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1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2
3%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger.
42a4f53d 4%Copyright (C) 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
6%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices
7%are preserved on all copies.
8%
9%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source
10%for a program to generate a reference.
11%
12%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7785b880 14%the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
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15%any later version.
16%
17%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
18%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
20%General Public License for more details.
21%
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22%You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23%along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24%
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25%You can contact the maintainer at: doc@cygnus.com
26%
27% Documentation Department
28% Cygnus Solutions
29% 1325 Chesapeake Terrace
30% Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA
31%
32% +1 800 CYGNUS-1
33%
34%
35%
36% 22-AUG-1993 Andreas Vogel
37%
38% Modifications made in order to handle different papersizes correctly.
39% You only have to set the total width and height of the paper, the
40% horizontal and vertical margin space measured from *paper edge*
41% and the interline and interspec spacing.
42% In order to support a new papersize, you have to fiddle with the
43% latter four dimensions. Just try out a few values.
44% All other values will be computed at process time so it should be
45% quite easy to support different paper sizes - only four values to
46% guess :-)
47%
48% To find the configuration places, just search for the string
49% "CONFIGURATION".
50%
51% Andreas Vogel (av@ssw.de)
52%
53%
54%
55% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print
56% out in a larger font. Caution! You may need larger paper. You had
57% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this. See the ``Three
58% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column
59% format.
60%
61%\magnification=\magstep 1
62%
63% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB
64% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose
65% to omit. In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor
66% all variations of a command.
67% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default
68% keybindings. GDB startup options are not described.
16899756 69% set print sevenbit-strings omitted.
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70% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily
71% share omitted due to obsolescence
72% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB.
73%
74%-------------------- Three column format -----------------------
75
76%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section
77
78% Three-column format for landscape printing
79
80%-------- Papersize defs:
81
82\newdimen\totalwidth \newdimen\totalheight
83\newdimen\hmargin \newdimen\vmargin
84\newdimen\secskip \newdimen\lskip
85\newdimen\barwidth \newdimen\barheight
86\newdimen\intersecwidth
87
88%%
89%% START CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS
90%------- Papersize params:
91%% US letter paper (8.5x11in)
92%%
93\totalwidth=11in % total width of paper
94\totalheight=8.5in % total height of paper
95\hmargin=.25in % horizontal margin width
96\vmargin=.25in % vertical margin width
97\secskip=1pc % space between refcard secs
98\lskip=2pt % extra skip between \sec entries
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99\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else % check if we are using pdfTeX
100 \pdfpagewidth=\totalwidth % width of paper in pdf output
101 \pdfpageheight=\totalheight % height of paper in pdf output
102\fi
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103%------- end papersize params
104%%
105%% change according to personal taste, not papersize dependent
106%%
107\barwidth=.1pt % width of the cropmark bar
108\barheight=2pt % height of the cropmark bar
109\intersecwidth=0.5em % width between \itmwid and \dfnwid
110%%
111%% END CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS
112%%
113
114%%
115%% values to be computed - nothing to configure
116%%
117\newdimen\fullhsize % width of area without margins
118\newdimen\itmwid % width of item column
119\newdimen\dfnwid % width of definition column
120\newdimen\temp % only for temporary use
121
122%%
123%% adjust the offsets so the margins are measured *from paper edge*
124%%
125\hoffset=-1in \advance \hoffset by \hmargin
126\voffset=-1in \advance \voffset by \vmargin
127
128%%
129%% fullhsize = totalwidth - (2 * hmargin)
130%%
131\fullhsize=\totalwidth
132\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \fullhsize by -\temp
133
134%%
135%% hsize = (fullhsize - (4 * hmargin) - (2 * barwidth)) / 3
136%%
137\hsize=\fullhsize
138\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 4 \advance \hsize by -\temp
139\temp=\barwidth \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \hsize by -\temp
140\divide \hsize by 3
141
142%%
143%% vsize = totalheight - (2 * vmargin)
144%%
145\vsize=\totalheight
146\temp=\vmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \vsize by -\temp
147
148%%
149%% itmwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 1/3
150%% dfnwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 2/3
151%%
152\temp=\hsize \advance \temp by -\intersecwidth \divide \temp by 3
153\itmwid=\temp
154\dfnwid=\hsize \advance \dfnwid by -\itmwid
155
156%-------- end papersize defs
157
158
159\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize}
160\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn
161\output={\if L\lcr
162 \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C
163 \else
164 \if C\lcr
165 \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R
166 \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L
167 \fi
168 \fi
169% \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
170 }
171
172%%
173%% START CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES
174%%
175%% For NO printed folding guide,
176%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
177
178%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil\hskip\barwidth plus1fil\hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
179
180%% For SOLID LINE folding guide,
181%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
182
183%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil \vrule width \barwidth \hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
184
185%% For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide,
186%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
187
188\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil
189\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}\vfill
190\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}}%THIS PERCENT SIGN IS ESSENTIAL
191\hskip\hmargin plus1fil}
192
193%%
194%% END CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES
195%%
196
197\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor
198 \box\centercolumn\vdecor
199 \columnbox}
200 }
201 \advancepageno}
202\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
203\def\bye{\par\vfill
204 \supereject
205 \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi
206 \end}
207
208%-------------------- end three column format -----------------------
209
210%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: --------------------
211\font\bbf=cmbx10
212\font\vbbf=cmbx12
213\font\smrm=cmr6
214\font\brm=cmr10
215\font\rm=cmr7
216\font\it=cmti7
217\font\tt=cmtt8
218%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
219
220%
221\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom
222\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt
223%
224\parindent=0pt
225\parskip=0pt
226\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}}
227%
228\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}}
229\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}}
230\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}}
231%
232\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip \secskip
233\halign{%
234%COL 1 (of halign):
235\vtop{\hsize=\itmwid\tt
236##\par\vskip \lskip }\hfil
237%COL 2 (of halign):
238&\vtop{\hsize=\dfnwid\hangafter=1\hangindent=\intersecwidth
239\rm ##\par\vskip \lskip}\cr
240%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args:
241\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip \lskip}
242#2
243}
244}
245
b157b00f 246{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 5}\qquad
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247
248\sec Essential Commands;
249gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using
250coredump {\it core}}\cr
251b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
252run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr
253bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr
254p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr
255c &continue running your program\cr
256n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr
257s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr
258\endsec
259
260\sec Starting GDB;
261gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr
262gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr
263gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it
264program}\cr
265gdb --help&describe command line options\cr
266\endsec
267
268\sec Stopping GDB;
269quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr
270INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr
271\endsec
272
273\sec Getting Help;
274help&list classes of commands\cr
275help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr
276help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr
277\endsec
278
279\sec Executing your Program;
280run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr
281run&start your program with current argument list\cr
282run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output
283redirected\cr
284\cr
285kill&kill running program\cr
286\cr
287tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr
288set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next
289{\tt run}\cr
290set args&specify empty argument list\cr
291show args&display argument list\cr
292\cr
293show env&show all environment variables\cr
294show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr
295set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr
296unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr
297\endsec
298
299\sec Shell Commands;
300cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr
301pwd&Print working directory\cr
302make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr
303shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr
304\endsec
305
306\vfill
307\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show
308one or more arguments}
309\vskip\baselineskip
c97a7739 310\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1998-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back}
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311\eject
312\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints;
313break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par
314b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par
315eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr
316break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it func}&set breakpoint at {\it
317func} \opt{in \it file}\cr
318break +{\it offset}\par
319break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr
320break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr
321break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr
322break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr
323cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint
324{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr
325tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr
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326rbreak \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it
327regex} \opt{in \it file}\cr
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328watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr
329catch {\it event}&break at {\it event}, which may be {\tt catch}, {\tt throw},
330{\tt exec}, {\tt fork}, {\tt vfork}, {\tt load}, or {\tt unload}.\cr
331\cr
332info break&show defined breakpoints\cr
333info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr
334\cr
335clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr
336clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr
337clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr
338delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints
339\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr
340\cr
341disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints
342\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
343\cr
344enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints
345\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
346\cr
347enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
348disable again when reached
349\cr
350enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
351delete when reached
352\cr
353\cr
354ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count}
355times\cr
356\cr
357commands {\it n}\par
358\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par
359\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default
360display}\cr
361end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
362\endsec
363
364\sec Program Stack;
365backtrace \opt{\it n}\par
366bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n}
367frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr
368frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it
369n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr
370up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr
371down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr
372info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at
373{\it addr}\cr
374info args&arguments of selected frame\cr
375info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr
376info reg \opt{\it rn}$\ldots$\par
377info all-reg \opt{\it rn}&register values \opt{for regs {\it rn\/}} in
378selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr
379\endsec
380
381\vfill\eject
382\sec Execution Control;
383continue \opt{\it count}\par
384c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore
385this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr
386\cr
387step \opt{\it count}\par
388s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if
389specified\cr
390stepi \opt{\it count}\par
391si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source
392lines\cr
393\cr
394next \opt{\it count}\par
395n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr
396nexti \opt{\it count}\par
397ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source
398line\cr
399\cr
400until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it
401location})\cr
402finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr
403return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing
404\opt{setting return value}\cr
405signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr
406jump {\it line}\par
407jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or
408{\it address}\cr
409set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for
410altering program variables\cr
411\endsec
412
413\sec Display;
414print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par
415p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or
416last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr
417\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr
418\qquad d&signed decimal\cr
419\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr
420\qquad o&octal\cr
421\qquad t&binary\cr
422\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr
423\qquad c&character\cr
424\qquad f&floating point\cr
425call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display
426{\tt void}\cr
427x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr};
428optional format spec follows slash\cr
429\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr
430\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr
431&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr
432&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr
433&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr
434&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr
435\quad {\it f}&printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr
436&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr
437&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr
438disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr
439\endsec
440
441\sec Automatic Display;
442display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time
443program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr
444display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr
445undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of
446automatically displayed expressions\cr
447disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it
448n}\cr
449enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it
450n}\cr
451info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr
452\endsec
453
454\vfill\eject
455
456\sec Expressions;
457{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr
458{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it
459addr}\cr
460{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it
461file}\cr
462$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified
463{\it type}\cr
464\$&most recent displayed value\cr
465\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr
466\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr
467\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr
468\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr
469\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr
470\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr
471\cr
472show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding
473\${\it n}}\cr
474show conv&display all convenience variables\cr
475\endsec
476
477\sec Symbol Table;
478info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr
479info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions
480(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr
481info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all,
482or matching {\it regex})\cr
483whatis \opt{\it expr}\par
484ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$}
485without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr
486ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr
487\endsec
488
489\sec GDB Scripts;
490source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it
491script}\cr
492\cr
493define {\it cmd}\par
494\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd};
495execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr
496end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
497document {\it cmd}\par
498\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation
499for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr
500end&end of {\it help-text}\cr
501\endsec
502
503\sec Signals;
504handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr
505\quad print&announce signal\cr
506\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr
507\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr
508\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr
509\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr
510\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr
511info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr
512\endsec
513
514\sec Debugging Targets;
515target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr
516help target&display available targets\cr
517attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr
518detach&release target from GDB control\cr
519\endsec
520
521\vfill\eject
522\sec Controlling GDB;
523set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr
524show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr
525\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:}
526\quad complaint {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr
527\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr
528\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr
529\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr
530\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or
531{\tt modula-2})\cr
532\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr
533\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr
534\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr
535\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading
536symbols\cr
537\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr
538\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files
539(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core})
540\cr
541\quad history $\ldots$\par
542\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
543\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr
544\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr
545\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr
546\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for
547command history\cr
548\cr
549\quad print $\ldots$\par
550\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
551\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks,
552values\cr
553\quad p array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for
554arrays\cr
555\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++
556symbols\cr
557\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in
558machine-instruction output\cr
559\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr
560\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr
561\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr
562\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr
563\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function
564tables\cr
565\cr
566show commands&show last 10 commands\cr
567show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr
568show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr
569\endsec
570
571\sec Working Files;
572file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable;
573with no arg, discard both\cr
574core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr
575exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr
576symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr
577load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr
578add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file},
579dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr
580info files&display working files and targets in use\cr
581path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for
582executable and symbol files\cr
583show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr
584info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr
585\endsec
586
587\vfill\eject
588\sec Source Files;
589dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr
590dir&clear source path\cr
591show dir&show current source path\cr
592\cr
593list&show next ten lines of source\cr
594list -&show previous ten lines\cr
595list {\it lines}&display source surrounding {\it lines},
596specified as:\cr
597\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr
598\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in
599named file}\cr
600\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr
601\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr
602\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr
603list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr
604info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for
605source line {\it num}\cr
606info source&show name of current source file\cr
607info sources&list all source files in use\cr
608forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr
609rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr
610\endsec
611
612\sec GDB under GNU Emacs;
613M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr
614\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr
615M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr
616M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr
617M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr
618\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr
619M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr
620M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr
621M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr
622\ctl{x} \&&copy number from point, insert at end\cr
623\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr
624\endsec
625
626\sec GDB License;
627show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr
628show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB. Display full no-warranty
629statement.\cr
630\endsec
631
632
633\vfill
634{\smrm\parskip=6pt
c97a7739 635Copyright \copyright 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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636Author: Roland H. Pesch
637
638The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card.
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639
640This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
641General Public License.
642
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643Please contribute to development of this card by
644annotating it. Improvements can be sent to bug-gdb@gnu.org.
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645
646GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of
647it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. There is
648absolutely no warranty for GDB.
649}
650\end