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1/*
2 * Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.
3 * All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Michael Rendell of Memorial University of Newfoundland.
7 *
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * are met:
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
23 *
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 * SUCH DAMAGE.
35 */
36
37#ifndef lint
38char copyright[] =
39"@(#) Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California.\n\
40 All rights reserved.\n";
41#endif /* not lint */
42
43#ifndef lint
44static char sccsid[] = "@(#)tsort.c 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/1/90";
45#endif /* not lint */
46
47#include <sys/types.h>
48#include <errno.h>
49#include <stdio.h>
50#include <ctype.h>
51#include <string.h>
52
53/*
54 * Topological sort. Input is a list of pairs of strings seperated by
55 * white space (spaces, tabs, and/or newlines); strings are written to
56 * standard output in sorted order, one per line.
57 *
58 * usage:
59 * tsort [inputfile]
60 * If no input file is specified, standard input is read.
61 *
62 * Should be compatable with AT&T tsort HOWEVER the output is not identical
63 * (i.e. for most graphs there is more than one sorted order, and this tsort
64 * usually generates a different one then the AT&T tsort). Also, cycle
65 * reporting seems to be more accurate in this version (the AT&T tsort
66 * sometimes says a node is in a cycle when it isn't).
67 *
68 * Michael Rendell, michael@stretch.cs.mun.ca - Feb 26, '90
69 */
70#define HASHSIZE 53 /* doesn't need to be big */
71#define NF_MARK 0x1 /* marker for cycle detection */
72#define NF_ACYCLIC 0x2 /* this node is cycle free */
73
74typedef struct node_str NODE;
75
76struct node_str {
77 char *n_name; /* name of this node */
78 NODE **n_prevp; /* pointer to previous node's n_next */
79 NODE *n_next; /* next node in graph */
80 NODE *n_hash; /* next node in hash table */
81 int n_narcs; /* number of arcs in n_arcs[] */
82 int n_arcsize; /* size of n_arcs[] array */
83 NODE **n_arcs; /* array of arcs to other nodes */
84 int n_refcnt; /* # of arcs pointing to this node */
85 int n_flags; /* NF_* */
86};
87
88typedef struct _buf {
89 char *b_buf;
90 int b_bsize;
91} BUF;
92
93NODE *add_node(), *find_node();
94void add_arc(), no_memory(), remove_node(), tsort();
95char *grow_buf(), *malloc();
fd6b7a7f 96int find_cycle(NODE *, NODE *, int, int);
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97
98extern int errno;
99NODE *graph;
100NODE *hashtable[HASHSIZE];
101NODE **cycle_buf;
102NODE **longest_cycle;
103
fd6b7a7f 104int
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105main(argc, argv)
106 int argc;
107 char **argv;
108{
109 register BUF *b;
110 register int c, n;
111 FILE *fp;
112 int bsize, nused;
113 BUF bufs[2];
114
115 if (argc < 2)
116 fp = stdin;
117 /* == becomes > in next line per Volker Meyer_zu_Bexten
118 <vmzb@ims.fhg.de> -- faith@cs.unc.edu, Sat Feb 4 21:25:09 1995 */
119 else if (argc > 2) {
120 (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: tsort [ inputfile ]\n");
121 exit(1);
122 } else if (!(fp = fopen(argv[1], "r"))) {
123 (void)fprintf(stderr, "tsort: %s.\n", strerror(errno));
124 exit(1);
125 }
126
127 for (b = bufs, n = 2; --n >= 0; b++)
128 b->b_buf = grow_buf((char *)NULL, b->b_bsize = 1024);
129
130 /* parse input and build the graph */
131 for (n = 0, c = getc(fp);;) {
132 while (c != EOF && isspace(c))
133 c = getc(fp);
134 if (c == EOF)
135 break;
136
137 nused = 0;
138 b = &bufs[n];
139 bsize = b->b_bsize;
140 do {
141 b->b_buf[nused++] = c;
142 if (nused == bsize) {
143 bsize *= 2;
144 b->b_buf = grow_buf(b->b_buf, bsize);
145 }
146 c = getc(fp);
147 } while (c != EOF && !isspace(c));
148
149 b->b_buf[nused] = '\0';
150 b->b_bsize = bsize;
151 if (n)
152 add_arc(bufs[0].b_buf, bufs[1].b_buf);
153 n = !n;
154 }
155 (void)fclose(fp);
156 if (n) {
157 (void)fprintf(stderr, "tsort: odd data count.\n");
158 exit(1);
159 }
160
161 /* do the sort */
162 tsort();
fd6b7a7f 163 return 0;
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164}
165
166/* double the size of oldbuf and return a pointer to the new buffer. */
167char *
168grow_buf(bp, size)
169 char *bp;
170 int size;
171{
172 char *realloc();
173
174 if (!(bp = realloc(bp, (u_int)size)))
175 no_memory();
176 return(bp);
177}
178
179/*
180 * add an arc from node s1 to node s2 in the graph. If s1 or s2 are not in
181 * the graph, then add them.
182 */
183void
184add_arc(s1, s2)
185 char *s1, *s2;
186{
187 register NODE *n1;
188 NODE *n2;
189 int bsize;
190
191 n1 = find_node(s1);
192 if (!n1)
193 n1 = add_node(s1);
194
195 if (!strcmp(s1, s2))
196 return;
197
198 n2 = find_node(s2);
199 if (!n2)
200 n2 = add_node(s2);
201
202 /*
203 * could check to see if this arc is here already, but it isn't
204 * worth the bother -- there usually isn't and it doesn't hurt if
205 * there is (I think :-).
206 */
207 if (n1->n_narcs == n1->n_arcsize) {
208 if (!n1->n_arcsize)
209 n1->n_arcsize = 10;
210 bsize = n1->n_arcsize * sizeof(*n1->n_arcs) * 2;
211 n1->n_arcs = (NODE **)grow_buf((char *)n1->n_arcs, bsize);
212 n1->n_arcsize = bsize / sizeof(*n1->n_arcs);
213 }
214 n1->n_arcs[n1->n_narcs++] = n2;
215 ++n2->n_refcnt;
216}
217
fd6b7a7f 218int
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219hash_string(s)
220 char *s;
221{
222 register int hash, i;
223
224 for (hash = 0, i = 1; *s; s++, i++)
225 hash += *s * i;
226 return(hash % HASHSIZE);
227}
228
229/*
230 * find a node in the graph and return a pointer to it - returns null if not
231 * found.
232 */
233NODE *
234find_node(name)
235 char *name;
236{
237 register NODE *n;
238
239 for (n = hashtable[hash_string(name)]; n; n = n->n_hash)
240 if (!strcmp(n->n_name, name))
241 return(n);
242 return((NODE *)NULL);
243}
244
245/* Add a node to the graph and return a pointer to it. */
246NODE *
247add_node(name)
248 char *name;
249{
250 register NODE *n;
251 int hash;
252
253 if (!(n = (NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE))) || !(n->n_name = strdup(name)))
254 no_memory();
255
256 n->n_narcs = 0;
257 n->n_arcsize = 0;
258 n->n_arcs = (NODE **)NULL;
259 n->n_refcnt = 0;
260 n->n_flags = 0;
261
262 /* add to linked list */
fd6b7a7f 263 if ((n->n_next = graph) != NULL)
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264 graph->n_prevp = &n->n_next;
265 n->n_prevp = &graph;
266 graph = n;
267
268 /* add to hash table */
269 hash = hash_string(name);
270 n->n_hash = hashtable[hash];
271 hashtable[hash] = n;
272 return(n);
273}
274
275/* do topological sort on graph */
276void
277tsort()
278{
279 register NODE *n, *next;
280 register int cnt;
281
282 while (graph) {
283 /*
284 * keep getting rid of simple cases until there are none left,
285 * if there are any nodes still in the graph, then there is
286 * a cycle in it.
287 */
288 do {
289 for (cnt = 0, n = graph; n; n = next) {
290 next = n->n_next;
291 if (n->n_refcnt == 0) {
292 remove_node(n);
293 ++cnt;
294 }
295 }
296 } while (graph && cnt);
297
298 if (!graph)
299 break;
300
301 if (!cycle_buf) {
302 /*
303 * allocate space for two cycle logs - one to be used
304 * as scratch space, the other to save the longest
305 * cycle.
306 */
307 for (cnt = 0, n = graph; n; n = n->n_next)
308 ++cnt;
309 cycle_buf =
310 (NODE **)malloc((u_int)sizeof(NODE *) * cnt);
311 longest_cycle =
312 (NODE **)malloc((u_int)sizeof(NODE *) * cnt);
313 if (!cycle_buf || !longest_cycle)
314 no_memory();
315 }
316 for (n = graph; n; n = n->n_next)
317 if (!(n->n_flags & NF_ACYCLIC)) {
fd6b7a7f 318 if ((cnt = find_cycle(n, n, 0, 0)) != 0) {
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319 register int i;
320
321 (void)fprintf(stderr,
322 "tsort: cycle in data.\n");
323 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
324 (void)fprintf(stderr,
325 "tsort: %s.\n", longest_cycle[i]->n_name);
326 remove_node(n);
327 break;
328 } else
329 /* to avoid further checks */
330 n->n_flags = NF_ACYCLIC;
331 }
332
333 if (!n) {
334 (void)fprintf(stderr,
335 "tsort: internal error -- could not find cycle.\n");
336 exit(1);
337 }
338 }
339}
340
341/* print node and remove from graph (does not actually free node) */
342void
343remove_node(n)
344 register NODE *n;
345{
346 register NODE **np;
347 register int i;
348
349 (void)printf("%s\n", n->n_name);
350 for (np = n->n_arcs, i = n->n_narcs; --i >= 0; np++)
351 --(*np)->n_refcnt;
352 n->n_narcs = 0;
353 *n->n_prevp = n->n_next;
354 if (n->n_next)
355 n->n_next->n_prevp = n->n_prevp;
356}
357
358/* look for the longest cycle from node from to node to. */
fd6b7a7f 359int
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360find_cycle(from, to, longest_len, depth)
361 NODE *from, *to;
362 int depth, longest_len;
363{
364 register NODE **np;
365 register int i, len;
366
367 /*
368 * avoid infinite loops and ignore portions of the graph known
369 * to be acyclic
370 */
371 if (from->n_flags & (NF_MARK|NF_ACYCLIC))
372 return(0);
373 from->n_flags = NF_MARK;
374
375 for (np = from->n_arcs, i = from->n_narcs; --i >= 0; np++) {
376 cycle_buf[depth] = *np;
377 if (*np == to) {
378 if (depth + 1 > longest_len) {
379 longest_len = depth + 1;
380 (void)memcpy((char *)longest_cycle,
381 (char *)cycle_buf,
382 longest_len * sizeof(NODE *));
383 }
384 } else {
385 len = find_cycle(*np, to, longest_len, depth + 1);
386 if (len > longest_len)
387 longest_len = len;
388 }
389 }
390 from->n_flags &= ~NF_MARK;
391 return(longest_len);
392}
393
394void
395no_memory()
396{
397 (void)fprintf(stderr, "tsort: %s.\n", strerror(ENOMEM));
398 exit(1);
399}