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1 | .\" Copyright 1996 Daniel Quinlan (Daniel.Quinlan@linux.org) |
2 | .\" | |
e4a74ca8 | 3 | .\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later |
fea681da | 4 | .\" |
fbdc1844 | 5 | .\" 2007-12-14 mtk Added Reiserfs, XFS, JFS. |
118d6caa | 6 | .\" |
7bd6328f | 7 | .TH FILESYSTEMS 5 2020-12-21 "Linux man-pages (unreleased)" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
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8 | .nh |
9 | .SH NAME | |
ea36508a SA |
10 | filesystems \- Linux filesystem types: ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, hpfs, iso9660, |
11 | JFS, minix, msdos, ncpfs nfs, ntfs, proc, Reiserfs, smb, sysv, umsdos, vfat, | |
34891dc5 | 12 | XFS, xiafs |
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13 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
14 | When, as is customary, the | |
15 | .B proc | |
9ee4a2b6 | 16 | filesystem is mounted on |
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17 | .IR /proc , |
18 | you can find in the file | |
19 | .I /proc/filesystems | |
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20 | which filesystems your kernel currently supports; |
21 | see | |
22 | .BR proc (5) | |
23 | for more details. | |
114c822e ES |
24 | There is also a legacy |
25 | .BR sysfs (2) | |
9bb777a1 | 26 | system call (whose availability is controlled by the |
114c822e ES |
27 | .\" commit: 6af9f7bf3c399e0ab1eee048e13572c6d4e15fe9 |
28 | .B CONFIG_SYSFS_SYSCALL | |
29 | kernel build configuration option since Linux 3.15) | |
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30 | that enables enumeration of the currently available filesystem types |
31 | regardless of | |
114c822e ES |
32 | .I /proc |
33 | availability and/or sanity. | |
2dad4c59 | 34 | .PP |
9bb777a1 | 35 | If you need a currently unsupported filesystem, insert the corresponding |
40520efc | 36 | kernel module or recompile the kernel. |
9bb777a1 | 37 | .PP |
9ee4a2b6 | 38 | In order to use a filesystem, you have to |
fea681da | 39 | .I mount |
fbdc1844 | 40 | it; see |
114c822e ES |
41 | .BR mount (2) |
42 | and | |
fbdc1844 | 43 | .BR mount (8). |
2dad4c59 | 44 | .PP |
6ba949de | 45 | The following list provides a |
40520efc | 46 | short description of the available or historically available |
f5d65b55 | 47 | filesystems in the Linux kernel. |
40520efc | 48 | See the kernel documentation for a comprehensive |
5bc93c9f | 49 | description of all options and limitations. |
fbdc1844 | 50 | .TP 10 |
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51 | .B ext |
52 | is an elaborate extension of the | |
53 | .B minix | |
9ee4a2b6 | 54 | filesystem. |
c13182ef | 55 | It has been completely superseded by the second version |
9ee4a2b6 | 56 | of the extended filesystem |
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57 | .RB ( ext2 ) |
58 | and has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21). | |
59 | .TP | |
60 | .B ext2 | |
9ee4a2b6 | 61 | is the high performance disk filesystem used by Linux for fixed disks |
fea681da | 62 | as well as removable media. |
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63 | The second extended filesystem was designed as an extension of the |
64 | extended filesystem | |
fea681da | 65 | .RB ( ext ). |
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66 | See |
67 | .BR ext2 (5). | |
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68 | .TP |
69 | .B ext3 | |
c2c247dc SA |
70 | is a journaling version of the |
71 | .B ext2 | |
72 | filesystem. | |
c13182ef | 73 | It is easy to |
c2c247dc | 74 | switch back and forth between |
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75 | .B ext2 |
76 | and | |
77 | .BR ext3 . | |
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78 | See |
79 | .BR ext3 (5). | |
fea681da | 80 | .TP |
85c716cb | 81 | .B ext4 |
c2c247dc SA |
82 | is a set of upgrades to |
83 | .B ext3 | |
84 | including substantial performance and | |
85c716cb JB |
85 | reliability enhancements, |
86 | plus large increases in volume, file, and directory size limits. | |
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87 | See |
88 | .BR ext4 (5). | |
85c716cb | 89 | .TP |
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90 | .B hpfs |
91 | is the High Performance Filesystem, used in OS/2. | |
92 | This filesystem is | |
93 | read-only under Linux due to the lack of available documentation. | |
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94 | .TP |
95 | .B iso9660 | |
9ee4a2b6 | 96 | is a CD-ROM filesystem type conforming to the ISO 9660 standard. |
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97 | .RS |
98 | .TP | |
99 | .B "High Sierra" | |
100 | Linux supports High Sierra, the precursor to the ISO 9660 standard for | |
9ee4a2b6 | 101 | CD-ROM filesystems. |
c13182ef | 102 | It is automatically recognized within the |
fea681da | 103 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 104 | filesystem support under Linux. |
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105 | .TP |
106 | .B "Rock Ridge" | |
107 | Linux also supports the System Use Sharing Protocol records specified | |
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108 | by the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol. |
109 | They are used to further describe the files in the | |
fea681da | 110 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 111 | filesystem to a UNIX host, and provide information such as long |
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112 | filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and devices. |
113 | It is automatically recognized within the | |
fea681da | 114 | .B iso9660 |
9ee4a2b6 | 115 | filesystem support under Linux. |
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116 | .RE |
117 | .TP | |
ea36508a SA |
118 | .B JFS |
119 | is a journaling filesystem, developed by IBM, | |
120 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.24. | |
fea681da | 121 | .TP |
ea36508a SA |
122 | .B minix |
123 | is the filesystem used in the Minix operating system, the first to run | |
124 | under Linux. | |
ee8655b5 | 125 | It has a number of shortcomings, including a 64\ MB partition size |
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126 | limit, short filenames, and a single timestamp. |
127 | It remains useful for floppies and RAM disks. | |
128 | .TP | |
129 | .B msdos | |
130 | is the filesystem used by DOS, Windows, and some OS/2 computers. | |
131 | .B msdos | |
132 | filenames can be no longer than 8 characters, followed by an | |
133 | optional period and 3 character extension. | |
134 | .TP | |
135 | .B ncpfs | |
f5bb7e8e AZ |
136 | is a network filesystem that supports the NCP protocol, |
137 | used by Novell NetWare. | |
5bd94cbd | 138 | It was removed from the kernel in 4.17. |
bdd915e2 | 139 | .IP |
ea36508a SA |
140 | To use |
141 | .BR ncpfs , | |
142 | you need special programs, which can be found at | |
8c3293a1 | 143 | .UR ftp://ftp.gwdg.de\:/pub\:/linux\:/misc\:/ncpfs |
ea36508a | 144 | .UE . |
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145 | .TP |
146 | .B nfs | |
9ee4a2b6 | 147 | is the network filesystem used to access disks located on remote computers. |
fea681da | 148 | .TP |
ea36508a | 149 | .B ntfs |
1f8e1727 | 150 | is the filesystem native to Microsoft Windows NT, |
151 | supporting features like ACLs, journaling, encryption, and so on. | |
ea36508a SA |
152 | .TP |
153 | .B proc | |
154 | is a pseudo filesystem which is used as an interface to kernel data | |
155 | structures rather than reading and interpreting | |
156 | .IR /dev/kmem . | |
157 | In particular, its files do not take disk space. | |
158 | See | |
159 | .BR proc (5). | |
160 | .TP | |
161 | .B Reiserfs | |
162 | is a journaling filesystem, designed by Hans Reiser, | |
163 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.1. | |
164 | .TP | |
fea681da | 165 | .B smb |
9ee4a2b6 | 166 | is a network filesystem that supports the SMB protocol, used by |
fea681da | 167 | Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, and Lan Manager. |
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168 | See |
169 | .UR https://www.samba.org\:/samba\:/smbfs/ | |
608bf950 | 170 | .UE . |
fea681da | 171 | .TP |
ea36508a | 172 | .B sysv |
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173 | is an implementation of the System V/Coherent filesystem for Linux. |
174 | It implements all of Xenix FS, System V/386 FS, and Coherent FS. | |
ea36508a SA |
175 | .TP |
176 | .B umsdos | |
177 | is an extended DOS filesystem used by Linux. | |
178 | It adds capability for | |
179 | long filenames, UID/GID, POSIX permissions, and special files | |
23fadc9b | 180 | (devices, named pipes, etc.) under the DOS filesystem, without |
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181 | sacrificing compatibility with DOS. |
182 | .TP | |
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183 | .B tmpfs |
184 | is a filesystem whose contents reside in virtual memory. | |
185 | Since the files on such filesystems typically reside in RAM, | |
186 | file access is extremely fast. | |
187 | See | |
188 | .BR tmpfs (5). | |
189 | .TP | |
ea36508a | 190 | .B vfat |
39352d91 | 191 | is an extended FAT filesystem used by Microsoft Windows95 and Windows NT. |
ea36508a SA |
192 | .B vfat |
193 | adds the capability to use long filenames under the MSDOS filesystem. | |
194 | .TP | |
195 | .B XFS | |
196 | is a journaling filesystem, developed by SGI, | |
197 | that was integrated into Linux in kernel 2.4.20. | |
198 | .TP | |
199 | .B xiafs | |
200 | was designed and implemented to be a stable, safe filesystem by | |
201 | extending the Minix filesystem code. | |
202 | It provides the basic most | |
203 | requested features without undue complexity. | |
204 | The | |
205 | .B xiafs | |
206 | filesystem is no longer actively developed or maintained. | |
207 | It was removed from the kernel in 2.1.21. | |
47297adb | 208 | .SH SEE ALSO |
4675c4ed | 209 | .BR fuse (4), |
091771e9 | 210 | .BR btrfs (5), |
eaf09625 SA |
211 | .BR ext2 (5), |
212 | .BR ext3 (5), | |
213 | .BR ext4 (5), | |
091771e9 | 214 | .BR nfs (5), |
fea681da | 215 | .BR proc (5), |
aa02339c | 216 | .BR sysfs (5), |
091771e9 | 217 | .BR tmpfs (5), |
aa02339c | 218 | .BR xfs (5), |
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219 | .BR fsck (8), |
220 | .BR mkfs (8), | |
221 | .BR mount (8) |