src/shared/bus-util.c

   1 /***
   2   This file is part of systemd.
   3
   4   Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
   5
   6   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
   8   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
   9   (at your option) any later version.
  10
  11   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  12   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  14   Lesser General Public License for more details.
  15
  16   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  17   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  18 ***/
  19
  20 #include <errno.h>
  21 #include <fcntl.h>
  22 #include <inttypes.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <stdlib.h>
  25 #include <string.h>
  26 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  27 #include <sys/resource.h>
  28 #include <sys/socket.h>
  29 #include <unistd.h>
  30
  31 #include "sd-bus-protocol.h"
  32 #include "sd-bus.h"
  33 #include "sd-daemon.h"
  34 #include "sd-event.h"
  35 #include "sd-id128.h"
  36
  37 #include "alloc-util.h"
  38 #include "bus-internal.h"
  39 #include "bus-label.h"
  40 #include "bus-message.h"
  41 #include "bus-util.h"
  42 #include "def.h"
  43 #include "escape.h"
  44 #include "fd-util.h"
  45 #include "missing.h"
  46 #include "nsflags.h"
  47 #include "parse-util.h"
  48 #include "proc-cmdline.h"
  49 #include "rlimit-util.h"
  50 #include "stdio-util.h"
  51 #include "strv.h"
  52 #include "user-util.h"
  53
  54 static int name_owner_change_callback(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *ret_error) {
  55         sd_event *e = userdata;
  56
  57         assert(m);
  58         assert(e);
  59
  60         sd_bus_close(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
  61         sd_event_exit(e, 0);
  62
  63         return 1;
  64 }
  65
  66 int bus_async_unregister_and_exit(sd_event *e, sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
  67         _cleanup_free_ char *match = NULL;
  68         const char *unique;
  69         int r;
  70
  71         assert(e);
  72         assert(bus);
  73         assert(name);
  74
  75         /* We unregister the name here and then wait for the
  76          * NameOwnerChanged signal for this event to arrive before we
  77          * quit. We do this in order to make sure that any queued
  78          * requests are still processed before we really exit. */
  79
  80         r = sd_bus_get_unique_name(bus, &unique);
  81         if (r < 0)
  82                 return r;
  83
  84         r = asprintf(&match,
  85                      "sender='org.freedesktop.DBus',"
  86                      "type='signal',"
  87                      "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus',"
  88                      "member='NameOwnerChanged',"
  89                      "path='/org/freedesktop/DBus',"
  90                      "arg0='%s',"
  91                      "arg1='%s',"
  92                      "arg2=''", name, unique);
  93         if (r < 0)
  94                 return -ENOMEM;
  95
  96         r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, NULL, match, name_owner_change_callback, e);
  97         if (r < 0)
  98                 return r;
  99
 100         r = sd_bus_release_name(bus, name);
 101         if (r < 0)
 102                 return r;
 103
 104         return 0;
 105 }
 106
 107 int bus_event_loop_with_idle(
 108                 sd_event *e,
 109                 sd_bus *bus,
 110                 const char *name,
 111                 usec_t timeout,
 112                 check_idle_t check_idle,
 113                 void *userdata) {
 114         bool exiting = false;
 115         int r, code;
 116
 117         assert(e);
 118         assert(bus);
 119         assert(name);
 120
 121         for (;;) {
 122                 bool idle;
 123
 124                 r = sd_event_get_state(e);
 125                 if (r < 0)
 126                         return r;
 127                 if (r == SD_EVENT_FINISHED)
 128                         break;
 129
 130                 if (check_idle)
 131                         idle = check_idle(userdata);
 132                 else
 133                         idle = true;
 134
 135                 r = sd_event_run(e, exiting || !idle ? (uint64_t) -1 : timeout);
 136                 if (r < 0)
 137                         return r;
 138
 139                 if (r == 0 && !exiting && idle) {
 140
 141                         r = sd_bus_try_close(bus);
 142                         if (r == -EBUSY)
 143                                 continue;
 144
 145                         /* Fallback for dbus1 connections: we
 146                          * unregister the name and wait for the
 147                          * response to come through for it */
 148                         if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
 149
 150                                 /* Inform the service manager that we
 151                                  * are going down, so that it will
 152                                  * queue all further start requests,
 153                                  * instead of assuming we are already
 154                                  * running. */
 155                                 sd_notify(false, "STOPPING=1");
 156
 157                                 r = bus_async_unregister_and_exit(e, bus, name);
 158                                 if (r < 0)
 159                                         return r;
 160
 161                                 exiting = true;
 162                                 continue;
 163                         }
 164
 165                         if (r < 0)
 166                                 return r;
 167
 168                         sd_event_exit(e, 0);
 169                         break;
 170                 }
 171         }
 172
 173         r = sd_event_get_exit_code(e, &code);
 174         if (r < 0)
 175                 return r;
 176
 177         return code;
 178 }
 179
 180 int bus_name_has_owner(sd_bus *c, const char *name, sd_bus_error *error) {
 181         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *rep = NULL;
 182         int r, has_owner = 0;
 183
 184         assert(c);
 185         assert(name);
 186
 187         r = sd_bus_call_method(c,
 188                                "org.freedesktop.DBus",
 189                                "/org/freedesktop/dbus",
 190                                "org.freedesktop.DBus",
 191                                "NameHasOwner",
 192                                error,
 193                                &rep,
 194                                "s",
 195                                name);
 196         if (r < 0)
 197                 return r;
 198
 199         r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(rep, 'b', &has_owner);
 200         if (r < 0)
 201                 return sd_bus_error_set_errno(error, r);
 202
 203         return has_owner;
 204 }
 205
 206 static int check_good_user(sd_bus_message *m, uid_t good_user) {
 207         _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
 208         uid_t sender_uid;
 209         int r;
 210
 211         assert(m);
 212
 213         if (good_user == UID_INVALID)
 214                 return 0;
 215
 216         r = sd_bus_query_sender_creds(m, SD_BUS_CREDS_EUID, &creds);
 217         if (r < 0)
 218                 return r;
 219
 220         /* Don't trust augmented credentials for authorization */
 221         assert_return((sd_bus_creds_get_augmented_mask(creds) & SD_BUS_CREDS_EUID) == 0, -EPERM);
 222
 223         r = sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, &sender_uid);
 224         if (r < 0)
 225                 return r;
 226
 227         return sender_uid == good_user;
 228 }
 229
 230 int bus_test_polkit(
 231                 sd_bus_message *call,
 232                 int capability,
 233                 const char *action,
 234                 const char **details,
 235                 uid_t good_user,
 236                 bool *_challenge,
 237                 sd_bus_error *e) {
 238
 239         int r;
 240
 241         assert(call);
 242         assert(action);
 243
 244         /* Tests non-interactively! */
 245
 246         r = check_good_user(call, good_user);
 247         if (r != 0)
 248                 return r;
 249
 250         r = sd_bus_query_sender_privilege(call, capability);
 251         if (r < 0)
 252                 return r;
 253         else if (r > 0)
 254                 return 1;
 255 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 256         else {
 257                 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *request = NULL;
 258                 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
 259                 int authorized = false, challenge = false;
 260                 const char *sender, **k, **v;
 261
 262                 sender = sd_bus_message_get_sender(call);
 263                 if (!sender)
 264                         return -EBADMSG;
 265
 266                 r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
 267                                 call->bus,
 268                                 &request,
 269                                 "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1",
 270                                 "/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority",
 271                                 "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority",
 272                                 "CheckAuthorization");
 273                 if (r < 0)
 274                         return r;
 275
 276                 r = sd_bus_message_append(
 277                                 request,
 278                                 "(sa{sv})s",
 279                                 "system-bus-name", 1, "name", "s", sender,
 280                                 action);
 281                 if (r < 0)
 282                         return r;
 283
 284                 r = sd_bus_message_open_container(request, 'a', "{ss}");
 285                 if (r < 0)
 286                         return r;
 287
 288                 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, details) {
 289                         r = sd_bus_message_append(request, "{ss}", *k, *v);
 290                         if (r < 0)
 291                                 return r;
 292                 }
 293
 294                 r = sd_bus_message_close_container(request);
 295                 if (r < 0)
 296                         return r;
 297
 298                 r = sd_bus_message_append(request, "us", 0, NULL);
 299                 if (r < 0)
 300                         return r;
 301
 302                 r = sd_bus_call(call->bus, request, 0, e, &reply);
 303                 if (r < 0) {
 304                         /* Treat no PK available as access denied */
 305                         if (sd_bus_error_has_name(e, SD_BUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN)) {
 306                                 sd_bus_error_free(e);
 307                                 return -EACCES;
 308                         }
 309
 310                         return r;
 311                 }
 312
 313                 r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'r', "bba{ss}");
 314                 if (r < 0)
 315                         return r;
 316
 317                 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "bb", &authorized, &challenge);
 318                 if (r < 0)
 319                         return r;
 320
 321                 if (authorized)
 322                         return 1;
 323
 324                 if (_challenge) {
 325                         *_challenge = challenge;
 326                         return 0;
 327                 }
 328         }
 329 #endif
 330
 331         return -EACCES;
 332 }
 333
 334 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 335
 336 typedef struct AsyncPolkitQuery {
 337         sd_bus_message *request, *reply;
 338         sd_bus_message_handler_t callback;
 339         void *userdata;
 340         sd_bus_slot *slot;
 341         Hashmap *registry;
 342 } AsyncPolkitQuery;
 343
 344 static void async_polkit_query_free(AsyncPolkitQuery *q) {
 345
 346         if (!q)
 347                 return;
 348
 349         sd_bus_slot_unref(q->slot);
 350
 351         if (q->registry && q->request)
 352                 hashmap_remove(q->registry, q->request);
 353
 354         sd_bus_message_unref(q->request);
 355         sd_bus_message_unref(q->reply);
 356
 357         free(q);
 358 }
 359
 360 static int async_polkit_callback(sd_bus_message *reply, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
 361         _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error_buffer = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
 362         AsyncPolkitQuery *q = userdata;
 363         int r;
 364
 365         assert(reply);
 366         assert(q);
 367
 368         q->slot = sd_bus_slot_unref(q->slot);
 369         q->reply = sd_bus_message_ref(reply);
 370
 371         r = sd_bus_message_rewind(q->request, true);
 372         if (r < 0) {
 373                 r = sd_bus_reply_method_errno(q->request, r, NULL);
 374                 goto finish;
 375         }
 376
 377         r = q->callback(q->request, q->userdata, &error_buffer);
 378         r = bus_maybe_reply_error(q->request, r, &error_buffer);
 379
 380 finish:
 381         async_polkit_query_free(q);
 382
 383         return r;
 384 }
 385
 386 #endif
 387
 388 int bus_verify_polkit_async(
 389                 sd_bus_message *call,
 390                 int capability,
 391                 const char *action,
 392                 const char **details,
 393                 bool interactive,
 394                 uid_t good_user,
 395                 Hashmap **registry,
 396                 sd_bus_error *error) {
 397
 398 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 399         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *pk = NULL;
 400         AsyncPolkitQuery *q;
 401         const char *sender, **k, **v;
 402         sd_bus_message_handler_t callback;
 403         void *userdata;
 404         int c;
 405 #endif
 406         int r;
 407
 408         assert(call);
 409         assert(action);
 410         assert(registry);
 411
 412         r = check_good_user(call, good_user);
 413         if (r != 0)
 414                 return r;
 415
 416 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 417         q = hashmap_get(*registry, call);
 418         if (q) {
 419                 int authorized, challenge;
 420
 421                 /* This is the second invocation of this function, and
 422                  * there's already a response from polkit, let's
 423                  * process it */
 424                 assert(q->reply);
 425
 426                 if (sd_bus_message_is_method_error(q->reply, NULL)) {
 427                         const sd_bus_error *e;
 428
 429                         /* Copy error from polkit reply */
 430                         e = sd_bus_message_get_error(q->reply);
 431                         sd_bus_error_copy(error, e);
 432
 433                         /* Treat no PK available as access denied */
 434                         if (sd_bus_error_has_name(e, SD_BUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
 435                                 return -EACCES;
 436
 437                         return -sd_bus_error_get_errno(e);
 438                 }
 439
 440                 r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(q->reply, 'r', "bba{ss}");
 441                 if (r >= 0)
 442                         r = sd_bus_message_read(q->reply, "bb", &authorized, &challenge);
 443
 444                 if (r < 0)
 445                         return r;
 446
 447                 if (authorized)
 448                         return 1;
 449
 450                 if (challenge)
 451                         return sd_bus_error_set(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION_REQUIRED, "Interactive authentication required.");
 452
 453                 return -EACCES;
 454         }
 455 #endif
 456
 457         r = sd_bus_query_sender_privilege(call, capability);
 458         if (r < 0)
 459                 return r;
 460         else if (r > 0)
 461                 return 1;
 462
 463 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 464         if (sd_bus_get_current_message(call->bus) != call)
 465                 return -EINVAL;
 466
 467         callback = sd_bus_get_current_handler(call->bus);
 468         if (!callback)
 469                 return -EINVAL;
 470
 471         userdata = sd_bus_get_current_userdata(call->bus);
 472
 473         sender = sd_bus_message_get_sender(call);
 474         if (!sender)
 475                 return -EBADMSG;
 476
 477         c = sd_bus_message_get_allow_interactive_authorization(call);
 478         if (c < 0)
 479                 return c;
 480         if (c > 0)
 481                 interactive = true;
 482
 483         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(registry, NULL);
 484         if (r < 0)
 485                 return r;
 486
 487         r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
 488                         call->bus,
 489                         &pk,
 490                         "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1",
 491                         "/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority",
 492                         "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority",
 493                         "CheckAuthorization");
 494         if (r < 0)
 495                 return r;
 496
 497         r = sd_bus_message_append(
 498                         pk,
 499                         "(sa{sv})s",
 500                         "system-bus-name", 1, "name", "s", sender,
 501                         action);
 502         if (r < 0)
 503                 return r;
 504
 505         r = sd_bus_message_open_container(pk, 'a', "{ss}");
 506         if (r < 0)
 507                 return r;
 508
 509         STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, details) {
 510                 r = sd_bus_message_append(pk, "{ss}", *k, *v);
 511                 if (r < 0)
 512                         return r;
 513         }
 514
 515         r = sd_bus_message_close_container(pk);
 516         if (r < 0)
 517                 return r;
 518
 519         r = sd_bus_message_append(pk, "us", !!interactive, NULL);
 520         if (r < 0)
 521                 return r;
 522
 523         q = new0(AsyncPolkitQuery, 1);
 524         if (!q)
 525                 return -ENOMEM;
 526
 527         q->request = sd_bus_message_ref(call);
 528         q->callback = callback;
 529         q->userdata = userdata;
 530
 531         r = hashmap_put(*registry, call, q);
 532         if (r < 0) {
 533                 async_polkit_query_free(q);
 534                 return r;
 535         }
 536
 537         q->registry = *registry;
 538
 539         r = sd_bus_call_async(call->bus, &q->slot, pk, async_polkit_callback, q, 0);
 540         if (r < 0) {
 541                 async_polkit_query_free(q);
 542                 return r;
 543         }
 544
 545         return 0;
 546 #endif
 547
 548         return -EACCES;
 549 }
 550
 551 void bus_verify_polkit_async_registry_free(Hashmap *registry) {
 552 #ifdef ENABLE_POLKIT
 553         AsyncPolkitQuery *q;
 554
 555         while ((q = hashmap_steal_first(registry)))
 556                 async_polkit_query_free(q);
 557
 558         hashmap_free(registry);
 559 #endif
 560 }
 561
 562 int bus_check_peercred(sd_bus *c) {
 563         struct ucred ucred;
 564         socklen_t l;
 565         int fd;
 566
 567         assert(c);
 568
 569         fd = sd_bus_get_fd(c);
 570         if (fd < 0)
 571                 return fd;
 572
 573         l = sizeof(struct ucred);
 574         if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &ucred, &l) < 0)
 575                 return -errno;
 576
 577         if (l != sizeof(struct ucred))
 578                 return -E2BIG;
 579
 580         if (ucred.uid != 0 && ucred.uid != geteuid())
 581                 return -EPERM;
 582
 583         return 1;
 584 }
 585
 586 int bus_connect_system_systemd(sd_bus **_bus) {
 587         _cleanup_(sd_bus_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
 588         int r;
 589
 590         assert(_bus);
 591
 592         if (geteuid() != 0)
 593                 return sd_bus_default_system(_bus);
 594
 595         /* If we are root then let's talk directly to the system
 596          * instance, instead of going via the bus */
 597
 598         r = sd_bus_new(&bus);
 599         if (r < 0)
 600                 return r;
 601
 602         r = sd_bus_set_address(bus, "unix:path=/run/systemd/private");
 603         if (r < 0)
 604                 return r;
 605
 606         r = sd_bus_start(bus);
 607         if (r < 0)
 608                 return sd_bus_default_system(_bus);
 609
 610         r = bus_check_peercred(bus);
 611         if (r < 0)
 612                 return r;
 613
 614         *_bus = bus;
 615         bus = NULL;
 616
 617         return 0;
 618 }
 619
 620 int bus_connect_user_systemd(sd_bus **_bus) {
 621         _cleanup_(sd_bus_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
 622         _cleanup_free_ char *ee = NULL;
 623         const char *e;
 624         int r;
 625
 626         assert(_bus);
 627
 628         e = secure_getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
 629         if (!e)
 630                 return sd_bus_default_user(_bus);
 631
 632         ee = bus_address_escape(e);
 633         if (!ee)
 634                 return -ENOMEM;
 635
 636         r = sd_bus_new(&bus);
 637         if (r < 0)
 638                 return r;
 639
 640         bus->address = strjoin("unix:path=", ee, "/systemd/private");
 641         if (!bus->address)
 642                 return -ENOMEM;
 643
 644         r = sd_bus_start(bus);
 645         if (r < 0)
 646                 return sd_bus_default_user(_bus);
 647
 648         r = bus_check_peercred(bus);
 649         if (r < 0)
 650                 return r;
 651
 652         *_bus = bus;
 653         bus = NULL;
 654
 655         return 0;
 656 }
 657
 658 #define print_property(name, fmt, ...)                                  \
 659         do {                                                            \
 660                 if (value)                                              \
 661                         printf(fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                  \
 662                 else                                                    \
 663                         printf("%s=" fmt "\n", name, __VA_ARGS__);      \
 664         } while(0)
 665
 666 int bus_print_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *property, bool value, bool all) {
 667         char type;
 668         const char *contents;
 669         int r;
 670
 671         assert(name);
 672         assert(property);
 673
 674         r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(property, &type, &contents);
 675         if (r < 0)
 676                 return r;
 677
 678         switch (type) {
 679
 680         case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING: {
 681                 const char *s;
 682
 683                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &s);
 684                 if (r < 0)
 685                         return r;
 686
 687                 if (all || !isempty(s)) {
 688                         bool good;
 689
 690                         /* This property has a single value, so we need to take
 691                          * care not to print a new line, everything else is OK. */
 692                         good = !strchr(s, '\n');
 693                         print_property(name, "%s", good ? s : "[unprintable]");
 694                 }
 695
 696                 return 1;
 697         }
 698
 699         case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
 700                 int b;
 701
 702                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &b);
 703                 if (r < 0)
 704                         return r;
 705
 706                 print_property(name, "%s", yes_no(b));
 707
 708                 return 1;
 709         }
 710
 711         case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
 712                 uint64_t u;
 713
 714                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &u);
 715                 if (r < 0)
 716                         return r;
 717
 718                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
 719                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
 720
 721                 if (endswith(name, "Timestamp")) {
 722                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
 723
 724                         t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u);
 725                         if (t || all)
 726                                 print_property(name, "%s", strempty(t));
 727
 728                 } else if (strstr(name, "USec")) {
 729                         char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
 730
 731                         print_property(name, "%s", format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u, 0));
 732                 } else if (streq(name, "RestrictNamespaces")) {
 733                         _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
 734                         const char *result = NULL;
 735
 736                         if ((u & NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL) == 0)
 737                                 result = "yes";
 738                         else if ((u & NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL) == NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL)
 739                                 result = "no";
 740                         else {
 741                                 r = namespace_flag_to_string_many(u, &s);
 742                                 if (r < 0)
 743                                         return r;
 744
 745                                 result = s;
 746                         }
 747
 748                         print_property(name, "%s", result);
 749                 } else
 750                         print_property(name, "%"PRIu64, u);
 751
 752                 return 1;
 753         }
 754
 755         case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64: {
 756                 int64_t i;
 757
 758                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &i);
 759                 if (r < 0)
 760                         return r;
 761
 762                 print_property(name, "%"PRIi64, i);
 763
 764                 return 1;
 765         }
 766
 767         case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
 768                 uint32_t u;
 769
 770                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &u);
 771                 if (r < 0)
 772                         return r;
 773
 774                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
 775                         print_property(name, "%04o", u);
 776                 else
 777                         print_property(name, "%"PRIu32, u);
 778
 779                 return 1;
 780         }
 781
 782         case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32: {
 783                 int32_t i;
 784
 785                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &i);
 786                 if (r < 0)
 787                         return r;
 788
 789                 print_property(name, "%"PRIi32, i);
 790                 return 1;
 791         }
 792
 793         case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
 794                 double d;
 795
 796                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, type, &d);
 797                 if (r < 0)
 798                         return r;
 799
 800                 print_property(name, "%g", d);
 801                 return 1;
 802         }
 803
 804         case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
 805                 if (streq(contents, "s")) {
 806                         bool first = true;
 807                         const char *str;
 808
 809                         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(property, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, contents);
 810                         if (r < 0)
 811                                 return r;
 812
 813                         while ((r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(property, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &str)) > 0) {
 814                                 bool good;
 815
 816                                 if (first && !value)
 817                                         printf("%s=", name);
 818
 819                                 /* This property has multiple space-seperated values, so
 820                                  * neither spaces not newlines can be allowed in a value. */
 821                                 good = str[strcspn(str, " \n")] == '\0';
 822
 823                                 printf("%s%s", first ? "" : " ", good ? str : "[unprintable]");
 824
 825                                 first = false;
 826                         }
 827                         if (r < 0)
 828                                 return r;
 829
 830                         if (first && all && !value)
 831                                 printf("%s=", name);
 832                         if (!first || all)
 833                                 puts("");
 834
 835                         r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(property);
 836                         if (r < 0)
 837                                 return r;
 838
 839                         return 1;
 840
 841                 } else if (streq(contents, "y")) {
 842                         const uint8_t *u;
 843                         size_t n;
 844
 845                         r = sd_bus_message_read_array(property, SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, (const void**) &u, &n);
 846                         if (r < 0)
 847                                 return r;
 848
 849                         if (all || n > 0) {
 850                                 unsigned int i;
 851
 852                                 if (!value)
 853                                         printf("%s=", name);
 854
 855                                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 856                                         printf("%02x", u[i]);
 857
 858                                 puts("");
 859                         }
 860
 861                         return 1;
 862
 863                 } else if (streq(contents, "u")) {
 864                         uint32_t *u;
 865                         size_t n;
 866
 867                         r = sd_bus_message_read_array(property, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32, (const void**) &u, &n);
 868                         if (r < 0)
 869                                 return r;
 870
 871                         if (all || n > 0) {
 872                                 unsigned int i;
 873
 874                                 if (!value)
 875                                         printf("%s=", name);
 876
 877                                 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 878                                         printf("%08x", u[i]);
 879
 880                                 puts("");
 881                         }
 882
 883                         return 1;
 884                 }
 885
 886                 break;
 887         }
 888
 889         return 0;
 890 }
 891
 892 int bus_print_all_properties(sd_bus *bus, const char *dest, const char *path, char **filter, bool value, bool all) {
 893         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
 894         _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
 895         int r;
 896
 897         assert(bus);
 898         assert(path);
 899
 900         r = sd_bus_call_method(bus,
 901                         dest,
 902                         path,
 903                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 904                         "GetAll",
 905                         &error,
 906                         &reply,
 907                         "s", "");
 908         if (r < 0)
 909                 return r;
 910
 911         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}");
 912         if (r < 0)
 913                 return r;
 914
 915         while ((r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, "sv")) > 0) {
 916                 const char *name;
 917                 const char *contents;
 918
 919                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &name);
 920                 if (r < 0)
 921                         return r;
 922
 923                 if (!filter || strv_find(filter, name)) {
 924                         r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(reply, NULL, &contents);
 925                         if (r < 0)
 926                                 return r;
 927
 928                         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, contents);
 929                         if (r < 0)
 930                                 return r;
 931
 932                         r = bus_print_property(name, reply, value, all);
 933                         if (r < 0)
 934                                 return r;
 935                         if (r == 0) {
 936                                 if (all)
 937                                         printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
 938                                 /* skip what we didn't read */
 939                                 r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, contents);
 940                                 if (r < 0)
 941                                         return r;
 942                         }
 943
 944                         r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
 945                         if (r < 0)
 946                                 return r;
 947                 } else {
 948                         r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "v");
 949                         if (r < 0)
 950                                 return r;
 951                 }
 952
 953                 r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
 954                 if (r < 0)
 955                         return r;
 956         }
 957         if (r < 0)
 958                 return r;
 959
 960         r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
 961         if (r < 0)
 962                 return r;
 963
 964         return 0;
 965 }
 966
 967 int bus_map_id128(sd_bus *bus, const char *member, sd_bus_message *m, sd_bus_error *error, void *userdata) {
 968         sd_id128_t *p = userdata;
 969         const void *v;
 970         size_t n;
 971         int r;
 972
 973         r = sd_bus_message_read_array(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, &v, &n);
 974         if (r < 0)
 975                 return r;
 976
 977         if (n == 0)
 978                 *p = SD_ID128_NULL;
 979         else if (n == 16)
 980                 memcpy((*p).bytes, v, n);
 981         else
 982                 return -EINVAL;
 983
 984         return 0;
 985 }
 986
 987 static int map_basic(sd_bus *bus, const char *member, sd_bus_message *m, sd_bus_error *error, void *userdata) {
 988         char type;
 989         int r;
 990
 991         r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, &type, NULL);
 992         if (r < 0)
 993                 return r;
 994
 995         switch (type) {
 996
 997         case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING: {
 998                 char **p = userdata;
 999                 const char *s;
1000
1001                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &s);
1002                 if (r < 0)
1003                         return r;
1004
1005                 if (isempty(s))
1006                         s = NULL;
1007
1008                 return free_and_strdup(p, s);
1009         }
1010
1011         case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
1012                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
1013                 char ***p = userdata;
1014
1015                 r = bus_message_read_strv_extend(m, &l);
1016                 if (r < 0)
1017                         return r;
1018
1019                 strv_free(*p);
1020                 *p = l;
1021                 l = NULL;
1022                 return 0;
1023         }
1024
1025         case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1026                 unsigned b;
1027                 int *p = userdata;
1028
1029                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &b);
1030                 if (r < 0)
1031                         return r;
1032
1033                 *p = b;
1034                 return 0;
1035         }
1036
1037         case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
1038         case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
1039                 uint32_t u, *p = userdata;
1040
1041                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &u);
1042                 if (r < 0)
1043                         return r;
1044
1045                 *p = u;
1046                 return 0;
1047         }
1048
1049         case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
1050         case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
1051                 uint64_t t, *p = userdata;
1052
1053                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &t);
1054                 if (r < 0)
1055                         return r;
1056
1057                 *p = t;
1058                 return 0;
1059         }
1060
1061         case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
1062                 double d, *p = userdata;
1063
1064                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &d);
1065                 if (r < 0)
1066                         return r;
1067
1068                 *p = d;
1069                 return 0;
1070         }}
1071
1072         return -EOPNOTSUPP;
1073 }
1074
1075 int bus_message_map_all_properties(
1076                 sd_bus_message *m,
1077                 const struct bus_properties_map *map,
1078                 sd_bus_error *error,
1079                 void *userdata) {
1080
1081         int r;
1082
1083         assert(m);
1084         assert(map);
1085
1086         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}");
1087         if (r < 0)
1088                 return r;
1089
1090         while ((r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, "sv")) > 0) {
1091                 const struct bus_properties_map *prop;
1092                 const char *member;
1093                 const char *contents;
1094                 void *v;
1095                 unsigned i;
1096
1097                 r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &member);
1098                 if (r < 0)
1099                         return r;
1100
1101                 for (i = 0, prop = NULL; map[i].member; i++)
1102                         if (streq(map[i].member, member)) {
1103                                 prop = &map[i];
1104                                 break;
1105                         }
1106
1107                 if (prop) {
1108                         r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, NULL, &contents);
1109                         if (r < 0)
1110                                 return r;
1111
1112                         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, contents);
1113                         if (r < 0)
1114                                 return r;
1115
1116                         v = (uint8_t *)userdata + prop->offset;
1117                         if (map[i].set)
1118                                 r = prop->set(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m), member, m, error, v);
1119                         else
1120                                 r = map_basic(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m), member, m, error, v);
1121                         if (r < 0)
1122                                 return r;
1123
1124                         r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
1125                         if (r < 0)
1126                                 return r;
1127                 } else {
1128                         r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, "v");
1129                         if (r < 0)
1130                                 return r;
1131                 }
1132
1133                 r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
1134                 if (r < 0)
1135                         return r;
1136         }
1137         if (r < 0)
1138                 return r;
1139
1140         return sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
1141 }
1142
1143 int bus_message_map_properties_changed(
1144                 sd_bus_message *m,
1145                 const struct bus_properties_map *map,
1146                 sd_bus_error *error,
1147                 void *userdata) {
1148
1149         const char *member;
1150         int r, invalidated, i;
1151
1152         assert(m);
1153         assert(map);
1154
1155         r = bus_message_map_all_properties(m, map, error, userdata);
1156         if (r < 0)
1157                 return r;
1158
1159         r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s");
1160         if (r < 0)
1161                 return r;
1162
1163         invalidated = 0;
1164         while ((r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &member)) > 0)
1165                 for (i = 0; map[i].member; i++)
1166                         if (streq(map[i].member, member)) {
1167                                 ++invalidated;
1168                                 break;
1169                         }
1170         if (r < 0)
1171                 return r;
1172
1173         r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
1174         if (r < 0)
1175                 return r;
1176
1177         return invalidated;
1178 }
1179
1180 int bus_map_all_properties(
1181                 sd_bus *bus,
1182                 const char *destination,
1183                 const char *path,
1184                 const struct bus_properties_map *map,
1185                 sd_bus_error *error,
1186                 void *userdata) {
1187
1188         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
1189         int r;
1190
1191         assert(bus);
1192         assert(destination);
1193         assert(path);
1194         assert(map);
1195
1196         r = sd_bus_call_method(
1197                         bus,
1198                         destination,
1199                         path,
1200                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1201                         "GetAll",
1202                         error,
1203                         &m,
1204                         "s", "");
1205         if (r < 0)
1206                 return r;
1207
1208         return bus_message_map_all_properties(m, map, error, userdata);
1209 }
1210
1211 int bus_connect_transport(BusTransport transport, const char *host, bool user, sd_bus **ret) {
1212         _cleanup_(sd_bus_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1213         int r;
1214
1215         assert(transport >= 0);
1216         assert(transport < _BUS_TRANSPORT_MAX);
1217         assert(ret);
1218
1219         assert_return((transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) == !host, -EINVAL);
1220         assert_return(transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || !user, -EOPNOTSUPP);
1221
1222         switch (transport) {
1223
1224         case BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL:
1225                 if (user)
1226                         r = sd_bus_default_user(&bus);
1227                 else
1228                         r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
1229
1230                 break;
1231
1232         case BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE:
1233                 r = sd_bus_open_system_remote(&bus, host);
1234                 break;
1235
1236         case BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE:
1237                 r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(&bus, host);
1238                 break;
1239
1240         default:
1241                 assert_not_reached("Hmm, unknown transport type.");
1242         }
1243         if (r < 0)
1244                 return r;
1245
1246         r = sd_bus_set_exit_on_disconnect(bus, true);
1247         if (r < 0)
1248                 return r;
1249
1250         *ret = bus;
1251         bus = NULL;
1252
1253         return 0;
1254 }
1255
1256 int bus_connect_transport_systemd(BusTransport transport, const char *host, bool user, sd_bus **bus) {
1257         int r;
1258
1259         assert(transport >= 0);
1260         assert(transport < _BUS_TRANSPORT_MAX);
1261         assert(bus);
1262
1263         assert_return((transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) == !host, -EINVAL);
1264         assert_return(transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL || !user, -EOPNOTSUPP);
1265
1266         switch (transport) {
1267
1268         case BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL:
1269                 if (user)
1270                         r = bus_connect_user_systemd(bus);
1271                 else
1272                         r = bus_connect_system_systemd(bus);
1273
1274                 break;
1275
1276         case BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE:
1277                 r = sd_bus_open_system_remote(bus, host);
1278                 break;
1279
1280         case BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE:
1281                 r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(bus, host);
1282                 break;
1283
1284         default:
1285                 assert_not_reached("Hmm, unknown transport type.");
1286         }
1287
1288         return r;
1289 }
1290
1291 int bus_property_get_bool(
1292                 sd_bus *bus,
1293                 const char *path,
1294                 const char *interface,
1295                 const char *property,
1296                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1297                 void *userdata,
1298                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1299
1300         int b = *(bool*) userdata;
1301
1302         return sd_bus_message_append_basic(reply, 'b', &b);
1303 }
1304
1305 int bus_property_get_id128(
1306                 sd_bus *bus,
1307                 const char *path,
1308                 const char *interface,
1309                 const char *property,
1310                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1311                 void *userdata,
1312                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1313
1314         sd_id128_t *id = userdata;
1315
1316         if (sd_id128_is_null(*id)) /* Add an empty array if the ID is zero */
1317                 return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "ay", 0);
1318         else
1319                 return sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'y', id->bytes, 16);
1320 }
1321
1322 #if __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ != 8
1323 int bus_property_get_size(
1324                 sd_bus *bus,
1325                 const char *path,
1326                 const char *interface,
1327                 const char *property,
1328                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1329                 void *userdata,
1330                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1331
1332         uint64_t sz = *(size_t*) userdata;
1333
1334         return sd_bus_message_append_basic(reply, 't', &sz);
1335 }
1336 #endif
1337
1338 #if __SIZEOF_LONG__ != 8
1339 int bus_property_get_long(
1340                 sd_bus *bus,
1341                 const char *path,
1342                 const char *interface,
1343                 const char *property,
1344                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1345                 void *userdata,
1346                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1347
1348         int64_t l = *(long*) userdata;
1349
1350         return sd_bus_message_append_basic(reply, 'x', &l);
1351 }
1352
1353 int bus_property_get_ulong(
1354                 sd_bus *bus,
1355                 const char *path,
1356                 const char *interface,
1357                 const char *property,
1358                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1359                 void *userdata,
1360                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1361
1362         uint64_t ul = *(unsigned long*) userdata;
1363
1364         return sd_bus_message_append_basic(reply, 't', &ul);
1365 }
1366 #endif
1367
1368 int bus_log_parse_error(int r) {
1369         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse bus message: %m");
1370 }
1371
1372 int bus_log_create_error(int r) {
1373         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus message: %m");
1374 }
1375
1376 /**
1377  * bus_path_encode_unique() - encode unique object path
1378  * @b: bus connection or NULL
1379  * @prefix: object path prefix
1380  * @sender_id: unique-name of client, or NULL
1381  * @external_id: external ID to be chosen by client, or NULL
1382  * @ret_path: storage for encoded object path pointer
1383  *
1384  * Whenever we provide a bus API that allows clients to create and manage
1385  * server-side objects, we need to provide a unique name for these objects. If
1386  * we let the server choose the name, we suffer from a race condition: If a
1387  * client creates an object asynchronously, it cannot destroy that object until
1388  * it received the method reply. It cannot know the name of the new object,
1389  * thus, it cannot destroy it. Furthermore, it enforces a round-trip.
1390  *
1391  * Therefore, many APIs allow the client to choose the unique name for newly
1392  * created objects. There're two problems to solve, though:
1393  *    1) Object names are usually defined via dbus object paths, which are
1394  *       usually globally namespaced. Therefore, multiple clients must be able
1395  *       to choose unique object names without interference.
1396  *    2) If multiple libraries share the same bus connection, they must be
1397  *       able to choose unique object names without interference.
1398  * The first problem is solved easily by prefixing a name with the
1399  * unique-bus-name of a connection. The server side must enforce this and
1400  * reject any other name. The second problem is solved by providing unique
1401  * suffixes from within sd-bus.
1402  *
1403  * This helper allows clients to create unique object-paths. It uses the
1404  * template '/prefix/sender_id/external_id' and returns the new path in
1405  * @ret_path (must be freed by the caller).
1406  * If @sender_id is NULL, the unique-name of @b is used. If @external_id is
1407  * NULL, this function allocates a unique suffix via @b (by requesting a new
1408  * cookie). If both @sender_id and @external_id are given, @b can be passed as
1409  * NULL.
1410  *
1411  * Returns: 0 on success, negative error code on failure.
1412  */
1413 int bus_path_encode_unique(sd_bus *b, const char *prefix, const char *sender_id, const char *external_id, char **ret_path) {
1414         _cleanup_free_ char *sender_label = NULL, *external_label = NULL;
1415         char external_buf[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint64_t)], *p;
1416         int r;
1417
1418         assert_return(b || (sender_id && external_id), -EINVAL);
1419         assert_return(object_path_is_valid(prefix), -EINVAL);
1420         assert_return(ret_path, -EINVAL);
1421
1422         if (!sender_id) {
1423                 r = sd_bus_get_unique_name(b, &sender_id);
1424                 if (r < 0)
1425                         return r;
1426         }
1427
1428         if (!external_id) {
1429                 xsprintf(external_buf, "%"PRIu64, ++b->cookie);
1430                 external_id = external_buf;
1431         }
1432
1433         sender_label = bus_label_escape(sender_id);
1434         if (!sender_label)
1435                 return -ENOMEM;
1436
1437         external_label = bus_label_escape(external_id);
1438         if (!external_label)
1439                 return -ENOMEM;
1440
1441         p = strjoin(prefix, "/", sender_label, "/", external_label);
1442         if (!p)
1443                 return -ENOMEM;
1444
1445         *ret_path = p;
1446         return 0;
1447 }
1448
1449 /**
1450  * bus_path_decode_unique() - decode unique object path
1451  * @path: object path to decode
1452  * @prefix: object path prefix
1453  * @ret_sender: output parameter for sender-id label
1454  * @ret_external: output parameter for external-id label
1455  *
1456  * This does the reverse of bus_path_encode_unique() (see its description for
1457  * details). Both trailing labels, sender-id and external-id, are unescaped and
1458  * returned in the given output parameters (the caller must free them).
1459  *
1460  * Note that this function returns 0 if the path does not match the template
1461  * (see bus_path_encode_unique()), 1 if it matched.
1462  *
1463  * Returns: Negative error code on failure, 0 if the given object path does not
1464  *          match the template (return parameters are set to NULL), 1 if it was
1465  *          parsed successfully (return parameters contain allocated labels).
1466  */
1467 int bus_path_decode_unique(const char *path, const char *prefix, char **ret_sender, char **ret_external) {
1468         const char *p, *q;
1469         char *sender, *external;
1470
1471         assert(object_path_is_valid(path));
1472         assert(object_path_is_valid(prefix));
1473         assert(ret_sender);
1474         assert(ret_external);
1475
1476         p = object_path_startswith(path, prefix);
1477         if (!p) {
1478                 *ret_sender = NULL;
1479                 *ret_external = NULL;
1480                 return 0;
1481         }
1482
1483         q = strchr(p, '/');
1484         if (!q) {
1485                 *ret_sender = NULL;
1486                 *ret_external = NULL;
1487                 return 0;
1488         }
1489
1490         sender = bus_label_unescape_n(p, q - p);
1491         external = bus_label_unescape(q + 1);
1492         if (!sender || !external) {
1493                 free(sender);
1494                 free(external);
1495                 return -ENOMEM;
1496         }
1497
1498         *ret_sender = sender;
1499         *ret_external = external;
1500         return 1;
1501 }
1502
1503 int bus_property_get_rlimit(
1504                 sd_bus *bus,
1505                 const char *path,
1506                 const char *interface,
1507                 const char *property,
1508                 sd_bus_message *reply,
1509                 void *userdata,
1510                 sd_bus_error *error) {
1511
1512         struct rlimit *rl;
1513         uint64_t u;
1514         rlim_t x;
1515         const char *is_soft;
1516
1517         assert(bus);
1518         assert(reply);
1519         assert(userdata);
1520
1521         is_soft = endswith(property, "Soft");
1522         rl = *(struct rlimit**) userdata;
1523         if (rl)
1524                 x = is_soft ? rl->rlim_cur : rl->rlim_max;
1525         else {
1526                 struct rlimit buf = {};
1527                 int z;
1528                 const char *s;
1529
1530                 s = is_soft ? strndupa(property, is_soft - property) : property;
1531
1532                 z = rlimit_from_string(strstr(s, "Limit"));
1533                 assert(z >= 0);
1534
1535                 getrlimit(z, &buf);
1536                 x = is_soft ? buf.rlim_cur : buf.rlim_max;
1537         }
1538
1539         /* rlim_t might have different sizes, let's map
1540          * RLIMIT_INFINITY to (uint64_t) -1, so that it is the same on
1541          * all archs */
1542         u = x == RLIM_INFINITY ? (uint64_t) -1 : (uint64_t) x;
1543
1544         return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "t", u);
1545 }
1546
1547 int bus_track_add_name_many(sd_bus_track *t, char **l) {
1548         int r = 0;
1549         char **i;
1550
1551         assert(t);
1552
1553         /* Continues adding after failure, and returns the first failure. */
1554
1555         STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
1556                 int k;
1557
1558                 k = sd_bus_track_add_name(t, *i);
1559                 if (k < 0 && r >= 0)
1560                         r = k;
1561         }
1562
1563         return r;
1564 }