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2 | <HEAD> | |
3 | <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Common UNIX Printing System Software Users Manual"> | |
4 | <META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="Copyright 1997-2003, All Rights Reserved"> | |
5 | <META NAME="DOCNUMBER" CONTENT="CUPS-SUM-1.2.0"> | |
6 | <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Easy Software Products"> | |
7 | <TITLE>CUPS Software Users Manual</TITLE> | |
8 | </HEAD> | |
9 | <BODY> | |
10 | ||
11 | <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT">Preface</H1> | |
12 | ||
13 | <P>This software users manual describes how to use the Common UNIX Printing | |
14 | System<SUP>TM</SUP> ("CUPS<SUP>TM</SUP>") Version 1.2.0. | |
15 | ||
16 | <EMBED SRC="system-overview.shtml"> | |
17 | ||
18 | <!-- NEED 2in --> | |
19 | <H2>Document Overview</H2> | |
20 | ||
21 | <P>This software users manual is organized into the following sections:</P> | |
22 | ||
23 | <UL> | |
24 | <LI><A HREF="#OVERVIEW">1 - Printing System Overview</A> | |
25 | <LI><A HREF="#USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A> | |
26 | <LI><A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A> | |
27 | <LI><A HREF="#SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A> | |
28 | <LI><A HREF="#LICENSE">A - Software License Agreement</A> | |
29 | </UL> | |
30 | ||
31 | <H2>Notation Conventions</H2> | |
32 | ||
33 | <P>Various font and syntax conventions are used in this guide. Examples and | |
34 | their meanings and uses are explained below: | |
35 | ||
36 | <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%"> | |
37 | <TR> | |
38 | <TH>Example</TH> | |
39 | <TD> </TD> | |
40 | <TH>Description</TH> | |
41 | </TR> | |
42 | <TR><TD> </TD></TR> | |
43 | <TR VALIGN="TOP"> | |
44 | <TD><CODE>lpstat</CODE><BR> | |
45 | <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE></TD> | |
46 | ||
47 | <TD> </TD> | |
48 | ||
49 | <TD>The names of commands; the first mention of a command or | |
50 | function in a chapter is followed by a manual page section | |
51 | number.</TD> | |
52 | </TR> | |
53 | <TR><TD> </TD></TR> | |
54 | <TR VALIGN="TOP"> | |
55 | <TD><VAR>/var</VAR><BR> | |
56 | <VAR>/usr/share/cups/data/testprint.ps</VAR></TD> | |
57 | ||
58 | <TD> </TD> | |
59 | ||
60 | <TD>File and directory names.</TD> | |
61 | </TR> | |
62 | <TR><TD> </TD></TR> | |
63 | <TR VALIGN="TOP"> | |
64 | <TD NOWRAP><TT>Request ID is Printer-123</TT></TD> | |
65 | ||
66 | <TD> </TD> | |
67 | ||
68 | <TD>Screen output.</TD> | |
69 | </TR> | |
70 | <TR><TD> </TD></TR> | |
71 | <TR VALIGN="TOP"> | |
72 | <TD NOWRAP><KBD>lp -d printer filename ENTER</KBD></TD> | |
73 | ||
74 | <TD> </TD> | |
75 | ||
76 | <TD>Literal user input; special keys like <KBD>ENTER</KBD> are | |
77 | in ALL CAPS.</TD> | |
78 | </TR> | |
79 | <TR><TD> </TD></TR> | |
80 | <TR VALIGN="TOP"> | |
81 | <TD>12.3</TD> | |
82 | ||
83 | <TD> </TD> | |
84 | ||
85 | <TD>Numbers in the text are written using the period (.) to indicate | |
86 | the decimal point.</TD> | |
87 | </TR> | |
88 | </TABLE></CENTER> | |
89 | ||
90 | <!-- NEED 3in --> | |
91 | <H2>Abbreviations</H2> | |
92 | ||
93 | The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: | |
94 | ||
95 | <UL> | |
96 | <DL> | |
97 | ||
98 | <DT>kb | |
99 | <DD>Kilobytes, or 1024 bytes<BR> | |
100 | ||
101 | <DT>Mb | |
102 | <DD>Megabytes, or 1048576 bytes<BR> | |
103 | ||
104 | <DT>Gb | |
105 | <DD>Gigabytes, or 1073741824 bytes<BR> | |
106 | ||
107 | </DL> | |
108 | </UL> | |
109 | ||
110 | <H2>Other References</H2> | |
111 | ||
112 | <UL> | |
113 | <DL> | |
114 | ||
115 | <DT>CUPS Software Administrators Manual | |
116 | ||
117 | <DD>An administration guide for the CUPS software.<BR> | |
118 | ||
119 | <DT>CUPS Software Programmers Manual | |
120 | ||
121 | <DD>A programmer guide for interfacing with and/or extending the CUPS | |
122 | software.<BR> | |
123 | ||
124 | </DL> | |
125 | </UL> | |
126 | ||
127 | ||
128 | <EMBED SRC="printing-overview.shtml"> | |
129 | ||
130 | ||
131 | <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="USING_SYSTEM">2 - Using the Printing System</A></H1> | |
132 | ||
133 | <P>This chapter shows you how to submit, query, and cancel print jobs to | |
134 | different printers. | |
135 | ||
136 | <H2>Submitting Files for Printing</H2> | |
137 | ||
138 | <P>CUPS provides both the System V (<CODE>lp(1)</CODE>) and Berkeley | |
139 | (<CODE>lpr(1)</CODE>) printing commands. Type the following command to | |
140 | print a file to the default (or only) printer on the system: | |
141 | ||
142 | <UL><PRE> | |
143 | <B>lp filename ENTER</B> | |
144 | </PRE></UL> | |
145 | ||
146 | <P>or: | |
147 | ||
148 | <UL><PRE> | |
149 | <B>lpr filename ENTER</B> | |
150 | </PRE></UL> | |
151 | ||
152 | <P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including | |
153 | PostScript and image files. This allows you to print from inside your | |
154 | applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient! | |
155 | ||
156 | <H2>Choosing a Printer</H2> | |
157 | ||
158 | <P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user. These | |
159 | printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel, serial, or USB | |
160 | port, or available over the network. | |
161 | ||
162 | <P>Use the <CODE>lpstat(1)</CODE> command to see a list of available printers: | |
163 | ||
164 | <UL><PRE> | |
165 | <B>lpstat -p -d ENTER</B> | |
166 | </PRE></UL> | |
167 | ||
168 | <P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a | |
169 | list of printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the | |
170 | current default printer or class. | |
171 | ||
172 | <P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <CODE>lp</CODE> command to | |
173 | print to a specific printer: | |
174 | ||
175 | <UL><PRE> | |
176 | <B>lp -d printer filename ENTER</B> | |
177 | </PRE></UL> | |
178 | ||
179 | <P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <CODE>lpr</CODE> command: | |
180 | ||
181 | <UL><PRE> | |
182 | <B>lpr -P printer filename ENTER</B> | |
183 | </PRE></UL> | |
184 | ||
185 | <H2>Setting Printer Options</H2> | |
186 | ||
187 | <P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be sufficient for | |
188 | your needs. However, there may be times when you need to change the options | |
189 | for a particular file you are printing. | |
190 | ||
191 | <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands allow you to pass | |
192 | printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option: | |
193 | ||
194 | <UL><PRE> | |
195 | <B>lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg | |
196 | <B>lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg | |
197 | </PRE></UL> | |
198 | ||
199 | <P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The standard | |
200 | options are described in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard | |
201 | Printing Options"</A>. | |
202 | ||
203 | <H2>Printing Multiple Copies</H2> | |
204 | ||
205 | <P>Both the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands have options for | |
206 | printing more than one copy of a file: | |
207 | ||
208 | <UL><PRE> | |
209 | <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
210 | <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
211 | </PRE></UL> | |
212 | ||
213 | <P>Copies are normally <I>not</I> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o | |
214 | Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies : | |
215 | ||
216 | <UL><PRE> | |
217 | <B>lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B> | |
218 | <B>lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename ENTER</B> | |
219 | </PRE></UL> | |
220 | ||
221 | <!-- NEED 3in --> | |
222 | <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Command-Line</H2> | |
223 | ||
224 | <P>The <CODE>lpstat</CODE> command can be used to check for jobs that you | |
225 | have submitted for printing: | |
226 | ||
227 | <UL><PRE> | |
228 | <B>lpstat ENTER</B> | |
229 | Printer-1 johndoe 4427776 | |
230 | Printer-2 johndoe 15786 | |
231 | Printer-3 johndoe 372842 | |
232 | </PRE></UL> | |
233 | ||
234 | <P>The jobs are listed in the order they will be printed. Use the | |
235 | <CODE>-p</CODE> option to see which files and printers are active: | |
236 | ||
237 | <UL><PRE> | |
238 | <B>lpstat -p ENTER</B> | |
239 | printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1. | |
240 | </PRE></UL> | |
241 | ||
242 | <!-- NEED 2in --> | |
243 | <P>Use the <CODE>-o</CODE> and <CODE>-p</CODE> options together to show | |
244 | the jobs and the printers: | |
245 | ||
246 | <UL><PRE> | |
247 | <B>lpstat -o -p ENTER</B> | |
248 | Printer-1 johndoe 4427776 | |
249 | Printer-2 johndoe 15786 | |
250 | Printer-3 johndoe 372842 | |
251 | printer DeskJet now printing DeskJet-1. | |
252 | </PRE></UL> | |
253 | ||
254 | <H2>Checking the Printer Status from the Web</H2> | |
255 | ||
256 | <P>Since CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol, it is also a | |
257 | fully-functional web server. To use your web browser to monitor the | |
258 | printers on your system, open the URL: | |
259 | ||
260 | <UL><PRE> | |
261 | <A HREF="http://localhost:631">http://localhost:631</A> | |
262 | </PRE></UL> | |
263 | ||
264 | <P>From there you can view the status of classes, jobs, and printers | |
265 | with the click of a button! | |
266 | ||
267 | <H2>Canceling a Print Job</H2> | |
268 | ||
269 | <P>The <CODE>cancel(1)</CODE> and <CODE>lprm(1)</CODE> commands cancel | |
270 | a print job: | |
271 | ||
272 | <UL><PRE> | |
273 | <B>cancel <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B> | |
274 | <B>lprm <I>job-id</I> ENTER</B> | |
275 | </PRE></UL> | |
276 | ||
277 | <P>The <CODE>job-id</CODE> is the number that was reported to you by | |
278 | the <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpstat</CODE> commands. | |
279 | ||
280 | ||
281 | <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="STANDARD_OPTIONS">3 - Standard Printer Options</A></H1> | |
282 | ||
283 | <P>This chapter describes the standard printer options that are available | |
284 | when printing with the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands. | |
285 | ||
286 | <H2>General Options</H2> | |
287 | ||
288 | <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files. | |
289 | ||
290 | <!-- NEED 2in --> | |
291 | <H3>Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</H3> | |
292 | ||
293 | <P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type, | |
294 | and/or source: | |
295 | ||
296 | <UL><PRE> | |
297 | <B>lp -o media=Letter filename ENTER</B> | |
298 | <B>lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename ENTER</B> | |
299 | <B>lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename ENTER</B> | |
300 | <B>lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename ENTER</B> | |
301 | </PRE></UL> | |
302 | ||
303 | <!-- NEED 3in --> | |
304 | <P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer, but | |
305 | most support the following options (case is not significant): | |
306 | ||
307 | <UL> | |
308 | ||
309 | <LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm) | |
310 | ||
311 | <LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm) | |
312 | ||
313 | <LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm) | |
314 | ||
315 | <LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or | |
316 | 241x105mm) | |
317 | ||
318 | <LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm) | |
319 | ||
320 | <LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source | |
321 | ||
322 | <LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray | |
323 | ||
324 | <LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray | |
325 | ||
326 | <LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray | |
327 | ||
328 | <LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray | |
329 | ||
330 | </UL> | |
331 | ||
332 | <P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file | |
333 | in the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and | |
334 | <CODE>MediaType</CODE> options. | |
335 | ||
336 | <H3>Setting the Orientation</H3> | |
337 | ||
338 | <P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees | |
339 | to print in landscape orientation: | |
340 | ||
341 | <UL><PRE> | |
342 | <B>lp -o landscape filename ENTER</B> | |
343 | <B>lpr -o landscape filename ENTER</B> | |
344 | </PRE></UL> | |
345 | ||
346 | <H3>Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</H3> | |
347 | ||
348 | <P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o | |
349 | sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable duplexing on the | |
350 | printer, if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o | |
351 | sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape | |
352 | pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is | |
353 | suitable for portrait pages: | |
354 | ||
355 | <UL><PRE> | |
356 | <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename ENTER</B> | |
357 | <B>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B> | |
358 | <B>lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename ENTER</B> | |
359 | </PRE></UL> | |
360 | ||
361 | <P>The default is to print single-sided: | |
362 | ||
363 | <UL><PRE> | |
364 | <B>lp -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B> | |
365 | <B>lpr -o sides=one-sided filename ENTER</B> | |
366 | </PRE></UL> | |
367 | ||
368 | <H2>Banner Options</H2> | |
369 | ||
370 | <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files. | |
371 | ||
372 | <H3>Selecting the Banner Page(s)</H3> | |
373 | ||
374 | <P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner page(s) to | |
375 | use for a job: | |
376 | ||
377 | <UL><PRE> | |
378 | <B>lp -o job-sheets=none filename ENTER</B> | |
379 | <B>lp -o job-sheets=standard filename ENTER</B> | |
380 | <B>lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename ENTER</B> | |
381 | </PRE></UL> | |
382 | ||
383 | <P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the | |
384 | files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed after | |
385 | the files in the job. | |
386 | ||
387 | <P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration; CUPS | |
388 | includes the following banner files: | |
389 | ||
390 | <UL> | |
391 | ||
392 | <LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page. | |
393 | ||
394 | <LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a "classified" | |
395 | label at the top and bottom. | |
396 | ||
397 | <LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a | |
398 | "confidential" label at the top and bottom. | |
399 | ||
400 | <LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a "secret" label | |
401 | at the top and bottom. | |
402 | ||
403 | <LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the | |
404 | top and bottom. | |
405 | ||
406 | <LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a "top secret" | |
407 | label at the top and bottom. | |
408 | ||
409 | <LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an | |
410 | "unclassified" label at the top and bottom. | |
411 | ||
412 | </UL> | |
413 | ||
414 | <H2>Document Options</H2> | |
415 | ||
416 | <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files. | |
417 | ||
418 | <H3>Selecting a Range of Pages</H3> | |
419 | ||
420 | <P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of | |
421 | pages for printing: | |
422 | ||
423 | <UL><PRE> | |
424 | <B>lp -o page-ranges=1 filename ENTER</B> | |
425 | <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename ENTER</B> | |
426 | <B>lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B> | |
427 | <B>lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename ENTER</B> | |
428 | </PRE></UL> | |
429 | ||
430 | <P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a | |
431 | range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by | |
432 | commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless | |
433 | of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option. | |
434 | ||
435 | <P>The default is to print all pages. | |
436 | ||
437 | <H3>Selecting Even or Odd Pages</H3> | |
438 | ||
439 | <P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd pages: | |
440 | ||
441 | <UL><PRE> | |
442 | <B>lp -o page-set=odd filename ENTER</B> | |
443 | <B>lp -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B> | |
444 | <B>lpr -o page-set=even filename ENTER</B> | |
445 | </PRE></UL> | |
446 | ||
447 | <P>The default is to print all pages. | |
448 | ||
449 | <H3>N-Up Printing</H3> | |
450 | ||
451 | <P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing. | |
452 | N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page. | |
453 | CUPS supports 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 16-Up formats; the default format is | |
454 | 1-Up: | |
455 | ||
456 | <UL><PRE> | |
457 | <B>lp -o number-up=1 filename ENTER</B> | |
458 | <B>lp -o number-up=2 filename ENTER</B> | |
459 | <B>lp -o number-up=4 filename ENTER</B> | |
460 | <B>lpr -o number-up=16 filename ENTER</B> | |
461 | </PRE></UL> | |
462 | ||
463 | <P>The <CODE>-o page-border=value</CODE> option chooses the border | |
464 | to draw around each page: | |
465 | ||
466 | <UL> | |
467 | <LI><CODE>-o page-border=double</CODE>; draw two hairline borders around each page</LI> | |
468 | <LI><CODE>-o page-border=double-thick</CODE>; draw two 1pt borders around each page</LI> | |
469 | <LI><CODE>-o page-border=none</CODE>; do not draw a border (default)</LI> | |
470 | <LI><CODE>-o page-border=single</CODE>; draw one hairline border around each page</LI> | |
471 | <LI><CODE>-o page-border=single-thick</CODE>; draw one 1pt border around each page</LI> | |
472 | </UL> | |
473 | ||
474 | <P>The <CODE>-o number-up-layout=value</CODE> option chooses the layout | |
475 | of the pages on each output page: | |
476 | ||
477 | <UL> | |
478 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btlr</CODE>; Bottom to top, left to right</LI> | |
479 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btrl</CODE>; Bottom to top, right to left</LI> | |
480 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrbt</CODE>; Left to right, bottom to top</LI> | |
481 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrtb</CODE>; Left to right, top to bottom (default)</LI> | |
482 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rlbt</CODE>; Right to left, bottom to top</LI> | |
483 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rltb</CODE>; Right to left, top to bottom</LI> | |
484 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tblr</CODE>; Top to bottom, left to right</LI> | |
485 | <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tbrl</CODE>; Top to bottom, right to left</LI> | |
486 | </UL> | |
487 | ||
488 | <H3>Setting the Brightness</H3> | |
489 | ||
490 | <P>You can control the overall brightness of the printed output using the | |
491 | <CODE>-o brightness=percent</CODE> option: | |
492 | ||
493 | <UL><PRE> | |
494 | <B>lp -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B> | |
495 | <B>lpr -o brightness=120 filename ENTER</B> | |
496 | </PRE></UL> | |
497 | ||
498 | <P>Values greater than 100 will lighten the print, while values less than | |
499 | 100 will darken it. | |
500 | ||
501 | <H3>Setting the Gamma Correction</H3> | |
502 | ||
503 | <P>You can control the overall gamma correction of the printed output | |
504 | using the <CODE>-o gamma=value</CODE> option: | |
505 | ||
506 | <UL><PRE> | |
507 | <B>lp -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B> | |
508 | <B>lpr -o gamma=1700 filename ENTER</B> | |
509 | </PRE></UL> | |
510 | ||
511 | <P>Values greater than 1000 will lighten the print, while values less | |
512 | than 1000 will darken it. The default gamma is 1000. | |
513 | ||
514 | <H2>Text Options</H2> | |
515 | ||
516 | <P>The following options apply when printing text files. | |
517 | ||
518 | <H3>Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</H3> | |
519 | ||
520 | <P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters per inch: | |
521 | ||
522 | <UL><PRE> | |
523 | <B>lp -o cpi=10 filename ENTER</B> | |
524 | <B>lp -o cpi=12 filename ENTER</B> | |
525 | <B>lpr -o cpi=17 filename ENTER</B> | |
526 | </PRE></UL> | |
527 | ||
528 | <P>The default characters per inch is 10. | |
529 | ||
530 | <H3>Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</H3> | |
531 | ||
532 | <P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per inch: | |
533 | ||
534 | <UL><PRE> | |
535 | <B>lp -o lpi=6 filename ENTER</B> | |
536 | <B>lpr -o lpi=8 filename ENTER</B> | |
537 | </PRE></UL> | |
538 | ||
539 | <P>The default lines per inch is 6. | |
540 | ||
541 | <H3>Setting the Number of Columns</H3> | |
542 | ||
543 | <P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text columns: | |
544 | ||
545 | <UL><PRE> | |
546 | <B>lp -o columns=2 filename ENTER</B> | |
547 | <B>lpr -o columns=3 filename ENTER</B> | |
548 | </PRE></UL> | |
549 | ||
550 | <P>The default number of columns is 1. | |
551 | ||
552 | <H3>Setting the Page Margins</H3> | |
553 | ||
554 | <P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer. | |
555 | Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o | |
556 | page-right=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o | |
557 | page-bottom=value</CODE> options to adjust the page margins: | |
558 | ||
559 | <UL><PRE> | |
560 | <B>lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
561 | <B>lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
562 | <B>lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
563 | <B>lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
564 | <B>lpr -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
565 | </PRE></UL> | |
566 | ||
567 | <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point is 1/72 inch | |
568 | or 0.35mm. | |
569 | ||
570 | <H3>Pretty Printing</H3> | |
571 | ||
572 | <P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of each page with the | |
573 | page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date. Also, C and C++ | |
574 | keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are italicized: | |
575 | ||
576 | <UL><PRE> | |
577 | <B>lp -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B> | |
578 | <B>lpr -o prettyprint filename ENTER</B> | |
579 | </PRE></UL> | |
580 | ||
581 | <H2>Image Options</H2> | |
582 | ||
583 | <P>The following options apply when printing image files. | |
584 | ||
585 | <H3>Positioning the Image</H3> | |
586 | ||
587 | <P>The <CODE>-o position=name</CODE> option specifies the position of the | |
588 | image on the page: | |
589 | ||
590 | <UL> | |
591 | ||
592 | <LI><CODE>center</CODE> - Center the image on the page (default) | |
593 | ||
594 | <LI><CODE>top</CODE> - Print the image centered at the top of the page | |
595 | ||
596 | <LI><CODE>left</CODE> - Print the image centered on the left of page | |
597 | ||
598 | <LI><CODE>right</CODE> - Print the image centered on the right of the page | |
599 | ||
600 | <LI><CODE>top-left</CODE> - Print the image at the top left corner of | |
601 | the page | |
602 | ||
603 | <LI><CODE>top-right</CODE> - Print the image at the top right corner of | |
604 | the page | |
605 | ||
606 | <LI><CODE>bottom</CODE> - Print the image centered at the bottom of | |
607 | the page | |
608 | ||
609 | <LI><CODE>bottom-left</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom left | |
610 | corner of the page | |
611 | ||
612 | <LI><CODE>bottom-right</CODE> - Print the image at the bottom right | |
613 | corner of the page | |
614 | ||
615 | </UL> | |
616 | ||
617 | <H3>Scaling the Image</H3> | |
618 | ||
619 | <P>The <CODE>-o scaling=percent</CODE>, <CODE>-o | |
620 | ppi=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o natural-scaling=percent</CODE> | |
621 | options change the size of a printed image: | |
622 | ||
623 | <UL><PRE> | |
624 | <B>lp -o scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
625 | <B>lp -o ppi=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
626 | <B>lpr -o natural-scaling=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
627 | </PRE></UL> | |
628 | ||
629 | <P>The <CODE>scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 800 | |
630 | specifying the size in relation to the page (<I>not</I> the image.) A | |
631 | scaling of 100 percent will fill the page as completely as the image | |
632 | aspect ratio allows. A scaling of 200 percent will print on up to 4 | |
633 | pages. | |
634 | ||
635 | <P>The <CODE>ppi=value</CODE> value is a number from 1 to 1200 specifying the | |
636 | resolution of the image in pixels per inch. An image that is 3000x2400 | |
637 | pixels will print 10x8 inches at 300 pixels per inch, for example. If | |
638 | the specified resolution makes the image larger than the page, multiple | |
639 | pages will be printed to satisfy the request. | |
640 | ||
641 | <P>The <CODE>natural-scaling=percent</CODE> value is a number | |
642 | from 1 to 800 specifying the size in relation to the natural | |
643 | image size. A scaling of 100 percent will print the image at its | |
644 | natural size, while a scaling of 50 percent will print the image | |
645 | at half its natural size. If the specified scaling makes the | |
646 | image larger than the page, multiple pages will be printed to | |
647 | satisfy the request. | |
648 | ||
649 | <H3>Adjusting the Hue (Tint) of an Image</H3> | |
650 | ||
651 | <P>The <CODE>-o hue=value</CODE> option will adjust the hue of the | |
652 | printed image, much like the tint control on your television: | |
653 | ||
654 | <UL><PRE> | |
655 | <B>lp -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
656 | <B>lpr -o hue=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
657 | </PRE></UL> | |
658 | ||
659 | <!-- NEED 3in --> | |
660 | <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is a number from -360 to 360 and represents the | |
661 | color hue rotation. The following table summarizes the change you'll see with | |
662 | different colors: | |
663 | ||
664 | <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="50%" BORDER="1"> | |
665 | <TR> | |
666 | <TH>Original</TH> | |
667 | <TH>hue=-45</TH> | |
668 | <TH>hue=45</TH> | |
669 | </TR> | |
670 | <TR> | |
671 | <TD>Red</TD> | |
672 | <TD>Purple</TD> | |
673 | <TD>Yellow-orange</TD> | |
674 | </TR> | |
675 | <TR> | |
676 | <TD>Green</TD> | |
677 | <TD>Yellow-green</TD> | |
678 | <TD>Blue-green</TD> | |
679 | </TR> | |
680 | <TR> | |
681 | <TD>Yellow</TD> | |
682 | <TD>Orange</TD> | |
683 | <TD>Green-yellow</TD> | |
684 | </TR> | |
685 | <TR> | |
686 | <TD>Blue</TD> | |
687 | <TD>Sky-blue</TD> | |
688 | <TD>Purple</TD> | |
689 | </TR> | |
690 | <TR> | |
691 | <TD>Magenta</TD> | |
692 | <TD>Indigo</TD> | |
693 | <TD>Crimson</TD> | |
694 | </TR> | |
695 | <TR> | |
696 | <TD>Cyan</TD> | |
697 | <TD>Blue-green</TD> | |
698 | <TD>Light-navy-blue</TD> | |
699 | </TR> | |
700 | </TABLE></CENTER> | |
701 | ||
702 | <P>The default hue adjustment is 0. | |
703 | ||
704 | <H3>Adjusting the Saturation (Color) of an Image</H3> | |
705 | ||
706 | <P>The <CODE>-o saturation=percent</CODE> option adjusts the saturation | |
707 | of the colors in an image, much like the color knob on your television: | |
708 | ||
709 | <UL><PRE> | |
710 | <B>lp -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
711 | <B>lpr -o saturation=<I>percent</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
712 | </PRE></UL> | |
713 | ||
714 | <P>The <CODE>percent</CODE> argument specifies the color saturation | |
715 | from 0 to 200. A color saturation of 0 produces a black-and-white | |
716 | print, while a value of 200 will make the colors extremely intense. | |
717 | ||
718 | <P>The default saturation is 100. | |
719 | ||
720 | <!-- NEED 4in --> | |
721 | <H2>HP-GL/2 Options</H2> | |
722 | ||
723 | <P>The following options apply to HP-GL/2 files. | |
724 | ||
725 | <H3>Printing in Black</H3> | |
726 | ||
727 | <P>The <CODE>-o blackplot</CODE> option specifies that all pens should | |
728 | plot in black: | |
729 | ||
730 | <UL><PRE> | |
731 | <B>lp -o blackplot filename ENTER</B> | |
732 | <B>lpr -o blackplot filename ENTER</B> | |
733 | </PRE></UL> | |
734 | ||
735 | <P>The default is to use the colors defined in the plot file or the | |
736 | standard pen colors defined in the HP-GL/2 reference manual from | |
737 | Hewlett Packard. | |
738 | ||
739 | <H3>Fitting the Plot on the Page</H3> | |
740 | ||
741 | <P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the plot should be | |
742 | scaled to fit on the page: | |
743 | ||
744 | <UL><PRE> | |
745 | <B>lp -o fitplot filename ENTER</B> | |
746 | <B>lpr -o fitplot filename ENTER</B> | |
747 | </PRE></UL> | |
748 | ||
749 | <P>The default is to use the absolute distances specified in the plot | |
750 | file. | |
751 | ||
752 | <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc"> | |
753 | <TR> | |
754 | <TD> | |
755 | <B>NOTE:</B> | |
756 | ||
757 | <P>This feature depends upon an accurate plot size (<CODE>PS</CODE>) | |
758 | command in the HP-GL/2 file. If no plot size is given in the file | |
759 | than the HP-GL/2 filter assumes the plot is ANSI E size. | |
760 | </TD> | |
761 | </TR> | |
762 | </TABLE></CENTER> | |
763 | ||
764 | <H3>Setting the Default Pen Width</H3> | |
765 | ||
766 | <P>The <CODE>-o penwidth=value</CODE> option specifies the default pen | |
767 | width for HP-GL/2 files: | |
768 | ||
769 | <UL><PRE> | |
770 | <B>lp -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
771 | <B>lpr -o penwidth=<I>value</I> filename ENTER</B> | |
772 | </PRE></UL> | |
773 | ||
774 | <P>The pen width <CODE>value</CODE> specifies the pen width in micrometers. | |
775 | The default value of 1000 produces lines that are 1 millimeter in width. | |
776 | Specifying a pen width of 0 produces lines that are exactly 1 pixel wide. | |
777 | ||
778 | <CENTER><TABLE WIDTH="80%" CELLPADDING="5" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#cccccc"> | |
779 | <TR> | |
780 | <TD> | |
781 | <B>NOTE:</B> | |
782 | ||
783 | <P>This option is ignored when the pen widths are set in the | |
784 | plot file. | |
785 | </TD> | |
786 | </TR> | |
787 | </TABLE></CENTER> | |
788 | ||
789 | <H2>Raw or Unfiltered Output</H2> | |
790 | ||
791 | <P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to | |
792 | a printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing | |
793 | from applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your | |
794 | printer: | |
795 | ||
796 | <UL><PRE> | |
797 | <B>lp -o raw filename ENTER</B> | |
798 | <B>lpr -o raw filename ENTER</B> | |
799 | </PRE></UL> | |
800 | ||
801 | <P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the | |
802 | <CODE>lpr</CODE> command to send files directly to a printer: | |
803 | ||
804 | <UL><PRE> | |
805 | <B>lpr -l filename ENTER</B> | |
806 | </PRE></UL> | |
807 | ||
808 | ||
809 | <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="SAVING_OPTIONS">4 - Saving Printer Options and Defaults</A></H1> | |
810 | ||
811 | <P>This chapter describes how to save printer options for your printer and | |
812 | set your own default printer. | |
813 | ||
814 | <H2>Printer Options</H2> | |
815 | ||
816 | <P>Each printer supports a large number of options, which you learned about | |
817 | in <A HREF="#STANDARD_OPTIONS">Chapter 3, "Standard Printer Options"</A>. | |
818 | Rather than specifying these options each time you print a file, CUPS allows | |
819 | you to save them as "default" options for the printer. | |
820 | ||
821 | <P>The <CODE>lpoptions(1)</CODE> command saves the options for your printers. | |
822 | Like the <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands, it accepts printer | |
823 | options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> argument: | |
824 | ||
825 | <UL><PRE> | |
826 | <B>lpoptions -o prettyprint ENTER</B> | |
827 | <B>lpoptions -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B> | |
828 | <B>lpoptions -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B> | |
829 | </PRE></UL> | |
830 | ||
831 | <P>Once saved, any <CODE>lp</CODE> or <CODE>lpr</CODE> command will | |
832 | use them when you print. | |
833 | ||
834 | <H2>Setting Options for a Specific Printer</H2> | |
835 | ||
836 | <P>The previous example shows how to set the options for the default | |
837 | printer. The <CODE>-p printer</CODE> option specifies the options are | |
838 | for another printer: | |
839 | ||
840 | <UL><PRE> | |
841 | <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o prettyprint ENTER</B> | |
842 | <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -o media=A4 -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B> | |
843 | <B>lpoptions -p deskjet -o media=Legal -o scaling=100 ENTER</B> | |
844 | </PRE></UL> | |
845 | ||
846 | <H2>Removing Options</H2> | |
847 | ||
848 | <P>The previous two examples shows how to set options for the default | |
849 | and a specific printer. Below, shows you how to remove the saved | |
850 | option using the <CODE>-r</CODE> argument: | |
851 | ||
852 | <UL><PRE> | |
853 | <KBD>lpoptions -r prettyprint <I>ENTER</I></KBD> | |
854 | <KBD>lpoptions -p laserjet -r prettyprint <I>ENTER</I></KBD> | |
855 | </PRE></UL> | |
856 | ||
857 | <H2>Viewing the Current Defaults</H2> | |
858 | ||
859 | <P>The <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> command can also be used to show the current | |
860 | options by not specifying any new options on the command-line: | |
861 | ||
862 | <UL><PRE> | |
863 | <B>lpoptions ENTER</B> | |
864 | media=A4 sides=two-sided-long-edge | |
865 | <B>lpoptions -p deskjet ENTER</B> | |
866 | media=Legal scaling=100 | |
867 | </PRE></UL> | |
868 | ||
869 | <H2>Viewing Options for a Specific Printer</H2> | |
870 | ||
871 | <P>You can display the supported options using the <CODE>lpoptions</CODE> | |
872 | command with the <CODE>-l</CODE> option, as follows: | |
873 | ||
874 | <UL><PRE> | |
875 | <B>lpoptions -p laserjet -l ENTER</B> | |
876 | </PRE></UL> | |
877 | ||
878 | <H2>Setting the Default Printer</H2> | |
879 | ||
880 | <P>The administrator normally will set a system-wide default printer | |
881 | that is normally used as the default printer by everyone. Use the | |
882 | <CODE>-d printer</CODE> option to set your own default printer: | |
883 | ||
884 | <UL><PRE> | |
885 | <B>lpoptions -d deskjet ENTER</B> | |
886 | </PRE></UL> | |
887 | ||
888 | <P>The printer can be local (<CODE>deskjet</CODE>) or remote | |
889 | (<CODE>deskjet@server</CODE>). | |
890 | ||
891 | <H2>Printer Instances</H2> | |
892 | ||
893 | <P>Besides setting options for each print queue, CUPS supports | |
894 | <I>printer instances</I> which allow you to define several different | |
895 | sets of options for each printer. You specify a printer instance using | |
896 | the slash (<CODE>/</CODE>) character: | |
897 | ||
898 | <UL><PRE> | |
899 | <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/duplex -o sides=two-sided-long-edge ENTER</B> | |
900 | <B>lpoptions -p laserjet/legal -o media=Legal ENTER</B> | |
901 | </PRE></UL> | |
902 | ||
903 | <P>The <CODE>lp</CODE> and <CODE>lpr</CODE> commands also understand | |
904 | this notation: | |
905 | ||
906 | <UL><PRE> | |
907 | <B>lp -d laserjet/duplex filename ENTER</B> | |
908 | <B>lpr -P laserjet/legal filename ENTER</B> | |
909 | </PRE></UL> | |
910 | ||
911 | <H2>Removing Instances</H2> | |
912 | ||
913 | <P>Use the <CODE>-x printer/instance</CODE> option to remove a printer | |
914 | instance that you no longer need: | |
915 | ||
916 | <UL><PRE> | |
917 | <B>lpoptions -x laserjet ENTER</B> | |
918 | <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/duplex ENTER</B> | |
919 | <B>lpoptions -x laserjet/legal ENTER</B> | |
920 | </PRE></UL> | |
921 | ||
922 | <P>The <CODE>-x</CODE> option only removes the default options for that | |
923 | printer and instance; the original print queue will remain until deleted | |
924 | with the <CODE>lpadmin(8)</CODE> command by the administrator. | |
925 | ||
926 | ||
927 | <H1 ALIGN="RIGHT"><A NAME="LICENSE">A - Software License | |
928 | Agreement</A></H1> | |
929 | ||
930 | <EMBED SRC="../LICENSE.html"> | |
931 | ||
932 | </BODY> | |
933 | </HTML> |