Ready for 4.10

Removed trailing white space at end of lines

add_key.2, execve.2, fork.2, fsync.2, getrandom.2, getrlimit.2, getxattr.2, inotify_add_watch.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_fat.2, kcmp.2, keyctl.2, link.2, listxattr.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mincore.2, mlock.2, nanosleep.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, read.2, readv.2, recv.2, request_key.2, select.2, send.2, setxattr.2, sigaction.2, stat.2, statfs.2, syscall.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, unlink.2, vfork.2, write.2, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, aio_suspend.3, backtrace.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bzero.3, exec.3, fopen.3, fts.3, ftw.3, getline.3, getmntent.3, getopt.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, memset.3, random.3, random_r.3, resolver.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sem_post.3, sem_wait.3, setjmp.3, sleep.3, strerror.3, strverscmp.3, system.3, random.4, core.5, intro.5, resolv.conf.5, slabinfo.5, environ.7, ip.7, keyrings.7, man.7, persistent-keyring.7, pipe.7, process-keyring.7, random.7, session-keyring.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, thread-keyring.7, unix.7, user-keyring.7, user-session-keyring.7, ld.so.8: tstamp

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Changes: Ready for 4.10

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor wording fix for KEYCTL_SET_REQKEY_KEYRING

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Improve KEYCTL_REJECT description

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor improvement to KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE description

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor improvements to KEYCTL_ASSUME_AUTHORITY description

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor clarification for KEYCTL_UPDATE

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor clarification for KEYCTL_REJECT

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2, request_key.2: Consistently use term "negatively instantiated key"

Eliminate uses of the term "negative key" in favor of
"negatively instantiated key".

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Improvements to description of KEYCTL_GET_KEYRING_ID

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: Minor wording fix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyctl.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: Add links to some keyrings pages

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

keyrings.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

add_key.2: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

signal.7: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

signal.7: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

syscall.2: Note parisc handling of aligned register pairs

While parisc would normally have the same behavior as ARM/PowerPC,
they decide to write shim syscall stubs to unpack/realign rather
than expose the padding to userspace.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Mention other system calls that create 'anon_inode' file descriptors

Mention a few other system calls that create file descriptors
that display an 'anon_inode' symlink in /proc/PID/fd

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Minor improvement to description of /proc/PID/fd symlinks

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Remove duplicate /proc/[pid]/seccomp entry

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Minor: fix alphabetical order of some /proc/PID entries

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mbind.2: Restore description of MPOL_BIND behavior before Linux 2.6.265

Krzysztof Kulakowski's patch updated the MPOL_BIND description
to describe current behavior, but the page should retain a
description of the older behavior as well.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mbind.2: Restore a sentence that should not have been removed by preceding patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mbind.2: Update MPOL_BIND section

Behavior of MPOL_BIND has been changed in kernel commit
19770b32609b6bf97a3dece2529089494cbfc549 (Linux 2.6.26). This
patch updates section describing MPOL_BIND to be in sync with
current state of Documentation/vm/numa_memory_policy.txt.

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kulakowski <krzysztof.kulakowski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

syscall.2: Add endian details with 64-bit splitting

Architectures that split 64-bit values across register pairs
usually do so according to their C ABI calling convention (which
means endianness).  Add some notes to that effect, and change the
readahead example to show a little endian example (since that is
way more common than big endian).

Also start a new list of syscalls that this issue does not apply
to.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

backtrace.3: SEE ALSO: add addr2line(1) and gdb(1)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

posix_spawn.3: tfix

Reported-by: Paul Fee <paul.f.fee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

namespaces.7: SEE ALSO: add ip-netns(8)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ip.7: SEE ALSO: add ip(8)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nanosleep.2: Describe "creeping sleep" problem

nanosleep() has a problem if used in a program that catches
signals and those signals are delivered at a very high rate.
Describe the problem, and note that clock_nanosleep(2)
provides a solution.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nanosleep.2: BUGS: explicitly note that the Linux 2.4 bug was fixed in Linux 2.6

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_ns.2: Minor reworking of text

In preparation for material on new Linux 4.11 namespace
ioctl() operations.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

listxattr.2: Eliminate extra E2BIG error text

Andreas' patch added a second description of E2BIG that
was (mostly) more detailed than the existing text. Combine
the two texts.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getxattr.2, listxattr.2: srcfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getxattr.2, listxattr.2: Minor: fix alphabetic order of errors

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getxattr.2, listxattr.2: Document E2BIG errors

Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ftw.3: Correctly handle use of stat info for FTW_NS in example program

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ftw.3: Clarify that stat buffer is undefined for FTW_NS

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

link.2: Note limits where EMLINK is encountered on ext4 and Btrfs

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Add reference to vdso(7) in discussion of /proc/PID/maps

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

open.2: Make it clear that O_APPEND implies atomicity

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

lseek.2: Remove slightly bogus advice about race conditions

The page already (by now) contains a reference to open(2)
for a discussion of open file descriptions. Leave it at that,
since the reader can then deduce how things work.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

readv.2: Remove generic advice about mixing stdio and syscalls on same file

There is nothing specific to readv()/writev() about this advice.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

lseek.2: O_APPEND overrides the effect of lseek() when doing file writes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

lseek.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

lseek.2: Remove ancient info about whence values and return values on old systems

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

environ.7: Mention prctl(2) PR_SET_MM_ENV_START and PR_SET_MM_ENV_END operations

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Tweaks to Mike's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc.5: Clarify that /proc/PID/environ is set at time of execve(2)

Reported-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

proc(5): Clarify /proc/pid/environ behavior

/proc/pid/environ reflects process environment at
*start* of program execution.

Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

environ.7: tfix/ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

environ.7: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fork.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fork.2: cgroup PIDs controller may also be trigger for EAGAIN error

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mq_receive.3, mq_send.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mq_open.3: Include definition of the 'mq_attr' structure in this man page

Make the reader's life a little easier by saving them from
having to refer to mq_getattr(3).

Reported-by: Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mq_send.3: Refer to mq_overview(7) for details on range of message priority

Reported-by: Adam Martindale <adam.john.martindale@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

request_key.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

tkill.2: Document EAGAIN error for real-time signals

See __send_signal() in kernel/signal.c:

if (sig >= SIGRTMIN && info->si_code != SI_USER) {
  /*
   * Queue overflow, abort.  We may abort if the
   * signal was rt and sent by user using something
   * other than kill().
   */
  result = TRACE_SIGNAL_OVERFLOW_FAIL;
  ret = -EAGAIN;
  goto ret;
}

(kill() uses SI_USER, but tkill() and tgkill() use SI_TKILL.)

Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_fat.2: Correctly reference volume ID instead of volume label

The description of FAT_IOCTL_GET_VOLUME_ID references volume name,
when it really should be volume ID since the volume label is
different in the FAT filesystem. This patch renames the incorrect
volume name references to volume id.

This man page supplies an example display_fat_volume_id.c program
that can be used to read the volume ID (serial number) from a
filesystem.  Here is an additional test showing that the volume ID
and volume name are two different entities:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=fat_volume bs=1M count=1
$ mkfs.fat -v -n MASNEYB fat_volume
[snip]
Volume ID is da8cecf2, volume label MASNEYB    .
$ sudo mount -o loop fat_volume /mnt
$ ./display_fat_volume_id /mnt/
Volume ID da8c-ecf2

Signed-off-by: Brian Masney <masneyb@onstation.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pipe.7: Since Linux 4.9, pipe-max-size is ceiling for the default pipe capacity

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pipe.7: Clarify that default pipe capacity is 16 pages

The statement that the default pipe capacity is 65536 bytes
is accurate only on systems where the page size is 4096B.
See the use of PIPE_DEF_BUFFERS in the kernel source.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

vfork.2: Explain why the child should not call exit(3)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

vfork.2: SEE ALSO: add _exit(2)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Clarify meaning of zero as 'instr' value for fts_set()

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Improve explanation of 'fts_errno'

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Give a hint that there are further fields in the FTSENT structure

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Fix minor error in FTSENT structure definition

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Use better argument name for fts_children() and fts_set()

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Minor wording fix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Minor fix: make the meaning of "stream" a little more obvious

"Stream" was used lower in the page, without first
being defined.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: Minor wording fixes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fts.3: grfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

hsearch.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man.7, uri.7: Use "www.kernel.org" in example URLs

Apparently www.kernelnotes.org is now a spam site.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

netlink.7: Update libnl homepage URL

The original URL is 404.

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mtrace.1: ffix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

core.5: tfix

Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

printf.3: Fix a small bug in example code

Move the second call to va_end(ap) to above the if-block that
precedes it, so that the va_list 'ap' will be cleaned up in
all cases.

Reported-by: Erik Roland van der Meer <ervdmeer@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strerror.3: Minor tweak's to Heinrich Schuchardt's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strerror.3: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strerror.3: Indicate reasonable buffer size for strerror_r() and strerror_l()

Add a hint which buffer size is needed for
strerror_r() and strerror_l().

Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Merge branch 'master' of ra.kernel.org:/pub/scm/docs/man-pages/man-pages

explicit_bzero.3: New link to bzero.3

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>