src/util.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <string.h>
  24 #include <unistd.h>
  25 #include <errno.h>
  26 #include <stdlib.h>
  27 #include <signal.h>
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29 #include <syslog.h>
  30 #include <sched.h>
  31 #include <sys/resource.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <fcntl.h>
  36 #include <dirent.h>
  37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  38 #include <linux/vt.h>
  39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
  40 #include <termios.h>
  41 #include <stdarg.h>
  42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
  43 #include <sys/poll.h>
  44 #include <libgen.h>
  45 #include <ctype.h>
  46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
  48 #include <pwd.h>
  49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  50 #include <linux/kd.h>
  51 #include <dlfcn.h>
  52 #include <sys/wait.h>
  53
  54 #include "macro.h"
  55 #include "util.h"
  56 #include "ioprio.h"
  57 #include "missing.h"
  58 #include "log.h"
  59 #include "strv.h"
  60 #include "label.h"
  61 #include "exit-status.h"
  62
  63 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
  64
  65         /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
  66
  67         if (a && b)
  68                 return streq(a, b);
  69
  70         if (!a && !b)
  71                 return true;
  72
  73         return false;
  74 }
  75
  76 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
  77         struct timespec ts;
  78
  79         assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
  80
  81         return timespec_load(&ts);
  82 }
  83
  84 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
  85         assert(ts);
  86
  87         ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
  88         ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
  89
  90         return ts;
  91 }
  92
  93 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
  94         assert(ts);
  95
  96         return
  97                 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
  98                 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
  99 }
 100
 101 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u)  {
 102         assert(ts);
 103
 104         ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
 105         ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
 106
 107         return ts;
 108 }
 109
 110 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
 111         assert(tv);
 112
 113         return
 114                 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
 115                 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
 116 }
 117
 118 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
 119         assert(tv);
 120
 121         tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
 122         tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
 123
 124         return tv;
 125 }
 126
 127 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
 128         size_t sl, pl;
 129
 130         assert(s);
 131         assert(postfix);
 132
 133         sl = strlen(s);
 134         pl = strlen(postfix);
 135
 136         if (pl == 0)
 137                 return true;
 138
 139         if (sl < pl)
 140                 return false;
 141
 142         return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
 143 }
 144
 145 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
 146         size_t sl, pl;
 147
 148         assert(s);
 149         assert(prefix);
 150
 151         sl = strlen(s);
 152         pl = strlen(prefix);
 153
 154         if (pl == 0)
 155                 return true;
 156
 157         if (sl < pl)
 158                 return false;
 159
 160         return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
 161 }
 162
 163 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
 164         size_t sl, pl;
 165         unsigned i;
 166
 167         assert(s);
 168         assert(prefix);
 169
 170         sl = strlen(s);
 171         pl = strlen(prefix);
 172
 173         if (pl == 0)
 174                 return true;
 175
 176         if (sl < pl)
 177                 return false;
 178
 179         for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
 180                 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
 181                         return false;
 182         }
 183
 184         return true;
 185 }
 186
 187 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
 188         size_t sl, wl;
 189
 190         assert(s);
 191         assert(word);
 192
 193         sl = strlen(s);
 194         wl = strlen(word);
 195
 196         if (sl < wl)
 197                 return false;
 198
 199         if (wl == 0)
 200                 return true;
 201
 202         if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
 203                 return false;
 204
 205         return s[wl] == 0 ||
 206                 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
 207 }
 208
 209 int close_nointr(int fd) {
 210         assert(fd >= 0);
 211
 212         for (;;) {
 213                 int r;
 214
 215                 if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0)
 216                         return r;
 217
 218                 if (errno != EINTR)
 219                         return r;
 220         }
 221 }
 222
 223 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
 224         int saved_errno = errno;
 225
 226         /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
 227          * is unchanged */
 228
 229         assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
 230
 231         errno = saved_errno;
 232 }
 233
 234 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
 235         unsigned i;
 236
 237         for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
 238                 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
 239 }
 240
 241 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
 242         assert(v);
 243
 244         if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
 245                 return 1;
 246         else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
 247                 return 0;
 248
 249         return -EINVAL;
 250 }
 251
 252 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
 253         unsigned long ul;
 254         pid_t pid;
 255         int r;
 256
 257         assert(s);
 258         assert(ret_pid);
 259
 260         if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
 261                 return r;
 262
 263         pid = (pid_t) ul;
 264
 265         if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
 266                 return -ERANGE;
 267
 268         if (pid <= 0)
 269                 return -ERANGE;
 270
 271         *ret_pid = pid;
 272         return 0;
 273 }
 274
 275 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
 276         char *x = NULL;
 277         unsigned long l;
 278
 279         assert(s);
 280         assert(ret_u);
 281
 282         errno = 0;
 283         l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
 284
 285         if (!x || *x || errno)
 286                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 287
 288         if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
 289                 return -ERANGE;
 290
 291         *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
 292         return 0;
 293 }
 294
 295 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
 296         char *x = NULL;
 297         long l;
 298
 299         assert(s);
 300         assert(ret_i);
 301
 302         errno = 0;
 303         l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
 304
 305         if (!x || *x || errno)
 306                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 307
 308         if ((long) (int) l != l)
 309                 return -ERANGE;
 310
 311         *ret_i = (int) l;
 312         return 0;
 313 }
 314
 315 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
 316         char *x = NULL;
 317         unsigned long long l;
 318
 319         assert(s);
 320         assert(ret_llu);
 321
 322         errno = 0;
 323         l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
 324
 325         if (!x || *x || errno)
 326                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 327
 328         *ret_llu = l;
 329         return 0;
 330 }
 331
 332 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
 333         char *x = NULL;
 334         long long l;
 335
 336         assert(s);
 337         assert(ret_lli);
 338
 339         errno = 0;
 340         l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
 341
 342         if (!x || *x || errno)
 343                 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 344
 345         *ret_lli = l;
 346         return 0;
 347 }
 348
 349 /* Split a string into words. */
 350 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
 351         char *current;
 352
 353         current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
 354
 355         if (!*current || *c == 0)
 356                 return NULL;
 357
 358         current += strspn(current, separator);
 359         *l = strcspn(current, separator);
 360         *state = current+*l;
 361
 362         return (char*) current;
 363 }
 364
 365 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
 366  * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
 367 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
 368         char *current, *e;
 369         bool escaped = false;
 370
 371         current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
 372
 373         if (!*current || *c == 0)
 374                 return NULL;
 375
 376         current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
 377
 378         if (*current == '\'') {
 379                 current ++;
 380
 381                 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
 382                         if (escaped)
 383                                 escaped = false;
 384                         else if (*e == '\\')
 385                                 escaped = true;
 386                         else if (*e == '\'')
 387                                 break;
 388                 }
 389
 390                 *l = e-current;
 391                 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
 392         } else if (*current == '\"') {
 393                 current ++;
 394
 395                 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
 396                         if (escaped)
 397                                 escaped = false;
 398                         else if (*e == '\\')
 399                                 escaped = true;
 400                         else if (*e == '\"')
 401                                 break;
 402                 }
 403
 404                 *l = e-current;
 405                 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
 406         } else {
 407                 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
 408                         if (escaped)
 409                                 escaped = false;
 410                         else if (*e == '\\')
 411                                 escaped = true;
 412                         else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
 413                                 break;
 414                 }
 415                 *l = e-current;
 416                 *state = e;
 417         }
 418
 419         return (char*) current;
 420 }
 421
 422 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
 423         char **l;
 424         assert(p);
 425
 426         if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
 427                 return NULL;
 428
 429         if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
 430                 strv_free(l);
 431                 return NULL;
 432         }
 433
 434         return l;
 435 }
 436
 437 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
 438         int r;
 439         FILE *f;
 440         char fn[132], line[256], *p;
 441         long unsigned ppid;
 442
 443         assert(pid >= 0);
 444         assert(_ppid);
 445
 446         assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
 447         fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0;
 448
 449         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r")))
 450                 return -errno;
 451
 452         if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
 453                 r = -errno;
 454                 fclose(f);
 455                 return r;
 456         }
 457
 458         fclose(f);
 459
 460         /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
 461          * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
 462          * skip over it manually */
 463
 464         if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
 465                 return -EIO;
 466
 467         p++;
 468
 469         if (sscanf(p, " "
 470                    "%*c "  /* state */
 471                    "%lu ", /* ppid */
 472                    &ppid) != 1)
 473                 return -EIO;
 474
 475         if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
 476                 return -ERANGE;
 477
 478         *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
 479
 480         return 0;
 481 }
 482
 483 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
 484         FILE *f;
 485         int r;
 486
 487         assert(fn);
 488         assert(line);
 489
 490         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
 491                 return -errno;
 492
 493         if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
 494                 r = -errno;
 495                 goto finish;
 496         }
 497
 498         r = 0;
 499 finish:
 500         fclose(f);
 501         return r;
 502 }
 503
 504 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
 505         FILE *f;
 506         int r;
 507         char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
 508
 509         assert(fn);
 510         assert(line);
 511
 512         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
 513                 return -errno;
 514
 515         if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
 516                 r = -errno;
 517                 goto finish;
 518         }
 519
 520         if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
 521                 r = -ENOMEM;
 522                 goto finish;
 523         }
 524
 525         *line = c;
 526         r = 0;
 527
 528 finish:
 529         fclose(f);
 530         return r;
 531 }
 532
 533 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents) {
 534         FILE *f;
 535         int r;
 536         size_t n, l;
 537         char *buf = NULL;
 538         struct stat st;
 539
 540         if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
 541                 return -errno;
 542
 543         if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
 544                 r = -errno;
 545                 goto finish;
 546         }
 547
 548         n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
 549         l = 0;
 550
 551         for (;;) {
 552                 char *t;
 553                 size_t k;
 554
 555                 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
 556                         r = -ENOMEM;
 557                         goto finish;
 558                 }
 559
 560                 buf = t;
 561                 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
 562
 563                 if (k <= 0) {
 564                         if (ferror(f)) {
 565                                 r = -errno;
 566                                 goto finish;
 567                         }
 568
 569                         break;
 570                 }
 571
 572                 l += k;
 573                 n *= 2;
 574
 575                 /* Safety check */
 576                 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
 577                         r = -E2BIG;
 578                         goto finish;
 579                 }
 580         }
 581
 582         if (buf)
 583                 buf[l] = 0;
 584         else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) {
 585                 r = -errno;
 586                 goto finish;
 587         }
 588
 589         *contents = buf;
 590         buf = NULL;
 591
 592         r = 0;
 593
 594 finish:
 595         fclose(f);
 596         free(buf);
 597
 598         return r;
 599 }
 600
 601 int parse_env_file(
 602                 const char *fname,
 603                 const char *separator, ...) {
 604
 605         int r = 0;
 606         char *contents, *p;
 607
 608         assert(fname);
 609         assert(separator);
 610
 611         if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents)) < 0)
 612                 return r;
 613
 614         p = contents;
 615         for (;;) {
 616                 const char *key = NULL;
 617
 618                 p += strspn(p, separator);
 619                 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
 620
 621                 if (!*p)
 622                         break;
 623
 624                 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
 625                         va_list ap;
 626                         char **value;
 627
 628                         va_start(ap, separator);
 629                         while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
 630                                 size_t n;
 631                                 char *v;
 632
 633                                 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
 634
 635                                 n = strlen(key);
 636                                 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
 637                                     p[n] != '=')
 638                                         continue;
 639
 640                                 p += n + 1;
 641                                 n = strcspn(p, separator);
 642
 643                                 if (n >= 2 &&
 644                                     strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
 645                                     p[n-1] == p[0])
 646                                         v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
 647                                 else
 648                                         v = strndup(p, n);
 649
 650                                 if (!v) {
 651                                         r = -ENOMEM;
 652                                         va_end(ap);
 653                                         goto fail;
 654                                 }
 655
 656                                 if (v[0] == '\0') {
 657                                         /* return empty value strings as NULL */
 658                                         free(v);
 659                                         v = NULL;
 660                                 }
 661
 662                                 free(*value);
 663                                 *value = v;
 664
 665                                 p += n;
 666
 667                                 r ++;
 668                                 break;
 669                         }
 670                         va_end(ap);
 671                 }
 672
 673                 if (!key)
 674                         p += strcspn(p, separator);
 675         }
 676
 677 fail:
 678         free(contents);
 679         return r;
 680 }
 681
 682 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
 683         assert(s);
 684
 685         s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
 686         return s;
 687 }
 688
 689 int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
 690         char *p;
 691         int r;
 692
 693         assert(pid >= 1);
 694         assert(name);
 695
 696         if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
 697                 return -ENOMEM;
 698
 699         r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
 700         free(p);
 701
 702         if (r < 0)
 703                 return r;
 704
 705         truncate_nl(*name);
 706         return 0;
 707 }
 708
 709 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) {
 710         char *p, *r, *k;
 711         int c;
 712         bool space = false;
 713         size_t left;
 714         FILE *f;
 715
 716         assert(pid >= 1);
 717         assert(max_length > 0);
 718         assert(line);
 719
 720         if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
 721                 return -ENOMEM;
 722
 723         f = fopen(p, "r");
 724         free(p);
 725
 726         if (!f)
 727                 return -errno;
 728
 729         if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) {
 730                 fclose(f);
 731                 return -ENOMEM;
 732         }
 733
 734         k = r;
 735         left = max_length;
 736         while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
 737
 738                 if (isprint(c)) {
 739                         if (space) {
 740                                 if (left <= 4)
 741                                         break;
 742
 743                                 *(k++) = ' ';
 744                                 left--;
 745                                 space = false;
 746                         }
 747
 748                         if (left <= 4)
 749                                 break;
 750
 751                         *(k++) = (char) c;
 752                         left--;
 753                 }  else
 754                         space = true;
 755         }
 756
 757         if (left <= 4) {
 758                 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
 759                 memcpy(k, "...", n);
 760                 k[n] = 0;
 761         } else
 762                 *k = 0;
 763
 764         fclose(f);
 765
 766         /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
 767         if (r[0] == 0) {
 768                 char *t;
 769                 int h;
 770
 771                 free(r);
 772
 773                 if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0)
 774                         return h;
 775
 776                 h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t);
 777                 free(t);
 778
 779                 if (h < 0)
 780                         return -ENOMEM;
 781         }
 782
 783         *line = r;
 784         return 0;
 785 }
 786
 787 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
 788         size_t a;
 789         char *r;
 790
 791         if (!s && !suffix)
 792                 return strdup("");
 793
 794         if (!s)
 795                 return strndup(suffix, b);
 796
 797         if (!suffix)
 798                 return strdup(s);
 799
 800         assert(s);
 801         assert(suffix);
 802
 803         a = strlen(s);
 804
 805         if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
 806                 return NULL;
 807
 808         memcpy(r, s, a);
 809         memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
 810         r[a+b] = 0;
 811
 812         return r;
 813 }
 814
 815 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
 816         return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
 817 }
 818
 819 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
 820         size_t l = 100;
 821
 822         assert(p);
 823         assert(r);
 824
 825         for (;;) {
 826                 char *c;
 827                 ssize_t n;
 828
 829                 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
 830                         return -ENOMEM;
 831
 832                 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
 833                         int ret = -errno;
 834                         free(c);
 835                         return ret;
 836                 }
 837
 838                 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
 839                         c[n] = 0;
 840                         *r = c;
 841                         return 0;
 842                 }
 843
 844                 free(c);
 845                 l *= 2;
 846         }
 847 }
 848
 849 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
 850         char *target, *k;
 851         int j;
 852
 853         assert(p);
 854         assert(r);
 855
 856         if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
 857                 return j;
 858
 859         k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
 860         free(target);
 861
 862         if (!k)
 863                 return -ENOMEM;
 864
 865         *r = k;
 866         return 0;
 867 }
 868
 869 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
 870         const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
 871         char *r;
 872         bool slash = false;
 873
 874         assert(path);
 875         assert(_r);
 876
 877         if (!*path)
 878                 return -EINVAL;
 879
 880         for (e = path; *e; e++) {
 881
 882                 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
 883                         a = b;
 884                         b = e;
 885                         slash = true;
 886                 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
 887                         slash = false;
 888         }
 889
 890         if (*(e-1) == '/')
 891                 p = a;
 892         else
 893                 p = b;
 894
 895         if (!p)
 896                 return -EINVAL;
 897
 898         if (p == path)
 899                 r = strdup("/");
 900         else
 901                 r = strndup(path, p-path);
 902
 903         if (!r)
 904                 return -ENOMEM;
 905
 906         *_r = r;
 907         return 0;
 908 }
 909
 910
 911 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
 912         char *r;
 913
 914         assert(p);
 915
 916         if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
 917                 return r + 1;
 918
 919         return (char*) p;
 920 }
 921
 922 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
 923         assert(p);
 924
 925         return p[0] == '/';
 926 }
 927
 928 bool is_path(const char *p) {
 929
 930         return !!strchr(p, '/');
 931 }
 932
 933 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
 934         char *r;
 935
 936         assert(p);
 937
 938         /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
 939          * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
 940
 941         if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
 942                 return strdup(p);
 943
 944         if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
 945                 return NULL;
 946
 947         return r;
 948 }
 949
 950 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
 951         char *cwd, *r;
 952
 953         assert(p);
 954
 955         /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
 956          * current working directory. */
 957
 958         if (path_is_absolute(p))
 959                 return strdup(p);
 960
 961         if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
 962                 return NULL;
 963
 964         r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
 965         free(cwd);
 966
 967         return r;
 968 }
 969
 970 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
 971         char **s;
 972
 973         /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
 974          * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
 975          * changes on failure. */
 976
 977         STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
 978                 char *t;
 979
 980                 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
 981                         return NULL;
 982
 983                 free(*s);
 984                 *s = t;
 985         }
 986
 987         return l;
 988 }
 989
 990 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
 991         char **s;
 992         unsigned k = 0;
 993         bool enomem = false;
 994
 995         if (strv_isempty(l))
 996                 return l;
 997
 998         /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
 999          * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1000          * changes on failure. */
1001
1002         STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1003                 char *t, *u;
1004
1005                 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1006                 free(*s);
1007
1008                 if (!t) {
1009                         enomem = true;
1010                         continue;
1011                 }
1012
1013                 errno = 0;
1014                 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1015                 free(t);
1016
1017                 if (!u) {
1018                         if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1019                                 enomem = true;
1020
1021                         continue;
1022                 }
1023
1024                 l[k++] = u;
1025         }
1026
1027         l[k] = NULL;
1028
1029         if (enomem)
1030                 return NULL;
1031
1032         return l;
1033 }
1034
1035 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1036         int sig;
1037
1038         for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1039                 struct sigaction sa;
1040
1041                 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1042                         continue;
1043
1044                 zero(sa);
1045                 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1046                 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1047
1048                 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1049                  * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1050                 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1051                         if (errno != EINVAL)
1052                                 return -errno;
1053         }
1054
1055         return 0;
1056 }
1057
1058 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1059         char *e, *l = NULL;
1060
1061         /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1062          * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1063
1064         s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1065
1066         for (e = s; *e; e++)
1067                 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
1068                         l = e;
1069
1070         if (l)
1071                 *(l+1) = 0;
1072         else
1073                 *s = 0;
1074
1075         return s;
1076 }
1077
1078 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1079         char *f, *t;
1080
1081         /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1082
1083         for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1084                 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1085                         continue;
1086
1087                 *(t++) = *f;
1088         }
1089
1090         *t = 0;
1091
1092         return s;
1093 }
1094
1095 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1096         char *e, *r;
1097         size_t k;
1098
1099         assert(path);
1100         assert(filename);
1101
1102         /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1103          * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1104          * former isn't */
1105
1106         if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1107                 return strdup(filename);
1108
1109         if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1110                 return strdup(filename);
1111
1112         k = strlen(filename);
1113         if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1114                 return NULL;
1115
1116         memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1117         memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1118
1119         return r;
1120 }
1121
1122 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1123         struct stat st;
1124
1125         if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1126                 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1127                         return -errno;
1128
1129         if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1130                 return -errno;
1131
1132         if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1133             st.st_uid != uid ||
1134             st.st_gid != gid ||
1135             !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1136                 errno = EEXIST;
1137                 return -errno;
1138         }
1139
1140         return 0;
1141 }
1142
1143
1144 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1145         const char *p, *e;
1146
1147         assert(path);
1148
1149         /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1150          * component. */
1151
1152         p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1153         for (;;) {
1154                 int r;
1155                 char *t;
1156
1157                 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1158                 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1159
1160                 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1161                  * done */
1162                 if (*p == 0)
1163                         return 0;
1164
1165                 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1166                         return -ENOMEM;
1167
1168                 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1169                 free(t);
1170
1171                 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1172                         return -errno;
1173         }
1174 }
1175
1176 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1177         int r;
1178
1179         /* Like mkdir -p */
1180
1181         if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1182                 return r;
1183
1184         if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1185                 return -errno;
1186
1187         return 0;
1188 }
1189
1190 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1191         size_t l;
1192         int r = 0;
1193
1194         assert(path);
1195         assert(stop);
1196
1197         l = strlen(path);
1198
1199         /* Skip trailing slashes */
1200         while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1201                 l--;
1202
1203         while (l > 0) {
1204                 char *t;
1205
1206                 /* Skip last component */
1207                 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1208                         l--;
1209
1210                 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1211                 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1212                         l--;
1213
1214                 if (l <= 0)
1215                         break;
1216
1217                 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1218                         return -ENOMEM;
1219
1220                 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1221                         free(t);
1222                         return 0;
1223                 }
1224
1225                 r = rmdir(t);
1226                 free(t);
1227
1228                 if (r < 0)
1229                         if (errno != ENOENT)
1230                                 return -errno;
1231         }
1232
1233         return 0;
1234 }
1235
1236
1237 char hexchar(int x) {
1238         static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1239
1240         return table[x & 15];
1241 }
1242
1243 int unhexchar(char c) {
1244
1245         if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1246                 return c - '0';
1247
1248         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1249                 return c - 'a' + 10;
1250
1251         if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1252                 return c - 'A' + 10;
1253
1254         return -1;
1255 }
1256
1257 char octchar(int x) {
1258         return '0' + (x & 7);
1259 }
1260
1261 int unoctchar(char c) {
1262
1263         if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1264                 return c - '0';
1265
1266         return -1;
1267 }
1268
1269 char decchar(int x) {
1270         return '0' + (x % 10);
1271 }
1272
1273 int undecchar(char c) {
1274
1275         if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1276                 return c - '0';
1277
1278         return -1;
1279 }
1280
1281 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1282         char *r, *t;
1283         const char *f;
1284
1285         assert(s);
1286
1287         /* Does C style string escaping. */
1288
1289         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1290                 return NULL;
1291
1292         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1293
1294                 switch (*f) {
1295
1296                 case '\a':
1297                         *(t++) = '\\';
1298                         *(t++) = 'a';
1299                         break;
1300                 case '\b':
1301                         *(t++) = '\\';
1302                         *(t++) = 'b';
1303                         break;
1304                 case '\f':
1305                         *(t++) = '\\';
1306                         *(t++) = 'f';
1307                         break;
1308                 case '\n':
1309                         *(t++) = '\\';
1310                         *(t++) = 'n';
1311                         break;
1312                 case '\r':
1313                         *(t++) = '\\';
1314                         *(t++) = 'r';
1315                         break;
1316                 case '\t':
1317                         *(t++) = '\\';
1318                         *(t++) = 't';
1319                         break;
1320                 case '\v':
1321                         *(t++) = '\\';
1322                         *(t++) = 'v';
1323                         break;
1324                 case '\\':
1325                         *(t++) = '\\';
1326                         *(t++) = '\\';
1327                         break;
1328                 case '"':
1329                         *(t++) = '\\';
1330                         *(t++) = '"';
1331                         break;
1332                 case '\'':
1333                         *(t++) = '\\';
1334                         *(t++) = '\'';
1335                         break;
1336
1337                 default:
1338                         /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1339                          * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1340                          * g_strescape() does the same */
1341                         if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1342                                 *(t++) = '\\';
1343                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1344                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1345                                 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1346                         } else
1347                                 *(t++) = *f;
1348                         break;
1349                 }
1350
1351         *t = 0;
1352
1353         return r;
1354 }
1355
1356 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1357         char *r, *t;
1358         const char *f;
1359
1360         assert(s);
1361
1362         /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1363
1364         if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1365                 return r;
1366
1367         for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1368
1369                 if (*f != '\\') {
1370                         *(t++) = *f;
1371                         continue;
1372                 }
1373
1374                 f++;
1375
1376                 switch (*f) {
1377
1378                 case 'a':
1379                         *(t++) = '\a';
1380                         break;
1381                 case 'b':
1382                         *(t++) = '\b';
1383                         break;
1384                 case 'f':
1385                         *(t++) = '\f';
1386                         break;
1387                 case 'n':
1388                         *(t++) = '\n';
1389                         break;
1390                 case 'r':
1391                         *(t++) = '\r';
1392                         break;
1393                 case 't':
1394                         *(t++) = '\t';
1395                         break;
1396                 case 'v':
1397                         *(t++) = '\v';
1398                         break;
1399                 case '\\':
1400                         *(t++) = '\\';
1401                         break;
1402                 case '"':
1403                         *(t++) = '"';
1404                         break;
1405                 case '\'':
1406                         *(t++) = '\'';
1407                         break;
1408
1409                 case 's':
1410                         /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1411                         *(t++) = ' ';
1412                         break;
1413
1414                 case 'x': {
1415                         /* hexadecimal encoding */
1416                         int a, b;
1417
1418                         if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1419                             (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1420                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1421                                 *(t++) = '\\';
1422                                 *(t++) = 'x';
1423                         } else {
1424                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1425                                 f += 2;
1426                         }
1427
1428                         break;
1429                 }
1430
1431                 case '0':
1432                 case '1':
1433                 case '2':
1434                 case '3':
1435                 case '4':
1436                 case '5':
1437                 case '6':
1438                 case '7': {
1439                         /* octal encoding */
1440                         int a, b, c;
1441
1442                         if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1443                             (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1444                             (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1445                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1446                                 *(t++) = '\\';
1447                                 *(t++) = f[0];
1448                         } else {
1449                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1450                                 f += 2;
1451                         }
1452
1453                         break;
1454                 }
1455
1456                 case 0:
1457                         /* premature end of string.*/
1458                         *(t++) = '\\';
1459                         goto finish;
1460
1461                 default:
1462                         /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1463                         *(t++) = '\\';
1464                         *(t++) = *f;
1465                         break;
1466                 }
1467         }
1468
1469 finish:
1470         *t = 0;
1471         return r;
1472 }
1473
1474 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1475         return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1476 }
1477
1478 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1479         char *r, *t;
1480         const char *f;
1481
1482         /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1483          * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1484          * cunescape. */
1485
1486         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1487                 return NULL;
1488
1489         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1490
1491                 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1492                     (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1493                         *(t++) = '\\';
1494                         *(t++) = 'x';
1495                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1496                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1497                 } else
1498                         *(t++) = *f;
1499         }
1500
1501         *t = 0;
1502
1503         return r;
1504 }
1505
1506 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1507         char *r, *t;
1508         const char *f;
1509
1510         assert(s);
1511
1512         /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1513          * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1514
1515         if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1516                 return NULL;
1517
1518         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1519
1520                 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1521                     !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1522                     !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1523                         *(t++) = '_';
1524                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1525                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1526                 } else
1527                         *(t++) = *f;
1528         }
1529
1530         *t = 0;
1531
1532         return r;
1533 }
1534
1535 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1536         char *r, *t;
1537
1538         assert(f);
1539
1540         if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1541                 return NULL;
1542
1543         for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1544
1545                 if (*f == '_') {
1546                         int a, b;
1547
1548                         if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1549                             (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1550                                 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1551                                 *(t++) = '_';
1552                         } else {
1553                                 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1554                                 f += 2;
1555                         }
1556                 } else
1557                         *(t++) = *f;
1558         }
1559
1560         *t = 0;
1561
1562         return r;
1563 }
1564
1565 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1566         char *f, *t;
1567         bool slash = false;
1568
1569         /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1570          * passed string in-place.
1571          *
1572          * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1573          */
1574
1575         for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1576
1577                 if (*f == '/') {
1578                         slash = true;
1579                         continue;
1580                 }
1581
1582                 if (slash) {
1583                         slash = false;
1584                         *(t++) = '/';
1585                 }
1586
1587                 *(t++) = *f;
1588         }
1589
1590         /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1591         trailing slash is good */
1592
1593         if (t == path && slash)
1594                 *(t++) = '/';
1595
1596         *t = 0;
1597         return path;
1598 }
1599
1600 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1601         assert(path);
1602         assert(prefix);
1603
1604         if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1605                 return false;
1606
1607         for (;;) {
1608                 size_t a, b;
1609
1610                 path += strspn(path, "/");
1611                 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1612
1613                 if (*prefix == 0)
1614                         return true;
1615
1616                 if (*path == 0)
1617                         return false;
1618
1619                 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1620                 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1621
1622                 if (a != b)
1623                         return false;
1624
1625                 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1626                         return false;
1627
1628                 path += a;
1629                 prefix += b;
1630         }
1631 }
1632
1633 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
1634         assert(a);
1635         assert(b);
1636
1637         if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
1638                 return false;
1639
1640         for (;;) {
1641                 size_t j, k;
1642
1643                 a += strspn(a, "/");
1644                 b += strspn(b, "/");
1645
1646                 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
1647                         return true;
1648
1649                 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
1650                         return false;
1651
1652                 j = strcspn(a, "/");
1653                 k = strcspn(b, "/");
1654
1655                 if (j != k)
1656                         return false;
1657
1658                 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
1659                         return false;
1660
1661                 a += j;
1662                 b += k;
1663         }
1664 }
1665
1666 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1667         char *p;
1668
1669         assert(t);
1670
1671         for (p = t; *p; p++)
1672                 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1673                         *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1674
1675         return t;
1676 }
1677
1678 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1679         assert(filename);
1680
1681         return
1682                 filename[0] == '.' ||
1683                 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1684                 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1685                 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1686                 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1687                 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1688                 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1689                 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1690                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1691                 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1692                 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1693 }
1694
1695 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1696         int flags;
1697
1698         assert(fd >= 0);
1699
1700         if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1701                 return -errno;
1702
1703         if (nonblock)
1704                 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1705         else
1706                 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1707
1708         if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1709                 return -errno;
1710
1711         return 0;
1712 }
1713
1714 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1715         int flags;
1716
1717         assert(fd >= 0);
1718
1719         if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1720                 return -errno;
1721
1722         if (cloexec)
1723                 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1724         else
1725                 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1726
1727         if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1728                 return -errno;
1729
1730         return 0;
1731 }
1732
1733 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1734         DIR *d;
1735         struct dirent *de;
1736         int r = 0;
1737
1738         if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
1739                 return -errno;
1740
1741         while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1742                 int fd = -1;
1743
1744                 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1745                         continue;
1746
1747                 if ((r = safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd)) < 0)
1748                         goto finish;
1749
1750                 if (fd < 3)
1751                         continue;
1752
1753                 if (fd == dirfd(d))
1754                         continue;
1755
1756                 if (except) {
1757                         bool found;
1758                         unsigned i;
1759
1760                         found = false;
1761                         for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
1762                                 if (except[i] == fd) {
1763                                         found = true;
1764                                         break;
1765                                 }
1766
1767                         if (found)
1768                                 continue;
1769                 }
1770
1771                 if ((r = close_nointr(fd)) < 0) {
1772                         /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1773                         if (errno != EBADF)
1774                                 goto finish;
1775                 }
1776         }
1777
1778         r = 0;
1779
1780 finish:
1781         closedir(d);
1782         return r;
1783 }
1784
1785 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1786         const char *p;
1787
1788         /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1789         for (p = a; *p; p++)
1790                 if (strchr(b, *p))
1791                         return true;
1792
1793         return false;
1794 }
1795
1796 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1797         struct tm tm;
1798         time_t sec;
1799
1800         assert(buf);
1801         assert(l > 0);
1802
1803         if (t <= 0)
1804                 return NULL;
1805
1806         sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1807
1808         if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1809                 return NULL;
1810
1811         return buf;
1812 }
1813
1814 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1815         usec_t n, d;
1816
1817         n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1818
1819         if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1820                 return NULL;
1821
1822         d = n - t;
1823
1824         if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1825                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1826                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1827                          (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1828         else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1829                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1830                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1831                          (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1832         else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1833                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1834                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1835                          (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1836         else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1837                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1838         else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1839                 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1840                          (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1841         else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1842                 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1843                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1844         else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1845                 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1846                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1847                          (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1848         else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1849                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1850                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1851         else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1852                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1853                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1854                          (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1855         else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1856                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1857                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1858         else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1859                 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1860                          (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1861         else if (d > 0)
1862                 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1863                          (unsigned long long) d);
1864         else
1865                 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1866
1867         buf[l-1] = 0;
1868         return buf;
1869 }
1870
1871 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1872         static const struct {
1873                 const char *suffix;
1874                 usec_t usec;
1875         } table[] = {
1876                 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
1877                 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
1878                 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
1879                 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
1880                 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
1881                 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
1882                 { "us", 1 },
1883         };
1884
1885         unsigned i;
1886         char *p = buf;
1887
1888         assert(buf);
1889         assert(l > 0);
1890
1891         if (t == (usec_t) -1)
1892                 return NULL;
1893
1894         if (t == 0) {
1895                 snprintf(p, l, "0");
1896                 p[l-1] = 0;
1897                 return p;
1898         }
1899
1900         /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
1901
1902         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
1903                 int k;
1904                 size_t n;
1905
1906                 if (t < table[i].usec)
1907                         continue;
1908
1909                 if (l <= 1)
1910                         break;
1911
1912                 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
1913                 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
1914
1915                 l -= n;
1916                 p += n;
1917
1918                 t %= table[i].usec;
1919         }
1920
1921         *p = 0;
1922
1923         return buf;
1924 }
1925
1926 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1927         static const char * const table[] = {
1928                 "cifs",
1929                 "smbfs",
1930                 "ncpfs",
1931                 "nfs",
1932                 "nfs4",
1933                 "gfs",
1934                 "gfs2"
1935         };
1936
1937         unsigned i;
1938
1939         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
1940                 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
1941                         return true;
1942
1943         return false;
1944 }
1945
1946 int chvt(int vt) {
1947         int fd, r = 0;
1948
1949         if ((fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
1950                 return -errno;
1951
1952         if (vt < 0) {
1953                 int tiocl[2] = {
1954                         TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1955                         0
1956                 };
1957
1958                 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1959                         return -errno;
1960
1961                 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1962         }
1963
1964         if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1965                 r = -errno;
1966
1967         close_nointr_nofail(r);
1968         return r;
1969 }
1970
1971 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
1972         struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1973         char c;
1974         char line[1024];
1975
1976         assert(f);
1977         assert(ret);
1978
1979         if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1980                 new_termios = old_termios;
1981
1982                 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1983                 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1984                 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1985
1986                 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1987                         size_t k;
1988
1989                         k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1990
1991                         tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1992
1993                         if (k <= 0)
1994                                 return -EIO;
1995
1996                         if (need_nl)
1997                                 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1998
1999                         *ret = c;
2000                         return 0;
2001                 }
2002         }
2003
2004         if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2005                 return -EIO;
2006
2007         truncate_nl(line);
2008
2009         if (strlen(line) != 1)
2010                 return -EBADMSG;
2011
2012         if (need_nl)
2013                 *need_nl = false;
2014
2015         *ret = line[0];
2016         return 0;
2017 }
2018
2019 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2020         bool on_tty;
2021
2022         assert(ret);
2023         assert(replies);
2024         assert(text);
2025
2026         on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2027
2028         for (;;) {
2029                 va_list ap;
2030                 char c;
2031                 int r;
2032                 bool need_nl = true;
2033
2034                 if (on_tty)
2035                         fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2036
2037                 va_start(ap, text);
2038                 vprintf(text, ap);
2039                 va_end(ap);
2040
2041                 if (on_tty)
2042                         fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2043
2044                 fflush(stdout);
2045
2046                 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2047
2048                         if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2049                                 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2050                                 continue;
2051                         }
2052
2053                         putchar('\n');
2054                         return r;
2055                 }
2056
2057                 if (need_nl)
2058                         putchar('\n');
2059
2060                 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2061                         *ret = c;
2062                         return 0;
2063                 }
2064
2065                 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2066         }
2067 }
2068
2069 int reset_terminal(int fd) {
2070         struct termios termios;
2071         int r = 0;
2072         long arg;
2073
2074         /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2075
2076         assert(fd >= 0);
2077
2078         /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2079          * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2080          * interfere with that. */
2081
2082         /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2083         ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2084
2085         /* Enable console unicode mode */
2086         arg = K_UNICODE;
2087         ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2088
2089         if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2090                 r = -errno;
2091                 goto finish;
2092         }
2093
2094         /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2095          * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2096          * else will do that for us */
2097
2098         termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2099         termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2100         termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2101         termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2102         termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2103
2104         termios.c_cc[VINTR]    =   03;  /* ^C */
2105         termios.c_cc[VQUIT]    =  034;  /* ^\ */
2106         termios.c_cc[VERASE]   = 0177;
2107         termios.c_cc[VKILL]    =  025;  /* ^X */
2108         termios.c_cc[VEOF]     =   04;  /* ^D */
2109         termios.c_cc[VSTART]   =  021;  /* ^Q */
2110         termios.c_cc[VSTOP]    =  023;  /* ^S */
2111         termios.c_cc[VSUSP]    =  032;  /* ^Z */
2112         termios.c_cc[VLNEXT]   =  026;  /* ^V */
2113         termios.c_cc[VWERASE]  =  027;  /* ^W */
2114         termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] =  022;  /* ^R */
2115         termios.c_cc[VEOL]     =    0;
2116         termios.c_cc[VEOL2]    =    0;
2117
2118         termios.c_cc[VTIME]  = 0;
2119         termios.c_cc[VMIN]   = 1;
2120
2121         if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2122                 r = -errno;
2123
2124 finish:
2125         /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2126         tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2127
2128         return r;
2129 }
2130
2131 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2132         int fd, r;
2133
2134         if ((fd = open(name, mode)) < 0)
2135                 return -errno;
2136
2137         if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2138                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2139                 return -errno;
2140         }
2141
2142         if (!r) {
2143                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2144                 return -ENOTTY;
2145         }
2146
2147         return fd;
2148 }
2149
2150 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2151         struct pollfd pollfd;
2152
2153         zero(pollfd);
2154         pollfd.fd = fd;
2155         pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2156
2157         for (;;) {
2158                 char buf[1024];
2159                 ssize_t l;
2160                 int r;
2161
2162                 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2163
2164                         if (errno == EINTR)
2165                                 continue;
2166
2167                         return -errno;
2168                 }
2169
2170                 if (r == 0)
2171                         return 0;
2172
2173                 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2174
2175                         if (errno == EINTR)
2176                                 continue;
2177
2178                         if (errno == EAGAIN)
2179                                 return 0;
2180
2181                         return -errno;
2182                 }
2183
2184                 if (l <= 0)
2185                         return 0;
2186         }
2187 }
2188
2189 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2190         int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2191
2192         assert(name);
2193
2194         /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2195          * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2196          * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2197          *
2198          * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2199          * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2200          * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2201          * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2202          * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2203          * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2204          * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2205          * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2206
2207         if (!fail && !force) {
2208                 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2209                         r = -errno;
2210                         goto fail;
2211                 }
2212
2213                 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2214                         r = -errno;
2215                         goto fail;
2216                 }
2217         }
2218
2219         for (;;) {
2220                 if (notify >= 0)
2221                         if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2222                                 goto fail;
2223
2224                 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2225                  * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2226                  * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2227                 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2228                         return -errno;
2229
2230                 /* First, try to get the tty */
2231                 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2232
2233                 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2234                  * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2235                  * are have this controlling terminal. */
2236                 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2237                         r = 0;
2238
2239                 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2240                         r = -errno;
2241                         goto fail;
2242                 }
2243
2244                 if (r >= 0)
2245                         break;
2246
2247                 assert(!fail);
2248                 assert(!force);
2249                 assert(notify >= 0);
2250
2251                 for (;;) {
2252                         uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2253                         ssize_t l;
2254                         struct inotify_event *e;
2255
2256                         if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2257
2258                                 if (errno == EINTR)
2259                                         continue;
2260
2261                                 r = -errno;
2262                                 goto fail;
2263                         }
2264
2265                         e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2266
2267                         while (l > 0) {
2268                                 size_t step;
2269
2270                                 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2271                                         r = -EIO;
2272                                         goto fail;
2273                                 }
2274
2275                                 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2276                                 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2277
2278                                 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2279                                 l -= step;
2280                         }
2281
2282                         break;
2283                 }
2284
2285                 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2286                  * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2287                  * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2288                  * an endless loop. */
2289                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2290         }
2291
2292         if (notify >= 0)
2293                 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2294
2295         if ((r = reset_terminal(fd)) < 0)
2296                 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2297
2298         return fd;
2299
2300 fail:
2301         if (fd >= 0)
2302                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2303
2304         if (notify >= 0)
2305                 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2306
2307         return r;
2308 }
2309
2310 int release_terminal(void) {
2311         int r = 0, fd;
2312         struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2313
2314         if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY)) < 0)
2315                 return -errno;
2316
2317         /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2318          * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2319
2320         zero(sa_new);
2321         sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2322         sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2323         assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2324
2325         if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2326                 r = -errno;
2327
2328         assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2329
2330         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2331         return r;
2332 }
2333
2334 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2335         va_list ap;
2336         int r = 0, sig;
2337
2338         va_start(ap, sa);
2339         while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2340                 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2341                         r = -errno;
2342         va_end(ap);
2343
2344         return r;
2345 }
2346
2347 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2348         struct sigaction sa;
2349         va_list ap;
2350         int r = 0;
2351
2352         zero(sa);
2353         sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2354         sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2355
2356         if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2357                 r = -errno;
2358
2359         va_start(ap, sig);
2360         while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2361                 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2362                         r = -errno;
2363         va_end(ap);
2364
2365         return r;
2366 }
2367
2368 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2369         struct sigaction sa;
2370         va_list ap;
2371         int r = 0;
2372
2373         zero(sa);
2374         sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2375         sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2376
2377         if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2378                 r = -errno;
2379
2380         va_start(ap, sig);
2381         while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2382                 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2383                         r = -errno;
2384         va_end(ap);
2385
2386         return r;
2387 }
2388
2389 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2390         int a = 0, b = 0;
2391
2392         assert(p);
2393
2394         if (p[0] >= 0) {
2395                 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2396                 p[0] = -1;
2397         }
2398
2399         if (p[1] >= 0) {
2400                 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2401                 p[1] = -1;
2402         }
2403
2404         return a < 0 ? a : b;
2405 }
2406
2407 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2408         uint8_t *p;
2409         ssize_t n = 0;
2410
2411         assert(fd >= 0);
2412         assert(buf);
2413
2414         p = buf;
2415
2416         while (nbytes > 0) {
2417                 ssize_t k;
2418
2419                 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2420
2421                         if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2422                                 continue;
2423
2424                         if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2425                                 struct pollfd pollfd;
2426
2427                                 zero(pollfd);
2428                                 pollfd.fd = fd;
2429                                 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2430
2431                                 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2432                                         if (errno == EINTR)
2433                                                 continue;
2434
2435                                         return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2436                                 }
2437
2438                                 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2439                                         return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2440
2441                                 continue;
2442                         }
2443
2444                         return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2445                 }
2446
2447                 p += k;
2448                 nbytes -= k;
2449                 n += k;
2450         }
2451
2452         return n;
2453 }
2454
2455 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2456         const uint8_t *p;
2457         ssize_t n = 0;
2458
2459         assert(fd >= 0);
2460         assert(buf);
2461
2462         p = buf;
2463
2464         while (nbytes > 0) {
2465                 ssize_t k;
2466
2467                 if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2468
2469                         if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2470                                 continue;
2471
2472                         if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2473                                 struct pollfd pollfd;
2474
2475                                 zero(pollfd);
2476                                 pollfd.fd = fd;
2477                                 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2478
2479                                 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2480                                         if (errno == EINTR)
2481                                                 continue;
2482
2483                                         return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2484                                 }
2485
2486                                 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2487                                         return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2488
2489                                 continue;
2490                         }
2491
2492                         return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2493                 }
2494
2495                 p += k;
2496                 nbytes -= k;
2497                 n += k;
2498         }
2499
2500         return n;
2501 }
2502
2503 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t) {
2504         struct stat a, b;
2505         char *parent;
2506         int r;
2507
2508         if (lstat(t, &a) < 0) {
2509                 if (errno == ENOENT)
2510                         return 0;
2511
2512                 return -errno;
2513         }
2514
2515         if ((r = parent_of_path(t, &parent)) < 0)
2516                 return r;
2517
2518         r = lstat(parent, &b);
2519         free(parent);
2520
2521         if (r < 0)
2522                 return -errno;
2523
2524         return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2525 }
2526
2527 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2528         static const struct {
2529                 const char *suffix;
2530                 usec_t usec;
2531         } table[] = {
2532                 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2533                 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2534                 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2535                 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2536                 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2537                 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2538                 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2539                 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2540                 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2541                 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2542                 { "usec", 1ULL },
2543                 { "us", 1ULL },
2544                 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2545         };
2546
2547         const char *p;
2548         usec_t r = 0;
2549
2550         assert(t);
2551         assert(usec);
2552
2553         p = t;
2554         do {
2555                 long long l;
2556                 char *e;
2557                 unsigned i;
2558
2559                 errno = 0;
2560                 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2561
2562                 if (errno != 0)
2563                         return -errno;
2564
2565                 if (l < 0)
2566                         return -ERANGE;
2567
2568                 if (e == p)
2569                         return -EINVAL;
2570
2571                 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2572
2573                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2574                         if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2575                                 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2576                                 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2577                                 break;
2578                         }
2579
2580                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2581                         return -EINVAL;
2582
2583         } while (*p != 0);
2584
2585         *usec = r;
2586
2587         return 0;
2588 }
2589
2590 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2591         int r, s, t;
2592
2593         assert(fd >= 0);
2594
2595         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2596         s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2597         t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2598
2599         if (fd >= 3)
2600                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2601
2602         if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2603                 return -errno;
2604
2605         return 0;
2606 }
2607
2608 bool is_clean_exit(int code, int status) {
2609
2610         if (code == CLD_EXITED)
2611                 return status == 0;
2612
2613         /* If a daemon does not implement handlers for some of the
2614          * signals that's not considered an unclean shutdown */
2615         if (code == CLD_KILLED)
2616                 return
2617                         status == SIGHUP ||
2618                         status == SIGINT ||
2619                         status == SIGTERM ||
2620                         status == SIGPIPE;
2621
2622         return false;
2623 }
2624
2625 bool is_clean_exit_lsb(int code, int status) {
2626
2627         if (is_clean_exit(code, status))
2628                 return true;
2629
2630         return
2631                 code == CLD_EXITED &&
2632                 (status == EXIT_NOTINSTALLED || status == EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED);
2633 }
2634
2635 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2636
2637         /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2638          * sysfs or in /dev */
2639
2640         return
2641                 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2642                 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2643 }
2644
2645 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2646         DIR *d;
2647         int r;
2648         struct dirent buf, *de;
2649
2650         if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2651                 return -errno;
2652
2653         for (;;) {
2654                 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2655                         r = -r;
2656                         break;
2657                 }
2658
2659                 if (!de) {
2660                         r = 1;
2661                         break;
2662                 }
2663
2664                 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2665                         r = 0;
2666                         break;
2667                 }
2668         }
2669
2670         closedir(d);
2671         return r;
2672 }
2673
2674 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2675         int fd;
2676         uint64_t ull;
2677         ssize_t r;
2678
2679         if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2680                 goto fallback;
2681
2682         r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2683         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2684
2685         if (r != sizeof(ull))
2686                 goto fallback;
2687
2688         return ull;
2689
2690 fallback:
2691         return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2692 }
2693
2694 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2695         assert(name);
2696
2697         prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2698
2699         /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
2700          * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
2701          * "systemd") */
2702
2703         if (program_invocation_name)
2704                 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2705 }
2706
2707 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2708         va_list ap;
2709         int sig;
2710
2711         assert(ss);
2712
2713         va_start(ap, ss);
2714         while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2715                 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2716         va_end(ap);
2717 }
2718
2719 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2720         struct utsname u;
2721
2722         assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2723
2724         if (u.nodename[0])
2725                 return strdup(u.nodename);
2726
2727         return strdup(u.sysname);
2728 }
2729
2730 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2731         uid_t uid;
2732         long bufsize;
2733         char *buf, *name;
2734         struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2735         struct stat st;
2736
2737         if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2738                 uid = st.st_uid;
2739         else
2740                 uid = getuid();
2741
2742         /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2743         if (uid == 0)
2744                 return strdup("root");
2745
2746         if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
2747                 bufsize = 4096;
2748
2749         if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
2750                 return NULL;
2751
2752         if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
2753                 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
2754                 free(buf);
2755                 return name;
2756         }
2757
2758         free(buf);
2759
2760         if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2761                 return NULL;
2762
2763         return name;
2764 }
2765
2766 int getttyname_malloc(char **r) {
2767         char path[PATH_MAX], *p, *c;
2768         int k;
2769
2770         assert(r);
2771
2772         if ((k = ttyname_r(STDIN_FILENO, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
2773                 return -k;
2774
2775         char_array_0(path);
2776
2777         p = path;
2778         if (startswith(path, "/dev/"))
2779                 p += 5;
2780
2781         if (!(c = strdup(p)))
2782                 return -ENOMEM;
2783
2784         *r = c;
2785         return 0;
2786 }
2787
2788 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs) {
2789         DIR *d;
2790         int ret = 0;
2791
2792         assert(fd >= 0);
2793
2794         /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2795          * tries to go on */
2796
2797         if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
2798                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2799
2800                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2801         }
2802
2803         for (;;) {
2804                 struct dirent buf, *de;
2805                 bool is_dir;
2806                 int r;
2807
2808                 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
2809                         if (ret == 0)
2810                                 ret = -r;
2811                         break;
2812                 }
2813
2814                 if (!de)
2815                         break;
2816
2817                 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2818                         continue;
2819
2820                 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
2821                         struct stat st;
2822
2823                         if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2824                                 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2825                                         ret = -errno;
2826                                 continue;
2827                         }
2828
2829                         is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2830                 } else
2831                         is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2832
2833                 if (is_dir) {
2834                         int subdir_fd;
2835
2836                         if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2837                                 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2838                                         ret = -errno;
2839                                 continue;
2840                         }
2841
2842                         if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs)) < 0) {
2843                                 if (ret == 0)
2844                                         ret = r;
2845                         }
2846
2847                         if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2848                                 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2849                                         ret = -errno;
2850                         }
2851                 } else  if (!only_dirs) {
2852
2853                         if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2854                                 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2855                                         ret = -errno;
2856                         }
2857                 }
2858         }
2859
2860         closedir(d);
2861
2862         return ret;
2863 }
2864
2865 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root) {
2866         int fd;
2867         int r;
2868
2869         assert(path);
2870
2871         if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2872
2873                 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2874                         return -errno;
2875
2876                 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2877                         if (unlink(path) < 0)
2878                                 return -errno;
2879
2880                 return 0;
2881         }
2882
2883         r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs);
2884
2885         if (delete_root)
2886                 if (rmdir(path) < 0) {
2887                         if (r == 0)
2888                                 r = -errno;
2889                 }
2890
2891         return r;
2892 }
2893
2894 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2895         assert(path);
2896
2897         /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2898          * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2899          * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2900
2901         if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2902                 return -errno;
2903
2904         if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2905                 return -errno;
2906
2907         return 0;
2908 }
2909
2910 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
2911         cpu_set_t *r;
2912         unsigned n = 1024;
2913
2914         /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
2915
2916         for (;;) {
2917                 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
2918                         return NULL;
2919
2920                 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
2921                         CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
2922
2923                         if (ncpus)
2924                                 *ncpus = n;
2925
2926                         return r;
2927                 }
2928
2929                 CPU_FREE(r);
2930
2931                 if (errno != EINVAL)
2932                         return NULL;
2933
2934                 n *= 2;
2935         }
2936 }
2937
2938 void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
2939         char *s = NULL;
2940         int fd = -1;
2941
2942         assert(format);
2943
2944         /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
2945          * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
2946
2947         if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
2948                 goto finish;
2949
2950         if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2951                 goto finish;
2952
2953         write(fd, s, strlen(s));
2954
2955 finish:
2956         free(s);
2957
2958         if (fd >= 0)
2959                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2960 }
2961
2962 void status_printf(const char *format, ...) {
2963         va_list ap;
2964
2965         assert(format);
2966
2967         va_start(ap, format);
2968         status_vprintf(format, ap);
2969         va_end(ap);
2970 }
2971
2972 void status_welcome(void) {
2973
2974 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
2975         char *r;
2976
2977         if (read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &r) < 0)
2978                 return;
2979
2980         truncate_nl(r);
2981
2982         /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
2983          * script did. */
2984
2985         if (startswith(r, "Red Hat"))
2986                 status_printf("Welcome to \x1B[0;31m%s\x1B[0m!\n", r); /* Red for RHEL */
2987         else if (startswith(r, "Fedora"))
2988                 status_printf("Welcome to \x1B[0;34m%s\x1B[0m!\n", r); /* Blue for Fedora */
2989         else
2990                 status_printf("Welcome to %s!\n", r);
2991
2992         free(r);
2993
2994 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
2995         char *r;
2996
2997         if (read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &r) < 0)
2998                 return;
2999
3000         truncate_nl(r);
3001
3002         status_printf("Welcome to \x1B[0;32m%s\x1B[0m!\n", r); /* Green for SUSE */
3003         free(r);
3004
3005 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3006         char *r;
3007
3008         if (read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &r) < 0)
3009                 return;
3010
3011         truncate_nl(r);
3012
3013         status_printf("Welcome to \x1B[1;34m%s\x1B[0m!\n", r); /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3014
3015         free(r);
3016
3017 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3018         char *r;
3019
3020         if (read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &r) < 0)
3021                 return;
3022
3023         truncate_nl(r);
3024
3025         status_printf("Welcome to Debian \x1B[1;31m%s\x1B[0m!\n", r); /* Light Red for Debian */
3026
3027         free(r);
3028 #elif defined(TARGET_ARCH)
3029         status_printf("Welcome to \x1B[1;36mArch Linux\x1B[0m!\n"); /* Cyan for Arch */
3030 #else
3031 #warning "You probably should add a welcome text logic here."
3032 #endif
3033 }
3034
3035 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3036         enum {
3037                 WORD,
3038                 CURLY,
3039                 VARIABLE
3040         } state = WORD;
3041
3042         const char *e, *word = format;
3043         char *r = NULL, *k;
3044
3045         assert(format);
3046
3047         for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3048
3049                 switch (state) {
3050
3051                 case WORD:
3052                         if (*e == '$')
3053                                 state = CURLY;
3054                         break;
3055
3056                 case CURLY:
3057                         if (*e == '{') {
3058                                 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3059                                         goto fail;
3060
3061                                 free(r);
3062                                 r = k;
3063
3064                                 word = e-1;
3065                                 state = VARIABLE;
3066
3067                         } else if (*e == '$') {
3068                                 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3069                                         goto fail;
3070
3071                                 free(r);
3072                                 r = k;
3073
3074                                 word = e+1;
3075                                 state = WORD;
3076                         } else
3077                                 state = WORD;
3078                         break;
3079
3080                 case VARIABLE:
3081                         if (*e == '}') {
3082                                 const char *t;
3083
3084                                 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3085                                         t = "";
3086
3087                                 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3088                                         goto fail;
3089
3090                                 free(r);
3091                                 r = k;
3092
3093                                 word = e+1;
3094                                 state = WORD;
3095                         }
3096                         break;
3097                 }
3098         }
3099
3100         if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3101                 goto fail;
3102
3103         free(r);
3104         return k;
3105
3106 fail:
3107         free(r);
3108         return NULL;
3109 }
3110
3111 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3112         char **r, **i;
3113         unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3114
3115         l = strv_length(argv);
3116
3117         if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3118                 return NULL;
3119
3120         STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3121
3122                 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3123                 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3124                         char *e;
3125                         char **w, **m;
3126                         unsigned q;
3127
3128                         if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3129
3130                                 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3131                                         r[k] = NULL;
3132                                         strv_free(r);
3133                                         return NULL;
3134                                 }
3135                         } else
3136                                 m = NULL;
3137
3138                         q = strv_length(m);
3139                         l = l + q - 1;
3140
3141                         if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3142                                 r[k] = NULL;
3143                                 strv_free(r);
3144                                 strv_free(m);
3145                                 return NULL;
3146                         }
3147
3148                         r = w;
3149                         if (m) {
3150                                 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3151                                 free(m);
3152                         }
3153
3154                         k += q;
3155                         continue;
3156                 }
3157
3158                 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3159                 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3160                         strv_free(r);
3161                         return NULL;
3162                 }
3163         }
3164
3165         r[k] = NULL;
3166         return r;
3167 }
3168
3169 int columns(void) {
3170         static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3171         const char *e;
3172
3173         if (parsed_columns > 0)
3174                 return parsed_columns;
3175
3176         if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
3177                 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3178
3179         if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
3180                 struct winsize ws;
3181                 zero(ws);
3182
3183                 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
3184                         parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
3185         }
3186
3187         if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3188                 parsed_columns = 80;
3189
3190         return parsed_columns;
3191 }
3192
3193 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3194         struct stat a, b;
3195
3196         zero(a);
3197         zero(b);
3198
3199         /* Only works as root */
3200
3201         if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3202                 return -errno;
3203
3204         if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3205                 return -errno;
3206
3207         return
3208                 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3209                 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3210 }
3211
3212 char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) {
3213         size_t l, x;
3214         char *r;
3215
3216         assert(s);
3217         assert(percent <= 100);
3218         assert(length >= 3);
3219
3220         l = strlen(s);
3221
3222         if (l <= 3 || l <= length)
3223                 return strdup(s);
3224
3225         if (!(r = new0(char, length+1)))
3226                 return r;
3227
3228         x = (length * percent) / 100;
3229
3230         if (x > length - 3)
3231                 x = length - 3;
3232
3233         memcpy(r, s, x);
3234         r[x] = '.';
3235         r[x+1] = '.';
3236         r[x+2] = '.';
3237         memcpy(r + x + 3,
3238                s + l - (length - x - 3),
3239                length - x - 3);
3240
3241         return r;
3242 }
3243
3244 int touch(const char *path) {
3245         int fd;
3246
3247         assert(path);
3248
3249         if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0666)) < 0)
3250                 return -errno;
3251
3252         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3253         return 0;
3254 }
3255
3256 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3257         size_t l;
3258         assert(s);
3259
3260         if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
3261                 return strdup(s);
3262
3263         if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3264                 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3265
3266         return strdup(s);
3267 }
3268
3269 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3270         assert(pid >= 1);
3271         assert(status);
3272
3273         for (;;) {
3274                 zero(*status);
3275
3276                 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3277
3278                         if (errno == EINTR)
3279                                 continue;
3280
3281                         return -errno;
3282                 }
3283
3284                 return 0;
3285         }
3286 }
3287
3288 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3289         int r;
3290         siginfo_t status;
3291
3292         assert(name);
3293         assert(pid > 1);
3294
3295         if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3296                 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3297                 return r;
3298         }
3299
3300         if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3301                 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3302                         log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3303                         return -EPROTO;
3304                 }
3305
3306                 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3307                 return 0;
3308
3309         } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3310                    status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3311
3312                 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3313                 return -EPROTO;
3314         }
3315
3316         log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3317         return -EPROTO;
3318
3319 }
3320
3321 void freeze(void) {
3322         for (;;)
3323                 pause();
3324 }
3325
3326 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3327         assert(st);
3328
3329         if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3330                 return true;
3331
3332         if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3333                 return true;
3334
3335         return false;
3336 }
3337
3338 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name) {
3339         return fdopendir(openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC));
3340 }
3341
3342 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3343         int signo;
3344         assert(s);
3345
3346         if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3347                 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3348                         return signal_from_string(s+3);
3349
3350         return signo;
3351 }
3352
3353 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
3354         [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
3355         [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
3356         [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
3357         [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
3358 };
3359
3360 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
3361
3362 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
3363         [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
3364         [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
3365         [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
3366         [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
3367         [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
3368         [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
3369 };
3370
3371 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
3372
3373 static const char *const log_facility_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
3374         [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
3375         [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
3376         [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
3377         [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
3378         [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
3379         [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
3380         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
3381         [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
3382         [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
3383         [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
3384         [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
3385         [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
3386         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
3387         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
3388         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
3389         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
3390         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
3391         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
3392         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
3393         [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
3394 };
3395
3396 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility, int);
3397
3398 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
3399         [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
3400         [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
3401         [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
3402         [LOG_ERR] = "err",
3403         [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
3404         [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
3405         [LOG_INFO] = "info",
3406         [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
3407 };
3408
3409 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
3410
3411 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
3412         [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
3413         [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
3414         [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
3415         [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
3416         [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
3417 };
3418
3419 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
3420
3421 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
3422         [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
3423         [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
3424         [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
3425         [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
3426         [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
3427         [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
3428         [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
3429         [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
3430         [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
3431         [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
3432         [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
3433         [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
3434         [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
3435         [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
3436         [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
3437         [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
3438 };
3439
3440 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
3441
3442 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
3443         [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
3444         [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
3445         [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
3446         [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
3447 };
3448
3449 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
3450
3451 static const char *const signal_table[] = {
3452         [SIGHUP] = "HUP",
3453         [SIGINT] = "INT",
3454         [SIGQUIT] = "QUIT",
3455         [SIGILL] = "ILL",
3456         [SIGTRAP] = "TRAP",
3457         [SIGABRT] = "ABRT",
3458         [SIGBUS] = "BUS",
3459         [SIGFPE] = "FPE",
3460         [SIGKILL] = "KILL",
3461         [SIGUSR1] = "USR1",
3462         [SIGSEGV] = "SEGV",
3463         [SIGUSR2] = "USR2",
3464         [SIGPIPE] = "PIPE",
3465         [SIGALRM] = "ALRM",
3466         [SIGTERM] = "TERM",
3467 #ifdef SIGSTKFLT
3468         [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT",  /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
3469 #endif
3470         [SIGCHLD] = "CHLD",
3471         [SIGCONT] = "CONT",
3472         [SIGSTOP] = "STOP",
3473         [SIGTSTP] = "TSTP",
3474         [SIGTTIN] = "TTIN",
3475         [SIGTTOU] = "TTOU",
3476         [SIGURG] = "URG",
3477         [SIGXCPU] = "XCPU",
3478         [SIGXFSZ] = "XFSZ",
3479         [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
3480         [SIGPROF] = "PROF",
3481         [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
3482         [SIGIO] = "IO",
3483         [SIGPWR] = "PWR",
3484         [SIGSYS] = "SYS"
3485 };
3486
3487 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);