Prepare EVP_MAC infrastructure for moving all MACs to providers

[thirdparty/openssl.git] / doc / man3 / EVP_MAC.pod

=pod

=head1 NAME

EVP_MAC, EVP_MAC_fetch, EVP_MAC_up_ref, EVP_MAC_free, EVP_MAC_name,
EVP_MAC_get_params, EVP_MAC_gettable_params,
EVP_MAC_CTX, EVP_MAC_CTX_new, EVP_MAC_CTX_free, EVP_MAC_CTX_dup,
EVP_MAC_CTX_mac, EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params, EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params,
EVP_MAC_size, EVP_MAC_init, EVP_MAC_update, EVP_MAC_final,
EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params, EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params
- EVP MAC routines

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 #include <openssl/evp.h>

 typedef struct evp_mac_st EVP_MAC;
 typedef struct evp_mac_ctx_st EVP_MAC_CTX;

 EVP_MAC *EVP_MAC_fetch(OPENSSL_CTX *libctx, const char *algorithm,
                        const char *properties);
 int EVP_MAC_up_ref(EVP_MAC *mac);
 void EVP_MAC_free(EVP_MAC *mac);
 const char *EVP_MAC_name(const EVP_MAC *mac);
 int EVP_MAC_get_params(EVP_MAC *mac, OSSL_PARAM params[]);

 EVP_MAC_CTX *EVP_MAC_CTX_new(EVP_MAC *mac);
 void EVP_MAC_CTX_free(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
 EVP_MAC_CTX *EVP_MAC_CTX_dup(const EVP_MAC_CTX *src);
 EVP_MAC *EVP_MAC_CTX_mac(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
 int EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, OSSL_PARAM params[]);
 int EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, const OSSL_PARAM params[]);

 size_t EVP_MAC_size(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
 int EVP_MAC_init(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx);
 int EVP_MAC_update(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *data, size_t datalen);
 int EVP_MAC_final(EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx,
                   unsigned char *out, size_t *outl, size_t outsize);

 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_gettable_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);
 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);
 const OSSL_PARAM *EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params(const EVP_MAC *mac);

=head1 DESCRIPTION

These types and functions help the application to calculate MACs of
different types and with different underlying algorithms if there are
any.

MACs are a bit complex insofar that some of them use other algorithms
for actual computation.  HMAC uses a digest, and CMAC uses a cipher.
Therefore, there are sometimes two contexts to keep track of, one for
the MAC algorithm itself and one for the underlying computation
algorithm if there is one.

To make things less ambiguous, this manual talks about a "context" or
"MAC context", which is to denote the MAC level context, and about a
"underlying context", or "computation context", which is to denote the
context for the underlying computation algorithm if there is one.

=head2 Types

B<EVP_MAC> is a type that holds the implementation of a MAC.

B<EVP_MAC_CTX> is a context type that holds internal MAC information
as well as a reference to a computation context, for those MACs that
rely on an underlying computation algorithm.

=head2 Algorithm implementation fetching

EVP_MAC_fetch() fetches an implementation of a MAC I<algorithm>, given
a library context I<libctx> and a set of I<properties>.
See L<provider(7)/Fetching algorithms> for further information.

The returned value must eventually be freed with
L<EVP_MAC_free(3)>.

EVP_MAC_up_ref() increments the reference count of an already fetched
MAC.

EVP_MAC_free() frees a fetched algorithm.
NULL is a valid parameter, for which this function is a no-op.

=head2 Context manipulation functions

EVP_MAC_CTX_new() creates a new context for the MAC type I<mac>.
The created context can then be used with most other functions
described here.

EVP_MAC_CTX_free() frees the contents of the context, including an
underlying context if there is one, as well as the context itself.
NULL is a valid parameter, for which this function is a no-op.

EVP_MAC_CTX_dup() duplicates the I<src> context and returns a newly allocated
context.

EVP_MAC_CTX_mac() returns the B<EVP_MAC> associated with the context
I<ctx>.

=head2 Computing functions

EVP_MAC_init() sets up the underlying context with information given
through diverse controls.
This should be called before calling EVP_MAC_update() and
EVP_MAC_final().

EVP_MAC_update() adds I<datalen> bytes from I<data> to the MAC input.

EVP_MAC_final() does the final computation and stores the result in
the memory pointed at by I<out> of size I<outsize>, and sets the number
of bytes written in I<*outl> at.
If I<out> is B<NULL> or I<outsize> is too small, then no computation
is made.
To figure out what the output length will be and allocate space for it
dynamically, simply call with I<out> being B<NULL> and I<outl>
pointing at a valid location, then allocate space and make a second
call with I<out> pointing at the allocated space.

EVP_MAC_get_params() retrieves details about the implementation
I<mac>.
The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
parameters should be retrieved.
Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
simply ignored.

EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params() retrieves chosen parameters, given the
context I<ctx> and its underlying context.
The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
parameters should be retrieved.
Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
simply ignored.

EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params() passes chosen parameters to the underlying
context, given a context I<ctx>.
The set of parameters given with I<params> determine exactly what
parameters are passed down.
Note that a parameter that is unknown in the underlying context is
simply ignored.
Also, what happens when a needed parameter isn't passed down is
defined by the implementation.

EVP_MAC_gettable_params(), EVP_MAC_CTX_gettable_params() and
EVP_MAC_CTX_settable_params() get a constant B<OSSL_PARAM> array that
decribes the retrievable and settable parameters, i.e. parameters that
can be used with EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params(), EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params()
and EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params(), respectively.
See L<OSSL_PARAM(3)> for the use of B<OSSL_PARAM> as parameter descriptor.

=head2 Information functions

EVP_MAC_size() returns the MAC output size for the given context.

EVP_MAC_name() returns the name of the given MAC implementation.

=head1 PARAMETER NAMES

The standard parameter names are:

=over 4

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_KEY ("key") <octet string>

Its value is the MAC key as an array of bytes.

For MACs that use an underlying computation algorithm, the algorithm
must be set first, see parameter names "algorithm" below.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_IV ("iv") <octet string>

Some MAC implementations require an IV, this parameter sets the IV.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_CUSTOM ("custom") <octet string>

Some MAC implementations (KMAC, BLAKE2) accept a Customization String,
this parameter sets the Customization String. The default value is the
empty string.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_SALT ("salt") <octet string>

This option is used by BLAKE2 MAC.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_XOF ("xof") <int>

It's a simple flag, the value 0 or 1 are expected.

This option is used by KMAC.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_FLAGS ("flags") <int>

These will set the MAC flags to the given numbers.
Some MACs do not support this option.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_ENGINE ("engine") <utf8string>

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_MD ("md") <utf8string>

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST ("digest") <utf8string>

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_CIPHER ("cipher") <utf8string>

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_ALGORITHM ("algorithm") <utf8string>

For MAC implementations that use an underlying computation algorithm,
these parameters set what the algorithm should be, and the engine that
implements the algorithm if needed.

The value is always the name of the intended engine or algorithm.

Note that not all algorithms may support all digests.
HMAC does not support variable output length digests such as SHAKE128
or SHAKE256.

Also note that OSSL_MAC_PARAM_ALGORITHM can be use generically instead
of OSSL_MAC_PARAM_MD, OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST or OSSL_MAC_PARAM_CIPHER,
and that OSSL_MAC_PARAM_MD and OSSL_MAC_PARAM_DIGEST are also interchangable.

=item OSSL_MAC_PARAM_SIZE <unsigned int>

For MAC implementations that support it, set the output size that
EVP_MAC_final() should produce.
The allowed sizes vary between MAC implementations.

=back

All these parameters should be used before the calls to any of
EVP_MAC_init(), EVP_MAC_update() and EVP_MAC_final() for a full
computation.
Anything else may give undefined results.

=head1 RETURN VALUES

EVP_MAC_fetch() returns a pointer to a newly fetched EVP_MAC, or
NULL if allocation failed.

EVP_MAC_up_ref() returns 1 on success, 0 on error.

EVP_MAC_free() returns nothing at all.

EVP_MAC_name() returns the name of the MAC, or NULL if NULL was
passed.

EVP_MAC_CTX_new() and EVP_MAC_CTX_dup() return a pointer to a newly
created EVP_MAC_CTX, or NULL if allocation failed.

EVP_MAC_CTX_free() returns nothing at all.

EVP_MAC_CTX_get_params() and EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params() return 1 on
success, 0 on error.

EVP_MAC_init(), EVP_MAC_update(), and EVP_MAC_final() return 1 on success, 0
on error.

EVP_MAC_size() returns the expected output size, or 0 if it isn't
set.
If it isn't set, a call to EVP_MAC_init() should get it set.


=head1 EXAMPLE

  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdarg.h>
  #include <unistd.h>

  #include <openssl/evp.h>
  #include <openssl/err.h>
  #include <openssl/params.h>

  int main() {
      EVP_MAC *mac = EVP_MAC_fetch(NULL, getenv("MY_MAC"), NULL);
      const char *cipher = getenv("MY_MAC_CIPHER");
      const char *digest = getenv("MY_MAC_DIGEST");
      const char *key = getenv("MY_KEY");
      EVP_MAC_CTX *ctx = NULL;

      unsigned char buf[4096];
      ssize_t read_l;
      size_t final_l;

      size_t i;

      OSSL_PARAM params[4];
      size_t params_n = 0;

      if (cipher != NULL)
          params[params_n++] =
              OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_string("cipher", cipher,
                                               strlen(cipher) + 1, NULL);
      if (digest != NULL)
          params[params_n++] =
              OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_string("digest", digest,
                                               strlen(digest) + 1, NULL);
      params[params_n++] =
          OSSL_PARAM_construct_octet_string("key", key, strlen(key), NULL);
      params[params_n] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();

      if (mac == NULL
          || key == NULL
          || (ctx = EVP_MAC_CTX_new(mac)) == NULL
          || EVP_MAC_CTX_set_params(ctx, params) <= 0)
          goto err;

      if (!EVP_MAC_init(ctx))
          goto err;

      while ( (read_l = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
          if (!EVP_MAC_update(ctx, buf, read_l))
              goto err;
      }

      if (!EVP_MAC_final(ctx, buf, &final_l))
          goto err;

      printf("Result: ");
      for (i = 0; i < final_l; i++)
          printf("%02X", buf[i]);
      printf("\n");

      EVP_MAC_CTX_free(ctx);
      EVP_MAC_free(mac);
      exit(0);

   err:
      EVP_MAC_CTX_free(ctx);
      EVP_MAC_free(mac);
      fprintf(stderr, "Something went wrong\n");
      ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
      exit (1);
  }

A run of this program, called with correct environment variables, can
look like this:

  $ MY_MAC=cmac MY_KEY=secret0123456789 MY_MAC_CIPHER=aes-128-cbc \
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. ./foo < foo.c
  Result: ECCAAFF041B22A2299EB90A1B53B6D45

(in this example, that program was stored in F<foo.c> and compiled to
F<./foo>)

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<property(7)>
L<OSSL_PARAM(3)>,
L<EVP_MAC_BLAKE2(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_CMAC(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_GMAC(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_HMAC(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_KMAC(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_SIPHASH(7)>,
L<EVP_MAC_POLY1305(7)>

=head1 HISTORY

These functions were added in OpenSSL 3.0.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2018-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

=cut