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1 | <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" | |
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> | |
4 | ||
5 | <!-- | |
6 | This file is part of systemd. | |
7 | ||
8 | Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering | |
9 | ||
10 | systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
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11 | under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by |
12 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
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13 | (at your option) any later version. |
14 | ||
15 | systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
16 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
17 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
5430f7f2 | 18 | Lesser General Public License for more details. |
dd1eb43b | 19 | |
5430f7f2 | 20 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License |
dd1eb43b LP |
21 | along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
22 | --> | |
23 | ||
24 | <refentry id="systemd.exec"> | |
25 | <refentryinfo> | |
26 | <title>systemd.exec</title> | |
27 | <productname>systemd</productname> | |
28 | ||
29 | <authorgroup> | |
30 | <author> | |
31 | <contrib>Developer</contrib> | |
32 | <firstname>Lennart</firstname> | |
33 | <surname>Poettering</surname> | |
34 | <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> | |
35 | </author> | |
36 | </authorgroup> | |
37 | </refentryinfo> | |
38 | ||
39 | <refmeta> | |
40 | <refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle> | |
41 | <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> | |
42 | </refmeta> | |
43 | ||
44 | <refnamediv> | |
45 | <refname>systemd.exec</refname> | |
34511ca7 | 46 | <refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose> |
dd1eb43b LP |
47 | </refnamediv> |
48 | ||
49 | <refsynopsisdiv> | |
e670b166 ZJS |
50 | <para><filename><replaceable>service</replaceable>.service</filename>, |
51 | <filename><replaceable>socket</replaceable>.socket</filename>, | |
52 | <filename><replaceable>mount</replaceable>.mount</filename>, | |
53 | <filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para> | |
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54 | </refsynopsisdiv> |
55 | ||
56 | <refsect1> | |
57 | <title>Description</title> | |
58 | ||
9a666408 | 59 | <para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets, |
43638332 | 60 | mount points, and swap devices share a subset of |
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61 | configuration options which define the execution |
62 | environment of spawned processes.</para> | |
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63 | |
64 | <para>This man page lists the configuration options | |
9a666408 | 65 | shared by these four unit types. See |
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66 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
67 | for the common options of all unit configuration | |
68 | files, and | |
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69 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
70 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
d868475a | 71 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
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72 | and |
73 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
74 | for more information on the specific unit | |
75 | configuration files. The execution specific | |
76 | configuration options are configured in the [Service], | |
16dad32e | 77 | [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit |
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78 | type.</para> |
79 | </refsect1> | |
80 | ||
81 | <refsect1> | |
82 | <title>Options</title> | |
83 | ||
ccc9a4f9 | 84 | <variablelist class='unit-directives'> |
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85 | |
86 | <varlistentry> | |
87 | <term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term> | |
88 | ||
89 | <listitem><para>Takes an absolute | |
90 | directory path. Sets the working | |
e06c73cc | 91 | directory for executed processes. If |
79640424 | 92 | not set, defaults to the root directory |
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93 | when systemd is running as a system |
94 | instance and the respective user's | |
95 | home directory if run as | |
96 | user.</para></listitem> | |
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97 | </varlistentry> |
98 | ||
99 | <varlistentry> | |
100 | <term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term> | |
101 | ||
102 | <listitem><para>Takes an absolute | |
103 | directory path. Sets the root | |
104 | directory for executed processes, with | |
105 | the | |
5aded369 | 106 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
79640424 | 107 | system call. If this is used, it must |
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108 | be ensured that the process and all |
109 | its auxiliary files are available in | |
110 | the <function>chroot()</function> | |
111 | jail.</para></listitem> | |
112 | </varlistentry> | |
113 | ||
114 | <varlistentry> | |
115 | <term><varname>User=</varname></term> | |
116 | <term><varname>Group=</varname></term> | |
117 | ||
118 | <listitem><para>Sets the Unix user | |
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119 | or group that the processes are executed |
120 | as, respectively. Takes a single user or group | |
dd1eb43b | 121 | name or ID as argument. If no group is |
16dad32e | 122 | set, the default group of the user is |
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123 | chosen.</para></listitem> |
124 | </varlistentry> | |
125 | ||
126 | <varlistentry> | |
127 | <term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term> | |
128 | ||
129 | <listitem><para>Sets the supplementary | |
130 | Unix groups the processes are executed | |
e9dd9f95 | 131 | as. This takes a space-separated list |
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132 | of group names or IDs. This option may |
133 | be specified more than once in which | |
134 | case all listed groups are set as | |
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135 | supplementary groups. When the empty |
136 | string is assigned the list of | |
137 | supplementary groups is reset, and all | |
138 | assignments prior to this one will | |
139 | have no effect. In any way, this | |
140 | option does not override, but extends | |
141 | the list of supplementary groups | |
142 | configured in the system group | |
143 | database for the | |
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144 | user.</para></listitem> |
145 | </varlistentry> | |
146 | ||
147 | <varlistentry> | |
148 | <term><varname>Nice=</varname></term> | |
149 | ||
150 | <listitem><para>Sets the default nice | |
151 | level (scheduling priority) for | |
152 | executed processes. Takes an integer | |
153 | between -20 (highest priority) and 19 | |
154 | (lowest priority). See | |
155 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
156 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
157 | </varlistentry> | |
158 | ||
159 | <varlistentry> | |
dd6c17b1 | 160 | <term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term> |
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161 | |
162 | <listitem><para>Sets the adjustment | |
163 | level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for | |
164 | executed processes. Takes an integer | |
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165 | between -1000 (to disable OOM killing |
166 | for this process) and 1000 (to make | |
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167 | killing of this process under memory |
168 | pressure very likely). See <ulink | |
6ed80a4e | 169 | url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink> |
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170 | for details.</para></listitem> |
171 | </varlistentry> | |
172 | ||
173 | <varlistentry> | |
174 | <term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term> | |
175 | ||
176 | <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling | |
177 | class for executed processes. Takes an | |
178 | integer between 0 and 3 or one of the | |
179 | strings <option>none</option>, | |
180 | <option>realtime</option>, | |
181 | <option>best-effort</option> or | |
182 | <option>idle</option>. See | |
183 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
184 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
185 | </varlistentry> | |
186 | ||
187 | <varlistentry> | |
188 | <term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term> | |
189 | ||
190 | <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling | |
191 | priority for executed processes. Takes | |
192 | an integer between 0 (highest | |
193 | priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The | |
194 | available priorities depend on the | |
195 | selected IO scheduling class (see | |
196 | above). See | |
197 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
198 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
199 | </varlistentry> | |
200 | ||
201 | <varlistentry> | |
202 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term> | |
203 | ||
204 | <listitem><para>Sets the CPU | |
205 | scheduling policy for executed | |
206 | processes. Takes one of | |
207 | <option>other</option>, | |
208 | <option>batch</option>, | |
209 | <option>idle</option>, | |
210 | <option>fifo</option> or | |
211 | <option>rr</option>. See | |
212 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
213 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
214 | </varlistentry> | |
215 | ||
216 | <varlistentry> | |
217 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term> | |
218 | ||
219 | <listitem><para>Sets the CPU | |
220 | scheduling priority for executed | |
bb112710 | 221 | processes. The available priority |
dd1eb43b | 222 | range depends on the selected CPU |
bb112710 HHPF |
223 | scheduling policy (see above). For |
224 | real-time scheduling policies an | |
225 | integer between 1 (lowest priority) | |
226 | and 99 (highest priority) can be used. | |
227 | See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
228 | for details. | |
229 | </para></listitem> | |
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230 | </varlistentry> |
231 | ||
232 | <varlistentry> | |
233 | <term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term> | |
234 | ||
235 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 236 | argument. If true, elevated CPU |
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237 | scheduling priorities and policies |
238 | will be reset when the executed | |
239 | processes fork, and can hence not leak | |
240 | into child processes. See | |
241 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
242 | for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem> | |
243 | </varlistentry> | |
244 | ||
245 | <varlistentry> | |
246 | <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term> | |
247 | ||
248 | <listitem><para>Controls the CPU | |
249 | affinity of the executed | |
96d4ce01 | 250 | processes. Takes a space-separated |
66f756d4 | 251 | list of CPU indices. This option may |
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252 | be specified more than once in which |
253 | case the specificed CPU affinity masks | |
254 | are merged. If the empty string is | |
79640424 | 255 | assigned, the mask is reset, all |
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256 | assignments prior to this will have no |
257 | effect. See | |
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258 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
259 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
260 | </varlistentry> | |
261 | ||
262 | <varlistentry> | |
263 | <term><varname>UMask=</varname></term> | |
264 | ||
265 | <listitem><para>Controls the file mode | |
266 | creation mask. Takes an access mode in | |
267 | octal notation. See | |
268 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
269 | for details. Defaults to | |
260d3708 | 270 | 0022.</para></listitem> |
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271 | </varlistentry> |
272 | ||
273 | <varlistentry> | |
274 | <term><varname>Environment=</varname></term> | |
275 | ||
276 | <listitem><para>Sets environment | |
277 | variables for executed | |
96d4ce01 | 278 | processes. Takes a space-separated |
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279 | list of variable assignments. This |
280 | option may be specified more than once | |
281 | in which case all listed variables | |
282 | will be set. If the same variable is | |
79640424 | 283 | set twice, the later setting will |
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284 | override the earlier setting. If the |
285 | empty string is assigned to this | |
79640424 | 286 | option, the list of environment |
74051b9b | 287 | variables is reset, all prior |
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288 | assignments have no effect. |
289 | Variable expansion is not performed | |
97d0e5f8 | 290 | inside the strings, however, specifier |
79640424 | 291 | expansion is possible. The $ character has |
97d0e5f8 | 292 | no special meaning. |
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293 | If you need to assign a value containing spaces |
294 | to a variable, use double quotes (") | |
295 | for the assignment.</para> | |
296 | ||
297 | <para>Example: | |
c5b37953 | 298 | <programlisting>Environment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=$word 5 6"</programlisting> |
0ae9c92a | 299 | gives three variables <literal>VAR1</literal>, |
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300 | <literal>VAR2</literal>, <literal>VAR3</literal> |
301 | with the values <literal>word1 word2</literal>, | |
302 | <literal>word3</literal>, <literal>$word 5 6</literal>. | |
0ae9c92a FC |
303 | </para> |
304 | ||
305 | <para> | |
306 | See | |
5aded369 | 307 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
0ae9c92a | 308 | for details about environment variables.</para></listitem> |
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309 | </varlistentry> |
310 | <varlistentry> | |
311 | <term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term> | |
312 | <listitem><para>Similar to | |
313 | <varname>Environment=</varname> but | |
314 | reads the environment variables from a | |
315 | text file. The text file should | |
e9dd9f95 | 316 | contain new-line-separated variable |
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317 | assignments. Empty lines and lines |
318 | starting with ; or # will be ignored, | |
565d91fd MV |
319 | which may be used for commenting. A line |
320 | ending with a backslash will be concatenated | |
321 | with the following one, allowing multiline variable | |
322 | definitions. The parser strips leading | |
323 | and trailing whitespace from the values | |
7734f773 | 324 | of assignments, unless you use |
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325 | double quotes (").</para> |
326 | ||
327 | <para>The argument passed should be an | |
e9dd9f95 | 328 | absolute filename or wildcard |
74051b9b | 329 | expression, optionally prefixed with |
05cc7267 | 330 | <literal>-</literal>, which indicates |
6b4991cf JE |
331 | that if the file does not exist, it |
332 | will not be read and no error or warning | |
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333 | message is logged. This option may be |
334 | specified more than once in which case | |
335 | all specified files are read. If the | |
336 | empty string is assigned to this | |
79640424 | 337 | option, the list of file to read is |
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338 | reset, all prior assignments have no |
339 | effect.</para> | |
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340 | |
341 | <para>The files listed with this | |
f1779fd2 | 342 | directive will be read shortly before |
90582615 | 343 | the process is executed (more |
dca348bc | 344 | specifically, after all |
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345 | processes from a previous unit state |
346 | terminated. This means you can | |
347 | generate these files in one unit | |
348 | state, and read it with this option in | |
349 | the next). Settings from these files | |
350 | override settings made with | |
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351 | <varname>Environment=</varname>. If |
352 | the same variable is set twice from | |
79640424 | 353 | these files, the files will be read in |
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354 | the order they are specified and the |
355 | later setting will override the | |
74051b9b | 356 | earlier setting.</para></listitem> |
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357 | </varlistentry> |
358 | ||
359 | <varlistentry> | |
360 | <term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term> | |
361 | <listitem><para>Controls where file | |
362 | descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed | |
363 | processes is connected to. Takes one | |
364 | of <option>null</option>, | |
365 | <option>tty</option>, | |
366 | <option>tty-force</option>, | |
367 | <option>tty-fail</option> or | |
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368 | <option>socket</option>.</para> |
369 | ||
370 | <para>If <option>null</option> is | |
371 | selected, standard input will be | |
372 | connected to | |
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373 | <filename>/dev/null</filename>, |
374 | i.e. all read attempts by the process | |
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375 | will result in immediate EOF.</para> |
376 | ||
377 | <para>If <option>tty</option> is | |
378 | selected, standard input is connected | |
379 | to a TTY (as configured by | |
dd1eb43b LP |
380 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see |
381 | below) and the executed process | |
382 | becomes the controlling process of the | |
383 | terminal. If the terminal is already | |
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384 | being controlled by another process, |
385 | the executed process waits until the | |
386 | current controlling process releases | |
387 | the terminal.</para> | |
388 | ||
389 | <para><option>tty-force</option> is similar | |
390 | to <option>tty</option>, but the | |
391 | executed process is forcefully and | |
392 | immediately made the controlling | |
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393 | process of the terminal, potentially |
394 | removing previous controlling | |
395 | processes from the | |
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396 | terminal.</para> |
397 | ||
398 | <para><option>tty-fail</option> is | |
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399 | similar to <option>tty</option> but if |
400 | the terminal already has a controlling | |
401 | process start-up of the executed | |
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402 | process fails.</para> |
403 | ||
404 | <para>The <option>socket</option> | |
405 | option is only valid in | |
406 | socket-activated services, and only | |
407 | when the socket configuration file | |
408 | (see | |
dd1eb43b LP |
409 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
410 | for details) specifies a single socket | |
79640424 | 411 | only. If this option is set, standard |
dd1eb43b LP |
412 | input will be connected to the socket |
413 | the service was activated from, which | |
414 | is primarily useful for compatibility | |
415 | with daemons designed for use with the | |
416 | traditional | |
417 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
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418 | daemon.</para> |
419 | ||
420 | <para>This setting defaults to | |
dd1eb43b LP |
421 | <option>null</option>.</para></listitem> |
422 | </varlistentry> | |
423 | <varlistentry> | |
424 | <term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term> | |
425 | <listitem><para>Controls where file | |
426 | descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed | |
427 | processes is connected to. Takes one | |
428 | of <option>inherit</option>, | |
429 | <option>null</option>, | |
430 | <option>tty</option>, | |
79c1afc6 | 431 | <option>journal</option>, |
dd1eb43b | 432 | <option>syslog</option>, |
28dbc1e8 | 433 | <option>kmsg</option>, |
79c1afc6 | 434 | <option>journal+console</option>, |
706343f4 | 435 | <option>syslog+console</option>, |
79c1afc6 LP |
436 | <option>kmsg+console</option> or |
437 | <option>socket</option>.</para> | |
438 | ||
439 | <para><option>inherit</option> | |
440 | duplicates the file descriptor of | |
441 | standard input for standard | |
442 | output.</para> | |
443 | ||
444 | <para><option>null</option> connects | |
445 | standard output to | |
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446 | <filename>/dev/null</filename>, |
447 | i.e. everything written to it will be | |
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448 | lost.</para> |
449 | ||
450 | <para><option>tty</option> connects | |
451 | standard output to a tty (as | |
452 | configured via | |
dd1eb43b LP |
453 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see |
454 | below). If the TTY is used for output | |
79640424 | 455 | only, the executed process will not |
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456 | become the controlling process of the |
457 | terminal, and will not fail or wait | |
458 | for other processes to release the | |
79c1afc6 LP |
459 | terminal.</para> |
460 | ||
461 | <para><option>journal</option> | |
462 | connects standard output with the | |
463 | journal which is accessible via | |
464 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
465 | Note that everything that is written | |
466 | to syslog or kmsg (see below) is | |
467 | implicitly stored in the journal as | |
468 | well, the specific two options listed | |
469 | below are hence supersets of this | |
470 | one.</para> | |
471 | ||
472 | <para><option>syslog</option> connects | |
473 | standard output to the <citerefentry | |
474 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
475 | system syslog service, in addition to | |
476 | the journal. Note that the journal | |
477 | daemon is usually configured to | |
478 | forward everything it receives to | |
479 | syslog anyway, in which case this | |
480 | option is no different from | |
481 | <option>journal</option>.</para> | |
482 | ||
483 | <para><option>kmsg</option> connects | |
484 | standard output with the kernel log | |
485 | buffer which is accessible via | |
486 | <citerefentry | |
487 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
488 | in addition to the journal. The | |
489 | journal daemon might be configured to | |
490 | send all logs to kmsg anyway, in which | |
491 | case this option is no different from | |
492 | <option>journal</option>.</para> | |
493 | ||
494 | <para><option>journal+console</option>, | |
495 | <option>syslog+console</option> and | |
496 | <option>kmsg+console</option> work in | |
497 | a similar way as the three options | |
498 | above but copy the output to the | |
499 | system console as well.</para> | |
500 | ||
501 | <para><option>socket</option> connects | |
502 | standard output to a socket acquired | |
503 | via socket activation. The semantics | |
504 | are similar to the same option of | |
505 | <varname>StandardInput=</varname>.</para> | |
506 | ||
507 | <para>This setting defaults to the | |
508 | value set with | |
de6c78f8 LP |
509 | <option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option> |
510 | in | |
5f9cfd4c | 511 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
de6c78f8 | 512 | which defaults to |
706343f4 | 513 | <option>journal</option>.</para></listitem> |
dd1eb43b LP |
514 | </varlistentry> |
515 | <varlistentry> | |
ad678a06 | 516 | <term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term> |
dd1eb43b | 517 | <listitem><para>Controls where file |
b67f562c | 518 | descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the |
6db27428 ZJS |
519 | executed processes is connected to. |
520 | The available options are identical to | |
dd1eb43b | 521 | those of |
ad678a06 | 522 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname>, |
5471472d | 523 | with one exception: if set to |
dd1eb43b LP |
524 | <option>inherit</option> the file |
525 | descriptor used for standard output is | |
526 | duplicated for standard error. This | |
de6c78f8 LP |
527 | setting defaults to the value set with |
528 | <option>DefaultStandardError=</option> | |
529 | in | |
5f9cfd4c | 530 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
de6c78f8 | 531 | which defaults to |
dd1eb43b LP |
532 | <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem> |
533 | </varlistentry> | |
534 | <varlistentry> | |
535 | <term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term> | |
536 | <listitem><para>Sets the terminal | |
6db27428 ZJS |
537 | device node to use if standard input, output, |
538 | or error are connected to a | |
dd1eb43b LP |
539 | TTY (see above). Defaults to |
540 | <filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem> | |
541 | </varlistentry> | |
6ea832a2 LP |
542 | <varlistentry> |
543 | <term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term> | |
544 | <listitem><para>Reset the terminal | |
545 | device specified with | |
546 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and | |
547 | after execution. Defaults to | |
548 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
549 | </varlistentry> | |
550 | <varlistentry> | |
551 | <term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term> | |
552 | <listitem><para>Disconnect all clients | |
553 | which have opened the terminal device | |
554 | specified with | |
555 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> | |
556 | before and after execution. Defaults | |
557 | to | |
558 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
559 | </varlistentry> | |
560 | <varlistentry> | |
561 | <term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term> | |
c5315881 | 562 | <listitem><para>If the terminal |
6ea832a2 LP |
563 | device specified with |
564 | <varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a | |
79640424 | 565 | virtual console terminal, try to |
6ea832a2 LP |
566 | deallocate the TTY before and after |
567 | execution. This ensures that the | |
568 | screen and scrollback buffer is | |
569 | cleared. Defaults to | |
570 | <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem> | |
571 | </varlistentry> | |
dd1eb43b | 572 | <varlistentry> |
48c4fad9 | 573 | <term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term> |
dd1eb43b | 574 | <listitem><para>Sets the process name |
2134b5ef LP |
575 | to prefix log lines sent to the |
576 | logging system or the kernel log | |
577 | buffer with. If not set, defaults to | |
578 | the process name of the executed | |
579 | process. This option is only useful | |
580 | when | |
dd1eb43b LP |
581 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or |
582 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
2134b5ef LP |
583 | set to <option>syslog</option>, |
584 | <option>journal</option> or | |
585 | <option>kmsg</option> (or to the same | |
586 | settings in combination with | |
587 | <option>+console</option>).</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
588 | </varlistentry> |
589 | <varlistentry> | |
590 | <term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term> | |
591 | <listitem><para>Sets the syslog | |
592 | facility to use when logging to | |
593 | syslog. One of <option>kern</option>, | |
594 | <option>user</option>, | |
595 | <option>mail</option>, | |
596 | <option>daemon</option>, | |
597 | <option>auth</option>, | |
598 | <option>syslog</option>, | |
599 | <option>lpr</option>, | |
600 | <option>news</option>, | |
601 | <option>uucp</option>, | |
602 | <option>cron</option>, | |
603 | <option>authpriv</option>, | |
604 | <option>ftp</option>, | |
605 | <option>local0</option>, | |
606 | <option>local1</option>, | |
607 | <option>local2</option>, | |
608 | <option>local3</option>, | |
609 | <option>local4</option>, | |
610 | <option>local5</option>, | |
611 | <option>local6</option> or | |
612 | <option>local7</option>. See | |
5aded369 | 613 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
dd1eb43b LP |
614 | for details. This option is only |
615 | useful when | |
616 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or | |
617 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
618 | set to <option>syslog</option>. | |
619 | Defaults to | |
620 | <option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem> | |
621 | </varlistentry> | |
622 | <varlistentry> | |
623 | <term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term> | |
624 | <listitem><para>Default syslog level | |
625 | to use when logging to syslog or the | |
626 | kernel log buffer. One of | |
627 | <option>emerg</option>, | |
628 | <option>alert</option>, | |
629 | <option>crit</option>, | |
630 | <option>err</option>, | |
631 | <option>warning</option>, | |
632 | <option>notice</option>, | |
633 | <option>info</option>, | |
634 | <option>debug</option>. See | |
5aded369 | 635 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
dd1eb43b LP |
636 | for details. This option is only |
637 | useful when | |
638 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or | |
639 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
640 | set to <option>syslog</option> or | |
641 | <option>kmsg</option>. Note that | |
642 | individual lines output by the daemon | |
643 | might be prefixed with a different log | |
644 | level which can be used to override | |
645 | the default log level specified | |
646 | here. The interpretation of these | |
647 | prefixes may be disabled with | |
74922904 | 648 | <varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>, |
dd1eb43b | 649 | see below. For details see |
cb07866b | 650 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
dd1eb43b LP |
651 | |
652 | Defaults to | |
653 | <option>info</option>.</para></listitem> | |
654 | </varlistentry> | |
655 | ||
656 | <varlistentry> | |
74922904 | 657 | <term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term> |
dd1eb43b | 658 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean |
74922904 | 659 | argument. If true and |
dd1eb43b LP |
660 | <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or |
661 | <varname>StandardError=</varname> are | |
df688b23 LP |
662 | set to <option>syslog</option>, |
663 | <option>kmsg</option> or | |
664 | <option>journal</option>, log lines | |
dd1eb43b LP |
665 | written by the executed process that |
666 | are prefixed with a log level will be | |
667 | passed on to syslog with this log | |
668 | level set but the prefix removed. If | |
74922904 | 669 | set to false, the interpretation of |
dd1eb43b LP |
670 | these prefixes is disabled and the |
671 | logged lines are passed on as-is. For | |
672 | details about this prefixing see | |
cb07866b | 673 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
74922904 | 674 | Defaults to true.</para></listitem> |
dd1eb43b LP |
675 | </varlistentry> |
676 | ||
677 | <varlistentry> | |
03fae018 | 678 | <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term> |
dd1eb43b LP |
679 | <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack |
680 | in nanoseconds for the executed | |
d88a251b LP |
681 | processes. The timer slack controls |
682 | the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by | |
03fae018 | 683 | timers. See |
dd1eb43b | 684 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
03fae018 LP |
685 | for more information. Note that in |
686 | contrast to most other time span | |
f8553ccb | 687 | definitions this parameter takes an |
d88a251b LP |
688 | integer value in nano-seconds if no |
689 | unit is specified. The usual time | |
690 | units are understood | |
691 | too.</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
692 | </varlistentry> |
693 | ||
694 | <varlistentry> | |
695 | <term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term> | |
696 | <term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term> | |
697 | <term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term> | |
698 | <term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term> | |
699 | <term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term> | |
700 | <term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term> | |
701 | <term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term> | |
702 | <term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term> | |
703 | <term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term> | |
704 | <term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term> | |
705 | <term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term> | |
706 | <term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term> | |
707 | <term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term> | |
708 | <term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term> | |
709 | <term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term> | |
710 | <term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term> | |
711 | <listitem><para>These settings control | |
712 | various resource limits for executed | |
713 | processes. See | |
714 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
3d57c6ab LP |
715 | for details. Use the string |
716 | <varname>infinity</varname> to | |
717 | configure no limit on a specific | |
718 | resource.</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
719 | </varlistentry> |
720 | ||
721 | <varlistentry> | |
722 | <term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term> | |
723 | <listitem><para>Sets the PAM service | |
79640424 | 724 | name to set up a session as. If set, |
dd1eb43b LP |
725 | the executed process will be |
726 | registered as a PAM session under the | |
727 | specified service name. This is only | |
728 | useful in conjunction with the | |
729 | <varname>User=</varname> setting. If | |
79640424 | 730 | not set, no PAM session will be opened |
dd1eb43b | 731 | for the executed processes. See |
5aded369 | 732 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
dd1eb43b LP |
733 | for details.</para></listitem> |
734 | </varlistentry> | |
735 | ||
dd1eb43b | 736 | <varlistentry> |
260abb78 LP |
737 | <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term> |
738 | ||
739 | <listitem><para>Controls which | |
740 | capabilities to include in the | |
741 | capability bounding set for the | |
742 | executed process. See | |
5aded369 | 743 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
e9dd9f95 JSJ |
744 | for details. Takes a whitespace-separated |
745 | list of capability names as read by | |
d91c34f2 | 746 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
74d00578 ZJS |
747 | e.g. <constant>CAP_SYS_ADMIN</constant>, |
748 | <constant>CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE</constant>, | |
749 | <constant>CAP_SYS_PTRACE</constant>. | |
260abb78 LP |
750 | Capabilities listed will be included |
751 | in the bounding set, all others are | |
752 | removed. If the list of capabilities | |
79640424 | 753 | is prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, |
d91c34f2 LP |
754 | all but the listed capabilities will |
755 | be included, the effect of the | |
756 | assignment inverted. Note that this | |
757 | option also affects the respective | |
758 | capabilities in the effective, | |
759 | permitted and inheritable capability | |
760 | sets, on top of what | |
761 | <varname>Capabilities=</varname> | |
79640424 | 762 | does. If this option is not used, the |
260abb78 LP |
763 | capability bounding set is not |
764 | modified on process execution, hence | |
765 | no limits on the capabilities of the | |
74051b9b LP |
766 | process are enforced. This option may |
767 | appear more than once in which case | |
d91c34f2 LP |
768 | the bounding sets are merged. If the |
769 | empty string is assigned to this | |
79640424 | 770 | option, the bounding set is reset to |
d91c34f2 LP |
771 | the empty capability set, and all |
772 | prior settings have no effect. If set | |
773 | to <literal>~</literal> (without any | |
79640424 | 774 | further argument), the bounding set is |
d91c34f2 LP |
775 | reset to the full set of available |
776 | capabilities, also undoing any | |
777 | previous settings.</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
778 | </varlistentry> |
779 | ||
780 | <varlistentry> | |
781 | <term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term> | |
782 | <listitem><para>Controls the secure | |
e060073a ZJS |
783 | bits set for the executed process. |
784 | Takes a space-separated combination of | |
785 | options from the following list: | |
dd1eb43b LP |
786 | <option>keep-caps</option>, |
787 | <option>keep-caps-locked</option>, | |
788 | <option>no-setuid-fixup</option>, | |
789 | <option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>, | |
e060073a | 790 | <option>noroot</option>, and |
74051b9b LP |
791 | <option>noroot-locked</option>. This |
792 | option may appear more than once in | |
e060073a ZJS |
793 | which case the secure bits are ORed. |
794 | If the empty string is assigned to | |
795 | this option, the bits are reset to 0. | |
796 | See <citerefentry | |
797 | project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
798 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
799 | </varlistentry> |
800 | ||
801 | <varlistentry> | |
260abb78 | 802 | <term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term> |
dd1eb43b | 803 | <listitem><para>Controls the |
5aded369 | 804 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
260abb78 LP |
805 | set for the executed process. Take a |
806 | capability string describing the | |
807 | effective, permitted and inherited | |
808 | capability sets as documented in | |
809 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
810 | Note that these capability sets are | |
417116f2 | 811 | usually influenced (and filtered) by the capabilities |
260abb78 LP |
812 | attached to the executed file. Due to |
813 | that | |
814 | <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname> | |
e060073a | 815 | is probably a much more useful |
260abb78 | 816 | setting.</para></listitem> |
dd1eb43b LP |
817 | </varlistentry> |
818 | ||
dd1eb43b LP |
819 | <varlistentry> |
820 | <term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term> | |
821 | <term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term> | |
822 | <term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term> | |
823 | ||
d6797c92 LP |
824 | <listitem><para>Sets up a new file |
825 | system namespace for executed | |
dd1eb43b LP |
826 | processes. These options may be used |
827 | to limit access a process might have | |
12f25b6e | 828 | to the main file system |
dd1eb43b | 829 | hierarchy. Each setting takes a |
96d4ce01 | 830 | space-separated list of absolute |
dd1eb43b LP |
831 | directory paths. Directories listed in |
832 | <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname> | |
833 | are accessible from within the | |
834 | namespace with the same access rights | |
835 | as from outside. Directories listed in | |
836 | <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname> | |
837 | are accessible for reading only, | |
838 | writing will be refused even if the | |
839 | usual file access controls would | |
840 | permit this. Directories listed in | |
841 | <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname> | |
74051b9b LP |
842 | will be made inaccessible for |
843 | processes inside the namespace. Note | |
844 | that restricting access with these | |
845 | options does not extend to submounts | |
d6797c92 LP |
846 | of a directory that are created later |
847 | on. These options may be specified | |
74051b9b LP |
848 | more than once in which case all |
849 | directories listed will have limited | |
850 | access from within the namespace. If | |
851 | the empty string is assigned to this | |
d6797c92 LP |
852 | option, the specific list is reset, |
853 | and all prior assignments have no | |
ea92ae33 MW |
854 | effect.</para> |
855 | <para>Paths in | |
856 | <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname> | |
857 | and | |
858 | <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname> | |
859 | may be prefixed with | |
860 | <literal>-</literal>, in which case | |
6b4991cf | 861 | they will be ignored when they do not |
907afa06 LP |
862 | exist. Note that using this |
863 | setting will disconnect propagation of | |
864 | mounts from the service to the host | |
865 | (propagation in the opposite direction | |
866 | continues to work). This means that | |
867 | this setting may not be used for | |
868 | services which shall be able to | |
869 | install mount points in the main mount | |
870 | namespace.</para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
871 | </varlistentry> |
872 | ||
873 | <varlistentry> | |
874 | <term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term> | |
875 | ||
876 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 877 | argument. If true, sets up a new file |
ff01d048 | 878 | system namespace for the executed |
652d0dd7 ZJS |
879 | processes and mounts private |
880 | <filename>/tmp</filename> and | |
613b411c | 881 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename> |
e0e009c0 | 882 | directories inside it that is not |
613b411c | 883 | shared by processes outside of the |
dd1eb43b LP |
884 | namespace. This is useful to secure |
885 | access to temporary files of the | |
886 | process, but makes sharing between | |
887 | processes via | |
652d0dd7 ZJS |
888 | <filename>/tmp</filename> or |
889 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename> | |
b8bde116 | 890 | impossible. If this is enabled, all |
907afa06 LP |
891 | temporary files created by a service |
892 | in these directories will be removed | |
893 | after the service is stopped. Defaults | |
894 | to false. It is possible to run two or | |
895 | more units within the same private | |
896 | <filename>/tmp</filename> and | |
613b411c LP |
897 | <filename>/var/tmp</filename> |
898 | namespace by using the | |
899 | <varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname> | |
900 | directive, see | |
901 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
907afa06 LP |
902 | for details. Note that using this |
903 | setting will disconnect propagation of | |
904 | mounts from the service to the host | |
905 | (propagation in the opposite direction | |
906 | continues to work). This means that | |
907 | this setting may not be used for | |
908 | services which shall be able to install | |
909 | mount points in the main mount | |
910 | namespace.</para></listitem> | |
911 | </varlistentry> | |
912 | ||
913 | <varlistentry> | |
914 | <term><varname>PrivateDevices=</varname></term> | |
915 | ||
916 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
917 | argument. If true, sets up a new /dev | |
918 | namespace for the executed processes | |
919 | and only adds API pseudo devices such | |
920 | as <filename>/dev/null</filename>, | |
921 | <filename>/dev/zero</filename> or | |
922 | <filename>/dev/random</filename> (as | |
923 | well as the pseudo TTY subsystem) to | |
924 | it, but no physical devices such as | |
925 | <filename>/dev/sda</filename>. This is | |
926 | useful to securely turn off physical | |
927 | device access by the executed | |
928 | process. Defaults to false. Enabling | |
929 | this option will also remove | |
930 | <constant>CAP_MKNOD</constant> from | |
931 | the capability bounding set for the | |
932 | unit (see above), and set | |
933 | <varname>DevicePolicy=closed</varname> | |
934 | (see | |
935 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
936 | for details). Note that using this | |
937 | setting will disconnect propagation of | |
938 | mounts from the service to the host | |
939 | (propagation in the opposite direction | |
940 | continues to work). This means that | |
941 | this setting may not be used for | |
942 | services which shall be able to | |
943 | install mount points in the main mount | |
944 | namespace.</para></listitem> | |
ff01d048 LP |
945 | </varlistentry> |
946 | ||
947 | <varlistentry> | |
948 | <term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term> | |
949 | ||
950 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
79640424 | 951 | argument. If true, sets up a new |
ff01d048 LP |
952 | network namespace for the executed |
953 | processes and configures only the | |
954 | loopback network device | |
955 | <literal>lo</literal> inside it. No | |
956 | other network devices will be | |
957 | available to the executed process. | |
958 | This is useful to securely turn off | |
959 | network access by the executed | |
907afa06 LP |
960 | process. Defaults to false. It is |
961 | possible to run two or more units | |
962 | within the same private network | |
613b411c LP |
963 | namespace by using the |
964 | <varname>JoinsNamespaceOf=</varname> | |
965 | directive, see | |
966 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
907afa06 LP |
967 | for details. Note that this option |
968 | will disconnect all socket families | |
969 | from the host, this includes | |
970 | AF_NETLINK and AF_UNIX. The latter has | |
971 | the effect that AF_UNIX sockets in the | |
972 | abstract socket namespace will become | |
973 | unavailable to the processes (however, | |
974 | those located in the file system will | |
975 | continue to be | |
976 | accessible).</para></listitem> | |
7f112f50 LP |
977 | </varlistentry> |
978 | ||
417116f2 | 979 | <varlistentry> |
1b8689f9 | 980 | <term><varname>ProtectSystem=</varname></term> |
417116f2 LP |
981 | |
982 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
1b8689f9 LP |
983 | argument or |
984 | <literal>full</literal>. If true, | |
985 | mounts the <filename>/usr</filename> | |
5331194c | 986 | directory read-only for processes |
1b8689f9 | 987 | invoked by this unit. If set to |
8d0e0ddd JE |
988 | <literal>full</literal>, the |
989 | <filename>/etc</filename> directory is mounted | |
1b8689f9 LP |
990 | read-only, too. This setting ensures |
991 | that any modification of the vendor | |
992 | supplied operating system (and | |
993 | optionally its configuration) is | |
417116f2 LP |
994 | prohibited for the service. It is |
995 | recommended to enable this setting for | |
996 | all long-running services, unless they | |
997 | are involved with system updates or | |
998 | need to modify the operating system in | |
8d0e0ddd | 999 | other ways. Note however that |
417116f2 LP |
1000 | processes retaining the CAP_SYS_ADMIN |
1001 | capability can undo the effect of this | |
1002 | setting. This setting is hence | |
1003 | particularly useful for daemons which | |
1004 | have this capability removed, for | |
1005 | example with | |
1006 | <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>. Defaults | |
1007 | to off.</para></listitem> | |
1008 | </varlistentry> | |
1009 | ||
1010 | <varlistentry> | |
1b8689f9 | 1011 | <term><varname>ProtectHome=</varname></term> |
417116f2 LP |
1012 | |
1013 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
1014 | argument or | |
1015 | <literal>read-only</literal>. If true, | |
1016 | the directories | |
1017 | <filename>/home</filename> and | |
1018 | <filename>/run/user</filename> are | |
1019 | made inaccessible and empty for | |
1020 | processes invoked by this unit. If set | |
8d0e0ddd | 1021 | to <literal>read-only</literal>, the |
8257df27 | 1022 | two directories are made read-only |
417116f2 LP |
1023 | instead. It is recommended to enable |
1024 | this setting for all long-running | |
1025 | services (in particular network-facing | |
1b8689f9 | 1026 | ones), to ensure they cannot get access |
417116f2 LP |
1027 | to private user data, unless the |
1028 | services actually require access to | |
8d0e0ddd | 1029 | the user's private data. Note however |
417116f2 LP |
1030 | that processes retaining the |
1031 | CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability can undo the | |
1032 | effect of this setting. This setting | |
1033 | is hence particularly useful for | |
1034 | daemons which have this capability | |
1035 | removed, for example with | |
1036 | <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>. Defaults | |
1037 | to off.</para></listitem> | |
1038 | </varlistentry> | |
1039 | ||
dd1eb43b LP |
1040 | <varlistentry> |
1041 | <term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term> | |
1042 | ||
1043 | <listitem><para>Takes a mount | |
1044 | propagation flag: | |
1045 | <option>shared</option>, | |
1046 | <option>slave</option> or | |
1047 | <option>private</option>, which | |
c2c13f2d LP |
1048 | control whether mounts in the file |
1049 | system namespace set up for this | |
1050 | unit's processes will receive or | |
1051 | propagate mounts or unmounts. See | |
8050c221 | 1052 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
c2c13f2d LP |
1053 | for details. Defaults to |
1054 | <option>shared</option>. Use | |
1055 | <option>shared</option> to ensure that | |
1056 | mounts and unmounts are propagated | |
1057 | from the host to the container and | |
1058 | vice versa. Use <option>slave</option> | |
1059 | to run processes so that none of their | |
1060 | mounts and unmounts will propagate to | |
1061 | the host. Use <option>private</option> | |
1062 | to also ensure that no mounts and | |
1063 | unmounts from the host will propagate | |
1064 | into the unit processes' | |
1065 | namespace. Note that | |
1066 | <option>slave</option> means that file | |
1067 | systems mounted on the host might stay | |
06b643e7 | 1068 | mounted continuously in the unit's |
c2c13f2d LP |
1069 | namespace, and thus keep the device |
1070 | busy. Note that the file system | |
1071 | namespace related options | |
1072 | (<varname>PrivateTmp=</varname>, | |
1073 | <varname>PrivateDevices=</varname>, | |
ef392da6 AB |
1074 | <varname>ProtectSystem=</varname>, |
1075 | <varname>ProtectHome=</varname>, | |
c2c13f2d LP |
1076 | <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>, |
1077 | <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname> | |
1078 | and | |
1079 | <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>) | |
1080 | require that mount and unmount | |
1081 | propagation from the unit's file | |
1082 | system namespace is disabled, and | |
1083 | hence downgrade | |
1084 | <option>shared</option> to | |
1085 | <option>slave</option>. | |
1086 | </para></listitem> | |
dd1eb43b LP |
1087 | </varlistentry> |
1088 | ||
169c1bda LP |
1089 | <varlistentry> |
1090 | <term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term> | |
1091 | ||
c5315881 | 1092 | <listitem><para>Takes a four |
169c1bda LP |
1093 | character identifier string for an |
1094 | utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This | |
1095 | should only be set for services such | |
1096 | as <command>getty</command> | |
1097 | implementations where utmp/wtmp | |
1098 | entries must be created and cleared | |
1099 | before and after execution. If the | |
1100 | configured string is longer than four | |
79640424 | 1101 | characters, it is truncated and the |
169c1bda LP |
1102 | terminal four characters are |
1103 | used. This setting interprets %I style | |
1104 | string replacements. This setting is | |
1105 | unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp | |
1106 | entries are created or cleaned up for | |
1107 | this service.</para></listitem> | |
1108 | </varlistentry> | |
1109 | ||
7b52a628 MS |
1110 | <varlistentry> |
1111 | <term><varname>SELinuxContext=</varname></term> | |
1112 | ||
82adf6af LP |
1113 | <listitem><para>Set the SELinux |
1114 | security context of the executed | |
1115 | process. If set, this will override | |
1116 | the automated domain | |
1117 | transition. However, the policy still | |
1118 | needs to autorize the transition. This | |
1119 | directive is ignored if SELinux is | |
1120 | disabled. If prefixed by | |
1121 | <literal>-</literal>, all errors will | |
1122 | be ignored. See | |
7b52a628 MS |
1123 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setexeccon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
1124 | for details.</para></listitem> | |
1125 | </varlistentry> | |
1126 | ||
eef65bf3 MS |
1127 | <varlistentry> |
1128 | <term><varname>AppArmorProfile=</varname></term> | |
1129 | ||
dca348bc | 1130 | <listitem><para>Takes a profile name as argument. |
eef65bf3 MS |
1131 | The process executed by the unit will switch to |
1132 | this profile when started. Profiles must already | |
1133 | be loaded in the kernel, or the unit will fail. | |
1134 | This result in a non operation if AppArmor is not | |
1135 | enabled. If prefixed by <literal>-</literal>, all errors | |
1136 | will be ignored. | |
1137 | </para></listitem> | |
1138 | </varlistentry> | |
1139 | ||
2ca620c4 WC |
1140 | <varlistentry> |
1141 | <term><varname>SmackProcessLabel=</varname></term> | |
1142 | ||
1143 | <listitem><para>Takes a | |
1144 | <option>SMACK64</option> security | |
1145 | label as argument. The process | |
1146 | executed by the unit will be started | |
1147 | under this label and SMACK will decide | |
1148 | whether the processes is allowed to | |
1149 | run or not based on it. The process | |
1150 | will continue to run under the label | |
1151 | specified here unless the executable | |
1152 | has its own | |
1153 | <option>SMACK64EXEC</option> label, in | |
1154 | which case the process will transition | |
1155 | to run under that label. When not | |
1156 | specified, the label that systemd is | |
1157 | running under is used. This directive | |
1158 | is ignored if SMACK is | |
1159 | disabled.</para> | |
1160 | ||
1161 | <para>The value may be prefixed by | |
1162 | <literal>-</literal>, in which case | |
1163 | all errors will be ignored. An empty | |
1164 | value may be specified to unset | |
1165 | previous assignments.</para> | |
1166 | </listitem> | |
1167 | </varlistentry> | |
1168 | ||
353e12c2 LP |
1169 | <varlistentry> |
1170 | <term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term> | |
1171 | ||
1172 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
05cc7267 | 1173 | argument. If true, causes <constant>SIGPIPE</constant> to be |
353e12c2 | 1174 | ignored in the executed |
e9dd9f95 | 1175 | process. Defaults to true because |
05cc7267 | 1176 | <constant>SIGPIPE</constant> generally is useful only in |
353e12c2 LP |
1177 | shell pipelines.</para></listitem> |
1178 | </varlistentry> | |
1179 | ||
8351ceae LP |
1180 | <varlistentry> |
1181 | <term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term> | |
1182 | ||
1183 | <listitem><para>Takes a boolean | |
e9dd9f95 | 1184 | argument. If true, ensures that the |
8351ceae LP |
1185 | service process and all its children |
1186 | can never gain new privileges. This | |
1187 | option is more powerful than the respective | |
1188 | secure bits flags (see above), as it | |
1189 | also prohibits UID changes of any | |
1190 | kind. This is the simplest, most | |
1191 | effective way to ensure that a process | |
1192 | and its children can never elevate | |
1193 | privileges again.</para></listitem> | |
1194 | </varlistentry> | |
1195 | ||
1196 | <varlistentry> | |
1197 | <term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term> | |
1198 | ||
f513e420 LP |
1199 | <listitem><para>Takes a |
1200 | space-separated list of system call | |
e9dd9f95 | 1201 | names. If this setting is used, all |
8351ceae | 1202 | system calls executed by the unit |
17df7223 | 1203 | processes except for the listed ones |
8351ceae | 1204 | will result in immediate process |
74d00578 ZJS |
1205 | termination with the |
1206 | <constant>SIGSYS</constant> signal | |
8351ceae | 1207 | (whitelisting). If the first character |
79640424 | 1208 | of the list is <literal>~</literal>, |
8351ceae LP |
1209 | the effect is inverted: only the |
1210 | listed system calls will result in | |
1211 | immediate process termination | |
f513e420 LP |
1212 | (blacklisting). If running in user |
1213 | mode and this option is used, | |
8351ceae | 1214 | <varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname> |
f513e420 LP |
1215 | is implied. This feature makes use of the |
1216 | Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces of | |
1217 | the kernel ('seccomp filtering') and | |
1218 | is useful for enforcing a minimal | |
8351ceae LP |
1219 | sandboxing environment. Note that the |
1220 | <function>execve</function>, | |
1221 | <function>rt_sigreturn</function>, | |
1222 | <function>sigreturn</function>, | |
1223 | <function>exit_group</function>, | |
1224 | <function>exit</function> system calls | |
6b4991cf | 1225 | are implicitly whitelisted and do not |
74051b9b LP |
1226 | need to be listed explicitly. This |
1227 | option may be specified more than once | |
1228 | in which case the filter masks are | |
1229 | merged. If the empty string is | |
79640424 | 1230 | assigned, the filter is reset, all |
74051b9b | 1231 | prior assignments will have no |
c0467cf3 RC |
1232 | effect.</para> |
1233 | ||
17df7223 LP |
1234 | <para>If you specify both types of |
1235 | this option (i.e. whitelisting and | |
73e231ab | 1236 | blacklisting), the first encountered |
17df7223 LP |
1237 | will take precedence and will dictate |
1238 | the default action (termination or | |
1239 | approval of a system call). Then the | |
1240 | next occurrences of this option will | |
1241 | add or delete the listed system calls | |
1242 | from the set of the filtered system | |
1243 | calls, depending of its type and the | |
66f756d4 | 1244 | default action. (For example, if you have started |
17df7223 LP |
1245 | with a whitelisting of |
1246 | <function>read</function> and | |
73e231ab | 1247 | <function>write</function>, and right |
17df7223 LP |
1248 | after it add a blacklisting of |
1249 | <function>write</function>, then | |
1250 | <function>write</function> will be | |
66f756d4 | 1251 | removed from the set.) |
c0467cf3 | 1252 | </para></listitem> |
8351ceae LP |
1253 | </varlistentry> |
1254 | ||
17df7223 LP |
1255 | <varlistentry> |
1256 | <term><varname>SystemCallErrorNumber=</varname></term> | |
1257 | ||
1258 | <listitem><para>Takes an | |
1259 | <literal>errno</literal> error number | |
1260 | name to return when the system call | |
1261 | filter configured with | |
1262 | <varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname> | |
1263 | is triggered, instead of terminating | |
1264 | the process immediately. Takes an | |
1265 | error name such as | |
ac45f971 LP |
1266 | <constant>EPERM</constant>, |
1267 | <constant>EACCES</constant> or | |
1268 | <constant>EUCLEAN</constant>. When this | |
17df7223 | 1269 | setting is not used, or when the empty |
73e231ab | 1270 | string is assigned, the process will be |
17df7223 LP |
1271 | terminated immediately when the filter |
1272 | is triggered.</para></listitem> | |
1273 | </varlistentry> | |
1274 | ||
57183d11 LP |
1275 | <varlistentry> |
1276 | <term><varname>SystemCallArchitectures=</varname></term> | |
1277 | ||
1278 | <listitem><para>Takes a space | |
1279 | separated list of architecture | |
1280 | identifiers to include in the system | |
1281 | call filter. The known architecture | |
1282 | identifiers are | |
ac45f971 LP |
1283 | <constant>x86</constant>, |
1284 | <constant>x86-64</constant>, | |
1285 | <constant>x32</constant>, | |
f513e420 LP |
1286 | <constant>arm</constant> as well as |
1287 | the special identifier | |
1288 | <constant>native</constant>. Only | |
1289 | system calls of the specified | |
1290 | architectures will be permitted to | |
1291 | processes of this unit. This is an | |
1292 | effective way to disable compatibility | |
1293 | with non-native architectures for | |
1294 | processes, for example to prohibit | |
1295 | execution of 32-bit x86 binaries on | |
1296 | 64-bit x86-64 systems. The special | |
ac45f971 | 1297 | <constant>native</constant> identifier |
57183d11 LP |
1298 | implicitly maps to the native |
1299 | architecture of the system (or more | |
1300 | strictly: to the architecture the | |
f513e420 LP |
1301 | system manager is compiled for). If |
1302 | running in user mode and this option | |
1303 | is used, | |
1304 | <varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname> | |
1305 | is implied. Note that setting this | |
1306 | option to a non-empty list implies | |
1307 | that <constant>native</constant> is | |
1308 | included too. By default, this option | |
1309 | is set to the empty list, i.e. no | |
1310 | architecture system call filtering is | |
e9642be2 | 1311 | applied.</para></listitem> |
57183d11 LP |
1312 | </varlistentry> |
1313 | ||
4298d0b5 LP |
1314 | <varlistentry> |
1315 | <term><varname>RestrictAddressFamilies=</varname></term> | |
1316 | ||
1317 | <listitem><para>Restricts the set of | |
1318 | socket address families accessible to | |
1319 | the processes of this unit. Takes a | |
1320 | space-separated list of address family | |
1321 | names to whitelist, such as | |
1322 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant>, | |
1323 | <constant>AF_INET</constant> or | |
1324 | <constant>AF_INET6</constant>. When | |
1325 | prefixed with <constant>~</constant> | |
1326 | the listed address families will be | |
1327 | applied as blacklist, otherwise as | |
1328 | whitelist. Note that this restricts | |
1329 | access to the | |
1330 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1331 | system call only. Sockets passed into | |
1332 | the process by other means (for | |
1333 | example, by using socket activation | |
1334 | with socket units, see | |
1335 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) | |
1336 | are unaffected. Also, sockets created | |
1337 | with <function>socketpair()</function> | |
1338 | (which creates connected AF_UNIX | |
1339 | sockets only) are unaffected. Note | |
1340 | that this option has no effect on | |
70a44afe | 1341 | 32-bit x86 and is ignored (but works |
f513e420 LP |
1342 | correctly on x86-64). If running in user |
1343 | mode and this option is used, | |
1344 | <varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname> | |
b8bde116 | 1345 | is implied. By default, no |
4298d0b5 LP |
1346 | restriction applies, all address |
1347 | families are accessible to | |
1348 | processes. If assigned the empty | |
b8bde116 | 1349 | string, any previous list changes are |
4298d0b5 LP |
1350 | undone.</para> |
1351 | ||
1352 | <para>Use this option to limit | |
1353 | exposure of processes to remote | |
1354 | systems, in particular via exotic | |
1355 | network protocols. Note that in most | |
b8bde116 | 1356 | cases, the local |
4298d0b5 LP |
1357 | <constant>AF_UNIX</constant> address |
1358 | family should be included in the | |
1359 | configured whitelist as it is | |
1360 | frequently used for local | |
1361 | communication, including for | |
1362 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1363 | logging.</para></listitem> | |
1364 | </varlistentry> | |
1365 | ||
ac45f971 LP |
1366 | <varlistentry> |
1367 | <term><varname>Personality=</varname></term> | |
1368 | ||
1369 | <listitem><para>Controls which | |
1370 | kernel architecture | |
1371 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1372 | shall report, when invoked by unit | |
1373 | processes. Takes one of | |
1374 | <constant>x86</constant> and | |
1375 | <constant>x86-64</constant>. This is | |
70a44afe | 1376 | useful when running 32-bit services on |
b8bde116 | 1377 | a 64-bit host system. If not specified, |
ac45f971 LP |
1378 | the personality is left unmodified and |
1379 | thus reflects the personality of the | |
1380 | host system's | |
1381 | kernel.</para></listitem> | |
1382 | </varlistentry> | |
4298d0b5 | 1383 | |
e66cf1a3 LP |
1384 | <varlistentry> |
1385 | <term><varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname></term> | |
1386 | <term><varname>RuntimeDirectoryMode=</varname></term> | |
1387 | ||
1388 | <listitem><para>Takes a list of | |
b8bde116 | 1389 | directory names. If set, one or more |
e66cf1a3 LP |
1390 | directories by the specified names |
1391 | will be created below | |
1392 | <filename>/run</filename> (for system | |
1393 | services) or below | |
1394 | <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname> | |
1395 | (for user services) when the unit is | |
b8bde116 | 1396 | started, and removed when the unit is |
e66cf1a3 LP |
1397 | stopped. The directories will have the |
1398 | access mode specified in | |
1399 | <varname>RuntimeDirectoryMode=</varname>, | |
1400 | and will be owned by the user and | |
1401 | group specified in | |
1402 | <varname>User=</varname> and | |
1403 | <varname>Group=</varname>. Use this to | |
1404 | manage one or more runtime directories | |
1405 | of the unit and bind their lifetime to | |
1406 | the daemon runtime. The specified | |
1407 | directory names must be relative, and | |
1408 | may not include a | |
1409 | <literal>/</literal>, i.e. must refer | |
1410 | to simple directories to create or | |
1411 | remove. This is particularly useful | |
f1721625 | 1412 | for unprivileged daemons that cannot |
e66cf1a3 LP |
1413 | create runtime directories in |
1414 | <filename>/run</filename> due to lack | |
1415 | of privileges, and to make sure the | |
1416 | runtime directory is cleaned up | |
1417 | automatically after use. For runtime | |
1418 | directories that require more complex | |
1419 | or different configuration or lifetime | |
1420 | guarantees, please consider using | |
1421 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem> | |
1422 | </varlistentry> | |
1423 | ||
dd1eb43b LP |
1424 | </variablelist> |
1425 | </refsect1> | |
1426 | ||
43638332 ZJS |
1427 | <refsect1> |
1428 | <title>Environment variables in spawned processes</title> | |
1429 | ||
1430 | <para>Processes started by the system are executed in | |
1431 | a clean environment in which select variables | |
1432 | listed below are set. System processes started by systemd | |
1433 | do not inherit variables from PID 1, but processes | |
1434 | started by user systemd instances inherit all | |
1435 | environment variables from the user systemd instance. | |
1436 | </para> | |
1437 | ||
1438 | <variablelist class='environment-variables'> | |
1439 | <varlistentry> | |
1440 | <term><varname>$PATH</varname></term> | |
1441 | ||
1442 | <listitem><para>Colon-separated list | |
1443 | of directiories to use when launching | |
1444 | executables. Systemd uses a fixed | |
1445 | value of | |
1446 | <filename>/usr/local/sbin</filename>:<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>:<filename>/usr/sbin</filename>:<filename>/usr/bin</filename>:<filename>/sbin</filename>:<filename>/bin</filename>. | |
1447 | </para></listitem> | |
1448 | </varlistentry> | |
1449 | ||
1450 | <varlistentry> | |
1451 | <term><varname>$LANG</varname></term> | |
1452 | ||
1453 | <listitem><para>Locale. Can be set in | |
1454 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1455 | or on the kernel command line (see | |
1456 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1457 | and | |
1458 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>). | |
1459 | </para></listitem> | |
1460 | </varlistentry> | |
1461 | ||
1462 | <varlistentry> | |
1463 | <term><varname>$USER</varname></term> | |
59fccd82 | 1464 | <term><varname>$LOGNAME</varname></term> |
43638332 | 1465 | <term><varname>$HOME</varname></term> |
59fccd82 | 1466 | <term><varname>$SHELL</varname></term> |
43638332 | 1467 | |
59fccd82 ZJS |
1468 | <listitem><para>User name (twice), home |
1469 | directory, and the login shell. | |
72f4d966 | 1470 | The variables are set for the units that |
43638332 ZJS |
1471 | have <varname>User=</varname> set, |
1472 | which includes user | |
1473 | <command>systemd</command> instances. | |
1474 | See | |
1475 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
1476 | </para></listitem> | |
1477 | </varlistentry> | |
1478 | ||
1479 | <varlistentry> | |
1480 | <term><varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname></term> | |
1481 | ||
1482 | <listitem><para>The directory for volatile | |
1483 | state. Set for the user <command>systemd</command> | |
1484 | instance, and also in user sessions. | |
1485 | See | |
1486 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
1487 | </para></listitem> | |
1488 | </varlistentry> | |
1489 | ||
1490 | <varlistentry> | |
1491 | <term><varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname></term> | |
1492 | <term><varname>$XDG_SEAT</varname></term> | |
1493 | <term><varname>$XDG_VTNR</varname></term> | |
1494 | ||
1495 | <listitem><para>The identifier of the | |
72f4d966 | 1496 | session, the seat name, and |
43638332 ZJS |
1497 | virtual terminal of the session. Set |
1498 | by | |
1499 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> | |
1500 | for login sessions. | |
1501 | <varname>$XDG_SEAT</varname> and | |
72f4d966 JE |
1502 | <varname>$XDG_VTNR</varname> will |
1503 | only be set when attached to a seat and a | |
43638332 ZJS |
1504 | tty.</para></listitem> |
1505 | </varlistentry> | |
1506 | ||
b67f562c LP |
1507 | <varlistentry> |
1508 | <term><varname>$MAINPID</varname></term> | |
1509 | ||
1510 | <listitem><para>The PID of the units | |
1511 | main process if it is known. This is | |
1512 | only set for control processes as | |
1513 | invoked by | |
1514 | <varname>ExecReload=</varname> and | |
1515 | similar. </para></listitem> | |
1516 | </varlistentry> | |
1517 | ||
43638332 ZJS |
1518 | <varlistentry> |
1519 | <term><varname>$MANAGERPID</varname></term> | |
1520 | ||
1521 | <listitem><para>The PID of the user | |
1522 | <command>systemd</command> instance, | |
1523 | set for processes spawned by it. | |
1524 | </para></listitem> | |
1525 | </varlistentry> | |
1526 | ||
1527 | <varlistentry> | |
1528 | <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term> | |
1529 | <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term> | |
1530 | ||
1531 | <listitem><para>Information about file | |
1532 | descriptors passed to a service for | |
1533 | socket activation. See | |
1534 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. | |
1535 | </para></listitem> | |
1536 | </varlistentry> | |
59fccd82 ZJS |
1537 | |
1538 | <varlistentry> | |
1539 | <term><varname>$TERM</varname></term> | |
1540 | ||
1541 | <listitem><para>Terminal type, set | |
1542 | only for units connected to a terminal | |
1543 | (<varname>StandardInput=tty</varname>, | |
1544 | <varname>StandardOutput=tty</varname>, | |
1545 | or | |
1546 | <varname>StandardError=tty</varname>). | |
1547 | See | |
5aded369 | 1548 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>termcap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. |
59fccd82 ZJS |
1549 | </para></listitem> |
1550 | </varlistentry> | |
43638332 ZJS |
1551 | </variablelist> |
1552 | ||
1553 | <para>Additional variables may be configured by the | |
1554 | following means: for processes spawned in specific | |
1555 | units, use the <varname>Environment=</varname> and | |
1556 | <varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname> options above; to | |
1557 | specify variables globally, use | |
1558 | <varname>DefaultEnvironment=</varname> (see | |
1559 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) | |
1560 | or the kernel option | |
1561 | <varname>systemd.setenv=</varname> (see | |
1562 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Additional | |
1563 | variables may also be set through PAM, | |
5aded369 | 1564 | cf. <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>pam_env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> |
43638332 ZJS |
1565 | </refsect1> |
1566 | ||
dd1eb43b LP |
1567 | <refsect1> |
1568 | <title>See Also</title> | |
1569 | <para> | |
f3e219a2 | 1570 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
67826132 | 1571 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
169c4f65 | 1572 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
dd1eb43b LP |
1573 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
1574 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
1575 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, | |
2292707d | 1576 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
4819ff03 | 1577 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
9cc2c8b7 | 1578 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
3fde5f30 | 1579 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
43638332 | 1580 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
e66cf1a3 | 1581 | <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, |
5aded369 | 1582 | <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> |
dd1eb43b LP |
1583 | </para> |
1584 | </refsect1> | |
1585 | ||
1586 | </refentry> |