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fd6b7a7f | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer |
6dbe3af9 | 2 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
3 | .\" This page is somewhat derived from a page that was |
4 | .\" (c) 1980, 1989, 1991 The Regents of the University of California | |
5 | .\" and had been heavily modified by Rik Faith and myself. | |
6 | .\" (Probably no BSD text remains.) | |
7 | .\" Fragments of text were written by Werner Almesberger, Remy Card, | |
8 | .\" Stephen Tweedie and Eric Youngdale. | |
6dbe3af9 | 9 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
10 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
11 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
12 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
13 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
6dbe3af9 | 14 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
15 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" |
16 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
17 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
18 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
6dbe3af9 | 19 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
20 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
21 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
22 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
23 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
6dbe3af9 | 24 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
25 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public |
26 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free | |
27 | .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, | |
28 | .\" USA. | |
6dbe3af9 | 29 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 30 | .\" 960705, aeb: version for mount-2.7g |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
31 | .\" 970114, aeb: xiafs and ext are dead; romfs is new |
32 | .\" 970623, aeb: -F option | |
2b6fc908 | 33 | .\" 970914, reg: -s option |
5c36a0eb KZ |
34 | .\" 981111, K.Garloff: /etc/filesystems |
35 | .\" 990111, aeb: documented /sbin/mount.smbfs | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
36 | .\" 990730, Yann Droneaud <lch@multimania.com>: updated page |
37 | .\" 991214, Elrond <Elrond@Wunder-Nett.org>: added some docs on devpts | |
e8f26419 | 38 | .\" 010725, Nikita Danilov <NikitaDanilov@Yahoo.COM>: reiserfs options |
612721db | 39 | .\" 011124, Karl Eichwalder <ke@gnu.franken.de>: tmpfs options |
fd6b7a7f | 40 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 41 | .TH MOUNT 8 "14 September 1997" "Linux 2.0" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
6dbe3af9 | 42 | .SH NAME |
fd6b7a7f | 43 | mount \- mount a file system |
6dbe3af9 | 44 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
22853e4a | 45 | .BI "mount [\-lhV]" |
fd6b7a7f | 46 | .LP |
2b6fc908 | 47 | .BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype ] |
6dbe3af9 | 48 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 49 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir" |
6dbe3af9 | 50 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 51 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
52 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
53 | All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big | |
54 | tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at | |
55 | .BR / . | |
56 | These files can be spread out over several devices. The | |
57 | .B mount | |
58 | command serves to attach the file system found on some device | |
59 | to the big file tree. Conversely, the | |
60 | .BR umount (8) | |
61 | command will detach it again. | |
62 | ||
63 | The standard form of the | |
64 | .B mount | |
65 | command, is | |
66 | .RS | |
67 | .br | |
68 | .BI "mount \-t" " type device dir" | |
69 | .RE | |
70 | This tells the kernel to attach the file system found on | |
71 | .I device | |
72 | (which is of type | |
73 | .IR type ) | |
74 | at the directory | |
75 | .IR dir . | |
76 | The previous contents (if any) and owner and mode of | |
77 | .I dir | |
78 | become invisible, and as long as this file system remains mounted, | |
79 | the pathname | |
80 | .I dir | |
81 | refers to the root of the file system on | |
82 | .IR device . | |
83 | ||
84 | Three forms of invocation do not actually mount anything: | |
85 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 86 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
87 | .B "mount \-h" |
88 | .RE | |
89 | prints a help message; | |
90 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 91 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
92 | .B "mount \-V" |
93 | .RE | |
94 | prints a version string; and just | |
95 | .RS | |
22853e4a | 96 | .BI "mount [-l] [-t" " type" ] |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
97 | .RE |
98 | lists all mounted file systems (of type | |
22853e4a | 99 | .IR type ). |
e8f26419 | 100 | The option \-l adds the (ext2, ext3 and XFS) labels in this listing. |
22853e4a | 101 | See below. |
fd6b7a7f | 102 | |
66ee8158 KZ |
103 | .\" In fact since 2.3.99. At first the syntax was mount -t bind. |
104 | Since Linux 2.4.0 it is possible to remount part of the | |
105 | file hierarchy somewhere else. The call is | |
106 | .RS | |
107 | .br | |
108 | .B "mount --bind olddir newdir" | |
109 | .RE | |
ffc43748 KZ |
110 | After this call the same contents is accessible in two places. |
111 | ||
112 | Since Linux 2.5.1 it is possible to atomically move a subtree | |
113 | to another place. The call is | |
114 | .RS | |
115 | .br | |
116 | .B "mount --move olddir newdir" | |
117 | .RE | |
66ee8158 | 118 | |
6dbe3af9 | 119 | The |
726f69e2 KZ |
120 | .I proc |
121 | file system is not associated with a special device, and when | |
122 | mounting it, an arbitrary keyword, such as | |
123 | .I proc | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
124 | can be used instead of a device specification. |
125 | (The customary choice | |
726f69e2 | 126 | .I none |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
127 | is less fortunate: the error message `none busy' from |
128 | .B umount | |
726f69e2 | 129 | can be confusing.) |
6dbe3af9 | 130 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
131 | Most devices are indicated by a file name (of a block special device), like |
132 | .IR /dev/sda1 , | |
133 | but there are other possibilities. For example, in the case of an NFS mount, | |
134 | .I device | |
135 | may look like | |
136 | .IR knuth.cwi.nl:/dir . | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
137 | It is possible to indicate a block special device using its |
138 | volume label or UUID (see the \-L and \-U options below). | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
139 | |
140 | The file | |
141 | .I /etc/fstab | |
142 | (see | |
143 | .BR fstab (5)), | |
144 | may contain lines describing what devices are usually | |
145 | mounted where, using which options. This file is used in three ways: | |
146 | .LP | |
147 | (i) The command | |
148 | .RS | |
149 | .br | |
150 | .BI "mount \-a [-t" " type" ] | |
151 | .RE | |
152 | (usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in | |
153 | .I fstab | |
154 | (of the proper type) to be mounted as indicated, except for those | |
155 | whose line contains the | |
156 | .B noauto | |
157 | keyword. Adding the | |
158 | .B \-F | |
159 | option will make mount fork, so that the | |
160 | filesystems are mounted simultaneously. | |
161 | .LP | |
162 | (ii) When mounting a file system mentioned in | |
163 | .IR fstab , | |
164 | it suffices to give only the device, or only the mount point. | |
165 | .LP | |
166 | (iii) Normally, only the superuser can mount file systems. | |
167 | However, when | |
168 | .I fstab | |
169 | contains the | |
170 | .B user | |
171 | option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding system. | |
172 | .LP | |
173 | Thus, given a line | |
174 | .RS | |
175 | .br | |
176 | .B "/dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide" | |
177 | .RE | |
178 | any user can mount the iso9660 file system found on his CDROM | |
179 | using the command | |
180 | .RS | |
181 | .br | |
182 | .B "mount /dev/cdrom" | |
183 | .RE | |
184 | or | |
185 | .RS | |
186 | .br | |
187 | .B "mount /cd" | |
188 | .RE | |
189 | For more details, see | |
190 | .BR fstab (5). | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
191 | Only the user that mounted a filesystem can unmount it again. |
192 | If any user should be able to unmount, then use | |
193 | .B users | |
194 | instead of | |
195 | .B user | |
196 | in the | |
197 | .I fstab | |
198 | line. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
199 | The |
200 | .B owner | |
201 | option is similar to the | |
202 | .B user | |
203 | option, with the restriction that the user must be the owner | |
204 | of the special file. This may be useful e.g. for | |
205 | .I /dev/fd | |
206 | if a login script makes the console user owner of this device. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
207 | |
208 | The programs | |
209 | .B mount | |
210 | and | |
211 | .B umount | |
212 | maintain a list of currently mounted file systems in the file | |
213 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
214 | If no arguments are given to | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
215 | .BR mount , |
216 | this list is printed. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
217 | When the |
218 | .I proc | |
219 | filesystem is mounted (say at | |
220 | .IR /proc ), | |
221 | the files | |
222 | .I /etc/mtab | |
223 | and | |
224 | .I /proc/mounts | |
225 | have very similar contents. The former has somewhat | |
226 | more information, such as the mount options used, | |
227 | but is not necessarily up-to-date (cf. the | |
228 | .B \-n | |
229 | option below). It is possible to replace | |
230 | .I /etc/mtab | |
231 | by a symbolic link to | |
232 | .IR /proc/mounts , | |
233 | but some information is lost that way, and in particular | |
364cda48 | 234 | working with the loop device will be less convenient. |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
235 | |
236 | .SH OPTIONS | |
237 | The full set of options used by an invocation of | |
238 | .B mount | |
239 | is determined by first extracting the | |
240 | options for the file system from the | |
241 | .I fstab | |
242 | table, then applying any options specified by the | |
243 | .B \-o | |
244 | argument, and finally applying a | |
245 | .BR \-r " or " \-w | |
246 | option, when present. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
247 | |
248 | Options available for the | |
249 | .B mount | |
250 | command: | |
251 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
252 | .B \-V |
253 | Output version. | |
254 | .TP | |
255 | .B \-h | |
256 | Print a help message. | |
257 | .TP | |
258 | .B \-v | |
259 | Verbose mode. | |
260 | .TP | |
261 | .B \-a | |
262 | Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in | |
263 | .IR fstab . | |
264 | .TP | |
265 | .B \-F | |
266 | (Used in conjunction with | |
267 | .BR \-a .) | |
268 | Fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device. | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
269 | This will do the mounts on different devices or different NFS servers |
270 | in parallel. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
271 | This has the advantage that it is faster; also NFS timeouts go in |
272 | parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order. | |
273 | Thus, you cannot use this option if you want to mount both | |
274 | .I /usr | |
275 | and | |
276 | .IR /usr/spool . | |
277 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
278 | .B \-f |
279 | Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; if it's not | |
280 | obvious, this ``fakes'' mounting the file system. This option is useful in | |
281 | conjunction with the | |
282 | .B \-v | |
283 | flag to determine what the | |
284 | .B mount | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
285 | command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices |
286 | that were mounted earlier with the -n option. | |
287 | .TP | |
22853e4a | 288 | .B \-l |
e8f26419 KZ |
289 | Add the ext2, ext3 and XFS labels in the mount output. Mount must have |
290 | permission to read the disk device (e.g. be suid root) for this to work. | |
291 | One can set such a label for ext2 or ext3 using the | |
22853e4a | 292 | .BR e2label (8) |
c07ebfa1 KZ |
293 | utility, or for XFS using |
294 | .BR xfs_admin (8). | |
22853e4a | 295 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
296 | .B \-n |
297 | Mount without writing in | |
298 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
299 | This is necessary for example when | |
300 | .I /etc | |
301 | is on a read-only file system. | |
302 | .TP | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
303 | .B \-s |
304 | Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. This will ignore | |
305 | mount options not supported by a filesystem type. Not all filesystems | |
306 | support this option. This option exists for support of the Linux | |
307 | autofs\-based automounter. | |
308 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
309 | .B \-r |
310 | Mount the file system read-only. A synonym is | |
311 | .BR "\-o ro" . | |
312 | .TP | |
313 | .B \-w | |
314 | Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is | |
315 | .BR "\-o rw" . | |
316 | .TP | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
317 | .BI \-L " label" |
318 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
319 | .IR label . | |
320 | .TP | |
321 | .BI \-U " uuid" | |
322 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
323 | .IR uuid . | |
324 | These two options require the file | |
325 | .I /proc/partitions | |
326 | (present since Linux 2.1.116) to exist. | |
327 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
328 | .BI \-t " vfstype" |
329 | The argument following the | |
330 | .B \-t | |
331 | is used to indicate the file system type. The file system types which are | |
c07ebfa1 | 332 | currently supported are: |
5c36a0eb KZ |
333 | .IR adfs , |
334 | .IR affs , | |
eb63b9b8 | 335 | .IR autofs , |
5c36a0eb | 336 | .IR coda , |
eb63b9b8 | 337 | .IR coherent , |
c07ebfa1 | 338 | .IR cramfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
339 | .IR devpts , |
340 | .IR efs , | |
341 | .IR ext , | |
342 | .IR ext2 , | |
e8f26419 | 343 | .IR ext3 , |
5c36a0eb KZ |
344 | .IR hfs , |
345 | .IR hpfs , | |
eb63b9b8 | 346 | .IR iso9660 , |
e8f26419 | 347 | .IR jfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
348 | .IR minix , |
349 | .IR msdos , | |
350 | .IR ncpfs , | |
351 | .IR nfs , | |
5c36a0eb | 352 | .IR ntfs , |
eb63b9b8 | 353 | .IR proc , |
5c36a0eb | 354 | .IR qnx4 , |
e8f26419 | 355 | .IR reiserfs , |
5c36a0eb | 356 | .IR romfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
357 | .IR smbfs , |
358 | .IR sysv , | |
612721db | 359 | .IR tmpfs , |
eb63b9b8 | 360 | .IR udf , |
5c36a0eb | 361 | .IR ufs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
362 | .IR umsdos , |
363 | .IR vfat , | |
364 | .IR xenix , | |
c07ebfa1 | 365 | .IR xfs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
366 | .IR xiafs . |
367 | Note that coherent, sysv and xenix are equivalent and that | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
368 | .I xenix |
369 | and | |
370 | .I coherent | |
371 | will be removed at some point in the future \(em use | |
372 | .I sysv | |
373 | instead. Since kernel version 2.1.21 the types | |
374 | .I ext | |
375 | and | |
376 | .I xiafs | |
377 | do not exist anymore. | |
378 | ||
5c36a0eb KZ |
379 | For most types all the |
380 | .B mount | |
381 | program has to do is issue a simple | |
382 | .IR mount (2) | |
383 | system call, and no detailed knowledge of the filesystem type is required. | |
384 | For a few types however (like nfs, smbfs, ncpfs) ad hoc code is | |
385 | necessary. The nfs ad hoc code is built in, but smbfs and ncpfs | |
386 | have a separate mount program. In order to make it possible to | |
387 | treat all types in a uniform way, mount will execute the program | |
388 | .I /sbin/mount.TYPE | |
66ee8158 KZ |
389 | (if that exists) when called with type |
390 | .IR TYPE . | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
391 | Since various versions of the |
392 | .I smbmount | |
393 | program have different calling conventions, | |
394 | .I /sbin/mount.smb | |
395 | may have to be a shell script that sets up the desired call. | |
396 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
397 | The type |
398 | .I iso9660 | |
399 | is the default. If no | |
400 | .B \-t | |
401 | option is given, or if the | |
402 | .B auto | |
403 | type is specified, the superblock is probed for the filesystem type | |
612721db KZ |
404 | .RI ( adfs , |
405 | .IR bfs , | |
406 | .IR cramfs , | |
407 | .IR ext , | |
408 | .IR ext2 , | |
409 | .IR ext3 , | |
410 | .IR hfs , | |
411 | .IR hpfs , | |
412 | .IR iso9660 , | |
413 | .IR jfs , | |
414 | .IR minix , | |
415 | .IR ntfs , | |
416 | .IR qnx4 , | |
417 | .IR reiserfs , | |
418 | .IR romfs , | |
ffc43748 | 419 | .IR udf , |
612721db KZ |
420 | .IR ufs , |
421 | .IR vxfs , | |
422 | .IR xfs , | |
423 | .IR xiafs | |
fd6b7a7f | 424 | are supported). |
5c36a0eb KZ |
425 | If this probe fails, mount will try to read the file |
426 | .IR /etc/filesystems , | |
427 | or, if that does not exist, | |
428 | .IR /proc/filesystems . | |
429 | All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, | |
fd6b7a7f | 430 | except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., |
eb63b9b8 | 431 | .IR devpts , |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
432 | .I proc |
433 | and | |
434 | .IR nfs ). | |
ffc43748 KZ |
435 | If |
436 | .I /etc/filesystems | |
437 | ends in a line with a single * only, mount will read | |
438 | .I /proc/filesystems | |
439 | afterwards. | |
fd6b7a7f | 440 | |
ffc43748 | 441 | The |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
442 | .B auto |
443 | type may be useful for user-mounted floppies. | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
444 | Creating a file |
445 | .I /etc/filesystems | |
446 | can be useful to change the probe order (e.g., to try vfat before msdos) | |
447 | or if you use a kernel module autoloader. | |
fd6b7a7f | 448 | Warning: the probing uses a heuristic (the presence of appropriate `magic'), |
ffc43748 KZ |
449 | and could recognize the wrong filesystem type, possibly with catastrophic |
450 | consequences. If your data is valuable, don't ask | |
451 | .B mount | |
452 | to guess. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
453 | |
454 | More than one type may be specified in a comma separated | |
455 | list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with | |
456 | .B no | |
457 | to specify the file system types on which no action should be taken. | |
458 | (This can be meaningful with the | |
459 | .B \-a | |
460 | option.) | |
461 | ||
462 | For example, the command: | |
463 | .RS | |
464 | .RS | |
465 | .B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext" | |
466 | .RE | |
467 | mounts all file systems except those of type | |
468 | .I msdos | |
469 | and | |
470 | .IR ext . | |
471 | .RE | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
472 | .TP |
473 | .B \-o | |
474 | Options are specified with a | |
475 | .B \-o | |
476 | flag followed by a comma separated string of options. | |
fd6b7a7f | 477 | Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
478 | .I /etc/fstab |
479 | file. The following options apply to any file system that is being | |
364cda48 KZ |
480 | mounted (but not every file system actually honors them - e.g., the |
481 | .B sync | |
e8f26419 | 482 | option today has effect only for ext2, ext3 and ufs): |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
483 | .RS |
484 | .TP | |
485 | .B async | |
486 | All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously. | |
487 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
488 | .B atime |
489 | Update inode access time for each access. This is the default. | |
490 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
491 | .B auto |
492 | Can be mounted with the | |
493 | .B \-a | |
494 | option. | |
495 | .TP | |
496 | .B defaults | |
497 | Use default options: | |
498 | .BR rw ", " suid ", " dev ", " exec ", " auto ", " nouser ", and " async. | |
499 | .TP | |
500 | .B dev | |
501 | Interpret character or block special devices on the file system. | |
502 | .TP | |
503 | .B exec | |
504 | Permit execution of binaries. | |
505 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
506 | .B noatime |
507 | Do not update inode access times on this file system (e.g, for faster | |
508 | access on the news spool to speed up news servers). | |
509 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
510 | .B noauto |
511 | Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the | |
512 | .B \-a | |
513 | option will not cause the file system to be mounted). | |
514 | .TP | |
515 | .B nodev | |
516 | Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file | |
fd6b7a7f | 517 | system. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
518 | .TP |
519 | .B noexec | |
520 | Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 521 | This option might be useful for a server that has file systems containing |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
522 | binaries for architectures other than its own. |
523 | .TP | |
524 | .B nosuid | |
525 | Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
526 | effect. (This seems safe, but is in fact rather unsafe if you have |
527 | suidperl(1) installed.) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
528 | .TP |
529 | .B nouser | |
530 | Forbid an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user to mount the file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 531 | This is the default. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
532 | .TP |
533 | .B remount | |
534 | Attempt to remount an already-mounted file system. This is commonly | |
535 | used to change the mount flags for a file system, especially to make a | |
c07ebfa1 | 536 | readonly file system writeable. It does not change device or mount point. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
537 | .TP |
538 | .B ro | |
539 | Mount the file system read-only. | |
540 | .TP | |
541 | .B rw | |
542 | Mount the file system read-write. | |
543 | .TP | |
544 | .B suid | |
545 | Allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
546 | effect. | |
547 | .TP | |
548 | .B sync | |
549 | All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. | |
550 | .TP | |
63cccae4 KZ |
551 | .B dirsync |
552 | All directory updates within the file system should be done synchronously. | |
553 | This affects the following system calls: creat, link, unlink, symlink, | |
554 | mkdir, rmdir, mknod and rename. | |
555 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 | 556 | .B user |
e8f26419 KZ |
557 | Allow an ordinary user to mount the file system. |
558 | The name of the mounting user is written to mtab so that he can unmount | |
559 | the file system again. | |
560 | This option implies the options | |
6dbe3af9 | 561 | .BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
562 | (unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line |
563 | .BR user,exec,dev,suid ). | |
e8f26419 KZ |
564 | .TP |
565 | .B users | |
566 | Allow every user to mount and unmount the file system. | |
567 | This option implies the options | |
568 | .BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev | |
569 | (unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line | |
570 | .BR users,exec,dev,suid ). | |
fd6b7a7f | 571 | .RE |
ffc43748 KZ |
572 | .TP |
573 | .B \-\-bind | |
574 | Remount a subtree somewhere else (so that its contents are available | |
575 | in both places). See above. | |
576 | .TP | |
577 | .B \-\-move | |
578 | Move a subtree to some other place. See above. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
579 | |
580 | .SH "FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC MOUNT OPTIONS" | |
581 | The following options apply only to certain file systems. | |
582 | We sort them by file system. They all follow the | |
583 | .B \-o | |
584 | flag. | |
c07ebfa1 KZ |
585 | .SH "Mount options for adfs" |
586 | .TP | |
587 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
588 | Set the owner and group of the files in the file system (default: uid=gid=0). | |
589 | .TP | |
590 | \fBownmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBothmask=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
591 | Set the permission mask for ADFS 'owner' permissions and 'other' permissions, | |
592 | respectively (default: 0700 and 0077, respectively). | |
593 | See also | |
594 | .IR /usr/src/linux/Documentation/filesystems/adfs.txt . | |
fd6b7a7f | 595 | .SH "Mount options for affs" |
6dbe3af9 | 596 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
597 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
598 | Set the owner and group of the root of the file system (default: uid=gid=0, | |
599 | but with option | |
600 | .B uid | |
6dbe3af9 | 601 | or |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
602 | .B gid |
603 | without specified value, the uid and gid of the current process are taken). | |
6dbe3af9 | 604 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
605 | \fBsetuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBsetgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
606 | Set the owner and group of all files. | |
607 | .TP | |
608 | .BI mode= value | |
609 | Set the mode of all files to | |
610 | .IR value " & 0777" | |
611 | disregarding the original permissions. | |
612 | Add search permission to directories that have read permission. | |
613 | The value is given in octal. | |
614 | .TP | |
615 | .B protect | |
616 | Do not allow any changes to the protection bits on the file system. | |
617 | .TP | |
618 | .B usemp | |
619 | Set uid and gid of the root of the file system to the uid and gid | |
620 | of the mount point upon the first sync or umount, and then | |
621 | clear this option. Strange... | |
622 | .TP | |
623 | .B verbose | |
624 | Print an informational message for each successful mount. | |
625 | .TP | |
626 | .BI prefix= string | |
627 | Prefix used before volume name, when following a link. | |
628 | .TP | |
629 | .BI volume= string | |
630 | Prefix (of length at most 30) used before '/' when following a symbolic link. | |
631 | .TP | |
632 | .BI reserved= value | |
633 | (Default: 2.) Number of unused blocks at the start of the device. | |
634 | .TP | |
635 | .BI root= value | |
636 | Give explicitly the location of the root block. | |
6dbe3af9 | 637 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
638 | .BI bs= value |
639 | Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. | |
6dbe3af9 | 640 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
641 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota |
642 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
364cda48 KZ |
643 | (However, quota utilities may react to such strings in |
644 | .IR /etc/fstab .) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
645 | |
646 | .SH "Mount options for coherent" | |
647 | None. | |
648 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
649 | .SH "Mount options for devpts" |
650 | The devpts file system is a pseudo file system, traditionally mounted on | |
651 | .IR /dev/pts . | |
652 | In order to acquire a pseudo terminal, a process opens | |
653 | .IR /dev/ptmx ; | |
654 | the number of the pseudo terminal is then made available to the process | |
655 | and the pseudo terminal slave can be accessed as | |
656 | .IR /dev/pts/ <number>. | |
657 | .TP | |
658 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
659 | This sets the owner or the group of newly created PTYs to | |
660 | the specified values. When nothing is specified, they will | |
661 | be set to the UID and GID of the creating process. | |
662 | For example, if there is a tty group with GID 5, then | |
663 | .B gid=5 | |
664 | will cause newly created PTYs to belong to the tty group. | |
665 | .TP | |
666 | .BI mode= value | |
667 | Set the mode of newly created PTYs to the specified value. | |
668 | The default is 0600. | |
669 | A value of | |
670 | .B mode=620 | |
671 | and | |
672 | .B gid=5 | |
673 | makes "mesg y" the default on newly created PTYs. | |
674 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
675 | .SH "Mount options for ext" |
676 | None. | |
677 | Note that the `ext' file system is obsolete. Don't use it. | |
678 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 extfs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
679 | ||
680 | .SH "Mount options for ext2" | |
681 | The `ext2' file system is the standard Linux file system. | |
682 | Due to a kernel bug, it may be mounted with random mount options | |
683 | (fixed in Linux 2.0.4). | |
684 | .TP | |
685 | .BR bsddf " / " minixdf | |
686 | Set the behaviour for the | |
687 | .I statfs | |
688 | system call. The | |
689 | .B minixdf | |
690 | behaviour is to return in the | |
691 | .I f_blocks | |
692 | field the total number of blocks of the file system, while the | |
693 | .B bsddf | |
694 | behaviour (which is the default) is to subtract the overhead blocks | |
695 | used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus | |
6dbe3af9 | 696 | .RE |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
697 | .nf |
698 | ||
699 | % mount /k -o minixdf; df /k; umount /k | |
700 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
701 | /dev/sda6 2630655 86954 2412169 3% /k | |
702 | % mount /k -o bsddf; df /k; umount /k | |
703 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
704 | /dev/sda6 2543714 13 2412169 0% /k | |
705 | ||
706 | .fi | |
707 | (Note that this example shows that one can add command line options | |
708 | to the options given in | |
709 | .IR /etc/fstab .) | |
710 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 711 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
712 | .BR check " / " check=normal " / " check=strict |
713 | Set checking level. When at least one of these options is set (and | |
714 | .B check=normal | |
715 | is set by default) the inodes and blocks bitmaps are checked upon mount | |
22853e4a | 716 | (which can take half a minute or so on a big disk, and is rather useless). |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
717 | With strict checking, block deallocation checks that the block to free |
718 | is in the data zone. | |
719 | .TP | |
720 | .BR check=none " / " nocheck | |
22853e4a KZ |
721 | No checking is done. This is fast. Recent kernels do not have a |
722 | check option anymore - checking with | |
723 | .BR e2fsck (8) | |
724 | is more meaningful. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
725 | .TP |
726 | .B debug | |
727 | Print debugging info upon each (re)mount. | |
728 | .TP | |
729 | .BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic | |
730 | Define the behaviour when an error is encountered. | |
731 | (Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue, | |
732 | or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.) | |
733 | The default is set in the filesystem superblock, and can be | |
734 | changed using | |
735 | .BR tune2fs (8). | |
736 | .TP | |
737 | .BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups | |
738 | These options define what group id a newly created file gets. | |
739 | When | |
740 | .BR grpid | |
741 | is set, it takes the group id of the directory in which it is created; | |
742 | otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless | |
743 | the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid | |
744 | from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set | |
745 | if it is a directory itself. | |
746 | .TP | |
747 | \fBresgid=\fP\fIn\fP and \fBresuid=\fP\fIn\fP | |
748 | The ext2 file system reserves a certain percentage of the available | |
749 | space (by default 5%, see | |
750 | .BR mke2fs (8) | |
751 | and | |
752 | .BR tune2fs (8)). | |
753 | These options determine who can use the reserved blocks. | |
754 | (Roughly: whoever has the specified uid, or belongs to the specified group.) | |
755 | .TP | |
756 | .BI sb= n | |
757 | Instead of block 1, use block | |
758 | .I n | |
759 | as superblock. This could be useful when the filesystem has been damaged. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
760 | (Earlier, copies of the superblock would be made every 8192 blocks: in |
761 | block 1, 8193, 16385, ... (and one got hundreds or even thousands | |
762 | of copies on a big filesystem). Since version 1.08, | |
763 | .B mke2fs | |
764 | has a \-s (sparse superblock) option to reduce the number of backup | |
765 | superblocks, and since version 1.15 this is the default. Note | |
766 | that this may mean that ext2 filesystems created by a recent | |
767 | .B mke2fs | |
768 | cannot be mounted r/w under Linux 2.0.*.) | |
e8f26419 KZ |
769 | The block number here uses 1k units. Thus, if you want to use logical |
770 | block 32768 on a filesystem with 4k blocks, use "sb=131072". | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
771 | .TP |
772 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota | |
773 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
774 | ||
e8f26419 KZ |
775 | .TP |
776 | .BR nouid32 | |
777 | Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs. This is for interoperability with older | |
778 | kernels which only store and expect 16-bit values. | |
779 | ||
780 | ||
781 | .SH "Mount options for ext3" | |
782 | The `ext3' file system is version of the ext2 file system which has been | |
783 | enhanced with journalling. It supports the same options as ext2 as | |
784 | well as the following additions: | |
785 | .\" .TP | |
786 | .\" .BR abort | |
787 | .\" Mount the file system in abort mode, as if a fatal error has occurred. | |
788 | .TP | |
789 | .BR journal=update | |
790 | Update the ext3 file system's journal to the current format. | |
791 | .TP | |
792 | .BR journal=inum | |
793 | When a journal already exists, this option is ignored. Otherwise, it | |
794 | specifies the number of the inode which will represent the ext3 file system's | |
795 | journal file; ext3 will create a new journal, overwriting the old contents | |
796 | of the file whose inode number is | |
797 | .IR inum . | |
798 | .TP | |
799 | .BR noload | |
800 | Do not load the ext3 file system's journal on mounting. | |
801 | .TP | |
802 | .BR data=journal " / " data=ordered " / " data=writeback | |
803 | Specifies the journalling mode for file data. Metadata is always journaled. | |
804 | .RS | |
805 | .TP | |
806 | .B journal | |
807 | All data is committed into the journal prior to being written into the | |
808 | main file system. | |
809 | .TP | |
810 | .B ordered | |
811 | This is the default mode. All data is forced directly out to the main file | |
812 | system prior to its metadata being committed to the journal. | |
813 | .TP | |
814 | .B writeback | |
815 | Data ordering is not preserved - data may be written into the main | |
816 | file system after its metadata has been committed to the journal. | |
817 | This is rumoured to be the highest-throughput option. It guarantees | |
818 | internal file system integrity, however it can allow old data to appear | |
819 | in files after a crash and journal recovery. | |
820 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
821 | .SH "Mount options for fat" |
822 | (Note: | |
823 | .I fat | |
824 | is not a separate filesystem, but a common part of the | |
825 | .IR msdos , | |
826 | .I umsdos | |
827 | and | |
828 | .I vfat | |
829 | filesystems.) | |
830 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 831 | .BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024 " / " blocksize=2048 |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
832 | Set blocksize (default 512). |
833 | .TP | |
834 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
835 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
836 | of the current process.) | |
837 | .TP | |
838 | .BI umask= value | |
839 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
840 | .B not | |
841 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
842 | The value is given in octal. | |
843 | .TP | |
844 | .BI check= value | |
845 | Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen: | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
846 | .RS |
847 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 848 | .B r[elaxed] |
6dbe3af9 | 849 | Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
850 | truncated (e.g. |
851 | .I verylongname.foobar | |
852 | becomes | |
853 | .IR verylong.foo ), | |
854 | leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension). | |
6dbe3af9 | 855 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f | 856 | .B n[ormal] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
857 | Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are |
858 | rejected. This is the default. | |
859 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 860 | .B s[trict] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
861 | Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters |
862 | that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are | |
863 | rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.) | |
864 | .RE | |
865 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
866 | .BI codepage= value |
867 | Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters on FAT | |
868 | and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437 is used. | |
869 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 870 | .BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto] |
6dbe3af9 | 871 | The |
fd6b7a7f | 872 | .I fat |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
873 | file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text |
874 | format) conversion in the kernel. The following conversion modes are | |
875 | available: | |
876 | .RS | |
877 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 878 | .B binary |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
879 | no translation is performed. This is the default. |
880 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 881 | .B text |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
882 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files. |
883 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 884 | .B auto |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
885 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files that don't have a |
886 | "well-known binary" extension. The list of known extensions can be found at | |
887 | the beginning of | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
888 | .I fs/fat/misc.c |
889 | (as of 2.0, the list is: exe, com, bin, app, sys, drv, ovl, ovr, obj, | |
6dbe3af9 | 890 | lib, dll, pif, arc, zip, lha, lzh, zoo, tar, z, arj, tz, taz, tzp, tpz, |
726f69e2 | 891 | gz, tgz, deb, gif, bmp, tif, gl, jpg, pcx, tfm, vf, gf, pk, pxl, dvi). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
892 | .PP |
893 | Programs that do computed lseeks won't like in-kernel text conversion. | |
726f69e2 | 894 | Several people have had their data ruined by this translation. Beware! |
6dbe3af9 | 895 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
896 | For file systems mounted in binary mode, a conversion tool |
897 | (fromdos/todos) is available. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
898 | .RE |
899 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
900 | .BI cvf_format= module |
901 | Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module | |
902 | .RI cvf_ module | |
903 | instead of auto-detection. If the kernel supports kmod, the | |
904 | cvf_format=xxx option also controls on-demand CVF module loading. | |
905 | .TP | |
906 | .BI cvf_option= option | |
907 | Option passed to the CVF module. | |
908 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 | 909 | .B debug |
fd6b7a7f | 910 | Turn on the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
911 | .I debug |
912 | flag. A version string and a list of file system parameters will be | |
913 | printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be | |
914 | inconsistent). | |
915 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
916 | .BR fat=12 " / " fat=16 " / " fat=32 |
917 | Specify a 12, 16 or 32 bit fat. This overrides | |
fd6b7a7f | 918 | the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution! |
6dbe3af9 | 919 | .TP |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
920 | .BI iocharset= value |
921 | Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters | |
922 | and 16 bit Unicode characters. The default is iso8859-1. | |
923 | Long filenames are stored on disk in Unicode format. | |
924 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
925 | .B quiet |
926 | Turn on the | |
927 | .I quiet | |
928 | flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors, | |
929 | although they fail. Use with caution! | |
6dbe3af9 | 930 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
931 | .B "sys_immutable, showexec, dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]" |
932 | Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions | |
933 | onto a FAT file system. | |
934 | ||
935 | .SH "Mount options for hpfs" | |
6dbe3af9 | 936 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
937 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
938 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
939 | of the current process.) | |
6dbe3af9 | 940 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
941 | .BI umask= value |
942 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
943 | .B not | |
944 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
945 | The value is given in octal. | |
946 | .TP | |
947 | .BR case=lower " / " case=asis | |
948 | Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them. | |
949 | (Default: | |
950 | .BR case=lower .) | |
951 | .TP | |
952 | .BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto | |
953 | For | |
954 | .BR conv=text , | |
955 | delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL) | |
956 | when reading a file. | |
957 | For | |
958 | .BR conv=auto , | |
959 | choose more or less at random between | |
960 | .BR conv=binary " and " conv=text . | |
961 | For | |
962 | .BR conv=binary , | |
963 | just read what is in the file. This is the default. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
964 | .TP |
965 | .B nocheck | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
966 | Do not abort mounting when certain consistency checks fail. |
967 | ||
968 | .SH "Mount options for iso9660" | |
ffc43748 KZ |
969 | ISO 9660 is a standard describing a filesystem structure to be used |
970 | on CD-ROMs. (This filesystem type is also seen on some DVDs. See also the | |
971 | .I udf | |
972 | filesystem.) | |
973 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 974 | Normal |
fd6b7a7f | 975 | .I iso9660 |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
976 | filenames appear in a 8.3 format (i.e., DOS-like restrictions on filename |
977 | length), and in addition all characters are in upper case. Also there is | |
978 | no field for file ownership, protection, number of links, provision for | |
979 | block/character devices, etc. | |
980 | ||
981 | Rock Ridge is an extension to iso9660 that provides all of these unix like | |
982 | features. Basically there are extensions to each directory record that | |
983 | supply all of the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use, | |
984 | the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX file system (except | |
985 | that it is read-only, of course). | |
fd6b7a7f | 986 | .TP |
6dbe3af9 | 987 | .B norock |
fd6b7a7f | 988 | Disable the use of Rock Ridge extensions, even if available. Cf.\& |
6dbe3af9 | 989 | .BR map . |
c07ebfa1 | 990 | .TP |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
991 | .B nojoliet |
992 | Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Cf.\& | |
993 | .BR map . | |
6dbe3af9 | 994 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
995 | .BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict] |
996 | With | |
997 | .BR check=relaxed , | |
998 | a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup. | |
999 | This is probably only meaningful together with | |
1000 | .B norock | |
6dbe3af9 | 1001 | and |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1002 | .BR map=normal . |
1003 | (Default: | |
1004 | .BR check=strict .) | |
1005 | .TP | |
1006 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1007 | Give all files in the file system the indicated user or group id, | |
1008 | possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions. | |
1009 | (Default: | |
1010 | .BR uid=0,gid=0 .) | |
1011 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 1012 | .BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff] " / " map=a[corn] |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1013 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper |
1014 | to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'. | |
1015 | With | |
1016 | .B map=off | |
1017 | no name translation is done. See | |
1018 | .BR norock . | |
1019 | (Default: | |
1020 | .BR map=normal .) | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1021 | .B map=acorn |
1022 | is like | |
1023 | .BR map=normal | |
1024 | but also apply Acorn extensions if present. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1025 | .TP |
1026 | .BI mode= value | |
1027 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode. | |
1028 | (Default: read permission for everybody.) | |
1029 | Since Linux 2.1.37 one no longer needs to specify the mode in | |
1030 | decimal. (Octal is indicated by a leading 0.) | |
1031 | .TP | |
1032 | .B unhide | |
1033 | Also show hidden and associated files. | |
1034 | .TP | |
1035 | .B block=[512|1024|2048] | |
1036 | Set the block size to the indicated value. | |
1037 | (Default: | |
1038 | .BR block=1024 .) | |
1039 | .TP | |
1040 | .BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext] | |
1041 | (Default: | |
1042 | .BR conv=binary .) | |
1043 | Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore. | |
1044 | (And non-binary settings used to be very dangerous, | |
eb63b9b8 | 1045 | possibly leading to silent data corruption.) |
6dbe3af9 | 1046 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1047 | .B cruft |
1048 | If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage, | |
1049 | set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length. | |
1050 | This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16MB. | |
1051 | The `cruft' option is set automatically if the entire CDROM | |
1052 | has a weird size (negative, or more than 800MB). It is also | |
1053 | set when volume sequence numbers other than 0 or 1 are seen. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1054 | .TP |
1055 | .B session=x | |
1056 | Select number of session on multisession CD. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
1057 | .TP | |
1058 | .B sbsector=xxx | |
1059 | Session begins from sector xxx. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1060 | |
1061 | .SH "Mount options for minix" | |
1062 | None. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1063 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1064 | .SH "Mount options for msdos" |
1065 | See mount options for fat. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1066 | If the |
1067 | .I msdos | |
1068 | file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file | |
1069 | system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting | |
1070 | it. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1071 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1072 | .SH "Mount options for ncp" |
1073 | Just like | |
1074 | .IR nfs ", the " ncp | |
1075 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
1076 | .IR "struct ncp_mount_data" ) | |
1077 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
1078 | .BR ncpmount (8) | |
1079 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 1080 | .B mount |
fd6b7a7f | 1081 | (2.6h) does not know anything about ncp. |
6dbe3af9 | 1082 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1083 | .SH "Mount options for nfs" |
1084 | Instead of a textual option string, parsed by the kernel, the | |
1085 | .I nfs | |
1086 | file system expects a binary argument of type | |
1087 | .IR "struct nfs_mount_data" . | |
1088 | The program | |
1089 | .B mount | |
1090 | itself parses the following options of the form `tag=value', | |
1091 | and puts them in the structure mentioned: | |
1092 | .BI rsize= n, | |
1093 | .BI wsize= n, | |
1094 | .BI timeo= n, | |
1095 | .BI retrans= n, | |
1096 | .BI acregmin= n, | |
1097 | .BI acregmax= n, | |
1098 | .BI acdirmin= n, | |
1099 | .BI acdirmax= n, | |
1100 | .BI actimeo= n, | |
1101 | .BI retry= n, | |
1102 | .BI port= n, | |
1103 | .BI mountport= n, | |
1104 | .BI mounthost= name, | |
1105 | .BI mountprog= n, | |
1106 | .BI mountvers= n, | |
1107 | .BI nfsprog= n, | |
1108 | .BI nfsvers= n, | |
1109 | .BI namlen= n. | |
1110 | The option | |
1111 | .BI addr= n | |
1112 | is accepted but ignored. | |
1113 | Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by | |
1114 | .B no | |
1115 | are recognized: | |
1116 | .BR bg , | |
1117 | .BR fg , | |
1118 | .BR soft , | |
1119 | .BR hard , | |
1120 | .BR intr , | |
1121 | .BR posix , | |
1122 | .BR cto , | |
1123 | .BR ac , | |
1124 | .BR tcp , | |
1125 | .BR udp , | |
1126 | .BR lock . | |
1127 | For details, see | |
1128 | .BR nfs (5). | |
6dbe3af9 | 1129 | |
fd6b7a7f | 1130 | Especially useful options include |
6dbe3af9 | 1131 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f | 1132 | .B rsize=8192,wsize=8192 |
63cccae4 KZ |
1133 | This will make your nfs connection faster than with the default |
1134 | buffer size of 4096. (NFSv2 does not work with larger values of | |
22853e4a KZ |
1135 | .B rsize |
1136 | and | |
1137 | .BR wsize .) | |
6dbe3af9 | 1138 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1139 | .B hard |
1140 | The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will hang | |
1141 | when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or | |
1142 | killed unless you also specify | |
1143 | .BR intr . | |
1144 | When the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed | |
1145 | from where it was. This is probably what you want. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1146 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1147 | .B soft |
1148 | This option allows the kernel to time out if the nfs server is not | |
1149 | responding for some time. The time can be | |
1150 | specified with | |
1151 | .BR timeo=time . | |
1152 | This option might be useful if your nfs server sometimes doesn't respond | |
1153 | or will be rebooted while some process tries to get a file from the server. | |
1154 | Usually it just causes lots of trouble. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1155 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1156 | .B nolock |
1157 | Do not use locking. Do not start lockd. | |
1158 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1159 | .SH "Mount options for ntfs" |
1160 | .TP | |
1161 | .BI iocharset= name | |
1162 | Character set to use when returning file names. | |
1163 | Unlike VFAT, NTFS suppresses names that contain | |
1164 | unconvertible characters. | |
1165 | .TP | |
1166 | .BR utf8 | |
1167 | Use UTF-8 for converting file names. | |
1168 | .TP | |
1169 | .B uni_xlate=[0|1|2] | |
e8f26419 KZ |
1170 | For 0 (or `no' or `false'), do not use escape sequences |
1171 | for unknown Unicode characters. | |
1172 | For 1 (or `yes' or `true') or 2, use vfat-style 4-byte escape sequences | |
1173 | starting with ":". Here 2 give a little-endian encoding | |
1174 | and 1 a byteswapped bigendian encoding. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1175 | .TP |
1176 | .B posix=[0|1] | |
1177 | If enabled (posix=1), the file system distinguishes between | |
1178 | upper and lower case. The 8.3 alias names are presented as | |
1179 | hard links instead of being suppressed. | |
1180 | .TP | |
1181 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP, \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBumask=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1182 | Set the file permission on the filesystem. | |
63cccae4 | 1183 | The umask value is given in octal. |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1184 | By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else. |
1185 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1186 | .SH "Mount options for proc" |
6dbe3af9 | 1187 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1188 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
1189 | These options are recognized, but have no effect as far as I can see. | |
1190 | ||
e8f26419 | 1191 | .SH "Mount options for reiserfs" |
ffc43748 | 1192 | Reiserfs is a journaling filesystem. |
e8f26419 KZ |
1193 | The reiserfs mount options are more fully described at |
1194 | .IR http://www.namesys.com/mount-options.html . | |
1195 | .TP | |
1196 | .BR conv | |
1197 | Instructs version 3.6 reiserfs software to mount a version 3.5 file system, | |
1198 | using the 3.6 format for newly created objects. This file system will no | |
1199 | longer be compatible with reiserfs 3.5 tools. | |
1200 | .TP | |
1201 | .BR hash=rupasov " / " hash=tea " / " hash=r5 " / " hash=detect | |
1202 | Choose which hash function reiserfs will use to find files within directories. | |
1203 | .RS | |
1204 | .TP | |
1205 | .B rupasov | |
1206 | A hash invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. It is fast and preserves locality, | |
1207 | mapping lexicographically close file names to close hash values. | |
1208 | This option should not be used, as it causes a high probability of hash | |
1209 | collisions. | |
1210 | .TP | |
1211 | .B tea | |
1212 | A Davis-Meyer function implemented by Jeremy Fitzhardinge. | |
1213 | It uses hash permuting bits in the name. It gets high randomness | |
1214 | and, therefore, low probability of hash collisions at come CPU cost. | |
1215 | This may be used if EHASHCOLLISION errors are experienced with the r5 hash. | |
1216 | .TP | |
1217 | .B r5 | |
1218 | A modified version of the rupasov hash. It is used by default and is | |
1219 | the best choice unless the file system has huge directories and | |
1220 | unusual file-name patterns. | |
1221 | .TP | |
1222 | .B detect | |
1223 | Instructs | |
1224 | .IR mount | |
1225 | to detect which hash function is in use by examining | |
1226 | the file system being mounted, and to write this information into | |
1227 | the reiserfs superblock. This is only useful on the first mount of | |
1228 | an old format file system. | |
1229 | .RE | |
1230 | .TP | |
1231 | .BR hashed_relocation | |
1232 | Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements | |
1233 | in some situations. | |
1234 | .TP | |
1235 | .BR no_unhashed_relocation | |
1236 | Tunes the block allocator. This may provide performance improvements | |
1237 | in some situations. | |
1238 | .TP | |
1239 | .BR noborder | |
1240 | Disable the border allocator algorithm invented by Yury Yu. Rupasov. | |
1241 | This may provide performance improvements in some situations. | |
1242 | .TP | |
1243 | .BR nolog | |
1244 | Disable journalling. This will provide slight performance improvements in | |
1245 | some situations at the cost of losing reiserfs's fast recovery from crashes. | |
1246 | Even with this option turned on, reiserfs still performs all journalling | |
1247 | operations, save for actual writes into its journalling area. Implementation | |
1248 | of | |
1249 | .IR nolog | |
1250 | is a work in progress. | |
1251 | .TP | |
1252 | .BR notail | |
1253 | By default, reiserfs stores small files and `file tails' directly into its | |
1254 | tree. This confuses some utilities such as | |
1255 | .BR LILO (8) . | |
1256 | This option is used to disable packing of files into the tree. | |
1257 | .TP | |
1258 | .BR replayonly | |
1259 | Replay the transactions which are in the journal, but do not actually | |
1260 | mount the file system. Mainly used by | |
1261 | .IR reiserfsck . | |
1262 | .TP | |
1263 | .BI resize= number | |
1264 | A remount option which permits online expansion of reiserfs partitions. | |
1265 | Instructs reiserfs to assume that the device has | |
1266 | .I number | |
1267 | blocks. | |
1268 | This option is designed for use with devices which are under logical | |
1269 | volume management (LVM). | |
1270 | There is a special | |
1271 | .I resizer | |
1272 | utility which can be obtained from | |
1273 | .IR ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs . | |
1274 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1275 | .SH "Mount options for romfs" |
1276 | None. | |
1277 | ||
1278 | .SH "Mount options for smbfs" | |
1279 | Just like | |
1280 | .IR nfs ", the " smb | |
1281 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
1282 | .IR "struct smb_mount_data" ) | |
1283 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
1284 | .BR smbmount (8) | |
1285 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 1286 | .B mount |
eb63b9b8 | 1287 | (2.9w) does not know anything about smb. |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1288 | |
1289 | .SH "Mount options for sysv" | |
1290 | None. | |
1291 | ||
612721db KZ |
1292 | .SH "Mount options for tmpfs" |
1293 | The following parameters accept a suffix | |
1294 | .BR k , | |
1295 | .B m | |
1296 | or | |
1297 | .B g | |
1298 | for Ki, Mi, Gi (binary kilo, mega and giga) and can be changed on remount. | |
1299 | .TP | |
1300 | .BI size= nbytes | |
1301 | Override default size of the filesystem. | |
1302 | The size is given in bytes, and rounded down to entire pages. | |
1303 | The default is half of the memory. | |
1304 | .TP | |
1305 | .B nr_blocks= | |
1306 | Set number of blocks. | |
1307 | .TP | |
1308 | .B nr_inodes= | |
1309 | Set number of inodes. | |
1310 | .TP | |
1311 | .B mode= | |
1312 | Set initial permissions of the root directory. | |
1313 | ||
eb63b9b8 | 1314 | .SH "Mount options for udf" |
ffc43748 KZ |
1315 | udf is the "Universal Disk Format" filesystem defined by the Optical |
1316 | Storage Technology Association, and is often used for DVD-ROM. | |
1317 | See also | |
1318 | .IR iso9660 . | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1319 | .TP |
1320 | .B gid= | |
1321 | Set the default group. | |
1322 | .TP | |
1323 | .B umask= | |
1324 | Set the default umask. | |
63cccae4 | 1325 | The value is given in octal. |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1326 | .TP |
1327 | .B uid= | |
1328 | Set the default user. | |
1329 | .TP | |
1330 | .B unhide | |
1331 | Show otherwise hidden files. | |
1332 | .TP | |
1333 | .B undelete | |
1334 | Show deleted files in lists. | |
1335 | .TP | |
1336 | .B strict | |
1337 | Set strict conformance (unused). | |
1338 | .TP | |
1339 | .B utf8 | |
1340 | (unused). | |
1341 | .TP | |
1342 | .B iocharset | |
1343 | (unused). | |
1344 | .TP | |
1345 | .B bs= | |
1346 | Set the block size. (May not work unless 2048.) | |
1347 | .TP | |
1348 | .B novrs | |
1349 | Skip volume sequence recognition. | |
1350 | .TP | |
1351 | .B session= | |
1352 | Set the CDROM session counting from 0. Default: last session. | |
1353 | .TP | |
1354 | .B anchor= | |
1355 | Override standard anchor location. Default: 256. | |
1356 | .TP | |
1357 | .B volume= | |
1358 | Override the VolumeDesc location. (unused) | |
1359 | .TP | |
1360 | .B partition= | |
1361 | Override the PartitionDesc location. (unused) | |
1362 | .TP | |
1363 | .B lastblock= | |
1364 | Set the last block of the filesystem. | |
1365 | .TP | |
1366 | .B fileset= | |
1367 | Override the fileset block location. (unused) | |
1368 | .TP | |
1369 | .B rootdir= | |
1370 | Override the root directory location. (unused) | |
1371 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1372 | .SH "Mount options for ufs" |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1373 | .TP |
1374 | .BI ufstype= value | |
1375 | UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems. | |
1376 | The problem are differences among implementations. Features of some | |
1377 | implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the | |
1378 | type of ufs automatically. | |
364cda48 | 1379 | That's why the user must specify the type of ufs by mount option. |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1380 | Possible values are: |
1381 | .RS | |
1382 | .TP | |
1383 | .B old | |
1384 | Old format of ufs, this is the default, read only. | |
1d4ad1de | 1385 | (Don't forget to give the \-r option.) |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1386 | .TP |
1387 | .B 44bsd | |
1388 | For filesystems created by a BSD-like system (NetBSD,FreeBSD,OpenBSD). | |
1389 | .TP | |
1390 | .B sun | |
1391 | For filesystems created by SunOS or Solaris on Sparc. | |
1392 | .TP | |
1393 | .B sunx86 | |
1394 | For filesystems created by Solaris on x86. | |
1395 | .TP | |
1396 | .B nextstep | |
1397 | For filesystems created by NeXTStep (on NeXT station) (currently read only). | |
1398 | .TP | |
1399 | .B nextstep-cd | |
1400 | For NextStep CDROMs (block_size == 2048), read-only. | |
1401 | .TP | |
1402 | .B openstep | |
1403 | For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only). | |
ffc43748 | 1404 | The same filesystem type is also used by Mac OS X. |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1405 | .RE |
1406 | ||
1407 | .TP | |
1408 | .BI onerror= value | |
1409 | Set behaviour on error: | |
1410 | .RS | |
1411 | .TP | |
1412 | .B panic | |
1413 | If an error is encountered, cause a kernel panic. | |
1414 | .TP | |
1415 | .B [lock|umount|repair] | |
1416 | These mount options don't do anything at present; | |
1417 | when an error is encountered only a console message is printed. | |
1418 | .RE | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1419 | |
1420 | .SH "Mount options for umsdos" | |
1421 | See mount options for msdos. | |
1422 | The | |
1423 | .B dotsOK | |
1424 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1425 | .IR umsdos . | |
1426 | ||
1427 | .SH "Mount options for vfat" | |
1428 | First of all, the mount options for | |
1429 | .I fat | |
1430 | are recognized. | |
1431 | The | |
1432 | .B dotsOK | |
1433 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1434 | .IR vfat . | |
1435 | Furthermore, there are | |
1436 | .TP | |
1437 | .B uni_xlate | |
1438 | Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences. | |
1439 | This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any | |
1440 | Unicode characters. Without this option, a '?' is used when no | |
1441 | translation is possible. The escape character is ':' because it is | |
1442 | otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence | |
1443 | that gets used, where u is the unicode character, | |
1444 | is: ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12). | |
1445 | .TP | |
1446 | .B posix | |
1447 | Allow two files with names that only differ in case. | |
1448 | .TP | |
1449 | .B nonumtail | |
1450 | First try to make a short name without sequence number, | |
1451 | before trying | |
1452 | .IR name~num.ext . | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1453 | .TP |
1454 | .B utf8 | |
1455 | UTF8 is the filesystem safe 8-bit encoding of Unicode that is used | |
1456 | by the console. It can be be enabled for the filesystem with this option. | |
1457 | If `uni_xlate' gets set, UTF8 gets disabled. | |
ffc43748 KZ |
1458 | .TP |
1459 | .B shortname=[lower|win95|winnt|mixed] | |
1460 | Option (available since 2.4.13) that sets how short filenames are to be | |
1461 | created and displayed. | |
1462 | .nf | |
1463 | lower = display lower, create win95 filenames | |
1464 | win95 = display win95, create win95 filenames | |
1465 | winnt = display winnt, create winnt filenames | |
1466 | mixed = display winnt, create win95 filenames | |
1467 | .fi | |
1468 | Default is "lower". | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1469 | |
1470 | .SH "Mount options for xenix" | |
1471 | None. | |
1472 | ||
c07ebfa1 KZ |
1473 | .SH "Mount options for xfs" |
1474 | .TP | |
1475 | .BI biosize= size | |
1476 | Sets the preferred buffered I/O size (default size is 64K). | |
1477 | .I size | |
1478 | must be expressed as the logarithm (base2) of the desired I/O size. | |
1479 | Valid values for this option are 14 through 16, inclusive | |
1480 | (i.e. 16K, 32K, and 64K bytes). | |
1481 | On machines with a 4K pagesize, 13 (8K bytes) is also a valid | |
1482 | .IR size . | |
1483 | The preferred buffered I/O size can also be altered on an individual | |
1484 | file basis using the | |
1485 | .BR ioctl (2) | |
1486 | system call. | |
1487 | .TP | |
1488 | .B dmapi " / " xdsm | |
1489 | Enable the DMAPI (Data Management API) event callouts. | |
1490 | .TP | |
1491 | .BI logbufs= value | |
1492 | Set the number of in-memory log buffers. | |
1493 | Valid numbers range from 2-8 inclusive. | |
1494 | The default value is 8 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 64K, | |
1495 | 4 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 32K, | |
1496 | 3 buffers for filesystems with a blocksize of 16K, | |
1497 | and 2 buffers for all other configurations. | |
1498 | Increasing the number of buffers may increase performance on | |
1499 | some workloads at the cost of the memory used for the | |
1500 | additional log buffers and their associated control structures. | |
1501 | .TP | |
1502 | .BI logbsize= value | |
1503 | Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. | |
1504 | Valid sizes are 16384 (16K) and 32768 (32K). | |
1505 | The default value for machines with more than 32MB of memory is 32768, | |
1506 | machines with less memory use 16384 by default. | |
1507 | .TP | |
1508 | \fBlogdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP and \fBrtdev=\fP\fIdevice\fP | |
1509 | Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device. | |
1510 | An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log section, | |
1511 | and a real-time section. | |
1512 | The real-time section is optional, and the log section can be separate | |
1513 | from the data section or contained within it. | |
1514 | Refer to | |
1515 | .BR xfs (5). | |
1516 | .TP | |
1517 | .B noalign | |
1518 | Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit boundaries. | |
1519 | .TP | |
1520 | .B noatime | |
1521 | Access timestamps are not updated when a file is read. | |
1522 | .TP | |
1523 | .B norecovery | |
1524 | The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery. | |
1525 | If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to | |
1526 | be inconsistent when mounted in | |
1527 | .B norecovery | |
1528 | mode. | |
1529 | Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this. | |
1530 | Filesystems mounted | |
1531 | .B norecovery | |
1532 | must be mounted read-only or the mount will fail. | |
1533 | .TP | |
1534 | .B osyncisdsync | |
1535 | Make writes to files opened with the O_SYNC flag set behave | |
1536 | as if the O_DSYNC flag had been used instead. | |
1537 | This can result in better performance without compromising | |
1538 | data safety. | |
1539 | However if this option is in effect, timestamp updates from | |
1540 | O_SYNC writes can be lost if the system crashes. | |
1541 | .TP | |
1542 | .BR quota " / " usrquota " / " uqnoenforce | |
1543 | User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally) enforced. | |
1544 | .TP | |
1545 | .BR grpquota " / " gqnoenforce | |
1546 | Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally) enforced. | |
1547 | .TP | |
1548 | \fBsunit=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBswidth=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1549 | Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device or a stripe | |
1550 | volume. | |
1551 | .I value | |
1552 | must be specified in 512-byte block units. | |
1553 | If this option is not specified and the filesystem was made on a stripe | |
1554 | volume or the stripe width or unit were specified for the RAID device at | |
1555 | mkfs time, then the mount system call will restore the value from the | |
1556 | superblock. | |
1557 | For filesystems that are made directly on RAID devices, these options can be | |
1558 | used to override the information in the superblock if the underlying disk | |
1559 | layout changes after the filesystem has been created. | |
1560 | The | |
1561 | .B swidth | |
1562 | option is required if the | |
1563 | .B sunit | |
1564 | option has been specified, | |
1565 | and must be a multiple of the | |
1566 | .B sunit | |
1567 | value. | |
1568 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1569 | .SH "Mount options for xiafs" |
1570 | None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much, | |
1571 | and is not maintained. Probably one shouldn't use it. | |
1572 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 xiafs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
1573 | ||
1574 | .SH "THE LOOP DEVICE" | |
1575 | One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. For example, | |
1576 | the command | |
1577 | ||
1578 | .nf | |
1579 | .B " mount /tmp/fdimage /mnt -t msdos -o loop=/dev/loop3,blocksize=1024" | |
1580 | .fi | |
1581 | ||
1582 | will set up the loop device | |
1583 | .I /dev/loop3 | |
1584 | to correspond to the file | |
1585 | .IR /tmp/fdimage , | |
1586 | and then mount this device on | |
1587 | .IR /mnt . | |
1588 | This type of mount knows about three options, namely | |
1589 | .BR loop ", " offset " and " encryption , | |
1590 | that are really options to | |
1591 | .BR losetup (8). | |
1592 | If no explicit loop device is mentioned | |
1593 | (but just an option `\fB\-o loop\fP' is given), then | |
1594 | .B mount | |
1595 | will try to find some unused loop device and use that. | |
7eda085c KZ |
1596 | If you are not so unwise as to make |
1597 | .I /etc/mtab | |
1598 | a symbolic link to | |
1599 | .I /proc/mounts | |
1600 | then any loop device allocated by | |
1601 | .B mount | |
1602 | will be freed by | |
1603 | .BR umount . | |
1604 | You can also free a loop device by hand, using `losetup -d', see | |
1605 | .BR losetup (8). | |
6dbe3af9 | 1606 | |
ffc43748 KZ |
1607 | .SH RETURN CODES |
1608 | .B mount | |
1609 | has the following return codes (the bits can be ORed): | |
1610 | .TP | |
1611 | .BR 0 | |
1612 | success | |
1613 | .TP | |
1614 | .BR 1 | |
1615 | incorrect invocation or permissions | |
1616 | .TP | |
1617 | .BR 2 | |
1618 | system error (out of memory, cannot fork, no more loop devices) | |
1619 | .TP | |
1620 | .BR 4 | |
1621 | internal | |
1622 | .B mount | |
1623 | bug or missing | |
1624 | .BR nfs | |
1625 | support in | |
1626 | .B mount | |
1627 | .TP | |
1628 | .BR 8 | |
1629 | user interrupt | |
1630 | .TP | |
1631 | .BR 16 | |
1632 | problems writing or locking /etc/mtab | |
1633 | .TP | |
1634 | .BR 32 | |
1635 | mount failure | |
1636 | .TP | |
1637 | .BR 64 | |
1638 | some mount succeeded | |
1639 | ||
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1640 | .SH FILES |
1641 | .I /etc/fstab | |
1642 | file system table | |
1643 | .br | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1644 | .I /etc/mtab |
1645 | table of mounted file systems | |
1646 | .br | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1647 | .I /etc/mtab~ |
1648 | lock file | |
1649 | .br | |
1650 | .I /etc/mtab.tmp | |
1651 | temporary file | |
1652 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1653 | .BR mount (2), |
1654 | .BR umount (2), | |
1655 | .BR fstab (5), | |
1656 | .BR umount (8), | |
1657 | .BR swapon (8), | |
1658 | .BR nfs (5), | |
c07ebfa1 | 1659 | .BR xfs (5), |
22853e4a | 1660 | .BR e2label (8), |
c07ebfa1 | 1661 | .BR xfs_admin (8), |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1662 | .BR mountd (8), |
1663 | .BR nfsd (8), | |
1664 | .BR mke2fs (8), | |
1665 | .BR tune2fs (8), | |
1666 | .BR losetup (8) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1667 | .SH BUGS |
1668 | It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash. | |
1669 | .PP | |
1670 | Some Linux file systems don't support | |
63cccae4 | 1671 | .B "\-o sync and \-o dirsync" |
e8f26419 KZ |
1672 | (the ext2 and ext3 file systems |
1673 | .I do | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1674 | support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the |
1675 | .B sync | |
1676 | option). | |
1677 | .PP | |
1678 | The | |
fd6b7a7f | 1679 | .B "\-o remount" |
6dbe3af9 | 1680 | may not be able to change mount parameters (all |
fd6b7a7f | 1681 | .IR ext2fs -specific |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1682 | parameters, except |
1683 | .BR sb , | |
1684 | are changeable with a remount, for example, but you can't change | |
1685 | .B gid | |
1686 | or | |
1687 | .B umask | |
1688 | for the | |
fd6b7a7f | 1689 | .IR fatfs ). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1690 | .SH HISTORY |
1691 | A | |
1692 | .B mount | |
5c36a0eb | 1693 | command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX. |