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fd6b7a7f | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer |
6dbe3af9 | 2 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
3 | .\" This page is somewhat derived from a page that was |
4 | .\" (c) 1980, 1989, 1991 The Regents of the University of California | |
5 | .\" and had been heavily modified by Rik Faith and myself. | |
6 | .\" (Probably no BSD text remains.) | |
7 | .\" Fragments of text were written by Werner Almesberger, Remy Card, | |
8 | .\" Stephen Tweedie and Eric Youngdale. | |
6dbe3af9 | 9 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
10 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
11 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
12 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
13 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
6dbe3af9 | 14 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
15 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" |
16 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
17 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
18 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
6dbe3af9 | 19 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
20 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
21 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
22 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
23 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
6dbe3af9 | 24 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
25 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public |
26 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free | |
27 | .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, | |
28 | .\" USA. | |
6dbe3af9 | 29 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 30 | .\" 960705, aeb: version for mount-2.7g |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
31 | .\" 970114, aeb: xiafs and ext are dead; romfs is new |
32 | .\" 970623, aeb: -F option | |
2b6fc908 | 33 | .\" 970914, reg: -s option |
5c36a0eb KZ |
34 | .\" 981111, K.Garloff: /etc/filesystems |
35 | .\" 990111, aeb: documented /sbin/mount.smbfs | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
36 | .\" 990730, Yann Droneaud <lch@multimania.com>: updated page |
37 | .\" 991214, Elrond <Elrond@Wunder-Nett.org>: added some docs on devpts | |
e8f26419 | 38 | .\" 010725, Nikita Danilov <NikitaDanilov@Yahoo.COM>: reiserfs options |
612721db | 39 | .\" 011124, Karl Eichwalder <ke@gnu.franken.de>: tmpfs options |
fd6b7a7f | 40 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 41 | .TH MOUNT 8 "14 September 1997" "Linux 2.0" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
6dbe3af9 | 42 | .SH NAME |
fd6b7a7f | 43 | mount \- mount a file system |
6dbe3af9 | 44 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
22853e4a | 45 | .BI "mount [\-lhV]" |
fd6b7a7f | 46 | .LP |
2b6fc908 | 47 | .BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype ] |
6dbe3af9 | 48 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 49 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir" |
6dbe3af9 | 50 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 51 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
52 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
53 | All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big | |
54 | tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at | |
55 | .BR / . | |
56 | These files can be spread out over several devices. The | |
57 | .B mount | |
58 | command serves to attach the file system found on some device | |
59 | to the big file tree. Conversely, the | |
60 | .BR umount (8) | |
61 | command will detach it again. | |
62 | ||
63 | The standard form of the | |
64 | .B mount | |
65 | command, is | |
66 | .RS | |
67 | .br | |
68 | .BI "mount \-t" " type device dir" | |
69 | .RE | |
70 | This tells the kernel to attach the file system found on | |
71 | .I device | |
72 | (which is of type | |
73 | .IR type ) | |
74 | at the directory | |
75 | .IR dir . | |
76 | The previous contents (if any) and owner and mode of | |
77 | .I dir | |
78 | become invisible, and as long as this file system remains mounted, | |
79 | the pathname | |
80 | .I dir | |
81 | refers to the root of the file system on | |
82 | .IR device . | |
83 | ||
84 | Three forms of invocation do not actually mount anything: | |
85 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 86 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
87 | .B "mount \-h" |
88 | .RE | |
89 | prints a help message; | |
90 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 91 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
92 | .B "mount \-V" |
93 | .RE | |
94 | prints a version string; and just | |
95 | .RS | |
22853e4a | 96 | .BI "mount [-l] [-t" " type" ] |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
97 | .RE |
98 | lists all mounted file systems (of type | |
22853e4a | 99 | .IR type ). |
e8f26419 | 100 | The option \-l adds the (ext2, ext3 and XFS) labels in this listing. |
22853e4a | 101 | See below. |
fd6b7a7f | 102 | |
66ee8158 KZ |
103 | .\" In fact since 2.3.99. At first the syntax was mount -t bind. |
104 | Since Linux 2.4.0 it is possible to remount part of the | |
105 | file hierarchy somewhere else. The call is | |
106 | .RS | |
107 | .br | |
108 | .B "mount --bind olddir newdir" | |
109 | .RE | |
110 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 111 | The |
726f69e2 KZ |
112 | .I proc |
113 | file system is not associated with a special device, and when | |
114 | mounting it, an arbitrary keyword, such as | |
115 | .I proc | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
116 | can be used instead of a device specification. |
117 | (The customary choice | |
726f69e2 | 118 | .I none |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
119 | is less fortunate: the error message `none busy' from |
120 | .B umount | |
726f69e2 | 121 | can be confusing.) |
6dbe3af9 | 122 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
123 | Most devices are indicated by a file name (of a block special device), like |
124 | .IR /dev/sda1 , | |
125 | but there are other possibilities. For example, in the case of an NFS mount, | |
126 | .I device | |
127 | may look like | |
128 | .IR knuth.cwi.nl:/dir . | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
129 | It is possible to indicate a block special device using its |
130 | volume label or UUID (see the \-L and \-U options below). | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
131 | |
132 | The file | |
133 | .I /etc/fstab | |
134 | (see | |
135 | .BR fstab (5)), | |
136 | may contain lines describing what devices are usually | |
137 | mounted where, using which options. This file is used in three ways: | |
138 | .LP | |
139 | (i) The command | |
140 | .RS | |
141 | .br | |
142 | .BI "mount \-a [-t" " type" ] | |
143 | .RE | |
144 | (usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in | |
145 | .I fstab | |
146 | (of the proper type) to be mounted as indicated, except for those | |
147 | whose line contains the | |
148 | .B noauto | |
149 | keyword. Adding the | |
150 | .B \-F | |
151 | option will make mount fork, so that the | |
152 | filesystems are mounted simultaneously. | |
153 | .LP | |
154 | (ii) When mounting a file system mentioned in | |
155 | .IR fstab , | |
156 | it suffices to give only the device, or only the mount point. | |
157 | .LP | |
158 | (iii) Normally, only the superuser can mount file systems. | |
159 | However, when | |
160 | .I fstab | |
161 | contains the | |
162 | .B user | |
163 | option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding system. | |
164 | .LP | |
165 | Thus, given a line | |
166 | .RS | |
167 | .br | |
168 | .B "/dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide" | |
169 | .RE | |
170 | any user can mount the iso9660 file system found on his CDROM | |
171 | using the command | |
172 | .RS | |
173 | .br | |
174 | .B "mount /dev/cdrom" | |
175 | .RE | |
176 | or | |
177 | .RS | |
178 | .br | |
179 | .B "mount /cd" | |
180 | .RE | |
181 | For more details, see | |
182 | .BR fstab (5). | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
183 | Only the user that mounted a filesystem can unmount it again. |
184 | If any user should be able to unmount, then use | |
185 | .B users | |
186 | instead of | |
187 | .B user | |
188 | in the | |
189 | .I fstab | |
190 | line. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
191 | The |
192 | .B owner | |
193 | option is similar to the | |
194 | .B user | |
195 | option, with the restriction that the user must be the owner | |
196 | of the special file. This may be useful e.g. for | |
197 | .I /dev/fd | |
198 | if a login script makes the console user owner of this device. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
199 | |
200 | The programs | |
201 | .B mount | |
202 | and | |
203 | .B umount | |
204 | maintain a list of currently mounted file systems in the file | |
205 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
206 | If no arguments are given to | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
207 | .BR mount , |
208 | this list is printed. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
209 | When the |
210 | .I proc | |
211 | filesystem is mounted (say at | |
212 | .IR /proc ), | |
213 | the files | |
214 | .I /etc/mtab | |
215 | and | |
216 | .I /proc/mounts | |
217 | have very similar contents. The former has somewhat | |
218 | more information, such as the mount options used, | |
219 | but is not necessarily up-to-date (cf. the | |
220 | .B \-n | |
221 | option below). It is possible to replace | |
222 | .I /etc/mtab | |
223 | by a symbolic link to | |
224 | .IR /proc/mounts , | |
225 | but some information is lost that way, and in particular | |
364cda48 | 226 | working with the loop device will be less convenient. |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
227 | |
228 | .SH OPTIONS | |
229 | The full set of options used by an invocation of | |
230 | .B mount | |
231 | is determined by first extracting the | |
232 | options for the file system from the | |
233 | .I fstab | |
234 | table, then applying any options specified by the | |
235 | .B \-o | |
236 | argument, and finally applying a | |
237 | .BR \-r " or " \-w | |
238 | option, when present. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
239 | |
240 | Options available for the | |
241 | .B mount | |
242 | command: | |
243 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
244 | .B \-V |
245 | Output version. | |
246 | .TP | |
247 | .B \-h | |
248 | Print a help message. | |
249 | .TP | |
250 | .B \-v | |
251 | Verbose mode. | |
252 | .TP | |
253 | .B \-a | |
254 | Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in | |
255 | .IR fstab . | |
256 | .TP | |
257 | .B \-F | |
258 | (Used in conjunction with | |
259 | .BR \-a .) | |
260 | Fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device. | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
261 | This will do the mounts on different devices or different NFS servers |
262 | in parallel. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
263 | This has the advantage that it is faster; also NFS timeouts go in |
264 | parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order. | |
265 | Thus, you cannot use this option if you want to mount both | |
266 | .I /usr | |
267 | and | |
268 | .IR /usr/spool . | |
269 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
270 | .B \-f |
271 | Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; if it's not | |
272 | obvious, this ``fakes'' mounting the file system. This option is useful in | |
273 | conjunction with the | |
274 | .B \-v | |
275 | flag to determine what the | |
276 | .B mount | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
277 | command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices |
278 | that were mounted earlier with the -n option. | |
279 | .TP | |
22853e4a | 280 | .B \-l |
e8f26419 KZ |
281 | Add the ext2, ext3 and XFS labels in the mount output. Mount must have |
282 | permission to read the disk device (e.g. be suid root) for this to work. | |
283 | One can set such a label for ext2 or ext3 using the | |
22853e4a | 284 | .BR e2label (8) |
c07ebfa1 KZ |
285 | utility, or for XFS using |
286 | .BR xfs_admin (8). | |
22853e4a | 287 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
288 | .B \-n |
289 | Mount without writing in | |
290 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
291 | This is necessary for example when | |
292 | .I /etc | |
293 | is on a read-only file system. | |
294 | .TP | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
295 | .B \-s |
296 | Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. This will ignore | |
297 | mount options not supported by a filesystem type. Not all filesystems | |
298 | support this option. This option exists for support of the Linux | |
299 | autofs\-based automounter. | |
300 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
301 | .B \-r |
302 | Mount the file system read-only. A synonym is | |
303 | .BR "\-o ro" . | |
304 | .TP | |
305 | .B \-w | |
306 | Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is | |
307 | .BR "\-o rw" . | |
308 | .TP | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
309 | .BI \-L " label" |
310 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
311 | .IR label . | |
312 | .TP | |
313 | .BI \-U " uuid" | |
314 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
315 | .IR uuid . | |
316 | These two options require the file | |
317 | .I /proc/partitions | |
318 | (present since Linux 2.1.116) to exist. | |
319 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
320 | .BI \-t " vfstype" |
321 | The argument following the | |
322 | .B \-t | |
323 | is used to indicate the file system type. The file system types which are | |
c07ebfa1 | 324 | currently supported are: |
5c36a0eb KZ |
325 | .IR adfs , |
326 | .IR affs , | |
eb63b9b8 | 327 | .IR autofs , |
5c36a0eb | 328 | .IR coda , |
eb63b9b8 | 329 | .IR coherent , |
c07ebfa1 | 330 | .IR cramfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
331 | .IR devpts , |
332 | .IR efs , | |
333 | .IR ext , | |
334 | .IR ext2 , | |
e8f26419 | 335 | .IR ext3 , |
5c36a0eb KZ |
336 | .IR hfs , |
337 | .IR hpfs , | |
eb63b9b8 | 338 | .IR iso9660 , |
e8f26419 | 339 | .IR jfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
340 | .IR minix , |
341 | .IR msdos , | |
342 | .IR ncpfs , | |
343 | .IR nfs , | |
5c36a0eb | 344 | .IR ntfs , |
eb63b9b8 | 345 | .IR proc , |
5c36a0eb | 346 | .IR qnx4 , |
e8f26419 | 347 | .IR reiserfs , |
5c36a0eb | 348 | .IR romfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
349 | .IR smbfs , |
350 | .IR sysv , | |
612721db | 351 | .IR tmpfs , |
eb63b9b8 | 352 | .IR udf , |
5c36a0eb | 353 | .IR ufs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
354 | .IR umsdos , |
355 | .IR vfat , | |
356 | .IR xenix , | |
c07ebfa1 | 357 | .IR xfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
358 | .IR xiafs . |
359 | Note that coherent, sysv and xenix are equivalent and that | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
360 | .I xenix |
361 | and | |
362 | .I coherent | |
363 | will be removed at some point in the future \(em use | |
364 | .I sysv | |
365 | instead. Since kernel version 2.1.21 the types | |
366 | .I ext | |
367 | and | |
368 | .I xiafs | |
369 | do not exist anymore. | |
370 | ||
5c36a0eb KZ |
371 | For most types all the |
372 | .B mount | |
373 | program has to do is issue a simple | |
374 | .IR mount (2) | |
375 | system call, and no detailed knowledge of the filesystem type is required. | |
376 | For a few types however (like nfs, smbfs, ncpfs) ad hoc code is | |
377 | necessary. The nfs ad hoc code is built in, but smbfs and ncpfs | |
378 | have a separate mount program. In order to make it possible to | |
379 | treat all types in a uniform way, mount will execute the program | |
380 | .I /sbin/mount.TYPE | |
66ee8158 KZ |
381 | (if that exists) when called with type |
382 | .IR TYPE . | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
383 | Since various versions of the |
384 | .I smbmount | |
385 | program have different calling conventions, | |
386 | .I /sbin/mount.smb | |
387 | may have to be a shell script that sets up the desired call. | |
388 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
389 | The type |
390 | .I iso9660 | |
391 | is the default. If no | |
392 | .B \-t | |
393 | option is given, or if the | |
394 | .B auto | |
395 | type is specified, the superblock is probed for the filesystem type | |
612721db KZ |
396 | .RI ( adfs , |
397 | .IR bfs , | |
398 | .IR cramfs , | |
399 | .IR ext , | |
400 | .IR ext2 , | |
401 | .IR ext3 , | |
402 | .IR hfs , | |
403 | .IR hpfs , | |
404 | .IR iso9660 , | |
405 | .IR jfs , | |
406 | .IR minix , | |
407 | .IR ntfs , | |
408 | .IR qnx4 , | |
409 | .IR reiserfs , | |
410 | .IR romfs , | |
411 | .IR ufs , | |
412 | .IR vxfs , | |
413 | .IR xfs , | |
414 | .IR xiafs | |
fd6b7a7f | 415 | are supported). |
5c36a0eb KZ |
416 | If this probe fails, mount will try to read the file |
417 | .IR /etc/filesystems , | |
418 | or, if that does not exist, | |
419 | .IR /proc/filesystems . | |
420 | All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, | |
fd6b7a7f | 421 | except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., |
eb63b9b8 | 422 | .IR devpts , |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
423 | .I proc |
424 | and | |
425 | .IR nfs ). | |
426 | ||
427 | Note that the | |
428 | .B auto | |
429 | type may be useful for user-mounted floppies. | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
430 | Creating a file |
431 | .I /etc/filesystems | |
432 | can be useful to change the probe order (e.g., to try vfat before msdos) | |
433 | or if you use a kernel module autoloader. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
434 | Warning: the probing uses a heuristic (the presence of appropriate `magic'), |
435 | and could recognize the wrong filesystem type. | |
436 | ||
437 | More than one type may be specified in a comma separated | |
438 | list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with | |
439 | .B no | |
440 | to specify the file system types on which no action should be taken. | |
441 | (This can be meaningful with the | |
442 | .B \-a | |
443 | option.) | |
444 | ||
445 | For example, the command: | |
446 | .RS | |
447 | .RS | |
448 | .B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext" | |
449 | .RE | |
450 | mounts all file systems except those of type | |
451 | .I msdos | |
452 | and | |
453 | .IR ext . | |
454 | .RE | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
455 | .TP |
456 | .B \-o | |
457 | Options are specified with a | |
458 | .B \-o | |
459 | flag followed by a comma separated string of options. | |
fd6b7a7f | 460 | Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
461 | .I /etc/fstab |
462 | file. The following options apply to any file system that is being | |
364cda48 KZ |
463 | mounted (but not every file system actually honors them - e.g., the |
464 | .B sync | |
e8f26419 | 465 | option today has effect only for ext2, ext3 and ufs): |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
466 | .RS |
467 | .TP | |
468 | .B async | |
469 | All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously. | |
470 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
471 | .B atime |
472 | Update inode access time for each access. This is the default. | |
473 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
474 | .B auto |
475 | Can be mounted with the | |
476 | .B \-a | |
477 | option. | |
478 | .TP | |
479 | .B defaults | |
480 | Use default options: | |
481 | .BR rw ", " suid ", " dev ", " exec ", " auto ", " nouser ", and " async. | |
482 | .TP | |
483 | .B dev | |
484 | Interpret character or block special devices on the file system. | |
485 | .TP | |
486 | .B exec | |
487 | Permit execution of binaries. | |
488 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
489 | .B noatime |
490 | Do not update inode access times on this file system (e.g, for faster | |
491 | access on the news spool to speed up news servers). | |
492 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
493 | .B noauto |
494 | Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the | |
495 | .B \-a | |
496 | option will not cause the file system to be mounted). | |
497 | .TP | |
498 | .B nodev | |
499 | Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file | |
fd6b7a7f | 500 | system. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
501 | .TP |
502 | .B noexec | |
503 | Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 504 | This option might be useful for a server that has file systems containing |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
505 | binaries for architectures other than its own. |
506 | .TP | |
507 | .B nosuid | |
508 | Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
509 | effect. (This seems safe, but is in fact rather unsafe if you have |
510 | suidperl(1) installed.) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
511 | .TP |
512 | .B nouser | |
513 | Forbid an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user to mount the file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 514 | This is the default. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
515 | .TP |
516 | .B remount | |
517 | Attempt to remount an already-mounted file system. This is commonly | |
518 | used to change the mount flags for a file system, especially to make a | |
c07ebfa1 | 519 | readonly file system writeable. It does not change device or mount point. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
520 | .TP |
521 | .B ro | |
522 | Mount the file system read-only. | |
523 | .TP | |
524 | .B rw | |
525 | Mount the file system read-write. | |
526 | .TP | |
527 | .B suid | |
528 | Allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
529 | effect. | |
530 | .TP | |
531 | .B sync | |
532 | All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. | |
533 | .TP | |
534 | .B user | |
e8f26419 KZ |
535 | Allow an ordinary user to mount the file system. |
536 | The name of the mounting user is written to mtab so that he can unmount | |
537 | the file system again. | |
538 | This option implies the options | |
6dbe3af9 | 539 | .BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
540 | (unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line |
541 | .BR user,exec,dev,suid ). | |
e8f26419 KZ |
542 | .TP |
543 | .B users | |
544 | Allow every user to mount and unmount the file system. | |
545 | This option implies the options | |
546 | .BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev | |
547 | (unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line | |
548 | .BR users,exec,dev,suid ). | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
549 | .RE |
550 | ||
551 | .SH "FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC MOUNT OPTIONS" | |
552 | The following options apply only to certain file systems. | |
553 | We sort them by file system. They all follow the | |
554 | .B \-o | |
555 | flag. | |
c07ebfa1 KZ |
556 | .SH "Mount options for adfs" |
557 | .TP | |
558 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
559 | Set the owner and group of the files in the file system (default: uid=gid=0). | |
560 | .TP | |
561 | \fBownmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBothmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
562 | Set the permission mask for ADFS 'owner' permissions and 'other' permissions, | |
563 | respectively (default: 0700 and 0077, respectively). | |
564 | See also | |
565 | .IR /usr/src/linux/Documentation/filesystems/adfs.txt . | |
fd6b7a7f | 566 | .SH "Mount options for affs" |
6dbe3af9 | 567 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
568 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
569 | Set the owner and group of the root of the file system (default: uid=gid=0, | |
570 | but with option | |
571 | .B uid | |
6dbe3af9 | 572 | or |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
573 | .B gid |
574 | without specified value, the uid and gid of the current process are taken). | |
6dbe3af9 | 575 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
576 | \fBsetuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBsetgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
577 | Set the owner and group of all files. | |
578 | .TP | |
579 | .BI mode= value | |
580 | Set the mode of all files to | |
581 | .IR value " & 0777" | |
582 | disregarding the original permissions. | |
583 | Add search permission to directories that have read permission. | |
584 | The value is given in octal. | |
585 | .TP | |
586 | .B protect | |
587 | Do not allow any changes to the protection bits on the file system. | |
588 | .TP | |
589 | .B usemp | |
590 | Set uid and gid of the root of the file system to the uid and gid | |
591 | of the mount point upon the first sync or umount, and then | |
592 | clear this option. Strange... | |
593 | .TP | |
594 | .B verbose | |
595 | Print an informational message for each successful mount. | |
596 | .TP | |
597 | .BI prefix= string | |
598 | Prefix used before volume name, when following a link. | |
599 | .TP | |
600 | .BI volume= string | |
601 | Prefix (of length at most 30) used before '/' when following a symbolic link. | |
602 | .TP | |
603 | .BI reserved= value | |
604 | (Default: 2.) Number of unused blocks at the start of the device. | |
605 | .TP | |
606 | .BI root= value | |
607 | Give explicitly the location of the root block. | |
6dbe3af9 | 608 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
609 | .BI bs= value |
610 | Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. | |
6dbe3af9 | 611 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
612 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota |
613 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
364cda48 KZ |
614 | (However, quota utilities may react to such strings in |
615 | .IR /etc/fstab .) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
616 | |
617 | .SH "Mount options for coherent" | |
618 | None. | |
619 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
620 | .SH "Mount options for devpts" |
621 | The devpts file system is a pseudo file system, traditionally mounted on | |
622 | .IR /dev/pts . | |
623 | In order to acquire a pseudo terminal, a process opens | |
624 | .IR /dev/ptmx ; | |
625 | the number of the pseudo terminal is then made available to the process | |
626 | and the pseudo terminal slave can be accessed as | |
627 | .IR /dev/pts/ <number>. | |
628 | .TP | |
629 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
630 | This sets the owner or the group of newly created PTYs to | |
631 | the specified values. When nothing is specified, they will | |
632 | be set to the UID and GID of the creating process. | |
633 | For example, if there is a tty group with GID 5, then | |
634 | .B gid=5 | |
635 | will cause newly created PTYs to belong to the tty group. | |
636 | .TP | |
637 | .BI mode= value | |
638 | Set the mode of newly created PTYs to the specified value. | |
639 | The default is 0600. | |
640 | A value of | |
641 | .B mode=620 | |
642 | and | |
643 | .B gid=5 | |
644 | makes "mesg y" the default on newly created PTYs. | |
645 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
646 | .SH "Mount options for ext" |
647 | None. | |
648 | Note that the `ext' file system is obsolete. Don't use it. | |
649 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 extfs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
650 | ||
651 | .SH "Mount options for ext2" | |
652 | The `ext2' file system is the standard Linux file system. | |
653 | Due to a kernel bug, it may be mounted with random mount options | |
654 | (fixed in Linux 2.0.4). | |
655 | .TP | |
656 | .BR bsddf " / " minixdf | |
657 | Set the behaviour for the | |
658 | .I statfs | |
659 | system call. The | |
660 | .B minixdf | |
661 | behaviour is to return in the | |
662 | .I f_blocks | |
663 | field the total number of blocks of the file system, while the | |
664 | .B bsddf | |
665 | behaviour (which is the default) is to subtract the overhead blocks | |
666 | used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus | |
6dbe3af9 | 667 | .RE |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
668 | .nf |
669 | ||
670 | % mount /k -o minixdf; df /k; umount /k | |
671 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
672 | /dev/sda6 2630655 86954 2412169 3% /k | |
673 | % mount /k -o bsddf; df /k; umount /k | |
674 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
675 | /dev/sda6 2543714 13 2412169 0% /k | |
676 | ||
677 | .fi | |
678 | (Note that this example shows that one can add command line options | |
679 | to the options given in | |
680 | .IR /etc/fstab .) | |
681 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 682 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
683 | .BR check " / " check=normal " / " check=strict |
684 | Set checking level. When at least one of these options is set (and | |
685 | .B check=normal | |
686 | is set by default) the inodes and blocks bitmaps are checked upon mount | |
22853e4a | 687 | (which can take half a minute or so on a big disk, and is rather useless). |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
688 | With strict checking, block deallocation checks that the block to free |
689 | is in the data zone. | |
690 | .TP | |
691 | .BR check=none " / " nocheck | |
22853e4a KZ |
692 | No checking is done. This is fast. Recent kernels do not have a |
693 | check option anymore - checking with | |
694 | .BR e2fsck (8) | |
695 | is more meaningful. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
696 | .TP |
697 | .B debug | |
698 | Print debugging info upon each (re)mount. | |
699 | .TP | |
700 | .BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic | |
701 | Define the behaviour when an error is encountered. | |
702 | (Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue, | |
703 | or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.) | |
704 | The default is set in the filesystem superblock, and can be | |
705 | changed using | |
706 | .BR tune2fs (8). | |
707 | .TP | |
708 | .BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups | |
709 | These options define what group id a newly created file gets. | |
710 | When | |
711 | .BR grpid | |
712 | is set, it takes the group id of the directory in which it is created; | |
713 | otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless | |
714 | the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid | |
715 | from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set | |
716 | if it is a directory itself. | |
717 | .TP | |
718 | \fBresgid=\fP\fIn\fP and \fBresuid=\fP\fIn\fP | |
719 | The ext2 file system reserves a certain percentage of the available | |
720 | space (by default 5%, see | |
721 | .BR mke2fs (8) | |
722 | and | |
723 | .BR tune2fs (8)). | |
724 | These options determine who can use the reserved blocks. | |
725 | (Roughly: whoever has the specified uid, or belongs to the specified group.) | |
726 | .TP | |
727 | .BI sb= n | |
728 | Instead of block 1, use block | |
729 | .I n | |
730 | as superblock. This could be useful when the filesystem has been damaged. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
731 | (Earlier, copies of the superblock would be made every 8192 blocks: in |
732 | block 1, 8193, 16385, ... (and one got hundreds or even thousands | |
733 | of copies on a big filesystem). Since version 1.08, | |
734 | .B mke2fs | |
735 | has a \-s (sparse superblock) option to reduce the number of backup | |
736 | superblocks, and since version 1.15 this is the default. Note | |
737 | that this may mean that ext2 filesystems created by a recent | |
738 | .B mke2fs | |
739 | cannot be mounted r/w under Linux 2.0.*.) | |
e8f26419 KZ |
740 | The block number here uses 1k units. Thus, if you want to use logical |
741 | block 32768 on a filesystem with 4k blocks, use "sb=131072". | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
742 | .TP |
743 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota | |
744 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
745 | ||
e8f26419 KZ |
746 | .TP |
747 | .BR nouid32 | |
748 | Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs. This is for interoperability with older | |
749 | kernels which only store and expect 16-bit values. | |
750 | ||
751 | ||
752 | .SH "Mount options for ext3" | |
753 | The `ext3' file system is version of the ext2 file system which has been | |
754 | enhanced with journalling. It supports the same options as ext2 as | |
755 | well as the following additions: | |
756 | .\" .TP | |
757 | .\" .BR abort | |
758 | .\" Mount the file system in abort mode, as if a fatal error has occurred. | |
759 | .TP | |
760 | .BR journal=update | |
761 | Update the ext3 file system's journal to the current format. | |
762 | .TP | |
763 | .BR journal=inum | |
764 | When a journal already exists, this option is ignored. Otherwise, it | |
765 | specifies the number of the inode which will represent the ext3 file system's | |
766 | journal file; ext3 will create a new journal, overwriting the old contents | |
767 | of the file whose inode number is | |
768 | .IR inum . | |
769 | .TP | |
770 | .BR noload | |
771 | Do not load the ext3 file system's journal on mounting. | |
772 | .TP | |
773 | .BR data=journal " / " data=ordered " / " data=writeback | |
774 | Specifies the journalling mode for file data. Metadata is always journaled. | |
775 | .RS | |
776 | .TP | |
777 | .B journal | |
778 | All data is committed into the journal prior to being written into the | |
779 | main file system. | |
780 | .TP | |
781 | .B ordered | |
782 | This is the default mode. All data is forced directly out to the main file | |
783 | system prior to its metadata being committed to the journal. | |
784 | .TP | |
785 | .B writeback | |
786 | Data ordering is not preserved - data may be written into the main | |
787 | file system after its metadata has been committed to the journal. | |
788 | This is rumoured to be the highest-throughput option. It guarantees | |
789 | internal file system integrity, however it can allow old data to appear | |
790 | in files after a crash and journal recovery. | |
791 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
792 | .SH "Mount options for fat" |
793 | (Note: | |
794 | .I fat | |
795 | is not a separate filesystem, but a common part of the | |
796 | .IR msdos , | |
797 | .I umsdos | |
798 | and | |
799 | .I vfat | |
800 | filesystems.) | |
801 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 802 | .BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024 " / " blocksize=2048 |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
803 | Set blocksize (default 512). |
804 | .TP | |
805 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
806 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
807 | of the current process.) | |
808 | .TP | |
809 | .BI umask= value | |
810 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
811 | .B not | |
812 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
813 | The value is given in octal. | |
814 | .TP | |
815 | .BI check= value | |
816 | Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen: | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
817 | .RS |
818 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 819 | .B r[elaxed] |
6dbe3af9 | 820 | Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
821 | truncated (e.g. |
822 | .I verylongname.foobar | |
823 | becomes | |
824 | .IR verylong.foo ), | |
825 | leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension). | |
6dbe3af9 | 826 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f | 827 | .B n[ormal] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
828 | Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are |
829 | rejected. This is the default. | |
830 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 831 | .B s[trict] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
832 | Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters |
833 | that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are | |
834 | rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.) | |
835 | .RE | |
836 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
837 | .BI codepage= value |
838 | Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters on FAT | |
839 | and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437 is used. | |
840 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 841 | .BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto] |
6dbe3af9 | 842 | The |
fd6b7a7f | 843 | .I fat |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
844 | file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text |
845 | format) conversion in the kernel. The following conversion modes are | |
846 | available: | |
847 | .RS | |
848 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 849 | .B binary |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
850 | no translation is performed. This is the default. |
851 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 852 | .B text |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
853 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files. |
854 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 855 | .B auto |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
856 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files that don't have a |
857 | "well-known binary" extension. The list of known extensions can be found at | |
858 | the beginning of | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
859 | .I fs/fat/misc.c |
860 | (as of 2.0, the list is: exe, com, bin, app, sys, drv, ovl, ovr, obj, | |
6dbe3af9 | 861 | lib, dll, pif, arc, zip, lha, lzh, zoo, tar, z, arj, tz, taz, tzp, tpz, |
726f69e2 | 862 | gz, tgz, deb, gif, bmp, tif, gl, jpg, pcx, tfm, vf, gf, pk, pxl, dvi). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
863 | .PP |
864 | Programs that do computed lseeks won't like in-kernel text conversion. | |
726f69e2 | 865 | Several people have had their data ruined by this translation. Beware! |
6dbe3af9 | 866 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
867 | For file systems mounted in binary mode, a conversion tool |
868 | (fromdos/todos) is available. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
869 | .RE |
870 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
871 | .BI cvf_format= module |
872 | Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module | |
873 | .RI cvf_ module | |
874 | instead of auto-detection. If the kernel supports kmod, the | |
875 | cvf_format=xxx option also controls on-demand CVF module loading. | |
876 | .TP | |
877 | .BI cvf_option= option | |
878 | Option passed to the CVF module. | |
879 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 | 880 | .B debug |
fd6b7a7f | 881 | Turn on the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
882 | .I debug |
883 | flag. A version string and a list of file system parameters will be | |
884 | printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be | |
885 | inconsistent). | |
886 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
887 | .BR fat=12 " / " fat=16 " / " fat=32 |
888 | Specify a 12, 16 or 32 bit fat. This overrides | |
fd6b7a7f | 889 | the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution! |
6dbe3af9 | 890 | .TP |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
891 | .BI iocharset= value |
892 | Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters | |
893 | and 16 bit Unicode characters. The default is iso8859-1. | |
894 | Long filenames are stored on disk in Unicode format. | |
895 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
896 | .B quiet |
897 | Turn on the | |
898 | .I quiet | |
899 | flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors, | |
900 | although they fail. Use with caution! | |
6dbe3af9 | 901 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
902 | .B "sys_immutable, showexec, dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]" |
903 | Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions | |
904 | onto a FAT file system. | |
905 | ||
906 | .SH "Mount options for hpfs" | |
6dbe3af9 | 907 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
908 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
909 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
910 | of the current process.) | |
6dbe3af9 | 911 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
912 | .BI umask= value |
913 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
914 | .B not | |
915 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
916 | The value is given in octal. | |
917 | .TP | |
918 | .BR case=lower " / " case=asis | |
919 | Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them. | |
920 | (Default: | |
921 | .BR case=lower .) | |
922 | .TP | |
923 | .BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto | |
924 | For | |
925 | .BR conv=text , | |
926 | delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL) | |
927 | when reading a file. | |
928 | For | |
929 | .BR conv=auto , | |
930 | choose more or less at random between | |
931 | .BR conv=binary " and " conv=text . | |
932 | For | |
933 | .BR conv=binary , | |
934 | just read what is in the file. This is the default. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
935 | .TP |
936 | .B nocheck | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
937 | Do not abort mounting when certain consistency checks fail. |
938 | ||
939 | .SH "Mount options for iso9660" | |
6dbe3af9 | 940 | Normal |
fd6b7a7f | 941 | .I iso9660 |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
942 | filenames appear in a 8.3 format (i.e., DOS-like restrictions on filename |
943 | length), and in addition all characters are in upper case. Also there is | |
944 | no field for file ownership, protection, number of links, provision for | |
945 | block/character devices, etc. | |
946 | ||
947 | Rock Ridge is an extension to iso9660 that provides all of these unix like | |
948 | features. Basically there are extensions to each directory record that | |
949 | supply all of the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use, | |
950 | the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX file system (except | |
951 | that it is read-only, of course). | |
fd6b7a7f | 952 | .TP |
6dbe3af9 | 953 | .B norock |
fd6b7a7f | 954 | Disable the use of Rock Ridge extensions, even if available. Cf.\& |
6dbe3af9 | 955 | .BR map . |
c07ebfa1 | 956 | .TP |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
957 | .B nojoliet |
958 | Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Cf.\& | |
959 | .BR map . | |
6dbe3af9 | 960 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
961 | .BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict] |
962 | With | |
963 | .BR check=relaxed , | |
964 | a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup. | |
965 | This is probably only meaningful together with | |
966 | .B norock | |
6dbe3af9 | 967 | and |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
968 | .BR map=normal . |
969 | (Default: | |
970 | .BR check=strict .) | |
971 | .TP | |
972 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
973 | Give all files in the file system the indicated user or group id, | |
974 | possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions. | |
975 | (Default: | |
976 | .BR uid=0,gid=0 .) | |
977 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 978 | .BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff] " / " map=a[corn] |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
979 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper |
980 | to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'. | |
981 | With | |
982 | .B map=off | |
983 | no name translation is done. See | |
984 | .BR norock . | |
985 | (Default: | |
986 | .BR map=normal .) | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
987 | .B map=acorn |
988 | is like | |
989 | .BR map=normal | |
990 | but also apply Acorn extensions if present. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
991 | .TP |
992 | .BI mode= value | |
993 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode. | |
994 | (Default: read permission for everybody.) | |
995 | Since Linux 2.1.37 one no longer needs to specify the mode in | |
996 | decimal. (Octal is indicated by a leading 0.) | |
997 | .TP | |
998 | .B unhide | |
999 | Also show hidden and associated files. | |
1000 | .TP | |
1001 | .B block=[512|1024|2048] | |
1002 | Set the block size to the indicated value. | |
1003 | (Default: | |
1004 | .BR block=1024 .) | |
1005 | .TP | |
1006 | .BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext] | |
1007 | (Default: | |
1008 | .BR conv=binary .) | |
1009 | Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore. | |
1010 | (And non-binary settings used to be very dangerous, | |
eb63b9b8 | 1011 | possibly leading to silent data corruption.) |
6dbe3af9 | 1012 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1013 | .B cruft |
1014 | If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage, | |
1015 | set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length. | |
1016 | This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16MB. | |
1017 | The `cruft' option is set automatically if the entire CDROM | |
1018 | has a weird size (negative, or more than 800MB). It is also | |
1019 | set when volume sequence numbers other than 0 or 1 are seen. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1020 | .TP |
1021 | .B session=x | |
1022 | Select number of session on multisession CD. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
1023 | .TP | |
1024 | .B sbsector=xxx | |
1025 | Session begins from sector xxx. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1026 | |
1027 | .SH "Mount options for minix" | |
1028 | None. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1029 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1030 | .SH "Mount options for msdos" |
1031 | See mount options for fat. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1032 | If the |
1033 | .I msdos | |
1034 | file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file | |
1035 | system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting | |
1036 | it. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1037 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1038 | .SH "Mount options for ncp" |
1039 | Just like | |
1040 | .IR nfs ", the " ncp | |
1041 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
1042 | .IR "struct ncp_mount_data" ) | |
1043 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
1044 | .BR ncpmount (8) | |
1045 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 1046 | .B mount |
fd6b7a7f | 1047 | (2.6h) does not know anything about ncp. |
6dbe3af9 | 1048 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1049 | .SH "Mount options for nfs" |
1050 | Instead of a textual option string, parsed by the kernel, the | |
1051 | .I nfs | |
1052 | file system expects a binary argument of type | |
1053 | .IR "struct nfs_mount_data" . | |
1054 | The program | |
1055 | .B mount | |
1056 | itself parses the following options of the form `tag=value', | |
1057 | and puts them in the structure mentioned: | |
1058 | .BI rsize= n, | |
1059 | .BI wsize= n, | |
1060 | .BI timeo= n, | |
1061 | .BI retrans= n, | |
1062 | .BI acregmin= n, | |
1063 | .BI acregmax= n, | |
1064 | .BI acdirmin= n, | |
1065 | .BI acdirmax= n, | |
1066 | .BI actimeo= n, | |
1067 | .BI retry= n, | |
1068 | .BI port= n, | |
1069 | .BI mountport= n, | |
1070 | .BI mounthost= name, | |
1071 | .BI mountprog= n, | |
1072 | .BI mountvers= n, | |
1073 | .BI nfsprog= n, | |
1074 | .BI nfsvers= n, | |
1075 | .BI namlen= n. | |
1076 | The option | |
1077 | .BI addr= n | |
1078 | is accepted but ignored. | |
1079 | Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by | |
1080 | .B no | |
1081 | are recognized: | |
1082 | .BR bg , | |
1083 | .BR fg , | |
1084 | .BR soft , | |
1085 | .BR hard , | |
1086 | .BR intr , | |
1087 | .BR posix , | |
1088 | .BR cto , | |
1089 | .BR ac , | |
1090 | .BR tcp , | |
1091 | .BR udp , | |
1092 | .BR lock . | |
1093 | For details, see | |
1094 | .BR nfs (5). | |
6dbe3af9 | 1095 | |
fd6b7a7f | 1096 | Especially useful options include |
6dbe3af9 | 1097 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1098 | .B rsize=8192,wsize=8192 |
1099 | This will make your nfs connection much faster than with the default | |
22853e4a KZ |
1100 | buffer size of 1024. (NFSv2 does not work with larger values of |
1101 | .B rsize | |
1102 | and | |
1103 | .BR wsize .) | |
6dbe3af9 | 1104 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1105 | .B hard |
1106 | The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will hang | |
1107 | when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or | |
1108 | killed unless you also specify | |
1109 | .BR intr . | |
1110 | When the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed | |
1111 | from where it was. This is probably what you want. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1112 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1113 | .B soft |
1114 | This option allows the kernel to time out if the nfs server is not | |
1115 | responding for some time. The time can be | |
1116 | specified with | |
1117 | .BR timeo=time . | |
1118 | This option might be useful if your nfs server sometimes doesn't respond | |
1119 | or will be rebooted while some process tries to get a file from the server. | |
1120 | Usually it just causes lots of trouble. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1121 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1122 | .B nolock |
1123 | Do not use locking. Do not start lockd. | |
1124 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1125 | .SH "Mount options for ntfs" |
1126 | .TP | |
1127 | .BI iocharset= name | |
1128 | Character set to use when returning file names. | |
1129 | Unlike VFAT, NTFS suppresses names that contain | |
1130 | unconvertible characters. | |
1131 | .TP | |
1132 | .BR utf8 | |
1133 | Use UTF-8 for converting file names. | |
1134 | .TP | |
1135 | .B uni_xlate=[0|1|2] | |
e8f26419 KZ |
1136 | For 0 (or `no' or `false'), do not use escape sequences |
1137 | for unknown Unicode characters. | |
1138 | For 1 (or `yes' or `true') or 2, use vfat-style 4-byte escape sequences | |
1139 | starting with ":". Here 2 give a little-endian encoding | |
1140 | and 1 a byteswapped bigendian encoding. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1141 | .TP |
1142 | .B posix=[0|1] | |
1143 | If enabled (posix=1), the file system distinguishes between | |
1144 | upper and lower case. The 8.3 alias names are presented as | |
1145 | hard links instead of being suppressed. | |
1146 | .TP | |
1147 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP, \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBumask=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1148 | Set the file permission on the filesystem. | |
1149 | By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else. | |
1150 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1151 | .SH "Mount options for proc" |
6dbe3af9 | 1152 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1153 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
1154 | These options are recognized, but have no effect as far as I can see. | |
1155 | ||
e8f26419 KZ |
1156 | .SH "Mount options for reiserfs" |
1157 | The reiserfs mount options are more fully described at | |
1158 | .IR http://www.namesys.com/mount-options.html . | |
1159 | .TP | |
1160 | .BR conv | |
1161 | Instructs version 3.6 reiserfs software to mount a version 3.5 file system, | |
1162 | using the 3.6 format for newly created objects. This file system will no | |
1163 | longer be compatible with reiserfs 3.5 tools. | |
1164 | .TP | |
1165 | .BR hash=rupasov " / " hash=tea " / " hash=r5 " / " hash=detect | |
1166 | Choose which hash function reiserfs will use to find files within directories. | |
1167 | .RS | |
1168 | .TP | |
1169 | .B rupasov | |
1170 | A hash invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. It is fast and preserves locality, | |
1171 | mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values. | |
1172 | This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash | |
1173 | collisions. | |
1174 | .TP | |
1175 | .B tea | |
1176 | A Davis-Meyer function implemented by Jeremy Fitzhardinge. | |
1177 | It uses hash permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness | |
1178 | and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at come CPU cost. | |
1179 | This may be used if EHASHCOLLISION errors are experienced with the r5 hash. | |
1180 | .TP | |
1181 | .B r5 | |
1182 | A modified version of the rupasov hash. It is used by default and is | |
1183 | the best choice unless the file system has huge directories and | |
1184 | unusual file-name patterns. | |
1185 | .TP | |
1186 | .B detect | |
1187 | Instructs | |
1188 | .IR mount | |
1189 | to detect which hash function is in use by examining | |
1190 | the file system being mounted, and to write this information into | |
1191 | the reiserfs superblock. This is only useful on the first mount of | |
1192 | an old format file system. | |
1193 | .RE | |
1194 | .TP | |
1195 | .BR hashed_relocation | |
1196 | Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements | |
1197 | in some situations. | |
1198 | .TP | |
1199 | .BR no_unhashed_relocation | |
1200 | Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements | |
1201 | in some situations. | |
1202 | .TP | |
1203 | .BR noborder | |
1204 | Disable the border allocator algorithm invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. | |
1205 | This may provide performance improvements in some situations. | |
1206 | .TP | |
1207 | .BR nolog | |
1208 | Disable journalling. This will provide slight performance improvements in | |
1209 | some situations at the cost of losing reiserfs's fast recovery from crashes. | |
1210 | Even with this option turned on, reiserfs still performs all journalling | |
1211 | operations, save for actual writes into its journalling area. Implementation | |
1212 | of | |
1213 | .IR nolog | |
1214 | is a work in progress. | |
1215 | .TP | |
1216 | .BR notail | |
1217 | By default, reiserfs stores small files and `file tails' directly into its | |
1218 | tree. This confuses some utilities such as | |
1219 | .BR LILO (8) . | |
1220 | This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree. | |
1221 | .TP | |
1222 | .BR replayonly | |
1223 | Replay the transactions which are in the journal, but do not actually | |
1224 | mount the file system. Mainly used by | |
1225 | .IR reiserfsck . | |
1226 | .TP | |
1227 | .BI resize= number | |
1228 | A remount option which permits online expansion of reiserfs partitions. | |
1229 | Instructs reiserfs to assume that the device has | |
1230 | .I number | |
1231 | blocks. | |
1232 | This option is designed for use with devices which are under logical | |
1233 | volume management (LVM). | |
1234 | There is a special | |
1235 | .I resizer | |
1236 | utility which can be obtained from | |
1237 | .IR ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs . | |
1238 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1239 | .SH "Mount options for romfs" |
1240 | None. | |
1241 | ||
1242 | .SH "Mount options for smbfs" | |
1243 | Just like | |
1244 | .IR nfs ", the " smb | |
1245 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
1246 | .IR "struct smb_mount_data" ) | |
1247 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
1248 | .BR smbmount (8) | |
1249 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 1250 | .B mount |
eb63b9b8 | 1251 | (2.9w) does not know anything about smb. |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1252 | |
1253 | .SH "Mount options for sysv" | |
1254 | None. | |
1255 | ||
612721db KZ |
1256 | .SH "Mount options for tmpfs" |
1257 | The following parameters accept a suffix | |
1258 | .BR k , | |
1259 | .B m | |
1260 | or | |
1261 | .B g | |
1262 | for Ki, Mi, Gi (binary kilo, mega and giga) and can be changed on remount. | |
1263 | .TP | |
1264 | .BI size= nbytes | |
1265 | Override default size of the filesystem. | |
1266 | The size is given in bytes, and rounded down to entire pages. | |
1267 | The default is half of the memory. | |
1268 | .TP | |
1269 | .B nr_blocks= | |
1270 | Set number of blocks. | |
1271 | .TP | |
1272 | .B nr_inodes= | |
1273 | Set number of inodes. | |
1274 | .TP | |
1275 | .B mode= | |
1276 | Set initial permissions of the root directory. | |
1277 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1278 | .SH "Mount options for udf" |
1279 | .TP | |
1280 | .B gid= | |
1281 | Set the default group. | |
1282 | .TP | |
1283 | .B umask= | |
1284 | Set the default umask. | |
1285 | .TP | |
1286 | .B uid= | |
1287 | Set the default user. | |
1288 | .TP | |
1289 | .B unhide | |
1290 | Show otherwise hidden files. | |
1291 | .TP | |
1292 | .B undelete | |
1293 | Show deleted files in lists. | |
1294 | .TP | |
1295 | .B strict | |
1296 | Set strict conformance (unused). | |
1297 | .TP | |
1298 | .B utf8 | |
1299 | (unused). | |
1300 | .TP | |
1301 | .B iocharset | |
1302 | (unused). | |
1303 | .TP | |
1304 | .B bs= | |
1305 | Set the block size. (May not work unless 2048.) | |
1306 | .TP | |
1307 | .B novrs | |
1308 | Skip volume sequence recognition. | |
1309 | .TP | |
1310 | .B session= | |
1311 | Set the CDROM session counting from 0. Default: last session. | |
1312 | .TP | |
1313 | .B anchor= | |
1314 | Override standard anchor location. Default: 256. | |
1315 | .TP | |
1316 | .B volume= | |
1317 | Override the VolumeDesc location. (unused) | |
1318 | .TP | |
1319 | .B partition= | |
1320 | Override the PartitionDesc location. (unused) | |
1321 | .TP | |
1322 | .B lastblock= | |
1323 | Set the last block of the filesystem. | |
1324 | .TP | |
1325 | .B fileset= | |
1326 | Override the fileset block location. (unused) | |
1327 | .TP | |
1328 | .B rootdir= | |
1329 | Override the root directory location. (unused) | |
1330 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1331 | .SH "Mount options for ufs" |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1332 | .TP |
1333 | .BI ufstype= value | |
1334 | UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems. | |
1335 | The problem are differences among implementations. Features of some | |
1336 | implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the | |
1337 | type of ufs automatically. | |
364cda48 | 1338 | That's why the user must specify the type of ufs by mount option. |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1339 | Possible values are: |
1340 | .RS | |
1341 | .TP | |
1342 | .B old | |
1343 | Old format of ufs, this is the default, read only. | |
1344 | .TP | |
1345 | .B 44bsd | |
1346 | For filesystems created by a BSD-like system (NetBSD,FreeBSD,OpenBSD). | |
1347 | .TP | |
1348 | .B sun | |
1349 | For filesystems created by SunOS or Solaris on Sparc. | |
1350 | .TP | |
1351 | .B sunx86 | |
1352 | For filesystems created by Solaris on x86. | |
1353 | .TP | |
1354 | .B nextstep | |
1355 | For filesystems created by NeXTStep (on NeXT station) (currently read only). | |
1356 | .TP | |
1357 | .B nextstep-cd | |
1358 | For NextStep CDROMs (block_size == 2048), read-only. | |
1359 | .TP | |
1360 | .B openstep | |
1361 | For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only). | |
1362 | .RE | |
1363 | ||
1364 | .TP | |
1365 | .BI onerror= value | |
1366 | Set behaviour on error: | |
1367 | .RS | |
1368 | .TP | |
1369 | .B panic | |
1370 | If an error is encountered, cause a kernel panic. | |
1371 | .TP | |
1372 | .B [lock|umount|repair] | |
1373 | These mount options don't do anything at present; | |
1374 | when an error is encountered only a console message is printed. | |
1375 | .RE | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1376 | |
1377 | .SH "Mount options for umsdos" | |
1378 | See mount options for msdos. | |
1379 | The | |
1380 | .B dotsOK | |
1381 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1382 | .IR umsdos . | |
1383 | ||
1384 | .SH "Mount options for vfat" | |
1385 | First of all, the mount options for | |
1386 | .I fat | |
1387 | are recognized. | |
1388 | The | |
1389 | .B dotsOK | |
1390 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1391 | .IR vfat . | |
1392 | Furthermore, there are | |
1393 | .TP | |
1394 | .B uni_xlate | |
1395 | Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences. | |
1396 | This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any | |
1397 | Unicode characters. Without this option, a '?' is used when no | |
1398 | translation is possible. The escape character is ':' because it is | |
1399 | otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence | |
1400 | that gets used, where u is the unicode character, | |
1401 | is: ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12). | |
1402 | .TP | |
1403 | .B posix | |
1404 | Allow two files with names that only differ in case. | |
1405 | .TP | |
1406 | .B nonumtail | |
1407 | First try to make a short name without sequence number, | |
1408 | before trying | |
1409 | .IR name~num.ext . | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1410 | .TP |
1411 | .B utf8 | |
1412 | UTF8 is the filesystem safe 8-bit encoding of Unicode that is used | |
1413 | by the console. It can be be enabled for the filesystem with this option. | |
1414 | If `uni_xlate' gets set, UTF8 gets disabled. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1415 | |
1416 | .SH "Mount options for xenix" | |
1417 | None. | |
1418 | ||
c07ebfa1 KZ |
1419 | .SH "Mount options for xfs" |
1420 | .TP | |
1421 | .BI biosize= size | |
1422 | Sets the preferred buffered I/O size (default size is 64K). | |
1423 | .I size | |
1424 | must be expressed as the logarithm (base2) of the desired I/O size. | |
1425 | Valid values for this option are 14 through 16, inclusive | |
1426 | (i.e. 16K, 32K, and 64K bytes). | |
1427 | On machines with a 4K pagesize, 13 (8K bytes) is also a valid | |
1428 | .IR size . | |
1429 | The preferred buffered I/O size can also be altered on an individual | |
1430 | file basis using the | |
1431 | .BR ioctl (2) | |
1432 | system call. | |
1433 | .TP | |
1434 | .B dmapi " / " xdsm | |
1435 | Enable the DMAPI (Data Management API) event callouts. | |
1436 | .TP | |
1437 | .BI logbufs= value | |
1438 | Set the number of in-memory log buffers. | |
1439 | Valid numbers range from 2-8 inclusive. | |
1440 | The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64K, | |
1441 | 4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32K, | |
1442 | 3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16K, | |
1443 | and 2 buffers for all other configurations. | |
1444 | Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on | |
1445 | some workloads at the cost of the memory used for the | |
1446 | additional log buffers and their associated control structures. | |
1447 | .TP | |
1448 | .BI logbsize= value | |
1449 | Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. | |
1450 | Valid sizes are 16384 (16K) and 32768 (32K). | |
1451 | The default value for machines with more than 32MB of memory is 32768, | |
1452 | machines with less memory use 16384 by default. | |
1453 | .TP | |
1454 | \fBlogdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP and \fBrtdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP | |
1455 | Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device. | |
1456 | An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, | |
1457 | and a real-time section. | |
1458 | The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate | |
1459 | from the data section or contained within it. | |
1460 | Refer to | |
1461 | .BR xfs (5). | |
1462 | .TP | |
1463 | .B noalign | |
1464 | Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit boundaries. | |
1465 | .TP | |
1466 | .B noatime | |
1467 | Access timestamps are not updated when a file is read. | |
1468 | .TP | |
1469 | .B norecovery | |
1470 | The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery. | |
1471 | If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to | |
1472 | be inconsistent when mounted in | |
1473 | .B norecovery | |
1474 | mode. | |
1475 | Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this. | |
1476 | Filesystems mounted | |
1477 | .B norecovery | |
1478 | must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail. | |
1479 | .TP | |
1480 | .B osyncisdsync | |
1481 | Make writes to files opened with the O_SYNC flag set behave | |
1482 | as if the O_DSYNC flag had been used instead. | |
1483 | This can result in better performance without compromising | |
1484 | data safety. | |
1485 | However if this option is in effect, timestamp updates from | |
1486 | O_SYNC writes can be lost if the system crashes. | |
1487 | .TP | |
1488 | .BR quota " / " usrquota " / " uqnoenforce | |
1489 | User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally) enforced. | |
1490 | .TP | |
1491 | .BR grpquota " / " gqnoenforce | |
1492 | Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced. | |
1493 | .TP | |
1494 | \fBsunit=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBswidth=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1495 | Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device or a stripe | |
1496 | volume. | |
1497 | .I value | |
1498 | must be specified in 512-byte block units. | |
1499 | If this option is not specified and the filesystem was made on a stripe | |
1500 | volume or the stripe width or unit were specified for the RAID device at | |
1501 | mkfs time, then the mount system call will restore the value from the | |
1502 | superblock. | |
1503 | For filesystems that are made directly on RAID devices, these options can be | |
1504 | used to override the information in the superblock if the underlying disk | |
1505 | layout changes after the filesystem has been created. | |
1506 | The | |
1507 | .B swidth | |
1508 | option is required if the | |
1509 | .B sunit | |
1510 | option has been specified, | |
1511 | and must be a multiple of the | |
1512 | .B sunit | |
1513 | value. | |
1514 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1515 | .SH "Mount options for xiafs" |
1516 | None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much, | |
1517 | and is not maintained. Probably one shouldn't use it. | |
1518 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 xiafs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
1519 | ||
1520 | .SH "THE LOOP DEVICE" | |
1521 | One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. For example, | |
1522 | the command | |
1523 | ||
1524 | .nf | |
1525 | .B " mount /tmp/fdimage /mnt -t msdos -o loop=/dev/loop3,blocksize=1024" | |
1526 | .fi | |
1527 | ||
1528 | will set up the loop device | |
1529 | .I /dev/loop3 | |
1530 | to correspond to the file | |
1531 | .IR /tmp/fdimage , | |
1532 | and then mount this device on | |
1533 | .IR /mnt . | |
1534 | This type of mount knows about three options, namely | |
1535 | .BR loop ", " offset " and " encryption , | |
1536 | that are really options to | |
1537 | .BR losetup (8). | |
1538 | If no explicit loop device is mentioned | |
1539 | (but just an option `\fB\-o loop\fP' is given), then | |
1540 | .B mount | |
1541 | will try to find some unused loop device and use that. | |
7eda085c KZ |
1542 | If you are not so unwise as to make |
1543 | .I /etc/mtab | |
1544 | a symbolic link to | |
1545 | .I /proc/mounts | |
1546 | then any loop device allocated by | |
1547 | .B mount | |
1548 | will be freed by | |
1549 | .BR umount . | |
1550 | You can also free a loop device by hand, using `losetup -d', see | |
1551 | .BR losetup (8). | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1552 | |
1553 | .SH FILES | |
1554 | .I /etc/fstab | |
1555 | file system table | |
1556 | .br | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1557 | .I /etc/mtab |
1558 | table of mounted file systems | |
1559 | .br | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1560 | .I /etc/mtab~ |
1561 | lock file | |
1562 | .br | |
1563 | .I /etc/mtab.tmp | |
1564 | temporary file | |
1565 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1566 | .BR mount (2), |
1567 | .BR umount (2), | |
1568 | .BR fstab (5), | |
1569 | .BR umount (8), | |
1570 | .BR swapon (8), | |
1571 | .BR nfs (5), | |
c07ebfa1 | 1572 | .BR xfs (5), |
22853e4a | 1573 | .BR e2label (8), |
c07ebfa1 | 1574 | .BR xfs_admin (8), |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1575 | .BR mountd (8), |
1576 | .BR nfsd (8), | |
1577 | .BR mke2fs (8), | |
1578 | .BR tune2fs (8), | |
1579 | .BR losetup (8) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1580 | .SH BUGS |
1581 | It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash. | |
1582 | .PP | |
1583 | Some Linux file systems don't support | |
fd6b7a7f | 1584 | .B "\-o sync" |
e8f26419 KZ |
1585 | (the ext2 and ext3 file systems |
1586 | .I do | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1587 | support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the |
1588 | .B sync | |
1589 | option). | |
1590 | .PP | |
1591 | The | |
fd6b7a7f | 1592 | .B "\-o remount" |
6dbe3af9 | 1593 | may not be able to change mount parameters (all |
fd6b7a7f | 1594 | .IR ext2fs -specific |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1595 | parameters, except |
1596 | .BR sb , | |
1597 | are changeable with a remount, for example, but you can't change | |
1598 | .B gid | |
1599 | or | |
1600 | .B umask | |
1601 | for the | |
fd6b7a7f | 1602 | .IR fatfs ). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1603 | .SH HISTORY |
1604 | A | |
1605 | .B mount | |
5c36a0eb | 1606 | command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX. |