crypt.3
mtk, after a Fedora downstream patch
Describe additional encryption algorithms.
- See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
+ See also: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=428280.
errno.3
mtk
Michael Kerrisk
Linux now imposes a floor on the ARG_MAX limit
Starting with Linux 2.6.23, the ARG_MAX limit became
- settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
- compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
- was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
- Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
- of 32 pages is guaranteed.
+ settable via (1/4 of) RLIMIT_STACK. This broke ABI
+ compatibility if RLIMIT_STACK was set such that ARG_MAX
+ was < 32 pages. Document the fact that since 2.6.25
+ Linux imposes a floor on ARG_MAX, so that the old limit
+ of 32 pages is guaranteed.
For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in
- kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
+ kernels 2.6.23 and 2.6.25, see:
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101,
checked into 2.6.25 as
- commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
+ commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
Also some reordering/rewording of the discussion of ARG_MAX.
Michael Kerrisk
Note lack of glibc wrapper; caller must use syscall(2)
Glibc doesn't (and quite probably won't) include a
- wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
- potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
- the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
- syscall() is used.
+ wrapper for this system call. Therefore, point out that
+ potential callers will need to use syscall(2), and rewrite
+ the RETURN VALUE text to show things as they would be if
+ syscall() is used.
Michael Kerrisk
Refer reader to posix_fallocate(3) for portable interface
Add a para to start of page that points out that this is the
low-level, Linux-specific API, and point the reader to
- posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
+ posix_fallocate(3) for the portable API.
getdents.2
readdir.3
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/linux_dirent/
The structure isn't currently defined in glibc headers,
- and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
+ and the kernel name of the structure is 'linux_dirent' (as
was already used in some, but not all, places in this page).
getrlimit.2
Michael Kerrisk
Split umount*() out into a separate page
The length of this page means that it's becoming difficult
- to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
- umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
- its own page.
+ to parse which info is specific to mount() versus
+ umount()/umount2(), so split the umount material out into
+ its own page.
pause.2
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk
s/dirent/old_linux_dirent/
Nowadays, this is the name of the structure in the
- kernel sources.
+ kernel sources.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove words "which may change"
These words are slightly bogus: although the interface
- is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
- should never be changing this interface.
+ is obsolete, for ABI-compatibility reasons, the kernel folk
+ should never be changing this interface.
Michael Kerrisk
Remove header files from SYNOPSIS
glibc doesn't provide any support for readdir(2),
Michael Kerrisk
Explain how thread's pending signal set is defined
The pending set is the union of per-thread pending signals
- and process-wide pending signals.
+ and process-wide pending signals.
sigprocmask.2
Michael Kerrisk
hsearch.3
André Goddard Rosa
Call hdestroy() after using hash table created by hcreate(),
- for the sake of completeness
+ for the sake of completeness
mq_getattr.3
Michael Kerrisk
added. (strerror() was already in the list in POSIX.1-2001.)
Michael Kerrisk
Tweak text on sigpause() cancellation point
- In POSIX.1-2009, this function moves from the "must be"
+ In POSIX.1-2008, this function moves from the "must be"
to the "may be" list.
Michael Kerrisk
Add ref to signal(7) for further info on use of real-time signals
fstatat.2
Michael Kerrisk [David Howells]
Document AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
- This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
+ This flag was added in Linux 2.6.38.
lseek.2
Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake, Sunil Mushran]
Neil Horman
Document the SO_RXQ_OVFL socket option
Michael Kerrisk
- Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
+ Add kernel version number for SO_RXQ_OVFL
New and changed links
"fileutils", which long ago become coreutils, and the
piece under NOTES note some behavior of sync(2)
that ceased to be true many years ago. The man-pages
- project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
+ project generally focuses on only Linux kernel and
(g)libc interfaces, so this sync(8) page doesn't really
- belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
- covers the same command. After discussions on the
- coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
- man-pages.
+ belong. Furthermore, coreutils has a sync(1) page which
+ covers the same command. After discussions on the
+ coreutils list, I've decided to retire this page from
+ man-pages.
Changes to individual pages
---------------------------
Michael Kerrisk
Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
_POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
- obsolete bu _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
+ obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
in the feature test macro requirements section of the
SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Word "descriptor" more precisely
- Use either "file descriptor" or message queue descriptor".
+ Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
Various pages
Michael Kerrisk
Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev]
Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables
These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com>
+Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org>
+Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
+Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
+Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com>
+Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
+"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+ Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as
+ BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME.
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls
+ Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as
+ the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls.
+
+nextup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing mount namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document flags used to set propagation type
+ Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the MS_REC flag
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley]
+ Document ptrace access modes
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+preadv2.2
+pwritev2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to readv(2)
+
+nextdown.3
+nextdownf.3
+nextdownl.3
+nextupf.3
+nextupl.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to nextup(3)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the output of ldd
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Drop --old-style description
+ The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style
+ option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with
+ localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16
+ years and I doubt anyone uses it.
+
+add_key.2
+ Mitch Walker
+ Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct an ENOSYS error description
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart]
+ Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
+ Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE
+ equivalences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations
+ At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the
+ FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart]
+ Fix descriptions of various timeouts
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ The page as originally written carried text that said the page may
+ be freely distributed but made no statement about modification.
+ In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact
+ seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a
+ small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose
+ rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original,
+ but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text,
+ I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that
+ modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the
+ original author to grant permission to modify was simply an
+ oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have
+ changed the page have taken that to be the case.)
+
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Fix prototype for get_mempolicy()
+ In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *'
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent
+ The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error,
+ where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in
+ DESCRIPTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2)
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Shawn Landden
+ Note about SECURITY_YAMA
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Clarify the meaning if sig==0
+
+lookup_dcookie.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups
+ The existing text makes no differentiation between different
+ "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as
+ MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general
+ type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the
+ choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in
+ a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple
+ flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to
+ reflect these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES
+ The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location;
+ NOTES is a better location.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount
+ This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/
+ Omar Sandoval
+ MS_BIND still ignores mountflags
+ This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT
+ The behavior changed in Linux 3.17.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL
+ The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example list of filesystem types
+ Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page
+ In preparation for other reworking.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only
+
+open.2
+ Eric Biggers
+ Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE
+
+pciconfig_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay
+ to change the license to note that the page can be modified.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Jann Horn
+ Document new perf_event_paranoid default
+ Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver]
+ Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0
+ The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes
+ a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the
+ current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit
+ words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to
+ make this behavior explicit.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements in timer slack description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to
+ the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5).
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation
+ Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks,
+ and make a few other minor tweaks and additions.
+ Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn
+ Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby]
+ 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks
+ This error appears to have been injected into glibc
+ when copying some headers from BSD.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/825548
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ
+
+setfsgid.2
+setfsuid.2
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper
+ See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1.
+ (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and update various pieces
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+umount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL
+
+assert.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Improved description
+ Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide
+ the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it
+ is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to
+ exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of
+ recommendations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of message printed by assert()
+
+fmax.3
+fmin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fdim(3)
+
+getauxval.3
+ Cownie, James H
+ Correct AT_HWCAP result description
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Mention byte order
+
+malloc_hook.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook
+
+memmem.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note that memmem() is present on some other systems
+
+mkdtemp.3
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1)
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion]
+ Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat()
+ In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating
+ Schlemiel The Painter.
+
+strtoul.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add a64l(3)
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove NOTES section
+ strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the
+ POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221
+
+console_codes.4
+console_ioctl.4
+tty.4
+vcs.4
+charsets.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove console(4) references
+ 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
+ references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
+ to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
+ The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int'
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes.
+
+st.4
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Fix description of read() when block is larger than request
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6
+ Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match
+ the changes in kernel version 4.6.
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc
+ charmap files are using currently.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add readelf(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document missing keywords, minor updates
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust conformance
+
+proc.5
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5)
+ There was partial duplication, and some extra information
+ in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5).
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7)
+ Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ to mount_namespaces(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"]
+ Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to mount_namespaces(7)
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a detail on use of securebits
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error
+
+cp1251.7
+cp1252.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+koi8-r.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add some charset references
+ Add some references to related charsets here and there.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add runuser(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sudo(8)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h>
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Add a few more details on formatting conventions
+ Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting.
+ Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions,
+ and "general".
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently
+ Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description
+ This is a duplicate of information in proc(5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces
+
+netlink.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Describe netlink socket options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information
+ (No changes in technical details.)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of socket permissions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
+ Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
+ Update text on socket permissions on other systems
+ At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write
+ permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10,
+ some light testing suggested that write permission is still
+ not checked on that system.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets
+ W. Trevor King
+ Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace
+ Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged
+ operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many
+ privileged operations relate to resources that have no
+ association with any namespace type, and only processes
+ with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those
+ operations.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a
+ noninitial userns.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts
+ With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user
+ namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and
+ not hierarchies that have a controller).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a concrete example of capability checking
+ Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in
+ an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged
+ operation.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces
+ Linux 3.12, not 3.11.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+utf-8.7:
+ Shawn Landden
+ Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
+ The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
+ but the text is ambiguous.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
+Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
+Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Updated information regarding disk quota flags
+ Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
+ of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
+ publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
+ Added information regarding structure definitions used for
+ XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
+ information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
+ usage of kernel UAPI header.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Additions regarding project quotas
+ Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
+
+bswap.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Jann Horn
+ Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
+ CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
+ a good interface.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+bswap_16.3
+bswap_32.3
+bswap_64.3
+ New link to new bswap.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix section ordering
+ Various pages had sections in an order different from
+ that prescribed in man-pages(7).
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+ Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
+ within the section.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from page self reference
+ Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
+ and include a section number in that reference. Such references
+ cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
+ page.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
+ Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
+ DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix kernel version references
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+clone.2
+ Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
+ Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
+ Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
+ These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
+ Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
+ the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
+ raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
+ Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
+ If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
+ file offset and status flags via the open file description.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention kcmp() under notes
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Mike Crowe
+ Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS information
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
+ F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
+ the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
+ are used for subsequent permission checks.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
+ Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
+ integrity completion.
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+getsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description to be somewhat clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the definition of "session ID"
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
+ The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
+ in vdso(7).
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
+
+mlock.2
+ Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
+ Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
+ Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
+ Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
+ Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
+ /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
+ program to handle that possibility.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
+ Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
+ Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
+
+select_tut.2
+ Peter Wu
+ Fix various issues in example program
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to credentials(7)
+
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
+ Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
+ a controlling terminal.
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add get_thread_area() to NAME
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
+ Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
+ There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
+ not provide a waitpid() system call.
+
+bindresvport.3
+rcmd.3
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+
+byteorder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
+
+endian.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
+ Correct feature test macro requirements
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
+
+getumask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
+ not 200112L.
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
+ Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
+ Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
+ Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
+
+resolver.3
+ Ray Bellis
+ Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
+ People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
+ context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
+ If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
+ symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
+ Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
+ than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
+ in an earlier commit message.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
+ Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
+ of /proc/PID files.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
+ These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
+ Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
+ Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
+
+glob.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
+ Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
+ Document FIONREAD
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+ Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
+ a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
+ kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
+ The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
+ than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
+ where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
+ Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of LD_DEBUG
+ Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
+ categories can be specified.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
+ libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
+ with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
+ following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of "ELF only"
+ Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
+ ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
+ with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-12-12, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
+Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com>
+Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
+Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
+Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com>
+Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
+Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
+Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2)
+
+pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+strfromd.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3)
+ The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class
+ of functions that convert a float-point value to string.
+
+fuse.4
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing /dev/fuse
+ This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after
+ playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully
+ incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working
+ on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the
+ near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a
+ handy reference for others looking at this interface.
+
+ [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page,
+ it's a good base for future extension.]
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem
+
+pkeys.7
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget]
+ New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness
+ Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
+ as well as new material.
+
+sock_diag.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin
+ New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface
+
+close.2
+getpriority.2
+nice.2
+timer_create.2
+timerfd_create.2
+random.4
+elf.5
+proc.5
+sched.7
+ Various authors
+ These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under
+ "Changes to individual pages".
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN
+
+mprotect.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support
+ Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context
+ switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
+ Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as
+ /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new
+ EOVERFLOW error return.
+ Dave Hansen
+ PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES
+ It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS)
+ are lost.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith]
+ Document the autogroup feature
+ Includes documenting autogroup nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases
+ When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros)
+ there are many traditional use cases where the nice value
+ ceases to have any effect.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to relocated killpg(3) page
+
+pkey_free.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page
+
+pkey_mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to mprotect(2)
+
+pthread_setattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+
+strfromf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+strfroml.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details
+ It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away.
+ Remove some ancient details from the pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t'
+ We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion.
+
+adjtimex.2
+clock_getres.2
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8)
+
+bind.2
+connect.2
+getpeername.2
+getsockname.2
+getsockopt.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2)
+ The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated
+ across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2),
+ where some details about this type are provided.
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chmod(1)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chroot(1)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
+ TID before clone() returns to user space
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner]
+ Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling
+ Further clarify that an error return should be used only
+ for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error
+ Looking at some historical source code suggests
+ that the "close() always closes regardless of error return"
+ behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems
+
+fallocate.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document behavior with shared blocks
+ Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to
+ guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC.
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW
+ To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit
+ in fanotify_mark().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size
+ Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps
+ the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in
+ Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached
+
+fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval]
+ Fix the discussion of maximum sizes
+ Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and
+ src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect
+ what's actually in the kernel.
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(3)
+ fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3)
+ and fsync(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fflush(3)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Andrew Clayton
+ FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hostname(1)
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of getpriority() return value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ to the permitted range.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of setpriority() return value
+
+getpriority.2
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7)
+ Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical.
+
+getrandom.2
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness
+ Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
+ spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
+ opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
+ somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
+ page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
+ expressed about the existing text in random(4).
+ [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new
+ random(7) page.]
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove material incorporated into random(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kill(1)
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter]
+ Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute
+
+mbind.2
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1)
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific
+
+nice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance
+ Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the
+ raw system call (still) returns 0 on success.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE
+ This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text
+ a little.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add cycles field in LBR records
+ Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
+ last branch records.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update time_shift sample code
+ Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits
+
+ptrace.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps
+ In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and
+ syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and
+ their interaction with the various forms of restart.
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels
+
+reboot.2
+ Wang Long
+ Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value
+ The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7).
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange]
+ Mention SCHED_DEADLINE
+ Give the reader a clue that there is another policy
+ available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document changed interaction with ptrace
+ Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again
+ after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters
+
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat list of modes
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+ List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery
+ of autogrouping.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+sync_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description for ESPIPE error
+ A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect()
+ New system calls in Linux 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ppc_swapcontext(2)
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add unlink(2)
+
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add touch(1)
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4().
+
+atof.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+ctime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add glibc error text for EILSEQ
+
+fclose.3
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(2)
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+isalpha.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+killpg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move killpg.2 from section to section 3
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value of M_PERTURB
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character
+ Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character
+ is found at end of the input buffer.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Improve language relating to "initial state"
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add missing include to example program
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172
+
+mq_close.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3)
+
+mq_open.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open()
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF
+
+printf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far)
+
+remainder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
+ has been fixed in glibc 2.15.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors
+ The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
+ was fixed in glibc 2.15.
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics
+
+strtod.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
+ was fixed in glibc 2.19.
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Add RETURN VALUE section
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Properly document tmpnam_r(3)
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes
+ Miroslav Koskar
+ Add K_OFF keyboard mode
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to new random(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework formatting of /proc interfaces
+ Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
+ descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget]
+ Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom
+ This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
+ serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
+ suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
+ (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only
+ suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
+ since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming
+ language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
+ security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
+ kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o]
+ Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals
+ The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
+ /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from
+ /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing.
+ If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
+ there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
+ handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
+ reflect this.
+
+elf.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add subsection headers at major points
+ The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
+ with no real visual break up between logically independent
+ sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
+ read and scan.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document notes
+ Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that
+ contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only
+ included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not
+ defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fuse(4)
+
+proc.5
+ Dave Hansen
+ Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files
+ sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
+ and /proc/PID/autogroup.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output
+
+proc.5
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7)
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer]
+ Timeout does not map to resolver API calls
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add users(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shadow(5)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5
+ Just for historical interest. Details taken from
+ http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html.
+
+mdoc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7)
+ This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written
+ before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page.
+ Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page.
+
+netlink.7
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Add references to sock_diag(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum]
+ Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and
+ /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give the page a more generic NAME
+ The page isn't just about APIs.
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "example.com" as example domain
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-03-13, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
+Alex <psybin@riseup.net>
+Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
+Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com>
+Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com>
+Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com>
+Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com>
+Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com>
+KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com>
+Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
+Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net>
+Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
+Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me>
+Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net>
+Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+add_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Major improvements and additions
+ The page has doubled in length.
+
+ioctl_iflags.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau]
+ A vast number of additions and improvements
+ The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over
+ 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface
+ provided by this system call.
+
+getentropy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getentropy(3)
+ getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25.
+
+keyrings.7
+ David Howells
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/keys
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/key-users
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc files that define key quotas
+
+persistent-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various clean-ups and additions
+
+process-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and improvements
+
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ The page is now three times its former length.
+
+session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and additions
+
+signal-safety.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from
+ signal(7). Along the way some more details got added.
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+
+thread-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+user-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and improvements
+
+user-session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25)
+ Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+explicit_bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to bzero.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clone() does not execute fork handlers
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support was added in version 2.25
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Document E2BIG errors
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object"
+ Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7).
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Brian Masney
+ Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate extra E2BIG error text
+ Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
+ was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
+ the two texts.
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions
+ The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
+ for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
+ since the reader can then deduce how things work.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance
+
+mbind.2
+ Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update MPOL_BIND description
+ The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3)
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mincore(2)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type
+
+nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "creeping sleep" problem
+ nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
+ signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
+ Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
+ provides a solution.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX
+
+poll.2
+select.2
+ Nicolas Biscos
+ Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2)
+ A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that
+ discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's
+ sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being
+ done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs).
+ As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for
+ the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future
+ writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make
+ the same mistake.
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+ It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about
+ /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize some text
+ Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES.
+ Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more
+ obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore'
+ Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view
+ of which pages of a file are currently cached.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull]
+ Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mincore(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread
+ Keno Fischer
+ Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Omar Sandoval
+ Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo]
+ Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read
+ Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read
+ to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler.
+ That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)!
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file
+ There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat]
+ Remove duplicate paragraph
+ man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing
+ paragraph. Remove that duplicate.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7)
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7)
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries
+ See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals
+ Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid
+ memory access can be caught only with a handler.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting
+
+statfs.2
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Add more filesystem types
+ Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add endian details with 64-bit splitting
+ Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
+ usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
+ means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the
+ readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
+ way more common than big endian).
+
+ Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
+ to.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs
+ While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
+ they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
+ than expose the padding to userspace.
+
+tkill.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files
+
+vfork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the child should not call exit(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some caveats re the use of vfork()
+ Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/.
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)
+
+bcmp.3
+bcopy.3
+bzero.3
+memccpy.3
+memchr.3
+memcmp.3
+memcpy.3
+memfrob.3
+memmem.3
+memmove.3
+memset.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller]
+ Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname'
+ For consistency with open(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection headings for each function
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: better error handling
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic]
+ EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input
+ Jann Horn
+ Document ENOMEM error case
+ see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better variable name in example program
+
+getmntent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin]
+ Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of error handling and reporting
+ The existing description was hard to understand. Break
+ it into a bullet list that separates out the details
+ in a manner that is easier to parse.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Remove some redundant text
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page
+ Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
+ having to refer to mq_getattr(3).
+
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro
+ The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the
+ __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high()
+ definitions.
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'q' length modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer]
+ Fix a small bug in example code
+ Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
+ precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
+ all cases.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3))
+
+random.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument
+ The information was a bit hidden in NOTES.
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak]
+ 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some usage notes for setstate_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf'
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated
+ These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they
+ are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+resolver.3
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson]
+ Fix errors in example program
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/848231.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve logic of the example program
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions
+
+sem_post.3
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia]
+ Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting
+ This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description
+ of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains
+ the historical details.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner]
+ Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection
+ The existing text is not a bug, as such.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: minor reworking
+
+strerror.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()
+ Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
+ strerror_r() and strerror_l().
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari]
+ Fix comparison error in example program
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system()
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen]
+ Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The target of core dump piping can also be a script
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5)
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems
+ There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various
+ pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems.
+ Change intro(5) to reflect that.
+
+ Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior
+ /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
+ *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors
+ Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
+ that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler]
+ Add subsection with notes to kernel developers
+ Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose
+ which capability should govern a new kernel feature.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(8)
+
+man.7
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs
+ Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types
+ Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the
+ default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED.
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: rename the example program
+ Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded
+ in various ways in the future.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2)
+
+netlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_RDMA to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update libnl homepage URL
+ The original URL is 404.
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Keno Fischer
+ CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages
+ The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
+ is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
+ See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+ A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive
+ in the auxiliary vector.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call"
+ This is the more typical definition.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a name for SIGEMT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko]
+ Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC
+ This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page
+ was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau]
+ Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
+Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
+Frank Theile
+Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
+Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de>
+Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport
+ New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd
+
+statx.2
+ David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger]
+ New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
+ New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call.
+
+pthread_atfork.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing pthread_atfork(3)
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality
+ There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page
+ was in any case hugely out of date.
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with information about inodes
+ David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of
+ the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication
+ by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2)
+ to a new page.
+
+
+Renamed pages
+--------------
+
+ioctl_console.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from console_ioctl.4
+ Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there
+ for consistency.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note type of 'argp' for a various operations
+ For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type
+ of the 'argp' argument.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from tty_ioctl(4)
+ All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this
+ page consistent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9
+
+socket.7
+ Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_INCOMING_CPU
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2)
+
+chmod.2
+fsync.2
+mkdir.2
+mknod.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+umask.2
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add/replace references to inode(7)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC
+ Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
+ the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
+ is ENOSPC.
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero
+ 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and
+ EPOLLERR to be reported.
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper"
+ It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes
+ are inherited by PID 1.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals
+ Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can
+ be employed with file seals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files
+ As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to
+ memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment
+ and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds
+ the following line that applies to all new shmem files:
+
+ info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+ Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this
+ setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create):
+
+ if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)
+ info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3)
+
+getdents.2
+open.2
+stat.2
+statx.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inode(7)
+
+getdtablesize.2
+attr.5
+ Alexander Miller
+ Move .so directive to first line
+ Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools
+ that process man page files.
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann]
+ BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document ENOTTY
+
+kexec_load.2
+sched_setaffinity.2
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2)
+ Both of these pages discuss file holes.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems
+ MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have
+ appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here
+ mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to
+ be relevant long ago. So, remove this text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of POLLPRI
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+prctl.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement
+ The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it
+ up to all users.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior
+ The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not
+ zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell]
+ Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask'
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument
+ As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures,
+ it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals
+
+socketcall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document call argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information migrated to inode(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "Other systems" subsection
+ These details about other systems were added in 1999,
+ and were probably of limited use then, and even less today.
+ However, they do clutter the page, so remove them.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some subsection headings to ease readability
+ David Howells
+ ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf')
+ Marcin Ślusarz
+ Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH
+ Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something
+ other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap
+ the order of sentences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add membarrier(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux 4.11 added statx()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Add correct header file for explicit_bzero()
+
+cfree.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of zombie processes
+
+getentropy.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer]
+ Correct header file
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration
+
+grantpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do
+
+insque.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add queue(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add insque(3)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5)
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms]
+ Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1)
+
+ttyname.3
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document ENODEV error code
+ Christian Brauner
+ NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Jan Heberer
+ RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description
+ Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to
+ -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Florian Weimer
+ Mention sudoers
+ It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry
+ Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to
+ that page.
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes
+
+environ.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR
+ tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike
+ tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp.
+
+hostname.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use lower case for hostname example
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use generic names in examples
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe accepted characters for hostname
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss]
+ Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Stephan Bergmann
+ Fixes to example
+ While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the
+ user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things:
+
+ * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before
+ looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print
+ information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real
+ init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped.
+
+ * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the
+ child before exec'ing.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
+
+pty.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2)
+ Chema Gonzalez
+ tcp_abc was removed in 3.9
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+ People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link
+ to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache
+
+zdump.8
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add OPTIONS section heading
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-07-13, London
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
+Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
+Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
+Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
+Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
+Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
+lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
+Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
+石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
+ Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
+ (disk-based) filesystem.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
+ The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
+ epoll_ctl().
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
+ SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
+
+getpid.2
+ Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
+ Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
+
+ Rationale given in the release notes:
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix ordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: order alphabetically
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
+ but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
+
+membarrier.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
+
+mount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
+ MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
+ flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
+ uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
+ per-filesystem flag.
+
+ So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
+ MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
+
+seccomp.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
+ In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
+ ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
+ implementation:
+
+ if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
+ return (set_errno(EINVAL));
+
+ And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
+
+ if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
+ return (EINVAL);
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
+ for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
+ And it was not needed :-(.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor reworking of the text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
+
+splice.2
+tee.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
+
+acosh.3
+asinh.3
+atanh.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
+ dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
+ loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
+ (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
+ understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the code example, and show sample output
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List values for the 'p_type' field
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
+
+flockfile.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an errors section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
+
+grantpt.3
+ptsname.3
+unlockpt.3
+ Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Douglas Caetano dos Santos
+ Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
+ POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
+ corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
+ Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
+
+strtol.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention 0X prefix
+ The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
+
+ See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
+ Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
+ who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
+ is not changed on a successful return.
+
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix error in feature test macro requirements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ DJ Delorie
+ Clarify group merge rules
+ This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
+ and how duplicate entries are merged.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
+ Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
+ SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
+ Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further explanation of the example shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a bug in shell session example
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
+
+man.7
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention signal.h header file
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
+ Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
+ (Change was in Linux 3.8.)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
+ Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
+ Ruben Kerkhof
+ Change default value of tcp_frto
+ The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
+ (Linux 2.6.24).
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+ ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+
+ Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
+ The most recent question was here:
+ https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
+
+ We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
+ situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
+ immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
+ Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
+ paragraph, to make it more obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
+ In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
+ directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
+ a library to be marked in this way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
+ Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
+Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
+Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
+Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
+Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
+Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
+Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_mutex_consistent.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
+ New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
+ Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
+ over time.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
+ Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
+ F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
+ Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ The preferred form is
+
+ .PP/.IP
+ .in +4n
+ .EX
+ <code>
+ .EE
+ .in
+ .PP/.IP
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
+ Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
+ than in code examples), since they create large vertical
+ spaces between text blocks.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Use en-dash for ranges
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
+
+add_key.2
+backtrace.3
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update Linux documentation pointers
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
+ There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
+ kernel version to 4.12.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
+ This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Thiago Jung Bauermann
+ Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
+
+getrlimit.2
+mmap.2
+malloc.3
+ Jonas Grabber
+ RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the operation of robust futex lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update uffdio_api.features description
+ There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
+ for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
+ space would like to enable.
+
+io_submit.2
+ Sage Weil
+ Acknowledge possibility of short return
+ Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
+ if not all iocbs were queued at once.
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
+ These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update kernel documentation path reference
+
+move_pages.2
+ Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
+ Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
+
+open.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Improve O_PATH documentation
+ - fstatfs is now permitted.
+ - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
+ - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
+ triggering the mount.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ptrace.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
+ Fix an off-by-one error in example code
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
+ Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
+
+_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
+ A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
+ page isn't very useful...
+
+sysfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
+
+umount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise MNT_FORCE description
+ MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
+ MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
+ transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
+
+ Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
+
+unshare.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
+
+cmsg.3
+ Sukadev Bhattiprolu
+ Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
+
+crypt.3
+ Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
+
+exp2.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation
+
+log1p.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
+
+matherr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
+
+pow10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
+ Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
+ starting with version 2.27.
+
+sincos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
+
+cciss.4
+hpsa.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
+ Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
+ During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
+ removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
+ some legacy board support.
+
+initrd.4
+proc.5
+bootparam.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
+
+initrd.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
+
+intro.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to existing locales for encoding details
+ Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
+ explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
+ proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
+ existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
+ exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
+
+proc.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
+ This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
+ according to historic Linux repository commit log.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of timer_stats file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show command used to mount /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+ This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
+ tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
+ The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
+ Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
+ format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
+ improvements in the part of the man page.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
+ Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
+ file capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
+ Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
+
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document description restriction for logon keys
+ "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
+ prefix in key descriptions.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add pointers to kernel's documentation
+ Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
+ security/keys for some reason.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
+
+netlink.7
+ David Wilder
+ Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
+ Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
+
+tcp.7
+ Vincent Bernat
+ tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
+ And it is completely broken.
+
+unicode.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
+Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
+Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
+Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
+David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
+Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
+Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
+Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
+Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
+Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
+Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
+Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
+Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
+Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
+Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
+Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
+Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
+Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_spin_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
+ Florian Weimer]
+ New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_spin_lock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
+ Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
+ and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
+
+veth.4
+ Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
+ Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
+
+
+Removed pages
+-------------
+
+infnan.3:
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
+ of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
+ ago. Time to remove the man page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+userfaultfd.2
+ Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
+ Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
+
+madvise.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
+ Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Mike Kravetz
+ Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
+ hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
+ and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
+ support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+proc.5
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
+ Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/locks
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Document /proc/kpagecgroup
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_spin_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
+
+pthread_spin_trylock.3
+pthread_spin_unlock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
+ When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
+ not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
+ "x86-64" predominant.
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
+ People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
+ to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
+ "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
+
+ In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
+ still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
+ one is supposed to be comparing.
+
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a redundant paragraph
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NFS details to a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
+ Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
+
+fork.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
+
+fork.2
+getsid.2
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Ahmad Fatoum
+ Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
+
+fsync.2
+ Craig Ringer
+ ERRORS: add ENOSPC
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
+ Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
+ https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information for feature bits
+
+io_submit.2
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add iocb details to io_submit
+ Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
+ fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
+ io_submit() call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update example to take TSO into account
+ The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
+ x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
+ ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
+ explicit barriers on TSO.
+
+ So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
+ architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
+ barriers on x86.
+
+ Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
+ reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
+ configured for nohz_full.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the limit for size of 'name'
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
+ Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
+ the main text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
+
+mremap.2
+ Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
+ Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
+ Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
+ mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
+ the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
+ mapping'.
+
+ A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
+ duplicate a private mapping will fail.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
+ BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
+ Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
+ follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
+ for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
+ Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
+ operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
+ read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
+ should require read permission.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
+ /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
+ NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
+ Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
+ rather than a promise.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
+ Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Breno Leitao
+ Fix argument order
+ Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
+ first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
+ The second argument is the one that should specify the
+ page access rights.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
+ The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
+ the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
+ reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
+ SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
+ wait() in the parent process.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
+ [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
+ wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
+ Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "default" filter return action
+ The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
+ return action values.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
+ In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
+ switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
+ SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
+ to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
+
+send.2
+ Grégory Vander Schueren
+ Add EALREADY to ERRORS
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Yubin Ruan
+ Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
+ Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
+ a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
+ information about the ucontext argument.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit error handling to example code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add use of sigaction() to example code
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
+ Use lstat() instead of stat()
+ It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
+ since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
+ also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
+ NeilBrown
+ Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
+ Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
+ functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
+ Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
+ respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
+ the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comments describing a few filesystem types
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
+ Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
+ Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
+
+write.2
+fsync.2
+close.2
+ NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
+ Update description of error codes
+ Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
+ to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
+
+ Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
+ EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
+ in particular.
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
+
+backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
+ Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
+ backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
+ POSIX.1-2001.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
+ a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
+ text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
+ Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
+ time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
+ cause problems with modern C libraries.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some missing errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
+ POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
+ the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
+ than nonzero.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
+ Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
+ readability. No (intentional) content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
+ Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
+ Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
+ to add error numbers to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
+ Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
+ search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
+ PATH is not defined.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
+ Cristian Rodríguez
+ fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
+
+lround.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
+ Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
+
+makedev.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix the example
+ Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
+ functions that were declared in this header.
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
+ All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
+ As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
+ meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
+ threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
+ that possible misreading.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
+ The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix cruft in code example
+
+stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper section cross references in function list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+ and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
+ Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
+ RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
+ Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
+ Marcus Folkesson
+ Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+arp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
+
+fifo.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
+
+hier.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
+
+icmp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Add a use case for real minus character
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
+ Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
+ PID namespaces.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
+ Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new 340 line idmap limit
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ Simplify language around conferring capabilities
+ The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
+ to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
+ confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
+ simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
+Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
+Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
+QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
+Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
+Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing network namespaces
+ Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the VSOCK socket address family
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'release_agent' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Standardize on "nonzero"
+ Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Library support was added in glibc 2.27
+ Shawn Landden
+ glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
+ Florian Weimer
+ EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EISDIR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
+
+fcntl.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
+ If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
+ affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
+
+mmap.2
+ John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
+ MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
+ MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
+ page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
+ John Hubbard
+ MAP_FIXED updated documentation
+ -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
+ enough detail to allow avoiding them.
+
+ -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
+
+ -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
+
+mount.2
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Point out that error handling is unreliable
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
+ fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
+
+fuse.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
+
+veth.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add network_namespaces(7)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
+ Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
+ the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
+ The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
+ Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
+ capabilities on a file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
+ effective sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
+ * Mention kernel versions.
+ * Place current kernel behavior first
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Add information about RDMA controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
+
+ip.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
+ INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
+ INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
+ byte-order neutral.
+
+namespaces.7
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
+ Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
+ The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
+ priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
+ (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
+ pthread_setschedprio().)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
+Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
+Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
+Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
+Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
+ Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
+ Linux 4.16:
+
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
+ alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+
+mmap.2
+ Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
+ Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
+ Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
+ 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
+ the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
+
+readv.2
+io_submit.2
+ Jürg Billeter
+ Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe file capability versioning
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document namespaced-file capabilities
+ [There's still more work to be done on this new text]
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
+ And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
+ This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
+ forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
+ This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
+ explicitly.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
+
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
+ Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
+ range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
+ be used otherwise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
+ This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
+ unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
+ move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
+ the reader to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
+ As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
+ with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
+
+msgget.2
+semget.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
+ This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
+ could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
+ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
+
+open.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Song Liu
+ Add type kprobe and uprobe
+ Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
+ perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
+ uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
+ information about these types.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
+ The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
+ usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
+ describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
+ harder to understand.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant sentence
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
+ On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
+ architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
+ which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
+ over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
+ execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
+
+shutdown.2
+ Carsten Grohmann
+ SEE ALSO: add close(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ Add riscv
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
+ Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
+ These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
+
+crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
+ The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
+ case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
+ libxcrypt.
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
+ ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve EPIPE error text
+
+getcwd.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Frederic Brault
+ Note default thread stack size for several architectures
+
+tsearch.3
+ Jann Horn
+ Clarify items vs nodes
+ The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
+ item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
+ corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
+ pointer to a pointer to the data item.
+
+ Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
+ sentence.
+ Jann Horn
+ tdelete() can return dangling pointers
+ POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
+ return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
+ returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
+ Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
+ that must not be accessed.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document current mount options
+ Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
+ Style was based on proc(5) sections.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
+ The mount options are now described in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe 'mpol' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'huge' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document mpol=local mount option
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
+ Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
+ When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
+ the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
+ should be compared. This point was already made clear in
+ ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+ /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
+ child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to unix(7)
+ For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
+
+posixoptions.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand XSI Options groups
+ We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
+ and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
+
+ The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
+ realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
+ streams, and legacy interfaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
+ Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
+ remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
+ The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
+ Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
+ gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
+ the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Make lack of separator escaping explicit
+ Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
+ (such as \:) to workaround it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.
projects / thirdparty / man-pages.git / blobdiff