+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.76 ====================
+
+Released: 2014-12-31, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Jiang <jiang.adam@gmail.com>
+Andrea Balboni <andrea.balboni@unimore.it>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
+Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+David Wragg <david@wragg.org>
+Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Huxiaoxiang <huxiaoxiang@huawei.com>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Manuel López-Ibáñez <lopezibanez@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
+Michael Gehring <mg@ebfe.org>
+Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Rasmus Villemoes <rv@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Scott Harvey <scott.harvey@stonybrook.edu>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh.poyarekar@gmail.com>
+Simon Newton <nomis52@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Sven Hoexter <sven@stormbind.net>
+Tobias Werth <werth@cs.fau.de>
+Weijie Yang <weijie.yang.kh@gmail.com>
+Will Newton <will.newton@linaro.org>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+刘湃 <liupai_work@163.com>
+尹杰 <writalnaie@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Laurent Georget
+ Add fields in struct timex description
+ This patch updates the man page with the new fields added in
+ struct timex since last edition of the man page.
+ Laurent Georget [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document ADJ_TAI
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief documentation of ADJ_MICRO and ADJ_NANO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat return value list
+ And remove numeric values, since they're not needed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other 'modes' bits are ignored on ADJ_OFFSET_*
+ Other bits in 'modes' are ignored if modes contains
+ ADJ_OFFSET_SINGLESHOT or ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nanosecond details
+ Fixes https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=61171.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'times' flags as list
+ And remove numeric values, since they're not needed.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of ADJ_NANO for ADJ_SETOFFSET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment noting that timex structure contains padding bytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more details to description of 'tai' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note meaning of "PLL" abbreviation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which 'timex' field is used by each 'modes' bit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document timex 'status' bits
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify treatment of other 'modes' bits for ADJ_OFFSET_*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update RFC number: RFC 5905 obsoletes RFC 1305
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Briefly document ADJ_SETOFFSET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note PPS (pulse per second) fields in timex structure
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (a lot) more detail on the signal trampoline
+ And rewrite much of the page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+proc.5
+ Bernhard Walle
+ Document /proc/thread-self
+ /proc/thread-self has been introduced in Linux 3.17 with
+ commit 0097875bd41528922fb3bb5f348c53f17e00e2fd.
+ Sven Hoexter [Michael Kerrisk, Kamezawa Hiroyuki]
+ Document "VmSwap" field of /proc/[pid]/status
+ Florian Westphal
+ Document /proc/net/netfilter/nfnetlink_queue
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Mention default path for compiled files
+
+clock_nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'clock_id' can also be a CPU clock ID
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Regular files and directories can't be monitored with epoll_ctl()
+
+ioctl.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Rename 'd' argument to 'fd' in text
+ In most other manpages file descriptors are called 'fd'.
+ This patches renames attribute 'd' to 'fd'.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VERSIONS: Support for madvise() is now configurable
+ Support for this system call now depends on the
+ CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance rationale discussion for openat() and friends
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Mel Gorman
+ Document the behavior of partial page discard requests
+ It is not obvious from the interface that "partial page discard"
+ requests are ignored. It should be spelled out.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
+ ERRORS: Since 2.6.16, the kernel correctly deals with the ESPIPE case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Support for fadvise64() is now configurable
+ Support for this system call now depends on the
+ CONFIG_ADVISE_SYSCALLS configuration option.
+
+prctl.2
+ Andreas Schwab
+ Correct description of null-termination in PR_GET_NAME and PR_SET_NAME
+ The size of the process name has always been at most 16 byte
+ _including_ the null terminator. This also means that the
+ name returned by PR_GET_NAME is always null-terminated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PR_SET_NAME silently truncates strings that exceed 16 bytes
+
+restart_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some text explaining why restart_syscall() exists
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Add paragraph on how to discover set of CPUs available on system
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1) and lscpu(1)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add restart_syscall(2)
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note that interrupted semtimedop() returns 'timeout' unchanged
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information about semtimedop() EAGAIN that is repeated elsewhere
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection head for semtimedop()
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite some pieces and add some details
+ Among other changes, add an explanation of why setsid() can't
+ be called from a process group leader
+
+sgetmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since 3.16, support for these system calls is configurable
+ Support for these calls is now dependent on the setting of the
+ CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL option.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SA_RESTORER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the sa_restorer field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat description of 'fd_in' and 'off_in' to improve readability
+
+syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add errno(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 3.19 adds execveat()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add bpf(2) to list
+
+tee.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add shell session demonstrating use of the example program
+
+tkill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus text saying tgid==-1 makes tgkill() equivalent to tkill()
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that SIGABRT is raised as though raise(3) is called
+ Also note that abort() is POSIX.1-2008 compliant.
+
+cmsg.3
+ David Wragg
+ Ensure buf is suitably aligned in sending example
+ Inspection of the definition of CMSG_FIRSTHDR (both in glibc and
+ the suggested definition in RFC3542) shows that it yields the
+ msg_control field. So when sending, the pointer placed in
+ msg_control should be suitably aligned as a struct cmsghdr.
+ In the sending example, buf was declared as a bare char array,
+ and so is not necessarily suitably aligned.
+
+ The solution here involves placing buf inside a union, and is
+ based on the sockets/scm_rights_send.c sample from The Linux
+ Programming Interface "dist" source code collection.
+
+exp10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Before glibc 2.19, exp() did not give ERANGE error on underflow
+ http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6787
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FTW_CHDIR has no effect on the 'fpath' argument passed to fn()
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Ensure that 'nsecs' is used
+
+ilogb.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Will Newton]
+ Since glibc 2.16, ilogb() does correctly diagnose domain errors
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Haardt
+ Document return value for n==0 case
+ Michael Haardt
+ Warn against use of memcmp() for comparing security-critical data
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the O_CLOEXEC flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'flags' constants in alphabetical order
+
+pow.3
+ Manuel López-Ibáñez
+ Add note on performance characteristics of pow()
+
+pthread_setschedparam.3
+ Simon Newton
+ Fix logic error in example program
+ The example program will crash if -A is used, since 'attr'
+ is uninitialized.
+
+ $ ./a.out -A
+ *** Error in `./a.out': free(): invalid pointer: 0xb779c3c4 ***
+ Aborted (core dumped)
+ 刘湃
+ Small fixes to example program
+
+sigvec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with version 2.21, glibc no longer exports sigvec()
+
+sysconf.3
+ Josh Triplett
+ Document _SC_NGROUPS_MAX
+ Already documented in getgroups(2), but not in sysconf(3).
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tset(1)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.18, errno is correctly set to EDOM when (x == -infinity))
+
+wordexp.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Make it clear that WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution
+ The use of WRDE_NOCMD prevents command substitution. If the flag
+ WRDE_NOCMD is set then no command substitution shall occur and
+ the error WRDE_CMDSUB will be returned if such substitution is
+ requested when processing the words.
+
+ The manual page as-is makes it seem like the command substitution
+ occurs, and an error is returned *after* the substitution.
+ This patch clarifies that.
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe the formats of values
+ locale(5) describes what a locale should define but doesn't
+ spell out how (in what format). The patch attempts to address
+ this, it also has few trivial additional enhancements.
+
+ * Reference to locale(7) for category descriptions.
+ * Clarify first_workday in NOTES a bit.
+ * Add upstream BZ reference for two missing LC_ADDRESS fields.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix miscoded character
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Jan Chaloupka
+ Add missing no-tld-query option
+ Based on commit [1], the no-tld-query option exists for
+ resolv.conf configuration file. Description of this option
+ is provided in [2]. This patch just copies this option
+ into resolv.conf.5 man page. Plus changes 'a' member
+ into 'an' before 'unqualified name as if it ...'
+ on the third line of [2]. Based on [3], this option
+ was added in glibc 2.14 as solving [4] bug.
+
+ [1] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=commitdiff;h=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
+ [2] http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/resolv.conf.5.html man page.
+ [3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=NEWS;h=952f32af17e7fb49c4c1a305de673a13075bfaf5;hb=f87dfb1f11c01f2ccdc40d81e134cd06b32e28e8
+ [4] https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12734
+
+credentials.7
+ Josh Triplett
+ Cross-reference getgroups(2)
+ Since credentials.7 discusses supplementary GIDs, it should
+ reference getgroups(2).
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Allow relative paths in example
+ The current example code requires passing an absolute
+ path to the mount to be watched.
+
+ By passing AT_FDCWD to fanotify_mark it can use both
+ absolute and relative paths.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ fallocate(2) creates no events
+ fallocate(2) should create FAN_MODIFY events but does not.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ fanotify notifies only events generated on the same mount
+ Unfortunately, fanotify does not inform listeners for all paths
+ under which a touched filesystem object is visible, but only the
+ listener using the same path as the process touching the
+ filesystem object.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS to note bugs still not fixed in 3.17
+ I bumped the Linux version number in the BUGS section to 3.17.
+
+inotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ fallocate(2) does not trigger inotify events
+ Calling fallocate(2) does not result in inotify events.
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Improve LOCPATH description
+ LOCPATH is ignored by privileged programs.
+
+ Add locale archive references.
+
+ Add FILES section.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget]
+ Clarify that SEE ALSO entries may refer to pages from other projects
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other "slow devices"
+ Reads from eventfd(2), signalfd(2), timerfd(2), inotify(7),
+ and fanotify(7) file descriptors are also slow operations
+ that are restartable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix SO_RECVTIMEO/ SO_SENDTIMEO confusion in text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 3.8, reads on inotify(7) file descriptors are restartable
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ inotify(7) reads no longer show the odd EINTR error after SIGCONT
+ Since kernel 3.7, reads from inotify(7) file descriptors no longer
+ show the (Linux oddity) behavior of failing with EINTR when the
+ process resumes after a stop signal + SIGCONT.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Harvey]
+ Fix buglet in code snippet in BUGS section
+
+ld.so.8
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Add --inhibit-cache option
+ The dynamic loader has 6 options, only 5 are documented.
+ This patch documents the sixth option i.e. `--inhibit-cache`.
+ Jonathan Wakely [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Correct documentation of $ORIGIN
+ As noted by Siddhesh:
+
+ The ld.so man page says:
+
+ $ORIGIN (or equivalently ${ORIGIN})
+ This expands to the directory containing the
+ application executable. Thus, an application located
+ in somedir/app could be compiled with
+
+ This is incorrect since it expands to the directory containing
+ the DSO and not the application executable. This seems like
+ deliberate behaviour in dl-object.c, so it needs to be fixed in
+ the man page.
+
+ See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26280738/what-is-the-equivalent-of-loader-path-for-rpath-specification-on-linux/26281226#26281226
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.77 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-01-10, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Alexandre Bique <bique.alexandre@gmail.com>
+Andre Majorel <aym-xunil@teaser.fr>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ignat Loskutov <ignat.loskutov@gmail.com>
+Jeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net>
+Jérôme Pouiller <jezz@sysmic.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Troy Davis <troy@yort.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook, Michael Kerrisk, Will Drewry [Andy Lutomirski]
+ New page documenting seccomp(2)
+ Combines documentation from prctl, in-kernel seccomp_filter.txt
+ and dropper.c, along with details specific to the new system call.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+netlink.7
+ Stephan Mueller [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add NETLINK_CRYPTO
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Laurent Georget [Richard Cochran, Jeff Epler]
+ Clarify the 'ppm scaling' used in struct timex
+ This patch makes explicit and clarifies the unit used for
+ the fields "freq", "ppsfreq" and "stabil" in struct timex.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Masanari Iida]
+ Note that TIME_ERROR is the modern synonym for TIME_BAD
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify the PERF_FLAG_FD_* flags
+ This change clarifies the behavior of the PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT and
+ PERF_FLAG_FD_NO_GROUP flags to perf_event_open(), and removes
+ the related FIXME comments.
+
+ While writing tests to validate the behavior of these flags I
+ discovered that PERF_FLAG_FD_OUTPUT has been broken since the
+ 2.6.35 kernel release.
+
+prctl.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of Intel MPX calls
+ The 3.19 kernel will have support for Intel MPX, including
+ a pair of new prctl() calls (PR_MPX_ENABLE_MANAGEMENT and
+ PR_MPX_DISABLE_MANAGEMENT) for enabling and disabling the
+ kernel's management of the "bounds tables". Add a
+ descriptions of the interface.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of seccomp(2) under PR_SET_SECCOMP
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest /proc/PID/status "Seccomp" as alternative to PR_GET_SECCOMP
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL can also occur PR_GET_SECCOMP in SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER mode
+ Kees Cook [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Document SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER vs EFAULT
+ This notes the distinction made between EINVAL and EFAULT when
+ attempting to use SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER with PR_SET_SECCOMP.
+
+setns.2
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Elaborate discussion of the PID namespace descendant limitation
+ The setns(2) man page already mentions that CLONE_NEWPID may only
+ be used with descendant namespaces, but this nuance could be
+ listed in a few more places so it is not missed.
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Motoki]
+ Make wording of SHMALL description a little clearer
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add siginfo_t fields for SECCOMP_RET_TRAP
+
+memchr.3
+strstr.3
+ Alexandre Bique
+ Reference memmem(3) in SEE ALSO section
+
+memcmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Haardt]
+ NOTES: add some detail on avoiding memcmp() of cryptographic data
+ Wording largely based on comments from Michael Haardt.
+
+pthread_tryjoin_np.3
+ Jérôme Pouiller [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document EINVAL error for pthread_timedjoin_np()
+
+mem.4
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ /dev/kmem depends on CONFIG_DEVKMEM
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Correct /dev/port group in example
+ mem.4 mentions that group for /dev/port should be set to 'mem'
+ However, all other files (/dev/mem and /dev/kmem) use the kmem
+ group in their examples and on my system /dev/port belongs to
+ kmem. Hence the 'mem' group was probably a typo:
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Add CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM
+ Since 2.6.26 the CONFIG_NONPROMISC_DEVMEM options limits the
+ physical addresses which can be accessed through /dev/mem.
+
+random.4
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Describe handling of O_NONBLOCK
+ /dev/random and /dev/urandom treat O_NONBLOCK differently.
+ This should be described in the manpage.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention PRNG used by urandom
+ /dev/urandom uses a pseudo-random number generator to replace
+ missing entropy.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document "Seccomp" field of /proc/PID/status
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ignat Loskutov]
+ Use epoll_create1() rather than epoll_create() in the code example
+ epoll_create1() is more or less the preferred API for new
+ applications, since it allows for some flags and avoids the
+ misdesigned epoll_create() argument, and so it seems sensible
+ to use that in the example, rather than epoll_create().
+
+tcp.7
+ Troy Davis
+ Clarify tcp_tw_recycle on Internet-facing hosts
+ Clarify that tcp_tw_recycle will break communication with many
+ general-purpose remote Internet hosts (namely, remote NAT devices)
+ even when the Linux device itself is not behind NAT.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.78 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-01-22, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Alexey Ishchuk <aishchuk@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Seiler <christian@iwakd.de>
+Daniel J Blueman <daniel@quora.org>
+David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
+David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+Elie De Brauwer <eliedebrauwer@gmail.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Jessica McKellar <jessica.mckellar@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Michael Hayes <mike@aiinc.ca>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+execveat.2
+ David Drysdale, Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ New page for execveat(2)
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, David Herrmann
+ New page for memfd_create() system call
+ Including notes about file sealing
+
+s390_pci_mmio_write.2
+ Alexey Ishchuk
+ New page for s390 s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read()
+ New manual page for the new PCI MMIO memory access system
+ calls, s390_pci_mmio_write() and s390_pci_mmio_read(),
+ added for the s390 platform.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ David Herrmann [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document F_ADD_SEALS and F_GET_SEALS commands
+
+proc.5
+ Elie De Brauwer
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/nr_open
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+s390_pci_mmio_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new s390_pci_mmio_write(2) page
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+dup.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EMFILE error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for EBADF error on 'newfd'.
+
+execve.2
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
+
+fallocate.2
+mmap.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for operation denied by file seal
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY case for F_SETPIPE_SZ
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to RLIMIT_NOFILE for F_DUPFD EINVAL error on 'arg'.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add open file description lock error cases
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update text on RLIMIT_NOFILE ceiling to refer to /proc/sys/fs/file-max
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel J Blueman]
+ Clarify EFAULT text
+
+mmap.2
+shmget.2
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to RLIMIT_NOFILE for explanation of EMFILE error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add execveat(2) in system call list under "Rationale for openat()"
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify description of overflow events
+ Update the perf_event_open manpage to be more consistent when
+ discussing overflow events. It merges the discussion of
+ poll-type notifications with those generated by SIGIO
+ signal handlers.
+ This addresses the remaining FIXMEs is the document.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Remove inaccurate paragraph describing attr.config
+ Remove an inaccurate paragraph about values in the attr.config
+ field. This information was never true in any released kernel;
+ it somehow snuck into the manpage because it is still described
+ this way in tools/perf/design.txt in the kernel source tree.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the kernel version number for PERF_COUNT_HW_CACHE_NODE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some kernel version numbers to various fields and constants
+
+ptrace.2
+sigaction.2
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Ptrace and siginfo details
+ While writing some additional seccomp tests, I realized
+ PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP wasn't documented yet. Fixed this, and added
+ additional notes related to ptrace events SIGTRAP details.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update details on glibc readv()/writev() wrapper behavior
+ And add a historical detail about Linux 2.0.
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NOFILE as a possible cause of EINVAL error
+
+syscall.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Add arm64 and mips
+ Add mips and arm64 to tables, along with some further
+ details on these architectures,
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390_pci_mmio_read(2) and s390_pci_mmio_write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel() version that introduced get_kernel_syms()
+ Note kernel version that introduced ppc_rtas()
+ Note kernel version that introduced create_module()
+ Note kernel version that added setup()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some details for sync_file_range2()
+ Make the table a bit simpler. The details can anyway be
+ found in the system call man page.
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliot Hughes]
+ If both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT, the file need not exist
+ As noted by Elliot, if both tv_sec fields are UTIME_OMIT,
+ utimensat() will return success even if the file does not exist.
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RLIMIT_NOFILE resource limit is a common cause of EMFILE
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execveat(2)
+
+fclose.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+ Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
+ instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
+ and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
+ and understand what they are looking at.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the script+close-on-exec problem as a BUG
+ Also, add one or two details about this scenario.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The natural idiom when using fexecve() is to use the close-on-exec flag
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getgrent_r.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getmntent.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getpw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Describe return value when 'uid' is not found
+
+getpwent_r.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+getspnam.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that posix_fallocate() is implemented using fallocate(2)
+
+putgrent.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Consistency fix: use "stream" as name for "FILE *" argument
+ Harmonize all the manual pages to use "stream" for FILE*
+ instead of randomly using "fp" or "stream." Choosing something
+ and being consistent helps users scan the man pages quickly
+ and understand what they are looking at.
+
+locale.5
+ Akihiro Motoki
+ Correct variable name
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus statement about NR_OPEN being a ceiling for file-max
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.79 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-02-01, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Sergey V. Zubkov <cubbi@cubbi.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+getrandom.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt, Theodore T'so, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getrandom(2)
+ Kernel 3.17 introduces a new system call getrandom(2).
+
+kexec_load.2
+ Vivek Goyal, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add documentation of kexec_file_load(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vivek Goyal
+ Rewrite and extend documentation of kexec_load().
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+kexec_file_load.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to kexec_load.2
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setarch(8)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Unused arguments of PR_MPX_(EN,DIS}ABLE_MANAGEMENT must be zero
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kexec_load(2)
+
+socket.2
+ Stephan Mueller
+ document AF_ALG
+ Add a reference to the AF_ALG protocol accessible via socket(2).
+
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
+ Clarify that flushing of input streams occurs only for seekable files
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91931
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey V. Zubkov]
+ POSIX.1-2008 specifies the behavior when flushing input streams
+ POSIX.1-2001 did not have a specification for input streams,
+ but POSIX.1-2008 added one.
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getopt(1)
+
+random.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
+
+termios.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reset(1), setterm(1), tput(1)
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Document behavior when TZ filespec omits the colon
+ If the TZ filespec omits the leading colon, glibc will parse
+ it for any valid format, i.e., it will still work.
+ J William Piggott
+ Add description for posixrules file
+ J William Piggott
+ Correct system timezone file path
+ J William Piggott
+ There are only two TZ formats
+ tzset(3) currently states that there are three TZ formats. The
+ first two it lists are actually variations of the POSIX-style
+ TZ format, of which there are at least five variations.
+
+ This patch corrects this to match the POSIX specification of
+ TZ having only two formats.
+ J William Piggott
+ Filespec omitted incorrect
+ Paragraph three of the DESCRIPTION section says
+ that when TZ is set, but empty, then UTC is used.
+
+ Later it says if the TZ filespec is omitted then the file
+ /usr/share/zoneinfo/localtime is used. This is incorrect,
+ it will use UTC in that case as well.
+ J William Piggott
+ Fix incorrect TZ string representation
+ The TZ string representation indicates that the start/end
+ rules are required; this is incorrect.
+ J William Piggott
+ Add ENVIRONMENT section + other rearrangements
+ FILES section was overly verbose and included
+ environment variables. Added ENVIRONMENT section,
+ removing ENV VARS from the FILES section.
+
+random.4
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO: add getrandom(2)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chfn(1), chsh(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add getrandom(2) to list of restartable system calls
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add F_OFD_SETLKW to list of restartable operations
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.80 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-02-21, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Akihiro Motoki <amotoki@gmail.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Bill McConnaughey <mcconnau@biochem.wustl.edu>
+Chris Mayo <aklhfex@gmail.com>
+Christophe Blaess <Christophe@blaess.fr>
+David Wilson <dw@botanicus.net>
+Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
+Doug Goldstein <cardoe@gentoo.org>
+Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+James Hunt <james.hunt@ubuntu.com>
+Jan Chaloupka <jchaloup@redhat.com>
+Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@poochiereds.net>
+Jens Thoms Toerring <jt@toerring.de>
+Kevin Easton <kevin@guarana.org>
+Luke Faraone <lfaraone@debian.org>
+Mark Seaborn <mseaborn@chromium.org>
+Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
+Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Patrick Horgan <phorgan1@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
+Rob Somers <uberkermit@gmail.com>
+Simon Paillard <spaillard@debian.org>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Tao Ma <tao.ma@oracle.com>
+Tobias Herzke <tobias.linuxpatches.2014@gi2.herzkes.de>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Zbigniew Brzeziński <zbigniew.brzezinski@student.put.poznan.pl>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New man page for the ioctl(2) FAT API
+ The ioctl(2) system call may be used to retrieve information about
+ the FAT file system and to set file attributes.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summary: this page has been significantly reorganised and rewritten
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast discussion of 'advice' into two groups of values
+ madvise() is one of those system calls that has congealed over
+ time, as has the man page. It's helpful to split the discussion
+ of 'advice' into those flags into two groups:
+
+ * Those flags that are (1) widespread across implementations;
+ (2) have counterparts in posix_madvise(3); and (3) were present
+ in the initial Linux madvise implementation.
+ * The rest, which are values that (1) may not have counterparts
+ in other implementations; (2) have no counterparts in
+ posix_madvise(3); and (3) were added to Linux in more recent
+ times.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly list the five flags provided by posix_fadvise()
+ Over time, bit rot has afflicted this page. Since the original
+ text was written many new Linux-specific flags have been added.
+ So, now it's better to explicitly list the flags that
+ correspond to the POSIX analog of madvise().
+ Jan Chaloupka [Hugh Dickins, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Starting with Linux 3.5, more file systems support MADV_REMOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL error into separate cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain MADV_REMOVE in terms of file hole punching
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_REMOVE can be applied only to shared writable mappings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_REMOVE cannot be applied to locked or Huge TLB pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Clarify that MADV_DONTNEED has effect on pages only if it succeeds
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Clarifications for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko]
+ Improve MADV_DONTNEED description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MADV_DONTNEED cannot be applied to Huge TLB or locked pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Remove mention of "shared pages" as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Note Huge TLB as a cause of EINVAL for MADV_DONTNEED
+ Michael Kerrisk [Minchan Kim]
+ Add mention of VM_PFNMAP in discussion of MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Drop sentence saying that kernel may ignore 'advice'
+ The sentence creates misunderstandings, and does not really
+ add information.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that some Linux-specific 'advice' change memory-access semantics
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Remove crufty text about "command" versus "advice"
+ The point made in this fairly ancient text is more or less evident
+ from the DESCRIPTION, and it's not clear what "standard" is being
+ referred to.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention POSIX.1-2008 addition of POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "POSIX.1b" from CONFORMING TO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mention of posix_fadvise() from CONFORMING TO to SEE ALSO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error case for MADV_HWPOISON
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is nonstandard, but widespread
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/socketcreate
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document /proc/PID/attr/keycreate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Smalley]
+ Document /proc/PID/attr/{current,exec,fscreate,prev}
+ Heavily based on Stephen Smalley's text in
+ https://lwn.net/Articles/28222/
+ From: Stephen Smalley <sds@epoch.ncsc.mil>
+ To: LKML and others
+ Subject: [RFC][PATCH] Process Attribute API for Security Modules
+ Date: 08 Apr 2003 16:17:52 -0400
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/auto_msgmni
+
+socket.7
+ David Wilson [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document SO_REUSEPORT socket option
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+get_thread_area.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Make get_thread_area.2 a link to rewritten set_thread_area.2 page
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+time.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make option argument formatting consistent with other pages
+
+access.2
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Explain how access() check treats capabilities
+ We have users who are terribly confused why their binaries
+ with CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE capability see EACCESS from access() calls,
+ but are able to read the file.
+
+ The reason is access() isn't the "can I read/write/execute this
+ file?" question, it is the "(assuming that I'm a setuid binary,)
+ can *the user who invoked me* read/write/execute this file?"
+ question.
+
+ That's why it uses real UIDs as documented, and why it ignores
+ capabilities when capability-endorsed binaries are run by non-root
+ (this patch adds this information).
+
+ To make users more likely to notice this less-known detail,
+ the patch expands the explanation with rationale for this logic
+ into a separate paragraph.
+
+arch_prctl.2
+set_thread_area.2
+get_thread_area.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Improve TLS documentation
+ The documentation for set_thread_area was very vague. This
+ improves it, accounts for recent kernel changes, and merges
+ it with get_thread_area.2.
+
+ get_thread_area.2 now becomes a link.
+
+ While I'm at it, clarify the related arch_prctl.2 man page.
+
+cacheflush.2
+ Ralf Baechle
+ Update some portability details and bugs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to BUGS in discussion of EINVAL error
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document V3 capabilities constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite discussion of kernel versions that support file capabilities
+ File capabilities ceased to be optional in Linux 2.6.33.
+
+clone.2
+ Peng Haitao
+ Fix description of CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID only stores child thread ID in parent memory.
+
+clone.2
+execve.2
+ Kevin Easton
+ Document interaction of execve(2) with CLONE_FILES
+ This patch the fact that a successful execve(2) in a process that
+ is sharing a file descriptor table results in unsharing the table.
+
+ I discovered this through testing and verified it by source
+ inspection - there is a call to unshare_files() early in
+ do_execve_common().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeff Layton]
+ Clarify cases of conflict between traditional record and OFD locks
+ Verified by experiment on Linux 3.15 and 3.19rc4.
+
+fork.2
+ Michal Hocko
+ EAGAIN is not reported when task allocation fails
+ I am not sure why we have:
+
+ "EAGAIN fork() cannot allocate sufficient memory to copy
+ the parent's page tables and allocate a task structure
+ or the child."
+
+ The text seems to be there from the time when man-pages
+ were moved to git so there is no history for it.
+
+ And it doesn't reflect reality: the kernel reports both
+ dup_task_struct and dup_mm failures as ENOMEM to the
+ userspace. This seems to be the case from early 2.x times
+ so let's simply remove this part.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Child and parent run in separate memory spaces
+ fork.2 should clearly point out that child and parent
+ process run in separate memory spaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+getxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings plus one or two details clarified
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to example in listxattr(2)
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+listxattr.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Provide example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of size==0 case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note on handling increases in sizes of keys or values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of which filesystems implement ACLs
+ Such a list will only become outdated (as it already was).
+
+migrate_pages.2
+ Jan Stancek
+ Document EFAULT and EINVAL errors
+ I encountered these errors while writing testcase for migrate_pages
+ syscall for LTP (Linux test project).
+
+ I checked stable kernel tree 3.5 to see which paths return these.
+ Both can be returned from get_nodes(), which is called from:
+ SYSCALL_DEFINE4(migrate_pages, pid_t, pid, unsigned long, maxnode,
+ const unsigned long __user *, old_nodes,
+ const unsigned long __user *, new_nodes)
+
+ The testcase does following:
+ EFAULT
+ a) old_nodes/new_nodes is area mmaped with PROT_NONE
+ b) old_nodes/new_nodes is area not mmapped in process address
+ space, -1 or area that has been just munmmaped
+
+ EINVAL
+ a) maxnodes overflows kernel limit
+ b) new_nodes contain node, which has no memory or does not exist
+ or is not returned for get_mempolicy(MPOL_F_MEMS_ALLOWED).
+
+modify_ldt.2
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Overhaul the documentation
+ This clarifies the behavior and documents all four functions.
+ Andy Lutomirski
+ Clarify the lm bit's behavior
+ The lm bit should never have existed in the first place. Sigh.
+
+mprotect.2
+ Mark Seaborn
+ Mention effect of READ_IMPLIES_EXEC personality flag
+ I puzzled over mprotect()'s effect on /proc/*/maps for a while
+ yesterday -- it was setting "x" without PROT_EXEC being specified.
+ Here is a patch to add some explanation.
+
+msgget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details of MSGMNI default value
+
+msgop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify wording of MSGMAX and MSGMNB limits
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Clarify PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH behavior
+ Currently the PERF_EVENT_IOC_REFRESH ioctl, when applied to a group
+ leader, will refresh all children. Also if a refresh value of 0
+ is chosen then the refresh becomes infinite (never runs out).
+ Back in 2011 PAPI was relying on these behaviors but I was told
+ that both were unsupported and subject to being removed at any time.
+ (See https://lkml.org/lkml/2011/5/24/337 )
+ However the behavior has not been changed.
+
+ This patch updates the manpage to still list the behavior as
+ unsupported, but removes the inaccurate description of it
+ only being a problem with 2.6 kernels.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand discussion of "dumpable" flag
+ In particular, detail the interactions with
+ /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder paragraphs describing PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention SUID_DUMP_DISABLE and SUID_DUMP_USER under PR_SET_DUMPABLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Executing a file with capabilities also resets the parent death signal
+
+ptrace.2
+ James Hunt
+ Explain behaviour should ptrace tracer call execve(2)
+ This behaviour was verified by reading the kernel source and
+ confirming the behaviour using a test program.
+ Denys Vlasenko
+ Add information on PTRACE_SEIZE versus PTRACE_ATTACH differences
+ Extend description of PTRACE_SEIZE with the short summary of its
+ differences from PTRACE_ATTACH.
+
+ The following paragraph:
+
+ PTRACE_EVENT_STOP
+ Stop induced by PTRACE_INTERRUPT command, or group-stop, or ini-
+ tial ptrace-stop when a new child is attached (only if attached
+ using PTRACE_SEIZE), or PTRACE_EVENT_STOP if PTRACE_SEIZE was used.
+
+ has an editing error (the part after last comma makes no sense).
+ Removing it.
+
+ Mention that legacy post-execve SIGTRAP is disabled by PTRACE_SEIZE.
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Blaess]
+ SYNOPSIS: remove 'const' from 'attr' sched_getattr() argument
+
+semget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for SEMMNI and SEMMSL
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note defaults for SEMOPM and warn against increasing > 1000
+
+sendfile.2
+ Eric Wong
+ Caution against modifying sent pages
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add ENOTSUP for invalid namespace prefix
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant text under ENOTSUP error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that zero-length attribute values are permitted
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing 'flags' argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
+ Document the 'f_flags' field added in Linux 2.6.36
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'statfs' structure has some padding bytes
+ The number of padding bytes has changed over time, as some
+ bytes are used, so describe this aspect of the structure
+ less explicitly.
+ Tao Ma
+ Add OCFS2_SUPER_MAGIC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use __fsword_t in statfs structure definition
+ This more closely matches modern glibc reality.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on the __fsword_t type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'f_spare' more vaguely
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that waitpid() is a wrapper for wait4()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that wait() is a library function implemented via wait4()
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+
+encrypt.3
+ Rob Somers
+ Improve code example
+ I (and some others) found that the original example code
+ did not seem to work as advertised. The new code (used by
+ permission of the original author, Jens Thoms Toerring)
+ was found on comp.os.linux.development.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Luke Faraone
+ DESCRIPTION reference to BUGS corrected
+ mktemp(3)'s DESCRIPTION referenced NOTES, but no such
+ section exists. Corrected to refer to BUGS.
+
+pthread_attr_setschedparam.3
+ Tobias Herzke
+ Describe EINVAL in ERRORS
+
+resolver.3
+host.conf.5
+ Simon Paillard
+ host.conf 'order' option deprecated, replaced by nsswitch.conf(5)
+ http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2389
+ http://repo.or.cz/w/glibc.git/commit/b9c65d0902e5890c4f025b574725154032f8120a
+
+ Reported at http://bugs.debian.org/270368,
+ http://bugs.debian.org/396633, and http://bugs.debian.org/344233.
+
+statvfs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document missing 'f_flag' bit values
+ And reorganize information relating to which flags are in
+ POSIX.1.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Chaloupka]
+ statvfs() now populates 'f_flag' from statfs()'s f_flag field
+ These changes came with glibc 2.13, and the kernel's addition of
+ a 'f_flags' field in Linux 2.6.36.
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Doug Goldstein]
+ Remove unneeded <stdarg.h>
+ vsyslog() does not need this.
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Add offset format
+ tzset.3 does not illustrate the POSIX offset format.
+ Specifically, there is no indication in the manual
+ what the optional components of it are.
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note maximum number of bytes returned by read(2) on /dev/random
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mathieu Malaterre]
+ Since Linux 3.16, reads from /dev/urandom return at most 32 MB
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/775328 and
+ https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80981#c9
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill McConnaughey]
+ Executing a file that has capabilities also prevents core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document "%i" and "%I" core_pattern specifiers
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove words "and protocols"
+ There are no protocol descriptions in Section 5. Protocols are
+ in Section 7.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to prctl(2) in discussion of /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable
+ And note that /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable defines the
+ value assigned to the process "dumpable" flag in certain
+ circumstances.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required to list /proc/PID/map_files
+ This might however change in the future; see the Jan 2015 LKML thread:
+
+ Re: [RFC][PATCH v2] procfs: Always expose /proc/<pid>/map_files/
+ and make it readable
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsswitch.conf(5)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS as an alternative to prctl() PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
+ Chris Mayo
+ NOTES: add last kernel versions for obsolete options
+ The CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES option was removed by
+ commit 5915eb53861c5776cfec33ca4fcc1fd20d66dd27
+
+ The CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES option removed in
+ Linux 2.6.33 as already mentioned in DESCRIPTION.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fork(2)
+
+unix.7
+ Jan Chaloupka
+ Mention SOCK_STREAM socket for ioctl_type of ioctl()
+ from https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1110401.
+
+ unix.7 is not clear about socket type of ioctl_type argument of
+ ioctl() function. The description of SIOCINQ is applicable only
+ for SOCK_STREAM socket. For SOCK_DGRAM, udp(7) man page gives
+ correct description of SIOCINQ
+
+ldconfig.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place options in alphabetical order
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc version number for '-l' option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -c/--format option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add long form of some options
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Horgan]
+ ld.so.conf uses only newlines as delimiters
+ mtk: confirmed by reading source of parse_conf() in
+ elf/ldconfig.c.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -V/--version option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document -i/--ignore-aux-cache option
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate "Hardware capabilities" to be a subsection under notes
+ This is more consistent with standard man-pages headings
+ and layout.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate description of LD_BIND_NOT
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.81 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-03-02, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexandre Oliva <aoliva@redhat.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Peng Haitao <penght@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+attributes.7
+ Alexandre Oliva, Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing POSIX safety concepts
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Many pages
+ Peng Haitao, Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat existing thread-safety information to use a
+ tabular format, rather than plain text.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function mmap() and munmap() are thread safe.
+
+a64l.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+acos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function acos(), acosf() and acosl() are thread safe.
+
+acosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function acosh(), acoshf() and acoshl() are thread safe.
+
+addseverity.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function is thread-safe
+ The function addseverity() is thread safe.
+
+aio_cancel.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_cancel() is thread safe.
+
+aio_fsync.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_fsync() is thread safe.
+
+aio_read.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_read() is thread safe.
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_suspend() is thread safe.
+
+aio_write.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function aio_write() is thread safe.
+
+argz_add.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+asin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function asin(), asinf() and asinl() are thread safe.
+
+assert.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+assert_perror.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+atan2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function atan2(), atan2f() and atan2l() are thread safe.
+
+atanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function atanh(), atanhf() and atanhl() are thread safe.
+
+backtrace.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+btowc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function btowc() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+cabs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function cabs(), cabsf() and cabsl() are thread safe.
+
+cacos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function cacos(), cacosf() and cacosl() are thread safe.
+
+cacosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cacosh(), cacoshf() and cacoshl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+canonicalize_file_name.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The functions canonicalize_file_name() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+carg.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function carg(), cargf() and cargl() are thread safe.
+
+casin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions casin(), casinf() and casinl() are thread safe.
+ Their markings match glibc markings.
+
+casinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions casinh(), casinhf() and casinhl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+catan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catan(), catanf() and catanl() are thread safe.
+ Their markings match glibc markings.
+
+catanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catanh(), catanhf() and catanhl() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+catopen.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions catopen() and catclose() are thread safe.
+
+cfree.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function cfree() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+clog10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions clog10(), clog10f() and clog10l() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+clog.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function clog(), clogf() and clogl() are thread safe.
+
+closedir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function closedir() in glibc is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+confstr.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function confstr() is thread safe.
+
+cosh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cosh(), coshf() and coshl() in glibc are thread safe.
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+cpow.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions cpow(), cpowf() and cpowl() in glibc are thread safe.
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+crypt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+ctermid.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ According to the change of source code, ctermid's level has been
+ changed from MT-Unsafe to MT-Safe. After modifying, the marking
+ matches the glibc marking.
+
+drand48.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+drand48_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+ecvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+ecvt_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+encrypt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+envz_add.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+exec.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions execl(), execlp(), execle(), execv(), execvp() and
+ execvpe() are thread safe.
+
+exit.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+exp10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+exp2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function exp2(), exp2f() and exp2l() are thread safe.
+
+exp.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function exp(), expf() and expl() are thread safe.
+
+fclose.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function fclose() is thread safe.
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fcloseall.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+fgetc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fgetwc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fgetws.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fmod.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function fmod(), fmodf() and fmodl() are thread safe.
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function fnmatch() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+fopen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fopencookie.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fread.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fread() and fwrite() are thread safe.
+
+gamma.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions gamma(), gammaf() and gammal() are not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getcwd.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getcwd(), getwd() and get_current_dir_name() are
+ thread safe.
+
+getdate.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getenv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getenv() and secure_getenv() are thread safe.
+
+getfsent.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions setfsent(), getfsent(), endfsent(), getfsspec()
+ and getfsfile() are not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrnam.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getgrouplist.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function getgrouplist() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+getlogin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getopt.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions getopt(), getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() are
+ not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpass.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpwent.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+getpwnam.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+gets.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getw.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions getw() and putw() are thread safe.
+
+gnu_get_libc_version.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions gnu_get_libc_version() and gnu_get_libc_release()
+ are thread safe.
+
+hsearch.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+iconv.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+
+inet.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions inet_aton() and inet_addr() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+ The functions inet_network(), inet_ntoa(), inet_makeaddr(),
+ inet_lnaof() and inet_netof() are thread safe.
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ After researching and talking, we think inet_network() and
+ inet_ntoa() should be marked with locale.
+ After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function inet_pton() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswdigit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswgraph.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswgraph() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswlower.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswlower() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswprint.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswprint() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswpunct.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswpunct() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswspace.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswspace() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswupper.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswupper() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+iswxdigit.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function iswxdigit() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+j0.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function j0(), j1f() jnl() and so on are thread safe.
+
+lio_listio.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+log10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log10(), log10f() and log10l() are thread safe.
+
+log2.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log2(), log2f() and log2l() are thread safe.
+
+log.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function log(), logf() and logl() are thread safe.
+
+makecontext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+makedev.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The macros makedev(), major() and minor() are thread safe.
+
+malloc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function malloc(), free(), calloc() and realloc() are
+ thread safe.
+
+mblen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+mbtowc.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+ The function mbtowc() is not thread safe.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+mktemp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function mktemp() is thread safe.
+
+mtrace.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are not thread-safe
+ The functions mtrace() and muntrace() are not thread safe.
+
+nan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function nl_langinfo() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+opendir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+pow10.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function pow10(), pow10f() and pow10l() are thread safe.
+
+pow.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function pow(), powf() and powl() are thread safe.
+
+pthread_setcancelstate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add async-signal-safety information
+
+ptsname.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+putenv.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-unsafe
+ The function putenv() is thread unsafe.
+
+puts.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions fputc(), fputs(), putc(), putchar() and puts() are
+ thread safe.
+
+putwchar.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+qecvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+rand.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The functions rand(), rand_r() and srand() are thread safe.
+
+random_r.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+readdir.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+realpath.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+regex.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions regcomp() and regexec() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+ The functions regerror() and regfree() are thread safe.
+
+remainder.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+scalb.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function scalb(), scalbf() and scalbl() are thread safe.
+
+setenv.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-unsafe
+ The function setenv() and unsetenv() are thread unsafe.
+
+siginterrupt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+sigset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note macros that are thread-safe
+ The functions sigset(), sighold(), sigrelse() and sigignore()
+ are thread safe.
+
+sinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function sinh(), sinhf() and sinhl() are thread safe.
+
+sqrt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function sqrt(), sqrtf() and sqrtl() are thread safe.
+
+stdarg.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+stdio_ext.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ Change the thread safety information to be the same as glibc.
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions strcasecmp() and strncasecmp() are thread safe
+ with exceptions.
+
+strerror.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+strfmon.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+strfry.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strfry() is thread safe.
+
+strftime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function strftime() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+strptime.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function strptime() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+strtok.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function strverscmp() is thread safe.
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+syslog.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions openlog() and closelog() are thread safe.
+ The functions syslog() and vsyslog() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+tempnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The function tempnam() is thread safe.
+
+termios.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As this is man page for Linux, we don't need thread safety
+ information for bsd
+
+tgamma.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions tgamma(), tgammaf() and tgammal() in glibc are
+ thread safe. Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+timegm.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread safe with exceptions
+ The functions timelocal() and timegm() are thread safe with
+ exceptions.
+
+tmpfile.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its markings match glibc markings.
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ When the argument s is NULL, tmpnam() should be MT-Unsafe.
+
+toupper.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ After researching and talking, we think toupper() and tolower()
+ should not be marked with locale.
+ After changing, the markings match glbc markings.
+
+tsearch.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The functions' markings match glibc markings.
+
+ttyname.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be same as glibc manual.
+
+tzset.3
+ Peng Haitao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread safe with exceptions
+ The function tzset() is thread safe with exceptions.
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ Its marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wctomb.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ Modify thread-safety information
+ As annotation in glibc manual is more detailed, change the
+ thread-safety information to be the same as glibc manual.
+
+y0.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The function y0(), y1f() ynl() and so on are thread safe.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to attributes(7) for details of ATTRIBUTES section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add attributes(7)
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.82 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-03-29, Paris
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alban Crequy <alban.crequy@gmail.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Bert Wesarg <bert.wesarg@googlemail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Chris Delozier <c.s.delozier@gmail.com>
+David Madore <david.madore@ens.fr>
+Dmitry Deshevoy <mityada@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@debian.org>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+J William Piggott <elseifthen@gmx.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com>
+Mikael Pettersson <mikpelinux@gmail.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas FRANCOIS <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+Paul E Condon <pecondon@mesanetworks.net>
+Peter Adkins <peter.adkins@kernelpicnic.net>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Taisuke Yamada <tai@rakugaki.org>
+Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+<ygrex@ygrex.ru>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with details of the NPTL POSIX threads implementation
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Eric W. Biederman [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document /proc/[pid]/setgroups
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+intro.1
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Prompt is not % but $
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Various improvements
+ - Add reference to other common shells dash(1), ksh(1)
+ - Add a reference to stdout(3)
+ - Separate cp and mv descriptions
+ - Add examples of special cases of cd
+ - Add su(1) and shutdown(8) references for section Logout
+ and poweroff
+ - Move Control-D to section Logout and poweroff
+ - Fix some little formatting errors
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add cross references cited
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Order SEE ALSO section
+
+clone.2
+ Josh Triplett
+ Document that clone() silently ignores CLONE_PID and CLONE_STOPPED
+ Normally, system calls return EINVAL for flags they don't support.
+ Explicitly document that clone does *not* produce an error for
+ these two obsolete flags.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Small rewording of explanation of clone() wrt threads
+ Clone has so many effects that it's an oversimplification to say
+ that the *main* use of clone is to create a thread. (In fact,
+ the use of clone() to create new processes may well be more
+ common, since glibc's fork() is a wrapper that calls clone().)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for the case where /proc/PID/setgroups is "deny"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note capability associated with EPERM error for setgroups(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to user_namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups
+ The discussion of /proc/PID/setgroups has moved from
+ proc(5) to user_namespaces(7).
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getppid() returns 0 if parent is in different PID namespace
+
+getsockopt.2
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Note RETURN VALUE details when netfilter is involved
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
+ Add FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID
+ SEE ALSO ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ include/linux/ext2_fs.h
+ Include linux/ext2_fs.h does not contain any ioctl definitions
+ anymore.
+
+ Request codes EXT2_IOC* have been replaced by FS_IOC* in
+ linux/fs.h.
+
+ Some definitions of FS_IOC_* use long* but the actual code expects
+ int* (see fs/ext2/ioctl.c).
+
+msgop.2
+ Bill Pemberton
+ Remove EAGAIN as msgrcv() errno
+ The list of errnos for msgrcv() lists both EAGAIN and ENOMSG as
+ the errno for no message available with the IPC_NOWAIT flag.
+ ENOMSG is the errno that will be set.
+ Bill Pemberton
+ Add an example program
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Mention blocking semantics for FIFO opens
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=95191
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn [Kees Cook, Mikael Pettersson, Andy Lutomirski]
+ Add note about alarm(2) not being sufficient to limit runtime
+ Jann Horn
+ Explain blacklisting problems, expand example
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add mention of libseccomp
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that setgid() changes all GIDs when caller has CAP_SETGID
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that setuid() changes all UIDs when caller has CAP_SETUID
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Add discussion of NPTL credential-changing mechanism
+ At the kernel level, credentials (UIDs and GIDs) are a per-thread
+ attribute. NPTL uses a signal-based mechanism to ensure that
+ when one thread changes its credentials, all other threads change
+ credentials to the same values. By this means, the NPTL
+ implementation conforms to the POSIX requirement that the threads
+ in a process share credentials.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigaction(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrapper gives an EINVAL error on attempts to change the
+ disposition of either of the two real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigpending.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigpending(2)
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigprocmask(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrapper silently ignores attempts to block the two
+ real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigreturn(2)
+
+sigsuspend.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigsuspend(2)
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc wrappers silently ignore attempts to wait for
+ signals used by NPTL.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add discussion of rt_sigtimedwait(2)
+
+socket.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO close(2)
+ The description mentions close(2). Hence it should also be
+ referenced in the SEE ALSO section.
+
+syscall.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Add x32 ABI
+
+umount.2
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Document the effect of shared subtrees on umount(2)
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Correct the description of MNT_DETACH
+ I recently realized that I had been reasoning improperly about
+ what umount(MNT_DETACH) did based on an insufficient description
+ in the umount.2 man page, that matched my intuition but not the
+ implementation.
+
+ When there are no submounts, MNT_DETACH is essentially harmless to
+ applications. Where there are submounts, MNT_DETACH changes what
+ is visible to applications using the detach directories.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move "shared mount + umount" text to a subsection in NOTES
+
+aio_return.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Document the return value on error
+ Reported by Alexander Holler <holler@ahsoftware.de>
+
+clock.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ CLOCKS_PER_SEC = 1000000 is required by XSI, not POSIX
+ Debian Bug #728213 reported by Tanaka Akira <akr@fsij.org>
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=728213
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Amend error in description of dlclose() behavior
+ The current text says that unloading depends on whether
+ the reference count falls to zero *and no other libraries
+ are using symbols in this library*. That latter text has
+ been there since man-pages-1.29, but it seems rather dubious.
+ How could the implementation know whether other libraries
+ are still using symbols in this library? Furthermore, no
+ other implementation's man page mentions this point.
+ Seems best to drop this point.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for RTLD_DEFAULT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details on RTLD_NEXT and preloading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RTLD_NEXT works for symbols generally, not just functions
+ The common use case is for functions, but RTLD_NEXT
+ also applies to variable symbols.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
+ Note that dlclose() recursively closes dependent libraries
+ that were loaded by dlopen()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename second dlopen() argument from "flag" to "flags"
+ This is more consistent with other such arguments
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat text on RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fputwc.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fputws.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+fseek.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+fseeko.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+gcvt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getline.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+getwchar.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+hypot.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+iconv_open.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+if_nameindex.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+initgroups.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+mq_open.3
+ Torvald Riegel
+ Add EINVAL error case for invalid name
+ This behavior is implementation-defined by POSIX. If the name
+ doesn't start with a '/', glibc returns EINVAL without attempting
+ the syscall.
+
+popen.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+pthread_kill.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc pthread_kill() function gives an error on attempts
+ to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+pthread_sigmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc implementation silently ignores attempts to block the two
+ real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+pthread_sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc pthread_sigqueue() function gives an error on attempts
+ to send either of the real-time signals used by NPTL.
+
+resolver.3
+ Stéphane Aulery [Jakub Wilk]
+ Document missing options used by _res structure indicate defaults
+ Missing options: RES_INSECURE1, RES_INSECURE2, RES_NOALIASES,
+ USE_INET6, ROTATE, NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG, BLAST, USEBSTRING,
+ NOIP6DOTINT, USE_EDNS0, SNGLKUP, SNGLKUPREOP, RES_USE_DNSSEC,
+ NOTLDQUERY, DEFAULT
+
+ Written from the glibc source and resolv.conf.5.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=527136
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ RES_IGNTC is implemented
+
+rint.3
+ Matt Turner
+ Document that halfway cases are rounded to even
+ Per IEEE-754 rounding rules.
+
+ The round(3) page describes the behavior of rint and nearbyint
+ in the halfway cases by saying:
+
+ These functions round x to the nearest integer, but round
+ halfway cases away from zero [...], instead of to the
+ nearest even integer like rint(3)
+
+sigqueue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify version info (mention rt_sigqueueinfo())
+
+sigsetops.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc sigfillset() function excludes the two real-time
+ signals used by NPTL.
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of signals used internally by NPTL
+ The glibc sigwait() silently ignore attempts to wait for
+ signals used by NPTL.
+
+strcoll.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The markings match glibc markings.
+
+strdup.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+tzset.3
+ J William Piggott
+ Add 'std' quoting information
+
+ulimit.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+wctob.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+ The marking matches glibc marking.
+
+xdr.3
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Clarified incompatibility and correct usage of XDR API
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/628099
+
+console_codes.4
+ Scot Doyle
+ Add Console Private CSI sequence 15
+ An undocumented escape sequence in drivers/tty/vt/vt.c brings the
+ previously accessed virtual terminal to the foreground.
+ mtk: Patch misattributed to Taisuke Yamada in Git commit
+ because of a muck up on my part.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version number for CSI sequence 15
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix permissions shown for the devices
+ These days, the devices are RW for everyone.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove dubious claim about comparative performance of ext2
+ Perhaps it was the best filesystem performance-wise in
+ the 20th century, when that text was written. That probably
+ ceased to be true quite a long time ago, though.
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add cross references for ext filesystems
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Specifies the scope of this list and its limits.
+
+host.conf.5
+hosts.5
+resolv.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Paul E Condon]
+ Cross references of these pages.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=298259
+
+host.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Rework discussion of nospoof, spoofalert, spoof and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK
+ The keywords and environment variables "nospoof", "spoofalert",
+ "spoof" and RESOLV_SPOOF_CHECK were added to glibc 2.0.7 but
+ never implemented
+
+ Move descriptions to historical section and reorder it for clarity
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=773443
+
+hosts.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Mention 127.0.1.1 for FQDN and IPv6 examples
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=562890
+
+proc.5
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Document /proc/PID/status VmPin field
+ See https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1071746
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document (the obsolete) /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace description of 'uid_map' with a reference to user_namespaces(7)
+ All of the information in proc(5) was also present in
+ user_namespaces(7), but the latter was more detailed
+ and up to date.
+ Taisuke Yamada
+ Fix SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current example
+ Since the /proc/pid/attr API was added to the kernel, there
+ have been a couple of changes to the SELinux handling of
+ /proc/pid/attr/current. Fix the SELinux /proc/pid/attr/current
+ example text to reflect these changes and note which kernel
+ versions first included the changes.
+
+securetty.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Nicolas FRANCOIS]
+ Note that the pam_securetty module also uses this file
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=528015
+
+ This patch is a modified version of the one proposed without
+ parts specific to Debian.
+
+boot.7
+ Michael Witten
+ Copy edit
+ While a lot of the changes are issues of presentation,
+ there are also issues of grammar and punctuation.
+ Michael Witten
+ Mention `systemd(1)' and its related `bootup(7)'
+ It's important that the reader receive contemporary information.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthreads(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to nptl(7)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update discussion of _FORTIFY_SOURCE
+ Since the initial implementation a lot more checks were added.
+ Describe all the checks would be too verbose (and would soon
+ fall out of date as more checks are added). So instead, describe
+ the kinds of checks that are done more generally.
+ Also a few other minor edits to the text.
+
+hier.7
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ First patch of a series to achieve compliance with FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ SGML and XML directories are separated in FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add missing directories defined by FHS 2.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Identify which directories are optional
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Document /initrd, /lost+found and /sys
+ Ubuntu Bug #70094 reported by Brian Beck
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/70094
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Explain YP, which is not obvious
+
+ipv6.7
+ Stéphane Aulery [David Madore]
+ SOL_IPV6 and other SOL_* options socket are not portable
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=472447
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bill Pemberton]
+ Add indent(1) command that produces desired formatting for example code
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Improve description of sections in accordance with intro pages
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description of fanout algorithms as list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of needing UID 0 to create packet socket
+ The existing text makes no sense. The check is based
+ purely on a capability check. (Kernel function
+ net/packet/af_packet.c::packet_create()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text about ancient glibc not defining SOL_PACKET
+ This was fixed in glibc 2.1.1, which is a long while ago.
+ And in any case, there is nothing special about this case;
+ it's just one of those times when glibc lags.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description of 'sockaddr_ll' fields as a list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various minor edits
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to nptl(7)
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase "Linux 2.2" language to "Linux 2.2 or later"
+ The man page was written in the LInux 2.2 timeframe, and
+ some phrasing was not future-proof.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note when Linux added realtime signals
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the range of realtime signals
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summarize 2.2 system call changes that resulted from larger signal sets
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nptl(7)
+
+tcp.7
+ Peter Adkins
+ Document removal of TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE
+ Looking over the man page for 'tcp' I came across a reference to
+ tuning the 'TCP_SYNQ_HSIZE' parameter when increasing
+ 'tcp_max_syn_backlog' above 1024. However, this static sizing was
+ removed back in Linux 2.6.20 in favor of dynamic scaling - as
+ part of commit 72a3effaf633bcae9034b7e176bdbd78d64a71db.
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Eric W. Biederman
+ Update the documentation to reflect the fixes for negative groups
+ Files with access permissions such as rwx---rwx give fewer
+ permissions to their group then they do to everyone else. Which
+ means dropping groups with setgroups(0, NULL) actually grants a
+ process privileges.
+
+ The unprivileged setting of gid_map turned out not to be safe
+ after this change. Privileged setting of gid_map can be
+ interpreted as meaning yes it is ok to drop groups. [ Eric
+ additionally noted: Setting of gid_map with privilege has been
+ clarified to mean that dropping groups is ok. This allows
+ existing programs that set gid_map with privilege to work
+ without changes. That is, newgidmap(1) continues to work
+ unchanged.]
+
+ To prevent this problem and future problems, user namespaces were
+ changed in such a way as to guarantee a user can not obtain
+ credentials without privilege that they could not obtain without
+ the help of user namespaces.
+
+ This meant testing the effective user ID and not the filesystem
+ user ID, as setresuid(2) and setregid(2) allow setting any process
+ UID or GID (except the supplementary groups) to the effective ID.
+
+ Furthermore, to preserve in some form the useful applications
+ that have been setting gid_map without privilege, the file
+ /proc/[pid]/setgroups was added to allow disabling setgroups(2).
+ With setgroups(2) permanently disabled in a user namespace, it
+ again becomes safe to allow writes to gid_map without privilege.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework some text describing permission rules for updating map files
+ No (intentional) change to the facts, but this restructuring
+ should make the meaning easier to grasp.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version associated with 5-line limit for map files
+ As at Linux 3.18, the limit is still five lines, so mention the
+ more recent kernel version in the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alban Crequy]
+ Handle /proc/PID/setgroups in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing restrictions on updating /proc/PID/setgroups
+ No (intentional) changes to factual description, but the
+ restructured text is hopefully easier to grasp.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the /proc/PID/setgroups file was added
+
+ldconfig.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the use of /lib64 and /usr/lib64 on some 64-bit architectures
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-3.83 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-04-19, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Andreas Baak <andreas.baak@gmail.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+cdlscpmv <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
+Dima Tisnek <dimaqq@gmail.com>
+Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
+Fabien Pichot <fpichot@bouledef.eu>
+Felix Sedlmeier <sedlmeier@gmx.de>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jon Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
+Ma Shimiao <mashimiao.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Pierre Chifflier <pollux@debian.org>
+Robin H. Johnson <robbat2@gentoo.org>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
+YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <hideaki.yoshifuji@miraclelinux.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting posix_madvise(3)
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the page to give primacy to nftw()
+ nftw() is the better API, and POSIX.1-2008 marks ftw() obsolete.
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+getdents.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dima Tisnek]
+ Document getdents64()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=14795
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Theodore Ts'o [Eric Sandeen, Andreas Dilger,
+ Omar Sandoval, Darrick J. Wong]
+ Document MS_LAZYTIME
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/fdinfo epoll format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe /proc/PID/fdinfo eventfd format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/fdinfo signalfd format
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+newfstatat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to fstatat64.2
+
+prlimit64.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to getrlimit.2
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various section 3 math pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that these functions are also in POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+getent.1
+ Robin H. Johnson
+ Document options
+ The options to getent are now documented, after being around for
+ nearly a decade without changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document help and version options
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version number for FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+ FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE was added in 3.15, not 3.14.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that SMB3 added FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE support in Linux 3.17
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the underlying system call for prlimit() is prlimit64()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" from prlimit() FTM requirements
+ "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64" is not needed to get the prlimit()
+ declaration.
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ SIOCADDRT accepts in6_rtmsg in INET6 protocol
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS
+ timerfd_create.2 mentions TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS. We should add it to
+ ioctl_list.2, too.
+
+llseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Advise reader to use lseek(2) instead
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ llseek() exists on 32-bit platforms to support seeking to large offsets
+
+madvise.2
+ David Rientjes
+ Specify MADV_REMOVE returns EINVAL for hugetlbfs
+ madvise(2) actually returns with error EINVAL for MADV_REMOVE
+ when used for hugetlb VMAs, not EOPNOTSUPP, and this has been
+ the case since MADV_REMOVE was introduced in commit f6b3ec238d12
+ ("madvise(MADV_REMOVE): remove pages from tmpfs shm backing
+ store"). Specify the exact behavior.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_madvise(2)
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
+ SEE ALSO: add epoll(7)
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pierre Chifflier, Kees Cook]
+ Note that seccomp_data is read-only
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details on various "stat" versions
+ Three versions of "stat" appeared on 32-bit systems,
+ dealing with structures of different (increasing) sizes.
+ Explain some of the details, and also note that the
+ situation is simpler on modern 64-bit architectures.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of newfstatat()
+ The underlying system call for fstatat() is newfstatat()
+ on some architectures.
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ ERRORS: add linkpath=="" case for ENOENT
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove prlimit()
+ There really is only the prlimit64() system call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details about the "multiple versions of system calls"
+ The multiple-system-call-version phenomenon is particularly a
+ feature of older 32-bit platforms. Hint at that fact in the text.
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS ioctl() operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details to C library/kernel ABI differences
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
+ Remove mention of "System V" from discussion of CLONE_NEWIPC
+ These days, CLONE_NEWIPC also affects POSIX message queues.
+
+asprintf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+carg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ccos.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ccosh.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+cexp.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+clock.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that is thread-safe
+
+clog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csin.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csinh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+csqrt.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify description of what these functions calculate
+
+ctan.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ctanh.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence explaining what these functions calculate
+
+ctime.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SYNOPSIS: Clarify calling signature for execl() and execlp()
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Baak]
+ Correct prototype for execle()
+ Make the prototype shown into correct C.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Felix Sedlmeier]
+ ftw() and nftw() differ for the non-stat-able symlink case
+ The POSIX specification of ftw() says that an un-stat-able
+ symlink may yield either FTW_NS or FTW_SL. The specification
+ of nftw() does not carry this statement.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update POSIX version references in NOTES
+
+getcwd.3
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note behavior for unreachable current working directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that NO_ADDRESS and NO_DATA are synonyms
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail for NO_DATA
+ Text consistent with POSIX and FreeBSD's gethostbyname() man page.
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getnetent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getutent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+glob.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+insque.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+login.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+lseek64.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details with respect to 32-bit and 64-bit systems
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+mbsrtowcs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+mq_notify.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel ABI differences" subsection
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabien Pichot]
+ NOTES: explain differences from the underlying system call
+ The check for the slash at the start of a pathname is done in glibc
+
+openpty.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+perror.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+printf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Walter Harms [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Simplify the example code
+
+qsort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ alphasort() and versionsort() are not suitable for 'compar'
+ In glibc 2.10, the prototypes of alphasort() and versionsort()
+ were changed so that the arguments switched from 'const void *' to
+ 'const struct dirent **', to match the POSIX.1-2008 specification
+ of alphasort(). As such, compiler warnings will result if
+ these functions are used as the arguments of qsort().
+
+ warning: passing argument 4 of 'qsort' from incompatible
+ pointer type
+ expected '__compar_fn_t' but argument is of type
+ 'int (*)(const struct dirent **, const struct dirent **)'
+
+ Therefore, remove the ancient NOTES text suggesting that
+ alphasort() and versionsort() can be used as suitable
+ 'compar' arguments for qsort().
+
+realpath.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Grant]
+ Add ENOMEM error
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.10 changed the argument types for alphasort() and versionsort()
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+scanf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+setnetgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+significand.3
+ Ma Shimiao
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that strcasecmp() does a byte-wise comparison
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: add POSIX.1-2008
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+updwtmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+wcrtomb.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wcsnrtombs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wcsrtombs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+wordexp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+wprintf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "mnt_id" field of /proc/PID/fdinfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets are included in /proc/net/unix
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update description /proc/sys/unix 'Type' field
+ The existing text was very crufty. UNIX domain sockets
+ support more than SOCK_STREAM for a _very_ long time now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail to /proc/PID/timers
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vlastimil Babka]
+ Enhance discussion of /proc/PID/status 'VmSwap' field
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add poll(2) and select(2)
+
+icmp.7
+ YOSHIFUJI Hideaki/吉藤英明
+ Document net.ipv4.ping_group_range knob
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to timer_create(2)
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.00 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-05-07, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Advait Dixi <advaitdixit@hotmail.com>
+Alain Kalker <a.c.kalker@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Heiduk <asheiduk@googlemail.com>
+Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
+Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@inria.fr>
+Cameron Norman <camerontnorman@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
+Christophe Lohr <Christophe.Lohr@telecom-bretagne.eu>
+Christopher Head <chead@chead.ca>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+David Wilcox <davidvsthegiant@gmail.com>
+Denis Du <denisdu@ruggedcom.com>
+Egmont Koblinger <egmont@gmail.com>
+Filipe Brandenburger <filbranden@gmail.com>
+Filipus Klutiero <chealer@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Frédéric Maria <frederic.maria@free.fr>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Graham Shaw <gdshaw@riscpkg.org>
+Gregor Jasny <igjasny@googlemail.com>
+Guillem Jover <guillem@hadrons.org>
+Guy Harris <guy@alum.mit.edu>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ian Pilcher <arequipeno@gmail.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jason Newton <nevion@gmail.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@fieldses.org>
+Jiri Pirko <jpirko@redhat.com>
+Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
+Joern Heissler <contact@joern.heissler.de>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
+Joonas Salo <salo.joonas@gmail.com>
+Jussi Lehtola <jussilehtola@fedoraproject.org>
+Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
+KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Laurence Gonsalves <laurence@xenomachina.com>
+Magnus REFTEL <magnus.xm.reftel@stericsson.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Regid Ichira <regid23@nt1.in>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Steinar H. Gunderson <sgunderson@bigfoot.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <saulery@free.fr>
+Stephane Fillod <fillods@users.sf.net>
+Tetsuo Handa <from-linux-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
+Thomas Hood <jdthood@gmail.com>
+Urs Thuermann <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
+Vasiliy Kulikov <segooon@gmail.com>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
+Weijie Yang <weijie.yang@samsung.com>
+William Woodruff <william@tuffbizz.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+get_phys_pages.3
+ William Woodruff
+ Document get_phys_pages() and get_avphys_pages()
+
+loop.4
+ Urs Thuermann, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the loop device
+
+xattr.7
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Import attr(5) man page from the 'attr' project
+ After discussions with Andreas Gruenbacher, it makes sense to
+ move this page into man-pages, since it mostly relates to
+ kernel details. Since this is an overview page,
+ we'll move it to Section 7.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename page
+ "xattr" is a more meaningful name than "attr" (it resonates
+ with the names of the system calls), so as long as we are
+ moving the page to a new section, we'll change the name as well,
+ and retain an acl(5) link so that old references remain valid.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
+ Document MAP_HUGE_2MB, MAP_HUGE_1GB, and MAP_HUGE_SHIFT
+
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andi Kleen]
+ Document SHM_HUGE_2MB, SHM_HUGE_1GB, and SHM_HUGE_SHIFT
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan Nieder]
+ Add descriptions of some other resolver functions
+ Add res_ninit(), res_nquery(), res_nsearch(),
+ and res_nquerydomain(), res_nmkquery(), res_nsend().
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Frédéric Maria [Stephane Fillod, Andreas Heiduk]
+ Document TIOCMIWAIT and TIOCGICOUNT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCGEXCL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOGCPKT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCSPTLCK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TIOCGPTLCK
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+CMSG_DATA.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to cmsg(3)
+
+CMSG_LEN.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to cmsg(3)
+
+dprintf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert to a link to printf.3
+
+get_avphys_pages.3
+ William Woodruff
+ New link to new get_phys_pages.3 page
+
+res_ninit.3
+res_nmkquery.3
+res_nquery.3
+res_nquerydomain.3
+res_nsearch.3
+res_nsend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to resolver(3) man page
+
+loop-control.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to loop.4
+
+attr.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to xattr(7)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+chown.2
+execve.2
+prctl.2
+truncate.2
+proc.5
+capabilities.7
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighter wording: 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ For sticky, set-UID, and set-GID mode bits (as used in POSIX).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+add_key.2
+keyctl.2
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add keyrings(7)
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add keyctl(3)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ After EPOLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that signal mask treatment in epoll_pwait() is per-thread
+ s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
+ Note an F_SETSIG corner case
+
+get_mempolicy.2, set_mempolicy
+ Brice Goglin
+ Policy is per thread, not per process
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+removexattr.2
+setxattr.2
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust "attr(5)" references to "xattr(7)"
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add console_ioctl(2) and tty_ioctl(2)
+
+listxattr.2
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe listxattr(2) E2BIG error and document it as a BUG
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fixes + point reader at stat(2) for explanation of file mode
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
+ Further tweaks to text on S_ISVTX and 'mode' argument
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewordings + point reader at stat(2) for details of mode bits
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text that implies that munmap() syncs MAP_SHARED mapping to file
+ The existing text in this page:
+
+ MAP_SHARED Share this mapping. Updates to the mapping
+ are visible to other processes that map this
+ file, and are carried through to the underly‐
+ ing file. The file may not actually be
+ updated until msync(2) or munmap() is called.
+
+ implies that munmap() will sync the mapping to the underlying
+ file. POSIX doesn't require this, and some light reading of the
+ code and some light testing (fsync() after munmap() of a large
+ file) also indicates that Linux doesn't do this.
+
+msync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text of DESCRIPTION
+ Rewrite the text somewhat, for easier comprehension.
+ No (intentional) changes to factual content
+
+nfsservctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [J. Bruce Fields]
+ Note that nfsservctl() was replaced by files in nfsd filesystem
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Gruenbacher]
+ open() honors the S_ISVTX, S_ISUID, and S_ISGID bits in 'mode'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ Michael Kerrisk [NeilBrown]
+ BUGS: O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY succeeds if pathname does not exist
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Pilcher]
+ Clarify that signal mask treatment in ppoll() is per-thread
+ s/sigprocmask()/pthread_sigmask()/
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sam Varshavchik]
+ After POLLHUP, EOF will be seen only after all data has been consumed
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer which bits are ignored in 'events'
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Wilcox, Filipe Brandenburger]
+ Note that "parent" for purposes of PR_SET_DEATHSIG is a *thread*
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=43300
+
+sendfile.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Newton]
+ Note that sendfile does not support O_APPEND for 'out_fd'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=82841
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gregor Jasny]
+ RETURN VALUE: note the possibility of "short sends"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97491
+ Michael Kerrisk [Askar Safin]
+ Clarify text on 'out_fd' and regular files in Linux 2.4
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86001
+
+shutdown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stéphane Aulery]
+ BUGS: UNIX domain sockets now detect invalid 'how' values
+ Bug fixed in Linux 3.7.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47111
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer the reader to fcntl(2) F_SETSIG for further details on si_fd
+
+stat.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Add note about stat() being racy
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Improve description of some mode constants
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Grünbacher]
+ Remove excessive leading zeros on some constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add text on POSIX terms "file mode bits" and "file permission bits"
+ Recent changes to various pages employ this distinction.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tighten wording: use 'mode bit' rather than 'permission bit'
+ According to POSIX, the 9 UGO*RWX bits are permissions, and
+ 'mode' is used to refer to collectively to those bits plus sticky,
+ set-UID, and set_GID bits.
+
+syslog.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dmesg(1)
+
+umask.2
+open.2
+mknod.2
+mkdir.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Explain what default ACLs do
+ Explain the effect that default ACLs have (instead of the umask)
+ in umask.2. Mention that default ACLs can have an affect in
+ open.2, mknod.2, and mkdir.2.
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Give the reader a hint that unshare() works on processes or threads
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=59281
+
+atexit.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+bsearch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+cmsg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christopher Head]
+ Fix error in SCM_RIGHTS code sample
+ Remove erroneous second initialization of msg.msg_controllen
+ in the example code for SCM_RIGHTS.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15952
+
+CPU_SET.3
+ Chris Metcalf
+ Clarify language about "available" cpus
+ The CPU_SET.3 man page uses the adjective "available" when
+ explaining what the argument to CPU_SET() means. This is
+ confusing, since "available" isn't well-defined. The kernel
+ has a set of adjectives (possible, present, online, and active)
+ that qualify cpus, but normally none of these are what the
+ cpu_set_t bit index means: it's just "which cpu", using the
+ kernel's internal numbering system, even if that cpu isn't
+ possible or present.
+
+ This change removes the word "available" and adds a sentence
+ warning that cpu sets may not be contiguous due to dynamic
+ cpu hotplug, etc.
+
+err.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+ftw.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ NSS plugins searched first
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ "order" is obsolete
+
+gethostid.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getmntent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use exit() rather than return in main()
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Guy Harris]
+ Remove crufty BUGS section
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90261
+
+iconv_close.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+inet_ntop.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+longjmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+lsearch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+mcheck.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+on_exit.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Egmont Koblinger]
+ Merge dprintf() and vdprintf() discussion into this page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add puts(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move return value discussion to proper RETURN VALUE section
+
+putpwent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+qsort.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+regex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurence Gonsalves]
+ Fix error in description of 'cflags'
+ 'cflags' is a bit mask of *zero* (not one) or more flags.
+
+resolver.3
+ Stéphane Aulery
+ Add info about RES_INSECURE1 and RES_INSECURE2 option in debug mode
+
+scanf.3
+ Joern Heissler
+ Improve description of %n specifier
+
+setjmp.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+setlocale.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+setlogmask.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+sleep.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+strsignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that isn't thread-safe
+
+sysconf.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+undocumented.3
+ William Woodruff
+ Remove documented functions
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Denis Du]
+ Fix error in code example
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Cameron Norman, Vasiliy Kulikov]
+ Document /proc mount options
+ Document the 'hidepid' and 'gid' mount options that were added in
+ Linux 3.3. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90641
+ Based on text by Vasiliy Kulikov in
+ Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kirill A. Shutemov]
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/status
+ Guillem Jover
+ Document /proc/PID/exe behaviour on unlinked pathnames
+ Michael Kerrisk [Weijie Yang]
+ Document /proc/PID/status VmPMD
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
+ Document use-vc option added to glibc 2.14
+ Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
+ Stéphane Aulery [Thomas Hood]
+ Document RES_SNGLKUPREOP
+ Fix Ubuntu bug #1110781:
+ https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/manpages/+bug/1110781
+
+tzfile.5
+ Sam Varshavchik
+ Add various details on version 2 format
+
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details and update URL for OLS 2003 paper on AIO
+
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alain Kalker]
+ Update discussion of 'debug' option
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97161
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Summary of multiple changes: remove cruft from this page.
+ Much of the detail on hardware specifics in this page dates
+ from the 20th century. (The last major update to this page was in
+ man-pages-1.14!) It's hugely out of date now (many of these
+ devices disappeared from the kernel years ago.) So, I've taken
+ a large scythe to the page to remove anything that looks
+ seriously dated. In the process, the page has shrunk to less
+ than 50% of its previous size.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "buff=" details
+ This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Mouse drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "General non-device-specific boot arguments" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Hard disks" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "mem=" details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty details on IBM MCA bus devices
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove 'swap=" details
+ This seems to have gone away in Linux 2.2,
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty floppy disk driver options
+ In the specific case of floppy drives: the drivers still
+ exist, but it's been a while since most of saw these devices
+ in the wild. So, just refer the reader to the kernel source
+ file for details. (The detail in this man page was after all
+ originally drawn from that file.)
+ Remove crufty "ISDN drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "line printer driver" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Serial port drivers" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to CONFIG_BUGi386
+ That option disappeared in Linux 2.4.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty text
+ "bootsetups array" dates from Linux 2.0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty "Video hardware" options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty SCSI device driver options
+
+fanotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates FAN_MODIFY events
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Since Linux 3.19, fallocate(2) generates IN_MODIFY events
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain how IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP determines its argument type
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jiri Pirko, Magnus REFTEL]
+ Clarify details of the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Advait Dixi]
+ Remove dubious text that says that SO_PRIORITY sets IP TOS
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35852
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate misplaced text describing ENOPROTOOPT error
+
+packet.7
+ Graham Shaw
+ Add sll_protocol to list of required fields for outbound packets
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [KOSAKI Motohiro]
+ Using thread IDs whose lifetime has expired gives undefined behavior
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=53061
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tetsuo Handa]
+ For incoming datagrams, sin_port is set to zero
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention sendto(), recvfrom(), and so on when discussing address format
+ This gives the reader a little context for the following
+ discussion of 'sin_port'.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to <netinet/in.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace reference to RFC 1700 with pointer to IANA protocol number list
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steinar H. Gunderson]
+ Clarify that I/O operations on disks are not interrupted by signals
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97721
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christophe Lohr]
+ Remove mention of UNIX_PATH_MAX
+ This kernel constant is not exposed to user space.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the 108 bytes for sun_path is how things are done on Linux
+ And refer the reader to NOTES for discussion of portability.
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document EA limits for Btrfs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document VFS-imposed limits on EAs
+ VFS imposes a 255-byte limit on EA names, and a 64kB limit on
+ EA values.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ext[234] block limitation applies to sum of all EAs
+ It is not a per-EA limit.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify permissions required to work with 'user' EAs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ext2 and ext3 no longer need mounting with 'user_xattr' for user EAs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add various relevant pages to SEE ALSO
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add CONFORMING TO section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Modify headings to man-pages norms
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Btrfs also supports extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities are implemented using *security* attributes
+ Not *system* attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe limit on EA values for JFS, XFS, and Reiserfs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly mention some of the xattr system calls in DESCRIPTION
+ Naming the system calls helps to orient the reader
+
+nscd.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of 'services' and 'netgroup' databases
+ This makes the page consistent with nscd.conf(5).
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.01 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-07-23, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun@redhat.com>
+Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
+Ben Woodard <woodard@redhat.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Thompson <cjsthompson@gmail.com>
+Cortland Setlow <cortland.setlow@gmail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Leppik <dleppik@vocalabs.com>
+Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+Doug Klima <cardoe@gentoo.org>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Hack NDo <hackndo@gmail.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
+Jian Wen <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
+Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
+Julian Orth <ju.orth@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Laszlo Ersek <lacos@caesar.elte.hu>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mehdi Aqadjani Memar <m.aqadjanimemar@student.vu.nl>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Hayward <hayward@loup.net>
+Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
+Nathan Lynch <nathan_lynch@mentor.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
+Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Scot Doyle <lkml14@scotdoyle.com>
+Stephan Mueller <stephan.mueller@atsec.com>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho <tuliom@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <uwe+debian@kleine-koenig.org>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+文剑 <wenjianhn@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Alexei Starovoitov, Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Borkmann]
+ New page documenting bpf(2)
+
+__ppc_get_timebase.3
+ Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
+ New page documenting __ppc_get_timebase() and __ppc_get_timebase_freq()
+ Glibc 2.16 was released with a new function for the Power
+ architecture that can read its Time Base Register.
+ Glibc 2.17 adds a function to read the frequency at which the Time
+ Base Register of Power processors is updated.
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Leppik, Doug Klima]
+ Reimport from latest FreeBSD page
+ Long ago, Doug Klima noted that many macros were not
+ documented in the queue(3) page. Fix by reimporting from
+ latest [1] FreeBSD man page.
+
+ [1] Revision 263142, Modified Fri Mar 14 03:07:51 2014 UTC
+
+ This also fixes https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1506
+
+ This time, I'll learn from past mistakes and not convert
+ from 'mdoc' to 'man' macros.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use subsections in DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove SEE ALSO reference to nonexistent tree(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use real hyphens in code samples
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Comment out text for functions not in glibc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace HISTORY with CONFORMING TO
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szeredi]
+ Document RENAME_WHITEOUT
+ Heavily based on text by Miklos Szeredi.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+__ppc_get_timebase_freq.3
+ Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho
+ New link to new __ppc_get_timebase(3) page
+
+LIST_EMPTY.3
+LIST_FIRST.3
+LIST_FOREACH.3
+LIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+LIST_INSERT_BEFORE.3
+LIST_NEXT.3
+SLIST_EMPTY.3
+SLIST_ENTRY.3
+SLIST_FIRST.3
+SLIST_FOREACH.3
+SLIST_HEAD.3
+SLIST_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+SLIST_INIT.3
+SLIST_INSERT_AFTER.3
+SLIST_INSERT_HEAD.3
+SLIST_NEXT.3
+SLIST_REMOVE.3
+SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_CONCAT.3
+STAILQ_EMPTY.3
+STAILQ_ENTRY.3
+STAILQ_FIRST.3
+STAILQ_FOREACH.3
+STAILQ_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+STAILQ_INIT.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_HEAD.3
+STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL.3
+STAILQ_NEXT.3
+STAILQ_REMOVE.3
+STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD.3
+TAILQ_CONCAT.3
+TAILQ_EMPTY.3
+TAILQ_FIRST.3
+TAILQ_FOREACH.3
+TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE.3
+TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER.3
+TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE.3
+TAILQ_LAST.3
+TAILQ_NEXT.3
+TAILQ_PREV.3
+TAILQ_SWAP.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to queue.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
+ Remove "ABI" from "C library/kernel ABI differences" subheadings
+ The "ABI" doesn't really convey anything significant in
+ the title. These subsections are about describing differences
+ between the kernel and (g)libc interfaces.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+intro.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andries E. Brouwer]
+ Drop intro paragraph on '$?' shell variable
+ As Andries notes, this piece of text is rather out of place in
+ a page that was intended to provide a tutorial introduction for
+ beginners logging in on a Linux system.
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ A minor output format clarification
+ A minor clarification for the locale output format which was
+ brought up at
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516.
+
+ For reference, see
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18516
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/locale.html
+
+ Add CONFORMING TO section
+
+capget.2
+ Julian Orth
+ Clarify that hdrp->pid==0 is equivalent gettid() not getpid()
+
+chroot.2
+ Jann Horn
+ chroot() is not intended for security; document attack
+ It is unfortunate that this discourages this use of chroot(2)
+ without pointing out alternative solutions - for example,
+ OpenSSH and vsftpd both still rely on chroot(2) for security.
+
+ Bind mounts should theoretically be usable as a replacement, but
+ currently, they have a similar problem (CVE-2015-2925) that hasn't
+ been fixed in ~6 months, so I'd rather not add it to the manpage
+ as a solution before a fix lands.
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+eventfd.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate on envp/argv as NULL behavior
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Open stdio frames are not flushed, temporary files are deleted
+ Many years ago, text was added to the page saying that it is
+ implementation-dependent whether stdio streams are flushed and
+ whether temporary are removed. In part, this change appears to
+ be because POSIX.1-2001 added text related to this point.
+ However, that seems to have been an error in POSIX, and the
+ text was subsequently removed for POSIX.1-2008. See
+ https://collaboration.opengroup.org/austin/interps/documents/9984/AI-085.txt
+ Austin Group Interpretation reference 1003.1-2001 #085
+
+fallocate.2
+ Namjae Jeon [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.2, ext4 supports FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ OFD locks are proposed for inclusion in the next POSIX revision
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getrusage.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that for a thread group leader, gettid() == getpid()
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove some historical libc5 and glibc 1 details
+ These details are ancient, and long ago ceased to be relevant.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Document meaning of ioprio==0
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mehdi Aqadjani Memar]
+ Document another ENOMEM error case
+ ENOMEM can occur if locking/unlocking in the middle of a region
+ would increase the number of VMAs beyond the system limit (64k).
+
+mmap.2
+ Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
+ Clarify MAP_POPULATE
+ David Rientjes has noticed that MAP_POPULATE wording might promise
+ much more than the kernel actually provides and intends to provide.
+ The primary usage of the flag is to pre-fault the range. There is
+ no guarantee that no major faults will happen later on. The pages
+ might have been reclaimed by the time the process tries to access
+ them.
+ Michal Hocko [Eric B Munson]
+ Clarify MAP_LOCKED semantics
+ MAP_LOCKED had a subtly different semantic from mmap(2)+mlock(2)
+ since it has been introduced.
+ mlock(2) fails if the memory range cannot get populated to
+ guarantee that no future major faults will happen on the range.
+ mmap(MAP_LOCKED) on the other hand silently succeeds even if
+ the range was populated only partially.
+
+ Fixing this subtle difference in the kernel is rather awkward
+ because the memory population happens after mm locks have been
+ dropped and so the cleanup before returning failure (munlock)
+ could operate on something else than the originally mapped area.
+
+ E.g. speculative userspace page fault handler catching SEGV and
+ doing mmap(fault_addr, MAP_FIXED|MAP_LOCKED) might discard portion
+ of a racing mmap and lead to lost data. Although it is not clear
+ whether such a usage would be valid, mmap page doesn't explicitly
+ describe requirements for threaded applications so we cannot
+ exclude this possibility.
+
+ This patch makes the semantic of MAP_LOCKED explicit and suggests
+ using mmap + mlock as the only way to guarantee no later major
+ page faults.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: point out that ENOMEM can occur even for munmap()
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ENOMEM error that can occur when we reach limit on maximum VMAs
+
+open.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Hayward]
+ Clarify that O_NONBLOCK is a no-op for regular files and block devices
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver [Joerg Roedel]
+ Exclude_host/exclude_guest clarification
+ This patch relates to the exclude_host and exclude_guest bits added
+ by the following commit:
+
+ exclude_host, exclude_guest; Linux 3.2
+ commit a240f76165e6255384d4bdb8139895fac7988799
+ Author: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
+ Date: Wed Oct 5 14:01:16 2011 +0200
+
+ perf, core: Introduce attrs to count in either host or guest mode
+
+ The updated manpage text clarifies that the "exclude_host" and
+ "exclude_guest" perf_event_open() attr bits only apply in the
+ context of a KVM environment and are currently x86 only.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
+ This patch relates to the addition of PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR
+ support added in the following commit:
+
+ perf_sample_regs_intr; Linux 3.19
+ commit 60e2364e60e86e81bc6377f49779779e6120977f
+ Author: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
+
+ perf: Add ability to sample machine state on interrupt
+
+ The primary difference between PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR and the
+ existing PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER is that the new support will
+ return kernel register values. Also if precise_ip is
+ set higher than 0 then the PEBS register state will be returned
+ rather than the saved interrupt state.
+
+ This patch incorporates feedback from Stephane Eranian and
+ Andi Kleen.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT disallows exit_group(2)
+ These days, glibc implements _exit() as a wrapper around
+ exit_group(2). (When seccomp was originally introduced, this was
+ not the case.) Give the reader a clue that, despite what glibc is
+ doing, what SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT permits is the true _exit(2)
+ system call, and not exit_group(2).
+
+pread.2
+read.2
+readv.2
+sendfile.2
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that Linux limits transfers to a maximum of 0x7ffff000 bytes
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/629994 and
+ https://bugs.debian.org/630029.
+
+pread.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite RETURN VALUE section
+ (Also drop the text on pwrite() returning zero; that seems bogus.)
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vegard Nossum]
+ PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT clarification
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove BUGS heading
+ The text on mixing I/O syscalls and stdio is a general point
+ of behavior. It's not a bug as such.
+
+recv.2
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain some subtleties of MSG_DONTWAIT versus O_NONBLOCK
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed with RENAME_EXCHANGE
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Explain how to deal with 1024-CPU limitation of glibc's cpu_set_t type
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the use of the 'isolcpus' kernel boot option
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Julian Orth
+ Remove a const attribute
+ The attr argument of sched_setattr was documented as const but the
+ kernel will modify the size field of this struct if it contains an
+ invalid value. See the documentation of the size field for details.
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand on subtleties of MSG_NOSIGNAL versus ignoring SIGPIPE
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+socket.2
+ Stephan Mueller
+ Update documentation reference for AF_ALG
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: ftruncate() can fail if the file descriptor is not writable
+
+utimensat.2
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ After research, We think utimensat() and futimens() are thread-safe.
+ But, there are not markings of utimensat() and futimens() in glibc
+ document.
+
+clearenv.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+error.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+fexecve.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+fpurge.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+fread.3
+ Andries E. Brouwer
+ Clarify terminology
+ In the "RETURN VALUE" section the word item is in italics
+ as if it were one of the function parameters. But the word
+ "item" occurs here for the first time, earlier the text
+ uses "element". [Patch improves this.]
+
+fts.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getaddrinfo_a.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities also trigger AT_SECURE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ (Briefly) document AT_HWCAP2
+
+getgrent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+gethostbyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laszlo Ersek]
+ Remove mention of IPv6 addresses, which are not supported
+ As reported by Laszlo Ersek:
+
+ gethostbyname(3) fails to resolve the IPv6 address "::1",
+ but the manual page says: "If name is an IPv4 or IPv6 address,
+ no lookup is performed and gethostbyname() simply copies name
+ into the h_name field [...]".
+
+ Debian bug report:
+ http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=455762
+
+ glibc bug report:
+ http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5479
+
+ SUSv3 link for gethostbyname(3):
+ http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostbyname.html
+
+ It seems that the glibc behavior is conformant, and the manual
+ page is in error.
+
+getifaddrs.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getnameinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getnetent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getprotoent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getprotoent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getpw.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getpwent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getrpcent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+getrpcent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+getrpcport.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+getservent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that aren't thread-safe
+
+getservent_r.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+gsignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+key_setsecret.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+malloc_get_state.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+malloc_info.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+malloc_stats.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+malloc_trim.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+MB_LEN_MAX.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of MB_LEN_MAX
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pádraig Brady]
+ MB_LEN_MAX is 16 in modern glibc versions
+
+memcpy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: describe the glibc 2.13 changes that revealed buggy applications
+ Adding a note on this point seems worthwhile as a way of
+ emphasizing the point that the buffers must not overlap.
+
+mq_notify.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements and clarifications
+
+profil.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+psignal.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use "%zd" for printing size_t in example code
+
+pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_cancel.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_cleanup_push.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_getattr_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+pthread_setname_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+pthread_tryjoin_np.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+putgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+rcmd.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+resolver.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+rpc.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+rpmatch.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+sem_close.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+sem_open.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+setaliasent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+setlocale.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
+
+setlocale.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Tweak C/POSIX locale portability description
+ As discussed earlier, the current description might be a little
+ bit too stringent, let's avoid the issue by describing the
+ portability aspect on a slightly higher level.
+
+ References:
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap06.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/setlocale.html
+
+shm_open.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+strfmon.3
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document strfmon_l(3)
+ Describe strfmon_l(3).
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix CONFORMING TO
+ AFAICS strfmon(3) is now defined in POSIX and the glibc
+ implementation is as specified there.
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/strfmon.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Rewrite the example
+ I think the example is more accurate when we use the exact
+ locale names and also the Euro sign where appropriate.
+
+xcrypt.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+xdr.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+console_codes.4
+ Scot Doyle [Pavel Machek, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add CSI sequence for cursor blink interval
+ Add a Console Private CSI sequence to specify the current
+ console's cursor blink interval. The interval is specified
+ as a number of milliseconds until the next cursor display
+ state toggle, from 50 to 65535.
+
+null.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that reads from /dev/zero are interruptible since Linux 2.6.31
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention 'coredump_filter' boot option
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fix: s/resolv+/the resolver library/
+ The term "resolv+" seems to be historical cruft.
+
+hosts.equiv.5
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Fix format, clarify IdM needs, and provide examples.
+ In some recent work with a Red Hat customer I had the opportunity
+ to discuss the fine nuances of the ruserok() function and related
+ API which are used to implement rlogin and rsh.
+
+ It came to my attention after working with QE on some automated
+ internal testing that there were no good examples in the hosts.equiv
+ manual page showing how the format was supposed to work for this
+ file and for ~/.rhosts, worse the "format" line showed that there
+ should be spaces between arguments when that would clearly lead
+ to incorrect behaviour. In addition some things that the format
+ allows you to write are just wrong like "-host -user" which makes
+ no sense since the host is already rejected, and should be written
+ as "host -user" instead. I added notes in the example to make it
+ clear that "-host -user" is invalid.
+
+ I fixed three things:
+
+ (a) The format line.
+ - Either +, or [-]hostname, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
+ - Either +, or [-]username, or +@netgrp or -@netgrp.
+ - You must specify something in the hostname portion so remove
+ optional brackets.
+
+ (b) Clarify language around credentials
+ - If the host is not trusted you must provide credentials to
+ the login system and that could be anything really and it
+ depends on your configuration e.g. PAM or whatever IdM you have.
+
+ (c) Provide real-world examples
+ - Provide several real world examples and some corner case
+ examples for how you would write something. Hopefully others
+ can add examples as they see fit.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell, Arjun Shankar]
+ Improve explanation in EXAMPLE
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document map to_inpunct, map to_outpunct
+ See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document class in LC_CTYPE
+ See e.g. the locale zh_CN and
+
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add iconv(1) reference
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document character transliteration
+ See e.g. da_DK for reference.
+
+ (Not sure should we actually provide an example here?)
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document era keywords
+ This patch completes the LC_TIME section - since these era
+ keywords are so tightly coupled, I'm providing them as a
+ single patch.
+
+ Based on
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document default_missing
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document outdigit and alt_digits
+ See e.g. fa_IR for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to locale(7) more prominently
+ It's probably a good idea to refer to locale(7) so that a reader
+ can check what a category is about before describing them in
+ detail.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document charclass and charconv
+ See e.g. the locales ja_JP and ko_KR and
+
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/towctrans
+ http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/wide/wctrans
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Copy is not exclusive in LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE
+ See e.g. da_DK for reference.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove the FIXME for timezone
+ The timezone of LC_TIME is not in POSIX, only 6 (out of ~300)
+ glibc locales define it, the glibc code comment below from
+ glibc.git/programs/ld-time.c seems to suggest it's not a good
+ idea, and there's been a proposal in upstream [1] to remove the
+ existing timezone definitions from glibc locales so I think
+ it's actually better to leave this one undocumented:
+
+ /* XXX We don't perform any tests on the timezone value since this is
+ simply useless, stupid $&$!@... */
+
+ 1) https://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2015-06/msg00098.html
+
+ Move the remaining LC_COLLATE FIXMEs together while at it.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Fix country_isbn format
+ Both plain numbers and Unicode code points are used in
+ glibc locales but checking the code reveals that country_isbn
+ is handled like the rest of its category expect for country_num
+ which was clarified earlier.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Sort according to the standard
+ Sort the options so that those defined in POSIX are listed first,
+ then followed by those defined in ISO/IEC TR 14652 in the order
+ of common convention in many widely used glibc locales.
+
+ Actual descriptions are unchanged.
+
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to strftime(3) where appropriate
+ The relationship between the locale time format syntax
+ and strftime() cannot be considered as obvious.
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document map "totitle"
+ See e.g. locales/i18n for reference.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marko Myllynen]
+ Remove BUGS section saying man page is not complete
+ To some degree, this is true of many pages. And anyway, this
+ page is much better after recent work by Marko.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List /proc/vmstat fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak /proc/vmstat text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/crypto entry with a pointer to further information
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sysctl_writes_strict
+ Based on text in Documentation/sysctl/kernel.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move misordered /proc/[pid]/timers entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to bpf(2) for explanation of /proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Symbolic names AKA mnemonics
+ A long time ago in glibc, repertoire maps were used (but they
+ were removed already in 2000), those mapping files were named
+ as mnemonics, so "mnemonic" is a term that would almost
+ certainly come up if somebody studies glibc side (perhaps even
+ the related standards like ISO 9945 [which I don't have access
+ to]) so I thought it's worth to mention to term in the man page
+ to make sure we're talking about the same thing, otherwise
+ someone might wonder is that something different or not.
+
+ IOW, symbolic names and mnemonics are often used interchangeably,
+ let's mention the other often used term in the page, too.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows calling bpf(2)
+
+locale.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ LC_CTYPE determines transliteration rules on glibc systems
+
+packet.7
+ 文剑 [Cortland Setlow]
+ Fix description of binding a packet socket to an interface
+
+pty.7
+ NeilBrown [Peter Hurley]
+ Clarify asynchronous nature of PTY I/O
+ A PTY is not like a pipe - there may be delayed between data
+ being written at one end and it being available at the other.
+
+ This became particularly apparent after
+ commit f95499c3030f
+ ("n_tty: Don't wait for buffer work in read() loop")
+ in Linux 3.12
+
+ See also the mail thread at https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/5/1/35
+ Date Mon, 04 May 2015 12:32:04 -0400
+ From Peter Hurley <>
+ Subject Re: [PATCH bisected regression] input_available_p()
+ sometimes says 'no' when it should say 'yes'
+
+rtld-audit.7
+ Ben Woodard
+ Use correct printf() specifier for pointer types
+ In the example code you used %x rather than %p in the example
+ code for an audit library. The problem is that it truncates the
+ pointers on 64b platforms. So you get something like:
+
+ la_symbind64(): symname = strrchr sym->st_value = 0x7f4b8a3f8960
+ ndx = 222 flags = 0x0 refcook = 8b53e5c8 defcook = 8b537e30
+
+ rather than:
+
+ la_symbind64(): symname = fclose sym->st_value = 0x7fa452dd49b0
+ ndx = 1135 flags = 0x0 refcook = 0x7fa453f395c8 defcook = 0x7fa453f32e30
+
+ This has bitten me a handful of times when playing around with
+ audit test libraries to investigate its behavior.
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient, wildly optimistic prediction about future of RT patches
+ It seems the patches were not merged by 2.6.30...
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bpf(2)
+
+vdso.7
+ Nathan Lynch [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update for ARM
+ The 32-bit ARM architecture in Linux has gained a vDSO as of the
+ 4.1 release. (I was the primary author.)
+
+ Document the symbols exported by the ARM VDSO.
+
+ Accepted kernel submission:
+ http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-arm-kernel/2015-March/332573.html
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.02 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-08-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
+Dilyan Palauzov <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy <glebfm@altlinux.org>
+Goswin von Brederlow <goswin-v-b@web.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jonathan David Amery <jdamery@ysolde.ucam.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Nicholas Miell <nmiell@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Yaarit <yaarit@gmail.com>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+dladdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting dladdr() and dladdr1()
+ Relocate/rewrite dladdr() text formerly contained in dlopen(3).
+
+ Add documentation of dladdr1().
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+dlerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate dlerror(3) to new separate man page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the returned message may be in a statically allocated buffer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the returned string does not include a trailing newline
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+dlinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing dlinfo(3)
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is thread-safe
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page was substantially rewritten and enhanced. Notably:
+ * the dladdr(), dlsym, dlvsym(), and dlerror() content were moved
+ to separate new pages;
+ * documentation for dlmopen was added;
+ * and other changes as noted below.
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move atexit() discussion under "Initialization and Finalization"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of _init() and _fini() to NOTES
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of initialization and finalization functions
+ Deemphasize the obsolete _init/_fini and give more prominence
+ to gcc constructors/destructors.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlclose() will unload the object when all references have been released
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: Remove mention of "-rdynamic"
+ That option isn't needed for compiling and running this program.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to ld.so info page
+ The command "info ld.so" simply shows the man page...
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize conformance information for 'flags'
+
+dlsysm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move dlsym() and dlvsym() content to new separate page
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are thread-safe
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk, Carlos O'Donell
+ Document dlmopen(3)
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Sam Varshavchik, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add documentation for nl_langinfo_l(3)
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
+ GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions (__ppc_set_ppr_low(3),
+ __ppc_set_ppr_med(3), __ppc_set_ppr_med_low(3)) that provide
+ access to the Program Priority Register (PPR).
+
+__ppc_yield.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC performance-hint functions
+ GNU C Library 2.18 adds functions __ppc_yield(3), __ppc_mdoio(3),
+ and __ppc_mdoom(3) that can be used provide a hint that
+ performance could be improved if shared resources are released
+ for use by other processors.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+dladdr1.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to (new) dladdr(3) page
+
+dlmopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to dlopen.3
+
+dlvsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust link to point to new self-contained dlsym(3) page
+
+nl_langinfo_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to nl_langinfo.3
+
+__ppc_mdoio.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_yield.3
+
+__ppc_mdoom.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_yield.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Very many pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO section to reflect POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
+ details. (By now, I believe all pages should be up to date with
+ respect to appropriately mentioning POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.)
+
+ldd.1
+sprof.1
+execve.2
+dlopen.3
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Prefer "shared object" over "shared library"
+ The man pages variously use "shared library" or "shared object".
+ Try to more consistently use one term ("shared object"), while
+ also pointing out on a few pages that the terms are synonymous.
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of POSIX.1-2008 regarding EAGAIN vs EWOULDBLOCK
+
+bpf.2
+ Daniel Borkmann
+ Various updates/follow-ups to address some fixmes
+ A couple of follow-ups to the bpf(2) man-page, besides others:
+
+ * Description of map data types
+ * Explanation on eBPF tail calls and program arrays
+ * Paragraph on tc holding ref of the eBPF program in the kernel
+ * Updated ASCII image with tc ingress and egress invocations
+ * __sync_fetch_and_add() and example usage mentioned on arrays
+ * minor reword on the licensing and other minor fixups
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword text on POSIX and #!
+
+io_getevents.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note return value on interruption by a signal handler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of return value for timeout-expired case
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify and extend discussion of 'timeout' argument
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'length' need not be a page-size multiple for munmap()
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Rientjes, David Rientjes, Mike Kravetz]
+ Describe mmap()/munmap() argument requirements for huge-page mappings
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of timestamps to NOTES
+ A straight move; no changes to the content.
+ This content is better placed in NOTES.
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mention libseccomp pages
+ SEE ALSO: add scmp_sys_resolver(1)
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the list of flags that were added in POSIX.1-2001
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Goswin von Brederlow]
+ Clarify use of SOCK_* flags in 'type' argument
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/794217
+
+atexit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dlopen(3)
+
+clock_getcpuclockid.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of EPERM error
+ It's imprecise to say that this is an "optional" error
+ in POSIX.1.
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'size' allows callback() to discover structure extensions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dladdr(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that this function appears on some other systems
+
+fseeko.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty NOTES section
+ This ancient System V detail is unneeded.
+
+getutent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention POSIX.1-2008 for the "utmpx" functions
+
+iconv_close.3
+iconv_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: change "UNIX98" to "SUSv2"
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change "UNIX 98" to "SUSv2"
+
+mktemp.3
+ Gleb Fotengauer-Malinovskiy
+ Reference mkdtemp(3) in addition to mkstemp(3)
+ Mention mkdtemp(3) as another secure alternative to mktemp(3).
+
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=2898.
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of 'timeout'
+ In particular, remove the word 'ceiling', which falsely
+ suggests that the call might return prematurely.
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly describe the return value on success
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX specifies that the caller may not modify the returned string
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Enhance RETURN VALUE description
+ Note some further cases where returned string may be
+ invalidated or overwritten.
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat CONFORMING to information
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'sys_errlist' and 'sys_nerr' are not in POSIX.1
+
+posix_openpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword text regarding systems that don't have posix_openpt()
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: update details for dprintf() and vdprintf()
+
+setlogmask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove useless statement in CONFORMING TO
+ Saying that the description in PSOX.1-2001 is flawed,
+ without saying what the fla is, is not helpful.
+ (And no, I don't know what the flaw is.)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add POSIX.1-2008 details regarding group ID of new shared memory object
+
+strfmon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix erroneous CONFORMING to
+ strfmon() is in POSIX.1.
+
+fanotify.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Clarify effects of file moves
+ If files or directories are moved to other mounts, the inode is
+ deleted. Fanotify marks are lost.
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+nptl.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicholas Miell]
+ Note that i386 and x86-64 binaries can't share mutexes
+
+sched.7
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix descriptions of sched_get_priority_max() / sched_get_priority_min()
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+shm_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded CONFORMING TO section
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update with POSIX.1-2008 details for link(2)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonathan David Amery]
+ Items in LD_LIBRARY_PATH can also be delimited by semicolons
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/794559.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.03 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-05, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
+Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
+Arto Bendiken <arto@bendiken.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Casper Ti. Vector <caspervector@gmail.com>
+Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
+David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel F. T. Gomes <gftg@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Johannes Stüttgen <Johannes.Stuettgen@gmail.com>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Maria Guseva <m.guseva@samsung.com>
+Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
+Meikun Wang <alikewmk@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Olivier TARTROU <olivier.tartrou@gmail.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Zeng Linggang <zenglg.jy@cn.fujitsu.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX sample support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 data_offset and data_size fields
+ Vince Weaver [Alexander Shishkin]
+ Document aux_{head,tail,offset,size} support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.0 update rdpmc documentation
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds PERF_RECORD_ITRACE_START
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document 4.1 clockid support
+ Vince Weaver [Steven Rostedt, Masami Hiramatsu]
+ 4.1 PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds AUX_FLAG_OVERWRITE support
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL_STACK
+ Vince Weaver
+ 4.1 adds aux_watermark
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add possibility of EBUSY error
+
+prctl.2
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document operations for ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework PR_CAP_AMBIENT text
+ Note that arg4 and arg5 must be zero for CAP_AMBIENT
+ RETURN VALUE: Add PR_CAP_AMBIENT + PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET case
+ ERRORS: document PR_CAP_AMBIENT error cases
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ Document PPC functions providing access to PPR
+ GNU C Library commit 1747fcda4902a3b46183d93fb16ed9b436b2608b
+ extends the priorities that can be set to the Program Priority
+ Register (PPR), with the functions: __ppc_set_ppr_very_low(3)
+ and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high(3).
+
+capabilities.7
+ Andy Lutomirski [Kees Cook, Serge Hallyn]
+ Document ambient capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and reworkings for ambient capability text
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med_high.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_very_low.3
+ Gabriel F. T. Gomes
+ New link to __ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+mremap.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko]
+ Add note about mremap() with locked areas
+ When mremap() is used to move or expand a mapping that is locked
+ with mlock() or equivalent it will attempt to populate the new
+ area. However, like mmap(MAP_LOCKED), mremap() will not fail if
+ the area cannot be populated. Also like mmap(MAP_LOCKED) this
+ might come as a surprise to users and should be noted.
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Drysdale]
+ Remove accidental mention of O_TTY_INIT
+ An earlier edit mentioned O_TTY_INIT as a file creation flag.
+ That's true, according POSIX, but Linux does not implement
+ this flag, so remove mention of it.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorder options alphabetically
+ Employ a pseudo-alphabetical order, ordering options after removal
+ of any "PR_", "PR_SET_", or "PR_GET" prefix.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix alphabetical misplacements in ERRORS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Tycho Andersen
+ Document PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_ATTACH cannot be applied to nondumpable processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add prctl(2)
+
+reboot.2
+ Casper Ti. Vector
+ 1-argument reboot() is also provided by alternative libc
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of 'instruction_pointer' data field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Note why all filters in a set are executed even after SECCOMP_RET_KILL
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe semantics with respect to SCM_RIGHTS
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mlock(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add userfaultfd()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Johannes Stüttgen]
+ Note that daemon() is buggy with respect to controlling tty acquisition
+
+dirfd.3
+ Jonathan Wakely
+ Remove outdated NOTES
+ As stated in the SYNOPSIS, since glibc 2.10 this function is also
+ declared by the relevant X/Open and POSIX macros.
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it more explicit that LD_BIND_NOW overrides RTLD_LAZY
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Correct the pathname used in EXAMPLE
+ Quoting Florian:
+
+ This does not work because libm.so can be a linker script:
+
+ handle = dlopen("libm.so", RTLD_LAZY);
+
+ The proper way to do this is to include <gnu/lib-names.h>
+ and use LIBM_SO.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=108821
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+fgetgrent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+getauxval.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details for AT_SECURE
+
+getspnam.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note functions that are/aren't thread-safe
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Zeng Linggang
+ ATTRIBUTES: Note function that is not thread-safe
+
+mallopt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Document M_ARENA_TEST and M_ARENA_MAX
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text relating to MT-safety
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention glibc emulation caveats
+
+termios.3
+ Olivier TARTROU
+ Add missing details on behaviour of PARMRK
+ For a serial terminal, with a specific configuration, input bytes
+ with value 0377 are passed to the program as two bytes, 0377 0377.
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Note that TIOCTTYGSTRUCT went away in Linux 2.5.67
+
+core.5
+ Ross Zwisler
+ Add info about DAX coredump filtering flags
+ Kernel 4.4 added two new core dump filtering flags,
+ MMF_DUMP_DAX_PRIVATE and MMF_DUMP_DAX_SHARED.
+
+ These flags allow us to explicitly filter DAX mappings.
+ This is desirable because DAX mappings, like hugetlb
+ mappings, have the potential to be very large.
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add list of files being read when "files" service is used
+ This is not mentioned anywhere. Users can assume that the file
+ being read is something like /etc/$DATABASE, but that's not
+ always the case. It's better to explicitly specify which
+ file is read for each respective database. The list of
+ files was acquired from glibc source code.
+
+proc.5
+ Heinrich Schuchardt [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add details for threads-max
+ Add detail information for threads-max.
+ The checks for minimum and maximum values exist since kernel 4.1.
+ https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/15/96
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ /proc/sys: Describe whitespace characters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'CapAmb' in /proc/PID/status
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ptrace(2) for /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
+
+aio.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Meikun Wang]
+ Add missing include file, <fcntl.h>, to example program
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arto Bendiken]
+ Document QSIZE bug that appeared in 3.5 and was fixed in 4.2
+
+path_resolution.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify recursive resolution of symlinks and note limits
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add splice(2)
+
+rtld-audit.7
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Fix (typo) error in la_pltenter() description
+ s/la_pltenter()/la_pltexit()/
+
+ la_pltenter() is called regardless of the value of
+ framesizep but la_pltexit() is called only if la_pltenter()
+ returns with non-zero framesizep set. I spent long time to
+ figure out why la_pltexit() is not called at all.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Hocko]
+ Note async-signal-safe functions added by POSIX.1-2008 TC1
+
+tcp.7
+ Daniel Borkmann [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Improve paragraphs on tcp_ecn and add tcp_ecn_fallback bullet
+ Improve description of tcp_ecn, fix the RFC number and it's
+ not a boolean anymore since long time, and add a description
+ for tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ See also kernel doc under Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
+ on tcp_ecn and tcp_ecn_fallback.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_POINTER_GUARD has been removed in glibc 2.23
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maria Guseva]
+ Replace mentions of set-UID/set-GID programs with secure-execution mode
+ Inspired by a patch from Maria Guseva.
+ Maria Guseva [Silvan Jegen]
+ LD_DEBUG is effective in secure-execution mode if /etc/suid-debug exists
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.04 ====================
+
+Released: 2015-12-29, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Monakov <amonakov@ispras.ru>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Archie Cobbs <archie.cobbs@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Colin Rice <colin@daedrum.net>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jonathan Wakely <jwakely@redhat.com>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Pádraig Brady <P@draigBrady.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
+Phil Blundell <pb@pbcl.net>
+Richard Voigt <richardvoigt@gmail.com>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Torvald Riegel <triegel@redhat.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Thomas Gleixner, Torvald Riegel [Davidlohr Bueso, Heinrich Schuchardt, Darren Hart, Rusty Russell, Pavel Machek, Rich Felker]
+ Rewrite and massively expand page
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting membarrier() system call
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mlock.2
+ Eric B Munson [Michal Hocko, Vlastimil Babka, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document mlock2(2) and MCL_ONFAULT
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+mlock2.2
+ Eric B Munson
+ New link to mlock.2
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for EMFILE error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize error text for ENOTSOCK error
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: standardize text for ENFILE error
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+epoll_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add another EMFILE error case
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Child of MT-process is restricted to async-signal-safe functions
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Lennart Poettering]
+ The init of measurement for RLIMIT_RSS is bytes, not pages
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword EINVAL error text
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand on the historical meaning of tz_dsttime
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+inotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add an EMFILE error case
+
+personality.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Note kernel and glibc versions that introduced this system call
+
+poll.2
+ Richard Voigt
+ timeout_ts is a pointer, so use -> not . for member access
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Shorten name of timeout argument for ppoll()
+ The name is overly long, and does not hint at the fact
+ that this argument is a pointer. Fix this by renaming:
+ s/timeout_ts/tmo_p/
+
+sendfile.2
+ Laurent Georget
+ Document more ERRORS
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+
+socketcall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.3, x86-32 provides direct system calls for the sockets API
+
+time.2
+ Zack Weinberg
+ Explain why the glibc time() wrapper never sets 'errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk [H.J. Lu]
+ Where time() is provided by vDSO, an invalid address may give SIGSEGV
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Eggert]
+ Describe EOVERFLOW details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vdso(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename 't' argument to 'tloc'
+
+dlerror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Clarify that the string returned by dlerror() is null terminated
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include a shell session showing build/run in EXAMPLE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change arguments to main() to "void" in EXAMPLE
+
+drand48.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Correct descriptions of ranges returned by these functions
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/803459
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note probable cause of ENFILE error
+
+fnmatch.3
+ Pádraig Brady
+ Describe the FNM_EXTMATCH flag and pattern syntax
+
+iconv.3
+ Andries E. Brouwer
+ NOTES: describe correct usage for flushing partially buffered input
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Archie Cobbs]
+ Clarify need to use initstate_r()
+
+tzset.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Clarify "daylight" and remove erroneous note
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ Rework example scripts to assume 'poolsize' unit is bits, not bytes
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Use modern command substitution syntax in shell session log
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reaching /proc/sys/fs/file-max limit normally produces an ENFILE error
+
+futex.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ SEE ALSO updates
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some other locking primitives that are built with futexes
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ NPTL, avoid abbreviation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that a futex is 4 bytes on all platforms
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note on strace(1) and vDSO
+
+ld.so.8
+ H.J. Lu [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document LD_PREFER_MAP_32BIT_EXEC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify setting of LD_TRACE_PRELINKING
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some details for LD_SHOW_AUXV
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.05 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-03-15, Christchurch
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Akihiro Suda <suda.kyoto@gmail.com>
+Alan Aversa <alan.aversa@cox.net>
+Alan Cox <etchedpixels@gmail.com>
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
+Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
+Askar Safin <safinaskar@mail.ru>
+Bill O. Gallmeister <bgallmeister@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chris Pick <kernel@chrispick.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
+Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
+Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Gabriel Corona <gabriel.corona@enst-bretagne.fr>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Ivan Shapovalov <intelfx@intelfx.name>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
+Jason Vas Dias <jason.vas.dias@gmail.com>
+Jérémie Galarneau <jeremie.galarneau@efficios.com>
+Jeremy Harris <jeharris@redhat.com>
+Joachim Wuttke <j.wuttke@fz-juelich.de>
+Joe Stein <joeaarons@gmail.com>
+John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Kondo, Naoya <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Krzysztof Adamski <k@japko.eu>
+Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
+Marianne CHEVROT <blackmoor@openmailbox.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Post <mpost@suse.com>
+Martin Gebert <Murphy.Gebert@gmx.de>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@linuxfoundation.org>
+Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>`
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
+Naoya Kondo <kondo-naoya@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kernel@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@gnutls.org>
+Orion Poplawski <orion@cora.nwra.com>
+Pakin Yury <zxwarior@yandex.ru>
+Patrick Donnelly <batrick@batbytes.com>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Paul Pluzhnikov <ppluzhnikov@google.com>
+Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
+Philip Semanchuk <linux_kernel.20.ick@spamgourmet.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <Rasmus.Villemoes@decode.is>
+Rich Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
+Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Stéphane Aulery <lkppo@free.fr>
+Stephen Hurd <shurd@sasktel.net>
+Vincent Bernat <bernat@luffy.cx>
+William Preston <wpreston@suse.de>
+Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Anna Schumaker [Darrick J. Wong, Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting copy_file_range()
+ copy_file_range() is a new system call for copying ranges of data
+ completely in the kernel. This gives filesystems an opportunity to
+ implement some kind of "copy acceleration", such as reflinks or
+ server-side-copy (in the case of NFS).
+
+personality.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This page has been greatly expanded, to add descriptions of
+ personality domains.
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella]
+ Significant reworking of this page:
+ * Rework discussion of the (obsolete) binary mode
+ * Split open_memstream(3) description into a separate page.
+ * Note various fmemopen() bugs that were fixed in glibc 2.22
+ * Greatly expand description of 'mode' argument
+ * Rework description of 'buf' and 'len' arguments
+ * Expand discussion of "current position" for fmemopen() stream
+
+ntp_gettime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing ntp_gettime(3) and ntp_gettimex(3)
+
+open_memstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by split of fmemopen(3).
+ At the same time, add and rework a few details in the text.
+
+posix_spawn.3
+ Bill O. Gallmeister, Michael Kerrisk
+ New man page documenting posix_spawn(3) and posix_spawnp(3)
+
+readdir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Split readdir_r() content into separate page
+ As suggested by Florian Weimer:
+
+ It may make sense to move this documentation to a separate
+ manual page, specific to readdir_r. This will keep the
+ readdir() documentation nice and crisp. Most programmers
+ will never have to consult all these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Near complete restructuring of the page and add some further details
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Rich Felker, Paul Eggert]
+ Add a lot more detail on portable use of the 'd_name' field
+
+readdir_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ New page created after split of readdir(3).
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Explain why readdir_r() is deprecated and readdir() is preferred
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove misleading code example using pathconf()
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ New page documenting lirc device driver
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ntp_adjtime(3)
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Baron]
+ Document EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
+
+madvise.2
+ Minchan Kim [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_FREE
+ Document the MADV_FREE flag added to madvise() in Linux 4.5.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CmaTotal and CmaFree fields of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document additional /proc/meminfo fields
+ Document DirectMap4k, DirectMap4M, DirectMap2M, DirectMap1G
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document MemAvailable /proc/meminfo field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document inotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fanotify /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some kernel version numbers for /proc/PID/fdinfo entries
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick Donnelly]
+ /proc/PID/fdinfo displays the setting of the close-on-exec flag
+ Note also the pre-3.1 bug in the display of this info.
+
+socket.7
+ Craig Gallek [Michael Kerrisk, Vincent Bernat]
+ Document some BPF-related socket options
+ Document the behavior and the first kernel version for each of the
+ following socket options:
+
+ SO_ATTACH_FILTER
+ SO_ATTACH_BPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_CBPF
+ SO_ATTACH_REUSEPORT_EBPF
+ SO_DETACH_FILTER
+ SO_DETACH_BPF
+ SO_LOCK_FILTER
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+isalpha_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to isalpha.3
+
+longjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace page with link to setjmp(3), which now incorporates longjmp()
+
+ntp_adjtime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to adjtimex(2)
+
+ntp_gettimex.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to ntp_gettime.3
+
+open_wmemstream.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update link to point to new open_memstream(2) page
+
+posix_spawnp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new posix_spawn.3 page
+
+siglongjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewire link to point to setjmp(3)
+
+strerror_l.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to strerror.3
+ Fix missing link
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update FTM requirements (_DEFAULT_SOURCE)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements
+ Update to use _DEFAULT_SOURCE, and also changes brought by
+ glibc commit 266865c0e7b79d4196e2cc393693463f03c90bd8.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 700
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200809L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE implies _POSIX_C_SOURCE >=2, so simplify FTM
+ requirements in various pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "or 'cc -std=c99'" from SYNOPSIS
+ Under the FTM requirements all of these pages document the
+ requirement for _ISOC99_SOURCE. And feature_test_macros(7) now
+ documents that "cc -std=c99" produces the same effect as defining
+ _ISOC99_SOURCE. So, all of these pages don't additionally need
+ to specify "or 'cc -std=c99'" under the FTM requirements
+ in the SYNOPSIS. Removing that redundant text also simplifies
+ the SYNOPSIS a little.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify FTM requirements
+ Looking at <features.h> (or feature_test_macros(7)), one can
+ see that when _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined with the value 600
+ (or greater), then _POSIX_C_SOURCE is defined with the value
+ 200112L (or greater). Therefore, terms in the man pages such as
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 600 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+ can be simplified to:
+
+ _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove references to _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in SYNOPSIS
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete (it existed in SUSv1, but not
+ subsequent standards). _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 produces the same
+ effects as (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED). Modifying
+ the SYNOPSIS of various ages that contain:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500 ||
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+ to just:
+
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
+
+ This has the following benefits:
+
+ a) Simplifying the SYNOPSIS by removing ancient
+ historical information.
+
+ b) Preventing users from being misled into using
+ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED in new source code.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of the obsolete _POSIX_SOURCE macro from SYNOPSIS
+ _POSIX_SOURCE was a POSIX.1-1990 creation that was soon made
+ obsolete by _POSIX_C_SOURCE. Retaining mention of it
+ in the feature test macro requirements section of the
+ SYNOPSIS doesn't contain important information, and may
+ mislead readers into actually trying to use this macro.
+ A few mentions of it are maintained in a some pages where
+ defining _POSIX_SOURCE inhibits some behavior.
+
+Various sockets-related pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Use consistent argument/variable names for socket addresses and lengths
+ As noted by Carlos, there's quite a bit of inconsistency across
+ pages. Use 'addr' and 'addrlen' consistently in variables and
+ function arguments.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Wording fix: "current file offset" ==> "file offset"
+ "File offset" is the preferred POSIX terminology.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Word "descriptor" more precisely
+ Use either "file descriptor" or "message queue descriptor".
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add reference to signal(7) in description of EINTR
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+locale.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add "locale -c charmap" as an example
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104511.
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add hint on purpose of --no-archive
+ Indicate why using --no-archive might be a good idea. The issue
+ is that if you create a custom locale with localedef(1) and put
+ it to the locale archive then during the next glibc upgrade the
+ locale archive is updated as well and your custom locale is gone.)
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve description for EBADF
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Stultz]
+ Various improvements after feedback from John Stultz
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove FTM requirements
+ It seems that adjtimex() never needed _BSD_SOURCE (and my
+ earlier commit 5918743bc8b02b was simply a blunder).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note treatment of out-of-range buf.offset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Don't refer reader to adjtime(3)
+ Probably, it's not wise to suggest adjtime(3) as the more
+ portable API. Rather, ntp_adjtime(3) should be used.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Naresh Kamboju]
+ Update details of buf.offset EINVAL error
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_gettime(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of some PPS timex fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ATTRIBUTES section
+ William Preston [Petr Gajdos]
+ Update a detail in adjtimex return value description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note range constraints and clamping for ADJ_FREQUENCY
+
+bdflush.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc support for this system call went away in version 2.23
+
+bind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of ENOENT error
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document close-on-exec semantics
+ The close-on-exec file descriptor flag is automatically enabled
+ for FDs returned by bpf().
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify terminology (file mode versus file permission bits)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE
+ The right way to expose declarations for these Linux-specific
+ system calls was always _GNU_SOURCE. Mentioning the historical
+ use of _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE just clouds the issue.
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: improve EBADF description
+
+create_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+delete_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ELOOP error for circular monitoring loops
+
+eventfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that eventfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Krzysztof Adamski]
+ Add EPERM error for capabilities check of capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to ld-linux.so(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that allowed O_CLOEXEC for event_f_flags
+
+fcntl.2
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslocks(8)
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Rework description of F_SETOWN
+ As suggested by Jason, make it clearer that I/O signalling
+ requires the use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC. While we're at,
+ make a few other cleanups to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of _BSD_SOURCE to get definition of F_SETOWN/F_GETOWN
+ This usage went away in glibc 2.20, and the simplest remedy
+ is just to omit mention of it.
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME can now be used with FUTEX_WAIT
+
+get_kernel_syms.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this system call
+
+init_module.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc 2.23 removed last vestiges of support for this system call
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Include uapi/linux/wireless.h
+ Add the list of wireless IOCTLs.
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Path to sockios.h
+ sockios.h is now in include/uapi
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add reference to netdevice.7
+ netdevice.7 describes most of the IOCTLs of sockios.h
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Transfer structure (wireless.h IOCTLs)
+ The sole parameter to be passed to the wireless.h IOCTLs is
+ of type struct iwreq *.
+
+ioperm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ ioperm.2: Permissions are inherited across fork(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99911
+
+iopl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alex Henrie]
+ Permissions are not inherited across fork(2) or preserved on execve(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99901
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ FUSE now supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NFS supports SEEK_HOLE and SEEK_DATA
+
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open(2)
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify MADV_HWPOISON wording to say that it applies to a page range
+
+mknod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1)
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add findmnt(8)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention existence of proc/PID/fd and /proc/PID/fdinfo
+ Mark Post [Petr Gajdos]
+ O_TMPFILE support is now provided bt Btrfs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'pipefd' on error
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify EINVAL error description
+
+recv.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Equivalence to read()
+ Describe the recv(2)-read(2) and the recvfrom(2)-recv(2)
+ equivalences for zero-valued arguments.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MSG_WAITALL has no effect for datagram sockets
+
+recv.2
+cmsg.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix type of cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure
+ The type shown for cmsg_len member of cmsghdr structure is socklen_t,
+ but the actual type used by glibc and the kernel is size_t.
+ The information was obtained from glibc source code:
+ http://bit.ly/21m1RMp
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that cmsg_len is typed as socklen_t in POSIX.1
+
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer, Florian Weimer]
+ Warn that CPU_ALLOC() may allocate a slightly CPU set than requested
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Add reference to CPU_ALLOC(3)
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Akihiro Suda]
+ EPERM depends on affinity mask of target thread, not calling thread
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Document spurious EAGAIN error that can occur on other systems
+ Light reworking of text proposed by Josh Triplett.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Mention the 'fd_set' size limitation early and refer to poll(2)
+ Change this because of the serious limitation of select()
+ imposing a limit on the range of file descriptors that can
+ be monitored. This is currently mentioned too late in the
+ documentation (in the NOTES section). The man page should
+ warn early and refer to poll(2) as soon as possible.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on the glibc fixed-size fd_set limitation
+ No modern application should use select() on Linux.
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some readability fixes to example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Better variable names in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify 'if' logic in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use correct type (socklen_t) for addrlen
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Davidlohr Bueso, Manfred Spraul, Philip Semanchuk]
+ NOTES: note when 'sempid' is set on various implementations
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=112271 and
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/2162754/
+ Subject: [PATCH] Don't set sempid in semctl syscall.
+ Date: 2016-02-26 12:21:38 GMT
+
+semop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak comment describing 'sempid'
+
+sendfile.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Fix incorrect description in text referring to splice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add copy_file_range(2)
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct/simplify FTM requirements for BSD setpgrp() and getpgrp()
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that signalfd info is available in /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Explicitly refer the reader to sigsetops(3)
+ This man page did not make it obvious which functions
+ should be used for manipulating signals sets, nor where
+ those functions were documented.
+
+socketpair.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note treatment of 'sv' on error
+
+splice.2
+ Askar Safin
+ Improve description of 0 return value.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=90911
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jakub Wilk]
+ Use consistent case for hex constants
+
+sync.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Clarify description and document the Linux data integrity guarantees
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add more architectures and improve error documentation
+ Move the error register documentation into the main table rather
+ than listing them in sentences after the fact.
+
+ Add sparc error return details.
+
+ Add details for alpha/arc/m68k/microblaze/nios2/powerpc/superh/
+ tile/xtensa.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add copy_file_range(2)
+
+times.2
+ Kondo, Naoya
+ Fix an incorrect description in NOTES
+ The text has an incorrect description in NOTES, it says
+ that (2^32/HZ) - 300 is about 429 million. It is correct
+ only if HZ=10 which does not look common today. So just
+ removing "(i.e., about 429 million)" is good enough.
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add truncate(1)
+
+uselib.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention CONFIG_USELIB
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc does not support this (obsolete) system call
+
+wait.2
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rename the "status" argument to "wstatus"
+ The fact that exit(3)/_exit(2) has an argument called
+ "status" and the same name is used in the arguments to the
+ wait*() calls can a little too easily lead the user into
+ thinking that the two arguments hold the same information,
+ when of course they don't. So, use a different name
+ for the argument of the wait*() functions, to reduce
+ the chances of such confusion.
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Gebert]
+ Small fixes to example program
+
+clearenv.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matt Zimmerman]
+ Clarify the use and effect of clearenv()
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/679323
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Variables can be added to the environment after calling clearenv()
+
+clog10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show an alternative equivalence for clog10()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update CONFORMING TO
+ Fix grammar error and add C11.
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Paul Pluzhnikov]
+ Describe 'struct dl_phdr_info' fields added in glibc 2.4
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103011
+ Michael Kerrisk [Simon Que]
+ Note that first object visited by 'callback' is the main program
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=94141
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some explanation of ENOENT error
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add system(3)
+
+exp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Joachim Wuttke]
+ SEE ALSO: add expm1(3)
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add open_memstream(3)
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: glibc-2.23 now has LFS support for the fts functions
+
+gamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Cox]
+ gamma() was documented in SVID 2
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Schwab, Orion Poplawski]
+ Update FTM requirements for glibc 2.22
+ Since glibc 2.22 getaddrinfo() etc. are only declared for
+ POSIX.1-2001 or later.
+
+getcwd.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwd(1)
+
+opendir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Help the reader by explicitly mentioning the use of readdir(3)
+
+perror.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Suggest use of strerror(3) in place of deprecated 'sys_errlist'
+
+posix_fallocate.3
+ Jérémie Galarneau
+ ERRORS: add EINTR
+ The glibc implementation of posix_fallocate(), which calls
+ fallocate(), may be interrupted. The fallocate() emulation
+ also makes use of pread()/pwrite(), which may also be
+ interrupted.
+
+posix_memalign.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric Blake]
+ Note posix_memalign()'s treatment of 'memptr' on error
+
+pthread_setaffinity_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add CPU_SET(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove double CONFORMING TO section
+
+rcmd.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ Add missing condition concerning .rhosts file
+ The list of conditions determining if iruserok() and ruserok()
+ functions automatically fail is incomplete. According to glibc
+ source code, the functions also fail if the .rhosts file
+ is hard linked anywhere.
+
+setbuf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add stdbuf(1)
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and merge longjmp()/siglongjmp() discussion into this page
+ The discussion of nonlocal gotos is much easier to read if
+ setjmp() and longjmp() are discussed in the same page. While
+ we're at it, rework almost the entire text and add several
+ more details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC2 adds explicit text on this point.
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why nonlocal gotos make code harder to maintain
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword warning on longjmp() to function that has already returned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to obsolete _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sleep(1)
+
+strftime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jeremy Harris]
+ Note which 'tm' fields are used to calculate each output string
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1162218
+
+strlen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alan Aversa]
+ CONFORMING TO: add C11
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add execve(2)
+
+termios.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document line length in canonical mode
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/drivers/tty/n_tty.c#n1673
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/797479
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Hurley]
+ Further improvements to recent tweaks of canonical mode 4096 char limit
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stephen Hurd, Mats Wichmann]
+ Remove sample implementation of timegm()
+ Stephen and Mats both question the wisdom of showing a portable
+ *non-thread-safe* implementation of timegm(), and I find it
+ hard to disagree. So, remove this code.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=103701
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand DESCRIPTION a little
+
+st4.4
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove spurious copyright section
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ldattach(1)
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Gabriel Corona, Mike Frysinger]
+ Fix description of STV_PROTECTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_DEFAULT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of STV_HIDDEN
+ Chris Pick
+ Remove erroneous, duplicate SHN_* section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Pick]
+ Reword discussion of range values a little
+
+gai.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add gpasswd(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1)
+ SE ALSO: add gshadow(5)
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen [Mike Frysinger]
+ tel + fax are deprecated
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Nikola Forró
+ Update NSS compatibility mode description
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lslogins(1)
+
+aio.7
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Improve example
+ When aio_sigevent.sigev_notify is set to SIGEV_SIGNAL, signal
+ handlers called for asynchronous I/O operations will have
+ si->si_code set to SI_ASYNCIO. Check to make sure that
+ si->si_value.sival_ptr is defined.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain safety check for capability-dumb binaries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sg(1), su(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add id(1), group(5), passwd(5)
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add groups(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the Bourne "NAME=value command" syntax
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some details describing hos shell's environment is initialized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child of fork(2) inherits copy of parent's environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_env(3)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that epoll info is available via /proc/PID/fdinfo
+
+fanotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo fanotify entries
+
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a summary of some FTM key points
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give an early hint about some macros being defined by default
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify relation between _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 and _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ Emphasize that defining _XOPEN_SOURCE >=500 produces same
+ effects as defining _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that man pages don't mention _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ As per previous commit, mention of _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+ has generally been removed from the man pages.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effects of "cc -std=c99" and "cc -std=c11"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify some _ISOC99_SOURCE / _DEFAULT_SOURCE details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is obsolete
+ Since SUSv2, _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is no longer specified
+ in the standard.
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to proc(5) for info on /proc/PID/fdinfo inotify entries
+
+ip.7
+ Eric Dumazet
+ Document IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT socket option
+
+mq_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the close-on-exec flag is automatically set on MQ descriptors
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsns(1)
+ lsns(1) was recently added in util-linux, probably to appear
+ in next release (2.28?).
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Vas Dias]
+ Clarify that I/O signalling requires use of both F_SETOWN and O_ASYNC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mkfifo(1)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the interactions of longjmp() and non-async-signal-safe functions
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=516#c1195.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pcap(3)
+ SEE ALSO: add wireshark(1) and tcpdump(8)
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add POSIX.1-2008 TC2 (POSIX.1-2016)
+
+svipc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tweak description of 'sempid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add lsipc(1)
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Some "magic" symlinks have permissions other than 0777
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/743525
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timeout(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add ntp_adjtime(3) and ntp_gettime(3)
+
+unicode.7
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Document private use areas
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/285444
+
+unix.7
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Add example
+ A complete example demonstrating the usage of sockets for local
+ interprocess communication is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Introduce term "sequenced-packet" for SOCK_SEQPACKET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.06 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-05-09, Oslo
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Alon Bar-Lev <alon.barlev@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Poirier <bpoirier@suse.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Ed Avis <eda@waniasset.com>
+Georg Sauthoff <gsauthof@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jordan Birks <birkses@hotmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
+Valery Reznic <valery_reznic@yahoo.com>
+Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel <Zubair.Kakakhel@imgtec.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Serge Hallyn, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting cgroups
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge Hallyn]
+ New page describing cgroup namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document preadv2() and pwritev2()
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLONE_NEWCGROUP
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ Note that coarse clocks need architecture and VDSO support
+
+clone.2
+fork.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Document ERESTARTNOINTR error code
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Colin Ian King]
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for improperly aligned 'child_stack' value
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Valery Reznic]
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, recursive script interpretation is supported
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that mandatory locking is now governed by a configuration option
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Give some examples of files where sync can fail with EINVAL
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Use %04x to print volume ID
+ Leading zeroes should be used when display a FAT volume ID.
+
+ioprio_set.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'off_t' is an integer data type defined by POSIX
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that memfd_create() does not have a glibc wrapper
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_MANDLOCK requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN (since Linux 4.5)
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document Q_GETNEXTQUOTA and Q_XGETNEXTQUOTA
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework/reorder ERRORS list
+ Make into a single alphabetically ordered list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that removed Q_GETSTATS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version for G_GETINFO, Q_SETINFO, and Q_GETFMT
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+semctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ From kernel 4.6, Linux now updates 'sempid' on SETALL operations
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_BNDERR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SEGV_PKUERR
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'size_t' and 'ssize_t' are integer types specified in POSIX
+
+makedev.3
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Use <sys/sysmacros.h> in SYNOPSIS
+ Defining these functions via <sys/types.h> causes problems for
+ some folk. As noted by Zack Wein:
+
+ libstdc++ force-enables _GNU_SOURCE, which means people
+ writing in C++ _can't_ avoid these nonstandard macros by
+ using a strict conformance mode.
+
+ Since glibc has basically always used <sys/sysmacros.h>,
+ update the docs to have people include that instead.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention that <sys/types.h> may also define these macros
+
+popen.3
+ Nikola Forró
+ RETURN VALUE: describe successful case
+ Reference:
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/popen.html
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pclose.html
+
+strtod.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ed Avis]
+ Improve a detail in RETURN VALUE
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust LC_IDENTIFICATION / abbreviation
+ Tiny tweak to locale.5 based on the on ISO/IEC TR 14652:
+
+ http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/SC22/WG20/docs/n972-14652ft.pdf
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Update LC_ADDRESS after glibc change
+ This patch updates locale.5 to match the recent glibc change
+ in commit a837257199ffab76237385b830cc7b6179fc2f18
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Complete LC_COLLATE
+ Here's the first attempt to (almost) complete the locale.5 manual
+ page by documenting all (but perhaps one) of the missing
+ LC_COLLATE keywords.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ country_car: Add a better description
+
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document group merging
+ Document the recently merged glibc group merge support.
+ Glibc commit ced8f8933673f4efda1d666d26a1a949602035ed
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Proposals/GroupMerging
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/cgroup discussion to cgroups(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some background on why /proc/PID/mountinfo was added
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of /proc/PID/mountinfo 'root' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointer to cgroups(7) for documentation of /proc/cgroups
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) for info on /proc/sys/kernel/core_pipe_limit
+
+cpuset.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7)
+
+ip.7
+ Benjamin Poirier
+ Fix incorrect sockopt name
+ "IP_LEAVE_GROUP" does not exist. It was perhaps a confusion with
+ MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP. Change the text to IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP which has
+ the same function as MCAST_LEAVE_GROUP and is documented in the
+ ip.7 man page.
+
+ Reference:
+ Linux kernel net/ipv4/ip_sockglue.c do_ip_setsockopt()
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroups(7), cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+vdso.7
+ Zubair Lutfullah Kakakhel [Mike Frysinger]
+ Update for MIPS
+ Document the symbols exported by the MIPS VDSO.
+ VDSO support was added from kernel 4.4 onwards.
+
+ See https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/log/arch/mips/vdso
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rasmus Villemoes]
+ The __kernel_clock_* interfaces don't support *_COARSE clocks on PowerPC
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Alon Bar-Lev]
+ Document use of $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM in environment variables
+ These strings are meaningful in LD_LIBRARY_PATH and LD_PRELOAD.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.07 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-07-17, Ulm
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alec Leamas <leamas.alec@gmail.com>
+Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
+Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Chris Gassib <position0x45@hotmail.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Darren Hart <dvhart@infradead.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Élie Bouttier <elie@bouttier.eu>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers3@gmail.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Håkon Sandsmark <hsandsma@cisco.com>
+Iustin Pop <iustin@k1024.org>
+Jacob Willoughby <jacob@spacemonkey.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+James H Cownie <james.h.cownie@intel.com>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jörn Engel <joern@purestorage.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
+Kai Mäkisara <kai.makisara@kolumbus.fi>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Li Peng <lip@dtdream.com>
+Marko Kevac <marko@kevac.org>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+Mitch Walker <mitch@gearnine.com>
+Neven Sajko <nsajko@gmail.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Ori Avtalion <ori@avtalion.name>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rahulbedarkar89@gmail.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Shawn Landden <shawn@churchofgit.com>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
+Szabolcs Nagy <szabolcs.nagy@arm.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
+Tom Callaway <tcallawa@redhat.com>
+Tom Gundersen <teg@jklm.no>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>
+"Yuming Ma(马玉明)" <mayuming@le.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+ Document the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl, formerly known as
+ BTRFS_IOC_EXTENT_SAME.
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Christoph Hellwig, Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls
+ Document the FICLONE and FICLONERANGE ioctls, formerly known as
+ the BTRFS_IOC_CLONE and BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls.
+
+nextup.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting nextup(), nextdown(), and related functions
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing mount namespaces
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document flags used to set propagation type
+ Document MS_SHARED, MS_PRIVATE, MS_SLAVE, and MS_UNBINDABLE.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the MS_REC flag
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook, Jann Horn, Eric W. Biederman, Stephen Smalley]
+ Document ptrace access modes
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Ngid' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status fields: 'NStgid', 'NSpid', 'NSpgid', 'NSsid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+preadv2.2
+pwritev2.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to readv(2)
+
+nextdown.3
+nextdownf.3
+nextdownl.3
+nextupf.3
+nextupl.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to nextup(3)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little more detail on why ldd is unsafe with untrusted executables
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on the output of ldd
+
+localedef.1
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Drop --old-style description
+ The glibc upstream decided to drop localedef(1) --old-style
+ option [1] altogether, I think we can do the same with
+ localedef(1), the option hasn't done anything in over 16
+ years and I doubt anyone uses it.
+
+add_key.2
+ Mitch Walker
+ Empty payloads are not allowed in user-defined keys
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pivot_root(2)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOMEM error for PID namespace where "init" has died
+
+futex.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct an ENOSYS error description
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME is allowed with FUTEX_WAIT.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Darren Hart]
+ Remove crufty text about FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET interpretation of timeout
+ Since Linux 4.5, FUTEX_WAIT also understands
+ FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner]
+ Explain how to get equivalent of FUTEX_WAIT with an absolute timeout
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY
+ Describe FUTEX_BITSET_MATCH_ANY and FUTEX_WAIT and FUTEX_WAKE
+ equivalences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that at least one bit must be set in mask for BITSET operations
+ At least one bit must be set in the 'val3' mask supplied for the
+ FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET and FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET operations.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Thomas Gleixner, Darren Hart]
+ Fix descriptions of various timeouts
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify clock default and choices for FUTEX_WAIT
+
+getitimer.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites to various parts of the page
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ The page as originally written carried text that said the page may
+ be freely distributed but made no statement about modification.
+ In the 20+ years since it was first written, the page has in fact
+ seen repeated, sometimes substantial, modifications, and only a
+ small portion of the original text remains. One could I suppose
+ rewrite the last few pieces that remain from the original,
+ but as the largest contributor to the pages existing text,
+ I'm just going to relicense it to explicitly note that
+ modification is permitted. (I presume the failure by the
+ original author to grant permission to modify was simply an
+ oversight; certainly, the large number of people who have
+ changed the page have taken that to be the case.)
+
+ See also https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Correct rounding to 'maxnodes' (bits, not bytes)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jörn Engel]
+ Fix prototype for get_mempolicy()
+ In numaif.h, 'addr' is typed as 'void *'
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make discussion of RLIMIT_NICE more prominent
+ The discussion of RLIMIT_NICE was hidden under the EPERM error,
+ where it was difficult to find. Place some relevant text in
+ DESCRIPTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getpriority()/setpriority deal with same attribute as nice(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ Clarify equivalence between lower nice value and higher priority
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ get_robust_list() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_fideduperange(2) and ioctl_ficlonerange(2)
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ kcmp() is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Shawn Landden
+ Note about SECURITY_YAMA
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Clarify the meaning if sig==0
+
+lookup_dcookie.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add oprofile(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ EXAMPLE: for completeness, add munmap() and close() calls
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure discussion of 'mountflags' into functional groups
+ The existing text makes no differentiation between different
+ "classes" of mount flags. However, certain flags such as
+ MS_REMOUNT, MS_BIND, MS_MOVE, etc. determine the general
+ type of operation that mount() performs. Furthermore, the
+ choice of which class of operation to perform is performed in
+ a certain order, and that order is significant if multiple
+ flags are specified. Restructure and extend the text to
+ reflect these details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate text on multimounting and mount stacking to NOTES
+ The text was somewhat out of place in its previous location;
+ NOTES is a better location.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove version numbers attached to flags that are modifiable on remount
+ This information was simply bogus. Mea culpa.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to mount_namespaces(7) for details on propagation types
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: s/namespaces(7)/mount_namespaces(7)/
+ Omar Sandoval
+ MS_BIND still ignores mountflags
+ This is clear from the do_mount() function in the kernel as of v4.6.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the default treatment of ATIME flags during MS_REMOUNT
+ The behavior changed in Linux 3.17.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that MS_MOVE ignores remaining bits in 'mountflags'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note kernel version that added MS_MOVE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_NOSUID also disables file capabilities
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate/demote/rework text on MS_MGC_VAL
+ The use of this constant has not been needed for 15 years now.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that 'source' and 'target' are pathnames, and can refer to files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example list of filesystem types
+ Put more modern examples in; remove many older examples.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ MS_LAZYTIME and MS_RELATIME can be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that MS_DIRSYNC setting cannot be changed on remount
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move text describing 'data' argument higher up in page
+ In preparation for other reworking.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only
+
+open.2
+ Eric Biggers
+ Refer to correct functions in description of O_TMPFILE
+
+pciconfig_read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Callaway]
+ Change license to note that page may be modified
+ Niki Rahimi, the author of this page, has agreed that it's okay
+ to change the license to note that the page can be modified.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=118311
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ If pid > 0, the operation is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_REALCREDS
+ Jann Horn
+ Document new perf_event_paranoid default
+ Keno Fischer [Vince Weaver]
+ Add a note that dyn_size is omitted if size == 0
+ The perf_output_sample_ustack in kernel/events/core.c only writes
+ a single 64 bit word if it can't dump the user registers. From the
+ current version of the man page, I would have expected two 64 bit
+ words (one for size, one for dyn_size). Change the man page to
+ make this behavior explicit.
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some wording improvements in timer slack description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to discussion of /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Under discussion of PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, refer the reader to
+ the /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns file, documented in proc(5).
+
+process_vm_readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase permission rules in terms of a ptrace access mode check
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jann Horn]
+ Update Yama ptrace_scope documentation
+ Reframe the discussion in terms of PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH checks,
+ and make a few other minor tweaks and additions.
+ Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn
+ Note that user namespaces can be used to bypass Yama protections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PTRACE_SEIZE is subject to a ptrace access mode check
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase PTRACE_ATTACH permissions in terms of ptrace access mode check
+
+quotactl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jacob Willoughby]
+ 'dqb_curspace' is in bytes, not blocks
+ This error appears to have been injected into glibc
+ when copying some headers from BSD.
+
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/825548
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tom Gundersen]
+ With pending 0-length datagram read() and recv() with flags == 0 differ
+
+setfsgid.2
+setfsuid.2
+ Jann Horn [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Fix note about errors from the syscall wrapper
+ See sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/setfsuid.c in glibc-2.2.1.
+ (This code is not present in modern glibc anymore.)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move glibc wrapper notes to "C library/kernel differences" subsection
+
+sysinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite and update various pieces
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: Mention /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+umount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to mount_namespaces(7) under CLONE_NEWNS description
+
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Note that the glibc wrapper disallows pathname==NULL
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.7, __WALL is implied if child being ptraced
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ waitid() now (since Linux 4.7) also supports __WNOTHREAD/__WCLONE/__WALL
+
+assert.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
+ Improved description
+ Removed text referring to text not being helpful to users. Provide
+ the error text instead to allow the reader to determine whether it
+ is helpful. Recommend against using NDEBUG for programs to
+ exhibit deterministic behavior. Moved description ahead of
+ recommendations.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of message printed by assert()
+
+fmax.3
+fmin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fdim(3)
+
+getauxval.3
+ Cownie, James H
+ Correct AT_HWCAP result description
+
+inet_pton.3
+ Stefan Puiu
+ Mention byte order
+
+malloc_hook.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 removes __malloc_initialize_hook
+
+memmem.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note that memmem() is present on some other systems
+
+mkdtemp.3
+mktemp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mktemp(1)
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shawn Landden]
+ Note support in other C libraries for %m and %n
+
+strcasecmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ori Avtalion]
+ Make details of strncasecmp() comparison clearer
+
+strcat.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a program that shows the performance characteristics of strcat()
+ In honor of Joel Spolksy's visit to Munich, let's start educating
+ Schlemiel The Painter.
+
+strtoul.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add a64l(3)
+
+strxfrm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Florian Weimer]
+ Remove NOTES section
+ strxfrm() and strncpy() are not precisely equivalent in the
+ POSIX locale, so this NOTES section was not really correct.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=104221
+
+console_codes.4
+console_ioctl.4
+tty.4
+vcs.4
+charsets.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Remove console(4) references
+ 0f9e647 removed the obsolete console(4) page but we still have few
+ references to it. The patch below removes them or converts to refs
+ to console_ioctl(4) where appropriate.
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Chris Gassib]
+ The argument to KDGETMODE is an 'int'
+
+lirc.4
+ Alec Leamas
+ Update after upstreamed lirc.h, bugfixes.
+
+st.4
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Fix description of read() when block is larger than request
+ Kai Mäkisara
+ Update MTMKPART for kernels >= 4.6
+ Update the description of the MTMKPART operation of MTIOCTOP to match
+ the changes in kernel version 4.6.
+
+charmap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Updates charmap(5) to match the syntax all the glibc
+ charmap files are using currently.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add readelf(1)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Document missing keywords, minor updates
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Adjust conformance
+
+proc.5
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/PID/mounts information to proc(5)
+ There was partial duplication, and some extra information
+ in namespaces(7). Move everything to proc(5).
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/fd/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/fd/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/timerslack_ns is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/{maps,mem,pagemap} access mode checks
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{maps,pagemap} is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/mem is governed by a
+ PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note /proc/PID/stat fields that are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/{cwd,exe,root} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/io is governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/io is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{personality,stack,syscall} is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to access /proc/PID/{auxv,environ,wchan} is governed by
+ a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move shared subtree /proc/PID/mountinfo fields to mount_namespaces(7)
+ Move information on shared subtree fields in /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ to mount_namespaces(7).
+ Michael Kerrisk ["Yuming Ma(马玉明)"]
+ Note that /proc/net is now virtualized per network namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to mount_namespaces(7)
+
+repertoiremap.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Clarify keyword syntax
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Lutomirski]
+ Note on SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE for capabilities-only environment
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a detail on use of securebits
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add mount(2) EBUSY error
+
+cp1251.7
+cp1252.7
+iso_8859-1.7
+iso_8859-15.7
+iso_8859-5.7
+koi8-r.7
+koi8-u.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Add some charset references
+ Add some references to related charsets here and there.
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add runuser(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add newgrp(1)
+ SEE ALSO: add sudo(8)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that applications should not directly include <features.h>
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which sections man-pages provides man pages for
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett]
+ Add a few more details on formatting conventions
+ Add some more details for Section 1 and 8 formatting.
+ Separate out formatting discussion into commands, functions,
+ and "general".
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ /proc/PID/ns/* are governed by PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS
+ Permission to dereference/readlink /proc/PID/ns/* symlinks is
+ governed by a PTRACE_MODE_READ_FSCREDS ptrace access mode check.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Nowadays, file changes in /proc/PID/mounts are notified differently
+ Exceptional condition for select(), (E)POLLPRI for (e)poll
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove /proc/PID/mountstats description
+ This is a duplicate of information in proc(5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to new mount_namespaces(7) for information on mount namespaces
+
+netlink.7
+ Andrey Vagin
+ Describe netlink socket options
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information
+ (No changes in technical details.)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namespaces(7)
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion on pathname socket permissions to DESCRIPTION
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of socket permissions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix statement about permissions needed to connect to a UNIX domain socket
+ Read permission is not required (verified by experiment).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify ownership and permissions assigned during socket creation
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carsten Grohmann]
+ Update text on socket permissions on other systems
+ At least some of the modern BSDs seem to check for write
+ permission on a socket. (I tested OpenBSD 5.9.) On Solaris 10,
+ some light testing suggested that write permission is still
+ not checked on that system.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that umask / permissions have no effect for abstract sockets
+ W. Trevor King
+ Fix example code: 'ret' check after accept populates 'data_socket'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move some abstract socket details to a separate subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that abstract sockets automatically disappear when FDs are closed
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Clarify meaning of privilege in a user namespace
+ Having privilege in a user NS only allows privileged
+ operations on resources governed by that user NS. Many
+ privileged operations relate to resources that have no
+ association with any namespace type, and only processes
+ with privilege in the initial user NS can perform those
+ operations.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ List the mount operations permitted by CAP_SYS_ADMIN in a
+ noninitial userns.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows mounting cgroup filesystems
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=120671
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of CAP_SYS_ADMIN and cgroup v1 mounts
+ With respect to cgroups version 1, CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user
+ namespace allows only *named* hierarchies to be mounted (and
+ not hierarchies that have a controller).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify CAP_SYS_ADMIN details for mounting FS_USERNS_MOUNT filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct user namespace rules for mounting /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe a concrete example of capability checking
+ Add a concrete example of how the kernel checks capabilities in
+ an associated user namespace when a process attempts a privileged
+ operation.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct kernel version where XFS added support for user namespaces
+ Linux 3.12, not 3.11.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ptrace(2)
+ SEE ALSO: add cgroup_namespaces(7)
+
+utf-8.7:
+ Shawn Landden
+ Include RFC 3629 and clarify endianness which is left ambiguous
+ The endianness is suggested by the order the bytes are displayed,
+ but the text is ambiguous.
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.08 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-10-08, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Arnaud Gaillard <arnaud.mgaillard@gmail.com>
+Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@worldbroken.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+David Turner <novalis@novalis.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Hu Keping <hukeping@huawei.com>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Ivan Kharpalev <ivan.kharpalev@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Local Lembke <logan@blackhillsinfosec.com>
+Mats Wichmann <mats@wichmann.us>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Patrick McLean <patrickm@gaikai.com>
+Peter Wu <peter@lekensteyn.nl>
+Petr Cermak <petrcermak@chromium.org>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ray Bellis <ray@isc.org>
+Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+Siward de Groot <siward@wanadoo.nl>
+Sloane Bernstein <sloane@cpanel.net>
+Stefan Tauner <tauner@technikum-wien.at>
+Tim Savannah <kata198@gmail.com>
+Ursache Vladimir <f35f22fan@gmail.com>
+Zefram <zefram@fysh.org>
+王守堰 <wangshouyan@gmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Updated information regarding disk quota flags
+ Added information regarding DQF_SYS_FILE flag; updated definition
+ of V1_DQF_RSQUASH, which has been defined privately and defined
+ publicly as DQF_ROOT_SQUASH.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Updated information regarding XFS-specific quotactl subcommands
+ Added information regarding structure definitions used for
+ XFS-specific subcommands, updated flag constants, added
+ information regarding ignored syscall arguments, added notes on
+ usage of kernel UAPI header.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Additions regarding project quotas
+ Added information regarding presence of project quotas.
+
+bswap.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting bswap_16(), bswap_32(), and bswap_64()
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Substantial rewrites, additions, and corrections.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the pwritev2() RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC flags
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/seccomp
+ Jann Horn
+ Document /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children interface from
+ CRIU, and more importantly, document why it's usually not
+ a good interface.
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+bswap_16.3
+bswap_32.3
+bswap_64.3
+ New link to new bswap.3
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix section ordering
+ Various pages had sections in an order different from
+ that prescribed in man-pages(7).
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Consistently use /proc/[pid] (not /proc/PID)
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+ Entries should be ordered first by section, and then alphabetically
+ within the section.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove section number from page self reference
+ Fix places where pages refer to the function that they describe
+ and include a section number in that reference. Such references
+ cause some HTML-rendering tools to create self-references in the
+ page.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate groff "cannot adjust line" warnings
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+pldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ Note gdb(1) command that can be used as a replacement for pldd
+ Taken from Carlos O'Donnell's suggestion in
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=18035#c2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: pldd has not worked since glibc 2.19
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention epoll(7) alongside poll()/select()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Demote discussion of DECNet to NOTES
+ DECNet ceased to be important long ago...
+
+adjtimex.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Fix kernel version references
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_CHROOT
+
+clone.2
+ Keno Fischer [Josh Triplett]
+ Adjust syscall prototype and expand CLONE_SETTLS description
+ Michael Kerrisk [Josh Triplett, Josh Triplett]
+ Document raw syscall interfaces on various other architectures
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change types for 'ptid' and 'ctid' in syscall prototypes
+ These types changed from 'void *' to 'int *' back in Linux 3.8.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EINVAL is generated by glibc wrapper for NULL 'fn' or 'child_stack'
+ Clarify that this error is produced by the wrapper function, not
+ the underlying system call. In particular, the point is that the
+ raw system call can accommodate a NULL pointer for 'child_stack'.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Elliott Hughes]
+ Make the implications of CLONE_FILES more explicit
+ If CLONE_FILES is not set, the duplicated FDs nevertheless share
+ file offset and status flags via the open file description.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention kcmp() under notes
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of the close-on-exec flag
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion noting that close() does not flush buffer cache
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Mike Crowe
+ Clarify that the timeout is measured against CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention use of 'environ' to access environment list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that real UID, real GID, and supplementary GIDs are unchanged
+
+fanotify_init.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Update BUGS information
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an important detail of F_SETOWN permission rules for signals
+ F_SETOWN records the caller's credentials at the time of
+ the fcntl() call, and it is these saved credentials that
+ are used for subsequent permission checks.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the description of the effect of close-on-exec a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that F_GETFD and F_GETFL return flags via the function result
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ PID of new process also does not match any existing session ID
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pwritev(2)
+ Since Linux 4.7, pwritev() has flags related to I/O
+ integrity completion.
+
+getdomainname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getgroups.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace semantics for CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+
+getsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework description to be somewhat clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct the definition of "session ID"
+
+getunwind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify text referring to vdso(7)
+ The detail given here is redundant, since this info is also
+ in vdso(7).
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirement for CAP_KILL
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to kill(2) for signal permission rules
+
+mlock.2
+ Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
+ Document that fork() after mlock() may be a bad idea in a RT process
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Describe treatment of 'offset' for MAP_ANONYMOUS
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siward de Groot]
+ Small improvement to description of MAP_SHARED
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6887
+
+msgctl.2
+msgget.2
+msgop.2
+semctl.2
+semget.2
+semop.2
+shmctl.2
+shmget.2
+shmop.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the user namespace requirements for CAP_IPC_OWNER
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace capability requirements for O_NOATIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: kcmp() can be used to test if two FDs refer to the same OFD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F2FS support for O_TMPFILE was added in Linux 3.16
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the rules about how the group ID of a new file is determined
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to proc(5) for effects of dumpability on ownership of /proc/PID/*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: Add EACCES error for PR_SET_SECCOMP-SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify list of cases where "dumpable" attribute is reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for PR_CAPBSET_DROP CAP_SETPCAP
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir]
+ Make example program handle links that report a size of zero
+ Some "magic" symlinks created by the kernel (e.g., those under
+ /proc and /sys) report 'st_size' as zero. Modify the example
+ program to handle that possibility.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Emphasize that truncation of returned buffer generates no error
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Hellwig]
+ Clarify that RWF_DSYNC and RWF_SYNC apply only to data being written
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add preadv2() and pwritev2() to NAME line
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements around CAP_SYS_BOOT
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tim Savannah]
+ Clarify that ERRORS may cause rename to fail (not to be nonatomic)
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SYS_NICE
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN is required only in caller's user namespace
+
+select_tut.2
+ Peter Wu
+ Fix various issues in example program
+
+seteuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETGID
+
+setpgid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to credentials(7)
+
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate some text on sessions and sessions leaders
+ Some text that was in setpgid(2) is better placed in setsid(2).
+
+setresuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+setreuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details for details on controlling terminal
+ Refer to credentials(7) for details of how a session obtains
+ a controlling terminal.
+
+set_thread_area.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add get_thread_area() to NAME
+
+setuid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_SETUID
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand/clarify libc/kernel sigset_t difference
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ursache Vladimir, Mats Wichmann]
+ Improve discussion of 'st_size' for /proc and /sys files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE no longer expose nanosecond timestamps
+
+umask.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Provide a rationale for the existence of /proc/PID/status 'Umask' field
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove erroneous statement that waitpid() is implemented via wait4()
+ There is a fallback to wait4(), but only if the kernel does
+ not provide a waitpid() system call.
+
+bindresvport.3
+rcmd.3
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
+
+byteorder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+dlopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dlmopen() is still broken in glibc 2.24
+
+endian.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bswap(3)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stefan Tauner]
+ Correct feature test macro requirements
+
+fmemopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rich Felker]
+ Remove bogus suggestion to use setbuffer()
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update feature test macro requirements for cuserid()
+
+getumask.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that getumask() is still unavailable in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point to umask(2) for a thread-safe way to discover process's umask
+
+mkstemp.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for mkstemp()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value has always been 200809L,
+ not 200112L.
+
+pthread_join.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mats Wichmann]
+ Note that the caller might do clean up after joining with a thread
+ Michael Kerrisk [王守堰]
+ Clarify use of 'retval' pointer
+
+resolver.3
+ Ray Bellis
+ Correct arguments to res_ninit(res_state statep)
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an example program
+
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ wcsrtombs() does not provide thread-safe interface to same functionality
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+
+core.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add more details for output paths and the crash handler
+ People sometimes assume that the crash handler runs in the same
+ context as the crashing process. They would be incorrect :).
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Clarify the root symlink and mount namespaces
+ If the target process is in a different mount namespace, the root
+ symlink actually shows that view of the filesystem.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Expand discussion of /proc/[pid]/root
+ Add a shell example showing that /proc/[pid]/root is more
+ than a symlink. Based on an example provided by Mike Frysinger
+ in an earlier commit message.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rules determining ownership of /proc/PID/* files
+ Describe the effect of the "dumpable" attribute on ownership
+ of /proc/PID files.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect of 'suid_dumpable' on ownership of /proc/PID files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to ptrace(2) for info on effect of suid_dumpable on ptraceability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to core(5) in discussion of 'suid_dumpable'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'suid_dumpable' mode 1 is insecure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/meminfo '+ShmemHugePages' and 'ShmemPmdMapped' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'RssAnon', 'RssFile', and 'RssShmem' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'HugetlbPages' field
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zefram]
+ Clarify that /proc/PID/statm 'shared' field counts *resident* pages
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=741360
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to umask(2) in discussion of /proc/PID/status 'Umask'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for /proc/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note changes to config option governing /proc/[pid]/task/[tid]/children
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of /proc/PID/statm 'lib' and 'dt' fields
+ These fields are always zero since Linux 2.6.
+ Namhyung Kim [Petr Cermak]
+ Add description of CLEAR_REFS_MM_HIWATER_RSS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update example VM values in /proc/PID/status
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add note about nosuid to file capabilities section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add proc(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setsid(2) and setpgid(2)
+
+glob.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arnaud Gaillard]
+ Clarify that syntactically incorrect patterns are left unchanged
+
+packet.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Patrick McLean]
+ Document FIONREAD
+
+raw.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify user namespace requirements for CAP_NET_RAW
+ Also remove mention of UID 0 as a method or creating
+ a raw socket. As far as I can tell from reading the
+ kernel source (net/ipv4/af_inet.c), this is not true.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIOCSPGRP: refer to fcntl(2) F_SETOWN for correct permission rules
+ The permission rules described for SIOCCPGRP are wrong. Rather
+ than repeat the rules here, just refer the reader to fcntl(2),
+ where the rules are described for F_SETOWN.
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Ivan Kharpalev]
+ Remove mention of recvmsg() from discussion of EPIPE error
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=137351
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of LD_DEBUG
+ Provide a list of the categories, and note that multiple
+ categories can be specified.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add glibc version for LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify text describing whether secure-mode programs preload libraries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove discussion of environment variables understood by libc5
+ libc5 disappeared long ago, so cease cluttering up this page
+ with those ancient details. Thus, remove discussion of the
+ following environment variables: LD_AOUT_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ LD_AOUT_PRELOAD, LD_KEEPDIR, LD_NOWARN, and LDD_ARGV0.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove text with ancient libc4 and Linux libc details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove mention of "ELF only"
+ Drawing a distinction between ELF-only features versus a,out
+ ceased to be relevant long ago, so cluttering the page
+ with "ELF-only" serves no purpose.
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.09 ====================
+
+Released: 2016-12-12, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Afzal Mohammed <afzal.mohd.ma@gmail.com>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
+Daniel Baluta <daniel.baluta@gmail.com>
+Daniel Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
+Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Igor Liferenko <igor.liferenko@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
+Jeremy Harris <jgh@redhat.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Laurent Georget <laurent.georget@supelec.fr>
+Laurent Georget <laurent@lgeorget.eu>
+Marcos Mello <marcosfrm@gmail.com>
+Michael Hausenblas <michael.hausenblas@gmail.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
+Miroslav Koskar <mk@mkoskar.com>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
+Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
+Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
+Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
+Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
+Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>
+Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page documenting pkey_alloc(2) and pkey_free(2)
+
+pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_getattr_default_np(3) and pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+strfromd.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New page documenting strfromd(3), strfromf(3), and strfroml(3)
+ The ISO/IEC TS 18661-1 specifies the strfrom() class
+ of functions that convert a float-point value to string.
+
+fuse.4
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page describing /dev/fuse
+ This is my writeup of a basic description of /dev/fuse after
+ playing with it for a few hours today. It is of course woefully
+ incomplete, and since I neither have a use case nor am working
+ on this code, I will not be in a position to expand it in the
+ near future. However, I'm hoping this could still serve as a
+ handy reference for others looking at this interface.
+
+ [mtk: Notwithstanding the incompleteness of this page,
+ it's a good base for future extension.]
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting the tmpfs filesystem
+
+pkeys.7
+ Dave Hansen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page with overview of Memory Protection Keys
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Theodore Ts'o, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Laurent Georget]
+ New page providing an overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness
+ Contains material extracted from getrandom(2) and random(4),
+ as well as new material.
+
+sock_diag.7
+ Pavel Emelyanov, Dmitry V. Levin
+ New page documenting NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG interface
+
+close.2
+getpriority.2
+nice.2
+timer_create.2
+timerfd_create.2
+random.4
+elf.5
+proc.5
+sched.7
+ Various authors
+ These pages also saw substantial updates, as described under
+ "Changes to individual pages".
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add (much) more detail on MAP_GROWSDOWN
+
+mprotect.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Document the new pkey_mprotect() system call
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PROT_SEM, PROT_SAO, PROT_GROWSUP, and PROT_GROWSDOWN
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document PR_SET_FP_MODE and PR_GET_FP_MODE
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_RECORD_SWITCH support
+ Linux 4.3 introduced two new record types for recording context
+ switches: PERF_RECORD_SWITCH and PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_CALL branch sample type
+ Vince Weaver
+ PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP branch_sample_type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new branch_sample_type: PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_IND_JUMP
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document PERF_RECORD_MISC_PROC_MAP_PARSE_TIMEOUT
+ Vince Weaver
+ Document sample_max_stack and /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack
+ Linux 4.8 added a new sample_max_stack parameter, as well as
+ /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack which limits it and a new
+ EOVERFLOW error return.
+ Dave Hansen
+ PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES record type
+ Linux 4.2 added a new record type: PERF_RECORD_LOST_SAMPLES
+ It is generated when hardware samples (currently only Intel PEBS)
+ are lost.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document PTRACE_GET_THREAD_AREA and PTRACE_SET_THREAD_AREA
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eric W. Biederman]
+ Document the NS_GET_USERNS and NS_GET_PARENT ioctl() operations
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Galbraith]
+ Document the autogroup feature
+ Includes documenting autogroup nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Autogrouping breaks traditional semantics of nice in many cases
+ When autogrouping is enabled (the default in many distros)
+ there are many traditional use cases where the nice value
+ ceases to have any effect.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subsection on nice value and group scheduling
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+killpg.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to relocated killpg(3) page
+
+pkey_free.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pkey_alloc(2) page
+
+pkey_mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to mprotect(2)
+
+pthread_setattr_default_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_getattr_default_np.3
+
+strfromf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+strfroml.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ New link to strfromd(3)
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient libc4 and libc5 details
+ It's nearly 20 years now since Linux libc went away.
+ Remove some ancient details from the pages.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross references to new tmpfs(5) page
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change section number from 2 to 3 in killpg() references
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+accept.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove editorializing comments about 'socklen_t'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify the discussion of 'socklen_t'
+ We don't really need to list the old OSes in this discussion.
+
+adjtimex.2
+clock_getres.2
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hwclock(8)
+
+bind.2
+connect.2
+getpeername.2
+getsockname.2
+getsockopt.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Replace discussion of 'socklen_t' with reference to accept(2)
+ The discussion of 'socklen_t' editorializes and is repeated
+ across several pages. Replace it with a reference to accept(2),
+ where some details about this type are provided.
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chmod(1)
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chgrp(1) and chown(1)
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add chroot(1)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The CLONE_*_SETTID operations store TID before return to user space
+ CLONE_PARENT_SETTID and CLONE_CHILD_SETTID store the new
+ TID before clone() returns to user space
+
+close.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Wagner]
+ Rework and greatly extend discussion of error handling
+ Further clarify that an error return should be used only
+ for diagnostic or remedial purposes.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Other UNIX implementations also close the FD, even if reporting an error
+ Looking at some historical source code suggests
+ that the "close() always closes regardless of error return"
+ behavior has a long history, predating even POSIX.1-1990.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that future POSIX plans to require that the FD is closed on error
+ See http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=529#c1200.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the variation in EINTR behavior per POSIX and other systems
+
+fallocate.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document behavior with shared blocks
+ Note that FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE may use CoW to unshare blocks to
+ guarantee that a disk write won't fail with ENOSPC.
+
+fanotify_mark.2
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention FAN_Q_OVERFLOW
+ To receive overflow events it is necessary to set this bit
+ in fanotify_mark().
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ F_GETPIPE_SZ allocates next power-of-2 multiple of requested size
+ Add some detail about current implementation, since this helps
+ the user understand the effect of the user pipe limits added in
+ Linux 4.5 (described in pipe(7)).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add EPERM that occurs for F_SETPIPE_SZ when user pipe limit is reached
+
+fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong [Omar Sandoval]
+ Fix the discussion of maximum sizes
+ Fix the discussion of the limitations on the dest_count and
+ src_length parameters to the fideduperange ioctl() to reflect
+ what's actually in the kernel.
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(3)
+ fileno(3) is useful if one is combining fflush(3)/fclose(3)
+ and fsync(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fflush(3)
+
+getgroups.2
+ Andrew Clayton
+ FTM requirements fix for setgroups(2)
+
+gethostname.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add hostname(1)
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'addr' must be NULL when 'flags' is 0
+
+getpriority.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Refer the reader to sched(7) for the details.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of getpriority() return value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ Note that the nice value supplied to setpriority() is clamped
+ to the permitted range.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of setpriority() return value
+
+getpriority.2
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move nice value details from getpriority(2) to sched(7)
+ Centralizing these details in sched(7) is more logical.
+
+getrandom.2
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consolidate and improve discussion on usage of randomness
+ Currently, recommendations on how to consume randomness are
+ spread across both getrandom(2) and random(4) and the general
+ opinion seems to be that the text in getrandom(2) does a
+ somewhat better job. Consolidate the discussion to a single
+ page (getrandom(2)) and address some of the concerns
+ expressed about the existing text in random(4).
+ [Some of this text ultimately made its way into the new
+ random(7) page.]
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove material incorporated into random(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note advantages of fact that getrandom() doesn't use file descriptors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that getrandom() is not "reading" from /dev/{random,urandom}
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in discussion of RLIMIT_RTPRIO and RLIMIT_RTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the range of the RLIMIT_NICE limit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to sched(7) in the discussion of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add credentials(7)
+
+ioctl_ficlonerange.2
+ioctl_fideduperange.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Clarify the behavior of the FIDEDUPERANGE ioctl
+
+kill.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add kill(1)
+
+mbind.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Christoph Lameter]
+ Memory policy is a per-thread attribute, not a per-process attribute
+
+mbind.2
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Piotr Kwapulinski [Christoph Lameter, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add MPOL_LOCAL NUMA memory policy documentation
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mountpoint(1)
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: note that pkey_mprotect() is Linux-specific
+
+nice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that autogrouping voids the effect of 'nice' in many cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO: Remove an ancient SVr4 detail on errno values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of nice() return value and standards conformance
+ Make the text a little clearer. In particular, clarify that the
+ raw system call (still) returns 0 on success.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the range of the nice value, and note that it is clamped
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add mention of RLIMIT_NICE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move discussion of handling the -1 success return to RETURN VALUE
+ This detail was rather hidden in NOTES. Also, rework the text
+ a little.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that nice() changes the nice value of the calling *thread*
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add "C library/kernel differences" subsection heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to sched(7) for further details on the nice value
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ubifs supports O_TMPFILE starting with Linux 4.9
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ENOMEM that occurs when opening FIFO because of pipe hard limit
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Vince Weaver
+ Add cycles field in LBR records
+ Linux 4.3 added a cycles field to the PERF_SAMPLE_BRANCH_STACK
+ last branch records.
+ Vince Weaver
+ Update time_shift sample code
+ Linux 4.3 improved the accuracy of the clock/ns conversion routines.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the use of signals for capturing overflow events
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENFILE error for user pipe hard limit reached
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Some additional details regarding the PR_GET_UNALIGNED operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Note the output buffer size for PR_GET_TID_ADDRESS operation on x32/n32
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove numeric definitions of PR_FP_MODE_FR and PR_FP_MODE_FRE bits
+
+ptrace.2
+ Keno Fischer
+ Document the behavior of PTRACE_SYSEMU stops
+ Keno Fischer
+ Expand documentation PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP traps
+ In Linux 4.8, the order of PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP and
+ syscall-entry-stops was reversed. Document both behaviors and
+ their interaction with the various forms of restart.
+
+quotactl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Describe Q_XQUOTASYNC, which is present but no-op in recent kernels
+
+reboot.2
+ Wang Long
+ Note errors for invalid commands inside a PID namespace
+
+sched_setattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix cross reference for further info on the nice value
+ The information moved from getpriority(2) to sched(7).
+
+sched_setscheduler.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Daniel Berrange]
+ Mention SCHED_DEADLINE
+ Give the reader a clue that there is another policy
+ available that can't be set via sched_setscheduler(2).
+
+seccomp.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document changed interaction with ptrace
+ Before kernel 4.8, the seccomp check will not be run again
+ after the tracer is notified. Fixed in kernel 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention ptrace(PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER) to dump seccomp filters
+
+set_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat list of modes
+
+setsid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve wording of text on calling setsid() after fork()+_exit()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sched(7)
+ List sched(7), because setsid(2) is part of the machinery
+ of autogrouping.
+
+sigaction.2
+ Dave Hansen
+ Further documentation of SEGV_PKUERR
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document ssi_addr_lsb field of signalfd_siginfo
+
+symlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+sync_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix description for ESPIPE error
+ A file descriptor can't refer to a symbolic link.
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pkey_alloc(), pkey_free(), and pkey_mprotect()
+ New system calls in Linux 4.9.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ppc_swapcontext(2)
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+
+timerfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion on relative and absolute timers
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add unlink(2)
+
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add touch(1)
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On some architectures, waitpid() is a wrapper that calls wait4().
+
+atof.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+ctime.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RETURN VALUE: describe return values more explicitly
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add glibc error text for EILSEQ
+
+fclose.3
+fflush.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fileno(2)
+
+getlogin.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove deprecated _REENTRANT from FTM requirements for getlogin_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add logname(1)
+
+isalpha.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+killpg.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move killpg.2 from section to section 3
+
+mallopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Siddhesh Poyarekar]
+ Document 0 as default value of M_ARENA_MAX and explain its meaning
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document default value for M_ARENA_TEST
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value of M_PERTURB
+
+mbsnrtowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Note behavior of mbsnrtowcs() for an incomplete character
+ Note the behavior of mbsnrtowcs() when an incomplete character
+ is found at end of the input buffer.
+
+mbstowcs.3
+wcstombs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Improve language relating to "initial state"
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=839705
+
+mbstowcs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Igor Liferenko]
+ Add missing include to example program
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845172
+
+mq_close.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add reference to mq_notify(3)
+
+mq_open.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding usage of mq_flags attribute in mq_open()
+
+mq_receive.3
+mq_send.3
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Clarification regarding reasons behind EBADF
+
+printf.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+pthread_attr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_setattr_default_np(3)
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that ptsname_r() is proposed for future inclusion in POSIX.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CONFORMING TO:: clarify that only ptsname() is standardized (so far)
+
+remainder.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fix to remainder(nan(""), 0) handling
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6779
+ has been fixed in glibc 2.15.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes for EDOM handling for range errors
+ The bug http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6783
+ was fixed in glibc 2.15.
+
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _BSD_SOURCE must be *explicitly* defined to get BSD setjmp() semantics
+
+strtod.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ SEE ALSO: add strfromd(3)
+
+tgamma.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document fixes to give ERANGE for underflow range error
+ The bug https://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6810
+ was fixed in glibc 2.19.
+
+timegm.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Lefevre]
+ Add RETURN VALUE section
+
+tmpnam.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Properly document tmpnam_r(3)
+
+toupper.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note circumstances where 'c' must be cast to 'unsigned char'
+
+ttyname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tty(1)
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief descriptive text for KDGKBMODE modes
+ Miroslav Koskar
+ Add K_OFF keyboard mode
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to new random(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework formatting of /proc interfaces
+ Make the information easier to parse by formatting the file
+ descriptions as hanging lists. No significant content changes.
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Laurent Georget]
+ Provide a more accurate description of /dev/urandom
+ This documents the "property" of /dev/urandom of being able to
+ serve numbers prior to pool being initialized, and removes any
+ suggested usages of /dev/random which are disputable
+ (i.e., one-time pad). Document the fact /dev/random is only
+ suitable for applications which can afford indeterminate delays
+ since very few applications can do so. Smooth the alarming
+ language about a theoretical attack, and mention that its
+ security depends on the cryptographic primitives used by the
+ kernel, as well as the total entropy gathered.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Laurent Georget, Theodore Ts'o]
+ Improve discussion of /dev/urandom, blocking reads, and signals
+ The text currently states that O_NONBLOCK has no effect for
+ /dev/urandom, which is true. It also says that reads from
+ /dev/urandom are nonblocking. This is at the least confusing.
+ If one attempts large reads (say 10MB) from /dev/urandom
+ there is an appreciable delay, and interruption by a signal
+ handler will result in a short read. Amend the text to
+ reflect this.
+
+elf.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add subsection headers at major points
+ The current pages dumps all the content into one big DESCRIPTION
+ with no real visual break up between logically independent
+ sections. Add some subsection headers to make it easier to
+ read and scan.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document notes
+ Document the Elf{32,64}_Nhdr structure, the sections/segments that
+ contain notes, and how to interpret them. I've been lazy and only
+ included the GNU extensions here, especially as others are not
+ defined in the elf.h header file as shipped by glibc.
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fuse(4)
+
+proc.5
+ Dave Hansen
+ Describe new ProtectionKey 'smaps' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add example ProtectionKey output for 'smaps' file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add pointers to sched(7) for autogroup files
+ sched(7) describes /proc/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled
+ and /proc/PID/autogroup.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{hard,soft} entries
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of the KernelPageSize and MMUPageSize 'smaps' fields
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' ProtectionKey text and add some details
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention lslocks(8) in discussion of /proc/locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe Shmem field of /proc/meminfo
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework 'smaps' VmFlags text, and add kernel version and example output
+
+proc.5
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size content from proc(5) to pipe(7)
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Carlos O'Donell [Florian Weimer]
+ Timeout does not map to resolver API calls
+
+utmp.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add users(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN governs ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN allows privileged ioctl() operations on /dev/random
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add details on 'cpu' CFS bandwidth control
+
+credentials.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add setpriv(1)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shadow(5)
+
+feature_test_macros.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Note that _REENTRANT and _THREAD_SAFE are now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "cc -pthread" defines _REENTRANT
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note a subtlety of event generation when monitoring a directory
+
+libc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a note on why glibc 2.x uses the soname libc.so.6
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a few historical details on Linux libc4 and libc5
+ Just for historical interest. Details taken from
+ http://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/glibcinfo.html.
+
+mdoc.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross-reference to groff_mdoc(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add user_namespaces(7)
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrate subsection on mount restrictions to mount_namespaces(7)
+ This section material in the user_namespaces(7) page was written
+ before the creation of the mount_namespaces(7) manual page.
+ Nowadays, this material properly belongs in the newer page.
+
+netlink.7
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document NETLINK_INET_DIAG rename to NETLINK_SOCK_DIAG
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Add references to sock_diag(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for information about NS_GET_PARENT
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk, Vegard Nossum [Vegard Nossum]
+ Document /proc files controlling memory usage by pipes
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size and
+ /proc/sys/fs/pipe-user-pages-{soft,hard}.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document pre-Linux 4.9 bugs in pipe limit checking
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a new introductory paragraph describing the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more precise details on CFS's treatment of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention RLIMIT_NICE in the discussion of the nice value
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention cgroups CPU controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add introductory sentence mentioning CFS scheduler
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add nice(2), getpriority(2), and setpriority(2) to API list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer that SCHED_OTHER is always scheduled below real-time
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give the page a more generic NAME
+ The page isn't just about APIs.
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ POSIX.1-2016 (POSIX.1-2008 TC2) has now been released
+
+symlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add namei(1)
+
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "example.com" as example domain
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_USERNS operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to namespaces(7) for NS_GET_PARENT operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.10 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-03-13, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
+Alex <psybin@riseup.net>
+Anders Thulin <anders@thulin.name>
+Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
+Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
+Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Erik Kline <ekline@gmail.com>
+Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabjan Sukalia <fsukalia@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Helmut Eller <eller.helmut@gmail.com>
+Hugo Guiroux <hugo.guiroux@gmail.com>
+Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jan Ziak <0xe2.0x9a.0x9b@gmail.com>
+John Wiersba <jrw32982@yahoo.com>
+Jon Jensen <jon@endpoint.com>
+Kai NODA <nodakai@gmail.com>
+KASAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Kent Fredic <kentfredric@gmail.com>
+Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
+Maik Zumstrull <maik@zumstrull.net>
+Mat Martineau <mathew.j.martineau@linux.intel.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
+Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
+Reverend Homer <mk.43.ecko@gmail.com>
+Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
+Sergey Polovko <sergey@polovko.me>
+Steven Luo <steven@steven676.net>
+Tadeusz Struk <tadeusz.struk@intel.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Vivenzio Pagliari <vivenzio.pagliari@nokia.com>
+Wainer dos Santos Moschetta <wainersm@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+add_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Major improvements and additions
+ The page has doubled in length.
+
+ioctl_iflags.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing inode flags and ioctl() operations
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by splitting ioctl(2) operations out of namespaces(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells, Mat Martineau]
+ A vast number of additions and improvements
+ The page has gone from somewhat over 100 lines to well over
+ 1000 lines and now more or less documents the complete interface
+ provided by this system call.
+
+getentropy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting getentropy(3)
+ getentropy(3) is added to glibc in version 2.25.
+
+keyrings.7
+ David Howells
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Eugene Syromyatnikov, David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/keys
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/persistent_keyring_expiry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/key-users
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/keys/gc_delay
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc files that define key quotas
+
+persistent-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various clean-ups and additions
+
+process-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various additions and improvements
+
+request_key.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Eugene Syromyatnikov [David Howells]
+ Very many additions and improvements
+ The page is now three times its former length.
+
+session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and additions
+
+signal-safety.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page created by migrating the signal-safety discussion from
+ signal(7). Along the way some more details got added.
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note async-signal-safety problems caused by pthread_atfork()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+ Michael Kerrisk [KASAKI Motohiro]
+ Note glibc deviations from POSIX requirements
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=25292
+
+thread-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+user-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various reworking and improvements
+
+user-session-keyring.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page (written by David Howells) adopted from keyutils
+ Since this page documents kernel-user-space interfaces,
+ it makes sense to have it as part of man-pages, rather
+ than the keyutils package.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and additions
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document explicit_bzero() (new in glibc 2.25)
+ Also, reword the description of bzero somewhat.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/user_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/vm/admin_reserve_kbytes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/fs/mount-max
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+explicit_bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to bzero.3
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/append-only file
+
+chroot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note POSIX.1 requirements re relative time services and CLOCK_REALTIME
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clone() does not execute fork handlers
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework text describing when effective IDs aren't transformed by execve()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File capabilities can be ignored for the same reasons as set-UID/set-GID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'no_new_privs' bit inhibits transformations of the effective IDs
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error
+
+fsync.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add posix_fadvise(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove getentropy(3) details and defer to new getentropy(3) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.25, getrandom() is now declared in <sys/random.h>
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support was added in version 2.25
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document role of RLIMIT_NOFILE for FD passing over UNIX sockets
+
+getxattr.2
+listxattr.2
+ Andreas Gruenbacher
+ Document E2BIG errors
+
+inotify_add_watch.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note "inode" as a synonym for "filesystem object"
+ Consistent with clarifications just made in inotify(7).
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_ns(2), ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+ioctl_fat.2
+ Brian Masney
+ Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label
+
+kcmp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the clone(2) flags relating to various kcmp() 'type' values
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ KCMP_FILE: note reasons why FDs may refer to same open file description
+
+link.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When using linkat() AT_EMPTY_PATH, 'olddirfd' must not be a directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs
+
+listxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate extra E2BIG error text
+ Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
+ was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
+ the two texts.
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions
+ The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
+ for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
+ since the reader can then deduce how things work.
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that madvise() is generally about improving performance
+
+mbind.2
+ Krzysztof Kulakowski [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update MPOL_BIND description
+ The behavior of MPOL_BIND changed in Linux 2.6.26.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add madvise(2), posix_fadvise(2), posix_madvise(3)
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note pre-4.9 bug in RLIMIT_MEMLOCK accounting for overlapping locks
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mincore(2)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ mincore(2) can be used to discover which pages of a mapping are resident
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Refer to mount_namespaces(7) for details of default propagation type
+
+nanosleep.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe "creeping sleep" problem
+ nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
+ signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
+ Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
+ provides a solution.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify distinction between file creation flags and file status flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note ambiguity of ELOOP error when using O_NOFOLLOW
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure O_NOFOLLOW text for easier parsing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_NOFOLLOW is now in POSIX
+
+poll.2
+select.2
+ Nicolas Biscos
+ Add a reference to the sigset discussion in sigprocmask(2)
+ A little while back, I added a note to sigprocmask.2 that
+ discussed the difference between the libc's and the kernel's
+ sigset_t structures. I added that note, because I saw this being
+ done wrong in a tool tracing system calls (causing subtle bugs).
+ As it turns out, the same bugs existed for ppoll and pselect, for
+ the same reason. I'm hoping by adding the reference here, future
+ writers of similar tools will find that discussion and not make
+ the same mistake.
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+ It may be helpful for the reader of this page to know about
+ /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize some text
+ Details for various flags were hidden under NOTES.
+ Move them to DESCRIPTION, to make the details more
+ obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ One can use open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) as a 'fincore'
+ Note that open(2) + mmap(2) + mincore(2) can be used to get a view
+ of which pages of a file are currently cached.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Maik Zumstrull]
+ Note that POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED *may* try to write back dirty pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: mincore(2)
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that the ambient capability set is per-thread
+ Keno Fischer
+ Be more precise in what causes dumpable to reset
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The no_new_privs setting is per-thread (not per-process)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/PID/status 'NoNewPrivs' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to seccomp(2) in discussion of PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
+
+ptrace.2
+ Omar Sandoval
+ Clarify description of PTRACE_O_EXITKILL
+
+read.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Rework text in DESCRIPTION that talks about limits for 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+ Michael Kerrisk [Steven Luo]
+ Remove crufty text about EINTR and partial read
+ Remove bogus text saying that POSIX permits partial read
+ to return -1/EINTR on interrupt by a signal handler.
+ That statement already ceased to be true in SUSv1 (1995)!
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=193111
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file
+ There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.
+
+recv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vincent Bernat]
+ Remove duplicate paragraph
+ man-pages-1.34 included changes that duplicated an existing
+ paragraph. Remove that duplicate.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(7), ipv6(7), tcp(7), udp(7), unix(7)
+
+remap_file_pages.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ remap_file_pages() has been replaced by a slower in-kernel emulation
+
+send.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ipv6(7), socket(7), unix(7)
+
+setxattr.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM for immutable/append-only files
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd() doesn't play well with helper programs spawned by libraries
+ See https://lwn.net/Articles/415684/.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ signalfd can't be used to receive synchronously generated signals
+ Signals such as the SIGSEGV that results from an invalid
+ memory access can be caught only with a handler.
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: extend program to also show ID of the containing device
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NOTES: mention fstatat() AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT in discussion of automounting
+
+statfs.2
+ Namhyung Kim
+ Add more filesystem types
+ Add missing magic numbers from /usr/include/linux/magic.h
+
+syscall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Add endian details with 64-bit splitting
+ Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
+ usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
+ means endianness). Add some notes to that effect, and change the
+ readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
+ way more common than big endian).
+
+ Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
+ to.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs
+ While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
+ they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
+ than expose the padding to userspace.
+
+tkill.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals
+
+truncate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of ftruncate() for POSIX shared memory objects
+
+unlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EPERM error for immutable/read-only files
+
+vfork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain why the child should not call exit(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Another reason to use vfork() is to avoid overcommitting memory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some caveats re the use of vfork()
+ Inspired by Rich Felker's post at http://ewontfix.com/7/.
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14749 and
+ See also https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14750.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)
+
+write.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kai NODA]
+ Alert the reader that there is a limit on 'count'
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=86061
+
+aio_suspend.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that the glibc implementation is not async-signal-safe
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=13172
+
+backtrace.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)
+
+bcmp.3
+bcopy.3
+bzero.3
+memccpy.3
+memchr.3
+memcmp.3
+memcpy.3
+memfrob.3
+memmem.3
+memmove.3
+memset.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add bstring(3)
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ execl() and execle() were not async-signal-safe before glibc 2.24
+
+fopen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Helmut Eller]
+ Describe freopen() behavior for NULL pathname argument
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191261
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the open(2) flags that correspond to the 'mode' argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change argument name: 'path' to 'pathname'
+ For consistency with open(2).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection headings for each function
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS
+
+getline.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: better error handling
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kent Fredic]
+ EXAMPLE: handle null bytes in input
+ Jann Horn
+ Document ENOMEM error case
+ see the error handling in libio/iogetdelim.c
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: specify file to be opened as command-line argument
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use better variable name in example program
+
+getmntent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Anders Thulin]
+ Prefer '\\' as the escape to get a backslash
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=191611
+
+getopt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reword discussion of error handling and reporting
+ The existing description was hard to understand. Break
+ it into a bullet list that separates out the details
+ in a manner that is easier to parse.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct details of use of <stdio.h> to get getopt() declaration
+ Michael Kerrisk [John Wiersba]
+ Remove some redundant text
+
+mq_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page
+ Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
+ having to refer to mq_getattr(3).
+
+mq_send.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adam Martindale]
+ Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority
+
+__ppc_set_ppr_med.3
+ Wainer dos Santos Moschetta
+ Note need for _ARCH_PWR8 macro
+ The _ARCH_PWR8 macro must be defined to get the
+ __ppc_set_ppr_very_low() and __ppc_set_ppr_med_high()
+ definitions.
+
+printf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document nonstandard 'Z' modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'q' length modifier
+ Michael Kerrisk [Erik Roland van der Meer]
+ Fix a small bug in example code
+ Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
+ precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
+ all cases.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El]
+ As a nonstandard extension, GNU treats 'll' and 'L' as synonyms
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190341.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add references to setlocale(3) in discussions of locales
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove bogus self reference (dprintf(3))
+
+random.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Relocate information of "optimal" value of initstate() 'n' argument
+ The information was a bit hidden in NOTES.
+
+random_r.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jan Ziak]
+ 'buf.state' must be initialized to NULL before calling initstate_r()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192801.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some usage notes for setstate_r()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that 'buf' records a pointer to 'statebuf'
+ See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3662.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add BUGS section pointing out the weirdness of the initstate_r() API
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_AAONLY, RES_PRIMARY, RES_NOCHECKNAME, RES_KEEPTSIG are deprecated
+ These options were never implemented; since glibc 2.25, they
+ are deprecated.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The RES_NOIP6DOTINT is removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_BLAST was unimplemented and is now deprecated
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USE_INET6 is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ RES_USEBSTRING was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+resolver.3
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RES_USEBSTRING defaults to off
+
+scandir.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Jackson]
+ Fix errors in example program
+ See http://bugs.debian.org/848231.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve logic of the example program
+
+scanf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the quote (') modifier for decimal conversions
+
+sem_post.3
+setjmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add signal-safety(7)
+
+sem_wait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabjan Sukalia]
+ Remove statement that SA_RESTART does not cause restarting
+ This has not been true since Linux 2.6.22. The description
+ of EINTR maintains a reference to signal(7), which explains
+ the historical details.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192071
+
+sleep.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysiner]
+ Note that sleep() is implemented via nanosleep(2)
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mike Frysinger]
+ Note that sleep() sleeps for a real-time number of seconds
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73371.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Convert BUGS text to "Portability notes" subsection
+ The existing text is not a bug, as such.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: minor reworking
+
+strerror.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()
+ Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
+ strerror_r() and strerror_l().
+
+strverscmp.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Vivenzio Pagliari]
+ Fix comparison error in example program
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In the glibc implementation, fork handlers are not executed by system()
+
+random.4
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jon Jensen]
+ Note that entropy_avail will be a number in the range 0..4096
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that dumping program's initial CWD is root directory
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The target of core dump piping can also be a script
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add btrfs(5), nfs(5), tmpfs(5)
+
+intro.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reality that by now Section 5 also covers filesystems
+ There are by now, from various filesystem projects, various
+ pages in Section 5 that document different filesystems.
+ Change intro(5) to reflect that.
+
+ Documented after following: http://bugs.debian.org/847998
+
+proc.5
+ Mike Frysinger [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior
+ /proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
+ *start* of program execution; it is set at time of execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to slabinfo(5) in discussion of /proc/meminfo 'Slab' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add entries for "keys" files that refer reader to keyrings(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors
+ Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
+ that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on overcommit_memory value 1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps
+
+resolv.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ip6-bytestring was removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The ipc-dotint and no-ip6-dotint options were removed in glibc 2.25
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The 'inet6' option is deprecated since glibc 2.25
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add slabtop(1)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Casey Schaufler]
+ Add subsection with notes to kernel developers
+ Provide some notes to kernel developers considering how to choose
+ which capability should govern a new kernel feature.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Further enhance the recommendation against new uses of CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly point from CAP_SYS_ADMIN to "Notes for kernel developers"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add another case for CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to execve(2) for the reasons that file capabilities may be ignored
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document a new use of CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some more operations governed by CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to chattr(1) to point to ioctl_iflags(2)
+
+environ.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Point out that inotify monitoring is inode based
+
+ip.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip(8)
+
+man.7
+uri.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs
+ Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rob Landley]
+ Rework the discussion of defaults for mount propagation types
+ Add rather more detail. In particular, note the cases where the
+ default propagation type is MS_PRIVATE vs MS_SHARED.
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: fix an error in shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: rename the example program
+ Use a more generic name, since this program may be expanded
+ in various ways in the future.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove content split out into ioctl_ns(2)
+
+netlink.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_IP6_FW went away in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_W1 went away in Linux 2.6.18
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_SCSITRANSPORT to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NETLINK_RDMA to list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_FIREWALL was removed in Linux 3.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ NETLINK_NFLOG was removed in Linux 3.17
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Update libnl homepage URL
+ The original URL is 404.
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Adjust references to namespaces(7) to ioctl_ns(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Keno Fischer
+ CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_VM|CLONE_NEWPID is no longer disallowed
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages
+ The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
+ is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
+ See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.
+
+random.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getentropy(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getauxval(3)
+ A small hint to the reader that some random bytes arrive
+ in the auxiliary vector.
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGSYS: add reference to seccomp(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change description of SIGSYS to "Bad system call"
+ This is the more typical definition.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGPIPE: add reference to pipe(7)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXFSZ: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a name for SIGEMT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGXCPU: add reference to setrlimit(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Migrated signal-safety discussion to new signal-safety(7) page
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Polovko]
+ Since Linux 3.4, UNIX domain sockets support MSG_TRUNC
+ This was correctly noted in recv(2), but the unix(7) page
+ was not correspondingly updated for the Linux 3.4 change.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Willy Tarreau]
+ Document ETOOMANYREFS for SCM_RIGHTS send exceeding RLIMIT_NOFILE limit
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross reference: keyctl(2) ==> keyrings(7)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_BIND_NOT has effect only for function symbols
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe use of LD_DEBUG with LD_BIND_NOT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In secure mode, LD_AUDIT restricts the libraries that it will load
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ LD_AUDIT understands $ORIGIN, $LIB, and $PLATFORM
+
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.11 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-05-03, Baden, Switzerland
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alexander Alemayhu <alexander@alemayhu.com>
+Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
+Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
+Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
+Ben Dog <wsy2220@gmail.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Chema Gonzalez <chema@google.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Cyril Hrubis <chrubis@suse.cz>
+David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
+Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Francois Saint-Jacques <fsaintjacques@gmail.com>
+Frank Theile
+Georg Sauthoff <mail@georg.so>
+Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Heberer <jangc@t-online.de>
+Marcin Ślusarz <marcin.slusarz@gmail.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Nicolas Biscos <nicolas.biscos+man7@gmail.com>
+Nicolas Iooss <Nicolas.Iooss@ssi.gouv.fr>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmav@redhat.com>
+Nominal Animal <question@nominal-animal.net>
+Silvan Jegen <s.jegen@gmail.com>
+Stephan Bergmann <sbergman@redhat.com>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+丁贵强<dingguiqiang@foxmail.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk, Mike Rapoport
+ New page describing ioctl(2) operations for userfaultfd
+
+statx.2
+ David Howells, Michael Kerrisk [Andreas Dilger]
+ New page describing statx(2) system call added in Linux 4.11
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport, Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Arcangeli]
+ New page describing userfaultfd(2) system call.
+
+pthread_atfork.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing pthread_atfork(3)
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite to try to bring the content close to current reality
+ There's still gaps to fill in, but the existing page
+ was in any case hugely out of date.
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page with information about inodes
+ David Howells provided a statx(2) page that duplicated much of
+ the information from stat(2). Avoid such duplication
+ by moving the common information in stat(2) and statx(2)
+ to a new page.
+
+
+Renamed pages
+--------------
+
+ioctl_console.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from console_ioctl.4
+ Most ioctl() man pages are in section 2, so move this one there
+ for consistency.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note type of 'argp' for a various operations
+ For some commands, there was no clear statement about the type
+ of the 'argp' argument.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Renamed from tty_ioctl(4)
+ All other ioctl(2) pages are in section 2. Make this
+ page consistent.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Packet mode state change events give POLLPRI events for poll(2)
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_NSTYPE operation added in Linux 4.11
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the NS_GET_OWNER_UID operation added in Linux 4.11
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the /proc/sys/user/* files added in Linux 4.9
+
+socket.7
+ Francois Saint-Jacques, Michael Kerrisk
+ Document SO_INCOMING_CPU
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+console_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_console(2) page
+
+tty_ioctl.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Link for old name of ioctl_tty(2) page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references from tty_ioctl(4) to ioctl_tty(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change page cross-references for console_ioctl(4) to ioctl_console(2)
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+alarm.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add timer_create(2) and timerfd_create(2)
+
+chmod.2
+fsync.2
+mkdir.2
+mknod.2
+open.2
+truncate.2
+umask.2
+utime.2
+utimensat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add/replace references to inode(7)
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWCGROUP by an unprivileged process also causes an EPERM error
+
+clone.2
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding one of the limits in /proc/sys/user/* can cause ENOSPC
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CLONE_NEWPID yields ENOSPC if nesting limit of PID namespaces is reached
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Exceeding the maximum nested user namespace limit now gives ENOSPC
+ Formerly, if the limit of 32 nested user namespaces was exceeded,
+ the error EUSERS resulted. Starting with Linux 4.9, the error
+ is ENOSPC.
+
+epoll_ctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to poll(2) for an explanation of EPOLLIN
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ EPOLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ Give the reader a clue that the 'events' field can be zero
+ 'events' specified as zero still allows EPOLLHUP and
+ EPOLLERR to be reported.
+
+_exit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ On exit, child processes may be inherited by a "subreaper"
+ It is no longer necessarily true that orphaned processes
+ are inherited by PID 1.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Only the least significant byte of exit status is passed to the parent
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention memfd_create() in the discussion of file seals
+ Give the reader a clue about what kinds of objects can
+ be employed with file seals.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ File seals are not generally applicable to tmpfs(5) files
+ As far as I can see, file seals can be applied only to
+ memfd_create(2) file descriptors. This was checked by experiment
+ and by reading mm/shmem.c::shmem_get_inode((), where one finds
+ the following line that applies to all new shmem files:
+
+ info->seals = F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+ Only in the code of the memfd_create() system call is this
+ setting reversed (in mm/shmem.c::memfd_create):
+
+ if (flags & MFD_ALLOW_SEALING)
+ info->seals &= ~F_SEAL_SEAL;
+
+fork.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_atfork(3)
+
+getdents.2
+open.2
+stat.2
+statx.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add inode(7)
+
+getdtablesize.2
+attr.5
+ Alexander Miller
+ Move .so directive to first line
+ Improves compatibility with the man and other dumb tools
+ that process man page files.
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention init(1) and "subreapers" in discussion of parent PID
+
+ioctl_list.2
+ Cyril Hrubis [Arnd Bergmann]
+ BLKRASET/BLKRAGET take unsigned long
+
+ioctl_ns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document ENOTTY
+
+kexec_load.2
+sched_setaffinity.2
+bootparam.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt is now in Documentation/admin-guide/
+
+lseek.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fallocate(2)
+ Both of these pages discuss file holes.
+
+mincore.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove ancient reference to flags that appear on some other systems
+ MAP_AUTOGROW, MAP_AUTORESRV, MAP_COPY, and MAP_LOCAL may have
+ appeared on some systems many years ago, but the discussion here
+ mentions no details and the systems and flags probably ceased to
+ be relevant long ago. So, remove this text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add userfaultfd(2)
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add statx() to list of "at" calls in rationale discussion
+
+poll.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand discussion of POLLPRI
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Biscos]
+ POLLERR is also set on write end of a pipe when the read end is closed
+
+posix_fadvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add fincore(1)
+
+prctl.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Refine CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE requirement
+ The Linux 3.10 release dropped the c/r requirement and opened it
+ up to all users.
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document new PR_SET_MM_MAP{,_SIZE} helpers
+ Mike Frysinger
+ PR_SET_MM: Document arg4/arg5 zero behavior
+ The kernel will immediately reject calls where arg4/arg5 are not
+ zero. See kernel/sys.c:prctl_set_mm().
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explain rationale for use of subreaper processes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics of child_subreaper setting on fork() and exec()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve description of PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
+
+rename.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Georg Sauthoff]
+ Note that there is no glibc wrapper for renameat2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_nprocs(3)
+
+select.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Matthew Wilcox, Carlos O'Donell]
+ Linux select() is buggy wrt POSIX in its check for EBADF errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show correspondence between select() and poll() readiness notifications
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give a hint that sets must be reinitialized if using select() in a loop
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to POLLPRI in poll(2) for info on exceptional conditions
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move mislocated text describing the self-pipe text from BUGS to NOTES
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show the prototype of an SA_SIGINFO signal handler
+
+signalfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SIGKILL and SIGSTOP are silently ignored in 'mask'
+
+sigprocmask.2
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Do not specify an exact value of rt_sigprocmask's 4th argument
+ As sizeof(kernel_sigset_t) is not the same for all architectures,
+ it would be better not to mention any numbers as its value.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'set' and 'oldset' can both be NULL
+
+sigwaitinfo.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ sigwaitinfo() can't be used to accept synchronous signals
+
+socketcall.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document call argument
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove information migrated to inode(7) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Restructure field descriptions as a hanging list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove "Other systems" subsection
+ These details about other systems were added in 1999,
+ and were probably of limited use then, and even less today.
+ However, they do clutter the page, so remove them.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add list entries for 'st_uid' and 'st_gid'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some subsection headings to ease readability
+ David Howells
+ ERRORS: correct description of ENOENT
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'struct stat' argument a more meaningful name ('statbuf')
+ Marcin Ślusarz
+ Tweak description of AT_EMPTY_PATH
+ Currently it says when dirfd is AT_FDCWD it can be something
+ other than directory, which doesn't make much sense. Just swap
+ the order of sentences.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add slightly expanded description of 'st_ino' field
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_ino'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ DESCRIPTION: add a list entry for 'st_nlinks' field
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add membarrier(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix kernel version for userfaultfd(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Linux 4.11 added statx()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Include deprecated getunwind(2) in list
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Orphaned children may be adopted by a "subreaper", rather by than PD 1
+
+bzero.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Zack Weinberg]
+ Add correct header file for explicit_bzero()
+
+cfree.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cfree() is removed from glibc in version 2.26
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve discussion of zombie processes
+
+getentropy.3
+ Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos [Michael Kerrisk, Florian Weimer]
+ Correct header file
+ Michael Kerrisk [Frank Theile]
+ SYNOPSIS: add missing return type for getentropy() declaration
+
+grantpt.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Tell a more nuanced story about what grantpt() does or does not do
+
+insque.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add queue(3)
+
+queue.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add insque(3)
+
+shm_open.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that POSIX shared memory uses tmpfs(5)
+
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ian Abbott, Walter Harms]
+ Reorganize page text for easier parsing and better readability
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Various rewordings and improvements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note default value for 'facility' when calling openlog()
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add journalctl(1)
+
+ttyname.3
+ Dmitry V. Levin
+ Document ENODEV error code
+ Christian Brauner
+ NOTES: warn about a confusing case that may occur with mount namespaces
+
+wcsdup.3
+ Jan Heberer
+ RETURN VALUE: fix error in return value description
+ Return value for failure was accidentally changed from NULL to
+ -1 in man-pages commit 572acb41c48b6b8e690d50edff367d8b8b01702a.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elfedit(1), nm(1), size(1), strings(1), and strip(1)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ Florian Weimer
+ Mention sudoers
+ It turns out that sudo drops things into nsswitch.conf, too.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to namespaces(7) for discussion of /proc/sys/user/* files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Simplify /proc/slabinfo entry
+ Don't repeat (out-of-date) info from slabinfo(5); just defer to
+ that page.
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ tmpfs supports extended attributes, but not 'user' extended attributes
+
+environ.7
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix name of function that honors TMPDIR
+ tempnam() takes the TMPDIR environment variable into account, unlike
+ tmpnam(), which always creates pathnames within /tmp.
+
+hostname.7
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use lower case for hostname example
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Use generic names in examples
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Describe accepted characters for hostname
+
+inotify.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nicolas Iooss]
+ Mounting a filesystem on top of a monitored directory causes no event
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note preferred approach for 'duplicate' errors
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The maximum nesting depth for PID namespaces is 32
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Stephan Bergmann
+ Fixes to example
+ While toying around with the userns_child_exec example program on the
+ user_namespaces(7) man page, I noticed two things:
+
+ * In the EXAMPLE section, we need to mount the new /proc before
+ looking at /proc/$$/status, otherwise the latter will print
+ information about the outer namespace's PID 1 (i.e., the real
+ init). So the two paragraphs need to be swapped.
+
+ * In the program source, make sure to close pipe_fd[0] in the
+ child before exec'ing.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np(3)
+
+pty.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention a couple of other applications of pseudoterminals
+
+sem_overview.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add shm_overview(7)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sigreturn(2)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note indications for OOB data given by select(2) and poll(2)
+ Chema Gonzalez
+ tcp_abc was removed in 3.9
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_iflags(2)
+ People sometimes confuse xattrs and inode flags. Provide a link
+ to the page that describes inode flags to give them a tip.
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention quoting when using "Rpath tokens" in LD_AUDIT and LD_PRELOAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand description of /etc/ld.so.preload
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ldconfig(8) in discussion of /etc/ld.so.cache
+
+zdump.8
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add OPTIONS section heading
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.12 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-07-13, London
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Andi Kleen <andi-bz@firstfloor.org>
+Arjun Shankar <arjun.is@lostca.se>
+Brad Bendily <bendily@gmail.com>
+Cameron Wright <wright18@uw.edu>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Lewis <davlewi3@cisco.com>
+DJ Delorie <dj@delorie.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Dr. Tobias Quathamer <toddy@debian.org>
+Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
+Ferdinand Thiessen <f.thiessen@gmx.de>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Henry Bent <henry.r.bent@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Janne Snabb <snabb@epipe.com>
+Joe Brown <joe.brown.89@outlook.com>
+Jorge Nerin <jnerin@gmail.com>
+Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>
+lilydjwg <lilydjwg@gmail.com>
+Long Wang <w@laoqinren.net>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Nadav Har'El <nyh@math.technion.ac.il>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov@virtuozzo.com>
+Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
+Ruben Kerkhof <ruben@rubenkerkhof.com>
+sulit <sulitsrc@foxmail.com>
+石井大貴 <hiroki.ishii@miraclelinux.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Document the GETFSMAP ioctl
+ Document the new GETFSMAP ioctl that returns the physical layout of a
+ (disk-based) filesystem.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+namespaces.7
+ Kirill Tkhai [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children file
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'objdump -p prog | grep NEEDED' doesn't give quite same info as 'ldd'
+
+chmod.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Put fchmod() feature test macro requirements in a more readable format
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirements changes for fchmod()
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ When file owner or group is changed, file capabilities are cleared
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Changes to file owner by root also clear set-UID and set-GID bits
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update BUGS to reflect fact that PID caching was removed in glibc 2.25
+
+epoll_wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify semantics of returned 'data' field
+ The returned 'data' is the 'data' most recently set via
+ epoll_ctl().
+
+get_mempolicy.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Nadav Har'El, Andi Kleen]
+ SYNOPSIS: fix return type of get_mempolicy()
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=97051
+
+getpid.2
+ Carlos O'Donell, Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that PID caching is removed as of glibc 2.25
+ Since glibc 2.25 the PID cache is removed.
+
+ Rationale given in the release notes:
+ https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
+
+ioctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ioctl_getfsmap(2)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix ordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add VERSIONS section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: order alphabetically
+
+madvise.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove bogus text re POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE
+ There is a POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE for posix_fadvise(),
+ but no POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE for any API in POSIX.
+
+membarrier.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ENOSYS error for 'nohz_full' CPU setting
+
+mount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise description of MS_REMOUNT | MS_BIND
+ MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND affects all per-mount-point
+ flag. MS_RDONLY is only special because it,
+ uniquely, is both a per-mount-point flag *and* a
+ per-filesystem flag.
+
+ So the sections of per-mount-point flags and
+ MS_REMOUNT can usefully be clarified.
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note some further advantages of the *at() APIs
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.26 adds library support for preadv2() and pwritev2()
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention cpuset cgroups as a cause of EINVAL error
+
+seccomp.2
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Expand SECCOMP_RET_KILL documentation
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for 'si_code' constants
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a subheading for the description of 'si_code'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ TRAP_BRANCH and TRAP_HWBKPT are present only on IA64
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that specifying SS_ONSTACK in ss.ss_flags decreases portability
+ In the Illumos source (which presumably mirrors its Solaris
+ ancestry), there is this check in the sigaltstack()
+ implementation:
+
+ if (ss.ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE)
+ return (set_errno(EINVAL));
+
+ And in the FreeBSD source we find similar:
+
+ if ((ss->ss_flags & ~SS_DISABLE) != 0)
+ return (EINVAL);
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK
+ Note buggy addition of ss.ss_flags==SS_ONSTACK as a synonym
+ for ss_flags==0. No other implementation does this, AFAIK.
+ And it was not needed :-(.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Specifying 'ss' returns the current settings without changing them
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Give 'oss' argument a more meaningful name: 'old_ss'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Some minor reworking of the text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: update description of EINVAL error
+
+splice.2
+tee.2
+vmsplice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pipe(7)
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: split EINVAL error cases
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EINVAL for case where both descriptors refer to same pipe
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the CONFIG_POSIX_TIMERS option added in Linux 4.10
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements for waitid()
+
+acosh.3
+asinh.3
+atanh.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation.
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196319
+
+bsd_signal.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes for glibc 2.26
+
+dl_iterate_phdr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ dl_iterate_phdr() shows the order in which objects were loaded
+ dl_iterate_phdr() tells us not just which objects are
+ loaded, but also the order in which they are loaded
+ (the "link-map order"). Since the order is relevant for
+ understanding symbol resolution, give the reader this clue.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the code example, and show sample output
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ List values for the 'p_type' field
+
+dlsym.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ _GNU_SOURCE is needed to get RTLD_DEFAULT and RTLD_NEXT definitions
+
+flockfile.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+fpathconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an errors section
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Largely rewrite the description of _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite description of _PC_PIPE_BUF
+ The existing description was not accurate, and lacked details.
+
+ftw.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ BUGS: document a probable glibc regression in FTW_SLN case
+ See https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1422736
+ and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1121.
+
+getaddrinfo.3
+ Quentin Rameau
+ Fix _POSIX_C_SOURCE value for getaddrinfo()
+ The correct _POSIX_C_SOURCE value is 200112L, not 201112L in features.h.
+
+getcontext.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Exemplar structure should use 'ucontext_t'.
+
+getgrent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.22 changes for feature test macro requirements
+
+grantpt.3
+ptsname.3
+unlockpt.3
+ Ferdinand Thiessen [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Update feature test macro-requirements for glibc 2.24
+
+if_nametoindex.3
+ Douglas Caetano dos Santos
+ Add ENODEV error for if_nametoindex()
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the reallocarray() added in glibc 2.26
+
+nl_langinfo.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements for nl_langinfo_l()
+
+posix_madvise.3
+ Dr. Tobias Quathamer
+ Remove paragraph about POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE
+ POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE is documented for posix_fadvise, and a
+ corresponding POSIX_MADV_NOREUSE flag is not specified by POSIX.
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/865699
+
+ptsname.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Arjun Shankar]
+ Since glibc 2.26, ptsname_r() no longer gives EINVAL for buf==NULL
+
+rand.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes for rand_r()
+
+resolver.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add basic notes on 'op' argument of res_nmkquery() and res_mkquery()
+
+sigpause.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 changes to feature test macro requirements
+
+sigwait.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.26 feature test macro changes
+
+strtol.3
+ Heinrich Schuchardt
+ Mention 0X prefix
+ The prefix 0x may be capitalized as 0X.
+
+ See ISO/IEC 9899:1999.
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pavel Tikhomirov]
+ Rework RETURN VALUE description to add more detail
+ Make the discussion clearer, and add a few details.
+ Also, fix the problem report from Pavel Tikhomirov
+ who noted that the man page falsely said that errno
+ is not changed on a successful return.
+
+ Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195955
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add ERRORS section
+
+ttyslot.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix error in feature test macro requirements
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note feature test macro requirements changes in glibc 2.24
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify details of use of <stdlib.h> file
+
+unlocked_stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro requirement changes
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add dl_iterate_phdr(3)
+
+nsswitch.conf.5
+ DJ Delorie
+ Clarify group merge rules
+ This minor patch clarifies when merging is not done,
+ and how duplicate entries are merged.
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document that 'iowait' field of /proc/stat is unreliable
+ Text taken from Chao Fan's kernel commit 9c240d757658a3ae996.
+
+slabinfo.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jorge Nerin]
+ SEE ALSO: add some references to relevant kernel source files
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add memfd_create(2), mmap(2), shm_open(3)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify the effect on process capabilities when UID 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note effect on capabilities when a process with UID != 0 does execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Lewis]
+ Fix reversed descriptions of CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE and CAP_MAC_ADMIN
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add filecap(8), netcap(8), pscap(8)
+
+cgroup_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some further explanation of the example shell session
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix a bug in shell session example
+
+inode.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note glibc 2.24 feature test macro changes for S_IFSOCK and S_ISSOCK()
+
+man.7
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Undocument "URL" macro in man(7) in favor .UR+.UE
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+
+pipe.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add tee(2) and vmsplice(2)
+
+sigevent.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention signal.h header file
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [lilydjwg]
+ Since Linux 3.8, read(2) on an inotify FD is restartable with SA_RESTART
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195711
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ read() from an inotify FD is no longer interrupted by a stop signal
+ (Change was in Linux 3.8.)
+
+tcp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document value '2' for tcp_timestamps
+ Since Linux 4.10, the value '2' is meaningful for tcp_timestamps
+ Ruben Kerkhof
+ Change default value of tcp_frto
+ The default changed in c96fd3d461fa495400df24be3b3b66f0e0b152f9
+ (Linux 2.6.24).
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Greatly expand the explanation of LD_DYNAMIC_WEAK
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+ ld.so.8: Expand DT_RUNPATH details.
+
+ Every 3 years we get asked why DT_RUNPATH doesn't work like DT_RPATH.
+ The most recent question was here:
+ https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-help/2017-06/msg00013.html
+
+ We need to expand the description of DT_RUNPATH to cover this
+ situation and explain that the DT_RUNPATH entries apply only to the
+ immediate DT_NEEDED, not that of another, say dlopen'd child object.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.2.5, LD_PROFILE is ignored in secure-execution mode
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make notes on secure-execute mode more prominent
+ Place each note on secure-execution mode in a separate
+ paragraph, to make it more obvious.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that libraries in standard directories are not normally set-UID
+ In secure mode, LD_PRELOAD loads only libraries from standard
+ directories that are marked set-UID. Note that it is unusual for
+ a library to be marked in this way.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add elf(5)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note version where secure-execution started ignoring LD_USE_LOAD_BIAS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correct glibc version that ignores LD_SHOW_AUXV in secure-execution mode
+ Ignored since 2.3.4 (not 2.3.5).
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite LD_DEBUG_OUTPUT description and note that .PID is appended
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.13 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-09-15, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
+Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+Benjamin Peterson <bp@benjamin.pe>
+Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
+Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
+Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
+David Wilder <dwilder@us.ibm.com>
+Dennis Knorr <dennis.knorr@muenchen.de>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Douglas Caetano dos Santos <douglascs@taghos.com.br>
+Elliott Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jason Noakes <jjnoakes@gmail.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonas Grabber <jobegrabber@gmail.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Konstantin Shemyak <konstantin@shemyak.com>
+Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
+Marko Myllynen <myllynen@redhat.com>
+Mark Wielaard <mark@klomp.org>
+Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Otto Ebeling <oebeling@github.mail.kapsi.fi>
+Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
+Rick Jones <rick.jones2@hpe.com>
+Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
+Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
+Sergey Z. <zhurxx@gmail.com>
+Shrikant Giridhar <shrikantgiridhar@gmail.com>
+Stephan Müller <smueller@chronox.de>
+Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tej Chajed <tchajed@mit.edu>
+Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Vincent Bernat <vincent@bernat.im>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Ильдар Низамов <niya3@mail.ru>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_mutex_consistent.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting pthread_mutex_consistent(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(3) and pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_init(3) and pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3
+ Yubin Ruan, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page for pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3) and pthread_mutexattr_getrobust(3)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Mark Wielaard]
+ New page documenting the sysfs filesystem
+ Just a skeleton page so far, but perhaps it will be filled out
+ over time.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+fcntl.2
+ Jens Axboe, Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe the set/get write hints commands that are added in Linux 4.13
+ Document F_GET_RW_HINT, F_SET_RW_HINT, F_GET_FILE_RW_HINT, and
+ F_SET_FILE_RW_HINT.
+
+ioctl_tty.2
+ Aleksa Sarai, Michael Kerrisk
+ Add TIOCGPTPEER documentation
+
+kcmp.2
+ Cyrill Gorcunov
+ Add KCMP_EPOLL_TFD description
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document the KEYCTL_RESTRICT_KEYRING operation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Stephan Müller]
+ Document the ability to provide KDF parameters in KEYCTL_DH_COMPUTE
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_mutexattr_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_init.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust.3
+pthread_mutexattr_getrobust_np.3
+pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3 page
+
+pthread_mutexattr_setpshared.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use .EX/.EE for EXAMPLE programs
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ Change .nf/.fi to .EX/.EE
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use consistent markup for code snippets
+ The preferred form is
+
+ .PP/.IP
+ .in +4n
+ .EX
+ <code>
+ .EE
+ .in
+ .PP/.IP
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Formatting fix: replace blank lines with .PP/.IP
+ Blank lines shouldn't generally appear in *roff source (other
+ than in code examples), since they create large vertical
+ spaces between text blocks.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Add a non-breaking space between a number and a unit (prefix)
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bjarni Ingi Gislason]
+ Use en-dash for ranges
+ Based on a patch by Bjarni Ingi Gislason.
+
+A few pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordering of sections
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix order of SEE ALSO entries
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+ldd.1
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add more detail on ldd security implications, noting glibc 2.27 changes
+
+add_key.2
+backtrace.3
+syslog.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Fix misordered SEE ALSO entries
+
+add_key.2
+request_key.2
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update Linux documentation pointers
+
+chown.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update kernel version in note on support for grpid/nogrpid mount options
+ There has been no change since Linux 2.6.25, so update the
+ kernel version to 4.12.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ SYNOPSIS: make return type of getrandom() 'ssize_t'
+ This accords with glibc headers and the Linux kernel source.
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Thiago Jung Bauermann
+ Mention unit used by RLIMIT_CORE and RLIMIT_FSIZE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that RLIMIT_AS and RLIMIT_DATA are rounded down to system page size
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention unit for RLIMIT_DATA
+
+getrlimit.2
+mmap.2
+malloc.3
+ Jonas Grabber
+ RLIMIT_DATA affects mmap(2) since Linux 4.7
+
+get_robust_list.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Detail the operation of robust futex lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.28, robust futex lists also have an effect for execve(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that "thread ID" means "kernel thread ID"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(3)
+
+ioctl_getfsmap.2
+ Darrick J. Wong
+ Correct semantics of FMR_OF_LAST flag
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Document replacement of ENOSPC with ESRCH
+ Mike Rapoport
+ Update uffdio_api.features description
+ There is no requirement that uffdio_api.features must be zero
+ for newer kernels. This field actually defines what features
+ space would like to enable.
+
+io_submit.2
+ Sage Weil
+ Acknowledge possibility of short return
+ Note that the return value may be a value less than 'nr'
+ if not all iocbs were queued at once.
+
+ipc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add svipc(7)
+
+keyctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ mention keyctl_dh_compute(3) and keyctl_dh_compute_alloc (3)
+ These functions have been added in keyutils 1.5.10
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Mention ENOMEM in ERRORS
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update kernel documentation path reference
+
+move_pages.2
+ Otto Ebeling [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Note permission changes that occurred in Linux 4.13
+
+mprotect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Shrikant Giridhar]
+ Add warning about the use of printf() in the example code
+
+open.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Improve O_PATH documentation
+ - fstatfs is now permitted.
+ - ioctl isn't, and is worth listing explicitly
+ - O_PATH allows an automount point to be opened with
+ triggering the mount.
+
+prctl.2
+seccomp.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel seccomp documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ptrace.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Yama documentation
+
+prctl.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel no_new_privs flag documentation
+
+readlink.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jason Noakes]
+ Fix an off-by-one error in example code
+
+seccomp.2
+ Kees Cook
+ Clarify SECCOMP_RET_KILL kills tasks not processes
+
+select_tut.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Sergey Z.]
+ Clarify an ambiguity with respect to select() and EAGAIN
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196345
+
+set_tid_address.2
+ Elliott Hughes
+ Note that there's no glibc wrapper for set_tid_address()
+
+socket.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ socket() uses the lowest available file descriptor
+
+_syscall.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant comment from EXAMPLE
+ A discussion of the nroff source of the manual
+ page isn't very useful...
+
+sysfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a pointer to sysfs(5) to help possibly confused readers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it clearer near the start of the page that sysfs(2) is obsolete
+
+timer_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Strengthen the warning about use of printf() in the example program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update cross reference: signal(7) should be signal-safety(7)
+
+umount.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Revise MNT_FORCE description
+ MNT_FORCE does not allow a busy filesystem to be unmounted. Only
+ MNT_DETACH allows that. MNT_FORCE only tries to abort pending
+ transactions, in the hope that might help umount not to block,
+
+ Also, other filesystems than NFS support MNT_FORCE.
+
+unshare.2
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel unshare documentation
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Ильдар Низамов]
+ POSIX.1-2008 TC1 clarifies treatment of 'si_pid' for waitid() WNOHANG
+
+cmsg.3
+ Sukadev Bhattiprolu
+ Add a scatter/gather buffer to sample code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text somewhat (no content changes)
+
+crypt.3
+ Konstantin Shemyak [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of previously undocumented 'rounds' parameter
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Encryption isn't done with SHA-xxx, but with a function based on SHA-xxx
+ Konstantin Shemyak
+ Clarify that ending of the salt string with '$' is optional
+
+exit.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention the prctl(2) PR_SET_PDEATHSIG operation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add get_robust_list(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a heading to delimit discussion of signals sent to other processes
+
+exp2.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Remove C89 designation
+
+log1p.3
+ Alex Henrie
+ Document fixes to give EDOM or ERANGE on error
+
+matherr.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that glibc 2.27 removes the 'matherr' mechanism
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty feature test macro requirements
+
+pow10.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that pow10() is now obsolete in favor of exp10()
+ Also, the pow10() functions are no longer supported by glibc,
+ starting with version 2.27.
+
+sincos.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that sincos() is intended to be more efficient than sin() + cos()
+
+cciss.4
+hpsa.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov [Don Brace, Meelis Roos]
+ Mention cciss removal in Linux 4.14
+ During the Linux 4.13 development cycle, the cciss driver has been
+ removed in favor of the hpsa driver, which has been amended with
+ some legacy board support.
+
+initrd.4
+proc.5
+bootparam.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel initrd documentation
+
+initrd.4
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel root over NFS documentation
+
+intro.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mknod(1) and mknod(2)
+
+host.conf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to hosts(5)
+
+locale.5
+ Marko Myllynen
+ Refer to existing locales for encoding details
+ Since I don't think it would make sense to try to have different
+ explanation for each glibc version on the locale(5) man page, I'm
+ proposing that we apply the below patch so that we refer to
+ existing locale definition files in general and not spell out the
+ exact format or any certain locale as a definitive guideline.
+
+nologin.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a sentence explaining why nologin is useful
+
+proc.5
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of htab-reclaim sysctl file
+ This PPC-specific sysctl option has been removed in Linux 2.4.9.2,
+ according to historic Linux repository commit log.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for cpuN lines in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add description for softirq line in /proc/stat
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document removal of timer_stats file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note Linux 4.9 changes to privileges for /proc/[pid]/timerslack_ns
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Show command used to mount /proc
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note in intro that some /proc files are writable
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel SysRq documentation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add sysfs(5)
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel security keys documentation
+ Benjamin Peterson
+ Fix path to binfmt_misc docs
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel MTRR documentation
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update reference to kernel's crypto API documentation
+
+tzfile.5
+ Paul Eggert
+ Sync from tzdb upstream
+ This makes tzfile.5 a copy of the tzdb version, except that the
+ tzdb version's first line is replaced by man-pages boilerplate.
+ The new version documents version 3 format, among other things.
+ Also, it removes the "Summary of the timezone information file
+ format" section, which should no longer be needed due to
+ improvements in the part of the man page.
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note semantics for a program that is set-UID-root and has capabilities
+ Note semantics for a program that is both set-user-ID-root and has
+ file capabilities.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Dennis Knorr]
+ Note that a set-UID-root program may have an empty file capability set
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: systemd-cgls(1)
+
+cpuset.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel cpusets documentation
+
+keyrings.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Document description restriction for logon keys
+ "logon" type has additional check that enforces colon-separated
+ prefix in key descriptions.
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Add pointers to kernel's documentation
+ Mostly because of asymmetric-keys.txt, which is outside
+ security/keys for some reason.
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Expand the guidance on formatting code snippets
+
+netlink.7
+ David Wilder
+ Change buffer size in example code about reading netlink message
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rick Jones]
+ Add a comment on 8192 buffer size in example code
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_mutexattr_destroy(3) and pthread_mutexattr_init(3)
+
+signal.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, SIGUNUSED is no longer defined
+
+tcp.7
+ Vincent Bernat
+ tcp_tw_recycle is removed from Linux 4.12
+ And it is completely broken.
+
+unicode.7
+ Eugene Syromyatnikov
+ Update pointer to in-kernel Unicode terminal support documentation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.14 ====================
+
+Released: 2017-11-27, Paris
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
+Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
+Ahmad Fatoum <ahmad@a3f.at>
+Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
+Bastien Roucaries <roucaries.bastien@gmail.com>
+Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
+Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
+Colm MacCárthaigh <colm@allcosts.net>
+Craig Ringer <craig.ringer@2ndquadrant.com>
+Cristian Rodríguez <crrodriguez@opensuse.org>
+David Eckardt <david.eckardt@sociomantic.com>
+Don Brace <don.brace@microsemi.com>
+Elliot Hughes <enh@google.com>
+Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+Fabio Scotoni <fabio@esse.ch>
+Fangrui Song <i@maskray.me>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
+Grégory Vander Schueren <gregory.vanderschueren@tessares.net>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
+Jonny Grant <jg@jguk.org>
+Julien Gomes <julien@arista.com>
+Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
+Křištof Želechovski <giecrilj@stegny.2a.pl>
+Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>
+Lucas Werkmeister <mail@lucaswerkmeister.de>
+Marcus Folkesson <marcus.folkesson@gmail.com>
+Marin H. <mar-tSIEzQ@neutronstar.noip.me>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+Michał Zegan <webczat_200@poczta.onet.pl>
+Mihir Mehta <mihir@cs.utexas.edu>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@chromium.org>
+Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
+Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Oliver Ebert <oe@outputenable.net>
+Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
+Per Böhlin <Per.Bohlin@zenterio.com>
+Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
+Petr Malat <oss@malat.biz>
+Petr Uzel <petr.uzel@suse.cz>
+Prakash Sangappa <prakash.sangappa@oracle.com>
+Raghavendra D Prabhu <me@rdprabhu.com>
+Rahul Bedarkar <rpal143@gmail.com>
+Ram Pai <linuxram@us.ibm.com>
+Richard Knutsson <richard.knutsson@abelko.se>
+Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
+Scott Vokes <vokes.s@gmail.com>
+Seonghun Lim <wariua@gmail.com>
+Stas Sergeev <stsp@list.ru>
+Stefan Puiu <stefan.puiu@gmail.com>
+Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
+Tobias Klausmann <klausman@schwarzvogel.de>
+Tomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
+Tyler Hicks <tyhicks@canonical.com>
+Victor Porton <porton@narod.ru>
+Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
+Wesley Aptekar-Cassels <w.aptekar@gmail.com>
+Yubin Ruan <ablacktshirt@gmail.com>
+Zack Weinberg <zackw@panix.com>
+Дилян Палаузов <dilyan.palauzov@aegee.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+pthread_spin_init.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra, Thomas Gleixner, Zack Weinberg,
+ Florian Weimer]
+ New page describing pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_destroy(3)
+
+pthread_spin_lock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Carlos O'Donell]
+ New page describing functions that lock and unlock spin locks
+ Add a page describing pthread_spin_lock(3), pthread_spin_unlock(3),
+ and pthread_spin_trylock(3).
+
+smartpqi.4
+ Don Brace [Michael Kerrisk, G. Branden Robinson]
+ Document the smartpqi SCSI driver
+
+veth.4
+ Tomáš Pospíšek, Eric Biederman, Michael Kerrisk
+ New page documenting veth virtual ethernet devices
+ Based on a page from Tomáš Pospíšek, with some clean-ups by mtk.
+
+
+Removed pages
+-------------
+
+infnan.3:
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ This function was in libc4 and libc5, but never part
+ of glibc. It ceased to be relevant nearly 20 years
+ ago. Time to remove the man page.
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+userfaultfd.2
+ Prakash Sangappa [Andrea Arcangeli, Mike Rapoport]
+ Add description for UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
+
+madvise.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document MADV_WIPEONFORK and MADV_KEEPONFORK
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note fork() and execve() semantics for wipe-on-fork setting
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update membarrier manpage for 4.14
+ Add documentation for these new membarrier() commands:
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Mike Kravetz
+ Add description of MFD_HUGETLB (hugetlbfs) support
+ hugetlbfs support for memfd_create() was recently merged by Linus
+ and should be in the Linux 4.14 release. To request hugetlbfs
+ support a new memfd_create() flag (MFD_HUGETLB) was added.
+
+readv.2
+ Christoph Hellwig
+ Document RWF_NOWAIT added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_GET_ACTION_AVAIL operation added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_LOG flag added in Linux 4.14
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the SECCOMP_RET_LOG action added In Linux 4.14
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Add description of SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD description and rework SECCOMP_RET_KILL text
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the seccomp audit logging feature added in Linux 4.14
+
+seccomp.2
+proc.5
+ Tyler Hicks
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces added in Linux 4.14
+ Document the seccomp /proc interfaces in Linux 4.14:
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_avail and
+ /proc/sys/kernel/seccomp/actions_logged.
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Stas Sergeev]
+ Document the SS_AUTODISARM flag added in Linux 4.7
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/locks
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Document /proc/kpagecgroup
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add KPF_BALLOON, KPF_ZERO_PAGE, and KPF_IDLE for /proc/kpageflags
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+
+New and changed links
+---------------------
+
+pthread_spin_destroy.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New link to new pthread_spin_init.3 page
+
+pthread_spin_trylock.3
+pthread_spin_unlock.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New links to new pthread_spin_lock.3 page
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Consistently use "x86-64", not "x86_64"
+ When referring to the architecture, consistently use "x86-64",
+ not "x86_64". Hitherto, there was a mixture of usages, with
+ "x86-64" predominant.
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Replace incorrect uses of Latin abbreviation "cf.".
+ People seem to be using "cf." ("conferre"), which means "compare",
+ to mean "see" instead, for which the Latin abbreviation would be
+ "q.v." ("quod vide" -> "which see").
+
+ In some cases "cf." might actually be the correct term but it's
+ still not clear what specific aspects of a function/system call
+ one is supposed to be comparing.
+
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+capget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify discussion of kernels that have no VFS capability support
+
+clock_getres.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ clock_gettime() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+clone.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Warn that the clone() wrapper modifies child_stack in the parent
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework the discussion of the historical CLONE_PID for clarity
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add NOTES heading
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Eliminate some redundant phrasing in discussion of "fn()"
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Combine redundant paragraphs describing child_stack==NULL
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that child_stack can be NULL when using the raw system call
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a redundant paragraph
+
+connect.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that ECONNREFUSED is for stream sockets
+
+fcntl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jens Axboe]
+ Inode read-write hints persist only until the filesystem is unmounted
+
+flock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move NFS details to a headed subsection
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Uzel]
+ Placing an exclusive lock over NFS requires the file is open for writing
+
+fork.2
+ Rik van Riel [Colm MacCárthaigh, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document effect of MADV_WIPEONFORK
+
+fork.2
+getsid.2
+setpgid.2
+setsid.2
+ Ahmad Fatoum
+ Include <sys/types.h> in SYNOPSIS to obtain declaration of pid_t
+
+fsync.2
+ Craig Ringer
+ ERRORS: add ENOSPC
+
+getcpu.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ getcpu() may have an implementation in the vDSO
+
+getpid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that PID == TGID, and note contrast with TID
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add gettid(2)
+
+getrandom.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Fabio Scotoni]
+ ERRORS: add ENOSYS
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Scott Vokes]
+ Make it clear RLIMIT_NPROC is a limit on current number of processes
+ https://twitter.com/silentbicycle/status/893849097903505409
+
+gettid.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getpid(2)
+
+gettimeofday.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that gettimeofday() may be implemented in the vDSO
+
+ioctl_userfaultfd.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework version information for feature bits
+
+io_submit.2
+ Goldwyn Rodrigues
+ Add iocb details to io_submit
+ Add more information about the iocb structure. Explains the
+ fields of the I/O control block structure which is passed to the
+ io_submit() call.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross-reference to io_getevents(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Cross reference pwritev(2) in discussion of RWF_SYNC and RWF_DSYNC
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Update example to take TSO into account
+ The existing example given specifically states that it focus on
+ x86 (TSO memory model), but gives a read-read vs write-write
+ ordering example, even though this scenario does not require
+ explicit barriers on TSO.
+
+ So either we change the example architecture to a weakly-ordered
+ architecture, or we change the example to a scenario requiring
+ barriers on x86.
+
+ Let's stay on x86, but provide a Dekker as example instead.
+ Mathieu Desnoyers
+ Adapt the MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED return value documentation to
+ reflect that it now returns -EINVAL when issued on a system
+ configured for nohz_full.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the limit for size of 'name'
+
+mkdir.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Raghavendra D Prabhu]
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+
+mmap.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit text noting that 'length' must be greater than 0
+ Currently, this detail is hidden in ERRORS. Make it clear in
+ the main text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ftruncate(2)
+
+mremap.2
+ Mike Kravetz [Florian Weimer, Jann Horn]
+ Add description of old_size == 0 functionality
+ Since at least the 2.6 time frame, mremap() would create a new
+ mapping of the same pages if 'old_size == 0'. It would also leave
+ the original mapping. This was used to create a 'duplicate
+ mapping'.
+
+ A recent change was made to mremap() so that an attempt to create a
+ duplicate a private mapping will fail.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michal Hocko, Mike Kravetz]
+ BUGS: describe older behavior for old_size==0 on private mappings
+ Explain the older behavior, and why it changed. This is a
+ follow-up to Mike Kravetz's patch documenting the behavior
+ for old_size==0 with shared mappings.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat EINVAL errors as a list
+
+open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ By contrast with O_RDONLY, no file permissions are required for O_PATH
+ Note one of the significant advantages of O_PATH: many of the
+ operations applied to O_PATH file descriptors don't require
+ read permission, so there's no reason why the open() itself
+ should require read permission.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of O_PATH to provide O_EXEC functionality
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention O_PATH file descriptor use with fexecve(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: document EINVAL error for invalid filename
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that O_TMPFILE creates a *regular* file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it explicit that O_CREAT creates a regular file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.26, the open() wrapper always uses the openat() syscall
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Change pathname used in discussion of rationale for openat()
+ /path/to/file is a little confusing as a pathname
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make the purpose of open() a little clearer at the start of the page
+
+open_by_handle_at.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Clarifications needed due to NFS reexport
+ NeilBrown [Lennart Poettering]
+ Clarify MAX_HANDLE_SZ
+ As hinted in the kernel source, MAX_HANDLE_SZ is a hint
+ rather than a promise.
+
+pipe.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Marin H.]
+ Since Linux 4.5, fcntl() can be used to set O_DIRECT for a pipe
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197917
+
+pivot_root.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add switch_root(8)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Breno Leitao
+ Fix argument order
+ Currently pkey_alloc() syscall has two arguments, and the very
+ first argument is still not supported and should be set to zero.
+ The second argument is the one that should specify the
+ page access rights.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add ltrace(1)
+
+reboot.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Michał Zegan]
+ Fix bogus description of reboot() from non-initial PID namespace
+ The current text was confused (mea culpa). No signal is sent to
+ the init() process. Rather, depending on the 'cmd' given to
+ reboot(), the 'group_exit_code' value will set to either SIGHUP or
+ SIGINT, with the effect that one of those signals is reported to
+ wait() in the parent process.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195899
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: remove reboot(8) (synonym for halt(8)); add shutdown(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemctl(1), systemd(1)
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Elliot Hughes
+ Type fixes in SYNOPSIS
+ [mtk: The raw system calls use "unsigned int", but the glibc
+ wrappers have "int" for the 'flags' argument.]
+
+sched_setaffinity.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add numactl(8)
+
+sched_yield.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ sched_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Adhemerval Zanella, Florian Weimer, Kees Cook]
+ Add some Caveats regarding the use of seccomp filters
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the "default" filter return action
+ The kernel defaults to either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS
+ or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD for unrecognized filter
+ return action values.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Kees Cook]
+ Change SECCOMP_RET_ACTION to SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL
+ In Linux 4.14, the action component of the return value
+ switched from being 15 bits to being 16 bits. A new macro,
+ SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL, that masks the 16 bits was added,
+ to replace the older SECCOMP_RET_ACTION.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Explicitly note that other threads survive SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add strace(1)
+
+send.2
+ Grégory Vander Schueren
+ Add EALREADY to ERRORS
+
+setns.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nsenter(1)
+
+shmop.2
+ Yubin Ruan
+ Note that return value of shmat() is page-aligned
+
+sigaction.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rework discussion of SA_SIGINFO handler arguments
+ Expand and rework the text a little, in particular adding
+ a reference to sigreturn(2) as a source of further
+ information about the ucontext argument.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention that libc sets the act.sa_restorer field
+
+sigaltstack.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Reword BUGS text to be a little clearer
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add explicit error handling to example code
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add use of sigaction() to example code
+
+sigreturn.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make it a little clearer that a stack frame is created by the kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc has a simple wrapper for sigreturn() that returns ENOSYS
+
+splice.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 2.6.31,'fd_in' and 'fd_out' may both refer to pipes
+
+stat.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Richard Knutsson]
+ Use lstat() instead of stat()
+ It's more logical to use lstat() in the example code,
+ since one can then experiment with symbolic links, and
+ also the S_IFLNK case can also occur.
+ NeilBrown
+ Correct AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT text and general revisions
+ Expand on the relationship between fstatat() and the other three
+ functions, and improve the description of AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT.
+ Specifically, both stat() and lstat() act the same way with
+ respect to automounts, and that behavior matches fstatat() with
+ the AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT flag.
+
+statfs.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some comments noting filesystems that are no longer current
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comments describing a few filesystem types
+
+time.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that time() may be implemented in the vDSO
+ Michael Kerrisk [Victor Porton]
+ Language fix-up: clarify that "tasks" means "work"
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197183
+
+userfaultfd.2
+ Mike Rapoport
+ BUGS: document spurious UFFD_EVENT_FORK
+
+write.2
+fsync.2
+close.2
+ NeilBrown [Jeff Layton]
+ Update description of error codes
+ Since 4.13, errors from writeback are more reliably reported
+ to all file descriptors that might be relevant.
+
+ Add notes to this effect, and also add detail about ENOSPC and
+ EDQUOT which can be delayed in a similar many to EIO - for NFS
+ in particular.
+
+abort.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Starting with glibc 2.27, abort() does not attempt to flush streams
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add assert(3)
+
+backtrace_symbols_fd(3)
+ Stefan Puiu [Walter Harms]
+ backtrace_symbols_fd() can trigger a call to malloc()
+
+daemon.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add daemon(7), logrotate(8)
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note use of errno(1) to look up error names and numbers
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update error list for POSIX.1-2008
+ POSIX.1-2008 specified a couple of new errors not present in
+ POSIX.1-2001.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Note the use of perror(3) and strerror(3)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno'
+ Recast the advice against manually declaring 'errno' to
+ a more modern perspective. It's 13 years since the original
+ text was added, and even then it was describing old behavior.
+ Cast the description to be about behavior further away in
+ time, and note more clearly that manual declaration will
+ cause problems with modern C libraries.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some missing errors
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Error numbers are positive values (rather than nonzero values)
+ POSIX.1-2008 noted the explicitly the change (to align with
+ the C standards) that error numbers are positive, rather
+ than nonzero.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reorganize the text and add some subheadings
+ Restructure the text and add some subheadings for better
+ readability. No (intentional) content changes.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Wesley Aptekar-Cassels]
+ Note that error numbers vary somewhat across architectures
+ Added after a patch from Wesley Aptekar-Cassels that proposed
+ to add error numbers to the text.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note the <errno.h> also provides the symbolic error names
+ Michael Kerrisk [Walter Harms]
+ Explicitly note that error numbers vary also across UNIX systems
+
+exec.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.24 dropped CWD from the default path
+ Document the glibc 2.24 change that dropped CWD from the default
+ search path employed by execlp(), execvp() and execvpe() when
+ PATH is not defined.
+
+fexecve.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ O_PATH file descriptors are also usable with fexecve()
+ Cristian Rodríguez
+ fexecve() is now implemented with execveat(2), where available
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some detail on the glibc implementation of fexecve() via execveat(2)
+
+ffs.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc 2.27 relaxes the FTM requirements for ffsl() and ffsll()
+
+get_nprocs_conf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add nproc(1)
+
+lround.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [David Eckardt]
+ Clarify that lround() rounds *halfway cases" away from zero
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=194601
+
+makedev.3
+ Adrian Bunk
+ glibc has deprecated exposing the definitions via <sys/types.h>
+
+mallinfo.3
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Fix the example
+ Remove reference to non-standard "tlpi_hdr.h" and replace calls to
+ functions that were declared in this header.
+
+malloc.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add valgrind(1)
+
+popen.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a cross reference to Caveats in system(3)
+ All of the same risks regarding system() also apply to popen().
+
+pthread_detach.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rahul Bedarkar]
+ Improve sentence describing freeing of resources on process termination
+ As reported by Rahul, the existing sentence could be read as
+ meaning that resources of joined and terminated detached
+ threads are freed only at process termination. Eliminate
+ that possible misreading.
+
+pthread_yield.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Peter Zijlstra]
+ pthread_yield() is intended for use with real-time scheduling policies
+
+setlocale.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Křištof Želechovski]
+ The standards do not specify all of the locale categories
+
+sockatmark.3
+ Seonghun Lim
+ Fix cruft in code example
+
+stdio.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use proper section cross references in function list
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove crufty reference to pc(1)
+
+sysconf.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3)
+ Mention get_nprocs_conf(3) in discussion of _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
+ and _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN.
+
+system.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Create a "Caveats" subsection to hold warnings about the use of system()
+ See https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=882222
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Mention PATH explicitly in discussion of system() and set-UID programs
+ Michael Kerrisk [Bastien Roucaries]
+ Note that user input for system() should be carefully sanitized
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention file capabilities in discussion of privileged programs
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Correctly note which shell Debian uses as (noninteractive) /bin/sh
+
+core.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add some notes on systemd and core dumps
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Dumps are not produced if core_pattern is empty and core_uses_pid is 0
+ Michael Kerrisk [Per Böhlin]
+ RLIMIT_CORE is not enforced when piping core dump to a program
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add systemd-coredump(8)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add coredumpctl(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Replace crufty URL reference for 'smb' with up-to-date URL
+ Michael Kerrisk [Jonny Grant]
+ Refer to VFAT as an extended FAT (not DOS) filesystem
+
+proc.5
+ Michael Kerrisk [Miklos Szered, Ram Pai]
+ Correct the description of the parent mount ID for /proc/PID/mountinfo
+ Oliver Ebert
+ Add mmap-exclusive bit for /proc/[pid]/pagemap
+ Marcus Folkesson
+ Update description of /proc/<pid>/oom_score
+ Lucas Werkmeister
+ Clarify permissions in /proc/[pid]/fd/
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add reference to pid_namespaces(7) for /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid
+
+shells.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pam_shells(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief explanation of /sys/kernel
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/class/net
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a brief description of /sys/kernel/mm
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief description of /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a description of /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages
+
+arp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add arpd(8)
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to xattr(7) in the discussion of extended attributes
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add captest(8)
+
+epoll.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note existence of kcmp() KCMP_EPOLL_TFD operation
+
+fifo.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer reader to pipe(7) for details of I/O semantics of FIFOs
+
+hier.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add file-hierarchy(7)
+
+icmp.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add rdisc(8)
+
+man-pages.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that "x86-64" is generally preferred over "x86_64"
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Add a use case for real minus character
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a reference to new veth(4) page
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ EXAMPLE: refer also to example in clone(2)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add reboot(2)
+ Add because reboot(2) has special semantics for non-initial
+ PID namespaces.
+
+pthreads.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add pthread_spin_init(3) and pthread_spin_lock(3)
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Petr Malat, Tobias Klausmann]
+ Correct the description of SO_RXQ_OVFL
+
+standards.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add getconf(1), confstr(3), pathconf(3), sysconf(3)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Christian Brauner [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new 340 line idmap limit
+
+ld.so.8
+ Michael Kerrisk [Yubin Ruan]
+ Simplify language around conferring capabilities
+ The statement "conferring permitted or effective capabilities"
+ to the process is somewhat redundant. Binaries with capabilities
+ confer capabilities only to those process capability sets, so it's
+ simpler to just say "confers capabilities to the process".
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.15 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-02-02, Palo Alto
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Liddell <ml+kernel.org@aliddell.com>
+Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
+Andries E. Brouwer <Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl>
+Elie Roudninski <xademax@gmail.com>
+Eric Benton <erbenton@comcast.net>
+Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
+G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Joel Williamson <jwilliamson@carnegietechnologies.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jorgen Hansen <jhansen@vmware.com>
+Keno Fischer <keno@juliacomputing.com>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
+NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
+Nikola Forró <nforro@redhat.com>
+Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
+Pradeep Kumar <pradeepsixer@gmail.com>
+QingFeng Hao <haoqf@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Ricardo Biehl Pasquali <pasqualirb@gmail.com>
+roblabla <man-pages@roblab.la>
+Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>
+Shawn Landden <slandden@gmail.com>
+Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
+Stefan Raspl <raspl@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
+Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+New and rewritten pages
+-----------------------
+
+s390_sthyi.2
+ QingFeng Hao [Michael Kerrisk]
+ New page for s390-specific s390_sthyi(2)
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ New page describing network namespaces
+ Based on content moved from namespaces(7)
+
+vsock.7
+ Stefan Hajnoczi [Jorgen Hansen, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document the VSOCK socket address family
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroups v2 "thread mode"
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Document cgroup v2 delegation via the 'nsdelegate' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document the cgroup.max.depth and cgroup.max.descendants files
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'release_agent' mount option
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/delegate
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document /sys/kernel/cgroup/features
+ Michael Kerrisk [Roman Gushchin]
+ Document cgroups v2 cgroup.stat file
+
+
+Global changes
+--------------
+
+Various pages
+ G. Branden Robinson
+ Standardize on "nonzero"
+ Also add this term to the style guide in man-pages(7).
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Sync list of supported map types with 4.14 kernel
+
+copy_file_range.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Library support was added in glibc 2.27
+ Shawn Landden
+ glibc provides a user-space emulation where the system call is absent
+ Florian Weimer
+ EFBIG errors are possible, similar to write(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EISDIR
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Order ERRORS alphabetically
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add comment to code example explaining use of syscall(2)
+
+fcntl.2
+read.2
+write.2
+ NeilBrown
+ Document "Lost locks" as cause for EIO.
+ If an advisory lock is lost, then read/write requests on any
+ affected file descriptor can return EIO - for NFSv4 at least.
+
+memfd_create.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for memfd_create() was added in version 2.27
+
+mlock.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make details for MLOCK_ONFAULT a little more explicit
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ glibc support for mlock2() is added in version 2.27
+
+mmap.2
+ John Hubbard [Michael Hocko]
+ MAP_FIXED is no longer discouraged
+ MAP_FIXED has been widely used for a very long time, yet the man
+ page still claims that "the use of this option is discouraged".
+ John Hubbard
+ MAP_FIXED updated documentation
+ -- Expand the documentation to discuss the hazards in
+ enough detail to allow avoiding them.
+
+ -- Mention the upcoming MAP_FIXED_SAFE flag.
+
+ -- Enhance the alignment requirement slightly.
+
+mount.2
+ Keno Fischer [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add EINVAL error condition when MS_BINDing MNT_LOCKED submounts
+
+mprotect.2
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Glibc support for memory protection keys was added in version 2.27
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add perf(1)
+
+pkey_alloc.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify description of pkey_alloc() 'flags' argument
+
+prctl.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Defer to capabilities(7) for discussion of the "keep capabilities" flag
+
+recvmmsg.2
+sendmmsg.2
+ Nikola Forró
+ Point out that error handling is unreliable
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that SECCOMP_RET_TRAP SIGSYS signal is thread-directed
+
+syscalls.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add s390-specific s390_sthyi(2) to syscall list
+
+unshare.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that EUSERS occurred only until kernel 4.8
+
+errno.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ 'errno -s' can be used to search for errors by string in description
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add Linux error text corresponding to ENOMEM
+
+fgetpwent.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add missing ATTRIBUTES preamble
+
+fts.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Pradeep Kumar]
+ fts_pathlen = strlen(fts_path) + strlen(fts_name)
+
+fuse.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Places errors in alphabetical order (no content changes)
+
+veth.4
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add network_namespaces(7)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Refer to cgroups(7) for information about files in /sys/kernel/cgroup
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which capability sets are affected by SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP
+ Note explicitly that SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is relevant for
+ the permitted, effective, and ambient capability sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Deemphasize the ancient prctl(2) PR_SET_KEEPCAPS command
+ The modern approach is SECBITS_KEEP_CAPS.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify effect of CAP_SETFCAP
+ Make it clear that CAP_SETFCAP allows setting arbitrary
+ capabilities on a file.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify which capability sets are effected by SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS
+ This flag has relevance only for the process permitted and
+ effective sets.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rephrase CAP_SETPCAP description
+ * Mention kernel versions.
+ * Place current kernel behavior first
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS is ignored if SECBIT_NO_SETUID_FIXUP is set
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Ambient set is also cleared when UIDs are set to nonzero value
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a more complete description of cgroup v1 named hierarchies
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a section on unmounting cgroup v1 filesystems
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add subsection describing cgroups v2 subtree delegation
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention ENOENT error that can occur when writing to subtree_control file
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add list of currently available version 2 controllers
+ Nikolay Borisov
+ Add information about RDMA controller
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Rewrite the description of cgroup v2 subtree control
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Note Linux 4.11 changes to cgroup v2 delegation containment rules
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ systemd(1) nowadays automatically mounts the cgroup2 filesystem
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Clarify that cgroup.controllers is read-only
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Elaborate a little on problems of splitting threads across cgroups in v1
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tejun Heo]
+ Tweak the description of delegation of cgroup.subtree_control
+
+ip.7
+ Ricardo Biehl Pasquali
+ INADDR_* values cannot be assigned directly to 's_addr'
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ s/INADDR_ANY/INADDR_LOOPBACK/ in discussion of htonl()
+ INADDR_LOOPBACK is a better example, since it is not
+ byte-order neutral.
+
+namespaces.7
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move content from namespaces(7) to network_namespaces(7)
+
+pid_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add mount_namespaces(7)
+
+sched.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andrea Parri]
+ Correctly describe effect of priority changes for RT threads
+ The placement of a thread in the run queue for its new
+ priority depends on the direction of movement in priority.
+ (This appears to contradict POSIX, except in the case of
+ pthread_setschedprio().)
+
+user_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Mention NS_GET_OWNER_UID ioctl() operation
+
+
+==================== Changes in man-pages-4.16 ====================
+
+Released: 2018-04-30, Munich
+
+
+Contributors
+------------
+
+The following people contributed patches/fixes or (noted in brackets
+in the changelog below) reports, notes, and ideas that have been
+incorporated in changes in this release:
+
+Adam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
+Andy Owen <andrew.owen@dolby.com>
+Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>
+Carsten Grohmann <carstengrohmann@gmx.de>
+Elvira Khabirova <lineprinter@altlinux.org>
+Enrique Garcia <cquike@arcor.de>
+Frederic Brault <fbrault@xyalis.com>
+Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
+Howard Johnson <hwj@BridgeportContractor.com>
+Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
+Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
+Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
+John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
+Jürg Billeter <j@bitron.ch>
+Konstantin Grinemayer <cdlscpmv@gmail.com>
+Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
+Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
+Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
+Mattias Andrée <maandree@kth.se>
+Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
+Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
+Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
+Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos <nmavrogi@redhat.com>
+Robin Kuzmin <kuzmin.robin@gmail.com>
+Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
+Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
+Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
+Tomi Salminen <tsalminen@forcepoint.com>
+
+Apologies if I missed anyone!
+
+
+Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
+---------------------------------------------
+
+membarrier.2
+ Mathieu Desnoyers [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Document new membarrier commands introduced in Linux 4.16
+ Document the following membarrier commands introduced in
+ Linux 4.16:
+
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ (the old enum label MEMBARRIER_CMD_SHARED is now an
+ alias to preserve header backward compatibility)
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_GLOBAL_EXPEDITED
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+ MEMBARRIER_CMD_REGISTER_PRIVATE_EXPEDITED_SYNC_CORE
+
+mmap.2
+ Jan Kara [Ross Zwisler, Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add description of MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE and MAP_SYNC
+ Michal Hocko [John Hubbard, Michael Kerrisk, Jann Horn]
+ Document new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag
+ 4.17+ kernels offer a new MAP_FIXED_NOREPLACE flag which allows
+ the caller to atomically probe for a given address range.
+
+readv.2
+io_submit.2
+ Jürg Billeter
+ Document RWF_APPEND added in Linux 4.16
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe file capability versioning
+ Michael Kerrisk [Serge E. Hallyn]
+ Document namespaced-file capabilities
+ [There's still more work to be done on this new text]
+
+
+Changes to individual pages
+---------------------------
+
+bpf.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Update list of architectures that support JITed eBPF
+ And note kernel version numbers where support is added.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Kernel 4.15 added CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON
+ This causes the JIT compiler to be always on and
+ forces bpf_jit_enable to 1.
+
+execve.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that describing execve as "executing a new process" is misleading
+ This misdescription is so common that it's worth calling it out
+ explicitly.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ More explicitly describe effect of execve() in the opening paragraph
+
+fallocate.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since Linux 4.16, Btrfs supports FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE
+
+getrlimit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability is required in *initial user namespace*
+
+io_submit.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add kernel version numbers for various 'aio_rw_flags' flags
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Place 'aio_rw_flags' in alphabetical order
+
+mmap.2
+ Jann Horn
+ MAP_FIXED is okay if the address range has been reserved
+ Clarify that MAP_FIXED is appropriate if the specified address
+ range has been reserved using an existing mapping, but shouldn't
+ be used otherwise.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Move the text on MAP_FIXED to NOTES
+ This text has become rather long, making it somewhat
+ unwieldy in the discussion of the mmap() flags. Therefore,
+ move it to NOTES, with a pointer in DESCRIPTION referring
+ the reader to NOTES.
+ Michael Kerrisk [Heinrich Schuchardt]
+ Clarify that when addr==NULL, address chosen by kernel is page-aligned
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add a little historical detail on the obsolete MAP_DENYWRITE
+
+mount.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ ERRORS: add EBUSY for the case of trying to stack same mount twice
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove a couple of obsolete EBUSY errors
+ As far as I can tell, these EBUSY errors disappeared
+ with the addition of stackable mounts in Linux 2.4.
+
+msgget.2
+semget.2
+shmget.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ The purpose of "flags" == 0 is to obtain ID of an existing IPC object
+ This was implied in these pages, but the meaning of "flags" == 0
+ could be more explicit, as indicated by questions such as
+ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49833569/flag-value-of-semget-function
+
+open.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Document more -ETXTBSY conditions
+ Jakub Wilk
+ Add missing argument for snprintf() in example code
+
+perf_event_open.2
+ Song Liu
+ Add type kprobe and uprobe
+ Two new types kprobe and uprobe are being added to
+ perf_event_open(), which allow creating kprobe or
+ uprobe with perf_event_open. This patch adds
+ information about these types.
+
+ptrace.2
+ Jann Horn
+ Copy retval info for SECCOMP_GET_FILTER to right section
+ The "RETURN VALUE" section made a claim that was incorrect for
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER. Explicitly describe the behavior of
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER in the "RETURN VALUE" section (as
+ usual), but leave the now duplicate description in the section
+ describing PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER, since the
+ PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER section would otherwise probably become
+ harder to understand.
+
+readv.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant sentence
+
+seccomp.2
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note that execve() may change syscall numbers during life of process
+ On a multiarch/multi-ABI platform such as modern x86, each
+ architecture/ABI (x86-64, x32, i386)has its own syscall numbers,
+ which means a seccomp() filter may see different syscall numbers
+ over the life of the process if that process uses execve() to
+ execute programs that has a different architectures/ABIs.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note which architectures support seccomp BPF
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ In EXAMPLE, clearly note that x32 syscalls are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT
+
+shutdown.2
+ Carsten Grohmann
+ SEE ALSO: add close(2)
+
+syscall.2
+ Adam Borowski
+ Add riscv
+
+wait.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Robin Kuzmin]
+ wait() and waitpid() block the calling thread (not process)
+
+wait4.2
+ Michael Kerrisk [Martin Mares]
+ Soften the warning against the use of wait3()/wait4()
+ These functions are nonstandard, but there is no replacement.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199215
+
+crypt.3
+encrypt.3
+ Carlos O'Donell [Michael Kerrisk]
+ Add notes about _XOPEN_CRYPT
+ The distribution may choose not to support _XOPEN_CRYPT in the
+ case that the distribution has transitioned from glibc crypt to
+ libxcrypt.
+
+fseek.3
+ Michael Kerrisk [Andy Owen]
+ ERRORS: EBADF should be ESPIPE
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Improve EPIPE error text
+
+getcwd.3
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Mention that "(unreachable)" is no longer returned for glibc >= 2.27.
+
+makedev.3
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Since glibc 2.28, <sys/types.h> no longer defines these macros
+
+pthread_create.3
+ Frederic Brault
+ Note default thread stack size for several architectures
+
+tsearch.3
+ Jann Horn
+ Clarify items vs nodes
+ The manpage claimed that tsearch() returns a pointer to a data
+ item. This is incorrect; tsearch() returns a pointer to the
+ corresponding tree node, which can also be interpreted as a
+ pointer to a pointer to the data item.
+
+ Since this API is quite unintuitive, also add a clarifying
+ sentence.
+ Jann Horn
+ tdelete() can return dangling pointers
+ POSIX says that deleting the root node must cause tdelete() to
+ return some unspecified non-NULL pointer. Glibc implements it by
+ returning a dangling pointer to the (freed) root node.
+ Therefore, explicitly note that tdelete() may return bad pointers
+ that must not be accessed.
+
+elf.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add patchelf(1)
+
+filesystems.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add an entry for tmpfs(5)
+
+group.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vigr(8)
+
+passwd.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add vipw(8)
+
+sysfs.5
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add brief note on /sys/fs/smackfs
+
+tmpfs.5
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Document current mount options
+ Some of this content is moved from the mount(8) man page.
+ Style was based on proc(5) sections.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove reference to mount(8) for discussion of mount options
+ The mount options are now described in this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Reformat 'huge' and 'mpol' mount option values as lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Describe 'mpol' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/filesystems/tmpfs.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document 'huge' mount options
+ Based on text from Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add set_mempolicy(2)
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Document mpol=local mount option
+
+capabilities.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove redundant mention of PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER
+
+cgroups.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ cgroup.events transitions generate POLLERR as well as POLLPRI
+
+mount_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note another case where shared "peer groups" are formed
+
+namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Konstantin Khlebnikov]
+ Mention that device ID should also be checked when comparing NS symlinks
+ When comparing two namespaces symlinks to see if they refer to
+ the same namespace, both the inode number and the device ID
+ should be compared. This point was already made clear in
+ ioctl_ns(2), but was missing from this page.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Note an idiosyncrasy of /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children
+ /proc/[pid]/ns/pid_for_children has a value only after first
+ child is created in PID namespace. Verified by experiment.
+
+network_namespaces.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Network namespaces isolate the UNIX domain abstract socket namespace
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Add cross reference to unix(7)
+ For further information on UNIX domain abstract sockets.
+
+posixoptions.7
+ Carlos O'Donell
+ Expand XSI Options groups
+ We define in detail the X/Open System Interfaces i.e. _XOPEN_UNIX
+ and all of the X/Open System Interfaces (XSI) Options Groups.
+
+ The XSI options groups include encryption, realtime, advanced
+ realtime, realtime threads, advanced realtime threads, tracing,
+ streams, and legacy interfaces.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Use a more consistent, less cluttered layout for option lists
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Make function lists more consistent and less cluttered
+ Use more consistent layout for lists of functions, and
+ remove punctuation from the lists to make them less cluttered.
+
+socket.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Tomi Salminen]
+ Fix error in SO_INCOMING_CPU code snippet
+ The last argument is passed by value, not reference.
+
+time.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Enrique Garcia]
+ Mention clock_gettime()/clock_settime() rather than [gs]ettimeofday()
+ gettimeofday() is declared obsolete by POSIX. Mention instead
+ the modern APIs for working with the realtime clock.
+
+ See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199049
+
+unix.7
+ Michael Kerrisk [Rusty Russell]
+ ERRORS: add EBADF for sending closed file descriptor with SCM_RIGHTS
+
+vdso.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ VDSO symbols (system calls) are not visible to seccomp(2) filters
+
+xattr.7
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ SEE ALSO: add selinux(8)
+
+ld.so.8
+ Mike Frysinger
+ Make lack of separator escaping explicit
+ Make it clear that the delimiters in LD_PRELOAD, LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
+ and LD_AUDIT cannot be escaped so people don't try various methods
+ (such as \:) to workaround it.
+ Michael Kerrisk
+ Remove unneeded mention of PATH in discussion of LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ This brief sentence doesn't add value to the text.