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<H1>CUPS Software Users Manual</H1></A><BR>
CUPS-SUM-1.1.7<BR>
Easy Software Products<BR>
Copyright 1997-2001, All Rights Reserved<BR>
</CENTER>
<HR>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="CONTENTS">Table of Contents</A></H1>
<BR>
<BR><B><A HREF="#1">Preface</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#1_1">System Overview</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_2">Document Overview</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_3">Notation Conventions</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_4">Abbreviations</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#1_5">Other References</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#2_1">The Printing Problem</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_2">The Technology</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_3">Jobs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_4">Classes</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_5">Filters</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_6">Backends</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_7">Printer Drivers</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#2_8">Networking</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#3_1">Submitting Files for Printing</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_2">Choosing a Printer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_3">Setting Printer Options</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_4">Printing Multiple Copies</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_5">Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_6">Checking the Printer Status from the Web</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#3_7">Canceling a Print Job</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_1">General Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_1_1">Setting the Orientation</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_1_2">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_1_3">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_2">Banner Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_2_1">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3">Document Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_1">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_2">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_3">N-Up Printing</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_4">Setting the Brightness</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_3_5">Setting the Gamma Correction</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4">Text Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4_1">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4_2">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4_3">Setting the Number of Columns</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4_4">Setting the Page Margins</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_4_5">Pretty Printing</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5">Image Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5_1">Positioning the Image</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5_2">Scaling the Image</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5_3">Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_5_4">Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_6">HP-GL/2 Options</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_6_1">Printing in Black</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_6_2">Fitting the Plot on the Page</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#4_6_3">Setting the Default Pen Width</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#4_7">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#5_1">Printer Options</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#5_2">Setting Options for a Specific Printer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#5_3">Viewing the Current Defaults</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#5_4">Setting the Default Printer</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#5_5">Printer Instances</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#5_6">Removing Instances</A></LI>
</UL>
<B><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></B>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1">Common UNIX Printing System License Agreement</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1_1">Introduction</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1_2">Trademarks</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1_3">Binary Distribution Rights</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#6_1_4">Support</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#6_2">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#6_3">GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></LI>
</UL>
<HR>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="1">Preface</A></H1>
<P>This software users manual describes how to use the Common UNIX
 Printing &lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt; sum.shtml System<SUP>TM</SUP> (&quot;CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>&quot;)
 Version 1.1.7. ======= System<SUP>TM</SUP> (&quot;CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>&quot;)
 Version 1.1.13. &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1.29</P>
<H2><A NAME="1_1">System Overview</A></H2>
<P>CUPS provides a portable printing layer for UNIX&reg;-based operating
 systems. It has been developed by<A HREF="http://www.easysw.com"> Easy
 Software Products</A> to promote a standard printing solution for all
 UNIX vendors and users. CUPS provides the System V and Berkeley
 command-line interfaces.</P>
<P>CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol (&quot;IPP&quot;) as the basis for
 managing print jobs and queues. The Line Printer Daemon (&quot;LPD&quot;) Server
 Message Block (&quot;SMB&quot;), and AppSocket (a.k.a. JetDirect) protocols are
 also supported with reduced functionality. CUPS adds network printer
 browsing and PostScript Printer Description (&quot;PPD&quot;) based printing
 options to support real-world printing under UNIX.</P>
<P>CUPS also includes a customized version of GNU Ghostscript (currently
 based off GNU Ghostscript 5.50) and an image file RIP that are used to
 support non-PostScript printers. Sample drivers for HP and EPSON
 printers are included that use these filters.</P>

<!-- NEED 2in -->
<H2><A NAME="1_2">Document Overview</A></H2>
<P>This software users manual is organized into the following sections:</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A>
</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="1_3">Notation Conventions</A></H2>
<P>Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples
 and their meanings and uses are explained below:
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="80%">
<TR><TH>Example</TH><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TH>Description</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD><CODE>lpstat</CODE>
<BR> <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>The names of commands;
 the first mention of a command or function in a chapter is followed by
 a manual page section number.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD><VAR>/var</VAR>
<BR><VAR> /usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps</VAR></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>
File and directory names.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD NOWRAP><TT>Request ID is Printer-123</TT></TD><TD>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Screen output.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD NOWRAP><KBD>lp -d printer filename ENTER</KBD></TD><TD>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Literal user input; special keys like <KBD>ENTER</KBD> are
 in ALL CAPS.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP"><TD>12.3</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>Numbers in the text are
 written using the period (.) to indicate the decimal point.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>

<!-- NEED 3in -->
</P>
<H2><A NAME="1_4">Abbreviations</A></H2>
 The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
<UL>
<DL>
<DT>kb</DT>
<DD>Kilobytes, or 1024 bytes
<BR>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>Mb</DT>
<DD>Megabytes, or 1048576 bytes
<BR>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>Gb</DT>
<DD>Gigabytes, or 1073741824 bytes
<BR>&nbsp;</DD>
</DL>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="1_5">Other References</A></H2>
<UL>
<DL>
<DT>CUPS Software Administrators Manual</DT>
<DD>An administration guide for the CUPS software.
<BR>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>CUPS Software Programmers Manual</DT>
<DD>A programmer guide for interfacing with and/or extending the CUPS
 software.
<BR>&nbsp;</DD>
</DL>
</UL>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A></H1>
<P>This chapter provides an overview of how the Common UNIX Printing
 System works.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_1">The Printing Problem</A></H2>
<P>For years<I> the printing problem</I> has plagued UNIX. Unlike
 Microsoft&reg; Windows&reg; or Mac OS, UNIX has no standard interface or system
 in place for supporting printers. Among the solutions currently
 available, the Berkeley and System V printing systems are the most
 prevalent.</P>
<P>These printing systems support line printers (text only) or
 PostScript printers (text and graphics), and with some coaxing they can
 be made to support a full range of printers and file formats. However,
 because each varient of the UNIX operating system uses a different
 printing system than the next developing printer drivers for a wide
 range of printers and operating systems is extremely difficult. That
 combined with the limited volume of customers for each UNIX varient has
 forced most printer vendors to give up supporting UNIX entirely.</P>
<P>CUPS is designed to eliminate<I> the printing problem</I>. One common
 printing system can be used by all UNIX varients to support the
 printing needs of users. Printer vendors can use its modular filter
 interface to develop a single driver program that supports a wide range
 of file formats with little or no effort. Since CUPS provides both the
 System V and Berkeley printing commands, users (and applications) can
 reap the benefits of this new technology with no changes.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_2">The Technology</A></H2>
<P>CUPS is based upon an emerging Internet standard called the Internet
 Printing Protocol. IPP has been embraced by dozens of printer and
 printer server manufacturers and is supported by Microsoft Windows
 2000.</P>
<P>IPP defines a standard protocol for printing as well as managing
 print jobs and printer options like media size, resolution, and so
 forth. Like all IP-based protocols, IPP can be used locally or over the
 Internet to printers hundreds or thousands of miles away. Unlike other
 protocols, however, IPP also supports access control, authentication,
 and encryption, making it a much more capable and secure printing
 solution than older ones.</P>
<P>IPP is layered on top of the Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (&quot;HTTP&quot;)
 which is the basis of web servers on the Internet. This allows users to
 view documentation, check status information on a printer or server,
 and manage their printers, classes, and jobs using their web browser.</P>
<P>CUPS provides a complete IPP/1.1 based printing system that provides
 Basic, Digest, and local certificate authentication and user, domain,
 or IP-based access control. TLS encryption will be available in future
 versions of CUPS.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_3">Jobs</A></H2>
<P>Each file or set of files that is submitted for printing is called a<I>
 job</I>. Jobs are identified by a unique number starting at 1 and are
 assigned to a particular destination, usually a printer. Jobs can also
 have options associated with them such as media size, number of copies,
 and priority.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_4">Classes</A></H2>
<P>CUPS supports collections of printers known as<I> classes</I>. Jobs
 sent to a class are forwarded to the first available printer in the
 class.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_5">Filters</A></H2>
<P>Filters allow a user or application to print many types of files
 without extra effort. Print jobs sent to a CUPS server are filtered
 before sending them to a printer. Some filters convert job files to
 different formats that the printer can understand. Others perform page
 selection and ordering tasks.</P>
<P>CUPS provides filters for printing many types of image files, HP-GL/2
 files, PDF files, and text files. CUPS also supplies PostScript and
 image file Raster Image Processor (&quot;RIP&quot;) filters that convert
 PostScript or image files into bitmaps that can be sent to a raster
 printer.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_6">Backends</A></H2>
<P>Backends perform the most important task of all - they send the
 filtered print data to the printer.</P>
<P>CUPS provides backends for printing over parallel, serial, and USB
 ports, and over the network via the IPP, JetDirect (AppSocket), and
 Line Printer Daemon (&quot;LPD&quot;) protocols. Additional backends are
 available in network service packages such as the SMB backend included
 with the popular SAMBA software.</P>
<P>Backends are also used to determine the available devices. On startup
 each backend is asked for a list of devices it supports, and any
 information that is available. This allows the parallel backend to tell
 CUPS that an EPSON Stylus Color 600 printer is attached to parallel
 port 1, for example.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_7">Printer Drivers</A></H2>
<P>Printer drivers in CUPS consist of one of more filters specific to a
 printer. CUPS includes sample printer drivers for Hewlett-Packard
 LaserJet and DeskJet printers and EPSON 9-pin, 24-pin, Stylus Color,
 and Stylus Photo printers. While these drivers do not generate optimal
 output for the different printer models, they do provide basic printing
 and demonstrate how you can write your own printer drivers and
 incorporate them into CUPS.</P>
<H2><A NAME="2_8">Networking</A></H2>
<P>Printers and classes on the local system are automatically shared
 with other systems on the network. This allows you to setup one system
 to print to a printer and use this system as a printer server or spool
 host for all of the others. Users may then select a local printer by
 name or a remote printer using &quot;name@server&quot;.</P>
<P>CUPS also provides<I> implicit classes</I>, which are collections of
 printers and/or classes with the same name. This allows you to setup
 multiple servers pointing to the same physical network printer, for
 example, so that you aren't relying on a single system for printing.
 Because this also works with printer classes, you can setup multiple
 servers and printers and never worry about a single point of failure
 unless all of the printers and servers go down!</P>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A>
</H1>
<P>This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to
 different printers.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_1">Submitting Files for Printing</A></H2>
<P>CUPS provides both the System V (<CODE>lp(1)</CODE>) and Berkeley (<CODE>
lpr(1)</CODE>) printing commands. Type the following command to print a
 file to the default (or only) printer on the system:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>or:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpr filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including
 PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your
 applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient!</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_2">Choosing a Printer</A></H2>
<P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user.
 These printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel,
 serial, or USB port, or available over the network.</P>
<P>Use the <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE> command to see a list of available
 printers:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpstat -p -d ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a list of
 printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the current system
 default printer or class.</P>
<P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <CODE>lp</CODE> command to
 print to a specific printer:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -d printer filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <CODE>lpr</CODE> command:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpr -P printer filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="3_3">Setting Printer Options</A></H2>
<P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be
 sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you need to
 change the options for a particular file you are printing.</P>
<P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands allow you to pass
 printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
<B>lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg
</B></B></PRE>
</UL>
<P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The
 standard options are described in<A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS"> Chapter
 3, &quot;Standard Printing Options&quot;</A>.</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_4">Printing Multiple Copies</A></H2>
<P>Both the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands have options
 for printing more than one copy of a file:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>Copies are normally<I> not</I> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o
 Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies :</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEED 3in -->
<H2><A NAME="3_5">Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</A></H2>
<P>The <CODE>lpstat</CODE> command can be used to check for jobs that
 you have submitted for printing:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpstat ENTER</B>
Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
Printer-2 johndoe 15786
Printer-3 johndoe 372842
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the <CODE>
-p</CODE> option to see which files and printers are active:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpstat -p ENTER</B>
printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEED 2in -->
<P>Use the <CODE>-o</CODE> and <CODE>-p</CODE> options together to show
 the jobs and the printers:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpstat -o -p ENTER</B>
Printer-1 johndoe 4427776
Printer-2 johndoe 15786
Printer-3 johndoe 372842
printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1.
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="3_6">Checking the Printer Status from the Web</A></H2>
<P>Since CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a
 fully-functional web server. To use your web browser to monitor the
 printers on your system, open the URL:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<A HREF="http://localhost:631">http://localhost:631</A>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers
 with the click of a button!</P>
<H2><A NAME="3_7">Canceling a Print Job</A></H2>
<P>The <CODE>cancel(1)</CODE> and <CODE>lprm(1)</CODE> commands cancel a
 print job:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>cancel <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
<B>lprm <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>job-id</CODE> is the number that was reported to you by the
 <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands.</P>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer
 Options</A></H1>
<P>This chapter describes the standard printer options that are
 available when printing with the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE>
 commands.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_1">General Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_1_1">Setting the Orientation</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees
 to print in landscape orientation:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o landscape filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEED 2in -->
<H3><A NAME="4_1_2">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type,
 and/or source:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o media=Letter filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEED 3in -->
<P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer,
 but most support the following options (case is not significant):</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm)</LI>
<LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm)</LI>
<LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm)</LI>
<LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or
 241x105mm)</LI>
<LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm)</LI>
<LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source</LI>
<LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray</LI>
<LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray</LI>
<LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray</LI>
<LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray</LI>
</UL>
<P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file in
 the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and <CODE>MediaType</CODE>
 options.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_1_3">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o
 sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable duplexing on the
 printer, if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o
 sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape
 pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is
 suitable for portrait pages:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default is to print single-sided:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="4_2">Banner Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_2_1">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner
 page(s) to use for a job:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the
 files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed
 after the files in the job.</P>
<P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration;
 CUPS includes the following banner files:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page.</LI>
<LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;classified&quot; label at
 the top and bottom.</LI>
<LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;confidential&quot;
 label at the top and bottom.</LI>
<LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;secret&quot; label at the top
 and bottom.</LI>
<LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the top and
 bottom.</LI>
<LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a &quot;top secret&quot; label at
 the top and bottom.</LI>
<LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an &quot;unclassified&quot;
 label at the top and bottom.</LI>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="4_3">Document Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_1">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of pages
 for printing:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a
 range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by
 commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless
 of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option.</P>
<P>The default is to print all pages.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_2">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></H3>
<P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd
 pages:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default is to print all pages.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_3">N-Up Printing</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing.
 N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page.
 CUPS supports 1-Up, 2-Up, and 4-Up formats:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default format is 1-Up.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_4">Setting the Brightness</A></H3>
<P>You can control the overall brightness of the printed output using
 the <CODE>-o brightness=percent</CODE> option:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less
 than 100 will darken it.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_3_5">Setting the Gamma Correction</A></H3>
<P>You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output
 using the <CODE>-o gamma=value</CODE> option:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less
 than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000.</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_4">Text Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing text files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_4_1">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters
 per inch:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o cpi=12 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o cpi=17 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default characters per inch is 10.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_4_2">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per
 inch:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default lines per inch is 6.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_4_3">Setting the Number of Columns</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text
 columns:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default number of columns is 1.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_4_4">Setting the Page Margins</A></H3>
<P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer.
 Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-right=value</CODE>
, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o page-bottom=value</CODE>
 options to adjust the page margins:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point
 is 1/72 inch or 0.35mm.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_4_5">Pretty Printing</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of
 each page with the page number, job title (usually the filename), and
 the date. Also, C and C++ keywords are highlighted, and comment lines
 are italicized:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="4_5">Image Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply when printing image files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_5_1">Positioning the Image</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o position=name</CODE> option specifies the position of
 the image on the page:</P>
<UL>
<LI><CODE>center</CODE> - Center the image on the page (default)</LI>
<LI><CODE>top</CODE> - Print the image centered at the top of the page</LI>
<LI><CODE>left</CODE> - Print the image centered on the left of page</LI>
<LI><CODE>right</CODE> - Print the image centered on the right of the
 page</LI>
<LI><CODE>top-left</CODE> - Print the image at the top left corner of
 the page</LI>
<LI><CODE>top-right</CODE> - Print the image at the top right corner of
 the page</LI>
<LI><CODE>bottom</CODE> - Print the image centered at the bottom of the
 page</LI>
<LI><CODE>bottom-left</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom left corner
 of the page</LI>
<LI><CODE>bottom-right</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom right
 corner of the page</LI>
</UL>
<H3><A NAME="4_5_2">Scaling the Image</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o scaling=percent</CODE>, <CODE>-o ppi=value</CODE>, and <CODE>
-o natural-scaling=percent</CODE> options change the size of a printed
 image:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lp -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o natural-scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 800
 specifying the size in relation to the page (<I>not</I> the image.) A
 scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image
 aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4
 pages.</P>
<P>The <CODE>ppi=value</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 1200
 specifying the resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image
 that is 3000x2400 pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch,
 for example. If the specified resolution makes the image larger than
 the page, multiple pages will be printed to satisfy the request.</P>
<P>The <CODE>natural-scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to
 800 specifying the size in relation to the natural image size. A
 scaling of 100 percent will print the image at its natural size, while
 a scaling of 50 percent will print the image at half its natural size.
 If the specified scaling makes the image larger than the page, multiple
 pages will be printed to satisfy the request.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_5_3">Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o hue=value</CODE> option will adjust the hue of the
 printed image, much like the tint control on your television:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEED 3in -->
<P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is a number from -360 to 360 and
 represents the color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the
 change you'll see with different colors:
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="50%">
<TR><TH>Original</TH><TH>hue=-45</TH><TH>hue=45</TH></TR>
<TR><TD>Red</TD><TD>Purple</TD><TD>Yellow-orange</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Green</TD><TD>Yellow-green</TD><TD>Blue-green</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Yellow</TD><TD>Orange</TD><TD>Green-yellow</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Blue</TD><TD>Sky-blue</TD><TD>Purple</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Magenta</TD><TD>Indigo</TD><TD>Crimson</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>Cyan</TD><TD>Blue-green</TD><TD>Light-navy-blue</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<P>The default hue adjustment is 0.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_5_4">Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o saturation=percent</CODE> option adjusts the saturation
 of the colors in an image, much like the color knob on your television:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> argument specifies the color saturation from
 0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white print,
 while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense.</P>
<P>The default saturation is 100.
<!-- NEED 4in -->
</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_6">HP-GL/2 Options</A></H2>
<P>The following options apply to HP-GL/2 files.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_6_1">Printing in Black</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o blackplot</CODE> option specifies that all pens should
 plot in black:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the
 standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from
 Hewlett Packard.</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_6_2">Fitting the Plot on the Page</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the plot should be
 scaled to fit on the page:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot
 file.
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#cccccc" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="80%">
<TR><TD><B> NOTE:</B>
<P>This feature depends upon an accurate plot size (<CODE>PS</CODE>)
 command in the HP-GL/2 file. If no plot size is given in the file than
 the HP-GL/2 filter assumes the plot is ANSI E size.</P>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H3><A NAME="4_6_3">Setting the Default Pen Width</A></H3>
<P>The <CODE>-o penwidth=value</CODE> option specifies the default pen
 width for HP-GL/2 files:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The pen width <CODE>value</CODE> specifies the pen width in
 micrometers. The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1
 millimeter in width. Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that
 are exactly 1 pixel wide.
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#cccccc" BORDER="1" CELLPADDING="5" WIDTH="80%">
<TR><TD><B> NOTE:</B>
<P>This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the plot file.</P>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="4_7">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></H2>
<P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to a
 printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing
 from applications that provide their own &quot;printer drivers&quot; for your
 printer:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -o raw filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -o raw filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the <CODE>lpr</CODE>
 command to send files directly to a printer:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpr -l filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options
 and Defaults</A></H1>
<P>This chapter describes how to save printer options for your printer
 and set your own default printer.</P>
<H2><A NAME="5_1">Printer Options</A></H2>
<P>Each printer supports a large number of options, which you learned
 about in<A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS"> Chapter 3, &quot;Standard Printer
 Options&quot;</A>. Rather than specifying these options each time you print
 a file, CUPS allows you to save them as &quot;default&quot; options for the
 printer.</P>
<P>The <CODE>lpoptions(1)</CODE> command saves the options for your
 printers. Like the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands, it
 accepts printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> argument:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
<B>lpoptions -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>Once saved, any <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpr</CODE> command will use
 them when you print.</P>
<H2><A NAME="5_2">Setting Options for a Specific Printer</A></H2>
<P>The previous example shows how to set the options for the default
 printer. The <CODE>-p printer</CODE> option specifies the options are
 for another printer:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
<B>lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="5_3">Viewing the Current Defaults</A></H2>
<P>The <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> command can also be used to show the
 current options by not specifying any new options on the command-line:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions ENTER</B>
media=A4 sides=two-sided-long-edge
<B>lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER</B>
media=Legal scaling=100
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="5_4">Setting the Default Printer</A></H2>
<P>The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer
 that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the <CODE>
-d printer</CODE> option to set your own default printer:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The printer can be local (<CODE>deskjet</CODE>) or remote (<CODE>
deskjet@server</CODE>).</P>
<H2><A NAME="5_5">Printer Instances</A></H2>
<P>Besides setting options for each print queue, CUPS supports<I>
 printer instances</I> which allow you to define several different sets
 of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using the
 slash (<CODE>/</CODE>) character:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B>
<B>lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=Legal ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and lpr commands also understand this notation:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER</B>
<B>lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<H2><A NAME="5_6">Removing Instances</A></H2>
<P>Use the <CODE>-x printer/instance</CODE> option to remove a printer
 instance that you no longer need:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<B>lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER</B>
<B>lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER</B>
<B>lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER</B>
</PRE>
</UL>
<P>The <CODE>-x</CODE> option only removes the default options for that
 printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until
 deleted with the <CODE>lpadmin(8)</CODE> command by the administrator.</P>
<H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A></H1>
<H2 ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="6_1">Common UNIX Printing System License
 Agreement</A></H2>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">Copyright 1997-2001 by Easy Software Products
<BR> 44141 AIRPORT VIEW DR STE 204
<BR> HOLLYWOOD, MARYLAND 20636-3111 USA
<BR>
<BR> Voice: +1.301.373.9600
<BR> Email:<A HREF="mailto:cups-info@cups.org"> cups-info@cups.org</A>
<BR> WWW:<A HREF="http://www.cups.org"> http://www.cups.org</A></P>
<H3><A NAME="6_1_1">Introduction</A></H3>
<P>The Common UNIX Printing System<SUP>TM</SUP>, (&quot;CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>&quot;),
 is provided under the GNU General Public License (&quot;GPL&quot;) and GNU
 Library General Public License (&quot;LGPL&quot;), Version 2. A copy of these
 licenses follow this introduction.</P>
<P>The GNU LGPL applies to the CUPS API library, located in the &quot;cups&quot;
 subdirectory of the CUPS source distribution and in the
 &quot;/usr/include/cups&quot; directory and &quot;libcups.a&quot;, &quot;libcups_s.a&quot;,
 &quot;libcups.sl&quot;, or &quot;libcups.so&quot; files in the binary distributions.</P>
<P>The GNU GPL applies to the remainder of the CUPS distribution,
 including the &quot;pstoraster&quot; filter which is based upon GNU Ghostscript
 5.50 and the &quot;pdftops&quot; filter which is based upon Xpdf 0.93a.</P>
<P>For those not familiar with the GNU GPL, the license basically allows
 you to:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Use the CUPS software at no charge.</LI>
<LI>Distribute verbatim copies of the software in source or binary form.</LI>
<LI>Sell verbatim copies of the software for a media fee, or sell
 support for the software.</LI>
<LI>Distribute or sell printer drivers and filters that use CUPS so long
 as source code is made available under the GPL.</LI>
</UL>
<P>What this license<B> does not</B> allow you to do is make changes or
 add features to CUPS and then sell a binary distribution without source
 code. You must provide source for any new drivers, changes, or
 additions to the software, and all code must be provided under the GPL
 or LGPL as appropriate.</P>
<P>The GNU LGPL relaxes the &quot;link-to&quot; restriction, allowing you to
 develop applications that use the CUPS API library under other licenses
 and/or conditions as appropriate for your application.</P>
<H3><A NAME="6_1_2">Trademarks</A></H3>
<P>Easy Software Products has trademarked the Common UNIX Printing
 System, CUPS, and CUPS logo. These names and logos may be used freely
 in any direct port or binary distribution of CUPS. To use them in
 derivative products, please contract Easy Software Products for written
 permission. Our intention is to protect the value of these trademarks
 and ensure that any derivative product meets the same high-quality
 standards as the original.</P>
<H3><A NAME="6_1_3">Binary Distribution Rights</A></H3>
<P>Easy Software Products also sells rights to the CUPS source code
 under a binary distribution license for vendors that are unable to
 release source code for their drivers, additions, and modifications to
 CUPS under the GNU GPL and LGPL. For information please contact us at
 the address shown above.</P>
<P>The Common UNIX Printing System provides a &quot;pstoraster&quot; filter that
 utilizes the GNU GhostScript 5.50 core to convert PostScript files into
 a stream of raster images. For binary distribution licensing of this
 software, please contact:<BLOCKQUOTE> Miles Jones
<BR> Director of Marketing
<BR> Artifex Software Inc.
<BR> 454 Las Gallinas Ave., Suite 108
<BR> San Rafael, CA 94903 USA
<BR> Voice: +1.415.492.9861
<BR> Fax: +1.415.492.9862
<BR> EMail:<A HREF="mailto:info@arsoft.com"> info@arsoft.com</A></BLOCKQUOTE>
</P>
<P>The &quot;pdftops&quot; filter is based on the Xpdf 0.93a software. For binary
 distribution licensing of this software, please contact:<BLOCKQUOTE>
 Derek B. Noonburg
<BR> Email:<A HREF="mailto:derekn@foolabs.com"> derekn@foolabs.com</A>
<BR> WWW:<A HREF="http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/">
 http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/</A></BLOCKQUOTE></P>
<H3><A NAME="6_1_4">Support</A></H3>
<P>Easy Software Products sells software support for CUPS as well as a
 commercial printing product based on CUPS called ESP Print Pro. You can
 find out more at our web site:</P>
<UL>
<PRE>
<A HREF="http://www.easysw.com">http://www.easysw.com</A>
</PRE>
</UL>

<!-- NEW PAGE -->
<H2><A NAME="6_2">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
<P>Version 2, June 1991</P>
<PRE>
Copyright 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</PRE>
<PRE>

</PRE>
<H4>Preamble</H4>
<P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
 to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
 intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
 your programs, too.</P>
<P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
 new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.</P>
<P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.</P>
<P>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
 rights.</P>
<P>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
 and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to
 copy, distribute and/or modify the software.</P>
<P>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
 authors' reputations.</P>
<P>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.</P>
<P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
 modification follow.</P>
<H4>GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
<BR> TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</H4>
<OL START="0">
<LI>This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
 under the terms of this General Public License. The &quot;Program&quot;, below,
 refers to any such program or work, and a &quot;work based on the Program&quot;
 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
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<!-- NEW PAGE -->
<H2><A NAME="6_3">GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2>
<P>Version 2, June 1991</P>
<PRE>
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

[This is the first released version of the library GPL.  It is
 numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
</PRE>
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 version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
 Software Foundation.</P>
<P><STRONG>14.</STRONG> If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library
 into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible
 with these, write to the author to ask for permission. For software
 which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
 and reuse of software generally.</P>
<P><STRONG>NO WARRANTY</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>15.</STRONG> BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,
 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY &quot;AS IS&quot; WITHOUT
 WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
 OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
 ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.</P>
<P><STRONG>16.</STRONG> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
 AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO
 MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
 LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL
 OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
 DAMAGES.</P>
<H4>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</H4>
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