for phi operand use, the bb is not the bb of
   the phi stmt, but the src bb of the operand edge).

   UNINIT_OPNDS is a bit vector.  If an operand of PHI is uninitialized, the
   corresponding bit in the vector is 1.  VISITED_PHIS is a pointer
   set of phis being visited.

   *DEF_PREDS contains the (memoized) defining predicate chains of PHI.
   If *DEF_PREDS is the empty vector, the defining predicate chains of
   PHI will be computed and stored into *DEF_PREDS as needed.

   VISITED_PHIS is a pointer set of phis being visited.  */

static bool
is_use_properly_guarded (gimple *use_stmt,
			 basic_block use_bb,
			 gphi *phi,
			 unsigned uninit_opnds,
			 pred_chain_union *def_preds,
			 hash_set<gphi *> *visited_phis)
{
  basic_block phi_bb;
  pred_chain_union preds = vNULL;
  bool has_valid_preds = false;
  bool is_properly_guarded = false;

  if (visited_phis->add (phi))
    return false;

  phi_bb = gimple_bb (phi);

  if (is_non_loop_exit_postdominating (use_bb, phi_bb))
    return false;

  has_valid_preds = find_predicates (&preds, phi_bb, use_bb);

  if (!has_valid_preds)
    {
      destroy_predicate_vecs (&preds);
      return false;
    }

  /* Try to prune the dead incoming phi edges.  */
  is_properly_guarded
    = use_pred_not_overlap_with_undef_path_pred (preds, phi, uninit_opnds,
						 visited_phis);

  /* We might be able to prove that if the control dependencies
     for UNINIT_OPNDS are true, that the control dependencies for
     USE_STMT can never be true.  */
  if (!is_properly_guarded)
    is_properly_guarded |= uninit_uses_cannot_happen (phi, uninit_opnds,
						      preds);

  if (is_properly_guarded)
    {
      destroy_predicate_vecs (&preds);
      return true;
    }

  if (def_preds->is_empty ())
    {
      has_valid_preds = find_def_preds (def_preds, phi);

      if (!has_valid_preds)
	{
	  destroy_predicate_vecs (&preds);
	  return false;
	}

      simplify_preds (def_preds, phi, false);
      *def_preds = normalize_preds (*def_preds, phi, false);
    }

  simplify_preds (&preds, use_stmt, true);
  preds = normalize_preds (preds, use_stmt, true);

  is_properly_guarded = is_superset_of (*def_preds, preds);

  destroy_predicate_vecs (&preds);
  return is_properly_guarded;
}

/* Searches through all uses of a potentially
   uninitialized variable defined by PHI and returns a use
   statement if the use is not properly guarded.  It returns
   NULL if all uses are guarded.  UNINIT_OPNDS is a bitvector
   holding the position(s) of uninit PHI operands.  WORKLIST
   is the vector of candidate phis that may be updated by this
   function.  ADDED_TO_WORKLIST is the pointer set tracking
   if the new phi is already in the worklist.  */

static gimple *
find_uninit_use (gphi *phi, unsigned uninit_opnds,
		 vec<gphi *> *worklist,
		 hash_set<gphi *> *added_to_worklist)
{
  tree phi_result;
  use_operand_p use_p;
  gimple *use_stmt;
  imm_use_iterator iter;
  pred_chain_union def_preds = vNULL;
  gimple *ret = NULL;

  phi_result = gimple_phi_result (phi);

  FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_FAST (use_p, iter, phi_result)
    {
      basic_block use_bb;

      use_stmt = USE_STMT (use_p);
      if (is_gimple_debug (use_stmt))
	continue;

      if (gphi *use_phi = dyn_cast<gphi *> (use_stmt))
	use_bb = gimple_phi_arg_edge (use_phi,
				      PHI_ARG_INDEX_FROM_USE (use_p))->src;
      else
	use_bb = gimple_bb (use_stmt);

      hash_set<gphi *> visited_phis;
      if (is_use_properly_guarded (use_stmt, use_bb, phi, uninit_opnds,
				   &def_preds, &visited_phis))
	continue;

      if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
	{
	  fprintf (dump_file, "[CHECK]: Found unguarded use: ");
	  print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, use_stmt, 0);
	}
      /* Found one real use, return.  */
      if (gimple_code (use_stmt) != GIMPLE_PHI)
	{
	  ret = use_stmt;
	  break;
	}

      /* Found a phi use that is not guarded,
	 add the phi to the worklist.  */
      if (!added_to_worklist->add (as_a<gphi *> (use_stmt)))
	{
	  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
	    {
	      fprintf (dump_file, "[WORKLIST]: Update worklist with phi: ");
	      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, use_stmt, 0);
	    }

	  worklist->safe_push (as_a<gphi *> (use_stmt));
	  possibly_undefined_names->add (phi_result);
	}
    }

  destroy_predicate_vecs (&def_preds);
  return ret;
}

/* Look for inputs to PHI that are SSA_NAMEs that have empty definitions
   and gives warning if there exists a runtime path from the entry to a
   use of the PHI def that does not contain a definition.  In other words,
   the warning is on the real use.  The more dead paths that can be pruned
   by the compiler, the fewer false positives the warning is.  WORKLIST
   is a vector of candidate phis to be examined.  ADDED_TO_WORKLIST is
   a pointer set tracking if the new phi is added to the worklist or not.  */

static void
warn_uninitialized_phi (gphi *phi, vec<gphi *> *worklist,
			hash_set<gphi *> *added_to_worklist)
{
  unsigned uninit_opnds;
  gimple *uninit_use_stmt = 0;
  tree uninit_op;
  int phiarg_index;
  location_t loc;

  /* Don't look at virtual operands.  */
  if (virtual_operand_p (gimple_phi_result (phi)))
    return;

  uninit_opnds = compute_uninit_opnds_pos (phi);

  if (MASK_EMPTY (uninit_opnds))
    return;

  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
    {
      fprintf (dump_file, "[CHECK]: examining phi: ");
      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, phi, 0);
    }

  /* Now check if we have any use of the value without proper guard.  */
  uninit_use_stmt = find_uninit_use (phi, uninit_opnds,
				     worklist, added_to_worklist);

  /* All uses are properly guarded.  */
  if (!uninit_use_stmt)
    return;

  phiarg_index = MASK_FIRST_SET_BIT (uninit_opnds);
  uninit_op = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, phiarg_index);
  if (SSA_NAME_VAR (uninit_op) == NULL_TREE)
    return;
  if (gimple_phi_arg_has_location (phi, phiarg_index))
    loc = gimple_phi_arg_location (phi, phiarg_index);
  else
    loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
  warn_uninit (OPT_Wmaybe_uninitialized, uninit_op, SSA_NAME_VAR (uninit_op),
	       SSA_NAME_VAR (uninit_op),
	       "%qD may be used uninitialized in this function",
	       uninit_use_stmt, loc);
}

static bool
gate_warn_uninitialized (void)
{
  return warn_uninitialized || warn_maybe_uninitialized;
}

namespace {

const pass_data pass_data_late_warn_uninitialized =
{
  GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */
  "uninit", /* name */
  OPTGROUP_NONE, /* optinfo_flags */
  TV_NONE, /* tv_id */
  PROP_ssa, /* properties_required */
  0, /* properties_provided */
  0, /* properties_destroyed */
  0, /* todo_flags_start */
  0, /* todo_flags_finish */
};

class pass_late_warn_uninitialized : public gimple_opt_pass
{
public:
  pass_late_warn_uninitialized (gcc::context *ctxt)
    : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_late_warn_uninitialized, ctxt)
  {}

  /* opt_pass methods: */
  opt_pass *clone () { return new pass_late_warn_uninitialized (m_ctxt); }
  virtual bool gate (function *) { return gate_warn_uninitialized (); }
  virtual unsigned int execute (function *);

}; // class pass_late_warn_uninitialized

unsigned int
pass_late_warn_uninitialized::execute (function *fun)
{
  basic_block bb;
  gphi_iterator gsi;
  vec<gphi *> worklist = vNULL;

  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
  /* Re-do the plain uninitialized variable check, as optimization may have
     straightened control flow.  Do this first so that we don't accidentally
     get a "may be" warning when we'd have seen an "is" warning later.  */
  warn_uninitialized_vars (/*warn_maybe_uninitialized=*/1);

  timevar_push (TV_TREE_UNINIT);

  possibly_undefined_names = new hash_set<tree>;
  hash_set<gphi *> added_to_worklist;

  /* Initialize worklist  */
  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, fun)
    for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
      {
	gphi *phi = gsi.phi ();
	size_t n, i;

	n = gimple_phi_num_args (phi);

	/* Don't look at virtual operands.  */
	if (virtual_operand_p (gimple_phi_result (phi)))
	  continue;

	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	  {
	    tree op = gimple_phi_arg_def (phi, i);
	    if (TREE_CODE (op) == SSA_NAME && uninit_undefined_value_p (op))
	      {
		worklist.safe_push (phi);
		added_to_worklist.add (phi);
		if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
		  {
		    fprintf (dump_file, "[WORKLIST]: add to initial list: ");
		    print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, phi, 0);
		  }
		break;
	      }
	  }
      }

  while (worklist.length () != 0)
    {
      gphi *cur_phi = 0;
      cur_phi = worklist.pop ();
      warn_uninitialized_phi (cur_phi, &worklist, &added_to_worklist);
    }

  worklist.release ();
  delete possibly_undefined_names;
  possibly_undefined_names = NULL;
  free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
  timevar_pop (TV_TREE_UNINIT);
  return 0;
}

} // anon namespace

gimple_opt_pass *
make_pass_late_warn_uninitialized (gcc::context *ctxt)
{
  return new pass_late_warn_uninitialized (ctxt);
}

static unsigned int
execute_early_warn_uninitialized (void)
{
  /* Currently, this pass runs always but
     execute_late_warn_uninitialized only runs with optimization.  With
     optimization we want to warn about possible uninitialized as late
     as possible, thus don't do it here.  However, without
     optimization we need to warn here about "may be uninitialized".  */
  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);

  warn_uninitialized_vars (/*warn_maybe_uninitialized=*/!optimize);

  /* Post-dominator information cannot be reliably updated.  Free it
     after the use.  */

  free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
  return 0;
}

namespace {

const pass_data pass_data_early_warn_uninitialized =
{
  GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */
  "*early_warn_uninitialized", /* name */
  OPTGROUP_NONE, /* optinfo_flags */
  TV_TREE_UNINIT, /* tv_id */
  PROP_ssa, /* properties_required */
  0, /* properties_provided */
  0, /* properties_destroyed */
  0, /* todo_flags_start */
  0, /* todo_flags_finish */
};

class pass_early_warn_uninitialized : public gimple_opt_pass
{
public:
  pass_early_warn_uninitialized (gcc::context *ctxt)
    : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_early_warn_uninitialized, ctxt)
  {}

  /* opt_pass methods: */
  virtual bool gate (function *) { return gate_warn_uninitialized (); }
  virtual unsigned int execute (function *)
  {
    return execute_early_warn_uninitialized ();
  }

}; // class pass_early_warn_uninitialized

} // anon namespace

gimple_opt_pass *
make_pass_early_warn_uninitialized (gcc::context *ctxt)
{
  return new pass_early_warn_uninitialized (ctxt);
}