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1 | .\" -*- nroff -*- |
2 | .\" Copyright 1995 Yggdrasil Computing, Incorporated. | |
3 | .\" written by Adam J. Richter (adam@yggdrasil.com), | |
4 | .\" with typesetting help from Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com). | |
c11b1abf | 5 | .\" and Copyright 2003 Michael Kerrisk (mtk.manpages@gmail.com). |
fea681da MK |
6 | .\" |
7 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or | |
8 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
9 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
10 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
11 | .\" | |
12 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" | |
13 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
14 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
15 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
16 | .\" | |
17 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
18 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
19 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
20 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
21 | .\" | |
22 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public | |
23 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free | |
24 | .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, | |
25 | .\" USA. | |
26 | .\" | |
27 | .\" Modified by David A. Wheeler <dwheeler@dwheeler.com> 2000-11-28. | |
28 | .\" Applied patch by Terran Melconian, aeb, 2001-12-14. | |
29 | .\" Modified by Hacksaw <hacksaw@hacksaw.org> 2003-03-13. | |
30 | .\" Modified by Matt Domsch, 2003-04-09: _init and _fini obsolete | |
c11b1abf | 31 | .\" Modified by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> 2003-05-16. |
fea681da | 32 | .\" Modified by Walter Harms: dladdr, dlvsym |
27a61e86 | 33 | .\" Modified by Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, 2008-12-04: dladdr caveat |
fea681da | 34 | .\" |
450c8386 | 35 | .TH DLOPEN 3 2008-12-06 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
fea681da MK |
36 | .SH NAME |
37 | dladdr, dlclose, dlerror, dlopen, dlsym, dlvsym \- programming interface to | |
38 | dynamic linking loader | |
39 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
40 | .B #include <dlfcn.h> | |
41 | .sp | |
42 | .BI "void *dlopen(const char *" filename ", int " flag ); | |
43 | .sp | |
0daa9e92 | 44 | .B "char *dlerror(void);" |
fea681da MK |
45 | .sp |
46 | .BI "void *dlsym(void *" handle ", const char *" symbol ); | |
47 | .sp | |
48 | .BI "int dlclose(void *" handle ); | |
3f37321b MK |
49 | .sp |
50 | Link with \fI\-ldl\fP. | |
fea681da MK |
51 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
52 | The four functions | |
d355f1ed MK |
53 | .BR dlopen (), |
54 | .BR dlsym (), | |
55 | .BR dlclose (), | |
56 | .BR dlerror () | |
fea681da | 57 | implement the interface to the dynamic linking loader. |
86100362 | 58 | .SS "dlerror()" |
fea681da | 59 | The function |
d355f1ed | 60 | .BR dlerror () |
fea681da | 61 | returns a human readable string describing the most recent error |
c13182ef MK |
62 | that occurred from |
63 | .BR dlopen (), | |
64 | .BR dlsym () | |
65 | or | |
1e321034 | 66 | .BR dlclose () |
fea681da | 67 | since the last call to |
1368e847 | 68 | .BR dlerror (). |
fea681da MK |
69 | It returns NULL if no errors have occurred since initialization or since |
70 | it was last called. | |
86100362 | 71 | .SS "dlopen()" |
fea681da | 72 | The function |
d355f1ed | 73 | .BR dlopen () |
fea681da MK |
74 | loads the dynamic library file named by the null-terminated |
75 | string | |
76 | .I filename | |
77 | and returns an opaque "handle" for the dynamic library. | |
78 | If | |
79 | .I filename | |
80 | is NULL, then the returned handle is for the main program. | |
81 | If | |
82 | .I filename | |
83 | contains a slash ("/"), then it is interpreted as a (relative | |
84 | or absolute) pathname. | |
85 | Otherwise, the dynamic linker searches for the library as follows | |
86 | (see | |
87 | .BR ld.so (8) | |
88 | for further details): | |
86100362 | 89 | .IP o 4 |
fea681da MK |
90 | (ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program |
91 | contains a DT_RPATH tag, and does not contain a DT_RUNPATH tag, | |
92 | then the directories listed in the DT_RPATH tag are searched. | |
93 | .IP o | |
65f6a3ee | 94 | If, at the time that the program was started, the environment variable |
0daa9e92 | 95 | .B LD_LIBRARY_PATH |
65f6a3ee | 96 | was defined to contain a colon-separated list of directories, |
fea681da | 97 | then these are searched. |
c13182ef | 98 | (As a security measure this variable is ignored for set-user-ID and |
880f5b4b | 99 | set-group-ID programs.) |
fea681da MK |
100 | .IP o |
101 | (ELF only) If the executable file for the calling program | |
102 | contains a DT_RUNPATH tag, then the directories listed in that tag | |
103 | are searched. | |
104 | .IP o | |
105 | The cache file | |
0daa9e92 | 106 | .I /etc/ld.so.cache |
fea681da MK |
107 | (maintained by |
108 | .BR ldconfig (8)) | |
109 | is checked to see whether it contains an entry for | |
110 | .IR filename . | |
111 | .IP o | |
112 | The directories | |
c13182ef MK |
113 | .I /lib |
114 | and | |
115 | .I /usr/lib | |
fea681da MK |
116 | are searched (in that order). |
117 | .PP | |
118 | If the library has dependencies on other shared libraries, | |
119 | then these are also automatically loaded by the dynamic linker | |
c13182ef MK |
120 | using the same rules. |
121 | (This process may occur recursively, | |
fea681da MK |
122 | if those libraries in turn have dependencies, and so on.) |
123 | .PP | |
336e88f0 MK |
124 | One of the following two values must be included in |
125 | .IR flag : | |
126 | .TP | |
fea681da | 127 | .B RTLD_LAZY |
c13182ef | 128 | Perform lazy binding. |
a3a11667 | 129 | Only resolve symbols as the code that references them is executed. |
336e88f0 MK |
130 | If the symbol is never referenced, then it is never resolved. |
131 | (Lazy binding is only performed for function references; | |
132 | references to variables are always immediately bound when | |
133 | the library is loaded.) | |
134 | .TP | |
fea681da | 135 | .B RTLD_NOW |
336e88f0 | 136 | If this value is specified, or the environment variable |
fea681da | 137 | .B LD_BIND_NOW |
aa796481 | 138 | is set to a nonempty string, |
fea681da | 139 | all undefined symbols in the library are resolved before |
d355f1ed | 140 | .BR dlopen () |
c13182ef MK |
141 | returns. |
142 | If this cannot be done, an error is returned. | |
fea681da | 143 | .PP |
dfacdd0a | 144 | Zero or more of the following values may also be ORed in |
336e88f0 MK |
145 | .IR flag : |
146 | .TP | |
fea681da | 147 | .B RTLD_GLOBAL |
a3a11667 | 148 | The symbols defined by this library will be |
fea681da | 149 | made available for symbol resolution of subsequently loaded libraries. |
c13182ef | 150 | .TP |
336e88f0 | 151 | .B RTLD_LOCAL |
c13182ef | 152 | This is the converse of |
336e88f0 MK |
153 | .BR RTLD_GLOBAL , |
154 | and the default if neither flag is specified. | |
155 | Symbols defined in this library are not made available to resolve | |
156 | references in subsequently loaded libraries. | |
157 | .TP | |
c10859eb | 158 | .BR RTLD_NODELETE " (since glibc 2.2)" |
336e88f0 MK |
159 | Do not unload the library during |
160 | .BR dlclose (). | |
d9bfdb9c | 161 | Consequently, the library's static variables are not reinitialized |
c13182ef | 162 | if the library is reloaded with |
336e88f0 MK |
163 | .BR dlopen () |
164 | at a later time. | |
165 | This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001. | |
166 | .\" (But it is present on Solaris.) | |
167 | .TP | |
c10859eb | 168 | .BR RTLD_NOLOAD " (since glibc 2.2)" |
336e88f0 MK |
169 | Don't load the library. |
170 | This can be used to test if the library is already resident | |
171 | .RB ( dlopen () | |
172 | returns NULL if it is not, or the library's handle if it is resident). | |
c13182ef | 173 | This flag can also be used to promote the flags on a library |
336e88f0 MK |
174 | that is already loaded. |
175 | For example, a library that was previously loaded with | |
176 | .B RTLD_LOCAL | |
3b777aff | 177 | can be reopened with |
336e88f0 MK |
178 | .BR RTLD_NOLOAD\ |\ RTLD_GLOBAL . |
179 | This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001. | |
180 | .\" (But it is present on Solaris.) | |
181 | .\" | |
bba06189 MK |
182 | .TP |
183 | .BR RTLD_DEEPBIND " (since glibc 2.3.4)" | |
c13182ef | 184 | .\" Inimitably described by UD in |
a3a11667 | 185 | .\" http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2004-09/msg00083.html. |
c13182ef MK |
186 | Place the lookup scope of the symbols in this |
187 | library ahead of the global scope. | |
188 | This means that a self-contained library will use | |
189 | its own symbols in preference to global symbols with the same name | |
bba06189 MK |
190 | contained in libraries that have already been loaded. |
191 | This flag is not specified in POSIX.1-2001. | |
fea681da MK |
192 | .PP |
193 | If | |
194 | .I filename | |
195 | is a NULL pointer, then the returned handle is for the main program. | |
196 | When given to | |
d355f1ed | 197 | .BR dlsym (), |
fea681da MK |
198 | this handle causes a search for a symbol in the main program, |
199 | followed by all shared libraries loaded at program startup, | |
c13182ef | 200 | and then all shared libraries loaded by |
d355f1ed | 201 | .BR dlopen () |
fea681da | 202 | with the flag |
a5e0a0e4 | 203 | .BR RTLD_GLOBAL . |
fea681da MK |
204 | .PP |
205 | External references in the library are resolved using the libraries | |
206 | in that library's dependency list and any other libraries previously | |
c13182ef | 207 | opened with the |
fea681da MK |
208 | .B RTLD_GLOBAL |
209 | flag. | |
2bc2f479 MK |
210 | If the executable was linked with the flag "\-rdynamic" |
211 | (or, synonymously, "\-\-export\-dynamic"), | |
fea681da MK |
212 | then the global symbols in the executable will also be used |
213 | to resolve references in a dynamically loaded library. | |
214 | .PP | |
215 | If the same library is loaded again with | |
d355f1ed | 216 | .BR dlopen (), |
c13182ef MK |
217 | the same file handle is returned. |
218 | The dl library maintains reference | |
fea681da MK |
219 | counts for library handles, so a dynamic library is not |
220 | deallocated until | |
d355f1ed | 221 | .BR dlclose () |
fea681da | 222 | has been called on it as many times as |
d355f1ed | 223 | .BR dlopen () |
c13182ef MK |
224 | has succeeded on it. |
225 | The | |
86100362 | 226 | .BR _init () |
c13182ef MK |
227 | routine, if present, is only called once. |
228 | But a subsequent call with | |
fea681da MK |
229 | .B RTLD_NOW |
230 | may force symbol resolution for a library earlier loaded with | |
231 | .BR RTLD_LAZY . | |
232 | .PP | |
233 | If | |
d355f1ed | 234 | .BR dlopen () |
fea681da | 235 | fails for any reason, it returns NULL. |
86100362 | 236 | .SS "dlsym()" |
fea681da | 237 | The function |
d355f1ed | 238 | .BR dlsym () |
c13182ef | 239 | takes a "handle" of a dynamic library returned by |
28d88c17 MK |
240 | .BR dlopen () |
241 | and the | |
242 | null-terminated symbol name, returning the address where that symbol is | |
c13182ef MK |
243 | loaded into memory. |
244 | If the symbol is not found, in the specified | |
fea681da | 245 | library or any of the libraries that were automatically loaded by |
d355f1ed | 246 | .BR dlopen () |
fea681da | 247 | when that library was loaded, |
d355f1ed | 248 | .BR dlsym () |
fea681da MK |
249 | returns NULL. |
250 | (The search performed by | |
d355f1ed | 251 | .BR dlsym () |
fea681da MK |
252 | is breadth first through the dependency tree of these libraries.) |
253 | Since the value of the symbol could actually be NULL (so that a | |
254 | NULL return from | |
d355f1ed | 255 | .BR dlsym () |
fea681da MK |
256 | need not indicate an error), the correct way to test for an error |
257 | is to call | |
d355f1ed | 258 | .BR dlerror () |
fea681da | 259 | to clear any old error conditions, then call |
d355f1ed | 260 | .BR dlsym (), |
fea681da | 261 | and then call |
d355f1ed | 262 | .BR dlerror () |
fea681da MK |
263 | again, saving its return value into a variable, and check whether |
264 | this saved value is not NULL. | |
265 | .PP | |
266 | There are two special pseudo-handles, | |
267 | .B RTLD_DEFAULT | |
268 | and | |
269 | .BR RTLD_NEXT . | |
270 | The former will find the first occurrence of the desired symbol | |
c13182ef MK |
271 | using the default library search order. |
272 | The latter | |
fea681da | 273 | will find the next occurrence of a function in the search order |
c13182ef MK |
274 | after the current library. |
275 | This allows one to provide a wrapper | |
fea681da | 276 | around a function in another shared library. |
86100362 | 277 | .SS "dlclose()" |
fea681da | 278 | The function |
d355f1ed | 279 | .BR dlclose () |
fea681da MK |
280 | decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handle |
281 | .IR handle . | |
282 | If the reference count drops to zero and no other loaded libraries use | |
283 | symbols in it, then the dynamic library is unloaded. | |
284 | .LP | |
285 | The function | |
d355f1ed | 286 | .BR dlclose () |
c7094399 | 287 | returns 0 on success, and nonzero on error. |
86100362 | 288 | .SS "The obsolete symbols _init() and _fini()" |
fea681da MK |
289 | The linker recognizes special symbols |
290 | .B _init | |
291 | and | |
292 | .BR _fini . | |
293 | If a dynamic library exports a routine named | |
86100362 | 294 | .BR _init (), |
fea681da | 295 | then that code is executed after the loading, before |
d355f1ed | 296 | .BR dlopen () |
c13182ef MK |
297 | returns. |
298 | If the dynamic library exports a routine named | |
86100362 | 299 | .BR _fini (), |
fea681da | 300 | then that routine is called just before the library is unloaded. |
0425de01 | 301 | In case you need to avoid linking against the system startup files, |
86100362 MK |
302 | this can be done by using the |
303 | .BR gcc (1) | |
ea5a4ee4 | 304 | .I \-nostartfiles |
86100362 | 305 | command-line option. |
fea681da MK |
306 | .LP |
307 | Using these routines, or the gcc | |
f242322f | 308 | .B \-nostartfiles |
fea681da MK |
309 | or |
310 | .B \-nostdlib | |
c13182ef MK |
311 | options, is not recommended. |
312 | Their use may result in undesired behavior, | |
fea681da MK |
313 | since the constructor/destructor routines will not be executed |
314 | (unless special measures are taken). | |
315 | .\" void _init(void) __attribute__((constructor)); | |
316 | .\" void _fini(void) __attribute__((destructor)); | |
317 | .LP | |
318 | Instead, libraries should export routines using the | |
0daa9e92 | 319 | .B __attribute__((constructor)) |
fea681da | 320 | and |
0daa9e92 | 321 | .B __attribute__((destructor)) |
c13182ef MK |
322 | function attributes. |
323 | See the gcc info pages for information on these. | |
fea681da | 324 | Constructor routines are executed before |
e511ffb6 | 325 | .BR dlopen () |
fea681da | 326 | returns, and destructor routines are executed before |
e511ffb6 | 327 | .BR dlclose () |
fea681da | 328 | returns. |
7b1efcab | 329 | .SS Glibc extensions: dladdr() and dlvsym() |
fea681da MK |
330 | Glibc adds two functions not described by POSIX, with prototypes |
331 | .sp | |
332 | .nf | |
b80f966b | 333 | .BR "#define _GNU_SOURCE" " /* See feature_test_macros(7) */" |
fea681da MK |
334 | .B #include <dlfcn.h> |
335 | .sp | |
336 | .BI "int dladdr(void *" addr ", Dl_info *" info ); | |
337 | .sp | |
338 | .BI "void *dlvsym(void *" handle ", char *" symbol ", char *" version ); | |
339 | .fi | |
340 | .PP | |
341 | The function | |
d355f1ed | 342 | .BR dladdr () |
fea681da | 343 | takes a function pointer and tries to resolve name |
c13182ef MK |
344 | and file where it is located. |
345 | Information is stored in the | |
86100362 MK |
346 | .I Dl_info |
347 | structure: | |
fea681da | 348 | .sp |
088a639b | 349 | .in +4n |
fea681da MK |
350 | .nf |
351 | typedef struct { | |
5744c9e1 MK |
352 | const char *dli_fname; /* Pathname of shared object that |
353 | contains address */ | |
354 | void *dli_fbase; /* Address at which shared object | |
355 | is loaded */ | |
356 | const char *dli_sname; /* Name of nearest symbol with address | |
357 | lower than \fIaddr\fP */ | |
358 | void *dli_saddr; /* Exact address of symbol named | |
359 | in \fIdli_sname\fP */ | |
fea681da MK |
360 | } Dl_info; |
361 | .fi | |
86100362 | 362 | .in |
5744c9e1 MK |
363 | .PP |
364 | If no symbol matching | |
365 | .I addr | |
366 | could be found, then | |
367 | .I dli_sname | |
368 | and | |
369 | .I dli_saddr | |
370 | are set to NULL. | |
371 | .PP | |
d355f1ed | 372 | .BR dladdr () |
c7094399 | 373 | returns 0 on error, and nonzero on success. |
fea681da MK |
374 | .PP |
375 | The function | |
c343e74c MK |
376 | .BR dlvsym (), |
377 | provided by glibc since version 2.1, | |
fea681da | 378 | does the same as |
d355f1ed MK |
379 | .BR dlsym () |
380 | but takes a version string as an additional argument. | |
47297adb | 381 | .SH CONFORMING TO |
2b2581ee MK |
382 | POSIX.1-2001 describes |
383 | .BR dlclose (), | |
384 | .BR dlerror (), | |
385 | .BR dlopen (), | |
386 | and | |
387 | .BR dlsym (). | |
388 | .SH NOTES | |
097585ed MK |
389 | The symbols |
390 | .B RTLD_DEFAULT | |
391 | and | |
392 | .B RTLD_NEXT | |
393 | are defined by | |
2b2581ee | 394 | .I <dlfcn.h> |
c3dfd2c8 MK |
395 | only when |
396 | .B _GNU_SOURCE | |
397 | was defined before including it. | |
2b2581ee MK |
398 | .\" .LP |
399 | .\" The string returned by | |
400 | .\" .BR dlerror () | |
401 | .\" should not be modified. | |
402 | .\" Some systems give the prototype as | |
403 | .\" .sp | |
404 | .\" .in +5 | |
405 | .\" .B "const char *dlerror(void);" | |
406 | .\" .in | |
407 | ||
408 | Since glibc 2.2.3, | |
409 | .BR atexit (3) | |
410 | can be used to register an exit handler that is automatically | |
411 | called when a library is unloaded. | |
412 | .SS History | |
413 | The dlopen interface standard comes from SunOS. | |
414 | That system also has | |
415 | .BR dladdr (), | |
416 | but not | |
417 | .BR dlvsym (). | |
27a61e86 PB |
418 | .SH BUGS |
419 | Sometimes, the function pointers you pass to | |
420 | .BR dladdr () | |
421 | may surprise you. | |
422 | On some architectures (notably i386 and x86_64), | |
423 | .I dli_fname | |
424 | and | |
425 | .I dli_fbase | |
426 | may end up pointing back at the object from which you called | |
427 | .BR dladdr (), | |
428 | even if the function used as an argument should come from | |
429 | a dynamically linked library. | |
430 | .PP | |
431 | The problem is that the function pointer will still be resolved | |
432 | at compile time, but merely point to the | |
433 | .I plt | |
450c8386 | 434 | (Procedure Linkage Table) |
27a61e86 PB |
435 | section of the original object (which dispatches the call after |
436 | asking the dynamic linker to resolve the symbol). | |
450c8386 PB |
437 | To work around this, |
438 | you can try to compile the code to be position-independent: | |
1d2c48b3 | 439 | then, the compiler cannot prepare the pointer |
27a61e86 PB |
440 | at compile time anymore and today's |
441 | .BR gcc (1) | |
450c8386 PB |
442 | will generate code that just loads the final symbol address from the |
443 | .I got | |
27a61e86 PB |
444 | (Global Offset Table) at run time before passing it to |
445 | .BR dladdr (). | |
fea681da | 446 | .SH EXAMPLE |
9ff08aad | 447 | Load the math library, and print the cosine of 2.0: |
fea681da | 448 | .nf |
9ff08aad | 449 | |
fea681da | 450 | #include <stdio.h> |
b28f7a67 | 451 | #include <stdlib.h> |
fea681da MK |
452 | #include <dlfcn.h> |
453 | ||
c13182ef MK |
454 | int |
455 | main(int argc, char **argv) | |
cf0a9ace | 456 | { |
fea681da MK |
457 | void *handle; |
458 | double (*cosine)(double); | |
459 | char *error; | |
460 | ||
cf0a9ace | 461 | handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY); |
fea681da | 462 | if (!handle) { |
31a6818e | 463 | fprintf(stderr, "%s\en", dlerror()); |
4c44ffe5 | 464 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); |
fea681da MK |
465 | } |
466 | ||
467 | dlerror(); /* Clear any existing error */ | |
c73d7281 MK |
468 | |
469 | /* Writing: cosine = (double (*)(double)) dlsym(handle, "cos"); | |
680415af MK |
470 | would seem more natural, but the C99 standard leaves |
471 | casting from "void *" to a function pointer undefined. | |
29059a65 | 472 | The assignment used below is the POSIX.1\-2003 (Technical |
c73d7281 MK |
473 | Corrigendum 1) workaround; see the Rationale for the |
474 | POSIX specification of dlsym(). */ | |
475 | ||
fea681da | 476 | *(void **) (&cosine) = dlsym(handle, "cos"); |
680415af | 477 | .\" But in fact "gcc -O2 -Wall" will complain about the preceding cast. |
c73d7281 | 478 | |
fea681da | 479 | if ((error = dlerror()) != NULL) { |
31a6818e | 480 | fprintf(stderr, "%s\en", error); |
4c44ffe5 | 481 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); |
fea681da MK |
482 | } |
483 | ||
31a6818e | 484 | printf("%f\en", (*cosine)(2.0)); |
fea681da | 485 | dlclose(handle); |
5bc8c34c | 486 | exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); |
fea681da | 487 | } |
fea681da | 488 | .fi |
fea681da MK |
489 | .PP |
490 | If this program were in a file named "foo.c", you would build the program | |
491 | with the following command: | |
a6e2f128 | 492 | .in +4n |
fea681da | 493 | .LP |
f4398177 | 494 | gcc \-rdynamic \-o foo foo.c \-ldl |
a6e2f128 | 495 | .in |
fea681da | 496 | .PP |
86100362 MK |
497 | Libraries exporting |
498 | .BR _init () | |
988db661 | 499 | and |
86100362 MK |
500 | .BR _fini () |
501 | will want to be compiled as | |
502 | follows, using \fIbar.c\fP as the example name: | |
a6e2f128 | 503 | .in +4n |
fea681da | 504 | .LP |
f4398177 | 505 | gcc \-shared \-nostartfiles \-o bar bar.c |
a6e2f128 | 506 | .in |
47297adb | 507 | .SH SEE ALSO |
fea681da MK |
508 | .BR ld (1), |
509 | .BR ldd (1), | |
510 | .BR dl_iterate_phdr (3), | |
c18ecec9 | 511 | .BR rtld-audit (7), |
fea681da | 512 | .BR ld.so (8), |
173fe7e7 DP |
513 | .BR ldconfig (8) |
514 | ||
fea681da | 515 | ld.so info pages, gcc info pages, ld info pages |