crypt.3
mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch
Describe additional encryption algorithms.
- See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
+ See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
errno.3
mtk
Michael Kerrisk
Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit
Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became
- settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
- compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
- was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
- Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
- of 32 pages is guaranteed.
+ settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
+ compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
+ was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
+ Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
+ of 32 pages is guaranteed.
For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in
- kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
+ kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101,
checked into 2.6.25 as
- commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
+ commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX.
Michael Kerrisk
Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2)
Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a
- wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
- potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
- the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
- syscall() is used.
+ wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
+ potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
+ the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
+ syscall() is used.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface
Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the
low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to
- posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
+ posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
getdents.2
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/linux_dirent/
The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers,
- and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
+ and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
was already used in some, but not all, places in this page).
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split umount*() out into a separate page
The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult
- to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
- umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
- its own page.
+ to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
+ umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
+ its own page.
pause.2
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/
Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the
- kernel sources.
+ kernel sources.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words "which may change"
These words are slightly bogus: although the interface
- is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
- should never be changing this interface.
+ is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
+ should never be changing this interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove header files from SYNOPSIS
glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2),
Michael Kerrisk
These interfaces have per-thread semantics
- The page was previously fuzzy about whether the these interfaces
+ The page was previously fuzzy about whether these interfaces
have process-wide or per-thread semantics. (E.g., now the
page states that the calling *thread* (not process) is suspended
until the signal is delivered.)
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined
The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals
- and process-wide pending signals.
+ and process-wide pending signals.
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
hsearch.3
André Goddard Rosa
Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(),
- for the sake of completeness
+ for the sake of completeness
mq_getattr.3
Michael Kerrisk
added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.)
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point
- In POSIX.1-2009, this function moves from the "must be"
+ In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be"
to the "may be" list.
Michael Kerrisk
Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Howells]
Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
- This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
+ This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran]
Neil Horman
Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option
Michael Kerrisk
- Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
+ Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
New and changed links
"fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the
piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2)
that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages
- project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
+ project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
(g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really
- belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
- covers the same command. After discussions on the
- coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
- man-pages.
+ belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
+ covers the same command. After discussions on the
+ coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
+ man-pages.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
_POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
- obsolete bu _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
+ obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
in the feature test macro requirements section of the
SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Word "descriptor" more precisely
- Use either "file descriptor" or message queue descriptor".
+ Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Remove console(4) references
0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
- to concole_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
+ to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
console_ioctl.4
Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
Michael Kerrisk
Expand discussion of socket permissions
Michael Kerrisk
- Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX doain socket
+ Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
Michael Kerrisk
Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
but the text is ambiguous.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
+Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
+Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Updated information regarding disk quota flags
+ Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
+ of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
+ publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
+ Added information regarding structure definitions used for
+ XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
+ information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
+ usage of kernel UAPI header.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Additions regarding project quotas
+ Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
+
+bswap.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Jann Horn
+ Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
+ CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
+ a good interface.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+bswap_16.3
+bswap_32.3
+bswap_64.3
+ New link to new bswap.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix section ordering
+ Various pages had sections in an order different from
+ that prescribed in man-pages(7).
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+ Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
+ within the section.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from page self reference
+ Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
+ and include a section number in that reference. Such references
+ cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
+ page.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
+ Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
+ DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix kernel version references
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+clone.2
+ Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
+ Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
+ Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
+ These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
+ Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
+ the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
+ raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
+ Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
+ If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
+ file offset and status flags via the open file description.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention kcmp() under notes
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Mike Crowe
+ Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS information
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
+ F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
+ the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
+ are used for subsequent permission checks.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
+ Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
+ integrity completion.
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+getsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description to be somewhat clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the definition of "session ID"
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
+ The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
+ in vdso(7).
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
+
+mlock.2
+ Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
+ Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
+ Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
+ Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
+ Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
+ /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
+ program to handle that possibility.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
+ Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
+ Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
+
+select_tut.2
+ Peter Wu
+ Fix various issues in example program
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to credentials(7)
+
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
+ Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
+ a controlling terminal.
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add get_thread_area() to NAME
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
+ Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
+ There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
+ not provide a waitpid() system call.
+
+bindresvport.3
+rcmd.3
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+
+byteorder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
+
+endian.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
+ Correct feature test macro requirements
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
+
+getumask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
+ not 200112L.
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
+ Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
+ Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
+ Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
+
+resolver.3
+ Ray Bellis
+ Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
+ People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
+ context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
+ If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
+ symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
+ Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
+ than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
+ in an earlier commit message.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
+ Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
+ of /proc/PID files.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
+ These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
+ Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
+ Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
+
+glob.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
+ Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
+ Document FIONREAD
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+ Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
+ a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
+ kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
+ The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
+ than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
+ where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
+ Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of LD_DEBUG
+ Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
+ categories can be specified.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
+ libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
+ with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
+ following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of "ELF only"
+ Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
+ ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
+ with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-12-12, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
+Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com>
+Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
+Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
+Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com>
+Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
+Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
+Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2)
+
+pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+strfromd.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3)
+ The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class
+ of functions that convert a float-point value to string.
+
+fuse.4
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing /dev/fuse
+ This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after
+ playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully
+ incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working
+ on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the
+ near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a
+ handy reference for others looking at this interface.
+
+ [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page,
+ it's a good base for future extension.]
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem
+
+pkeys.7
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget]
+ New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness
+ Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
+ as well as new material.
+
+sock_diag.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin
+ New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface
+
+close.2
+getpriority.2
+nice.2
+timer_create.2
+timerfd_create.2
+random.4
+elf.5
+proc.5
+sched.7
+ Various authors
+ These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under
+ "Changes to individual pages".
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN
+
+mprotect.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support
+ Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context
+ switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
+ Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as
+ /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new
+ EOVERFLOW error return.
+ Dave Hansen
+ PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES
+ It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS)
+ are lost.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith]
+ Document the autogroup feature
+ Includes documenting autogroup nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases
+ When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros)
+ there are many traditional use cases where the nice value
+ ceases to have any effect.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to relocated killpg(3) page
+
+pkey_free.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page
+
+pkey_mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to mprotect(2)
+
+pthread_setattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+
+strfromf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+strfroml.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details
+ It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away.
+ Remove some ancient details from the pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t'
+ We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion.
+
+adjtimex.2
+clock_getres.2
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8)
+
+bind.2
+connect.2
+getpeername.2
+getsockname.2
+getsockopt.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2)
+ The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated
+ across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2),
+ where some details about this type are provided.
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chmod(1)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chroot(1)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
+ TID before clone() returns to user space
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner]
+ Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling
+ Further clarify that an error return should be used only
+ for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error
+ Looking at some historical source code suggests
+ that the "close() always closes regardless of error return"
+ behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems
+
+fallocate.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document behavior with shared blocks
+ Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to
+ guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC.
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW
+ To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit
+ in fanotify_mark().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size
+ Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps
+ the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in
+ Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached
+
+fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval]
+ Fix the discussion of maximum sizes
+ Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and
+ src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect
+ what's actually in the kernel.
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(3)
+ fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3)
+ and fsync(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fflush(3)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Andrew Clayton
+ FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hostname(1)
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of getpriority() return value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ to the permitted range.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of setpriority() return value
+
+getpriority.2
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7)
+ Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical.
+
+getrandom.2
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness
+ Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
+ spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
+ opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
+ somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
+ page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
+ expressed about the existing text in random(4).
+ [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new
+ random(7) page.]
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove material incorporated into random(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kill(1)
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter]
+ Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute
+
+mbind.2
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1)
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific
+
+nice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance
+ Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the
+ raw system call (still) returns 0 on success.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE
+ This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text
+ a little.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add cycles field in LBR records
+ Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
+ last branch records.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update time_shift sample code
+ Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits
+
+ptrace.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps
+ In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and
+ syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and
+ their interaction with the various forms of restart.
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels
+
+reboot.2
+ Wang Long
+ Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value
+ The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7).
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange]
+ Mention SCHED_DEADLINE
+ Give the reader a clue that there is another policy
+ available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document changed interaction with ptrace
+ Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again
+ after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters
+
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat list of modes
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+ List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery
+ of autogrouping.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+sync_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description for ESPIPE error
+ A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect()
+ New system calls in Linux 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ppc_swapcontext(2)
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add unlink(2)
+
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add touch(1)
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4().
+
+atof.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+ctime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add glibc error text for EILSEQ
+
+fclose.3
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(2)
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+isalpha.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+killpg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move killpg.2 from section to section 3
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value of M_PERTURB
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character
+ Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character
+ is found at end of the input buffer.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Improve language relating to "initial state"
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add missing include to example program
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172
+
+mq_close.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3)
+
+mq_open.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open()
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF
+
+printf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far)
+
+remainder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
+ has been fixed in glibc 2.15.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors
+ The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
+ was fixed in glibc 2.15.
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics
+
+strtod.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
+ was fixed in glibc 2.19.
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Add RETURN VALUE section
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Properly document tmpnam_r(3)
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes
+ Miroslav Koskar
+ Add K_OFF keyboard mode
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to new random(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework formatting of /proc interfaces
+ Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
+ descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget]
+ Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom
+ This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
+ serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
+ suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
+ (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only
+ suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
+ since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming
+ language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
+ security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
+ kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o]
+ Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals
+ The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
+ /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from
+ /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing.
+ If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
+ there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
+ handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
+ reflect this.
+
+elf.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add subsection headers at major points
+ The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
+ with no real visual break up between logically independent
+ sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
+ read and scan.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document notes
+ Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that
+ contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only
+ included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not
+ defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fuse(4)
+
+proc.5
+ Dave Hansen
+ Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files
+ sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
+ and /proc/PID/autogroup.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output
+
+proc.5
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7)
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer]
+ Timeout does not map to resolver API calls
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add users(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shadow(5)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5
+ Just for historical interest. Details taken from
+ http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html.
+
+mdoc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7)
+ This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written
+ before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page.
+ Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page.
+
+netlink.7
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Add references to sock_diag(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum]
+ Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and
+ /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give the page a more generic NAME
+ The page isn't just about APIs.
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "example.com" as example domain
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-03-13, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
+Alex <psybin@riseup.net>
+Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
+Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com>
+Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com>
+Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com>
+Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com>
+Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com>
+KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com>
+Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
+Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net>
+Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
+Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me>
+Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net>
+Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+add_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Major improvements and additions
+ The page has doubled in length.
+
+ioctl_iflags.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau]
+ A vast number of additions and improvements
+ The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over
+ 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface
+ provided by this system call.
+
+getentropy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getentropy(3)
+ getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25.
+
+keyrings.7
+ David Howells
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/keys
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/key-users
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc files that define key quotas
+
+persistent-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various clean-ups and additions
+
+process-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and improvements
+
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ The page is now three times its former length.
+
+session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and additions
+
+signal-safety.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from
+ signal(7). Along the way some more details got added.
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+
+thread-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+user-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and improvements
+
+user-session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25)
+ Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+explicit_bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to bzero.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clone() does not execute fork handlers
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support was added in version 2.25
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Document E2BIG errors
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object"
+ Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7).
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Brian Masney
+ Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate extra E2BIG error text
+ Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
+ was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
+ the two texts.
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions
+ The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
+ for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
+ since the reader can then deduce how things work.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance
+
+mbind.2
+ Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update MPOL_BIND description
+ The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3)
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mincore(2)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type
+
+nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "creeping sleep" problem
+ nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
+ signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
+ Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
+ provides a solution.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX
+
+poll.2
+select.2
+ Nicolas Biscos
+ Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2)
+ A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that
+ discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's
+ sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being
+ done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs).
+ As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for
+ the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future
+ writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make
+ the same mistake.
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+ It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about
+ /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize some text
+ Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES.
+ Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more
+ obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore'
+ Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view
+ of which pages of a file are currently cached.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull]
+ Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mincore(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread
+ Keno Fischer
+ Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Omar Sandoval
+ Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo]
+ Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read
+ Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read
+ to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler.
+ That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)!
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file
+ There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat]
+ Remove duplicate paragraph
+ man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing
+ paragraph. Remove that duplicate.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7)
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7)
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries
+ See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals
+ Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid
+ memory access can be caught only with a handler.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting
+
+statfs.2
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Add more filesystem types
+ Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add endian details with 64-bit splitting
+ Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
+ usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
+ means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the
+ readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
+ way more common than big endian).
+
+ Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
+ to.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs
+ While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
+ they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
+ than expose the padding to userspace.
+
+tkill.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files
+
+vfork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the child should not call exit(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some caveats re the use of vfork()
+ Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/.
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)
+
+bcmp.3
+bcopy.3
+bzero.3
+memccpy.3
+memchr.3
+memcmp.3
+memcpy.3
+memfrob.3
+memmem.3
+memmove.3
+memset.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller]
+ Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname'
+ For consistency with open(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection headings for each function
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: better error handling
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic]
+ EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input
+ Jann Horn
+ Document ENOMEM error case
+ see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better variable name in example program
+
+getmntent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin]
+ Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of error handling and reporting
+ The existing description was hard to understand. Break
+ it into a bullet list that separates out the details
+ in a manner that is easier to parse.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Remove some redundant text
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page
+ Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
+ having to refer to mq_getattr(3).
+
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro
+ The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the
+ __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high()
+ definitions.
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'q' length modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer]
+ Fix a small bug in example code
+ Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
+ precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
+ all cases.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3))
+
+random.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument
+ The information was a bit hidden in NOTES.
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak]
+ 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some usage notes for setstate_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf'
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated
+ These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they
+ are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+resolver.3
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson]
+ Fix errors in example program
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/848231.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve logic of the example program
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions
+
+sem_post.3
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia]
+ Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting
+ This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description
+ of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains
+ the historical details.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner]
+ Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection
+ The existing text is not a bug, as such.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: minor reworking
+
+strerror.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()
+ Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
+ strerror_r() and strerror_l().
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari]
+ Fix comparison error in example program
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system()
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen]
+ Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The target of core dump piping can also be a script
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5)
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems
+ There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various
+ pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems.
+ Change intro(5) to reflect that.
+
+ Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior
+ /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
+ *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors
+ Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
+ that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler]
+ Add subsection with notes to kernel developers
+ Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose
+ which capability should govern a new kernel feature.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(8)
+
+man.7
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs
+ Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types
+ Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the
+ default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED.
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: rename the example program
+ Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded
+ in various ways in the future.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2)
+
+netlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_RDMA to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update libnl homepage URL
+ The original URL is 404.
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Keno Fischer
+ CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages
+ The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
+ is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
+ See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+ A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive
+ in the auxiliary vector.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call"
+ This is the more typical definition.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a name for SIGEMT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko]
+ Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC
+ This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page
+ was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau]
+ Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
+Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
+Frank Theile
+Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
+Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de>
+Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport
+ New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd
+
+statx.2
+ David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger]
+ New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
+ New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call.
+
+pthread_atfork.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing pthread_atfork(3)
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality
+ There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page
+ was in any case hugely out of date.
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with information about inodes
+ David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of
+ the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication
+ by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2)
+ to a new page.
+
+
+Renamed pages
+--------------
+
+ioctl_console.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from console_ioctl.4
+ Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there
+ for consistency.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note type of 'argp' for a various operations
+ For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type
+ of the 'argp' argument.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from tty_ioctl(4)
+ All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this
+ page consistent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9
+
+socket.7
+ Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_INCOMING_CPU
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2)
+
+chmod.2
+fsync.2
+mkdir.2
+mknod.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+umask.2
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add/replace references to inode(7)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC
+ Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
+ the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
+ is ENOSPC.
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero
+ 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and
+ EPOLLERR to be reported.
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper"
+ It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes
+ are inherited by PID 1.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals
+ Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can
+ be employed with file seals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files
+ As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to
+ memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment
+ and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds
+ the following line that applies to all new shmem files:
+
+ info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+ Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this
+ setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create):
+
+ if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)
+ info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3)
+
+getdents.2
+open.2
+stat.2
+statx.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inode(7)
+
+getdtablesize.2
+attr.5
+ Alexander Miller
+ Move .so directive to first line
+ Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools
+ that process man page files.
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann]
+ BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document ENOTTY
+
+kexec_load.2
+sched_setaffinity.2
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2)
+ Both of these pages discuss file holes.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems
+ MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have
+ appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here
+ mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to
+ be relevant long ago. So, remove this text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of POLLPRI
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+prctl.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement
+ The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it
+ up to all users.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior
+ The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not
+ zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell]
+ Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask'
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument
+ As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures,
+ it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals
+
+socketcall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document call argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information migrated to inode(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "Other systems" subsection
+ These details about other systems were added in 1999,
+ and were probably of limited use then, and even less today.
+ However, they do clutter the page, so remove them.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some subsection headings to ease readability
+ David Howells
+ ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf')
+ Marcin Ślusarz
+ Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH
+ Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something
+ other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap
+ the order of sentences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add membarrier(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux 4.11 added statx()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Add correct header file for explicit_bzero()
+
+cfree.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of zombie processes
+
+getentropy.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer]
+ Correct header file
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration
+
+grantpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do
+
+insque.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add queue(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add insque(3)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5)
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms]
+ Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1)
+
+ttyname.3
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document ENODEV error code
+ Christian Brauner
+ NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Jan Heberer
+ RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description
+ Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to
+ -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Florian Weimer
+ Mention sudoers
+ It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry
+ Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to
+ that page.
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes
+
+environ.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR
+ tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike
+ tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp.
+
+hostname.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use lower case for hostname example
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use generic names in examples
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe accepted characters for hostname
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss]
+ Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Stephan Bergmann
+ Fixes to example
+ While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the
+ user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things:
+
+ * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before
+ looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print
+ information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real
+ init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped.
+
+ * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the
+ child before exec'ing.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
+
+pty.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2)
+ Chema Gonzalez
+ tcp_abc was removed in 3.9
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+ People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link
+ to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache
+
+zdump.8
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add OPTIONS section heading
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-07-13, London
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
+Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
+Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
+Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
+Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
+Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
+lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
+Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
+石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
+ Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
+ (disk-based) filesystem.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
+ The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
+ epoll_ctl().
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
+ SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
+
+getpid.2
+ Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
+ Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
+
+ Rationale given in the release notes:
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix ordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: order alphabetically
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
+ but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
+
+membarrier.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
+
+mount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
+ MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
+ flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
+ uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
+ per-filesystem flag.
+
+ So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
+ MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
+
+seccomp.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
+ In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
+ ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
+ implementation:
+
+ if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
+ return (set_errno(EINVAL));
+
+ And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
+
+ if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
+ return (EINVAL);
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
+ for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
+ And it was not needed :-(.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor reworking of the text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
+
+splice.2
+tee.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
+
+acosh.3
+asinh.3
+atanh.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
+ dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
+ loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
+ (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
+ understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the code example, and show sample output
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List values for the 'p_type' field
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
+
+flockfile.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an errors section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
+
+grantpt.3
+ptsname.3
+unlockpt.3
+ Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Douglas Caetano dos Santos
+ Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
+ POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
+ corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
+ Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
+
+strtol.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention 0X prefix
+ The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
+
+ See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
+ Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
+ who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
+ is not changed on a successful return.
+
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix error in feature test macro requirements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ DJ Delorie
+ Clarify group merge rules
+ This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
+ and how duplicate entries are merged.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
+ Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
+ SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
+ Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further explanation of the example shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a bug in shell session example
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
+
+man.7
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention signal.h header file
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
+ Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
+ (Change was in Linux 3.8.)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
+ Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
+ Ruben Kerkhof
+ Change default value of tcp_frto
+ The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
+ (Linux 2.6.24).
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+ ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+
+ Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
+ The most recent question was here:
+ https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
+
+ We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
+ situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
+ immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
+ Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
+ paragraph, to make it more obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
+ In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
+ directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
+ a library to be marked in this way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
+ Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
+Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
+Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
+Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
+Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
+Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
+Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_mutex_consistent.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
+ New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
+ Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
+ over time.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
+ Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
+ F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
+ Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ The preferred form is
+
+ .PP/.IP
+ .in +4n
+ .EX
+ <code>
+ .EE
+ .in
+ .PP/.IP
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
+ Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
+ than in code examples), since they create large vertical
+ spaces between text blocks.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Use en-dash for ranges
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
+
+add_key.2
+backtrace.3
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update Linux documentation pointers
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
+ There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
+ kernel version to 4.12.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
+ This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Thiago Jung Bauermann
+ Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
+
+getrlimit.2
+mmap.2
+malloc.3
+ Jonas Grabber
+ RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the operation of robust futex lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update uffdio_api.features description
+ There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
+ for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
+ space would like to enable.
+
+io_submit.2
+ Sage Weil
+ Acknowledge possibility of short return
+ Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
+ if not all iocbs were queued at once.
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
+ These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update kernel documentation path reference
+
+move_pages.2
+ Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
+ Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
+
+open.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Improve O_PATH documentation
+ - fstatfs is now permitted.
+ - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
+ - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
+ triggering the mount.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ptrace.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
+ Fix an off-by-one error in example code
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
+ Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
+
+_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
+ A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
+ page isn't very useful...
+
+sysfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
+
+umount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise MNT_FORCE description
+ MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
+ MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
+ transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
+
+ Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
+
+unshare.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
+
+cmsg.3
+ Sukadev Bhattiprolu
+ Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
+
+crypt.3
+ Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
+
+exp2.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation
+
+log1p.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
+
+matherr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
+
+pow10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
+ Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
+ starting with version 2.27.
+
+sincos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
+
+cciss.4
+hpsa.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
+ Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
+ During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
+ removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
+ some legacy board support.
+
+initrd.4
+proc.5
+bootparam.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
+
+initrd.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
+
+intro.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to existing locales for encoding details
+ Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
+ explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
+ proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
+ existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
+ exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
+
+proc.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
+ This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
+ according to historic Linux repository commit log.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of timer_stats file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show command used to mount /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+ This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
+ tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
+ The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
+ Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
+ format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
+ improvements in the part of the man page.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
+ Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
+ file capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
+ Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
+
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document description restriction for logon keys
+ "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
+ prefix in key descriptions.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add pointers to kernel's documentation
+ Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
+ security/keys for some reason.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
+
+netlink.7
+ David Wilder
+ Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
+ Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
+
+tcp.7
+ Vincent Bernat
+ tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
+ And it is completely broken.
+
+unicode.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
+Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
+Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
+Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
+David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
+Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
+Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
+Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
+Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
+Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
+Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
+Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
+Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
+Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
+Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
+Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
+Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
+Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_spin_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
+ Florian Weimer]
+ New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_spin_lock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
+ Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
+ and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
+
+veth.4
+ Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
+ Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
+
+
+Removed pages
+-------------
+
+infnan.3:
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
+ of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
+ ago. Time to remove the man page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+userfaultfd.2
+ Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
+ Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
+
+madvise.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
+ Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Mike Kravetz
+ Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
+ hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
+ and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
+ support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+proc.5
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
+ Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/locks
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Document /proc/kpagecgroup
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_spin_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
+
+pthread_spin_trylock.3
+pthread_spin_unlock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
+ When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
+ not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
+ "x86-64" predominant.
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
+ People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
+ to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
+ "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
+
+ In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
+ still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
+ one is supposed to be comparing.
+
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a redundant paragraph
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NFS details to a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
+ Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
+
+fork.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
+
+fork.2
+getsid.2
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Ahmad Fatoum
+ Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
+
+fsync.2
+ Craig Ringer
+ ERRORS: add ENOSPC
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
+ Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
+ https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information for feature bits
+
+io_submit.2
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add iocb details to io_submit
+ Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
+ fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
+ io_submit() call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update example to take TSO into account
+ The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
+ x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
+ ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
+ explicit barriers on TSO.
+
+ So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
+ architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
+ barriers on x86.
+
+ Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
+ reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
+ configured for nohz_full.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the limit for size of 'name'
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
+ Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
+ the main text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
+
+mremap.2
+ Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
+ Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
+ Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
+ mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
+ the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
+ mapping'.
+
+ A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
+ duplicate a private mapping will fail.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
+ BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
+ Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
+ follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
+ for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
+ Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
+ operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
+ read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
+ should require read permission.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
+ /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
+ NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
+ Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
+ rather than a promise.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
+ Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Breno Leitao
+ Fix argument order
+ Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
+ first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
+ The second argument is the one that should specify the
+ page access rights.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
+ The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
+ the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
+ reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
+ SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
+ wait() in the parent process.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
+ [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
+ wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
+ Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "default" filter return action
+ The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
+ return action values.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
+ In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
+ switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
+ SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
+ to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
+
+send.2
+ Grégory Vander Schueren
+ Add EALREADY to ERRORS
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Yubin Ruan
+ Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
+ Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
+ a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
+ information about the ucontext argument.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit error handling to example code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add use of sigaction() to example code
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
+ Use lstat() instead of stat()
+ It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
+ since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
+ also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
+ NeilBrown
+ Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
+ Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
+ functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
+ Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
+ respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
+ the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comments describing a few filesystem types
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
+ Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
+ Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
+
+write.2
+fsync.2
+close.2
+ NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
+ Update description of error codes
+ Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
+ to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
+
+ Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
+ EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
+ in particular.
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
+
+backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
+ Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
+ backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
+ POSIX.1-2001.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
+ a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
+ text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
+ Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
+ time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
+ cause problems with modern C libraries.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some missing errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
+ POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
+ the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
+ than nonzero.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
+ Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
+ readability. No (intentional) content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
+ Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
+ Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
+ to add error numbers to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
+ Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
+ search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
+ PATH is not defined.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
+ Cristian Rodríguez
+ fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
+
+lround.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
+ Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
+
+makedev.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix the example
+ Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
+ functions that were declared in this header.
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
+ All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
+ As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
+ meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
+ threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
+ that possible misreading.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
+ The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix cruft in code example
+
+stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper section cross references in function list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+ and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
+ Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
+ RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
+ Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
+ Marcus Folkesson
+ Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+arp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
+
+fifo.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
+
+hier.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
+
+icmp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Add a use case for real minus character
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
+ Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
+ PID namespaces.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
+ Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new 340 line idmap limit
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ Simplify language around conferring capabilities
+ The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
+ to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
+ confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
+ simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
+Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
+Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
+QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
+Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
+Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing network namespaces
+ Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the VSOCK socket address family
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'release_agent' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Standardize on "nonzero"
+ Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Library support was added in glibc 2.27
+ Shawn Landden
+ glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
+ Florian Weimer
+ EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EISDIR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
+
+fcntl.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
+ If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
+ affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
+
+mmap.2
+ John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
+ MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
+ MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
+ page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
+ John Hubbard
+ MAP_FIXED updated documentation
+ -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
+ enough detail to allow avoiding them.
+
+ -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
+
+ -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
+
+mount.2
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Point out that error handling is unreliable
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
+ fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
+
+fuse.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
+
+veth.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add network_namespaces(7)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
+ Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
+ the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
+ The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
+ Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
+ capabilities on a file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
+ effective sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
+ * Mention kernel versions.
+ * Place current kernel behavior first
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Add information about RDMA controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
+
+ip.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
+ INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
+ INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
+ byte-order neutral.
+
+namespaces.7
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
+ Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
+ The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
+ priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
+ (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
+ pthread_setschedprio().)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
+Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
+Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
+Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
+Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
+ Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
+ Linux 4.16:
+
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
+ alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+
+mmap.2
+ Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
+ Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
+ Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
+ 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
+ the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
+
+readv.2
+io_submit.2
+ Jürg Billeter
+ Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe file capability versioning
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document namespaced-file capabilities
+ [There's still more work to be done on this new text]
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
+ And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
+ This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
+ forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
+ This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
+ explicitly.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
+
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
+ Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
+ range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
+ be used otherwise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
+ This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
+ unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
+ move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
+ the reader to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
+ As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
+ with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
+
+msgget.2
+semget.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
+ This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
+ could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
+ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
+
+open.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Song Liu
+ Add type kprobe and uprobe
+ Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
+ perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
+ uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
+ information about these types.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
+ The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
+ usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
+ describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
+ harder to understand.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant sentence
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
+ On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
+ architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
+ which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
+ over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
+ execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
+
+shutdown.2
+ Carsten Grohmann
+ SEE ALSO: add close(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ Add riscv
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
+ Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
+ These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
+
+crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
+ The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
+ case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
+ libxcrypt.
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
+ ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve EPIPE error text
+
+getcwd.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Frederic Brault
+ Note default thread stack size for several architectures
+
+tsearch.3
+ Jann Horn
+ Clarify items vs nodes
+ The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
+ item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
+ corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
+ pointer to a pointer to the data item.
+
+ Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
+ sentence.
+ Jann Horn
+ tdelete() can return dangling pointers
+ POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
+ return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
+ returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
+ Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
+ that must not be accessed.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document current mount options
+ Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
+ Style was based on proc(5) sections.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
+ The mount options are now described in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe 'mpol' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'huge' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document mpol=local mount option
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
+ Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
+ When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
+ the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
+ should be compared. This point was already made clear in
+ ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+ /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
+ child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to unix(7)
+ For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
+
+posixoptions.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand XSI Options groups
+ We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
+ and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
+
+ The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
+ realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
+ streams, and legacy interfaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
+ Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
+ remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
+ The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
+ Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
+ gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
+ the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Make lack of separator escaping explicit
+ Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
+ (such as \:) to workaround it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.00 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-03-06, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Manzanares <adam.manzanares@wdc.com>
+Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alessandro Vesely <vesely@tana.it>
+Alexander E. Patrakov <patrakov@gmail.com>
+Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
+Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
+Anatoly Borodin <anatoly.borodin@gmail.com>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Westfeld <andreas.westfeld@htw-dresden.de>
+Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andrew Price <andy@andrewprice.me.uk>
+Anthony Iliopoulos <ailiopoulos@suse.com>
+Antonio Chirizzi <antonio.chirizzi@gmail.com>
+Antonio Ospite <ao2@ao2.it>
+Arkadiusz Drabczyk <arkadiusz@drabczyk.org>
+Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
+Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
+bert hubert <bert.hubert@powerdns.com>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Burkhard Lück <lueck@hube-lueck.de>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+Daniel Kamil Kozar <dkk089@gmail.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
+David Newall <glibc@davidnewall.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Emil Fihlman <emil.fihlman@gmail.com>
+Enrico Scholz <enrico.scholz@sigma-chemnitz.de>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
+Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@redhat.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Felipe Gasper <felipe@felipegasper.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frank Theile <ftheile@grundfos.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.de>
+Göran Häggsjö <goran.haggsjo@icloud.com>
+Harry Mallon <hjmallon@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
+Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
+Henry Wilson <henry.wilson@acentic.com>
+Hiroya Ito <hiroyan@gmail.com>
+Howard Johnson <hj@HowardJohnson.name>
+Ian Turner <iturner@janestreet.com>
+Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
+Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James Weigle <jtweigle@uchicago.edu>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
+Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
+Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
+Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
+Johannes Altmanninger <aclopte@gmail.com>
+Johannes Liebermann <johanan.liebermann@gmail.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Joseph Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+Josh Gao <jmgao@google.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson@gmail.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
+Konst Mayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Leah Hanson <lhanson@pivotal.io>
+Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Luka Macan <Luka.Macan@fer.hr>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <marcus.gelderie@gmail.com>
+Marcus Gelderie <redmnic@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Schott <schottm@google.com>
+Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
+Matthew Kilgore <mattkilgore12@gmail.com>
+Mattias Engdegård <mattiase@acm.org>
+Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
+Michael Becker <mjbecker@web.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
+Mike Weilgart <mike.weilgart@verticalsysadmin.com>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Nick Gregory <ghost@capsule8.com>
+Niklas Hambüchen <mail@nh2.me>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+nixiaoming <nixiaoming@huawei.com>
+Oded Elisha <oded123456@gmail.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Millar <paul.millar@desy.de>
+Philip Dumont <phil@solidstatescientific.com>
+Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
+Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
+Radostin Stoyanov <rstoyanov1@gmail.com>
+Robert O'Callahan <robert@ocallahan.org>
+Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+ruschein <ruschein@protonmail.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+snyh <snyh@snyh.org>
+Solal Pirelli <solal.pirelli@gmail.com>
+Stan Schwertly <stan@schwertly.com>
+Stephan Knauss <linux@stephans-server.de>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Posch <kernel.org@online.posch.name>
+Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
+Troy Engel <troyengel@gmail.com>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho@tycho.ws>
+Tycho Kirchner <tychokirchner@mail.de>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
+William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
+Xiao Yang <yangx.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_guarded_storage.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ New page documenting s390_guarded_storage(2) s390-specific system call
+
+address_families.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ New page that contains details of socket address families
+ There is too much detail in socket(2). Move most of it into
+ a new page instead.
+
+bpf-helpers.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann, Quentin Monnet]
+ Add new man page for eBPF helper functions
+ (autogenerated from kernel source files)
+
+
+Removed Pages
+-------------
+
+mdoc.7
+mdoc.samples.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ingo Schwarze]
+ Remove mdoc(7) and mdoc.samples(7)
+ groff_mdoc(7) from the groff project provides a better
+ equivalent of mdoc.samples(7) and the 'mandoc' project
+ provides a better mdoc(7). And nowadays, there are virtually
+ no pages in "man-pages" that use mdoc markup.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fanotify_init.2
+fanotify.7
+ nixiaoming [Amir Goldstein, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify_init.2: add new flag FAN_REPORT_TID
+ fanotify.7: update description of member pid in
+ struct fanotify_event_metadata
+ Amir Goldstein
+ Document FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM
+ Monitor fanotify events on the entire filesystem.
+ Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein]
+ Document FAN_OPEN_EXEC and FAN_OPEN_EXEC_PERM
+
+io_submit.2
+ Adam Manzanares
+ Document IOCB_FLAG_IOPRIO
+
+msgctl.2
+semctl.2
+shmctl.2
+ Davidlohr Bueso [Joe Lawrence, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document STAT_ANY commands
+
+prctl.2
+ Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document PR_SET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Claudio Scordino [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SCHED_FLAG_DL_OVERRUN and SCHED_FLAG_RECLAIM
+
+socket.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Document AF_XDP
+ Document AF_XDP added in Linux 4.18.
+
+inotify.7
+ Henry Wilson
+ Document IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SCM_SECURITY ancillary data
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+reallocarray.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to malloc(3)
+
+precedence.7
+ Josh Triplett
+ Add as a redirect to operator.7
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use '\e' rather than '\\' to get a backslash
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Use zero‐width space in appropriate locations
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the distinction between "file descriptor" and "file description"
+
+Various pages
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update paths for in-kernel memory management documentation files
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change references to '2.6.0-test*' series kernels to just '2.6.0'
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+iconv.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ SEE ALSO: add uconv(1)
+
+localedef.1
+ Howard Johnson
+ Note that -f and -c, are reversed from what you might expect
+
+time.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Altmanninger]
+ Document the -q/--quiet option
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update bug reporting address
+
+bpf.2
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Update JIT support list for Linux 4.18
+ JIT support for x86-32 was during the Linux 4.18 release cycle.
+ Also correct the entry for MIPS (only MIPS64 is supported).
+ Oded Elisha
+ Fix bug in example
+ Quentin Monnet
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf-helpers(7)
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated functions
+ Remove crufty sentence suggesting use of deprecated capsetp(3) and
+ capgetp(3); the manual page for those functions has long (at least
+ as far back as 2007) noted that they are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove first paragraph, which repeats details from capabilities(7)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/root
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ On Linux CLOCK_MONOTONIC counts time that the system has run since boot
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC does not count while the system is suspended
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL error for noncanonical clock_settime() value
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of threads and signals
+ The discussion is phrased in terms of signals sent using kill(2),
+ but applies equally to a signal sent by the kernel.
+ Jann Horn
+ Pending CLONE_NEWPID prevents thread creation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the discussion of threads and signals
+ And explicitly introduce the terms "process-directed" and
+ "thread-directed" signals.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add information about clone and clone2 on IA-64
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: EINVAL occurs with CLONE_NEWUSER if !CONFIG_USER_NS
+
+connect.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Document error semantics of nonblocking UNIX domain sockets
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use the term "interest list" consistently
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the behavior when epoll_wait()-ing on an empty interest list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that epoll_wait() round robins through the set of ready descriptors
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text noting that eventfd() creates a FD earlier in the page
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Actual pipe capacity may in practice be less than nominal capacity
+ The number of bytes that can be written to the pipe may be less
+ (sometimes substantially less) than the nominal capacity.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that l_sysid is not used even if present
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Briefly explain the meaning of the 'l_sysid' field in 'struct flock'
+
+futex.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Make the example use C11 atomics rather than GCC builtins
+
+getcpu.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ getcpu() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+ The glibc wrapper was added in glibc 2.29, release on 1 Feb 2019.
+
+getgid.2
+getpid.2
+getuid.2
+pipe.2
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe 2nd return value peculiarity
+ Some architectures (ab)use second return value register for
+ additional return value in some system calls. Let's describe this.
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can drop all groups with: setgroups(0, NULL)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't fail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Resource limits are process-wide attributes shared by all threads
+ This was already noted in pthreads(7), but bears repeating here.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Correct information about large limits on 32-bit architectures
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc provides a wrapper since version 2.30
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for noncanonical 'tv' argument to settimeofday()
+
+gettimeofday.2
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Thoms Toerring]
+ ERRORS: EINVAL can occur if new real time is less than monotonic clock
+
+getxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher, Enrico Scholz]
+ ERRORS: replace ENOATTR with ENODATA
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201995
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Paul Millar
+ Add IN_ONLYDIR based error
+ Henry Wilson
+ Note errors that can occur for IN_MASK_CREATE
+
+io_submit.2
+ Jeff Moyer
+ Fix the description of aio_data
+ aio_data is not a kernel-internal field.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michal Hocko [Niklas Hambüchen]
+ MADV_FREE clarify swapless behavior
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Marc-André Lureau
+ Update hugetlb file-sealing support
+ Lucas De Marchi
+ Fix header for memfd_create()
+ Joseph C. Sible
+ _GNU_SOURCE is required
+
+mmap.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Explicitly state that the fd can be closed
+ Jann Horn [Michal Hocko, William Kucharski]
+ Fix description of treatment of the hint
+ The current manpage reads as if the kernel will always pick a free
+ space close to the requested address, but that's not the case.
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clearly distinguish per-mount-point vs per-superblock mount flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_SILENT is ignored when changing propagation type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Attempts to change MS_SILENT setting during remount are silently ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk [Harry Mallon]
+ Document EROFS for read-only filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200649
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that per-superblock flags are shared during remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty sentence about MS_BIND + MS_REMOUNT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Many people are unaware of the /proc/PID/mountinfo file. Provide
+ a helpful clue here.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mandatory locking also now requires CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Add MS_STRICTATIME to list of flags that can be used in remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EACCES: note some reasons why a filesystem may be read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the capability description for msgsnd() EACCESS error
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section noting that this system call no longer exists
+
+open.2
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document ENXIO for sockets
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify a special use case of O_NONBLOCK for devices
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Mention presence of unused O_RSYNC definition
+ O_RSYNC is defined in <asm/fcntl.h> on HP PA-RISC, but is not
+ used anyway.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Document FASYNC usage in Linux UAPI headers
+ Andrew Price
+ Remove O_DIRECT-related quotation
+ Remove a section that adds no benefit to the discussion of O_DIRECT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that O_NONBLOCK has no effect on poll/epoll/select
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Wang Nan]
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl
+ The PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT ioctl was introduced in Linux 4.7.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix wording in multiplexing description
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify exclude_idle
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_QUERY_BPF ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document the PERF_EVENT_IOC_MODIFY_ATTRIBUTES ioctl
+ Vince Weaver
+ Fix prctl behavior description
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Explain the initramfs case and point to switch_root(8)
+ Joseph Sible [Joseph C. Sible]
+ Document EINVAL if root is rootfs
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Szabolcs Nagy]
+ Switch to glibc prototype in SYNOPSIS
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that poll() and ppoll() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe the difference between fadvise64/fadvise64_64
+
+prctl.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE may now be used as many times as desired
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further historical details on PR_SET_MM_EXE_FILE
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Explain the circumstances in which the parent-death signal is sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the PR_SET_PDEATHSIG description a little, for easier readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add additional info on PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
+ The signal is process directed and the siginfo_t->si_pid
+ filed contains the PID of the terminating parent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note libcap(3) APIs for operating on ambient capability set
+ (However, the libcap APIs do not yet seem to have
+ manual pages...)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention libcap APIs for operating on capability bounding set
+
+ptrace.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not say that PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work
+ Jann Horn
+ BUGS: ptrace() may set errno to zero
+
+readdir.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Fix struct old_linux_dirent in accordance with current definition
+
+readv.2
+ Xiao Yang [Florian Weimer]
+ Fix wrong errno for an unknown flag
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.28 adds library support for renameat2()
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Add feature test macro for renameat2()
+ The glibc wrapper for renameat2() was added in glibc 2.28 and
+ requires _GNU_SOURCE.
+ Eugene Syromiatnikov
+ Some additional notes regarding RENAME_WHITEOUT
+ Lucas Werkmeister [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add kernel versions for RENAME_NOREPLACE support
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework list of supported filesystems for RENAME_NOREPLACE
+ Tobias Klauser
+ renameat2() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+s390_runtime_instr.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add a note about runtime_instr.h availability
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Heiko Carstens]
+ Some minor additions
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a bit more detail for SCHED_DEADLINE
+
+sched_setparam.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that scheduling parameters are per-thread (not per-process)
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_SPEC_ALLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpfc(1)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: the use of value-result arguments is a design bug
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Note that select() and pselect() are not affected by O_NONBLOCK
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Antonio Chirizzi]
+ Diagnose inet_aton() errors with simple fprintf() (not perror())
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When joining a user namespace, it must be a descendant user namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability requirements for changing PID namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing network, IPC, or UTS namespace
+ Note capability requirements for changing cgroup namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some text restructuring and reordering
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention related prctl() requests in SEE ALSO
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention that get_thread_area() is also Linux-specific
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe set_thread_area()/get_thread_area() on m68k/MIPS
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EPERM capability requirements with respect to user namespaces
+
+sigaction.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Describe obsolete usage of struct sigcontext as signal handler argument
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() suspends the calling *thread*
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to external docs
+ This information is all in the new address_families(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to address_families(7)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Reinstate AF_VSOCK mention
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of address families
+ Remove many of the details that are in address_families(7)
+ Nikola Forró
+ Remove notes concerning AF_ALG and AF_XDP
+ All address families are now documented in address_families.7.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some more obscure protocols from address family list
+ The list of address families in this page is still
+ overwhelmingly long. So let's shorten it.
+ The removed entries are all in address_families(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a few obsolete protocols
+ Documentation for these remains in address_families(7)
+
+socketpair.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that AF_TIPC also supports socketpair(2)
+ Introduced by Linux commit v4.12-rc1~64^3~304^2~1.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alessandro Vesely]
+ ERRORS: ENOENT can occur where a path component is a dangling symlink
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=909789
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ SEE ALSO: add statx(2)
+
+statx.2
+ Tobias Klauser [Michael Kerrisk]
+ statx() now has a glibc wrapper; remove mention of syscall(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Elaborate x32 ABI specifics
+ snyh
+ Fix wrong retval register number in alpha architecture
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc needs care with syscall parameters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework table to render within 80 columns
+
+syscalls.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Change example of a thin syscall wrapper to chdir()
+ As truncate(3) should dispatch between truncate/truncate64,
+ as noted later in the page.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update syscall table
+ Added: arc_gettls, arc_settls, arc_usr_cmpxchg, arch_prctl,
+ atomic_barrier, atomic_cmpxchg_32, bfin_spinlock, breakpoint,
+ clone2, cmpxchg, cmpxchg_badaddr, dma_memcpy, execv, get_tls,
+ getdomainname, getdtablesize, gethostname, getxgid, getxpid,
+ getxuid, metag_get_tls, metag_set_fpu_flags,metag_set_tls,
+ metag_set_global_bit, newfstatat, old_adjtimex, oldumount,
+ or1k_atomic, pread, pwrite, riscv_flush_icache,
+ sched_get_affinity, sched_set_affinity, set_tls, setaltroot,
+ sethae, setpgrp, spill, sram_alloc, sram_free, swapcontext,
+ switch_endian, sys_debug_setcontext, syscall, sysmips, timerfd,
+ usr26, usr32, xtensa.
+
+ Uncommented: memory_ordering
+
+ Renamed: ppc_rtas to rtas (__NR_rtas), ppc_swapcontext to
+ swapcontext (__NR_swapcontext).
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note about s390x and old_mmap
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_guarded_storage(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update syscall list for Linux 4.18
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note that not all architectures return errno negated
+ Helge Deller
+ parisc Linux does not any longer emulate HP-UX
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out details of a few system calls that only ever briefly existed
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Same EINVAL errors as for clone(2) can also occur with unshare(2)
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Note EINVAL when unsharing pid ns twice
+ The kernel doesn't allow unsharing a pid NS if it has
+ previously been unshared.
+
+ustat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with version 2.28, glibc no longer provides a wrapper function
+
+vmsplice.2
+ Andrei Vagin
+ Note that vmsplice can splice pages from pipe to memory
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some cross references to core(5)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ RETURN VALUE: clarify details of partial write and
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197961
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add details on partial direct I/O writes
+
+alloca.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Prevent any misunderstanding about when allocated memory is released
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Xiao Yang
+ Fix the wrong version of _POSIX_C_SOURCE
+
+bstring.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Emil Fihlman]
+ Correct argument list for memmem() prototype
+
+cmsg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain zero-initialization requirement for CMSG_NXTHDR()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove out of place mention of MSG_CTRUNC
+ This detail is covered in recvmsg(2), and now also in unix(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CMSG_FIRSTHDR can return NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unnecessary 'fdptr' intermediate variable in example code
+
+des_crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The functions described in these pages are removed in glibc 2.28
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a case where a symbol value may be NULL
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert P. J. Day]
+ Mention that errno(1) is part of the 'moreutils' package
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ Note that SPARC provides an execv() system call
+
+exit.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note wider sysexits.h availability
+
+ferror.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Warn about closing the result of fileno()
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Clarify "shell wildcard pattern"
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
+ Fix off-by-one error in example client program
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text on use of getcwd() system call
+ Make it clear that all of the library functions described on this
+ page will use the getcwd() system call if it is present.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the getcwd() syscall and how it used by libc functions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the text describing "(unreachable)" being returned by getcwd()
+
+getmntent.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Clarify that endmntent() should be used rather than fclose()
+
+isatty.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Most non-tty files nowadays result in the error ENOTTY
+ Historically, at least FIFOs and pipes yielded the error EINVAL.
+
+lockf.3
+ Ian Turner
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to glibc MallocInternals wiki
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that calloc() detects overflow when multiplying its arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.29, reallocarray() is exposed by defining _DEFAULT_SOURCE
+ Info gleaned from glibc NEWS file.
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Göran Häggsjö, Jakub Wilk]
+ Use correct printf() specifier for "size_t" in example program
+
+pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Remove bug notes
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Explain _np suffix
+ Add text to CONFORMING TO explaining that the "_np"
+ suffix is because these functions are non-portable.
+
+putenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a glibc extension: putenv("NAME") removes an environment variable
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Becker
+ Add documentation of res_nclose()
+
+strcmp.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Clarify that strcmp() is not locale aware
+
+strcpy.3
+ Matthew Kilgore
+ Fix example code for strncpy, which could pass an incorrect length
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ Use "destination" consistently (instead of "target" sometimes)
+
+strfry.3
+ Keith Thompson
+ Remove incorrect reference to rand(3)
+
+string.3
+strlen.3
+strnlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use 'bytes' not 'characters'
+ This is in line with POSIX terminology.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Use '(char *) NULL' rather than '(char *) 0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that system() can fail for the same reasons as fork(2)
+ Arkadiusz Drabczyk
+ Mention that 'errno' is set on error
+
+termios.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note an XTABS alpha issue
+
+trunc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Benton, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Make the description a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that the return value is a floating-point number
+
+xcrypt.3
+ Jason A. Donenfeld
+ Warn folks not to use these functions
+
+lirc.4
+ Sean Young
+ Fix broken link
+ Sean Young
+ Document error returns more explicitly
+ Sean Young
+ lirc.h include file is in /usr/include/linux/lirc.h
+ Sean Young [Alec Leamas, Mauro Carvalho Chehab]
+ Remove ioctls and feature bits which were never implemented
+ Sean Young
+ Unsupported ioctl() operations always return ENOTTY
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_MODE_LIRCCODE has been replaced by LIRC_MODE_SCANCODE
+ Sean Young
+ Document remaining ioctl (LIRC_GET_REC_TIMEOUT)
+ Now all ioctls are documented.
+ Sean Young
+ Timeout reports are enabled by default
+ Sean Young
+ Some devices are send only
+ Sean Young
+ Update SEE ALSO
+ Sean Young
+ LIRC_CAN_SET_REC_DUTY_CYCLE_RANGE was never supported
+ No driver ever supported such a thing.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the description LIRC_SET_REC_TIMEOUT
+
+tty.4
+ Michael Witten
+ Add `vcs(4)' and `pty(7)' to the `SEE ALSO' section
+
+vcs.4
+ Mattias Engdegård [Michael Witten]
+ Fix broken example code
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to vdso(7) where "virtual DSO" is mentioned
+
+filesystems.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention sysfs(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Clarify glibc versions in which spoof options were removed
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Philip Dumont]
+ Document /proc/[tid]
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201441
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an overview section describing the groups of files under /proc
+ Keno Fischer [Robert O'Callahan]
+ Correct description of NStgid
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Document fdinfo format for timerfd
+ Stephan Knauss
+ Mention /proc/uptime includes time spent in suspend
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add htop(1) and pstree(1)
+ fs/proc/uptime.c:uptime_proc_show() fetches time using
+ ktime_get_boottime which includes the time spent in suspend.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status CoreDumping field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention choom(1) in discussion of /proc/[pid]/oom_score_adj
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few details on /proc/PID/fdinfo timerfd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo KReclaimable field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how to determine top-most mount in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Explain how to determine the top-most mount at a particular
+ location by inspecting /proc/PID/mountinfo.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use cat(1) to read files containing '\0'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to mount(2) for explanation of mount vs superblock options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of /proc/PID/* ownership to account for user namespaces
+ Elvira Khabirova
+ Describe ambiguities in /proc/<pid>/maps
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nick Gregory]
+ Since Linux 4.5, "stack:" is no longer shown in /proc/PID/maps
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document /proc/[pid]/status Speculation_Store_Bypass field
+ Alan Jenkins
+ Vmalloc information is no longer calculated (Linux 4.4)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexander E. Patrakov, Jakub Wilk, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Use 'tr '\000' '\n' to display contents of /proc/PID/environ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Setting dumpable to 1 reverts ownership of /proc/PID/* to effective IDs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo LazyFree field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel source pathname for soft-dirty documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/[pid]/status VmPMD field was removed in Linux 4.15
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document no-reload (RES_NPRELOAD) option
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix some imprecisions in discussion of namespaced file capabilities
+ The file UID does not come into play when creating a v3
+ security.capability extended attribute.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that v3 security.attributes are transparently created/retrieved
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve the discussion of when file capabilities are ignored
+ The text stated that the execve() capability transitions are not
+ performed for the same reasons that setuid and setgid mode bits
+ may be ignored (as described in execve(2)). But, that's not quite
+ correct: rather, the file capability sets are treated as empty
+ for the purpose of the capability transition calculations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework bounding set as per-thread set in transformation rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantially rework "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ Rework for improved clarity, and also to include missing details
+ on the case where (1) the binary that is being executed has
+ capabilities attached and (2) the real user ID of the process is
+ not 0 (root) and (3) the effective user ID of the process is 0
+ (root).
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Add details about SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ The description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is misleading about the
+ effects on the effective capabilities of a process during a
+ switch to nonzero UIDs. The effective set is cleared based on
+ the effective UID switching to a nonzero value, even if
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is set. However, with this bit set, the
+ effective and permitted sets are not cleared if the real and
+ saved set-user-ID are set to nonzero values.
+ Marcus Gelderie
+ Mention header for SECBIT constants
+ Mention that the named constants (SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS and others)
+ are available only if the linux/securebits.h user-space header
+ is included.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add text introducing bounding set along with other capability sets
+ Michael Kerrisk [Allison Randal]
+ Update URL for location of POSIX.1e draft standard
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_CHROOT allows use of setns() to change the mount namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier]
+ Ambient capabilities do not trigger secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on per-user-namespace "set-user-ID-root" programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of exec and UID 0, correcting a couple of details
+ Clarify the "Capabilities and execution of programs by root"
+ section, and correct a couple of details:
+ * If a process with rUID == 0 && eUID != 0 does an exec,
+ the process will nevertheless gain effective capabilities
+ if the file effective bit is set.
+ * Set-UID-root programs only confer a full set of capabilities
+ if the binary does not also have attached capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update URL for libcap tarballs
+ The previous location does not seem to be getting updated.
+ (For example, at the time of this commit, libcap-2.26
+ had been out for two months, but was not present at
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets capset(2) and capget(2) apply to
+ capset(2) and capget(2) apply operate only on the permitted,
+ effective, and inheritable process capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the description of SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add background details on capability transformations during execve(2)
+ Add background details on ambient and bounding set when
+ discussing capability transformations during execve(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the 'no_file_caps' kernel command-line option
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Troy Engel]
+ Clarify the example by making an implied detail more explicit.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201047
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on v2 'cpu' controller and realtime threads
+ Explicitly note the scheduling policies that are relevant for the
+ v2 'cpu' controller.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the use of 'cgroup_no_v1=named' to disable v1 named hierarchies
+ This feature was added in Linux 5.0.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Weilgart]
+ Complete partial sentence re kernel boot options and 'nsdelegate'
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201029
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reframe the text on delegation to include more details about cgroups v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Leah Hanson]
+ Rework discussion of writing to cgroup.type file
+ In particular, it is possible to write "threaded" to a
+ cgroup.type file if the current type is "domain threaded".
+ Previously, the text had implied that this was not possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Balbir Singh, Marcus Gelderie]
+ Soften the discussion about delegation in cgroups v1
+ Balbir pointed out that v1 delegation was not an accidental
+ feature.
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce the terms "interest list" and "ready list"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use the term "interest list" rather than "epoll set"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat Q&A list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that edge-triggered notification wakes up only one waiter
+ Note a useful performance benefit of EPOLLET: ensuring that
+ only one of multiple waiters (in epoll_wait()) is woken
+ up when a file descriptor becomes ready.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the discussion of the implications of file descriptor duplication
+ In particular, note that it may be difficult for an application
+ to know about the existence of duplicate file descriptors.
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Westfeld]
+ Add more detail on why FTMs must be defined before including any header
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Millar]
+ Note ENOTDIR error that can occur for IN_ONLYDIR
+ Note ENOTDIR error that occurs when requesting a watch on a
+ nondirectory with IN_ONLYDIR.
+
+ip.7
+ Bert Hubert
+ IP_RECVTTL error fixed
+ I need to get the TTL of UDP datagrams from userspace, so I set
+ the IP_RECVTTL socket option. And as promised by ip.7, I then get
+ IP_TTL messages from recvfrom. However, unlike what the manpage
+ promises, the TTL field gets passed as a 32 bit integer.
+
+man.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove mdoc.samples(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List factors that may pin a namespace into existence
+ Various factors may pin a namespace into existence, even when it
+ has no member processes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tycho Kirchner]
+ Briefly explain why CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to create nonuser namespaces
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ioctl(2) in discussion of namespaces APIs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_namespace(8)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the semantics for the adoption of orphaned processes
+ Because of setns() semantics, the parent of a process may reside
+ in the outer PID namespace. If that parent terminates, then the
+ child is adopted by the "init" in the outer PID namespace (rather
+ than the "init" of the PID namespace of the child).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a detail of /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children behavior
+ After clone(CLONE_NEWPID), /proc/PID/ns/pid_for_children is empty
+ until the first child is created. Verified by experiment.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a process can do unshare(CLONE_NEWPID) only once
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ In the kernel source SCHED_OTHER is actually called SCHED_NORMAL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ps(1) and top(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chcpu(1), lscpu(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify that sigsuspend() and pause() suspend the calling *thread*
+ Helge Deller
+ Add signal numbers for parisc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Unify signal lists into a signal table that embeds standards info
+ Having the signals listed in three different tables reduces
+ readability, and would require more table splits if future
+ standards specify other signals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder the architectures in the signal number lists
+ x86 and ARM are the most common architectures, but currently
+ are in the second subfield in the signal number lists.
+ Instead, swap that info with subfield 1, so the most
+ common architectures are first in the list.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place signal numbers in a separate table
+ The current tables of signal information are unwieldy,
+ as they try to cram in too much information.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Insert standards info into tables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add clone(2)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to unix(7) for information on SO_PASSSEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add address_families(7)
+
+socket.7
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing SO_PEERCRED from socket(7) to unix(7)
+ This is, AFAIK, an option specific to UNIX domain sockets, so
+ place it in unix(7).
+
+tcp.7
+udp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to socket(7) noting existence of further socket options
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance the description of SCM_RIGHTS
+ The existing description is rather thin. More can be said.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ There is a limit on the size of the file descriptor array for SCM_RIGHTS
+ The limit is defined in the kernel as SCM_MAX_FD (253).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework SO_PEERCRED text for greater clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felipe Gasper]
+ Clarify SO_PASSCRED behavior
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that SO_PASSCRED provides SCM_CREDENTIALS messages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If the buffer to receive SCM_RIGHTS FDs is too small, FDs are closed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One must send at least one byte of real data with ancillary data
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ancillary data forms a barrier when receiving on a stream socket
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When sending ancillary data, only one item of each type may be sent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording describing socket option argument/return values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify treatment of incoming ancillary data if 'msg_control' is NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note behavior if buffer to receive ancillary data is too small
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a minor imprecision in description of SCM_CREDENTIALS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to socket(7) for information about SO_PEEK_OFF
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework terminology describing ownership of nonuser namespaces
+ Prefer the word "owns" rather than "associated with" when
+ describing the relationship between user namespaces and non-user
+ namespaces. The existing text used a mix of the two terms, with
+ "associated with" being predominant, but to my ear, describing the
+ relationship as "ownership" is more comprehensible.
+
+vdso.7
+ Helge Deller
+ Fix parisc gateway page description
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, David Newall]
+ Document the --preload command-line option added in glibc 2.30
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note delimiters for 'list' in --audit and --inhibit-rpath
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place OPTIONS in alphabetical order
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_PRELOAD-ed objects are added to link map in left-to-right order
+
+zdump.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+zic.8
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.01 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-05-09, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Abhinav Upadhyay <er.abhinav.upadhyay@gmail.com>
+Andreas Korb <andreas.d.korb@gmail.com>
+Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
+Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Dr. Jürgen Sauermann <mail@xn--jrgen-sauermann-zvb.de>
+Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
+Elias Benali <stackptr@users.sourceforge.net>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Hugues Evrard <hevrard@google.com>
+Jakub Nowak <jakub.jakub.nowak@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Keegan Saunders <keeganwsaunders@gmail.com>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Huewe <suse-tux@gmx.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Seth Troisi <sethtroisi@google.com>
+Slavomir Kaslev <kaslevs@vmware.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Wladimir Mutel <muwlgr@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+tsearch.3
+ Florian Weimer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the twalk_r() function added in glibc 2.30
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+twalk_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to twalk(3) page
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'addrlen' is left unchanged in the event of an error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=836.
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version info for JIT compiler
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Nowak]
+ CLONE_CHILD_SETTID has effect before clone() returns *in the child*
+ CLONE_CHILD_SETTID may not have had effect by the time clone()
+ returns in the parent, which could be relevant if the
+ CLONE_VM flag is employed. The relevant kernel code is in
+ schedule_tail(), which is called in ret_from_fork()
+ in the child.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=203105
+
+execve.2
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann]
+ Consistently use the term 'pathname' (not 'path')
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that stack+environ size is also limited to 3/4 of _STK_LIM
+ In fs/exec.c::prepare_arg_pages(), we have:
+
+ limit = _STK_LIM / 4 * 3;
+ limit = min(limit, bprm->rlim_stack.rlim_cur / 4);
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dr. Jürgen Sauermann]
+ SEE ALSO: refer to exec(3) (rather than execl(3))
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'pipefd' is left unchanged in the event of an error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=467.
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Brice Goglin]
+ Correct details of return value of sched_getaffinity() syscall
+
+setfsgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid() for details
+ Rewrite for improved clarity and defer to setfsuid(2) for the
+ rationale of the fsGID rather than repeating the same details
+ in this page.
+
+setfsuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite for improved clarity and to hint history more explicitly
+ The current text reads somewhat clumsily. Rewrite it to introduce
+ the eUID and fsUID in parallel, and more clearly hint at the
+ historical rationale for the fsUID, which is detailed lower in
+ the page.
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'sv' is left unchanged in the event of an error
+ See also http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=483.
+
+splice.2
+ Slavomir Kaslev
+ EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Korb]
+ Remove crufty text about i386 syscall dispatch table
+ The removed text long ago ceased to be accurate. Nowadays, the
+ dispatch table is autogenerated when building the kernel (via
+ the kernel makefile, arch/x86/entry/syscalls/Makefile).
+
+tee.2
+ Slavomir Kaslev
+ EAGAIN can occur when called on nonblocking file descriptors
+
+fopen.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Explain BSD vs glibc "a+" difference
+ Where is the initial read position for an "a+" stream?
+
+ POSIX leaves this unspecified. Most BSD man pages are silent, and
+ MacOS has the ambiguous "The stream is positioned at the end of
+ the file", not differentiating between reads and writes other than
+ to say that fseek(3) does not affect writes. glibc's documentation
+ explicitly specifies that the initial read position is the
+ beginning of the file.
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Further discourage use of mallinfo()
+ The BUGS section already explains why you need to be cautious
+ about using mallinfo, but given the number of bug reports we see
+ on Android, it seems not many people are reading that far. Call it
+ out up front.
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Update trimming information
+ Since glibc 2.8, commit 68631c8eb92, the malloc_trim function has
+ iterated over all arenas and free'd back to the OS all page runs
+ that were free. This allows an application to call malloc_trim to
+ consolidate fragmented chunks and free back any pages it can to
+ potentially reduce RSS usage.
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Some functions set errno
+ True of bionic, glibc, and musl. (I didn't check elsewhere.)
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wladimir Mutel]
+ Mention that some functions set 'h_errno'
+
+stdarg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Remove the NOTES section describing the ancient varargs macros
+ stdarg.h is now 30 years old, and gcc long ago (2004) ceased to
+ implement <varargs.h>. There seems little value in keeping this
+ text.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202907
+ Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger]
+ Add a note that "..." in function signature means a variadic function
+ Egmont suggested adding this, because the string "..." appears
+ at several other points in the page, but just to indicate that
+ some text is omitted from example code.
+
+strerror.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Don't discuss buffer size for strerror_l()
+ Unlike strerror_r(), strerror_l() doesn't take buffer length as an
+ argument.
+
+strtol.3
+strtoul.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ SEE ALSO: add strtoimax(3), strtoumax(3)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Hugues Evrard]
+ Clearly note that _SC_PAGESIZE and _SC_PAGE_SIZE are synonyms
+
+tsearch.3
+ Florian Weimer
+ Do not use const arguments in twalk() callback
+ The const specifier is not part of the prototype (it only applies
+ to the implementation), so showing it here confuses the reader.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: add missing definition of 'VISIT' type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat twalk() and twalk_r() prototypes for easier readability
+
+console_codes.4
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Document that \e[1;n] and \e[2;n] support 16 colors
+ Source: setterm_command() in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Keegan Saunders]
+ A data segment does not have PF_X
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Witten [Anisse Astier]
+ Add missing Inode field to /proc/net/unix
+
+hostname.7
+ Florian Weimer
+ HOSTALIASES/search path processing is DNS-specific
+ Other NSS modules do not necessarily honor these settings.
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that timestamp fields measure time starting at the Epoch
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Timestamp fields are structures that include a nanosecond component
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to execve(2) to describe set-UID/set-GID behaviors
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.02 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-08-02, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
+Alexey Izbyshev <izbyshev@ispras.ru>
+Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
+Eric Sanchis <eric.sanchis@iut-rodez.fr>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Finn O'Leary <finnoleary@inventati.org>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Guillaume Laporte <guillaume.laporte.adm@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Kumar Chaudhary, Naveen <naveen.kumar.chaudhary@intel.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
+Matthew Kenigsberg <matthewkenigsberg@gmail.com>
+Matthias Hertel <Matthias.Hertel@rohde-schwarz.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Sekletar <msekleta@redhat.com>
+Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
+Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
+Petr Vaněk <arkamar@atlas.cz>
+Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@git.icu>
+Thorsten Glaser <tg@mirbsd.de>
+Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
+Tomas Skäre <tomas.skare@gmail.com>
+Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fanotify.7
+fanotify_init.2
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Matthew Bobrowski [Amir Goldstein, Jan Kara]
+ Document FAN_REPORT_FID and directory modification events
+
+vdso.7
+ Tobias Klauser [Palmer Dabbelt]
+ Document vDSO for RISCV
+
+Renamed pages
+-------------
+
+sysvipc.7
+ svipc(7) is renamed to sysvipc(7).
+ The name sysvipc is a bit more natural, and is the name used in
+ /proc/sysvipc.
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add old name of sysvipc(7) page as a link
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change reference to svipc(7) to sysvipc(7)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ G. Branden Robinson [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document glibc's unbreakage of tool
+ After a longstanding breakage, pldd now works again (glibc 2.30).
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct kernel version for JIT support on s390
+
+chdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOTDIR error for fchdir()
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov]
+ Since Linux 5.1, the limit on the #! line is 255 chars (rather than 127)
+ Shawn Landden [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more detail about Shebangs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux is not alone in ignoring the set-UID and set-GID bits for scripts
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add a couple of EINVAL errors for MS_MOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chroot(2) and pivot_root(2)
+
+mprotect.2
+ Mark Wielaard
+ pkey_mprotect() acts like mprotect() if pkey is set to -1, not 0
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Mark Wielaard [Florian Weimer]
+ _GNU_SOURCE is required for the pkey functions.
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: EINVAL occurs if 'new_root' or its parent has shared propagation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'new_root' must be a mount point
+ It appears that 'new_root' may not have needed to be a mount
+ point on ancient kernels, but already in Linux 2.4.5 this changed.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'put_old' can't be a mount point with MS_SHARED propagation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount(2)
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Stern]
+ Note that poll() equivalent code for ppoll() is not quite equivalent
+
+prctl.2
+ Yang Xu [Cyrill Gorcunov]
+ Correct some details for PR_SET_TIMERSLACK
+
+setxattr.2
+ Finn O'Leary [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add ERANGE to 'ERRORS' section
+
+tkill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.30 provides a wrapper for tgkill()
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules for symbol resolution in a dlopen'ed object
+ The existing text wrongly implied that symbol look up first
+ occurred in the object and then in main, and did not mention
+ whether dependencies of main where used for symbol resolution.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify when an executable's symbols can be used for symbol resolution
+ The --export-dynamic linker option is not the only way that main's
+ global symbols may end up in the dynamic symbol table and thus be
+ used to satisfy symbol reference in a shared object. A symbol
+ may also be placed into the dynamic symbol table if ld(1)
+ notices a dependency in another object during the static link.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ An object opened with RTLD_LOCAL can be promoted to RTLD_GLOBAL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that symbol use might keep a dlclose'd object in memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On dlclose(), destructors are called when reference count falls to 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clear that RTLD_NODELETE also affects global variables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that constructors are called only when library is first loaded
+
+exec.3
+ Matthew Kenigsberg
+ Explain function groupings
+ I've found the exec man page quite difficult to read when trying
+ to find the behavior for a specific function. Since the names of
+ the functions are inline and the order of the descriptions isn't
+ clear, it's hard to find which paragraphs apply to each function.
+ I thought it would be much easier to read if the grouping based on
+ letters is stated.
+
+getutent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thorsten Glaser]
+ Fix missing include file in EXAMPLE
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=932382
+
+on_exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sami Kerola]
+ Stack variables may be out of scope when exit handler is invoked
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Sanchis]
+ Fix off-by-one error in example code
+
+cpuid.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cpuid(1)
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ld.so(8)
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct description of /proc/PID/status 'ShdPnd' and 'SigPnd' fields
+ These fields are signal masks, not counters.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that various mask fields in /proc/PID/status are in hexadecimal
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note about using strace on binaries that have capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pivot_root(2) to CAP_SYS_ADMIN list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_FOWNER also allows modifying user xattrs on sticky directories
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording fixes to improve clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In the example shell session, give second shell a different prompt
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that /proc/PID/status shows a process's credentials
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tcgetsid(3)
+
+fanotify.7
+ Matthew Bobrowski
+ Reword FAN_REPORT_FID data structure inclusion semantics
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify logic in ESTALE check
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder text in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat program output to fit in 80 columns
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify implications for other NS if mount point is removed in one NS
+ If a mount point is deleted or renamed or removed in one mount
+ namespace, this will cause an object that is mounted at that
+ location in another mount namespace to be unmounted (as verified
+ by experiment). This was implied by the existing text, but it is
+ better to make this detail explicit.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2), pivot_root(8)
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note initial values of hostname and domainname in a new UTS namespace
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_getschedparam(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michal Sekletar [Oleg Nesterov, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify that siginfo_t isn't changed on coalescing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various fields in /proc/PID/status show signal-related information
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection on queuing and delivery semantics for standard signals
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ select()/poll()/epoll honor SO_RCVLOWAT since Linux 2.6.28
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note SCM_RIGHTS interaction with RLIMIT_NOFILE
+ If the file descriptors received in SCM_RIGHTS would cause
+ the process to its exceed RLIMIT_NOFILE limit, the excess
+ FDs are discarded.
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the effect of file-related capabilities inside user namespaces
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe how kernel treats UIDs/GIDs when a process accesses files
+
+vdso.7
+ Tobias Klauser
+ Mention removal of Blackfin port in Linux 4.17
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthias Hertel]
+ Note some further details of secure-execution mode
+ Note some further details of the treatment of environment
+ variables in secure execution mode. In particular (as noted by
+ Matthias Hertel), note that ignored environment variables are also
+ stripped from the environment. Furthermore, there are some other
+ variables, not used by the dynamic linker itself, that are also
+ treated in this way (see the glibc source file
+ sysdeps/generic/unsecvars.h).
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.03 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-10-11, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
+Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
+Christopher M. Riedl <cmr@informatik.wtf>
+Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
+Dave Carroll <david.carroll@microsemi.com>
+Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+eponymous alias <eponymousalias@yahoo.com>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
+Florin Blanaru <florin.blanaru96@gmail.com>
+Gilbert Wu <gilbert.wu@microsemi.com>
+Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@usta.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Kevin Barnett <kevin.barnett@microsemi.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Matti Moell <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com>
+Matti Möll <Matti.Moell@opensynergy.com>
+Matt Perricone <matt.perricone@microsemi.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Murthy Bhat <Murthy.Bhat@microsemi.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+nilsocket <nilsocket@gmail.com>
+Paul Wise <pabs3@bonedaddy.net>
+Philipp Wendler <ml@philippwendler.de>
+Raphael Moreira Zinsly <rzinsly@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Reid Priedhorsky <reidpr@lanl.gov>
+Rick Stanley <rstanley@rsiny.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Scott Benesh <scott.benesh@microsemi.com>
+Scott Teel <scott.teel@microsemi.com>
+Shawn Anastasio <shawn@anastas.io>
+Simone Piccardi <piccardi@truelite.it>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pidfd_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Florian Weimer, Daniel Colascione]
+ New page documenting pidfd_open(2)
+
+pidfd_send_signal.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Christian Brauner]
+ New page documenting pidfd_send_signal(2)
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman, Reid Priedhorsky, Philipp Wendler]
+ This page has been completely rewritten, adding a lot of missing
+ details (including the use of pivot_root(".", ".")) and an example
+ program. In addition, the text prevaricating on whether or not
+ pivot_root() might change the root and current working directories has
+ been eliminated, and replaced with a simple description of the behavior
+ of the system call, which has not changed for 19 years, and will not
+ change in the future. Many longstanding errors in the old version of
+ the page have also been corrected.
+
+ipc_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with content migrated from namespaces(7)
+
+uts_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with content migrated from namespaces(7)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_PIDFD
+ Add an entry for CLONE_PIDFD. This flag is available starting
+ with kernel 5.2. If specified, a process file descriptor
+ ("pidfd") referring to the child process will be returned in
+ the ptid argument.
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Document FAN_MOVE_SELF
+
+ptrace.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document PTRACE_GET_SYSCALL_INFO
+
+regex.3
+ Rob Landley
+ Document REG_STARTEND
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+res_nclose.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NEW link to resolver.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: correct list order
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from references to function in its own page
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: correct alphabetical order
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe recently added options
+ Describe few recently added options (present in glibc-2.29).
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_open(2)
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Amir Goldstein [Dave Chinner]
+ Kernel v5.3 updates
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add kernel version numbers for some FAN_* constants
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of UTS namespaces
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Mention UTS namespaces
+
+io_submit.2
+ Matti Moell [Matti Möll]
+ Fix kernel version numbers for 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
+
+mmap.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix EINVAL conditions
+ Since introduction of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, in case flags contain
+ both MAP_PRIVATE and MAP_SHARED, mmap() doesn't fail with EINVAL,
+ it succeeds.
+
+ The reason for that is that MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE is in fact equal
+ to MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_SHARED.
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Reid Priedhorsky]
+ Describe the concept of "parent mounts"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add subsection heading for /proc/[pid]/{mounts,mountinfo}
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the text on mount namespaces a little
+ Eliminate the term "Per-process namespaces" and add a reference
+ to mount_namespaces(7).
+
+move_pages.2
+ Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Mark E2BIG as deprecated
+ E2BIG was removed in 2.6.29, we should mark it as deprecated.
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alexey Budankov]
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/perf-security.rst
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL returns value as function result
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that PR_MCE_KILL_GET returns value via function result
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that PR_GET_FP_MODE returns value as function result
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: add some missing entries
+ Note success return for PR_GET_SPECULATION_CTRL and PR_GET_FP_MODE.
+
+rt_sigqueueinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'si_code' can't be specified as SI_KERNEL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The rules for 'si_code' don't apply when sending a signal to oneself
+ The restriction on what values may be specified in 'si_code'
+ apply only when sending a signal to a process other than the
+ caller itself.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename 'uinfo' argument to 'info'
+ This is more consistent with the naming in other pages
+ that refer to a 'siginfo_t' structure.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: sched_getaffinity() syscall differs from the wrapper
+
+setns.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Fix CLONE_NEWNS restriction info
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
+
+signalfd.2
+ Andrew Clayton, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note about interactions with epoll & fork
+
+statx.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ Clarify details of a case where an invalid 'mask' value may be rejected
+
+syscall.2
+ Shawn Anastasio
+ Add information for powerpc64
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Borowski, Florin Blanaru]
+ Update name of syscall instruction for riscv
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add fsconfig(), fsmount(), fsopen(), fspick(), move_mount(), open_tree()
+ Michael Kerrisk [(), Michael(), Kerrisk(),]
+ Add new syscalls in 5.1
+ Add io_uring_enter(), io_uring_register(), io_uring_setup(), and
+ pidfd_send_signal().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add clone3() and pidfd_open()
+
+uname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace reference to namespaces(7) with reference to uts_namespaces(7)
+
+errno.3
+ Rasmus Villemoes
+ Add some comments on EAGAIN/EWOULDBLOCK and EDEADLK/EDEADLOCK
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ ENOSYS occurs only if the kernel provides no execveat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simone Piccardi]
+ ERRORS: add ENOENT
+
+getauxval.3
+ Raphael Moreira Zinsly
+ Add new cache geometry entries
+
+printf.3
+ Vincent Lefevre
+ Add detail on the first digit with the %e format
+
+pthread_setcancelstate.3
+pthreads.7
+signal-safety.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Describe issues with cancellation points in signal handlers
+
+strtok.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias]
+ Correct description of use of 'saveptr' argument in strtok_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk [eponymous alias]
+ The caller should not modify 'saveptr' between strtok_r() calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add portability note for strtok_r() '*saveptr' value
+ On some implementations, '*saveptr' must be NULL on first call
+ to strtok_r().
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Murthy Bhat [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
+ Add sysfs entries
+ Gilbert Wu [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
+ Add module param expose ld first
+ Dave Carroll [Don Brace, Kevin Barnett, Matt Perricone, Scott Benesh]
+ Add module param to hide vsep
+
+core.5
+ Paul Wise
+ Explain the new situation with argument splitting
+ Things changed in Linux v5.3-rc3 commit 315c69261dd3 from
+ splitting after template expansion to splitting beforehand.
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Update information about search list
+ Since glibc 2.26, the number of domains in the search list is
+ no longer limited.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate and enhance the text on semantic newlines
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Wise]
+ Paragraphs should not be separated by blank lines
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how a namespace's mount point list is initialized
+ Provide a more detailed explanation of the initialization of
+ the mount point list in a new mount namespace.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Clarify description of "less privileged" mount namespaces
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: refer to example in pivot_root(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ It may be desirable to disable propagation after creating a namespace
+ After creating a new mount namespace, it may be desirable to
+ disable mount propagation. Give the reader a more explicit
+ hint about this.
+
+mq_overview.7
+sysvipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ipc_namespaces(7)
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content migrated to new ipc_namespaces(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content migrated to uts_namespaces(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include manual page references in the summary table of namespace types
+ Make the page more compact by removing the stub subsections that
+ list the manual pages for the namespace types. And while we're
+ here, add an explanation of the table columns.
+
+operator.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Stanley]
+ Prefix and postfix ++/-- have different precedences
+ Harbison and Steele also agree on this.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance the text on process-directed and thread-directed signals
+ clone(2) has a good description of these concepts; borrow
+ from it liberally.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_send_signal(2)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve explanation of meaning of ownership of nonuser namespaces
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.04 ====================
+
+Released: 2019-11-19, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andrew Price <anprice@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Kenigbolo Meya Stephen <kenigbol@ut.ee>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>
+Robert Edmonds <edmonds@debian.org>
+Silviu Popescu <silviupopescu1990@gmail.com>
+Torin Carey <torin@tcarey.uk>
+Witold Baryluk <witold.baryluk@gmail.com>
+Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jakub Wilk]
+ Document clone3()
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add P_PIDFD for waiting on a child referred to by a PID file descriptor
+
+bpf-helpers.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refresh against kernel v5.4-rc7
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+clone3.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to clone(2)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename arguments for consistency with clone3()
+ Make the names of the clone() arguments the same as the fields
+ in the clone3() 'args' struct:
+
+ ctid ==> child_pid
+ ptid ==> parent_tid
+ newtls ==> tld
+ child_stack ==> stack
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently order paragraphs for CLONE_NEW* flags
+ Sometimes the descriptions of these flags mentioned the
+ corresponding section 7 namespace manual page and then the
+ required capabilities, and sometimes the order was the was
+ the reverse. Make it consistent.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner, Jann Horn]
+ EXAMPLE: Allocate child's stack using mmap(2) rather than malloc(3)
+ Christian Brauner suggested mmap(MAP_STACK), rather than
+ malloc(), as the canonical way of allocating a stack for the
+ child of clone(), and Jann Horn noted some reasons why
+ (MAP_STACK exists elsewhere, and mmap() returns a page-aligned
+ block of memory, which is useful if we want to set up a guard
+ page at the end of the stack).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
+ Tidy up the description of CLONE_DETACHED
+ The obsolete CLONE_DETACHED flag has never been properly
+ documented, but now the discussion CLONE_PIDFD also requires
+ mention of CLONE_DETACHED. So, properly document CLONE_DETACHED,
+ and mention its interactions with CLONE_PIDFD.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
+ Give the introductory paragraph a new coat of paint
+ Change the text in the introductory paragraph (which was written
+ 20 years ago) to reflect the fact that clone*() does more things
+ nowadays.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove wording that suggests CLONE_NEW* flags are for containers
+ These flags are used for implementing many other interesting
+ things by now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove various details that are already covered in namespaces pages
+ Remove details of UTS, IPC, and network namespaces that are
+ already covered in the corresponding namespaces pages in section 7.
+
+clone.2
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7)
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to be references to pages
+ describing specific namespace types.
+
+fallocate.2
+ Andrew Price
+ Add gfs2 to the list of punch hole-capable filesystems
+
+ioctl_iflags.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robert Edmonds]
+ Emphasize that FS_IOC_GETFLAGS and FS_IOC_SETFLAGS argument is 'int *'
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ioctl(2) SEE ALSO section
+ The referenced section lists various pages that document ioctls.
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that MAP_STACK exists on some other systems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some rewording of the description of MAP_STACK
+ Reword a little to allow for the fact that there are now
+ *two* reasons to consider using this flag.
+
+pidfd_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the waitid() use case for PID file descriptors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection header "Use cases for PID file descriptors"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little more explicit the CLONE_PIDFD returns a PID FD
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: allocate stack using mmap() MAP_STACK rather than malloc()
+
+quotactl.2
+ Yang Xu [Jan Kara]
+ Add some details about Q_QUOTAON
+
+seccomp.2
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Switch to "considerate language"
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POLLIN_SET/POLLOUT_SET/POLLEX_SET are now defined in terms of EPOLL*
+ Since kernel commit a9a08845e9acbd224e4ee466f5c1275ed50054e8, the
+ equivalence between select() and poll()/epoll is defined in terms
+ of the EPOLL* constants, rather than the POLL* constants.
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ waitid() can be used to wait on children in same process group as caller
+ Since Linux 5.4, idtype == P_PGID && id == 0 can be used to wait
+ on children in same process group as caller.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of waitpid(0, ...)
+ As noted in kernel commit 821cc7b0b205c0df64cce59aacc330af251fa8f7,
+ threads create an ambiguity: what if the calling process's PGID
+ is changed by another thread while waitpid(0, ...) is blocked?
+ So, clarify that waitpid(0, ...) means wait for children whose
+ PGID matches the caller's PGID at the time of the call to
+ waitpid().
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Witold Baryluk]
+ Clarify that AT_BASE_PLATFORM and AT_EXECFN return pointers to strings
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=942207
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Florian Weimer
+ Attempt clarify domain/search interaction
+ The domain directive is historic at this point; it should not
+ be used.
+
+netdevice.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Silviu Popescu]
+ Small wording fix in description of SIOCGIFCONF
+ SIOCGIFCONF returns "network layer" addresses (not "transport
+ layer").
+
+uts_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little more detail on scope of UTS namespaces
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.05 ====================
+
+Released: 2020-02-09, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Antonin Décimo <antonin.decimo@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
+Brennan Vincent <brennan@materialize.io>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+Daniel Colascione <dancol@google.com>
+Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jashank Jeremy <jashank@rulingia.com.au>
+Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+John Jones <jmjatlanta@gmail.com>
+Joseph C. Sible <josephcsible@gmail.com>
+kevin sztern <kevin.sztern@epita.fr>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+markus T Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Salvatore <mike.salvatore@canonical.com>
+Mikhail Golubev <Mikhail.Golubev@opensynergy.com>
+Nick Shipp <ns@segbrk.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Peter Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz>
+Ponnuvel Palaniyappan <pponnuvel@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
+Weitian LI <liweitianux@live.com>
+Will <cassis@tricolore.lu>
+Yang Xu <xuyang2018.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Yu Jian Wu <yujian.wu1@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Adrian Reber [Christian Brauner, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add clone3() set_tid information
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND
+
+fcntl.2
+ Joel Fernandes [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Joel Fernandes
+ Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal
+
+loop.4
+ Yang Xu
+ Document LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE
+ Yang Xu
+ Document LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/unprivileged_userfaultfd
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yang Xu]
+ Add missing details in EPERM error for setting inheritable capabilities
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CLONE_THREAD causes similar behavior to CLONE_PARENT
+ The introductory paragraphs note that "the calling process" is
+ normally synonymous with the "the parent process", except in the
+ case of CLONE_PARENT. The same is also true of CLONE_THREAD.
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Mention that CLONE_PARENT is off-limits for inits
+ Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
+ Add old EINVAL error for AArch64
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for use of CLONE_PARENT by an init process
+
+futex.2
+ Ponnuvel Palaniyappan
+ Fix a bug in the example
+
+listen.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Gajdos]
+ The 'somaxconn' default value has increased to 4096
+
+modify_ldt.2
+set_thread_area.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Markus T Metzger]
+ Fix type of base_addr
+
+move_pages.2
+ John Hubbard [Michal Hocko]
+ Remove ENOENT from the list of possible return values
+
+open.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ No need for /proc to make an O_TMPFILE file permanent
+ In the example snippet, we already have the fd, thus there's no
+ need to refer to the file by name. And, /proc/ might be not
+ mounted or not accessible.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joseph C. Sible]
+ In O_TMPFILE example, describe alternative linkat() call
+ This was already shown in an earlier version of the page,
+ but Adam Borowski's patch replaced it with an alternative.
+ Probably, it is better to show both possibilities.
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Daniel Colascione
+ Mention EINTR for perf_event_open
+
+ptrace.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ PTRACE_EVENT_STOP does not always report SIGTRAP
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't show numeric values of Q_XQUOTAON XFS_QUOTA_?DQ_* flags
+ The programmer should not need to care about the numeric values,
+ and their inclusion is verbosity.
+ Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error of Q_XQUOTARM operation
+
+stime.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that stime() is deprecated
+
+syscall.2
+ Petr Vorel [Cyril Hrubis]
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+
+sysctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This system call was removed in Linux 5.5; adjust the page accordingly
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Yang Xu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EPERM error
+
+cmsg.3
+ Rich Felker
+ Clarify alignment issues and correct method of accessing CMSG_DATA()
+ From an email by Rich Felker:
+
+ It came to my attention while reviewing possible breakage with
+ move to 64-bit time_t that some applications are dereferencing
+ data in socket control messages (particularly SCM_TIMESTAMP*)
+ in-place as the message type, rather than memcpy'ing it to
+ appropriate storage. This necessarily does not work and is not
+ supportable if the message contains data with greater alignment
+ requirement than the header. In particular, on 32-bit archs,
+ cmsghdr has size 12 and alignment 4, but struct timeval and
+ timespec may have alignment requirement 8.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Modify CMSG_DATA() example to use memcpy()
+ See previous patch to this page for rationale
+
+exit.3
+ Benjamin Peterson [Mike Frysinger]
+ Use hex for the status mask
+
+ftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that this function is deprecated
+
+getpt.3
+ Samuel Thibault
+ Remove mention of O_NOCTTY
+ The glibc implementation of getpt has actually never been setting
+
+malloc.3
+ Vegard Nossum
+ Clarify realloc() return value
+ Petr Vorel
+ Remove duplicate _GNU_SOURCE
+
+console_codes.4
+ Adam Borowski
+ Document \e[90m to 97, 100 to 107
+ Adam Borowski
+ \e[21m is now underline
+ Since 65d9982d7e523a1a8e7c9af012da0d166f72fc56 (4.17), it follows
+ xterm rather than common sense and consistency, being the only
+ command 1..9 where N+20 doesn't undo what N did. As libvte
+ 0.51.90 got changed the same way, this behaviour will probably
+ stay.
+ Adam Borowski
+ Update \e[38m and \e[48m
+ Supported since cec5b2a97a11ade56a701e83044d0a2a984c67b4 (3.16).
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The v2 freezer controller was added in Linux 5.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split discussion of cgroups.events file and v2 release notification
+ In preparation for adding a description of the "frozen" key.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the cgroup.events "frozen" key
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve the discussion of the advantages of v2 release notification
+
+inotify.7
+ Nick Shipp
+ Merge late perror() into fprintf() in example code
+
+netlink.7
+ Antonin Décimo
+ Fix alignment issue in example
+
+packet.7
+ kevin sztern [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add missing tpacket_auxdata field (tp_vlan_tpid)
+
+rtnetlink.7
+ Antonin Décimo
+ ifa_index is an unsigned int
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ tcp_low_latency is ignored since Linux 4.14
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The PID sent with SCM_CREDENTIALS must match an existing process
+
+vsock.7
+ Mikhail Golubev [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add missing structure element
+ The structure 'struct sockaddr_vm' has additional element
+ 'unsigned char svm_zero[]' since version v3.9-rc1.
+
+ldconfig.8
+ DJ Delorie
+ Document file filter and symlink pattern expectations
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-5.06 ====================
+
+Released: 2020-04-11, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alejandro Colomar <colomar.6.4.3@gmail.com>
+Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+André Almeida <andrealmeid@collabora.com>
+Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
+Andrew Micallef <andrew.micallef@live.com.au>
+Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
+Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Christian Brauner <christian@brauner.io>
+devi R.K <devi.feb27@gmail.com>
+Dmitry Safonov <dima@arista.com>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
+Eric Rannaud <e@nanocritical.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Julia Suvorova <jusual@mail.ru>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Krzysztof Małysa <varqox@gmail.com>
+Marc Lehmann <debian-reportbug@plan9.de>
+Matthew Bobrowski <mbobrowski@mbobrowski.org>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Galassi <michael@galassi.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pablo M. Ronchi <pmronchi@yahoo.com.ar>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+openat2.2
+ Aleksa Sarai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new openat2(2) syscall
+
+pidfd_getfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
+ New manual page documenting the pidfd_getfd() system call
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite DESCRIPTION
+ Improve structure and readability, at the same time incorporating
+ text and details that were formerly in select_tut(2). Also
+ move a few details in other parts of the page into DESCRIPTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate the discussion of pselect into a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate historical glibc pselect() details under one subhead
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate info on usleep() emulation in one place
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place the discussion of the self-pipe technique in a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that FD_SET() and FD_CLR() do not return errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove details of historical #include requirements
+ The POSIX situation has been the norm for a long time now,
+ and including ancient details overcomplicates the page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some ancient information about pre-POSIX types for 'timeout'
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate duplication of info across select_tut.2 and select2
+ There was a lot of a duplication of info in SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION
+ RETURN VALUE, and SEE ALSO. Move all of the info to one place:
+ the select(2) page.
+
+sysvipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite this page as just a summary of the System V IPC APIs
+ All of the other details in this page have by now been moved into
+ the relevant *ctl(2) pages.
+
+time_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrei Vagin, Dmitry Safonov, Thomas Gleixner]
+ New page documenting time namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+arch_prctl.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Add ARCH_SET_CPUID subcommand
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Document CLOCK_TAI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+
+prctl.2
+ Mike Christie [Michal Hocko, Michael Kerrisk, Bart Van Assche]
+ Document PR_SETIO_FLUSHER/GET_IO_FLUSHER
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWTIME
+
+statx.2
+ Eric Biggers
+ Document STATX_ATTR_VERITY
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWTIME
+
+socket.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add description of SO_SELECT_ERR_QUEUE
+ Alejandro Colomar [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SO_TIMESTAMPNS
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a few mentions of the ancient "Linux libc"
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Global formatting fix: disfavor nonstandard .TP indents
+ In many cases, these don't improve readability, and (when stacked)
+ they sometimes have the side effect of sometimes forcing text
+ to be justified within a narrow column range.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christian Brauner]
+ Fix clumsy wording around "nonnegative file descriptors"
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Helge Deller [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Consecutive calls for CLOCK_MONOTONIC may return same value
+ Consecutive calls to clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) are guaranteed
+ to return MONOTONIC values, which means that they either return
+ the *SAME* time value like the last call, or a later (higher) time
+ value.
+ Eric Rannaud
+ Dynamic POSIX clock devices can return other errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of CPU-time clocks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE is not settable
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CPU-time clocks are not settable.
+ Explicitly note that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that CLOCK_TAI is nonsettable
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that CLOCK_MONOTONIC is system-wide
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for attempt to set a nonsettable clock
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text in BUGS to NOTES
+ The fact that CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID and
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID are not settable isn't a bug,
+ since POSIX does allow the possibility that these clocks
+ are not settable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add time_namespaces(7)
+
+clock_nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_nanosleep() can also sleep against CLOCK_TAI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_nanosleep() also supports CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Presumably (and from a quick glance at the source code)
+ since Linux 2.6.39, when CLOCK_BOOTTIME was introduced.
+
+clock_nanosleep.2
+timer_create.2
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add various missing errors
+ Mostly verified by testing and reading the code.
+
+ There is unfortunately quite a bit of inconsistency across API~s:
+
+ clock_gettime clock_settime clock_nanosleep timer_create timerfd_create
+
+ CLOCK_BOOTTIME y n (EINVAL) y y y
+ CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1]
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC y n (EINVAL) y y y
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
+ CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
+ CLOCK_REALTIME y y y y y
+ CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM y n (EINVAL) y [1] y [1] y [1]
+ CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE y n (EINVAL) n (ENOTSUP) n (ENOTSUP) n (EINVAL)
+ CLOCK_TAI y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
+ CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
+ CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID y n (EINVAL) n (EINVAL [2]) y n (EINVAL)
+ pthread_getcpuclockid() y n (EINVAL) y y n (EINVAL)
+
+ [1] The caller must have CAP_WAKE_ALARM, or the error EPERM results.
+
+ [2] This error is generated in the glibc wrapper.
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Dumazet]
+ Update the details on AF_UNSPEC
+ Update the details on AF_UNSPEC and circumstances in which
+ socket can be reconnected.
+
+dup.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pidfd_getfd(2)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various minor additions and clarifications
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ A few minor additions and rewrites
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subhead for the discussion of effect on process attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that argv[argc] == NULL in the new program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: ENOENT does not occur for missing shared libraries
+ See http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12241.
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that raw _exit() system call terminates only the calling thread
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: add reference to example in inotify(7)
+
+io_submit.2
+ Julia Suvorova
+ Add IOCB_CMD_POLL opcode
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox]
+ ERRORS: ENXIO can also occur SEEK_DATA in middle of hole at end of file
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
+ Incorporate some (ancient) comments about MADV_HUGEPAGE
+ Back in 2011, a mail from Andrea Arcangeli noted some details
+ that I never got round to incorporating into the manual page.
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subhead for the 'flags' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some text hidden at the end of DESCRIPTION to NOTES
+
+msgctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Copy information on 'msqid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is relevant (only) for basename of 'pathname'
+ Aleksa Sarai
+ Add references to new openat2(2) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note EINVAL error for invalid character in basename of 'pathname'
+
+pidfd_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention pidfd_getfd(2)
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) in the introductory paragraph
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of EFAULT error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description of ENOMEM error
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust header file includes in example
+ Employ <sys/select.h>, rather than the historical header files.
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Copy information on 'semid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to the example in shmop(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
+
+semget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: add an example program
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to the semop(2) example in shmop(2)
+
+shmctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add information on permission bits (based on sysvipc(7) text)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execute permission is not needed for shmat() SHM_EXEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Copy information on 'shmid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some small improvements to the description of the 'shmid_ds' structure
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to the example in shmop(2)
+
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: add a pair of example programs
+ Add example programs demonstrating usage of shmget(2), shmat(2),
+ semget(2), semctl(2), and semop(2).
+
+sigaction.2
+signal.7
+ Zack Weinberg
+ Document kernel bugs in delivery of signals from CPU exceptions
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify definitions of timestamp fields
+ In particular, make it clear that atime and mtime relate to the
+ file *data*.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add new Linux 5.6 system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the 5.x series followed 4.20
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ timer_create(2) also supports CLOCK_TAI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention clock_getres(2) for further details on the various clocks
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
+ Note a case where timerfd_settime() can fail with ECANCELED
+ Michael Kerrisk [devi R.K, Thomas Gleixner]
+ Negative changes to CLOCK_REALTIME may cause read() to return 0
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text for EINVAL for invalid clock ID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to clock_getres(2) for further details on the clocks
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CLONE_NEWCGROUP and CLONE_NEWTIME to example program
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Small improvement to the discussion of 'status' argument
+
+ftok.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: add a reference to the example in semget(2)
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Galassi]
+ EXAMPLE: remove unneeded loop variable
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document era-related locale elements
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add information about AM/PM time format locale elements
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention the respective strftime(3) conversion specifications
+
+sem_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to example code in shm_open(3) and sem_wait(3)
+
+sem_post.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to code example code in shm_open(3)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: add some example programs
+
+strcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrew Micallef, Walter Harms]
+ Rework text describing return value to be clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the comparison is done using unsigned char
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ascii(7)
+
+strftime.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Refer to the relevant nl_langinfo(3) items
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Expand %E and %O description
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Consistently document fall-back format string
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify /proc/[pid]/cmdline mutability
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of cgroups v2 controllers
+ Update the list of cgroups v2 controllers (several controllers
+ were missing).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on cgroup v2 mount options and include 'nsdelegate'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroups v2 'memory_localevents' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add time namespaces information
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some superfluous info from display of /proc/PID/ns links
+
+path_resolution.7
+ Aleksa Sarai
+ Update to mention openat2(2) features
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note SCM message types for SO_TIMESTAMP and SO_TIMESTAMPNS
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mention Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add small subsection on clocks and time namespaces
+
+unix.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Correct example
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefano Garzarella [Jorgen Hansen, Stefan Hajnoczi]
+ Add VMADDR_CID_LOCAL description
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff