src/basic/virt.c

   1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
   2
   3 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
   4 #include <cpuid.h>
   5 #endif
   6 #include <errno.h>
   7 #include <stdint.h>
   8 #include <stdlib.h>
   9 #include <string.h>
  10 #include <unistd.h>
  11
  12 #include "alloc-util.h"
  13 #include "dirent-util.h"
  14 #include "env-util.h"
  15 #include "fd-util.h"
  16 #include "fileio.h"
  17 #include "macro.h"
  18 #include "process-util.h"
  19 #include "stat-util.h"
  20 #include "string-table.h"
  21 #include "string-util.h"
  22 #include "virt.h"
  23
  24 static int detect_vm_cpuid(void) {
  25
  26         /* CPUID is an x86 specific interface. */
  27 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
  28
  29         static const struct {
  30                 const char *cpuid;
  31                 int id;
  32         } cpuid_vendor_table[] = {
  33                 { "XenVMMXenVMM", VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
  34                 { "KVMKVMKVM",    VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
  35                 { "TCGTCGTCGTCG", VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
  36                 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
  37                 { "VMwareVMware", VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
  38                 /* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs */
  39                 { "Microsoft Hv", VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT },
  40                 /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
  41                 { "bhyve bhyve ", VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
  42                 { "QNXQVMBSQG",   VIRTUALIZATION_QNX       },
  43                 /* https://projectacrn.org */
  44                 { "ACRNACRNACRN", VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN      },
  45         };
  46
  47         uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
  48         bool hypervisor;
  49
  50         /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
  51
  52         /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
  53         if (__get_cpuid(1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx) == 0)
  54                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
  55
  56         hypervisor = ecx & 0x80000000U;
  57
  58         if (hypervisor) {
  59                 union {
  60                         uint32_t sig32[3];
  61                         char text[13];
  62                 } sig = {};
  63                 unsigned j;
  64
  65                 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
  66                 __cpuid(0x40000000U, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
  67
  68                 sig.sig32[0] = ebx;
  69                 sig.sig32[1] = ecx;
  70                 sig.sig32[2] = edx;
  71
  72                 log_debug("Virtualization found, CPUID=%s", sig.text);
  73
  74                 for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(cpuid_vendor_table); j ++)
  75                         if (streq(sig.text, cpuid_vendor_table[j].cpuid))
  76                                 return cpuid_vendor_table[j].id;
  77
  78                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
  79         }
  80 #endif
  81         log_debug("No virtualization found in CPUID");
  82
  83         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
  84 }
  85
  86 static int detect_vm_device_tree(void) {
  87 #if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
  88         _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
  89         int r;
  90
  91         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", &hvtype);
  92         if (r == -ENOENT) {
  93                 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
  94                 struct dirent *dent;
  95
  96                 dir = opendir("/proc/device-tree");
  97                 if (!dir) {
  98                         if (errno == ENOENT) {
  99                                 log_debug_errno(errno, "/proc/device-tree: %m");
 100                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 101                         }
 102                         return -errno;
 103                 }
 104
 105                 FOREACH_DIRENT(dent, dir, return -errno)
 106                         if (strstr(dent->d_name, "fw-cfg")) {
 107                                 log_debug("Virtualization QEMU: \"fw-cfg\" present in /proc/device-tree/%s", dent->d_name);
 108                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU;
 109                         }
 110
 111                 log_debug("No virtualization found in /proc/device-tree/*");
 112                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 113         } else if (r < 0)
 114                 return r;
 115
 116         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", hvtype);
 117         if (streq(hvtype, "linux,kvm"))
 118                 return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
 119         else if (strstr(hvtype, "xen"))
 120                 return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 121         else
 122                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 123 #else
 124         log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/device-tree");
 125         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 126 #endif
 127 }
 128
 129 static int detect_vm_dmi(void) {
 130 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
 131
 132         static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
 133                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name", /* Test this before sys_vendor to detect KVM over QEMU */
 134                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
 135                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
 136                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
 137         };
 138
 139         static const struct {
 140                 const char *vendor;
 141                 int id;
 142         } dmi_vendor_table[] = {
 143                 { "KVM",                 VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
 144                 { "QEMU",                VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
 145                 { "VMware",              VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    }, /* https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/1009458 */
 146                 { "VMW",                 VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
 147                 { "innotek GmbH",        VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
 148                 { "Oracle Corporation",  VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
 149                 { "Xen",                 VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
 150                 { "Bochs",               VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS     },
 151                 { "Parallels",           VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS },
 152                 /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
 153                 { "BHYVE",               VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
 154         };
 155         unsigned i;
 156         int r;
 157
 158         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
 159                 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
 160                 unsigned j;
 161
 162                 r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s);
 163                 if (r < 0) {
 164                         if (r == -ENOENT)
 165                                 continue;
 166
 167                         return r;
 168                 }
 169
 170                 for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendor_table); j++)
 171                         if (startswith(s, dmi_vendor_table[j].vendor)) {
 172                                 log_debug("Virtualization %s found in DMI (%s)", s, dmi_vendors[i]);
 173                                 return dmi_vendor_table[j].id;
 174                         }
 175         }
 176 #endif
 177
 178         log_debug("No virtualization found in DMI");
 179
 180         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 181 }
 182
 183 static int detect_vm_xen(void) {
 184
 185         /* Check for Dom0 will be executed later in detect_vm_xen_dom0
 186            The presence of /proc/xen indicates some form of a Xen domain */
 187         if (access("/proc/xen", F_OK) < 0) {
 188                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN not found, /proc/xen does not exist");
 189                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 190         }
 191
 192         log_debug("Virtualization XEN found (/proc/xen exists)");
 193         return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 194 }
 195
 196 #define XENFEAT_dom0 11 /* xen/include/public/features.h */
 197 #define PATH_FEATURES "/sys/hypervisor/properties/features"
 198 /* Returns -errno, or 0 for domU, or 1 for dom0 */
 199 static int detect_vm_xen_dom0(void) {
 200         _cleanup_free_ char *domcap = NULL;
 201         int r;
 202
 203         r = read_one_line_file(PATH_FEATURES, &domcap);
 204         if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
 205                 return r;
 206         if (r >= 0) {
 207                 unsigned long features;
 208
 209                 /* Here, we need to use sscanf() instead of safe_atoul()
 210                  * as the string lacks the leading "0x". */
 211                 r = sscanf(domcap, "%lx", &features);
 212                 if (r == 1) {
 213                         r = !!(features & (1U << XENFEAT_dom0));
 214                         log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s with value %08lx, "
 215                                   "XENFEAT_dom0 (indicating the 'hardware domain') is%s set.",
 216                                   PATH_FEATURES, features, r ? "" : " not");
 217                         return r;
 218                 }
 219                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s, unhandled content '%s'",
 220                           PATH_FEATURES, domcap);
 221         }
 222
 223         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/xen/capabilities", &domcap);
 224         if (r == -ENOENT) {
 225                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN because /proc/xen/capabilities does not exist");
 226                 return 0;
 227         }
 228         if (r < 0)
 229                 return r;
 230
 231         for (const char *i = domcap;;) {
 232                 _cleanup_free_ char *cap = NULL;
 233
 234                 r = extract_first_word(&i, &cap, ",", 0);
 235                 if (r < 0)
 236                         return r;
 237                 if (r == 0) {
 238                         log_debug("Virtualization XEN DomU found (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
 239                         return 0;
 240                 }
 241
 242                 if (streq(cap, "control_d")) {
 243                         log_debug("Virtualization XEN Dom0 ignored (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
 244                         return 1;
 245                 }
 246         }
 247 }
 248
 249 static int detect_vm_hypervisor(void) {
 250         _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
 251         int r;
 252
 253         r = read_one_line_file("/sys/hypervisor/type", &hvtype);
 254         if (r == -ENOENT)
 255                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 256         if (r < 0)
 257                 return r;
 258
 259         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /sys/hypervisor/type", hvtype);
 260
 261         if (streq(hvtype, "xen"))
 262                 return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 263         else
 264                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 265 }
 266
 267 static int detect_vm_uml(void) {
 268         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 269         int r;
 270
 271         /* Detect User-Mode Linux by reading /proc/cpuinfo */
 272         f = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "re");
 273         if (!f) {
 274                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 275                         log_debug("/proc/cpuinfo not found, assuming no UML virtualization.");
 276                         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 277                 }
 278                 return -errno;
 279         }
 280
 281         for (;;) {
 282                 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 283                 const char *t;
 284
 285                 r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
 286                 if (r < 0)
 287                         return r;
 288                 if (r == 0)
 289                         break;
 290
 291                 t = startswith(line, "vendor_id\t: ");
 292                 if (t) {
 293                         if (startswith(t, "User Mode Linux")) {
 294                                 log_debug("UML virtualization found in /proc/cpuinfo");
 295                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_UML;
 296                         }
 297
 298                         break;
 299                 }
 300         }
 301
 302         log_debug("UML virtualization not found in /proc/cpuinfo.");
 303         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 304 }
 305
 306 static int detect_vm_zvm(void) {
 307
 308 #if defined(__s390__)
 309         _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
 310         int r;
 311
 312         r = get_proc_field("/proc/sysinfo", "VM00 Control Program", WHITESPACE, &t);
 313         if (r == -ENOENT)
 314                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 315         if (r < 0)
 316                 return r;
 317
 318         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/sysinfo", t);
 319         if (streq(t, "z/VM"))
 320                 return VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM;
 321         else
 322                 return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
 323 #else
 324         log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/sysinfo");
 325         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 326 #endif
 327 }
 328
 329 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
 330 int detect_vm(void) {
 331         static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
 332         bool other = false;
 333         int r, dmi;
 334
 335         if (cached_found >= 0)
 336                 return cached_found;
 337
 338         /* We have to use the correct order here:
 339          *
 340          * → First, try to detect Oracle Virtualbox, even if it uses KVM, as well as Xen even if it cloaks as Microsoft
 341          *   Hyper-V.
 342          *
 343          * → Second, try to detect from CPUID, this will report KVM for whatever software is used even if info in DMI is
 344          *   overwritten.
 345          *
 346          * → Third, try to detect from DMI. */
 347
 348         dmi = detect_vm_dmi();
 349         if (IN_SET(dmi, VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE, VIRTUALIZATION_XEN)) {
 350                 r = dmi;
 351                 goto finish;
 352         }
 353
 354         r = detect_vm_cpuid();
 355         if (r < 0)
 356                 return r;
 357         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 358                 other = true;
 359         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 360                 goto finish;
 361
 362         /* Now, let's get back to DMI */
 363         if (dmi < 0)
 364                 return dmi;
 365         if (dmi == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 366                 other = true;
 367         else if (dmi != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE) {
 368                 r = dmi;
 369                 goto finish;
 370         }
 371
 372         /* x86 xen will most likely be detected by cpuid. If not (most likely
 373          * because we're not an x86 guest), then we should try the /proc/xen
 374          * directory next. If that's not found, then we check for the high-level
 375          * hypervisor sysfs file.
 376          */
 377
 378         r = detect_vm_xen();
 379         if (r < 0)
 380                 return r;
 381         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 382                 other = true;
 383         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 384                 goto finish;
 385
 386         r = detect_vm_hypervisor();
 387         if (r < 0)
 388                 return r;
 389         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 390                 other = true;
 391         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 392                 goto finish;
 393
 394         r = detect_vm_device_tree();
 395         if (r < 0)
 396                 return r;
 397         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 398                 other = true;
 399         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 400                 goto finish;
 401
 402         r = detect_vm_uml();
 403         if (r < 0)
 404                 return r;
 405         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 406                 other = true;
 407         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 408                 goto finish;
 409
 410         r = detect_vm_zvm();
 411         if (r < 0)
 412                 return r;
 413
 414 finish:
 415         /* x86 xen Dom0 is detected as XEN in hypervisor and maybe others.
 416          * In order to detect the Dom0 as not virtualization we need to
 417          * double-check it */
 418         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_XEN) {
 419                 int dom0;
 420
 421                 dom0 = detect_vm_xen_dom0();
 422                 if (dom0 < 0)
 423                         return dom0;
 424                 if (dom0 > 0)
 425                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 426         } else if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE && other)
 427                 r = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 428
 429         cached_found = r;
 430         log_debug("Found VM virtualization %s", virtualization_to_string(r));
 431         return r;
 432 }
 433
 434 int detect_container(void) {
 435         static const struct {
 436                 const char *value;
 437                 int id;
 438         } value_table[] = {
 439                 { "lxc",            VIRTUALIZATION_LXC            },
 440                 { "lxc-libvirt",    VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT    },
 441                 { "systemd-nspawn", VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN },
 442                 { "docker",         VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER         },
 443                 { "podman",         VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN         },
 444                 { "rkt",            VIRTUALIZATION_RKT            },
 445                 { "wsl",            VIRTUALIZATION_WSL            },
 446         };
 447
 448         static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
 449         _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
 450         _cleanup_free_ char *o = NULL;
 451         const char *e = NULL;
 452         unsigned j;
 453         int r;
 454
 455         if (cached_found >= 0)
 456                 return cached_found;
 457
 458         /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container, /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
 459         if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
 460             access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
 461                 r = VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ;
 462                 goto finish;
 463         }
 464
 465         /* "Official" way of detecting WSL https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/423#issuecomment-221627364 */
 466         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease", &o);
 467         if (r >= 0) {
 468                 if (strstr(o, "Microsoft") || strstr(o, "WSL")) {
 469                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_WSL;
 470                         goto finish;
 471                 }
 472         }
 473
 474         if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
 475                 /* If we are PID 1 we can just check our own environment variable, and that's authoritative.
 476                  * We distinguish three cases:
 477                  * - the variable is not defined → we jump to other checks
 478                  * - the variable is defined to an empty value → we are not in a container
 479                  * - anything else → some container, either one of the known ones or "container-other"
 480                  */
 481                 e = getenv("container");
 482                 if (!e)
 483                         goto check_sched;
 484                 if (isempty(e)) {
 485                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 486                         goto finish;
 487                 }
 488
 489                 goto translate_name;
 490         }
 491
 492         /* Otherwise, PID 1 might have dropped this information into a file in /run. This is better than accessing
 493          * /proc/1/environ, since we don't need CAP_SYS_PTRACE for that. */
 494         r = read_one_line_file("/run/systemd/container", &m);
 495         if (r > 0) {
 496                 e = m;
 497                 goto translate_name;
 498         }
 499         if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
 500                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/systemd/container: %m");
 501
 502         /* Fallback for cases where PID 1 was not systemd (for example, cases where init=/bin/sh is used. */
 503         r = getenv_for_pid(1, "container", &m);
 504         if (r > 0) {
 505                 e = m;
 506                 goto translate_name;
 507         }
 508         if (r < 0) /* This only works if we have CAP_SYS_PTRACE, hence let's better ignore failures here */
 509                 log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read $container of PID 1, ignoring: %m");
 510
 511         /* Interestingly /proc/1/sched actually shows the host's PID for what we see as PID 1. If the PID
 512          * shown there is not 1, we know we are in a PID namespace and hence a container. */
 513  check_sched:
 514         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/1/sched", &m);
 515         if (r >= 0) {
 516                 const char *t;
 517
 518                 t = strrchr(m, '(');
 519                 if (!t)
 520                         return -EIO;
 521
 522                 if (!startswith(t, "(1,")) {
 523                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
 524                         goto finish;
 525                 }
 526         } else if (r != -ENOENT)
 527                 return r;
 528
 529         /* If that didn't work, give up, assume no container manager. */
 530         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 531         goto finish;
 532
 533 translate_name:
 534         for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(value_table); j++)
 535                 if (streq(e, value_table[j].value)) {
 536                         r = value_table[j].id;
 537                         goto finish;
 538                 }
 539
 540         r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
 541
 542 finish:
 543         log_debug("Found container virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(r));
 544         cached_found = r;
 545         return r;
 546 }
 547
 548 int detect_virtualization(void) {
 549         int r;
 550
 551         r = detect_container();
 552         if (r == 0)
 553                 r = detect_vm();
 554
 555         return r;
 556 }
 557
 558 static int userns_has_mapping(const char *name) {
 559         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 560         _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
 561         size_t n_allocated = 0;
 562         ssize_t n;
 563         uint32_t a, b, c;
 564         int r;
 565
 566         f = fopen(name, "re");
 567         if (!f) {
 568                 log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", name);
 569                 return errno == ENOENT ? false : -errno;
 570         }
 571
 572         n = getline(&buf, &n_allocated, f);
 573         if (n < 0) {
 574                 if (feof(f)) {
 575                         log_debug("%s is empty, we're in an uninitialized user namespace", name);
 576                         return true;
 577                 }
 578
 579                 return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to read %s: %m", name);
 580         }
 581
 582         r = sscanf(buf, "%"PRIu32" %"PRIu32" %"PRIu32, &a, &b, &c);
 583         if (r < 3)
 584                 return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to parse %s: %m", name);
 585
 586         if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == UINT32_MAX) {
 587                 /* The kernel calls mappings_overlap() and does not allow overlaps */
 588                 log_debug("%s has a full 1:1 mapping", name);
 589                 return false;
 590         }
 591
 592         /* Anything else implies that we are in a user namespace */
 593         log_debug("Mapping found in %s, we're in a user namespace", name);
 594         return true;
 595 }
 596
 597 int running_in_userns(void) {
 598         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 599         int r;
 600
 601         r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/uid_map");
 602         if (r != 0)
 603                 return r;
 604
 605         r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/gid_map");
 606         if (r != 0)
 607                 return r;
 608
 609         /* "setgroups" file was added in kernel v3.18-rc6-15-g9cc46516dd. It is also
 610          * possible to compile a kernel without CONFIG_USER_NS, in which case "setgroups"
 611          * also does not exist. We cannot distinguish those two cases, so assume that
 612          * we're running on a stripped-down recent kernel, rather than on an old one,
 613          * and if the file is not found, return false.
 614          */
 615         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/setgroups", &line);
 616         if (r < 0) {
 617                 log_debug_errno(r, "/proc/self/setgroups: %m");
 618                 return r == -ENOENT ? false : r;
 619         }
 620
 621         truncate_nl(line);
 622         r = streq(line, "deny");
 623         /* See user_namespaces(7) for a description of this "setgroups" contents. */
 624         log_debug("/proc/self/setgroups contains \"%s\", %s user namespace", line, r ? "in" : "not in");
 625         return r;
 626 }
 627
 628 int running_in_chroot(void) {
 629         int r;
 630
 631         if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT") > 0)
 632                 return 0;
 633
 634         r = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/", 0);
 635         if (r < 0)
 636                 return r;
 637
 638         return r == 0;
 639 }
 640
 641 static const char *const virtualization_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
 642         [VIRTUALIZATION_NONE] = "none",
 643         [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM] = "kvm",
 644         [VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU] = "qemu",
 645         [VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS] = "bochs",
 646         [VIRTUALIZATION_XEN] = "xen",
 647         [VIRTUALIZATION_UML] = "uml",
 648         [VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE] = "vmware",
 649         [VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE] = "oracle",
 650         [VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT] = "microsoft",
 651         [VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM] = "zvm",
 652         [VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS] = "parallels",
 653         [VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE] = "bhyve",
 654         [VIRTUALIZATION_QNX] = "qnx",
 655         [VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN] = "acrn",
 656         [VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER] = "vm-other",
 657
 658         [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN] = "systemd-nspawn",
 659         [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT] = "lxc-libvirt",
 660         [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC] = "lxc",
 661         [VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ] = "openvz",
 662         [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER] = "docker",
 663         [VIRTUALIZATION_PODMAN] = "podman",
 664         [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT] = "rkt",
 665         [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL] = "wsl",
 666         [VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER] = "container-other",
 667 };
 668
 669 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(virtualization, int);