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fd6b7a7f | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1996 Andries Brouwer |
6dbe3af9 | 2 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
3 | .\" This page is somewhat derived from a page that was |
4 | .\" (c) 1980, 1989, 1991 The Regents of the University of California | |
5 | .\" and had been heavily modified by Rik Faith and myself. | |
6 | .\" (Probably no BSD text remains.) | |
7 | .\" Fragments of text were written by Werner Almesberger, Remy Card, | |
8 | .\" Stephen Tweedie and Eric Youngdale. | |
6dbe3af9 | 9 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
10 | .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or |
11 | .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as | |
12 | .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of | |
13 | .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version. | |
6dbe3af9 | 14 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
15 | .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" |
16 | .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any | |
17 | .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including | |
18 | .\" intermediate and printed output. | |
6dbe3af9 | 19 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
20 | .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
21 | .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
22 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
23 | .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
6dbe3af9 | 24 | .\" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
25 | .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public |
26 | .\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free | |
27 | .\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, | |
28 | .\" USA. | |
6dbe3af9 | 29 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 30 | .\" 960705, aeb: version for mount-2.7g |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
31 | .\" 970114, aeb: xiafs and ext are dead; romfs is new |
32 | .\" 970623, aeb: -F option | |
2b6fc908 | 33 | .\" 970914, reg: -s option |
5c36a0eb KZ |
34 | .\" 981111, K.Garloff: /etc/filesystems |
35 | .\" 990111, aeb: documented /sbin/mount.smbfs | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
36 | .\" 990730, Yann Droneaud <lch@multimania.com>: updated page |
37 | .\" 991214, Elrond <Elrond@Wunder-Nett.org>: added some docs on devpts | |
fd6b7a7f | 38 | .\" |
2b6fc908 | 39 | .TH MOUNT 8 "14 September 1997" "Linux 2.0" "Linux Programmer's Manual" |
6dbe3af9 | 40 | .SH NAME |
fd6b7a7f | 41 | mount \- mount a file system |
6dbe3af9 | 42 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
43 | .BI "mount [\-hV]" |
44 | .LP | |
2b6fc908 | 45 | .BI "mount \-a [\-fFnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype ] |
6dbe3af9 | 46 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 47 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-o " options " [,...]] " "device " | " dir" |
6dbe3af9 | 48 | .br |
2b6fc908 | 49 | .BI "mount [\-fnrsvw] [\-t " vfstype "] [\-o " options "] " "device dir" |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
50 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
51 | All files accessible in a Unix system are arranged in one big | |
52 | tree, the file hierarchy, rooted at | |
53 | .BR / . | |
54 | These files can be spread out over several devices. The | |
55 | .B mount | |
56 | command serves to attach the file system found on some device | |
57 | to the big file tree. Conversely, the | |
58 | .BR umount (8) | |
59 | command will detach it again. | |
60 | ||
61 | The standard form of the | |
62 | .B mount | |
63 | command, is | |
64 | .RS | |
65 | .br | |
66 | .BI "mount \-t" " type device dir" | |
67 | .RE | |
68 | This tells the kernel to attach the file system found on | |
69 | .I device | |
70 | (which is of type | |
71 | .IR type ) | |
72 | at the directory | |
73 | .IR dir . | |
74 | The previous contents (if any) and owner and mode of | |
75 | .I dir | |
76 | become invisible, and as long as this file system remains mounted, | |
77 | the pathname | |
78 | .I dir | |
79 | refers to the root of the file system on | |
80 | .IR device . | |
81 | ||
82 | Three forms of invocation do not actually mount anything: | |
83 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 84 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
85 | .B "mount \-h" |
86 | .RE | |
87 | prints a help message; | |
88 | .RS | |
6dbe3af9 | 89 | .br |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
90 | .B "mount \-V" |
91 | .RE | |
92 | prints a version string; and just | |
93 | .RS | |
94 | .BI "mount [-t" " type" ] | |
95 | .RE | |
96 | lists all mounted file systems (of type | |
97 | .IR type ) | |
98 | - see below. | |
99 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 100 | The |
726f69e2 KZ |
101 | .I proc |
102 | file system is not associated with a special device, and when | |
103 | mounting it, an arbitrary keyword, such as | |
104 | .I proc | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
105 | can be used instead of a device specification. |
106 | (The customary choice | |
726f69e2 | 107 | .I none |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
108 | is less fortunate: the error message `none busy' from |
109 | .B umount | |
726f69e2 | 110 | can be confusing.) |
6dbe3af9 | 111 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
112 | Most devices are indicated by a file name (of a block special device), like |
113 | .IR /dev/sda1 , | |
114 | but there are other possibilities. For example, in the case of an NFS mount, | |
115 | .I device | |
116 | may look like | |
117 | .IR knuth.cwi.nl:/dir . | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
118 | It is possible to indicate a block special device using its |
119 | volume label or UUID (see the \-L and \-U options below). | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
120 | |
121 | The file | |
122 | .I /etc/fstab | |
123 | (see | |
124 | .BR fstab (5)), | |
125 | may contain lines describing what devices are usually | |
126 | mounted where, using which options. This file is used in three ways: | |
127 | .LP | |
128 | (i) The command | |
129 | .RS | |
130 | .br | |
131 | .BI "mount \-a [-t" " type" ] | |
132 | .RE | |
133 | (usually given in a bootscript) causes all file systems mentioned in | |
134 | .I fstab | |
135 | (of the proper type) to be mounted as indicated, except for those | |
136 | whose line contains the | |
137 | .B noauto | |
138 | keyword. Adding the | |
139 | .B \-F | |
140 | option will make mount fork, so that the | |
141 | filesystems are mounted simultaneously. | |
142 | .LP | |
143 | (ii) When mounting a file system mentioned in | |
144 | .IR fstab , | |
145 | it suffices to give only the device, or only the mount point. | |
146 | .LP | |
147 | (iii) Normally, only the superuser can mount file systems. | |
148 | However, when | |
149 | .I fstab | |
150 | contains the | |
151 | .B user | |
152 | option on a line, then anybody can mount the corresponding system. | |
153 | .LP | |
154 | Thus, given a line | |
155 | .RS | |
156 | .br | |
157 | .B "/dev/cdrom /cd iso9660 ro,user,noauto,unhide" | |
158 | .RE | |
159 | any user can mount the iso9660 file system found on his CDROM | |
160 | using the command | |
161 | .RS | |
162 | .br | |
163 | .B "mount /dev/cdrom" | |
164 | .RE | |
165 | or | |
166 | .RS | |
167 | .br | |
168 | .B "mount /cd" | |
169 | .RE | |
170 | For more details, see | |
171 | .BR fstab (5). | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
172 | Only the user that mounted a filesystem can unmount it again. |
173 | If any user should be able to unmount, then use | |
174 | .B users | |
175 | instead of | |
176 | .B user | |
177 | in the | |
178 | .I fstab | |
179 | line. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
180 | The |
181 | .B owner | |
182 | option is similar to the | |
183 | .B user | |
184 | option, with the restriction that the user must be the owner | |
185 | of the special file. This may be useful e.g. for | |
186 | .I /dev/fd | |
187 | if a login script makes the console user owner of this device. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
188 | |
189 | The programs | |
190 | .B mount | |
191 | and | |
192 | .B umount | |
193 | maintain a list of currently mounted file systems in the file | |
194 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
195 | If no arguments are given to | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
196 | .BR mount , |
197 | this list is printed. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
198 | When the |
199 | .I proc | |
200 | filesystem is mounted (say at | |
201 | .IR /proc ), | |
202 | the files | |
203 | .I /etc/mtab | |
204 | and | |
205 | .I /proc/mounts | |
206 | have very similar contents. The former has somewhat | |
207 | more information, such as the mount options used, | |
208 | but is not necessarily up-to-date (cf. the | |
209 | .B \-n | |
210 | option below). It is possible to replace | |
211 | .I /etc/mtab | |
212 | by a symbolic link to | |
213 | .IR /proc/mounts , | |
214 | but some information is lost that way, and in particular | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
215 | working with the loop device will be less convenient. Also, |
216 | pathnames containing spaces are handled correctly by | |
217 | .I /etc/mtab | |
218 | but not (yet) by | |
219 | .IR /proc/mounts . | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
220 | |
221 | .SH OPTIONS | |
222 | The full set of options used by an invocation of | |
223 | .B mount | |
224 | is determined by first extracting the | |
225 | options for the file system from the | |
226 | .I fstab | |
227 | table, then applying any options specified by the | |
228 | .B \-o | |
229 | argument, and finally applying a | |
230 | .BR \-r " or " \-w | |
231 | option, when present. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
232 | |
233 | Options available for the | |
234 | .B mount | |
235 | command: | |
236 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
237 | .B \-V |
238 | Output version. | |
239 | .TP | |
240 | .B \-h | |
241 | Print a help message. | |
242 | .TP | |
243 | .B \-v | |
244 | Verbose mode. | |
245 | .TP | |
246 | .B \-a | |
247 | Mount all filesystems (of the given types) mentioned in | |
248 | .IR fstab . | |
249 | .TP | |
250 | .B \-F | |
251 | (Used in conjunction with | |
252 | .BR \-a .) | |
253 | Fork off a new incarnation of mount for each device. | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
254 | This will do the mounts on different devices or different NFS servers |
255 | in parallel. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
256 | This has the advantage that it is faster; also NFS timeouts go in |
257 | parallel. A disadvantage is that the mounts are done in undefined order. | |
258 | Thus, you cannot use this option if you want to mount both | |
259 | .I /usr | |
260 | and | |
261 | .IR /usr/spool . | |
262 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
263 | .B \-f |
264 | Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call; if it's not | |
265 | obvious, this ``fakes'' mounting the file system. This option is useful in | |
266 | conjunction with the | |
267 | .B \-v | |
268 | flag to determine what the | |
269 | .B mount | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
270 | command is trying to do. It can also be used to add entries for devices |
271 | that were mounted earlier with the -n option. | |
272 | .TP | |
273 | .B \-n | |
274 | Mount without writing in | |
275 | .IR /etc/mtab . | |
276 | This is necessary for example when | |
277 | .I /etc | |
278 | is on a read-only file system. | |
279 | .TP | |
2b6fc908 KZ |
280 | .B \-s |
281 | Tolerate sloppy mount options rather than failing. This will ignore | |
282 | mount options not supported by a filesystem type. Not all filesystems | |
283 | support this option. This option exists for support of the Linux | |
284 | autofs\-based automounter. | |
285 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
286 | .B \-r |
287 | Mount the file system read-only. A synonym is | |
288 | .BR "\-o ro" . | |
289 | .TP | |
290 | .B \-w | |
291 | Mount the file system read/write. This is the default. A synonym is | |
292 | .BR "\-o rw" . | |
293 | .TP | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
294 | .BI \-L " label" |
295 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
296 | .IR label . | |
297 | .TP | |
298 | .BI \-U " uuid" | |
299 | Mount the partition that has the specified | |
300 | .IR uuid . | |
301 | These two options require the file | |
302 | .I /proc/partitions | |
303 | (present since Linux 2.1.116) to exist. | |
304 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
305 | .BI \-t " vfstype" |
306 | The argument following the | |
307 | .B \-t | |
308 | is used to indicate the file system type. The file system types which are | |
309 | currently supported are listed in | |
310 | .IR linux/fs/filesystems.c : | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
311 | .IR adfs , |
312 | .IR affs , | |
eb63b9b8 | 313 | .IR autofs , |
5c36a0eb | 314 | .IR coda , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
315 | .IR coherent , |
316 | .IR devpts , | |
317 | .IR efs , | |
318 | .IR ext , | |
319 | .IR ext2 , | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
320 | .IR hfs , |
321 | .IR hpfs , | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
322 | .IR iso9660 , |
323 | .IR minix , | |
324 | .IR msdos , | |
325 | .IR ncpfs , | |
326 | .IR nfs , | |
5c36a0eb | 327 | .IR ntfs , |
eb63b9b8 | 328 | .IR proc , |
5c36a0eb KZ |
329 | .IR qnx4 , |
330 | .IR romfs , | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
331 | .IR smbfs , |
332 | .IR sysv , | |
333 | .IR udf , | |
5c36a0eb | 334 | .IR ufs , |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
335 | .IR umsdos , |
336 | .IR vfat , | |
337 | .IR xenix , | |
338 | .IR xiafs . | |
339 | Note that coherent, sysv and xenix are equivalent and that | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
340 | .I xenix |
341 | and | |
342 | .I coherent | |
343 | will be removed at some point in the future \(em use | |
344 | .I sysv | |
345 | instead. Since kernel version 2.1.21 the types | |
346 | .I ext | |
347 | and | |
348 | .I xiafs | |
349 | do not exist anymore. | |
350 | ||
5c36a0eb KZ |
351 | For most types all the |
352 | .B mount | |
353 | program has to do is issue a simple | |
354 | .IR mount (2) | |
355 | system call, and no detailed knowledge of the filesystem type is required. | |
356 | For a few types however (like nfs, smbfs, ncpfs) ad hoc code is | |
357 | necessary. The nfs ad hoc code is built in, but smbfs and ncpfs | |
358 | have a separate mount program. In order to make it possible to | |
359 | treat all types in a uniform way, mount will execute the program | |
360 | .I /sbin/mount.TYPE | |
361 | (if that exists) when called with type smb or ncp. | |
362 | Since various versions of the | |
363 | .I smbmount | |
364 | program have different calling conventions, | |
365 | .I /sbin/mount.smb | |
366 | may have to be a shell script that sets up the desired call. | |
367 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
368 | The type |
369 | .I iso9660 | |
370 | is the default. If no | |
371 | .B \-t | |
372 | option is given, or if the | |
373 | .B auto | |
374 | type is specified, the superblock is probed for the filesystem type | |
375 | .RI ( minix ", " ext ", " ext2 ", " xiafs ", " iso9660 ", " romfs | |
eb63b9b8 | 376 | .RI , ufs ", " ntfs ", " qnx4 ", " bfs |
fd6b7a7f | 377 | are supported). |
5c36a0eb KZ |
378 | If this probe fails, mount will try to read the file |
379 | .IR /etc/filesystems , | |
380 | or, if that does not exist, | |
381 | .IR /proc/filesystems . | |
382 | All of the filesystem types listed there will be tried, | |
fd6b7a7f | 383 | except for those that are labeled "nodev" (e.g., |
eb63b9b8 | 384 | .IR devpts , |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
385 | .I proc |
386 | and | |
387 | .IR nfs ). | |
388 | ||
389 | Note that the | |
390 | .B auto | |
391 | type may be useful for user-mounted floppies. | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
392 | Creating a file |
393 | .I /etc/filesystems | |
394 | can be useful to change the probe order (e.g., to try vfat before msdos) | |
395 | or if you use a kernel module autoloader. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
396 | Warning: the probing uses a heuristic (the presence of appropriate `magic'), |
397 | and could recognize the wrong filesystem type. | |
398 | ||
399 | More than one type may be specified in a comma separated | |
400 | list. The list of file system types can be prefixed with | |
401 | .B no | |
402 | to specify the file system types on which no action should be taken. | |
403 | (This can be meaningful with the | |
404 | .B \-a | |
405 | option.) | |
406 | ||
407 | For example, the command: | |
408 | .RS | |
409 | .RS | |
410 | .B "mount \-a \-t nomsdos,ext" | |
411 | .RE | |
412 | mounts all file systems except those of type | |
413 | .I msdos | |
414 | and | |
415 | .IR ext . | |
416 | .RE | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
417 | .TP |
418 | .B \-o | |
419 | Options are specified with a | |
420 | .B \-o | |
421 | flag followed by a comma separated string of options. | |
fd6b7a7f | 422 | Some of these options are only useful when they appear in the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
423 | .I /etc/fstab |
424 | file. The following options apply to any file system that is being | |
425 | mounted: | |
426 | .RS | |
427 | .TP | |
428 | .B async | |
429 | All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously. | |
430 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
431 | .B atime |
432 | Update inode access time for each access. This is the default. | |
433 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
434 | .B auto |
435 | Can be mounted with the | |
436 | .B \-a | |
437 | option. | |
438 | .TP | |
439 | .B defaults | |
440 | Use default options: | |
441 | .BR rw ", " suid ", " dev ", " exec ", " auto ", " nouser ", and " async. | |
442 | .TP | |
443 | .B dev | |
444 | Interpret character or block special devices on the file system. | |
445 | .TP | |
446 | .B exec | |
447 | Permit execution of binaries. | |
448 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
449 | .B noatime |
450 | Do not update inode access times on this file system (e.g, for faster | |
451 | access on the news spool to speed up news servers). | |
452 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
453 | .B noauto |
454 | Can only be mounted explicitly (i.e., the | |
455 | .B \-a | |
456 | option will not cause the file system to be mounted). | |
457 | .TP | |
458 | .B nodev | |
459 | Do not interpret character or block special devices on the file | |
fd6b7a7f | 460 | system. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
461 | .TP |
462 | .B noexec | |
463 | Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 464 | This option might be useful for a server that has file systems containing |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
465 | binaries for architectures other than its own. |
466 | .TP | |
467 | .B nosuid | |
468 | Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
5c36a0eb KZ |
469 | effect. (This seems safe, but is in fact rather unsafe if you have |
470 | suidperl(1) installed.) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
471 | .TP |
472 | .B nouser | |
473 | Forbid an ordinary (i.e., non-root) user to mount the file system. | |
fd6b7a7f | 474 | This is the default. |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
475 | .TP |
476 | .B remount | |
477 | Attempt to remount an already-mounted file system. This is commonly | |
478 | used to change the mount flags for a file system, especially to make a | |
479 | readonly file system writeable. | |
480 | .TP | |
481 | .B ro | |
482 | Mount the file system read-only. | |
483 | .TP | |
484 | .B rw | |
485 | Mount the file system read-write. | |
486 | .TP | |
487 | .B suid | |
488 | Allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits to take | |
489 | effect. | |
490 | .TP | |
491 | .B sync | |
492 | All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously. | |
493 | .TP | |
494 | .B user | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
495 | Allow an ordinary user to mount the file system. This option implies |
496 | the options | |
6dbe3af9 | 497 | .BR noexec ", " nosuid ", and " nodev |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
498 | (unless overridden by subsequent options, as in the option line |
499 | .BR user,exec,dev,suid ). | |
500 | .RE | |
501 | ||
502 | .SH "FILESYSTEM SPECIFIC MOUNT OPTIONS" | |
503 | The following options apply only to certain file systems. | |
504 | We sort them by file system. They all follow the | |
505 | .B \-o | |
506 | flag. | |
507 | ||
508 | .SH "Mount options for affs" | |
6dbe3af9 | 509 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
510 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
511 | Set the owner and group of the root of the file system (default: uid=gid=0, | |
512 | but with option | |
513 | .B uid | |
6dbe3af9 | 514 | or |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
515 | .B gid |
516 | without specified value, the uid and gid of the current process are taken). | |
6dbe3af9 | 517 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
518 | \fBsetuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBsetgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
519 | Set the owner and group of all files. | |
520 | .TP | |
521 | .BI mode= value | |
522 | Set the mode of all files to | |
523 | .IR value " & 0777" | |
524 | disregarding the original permissions. | |
525 | Add search permission to directories that have read permission. | |
526 | The value is given in octal. | |
527 | .TP | |
528 | .B protect | |
529 | Do not allow any changes to the protection bits on the file system. | |
530 | .TP | |
531 | .B usemp | |
532 | Set uid and gid of the root of the file system to the uid and gid | |
533 | of the mount point upon the first sync or umount, and then | |
534 | clear this option. Strange... | |
535 | .TP | |
536 | .B verbose | |
537 | Print an informational message for each successful mount. | |
538 | .TP | |
539 | .BI prefix= string | |
540 | Prefix used before volume name, when following a link. | |
541 | .TP | |
542 | .BI volume= string | |
543 | Prefix (of length at most 30) used before '/' when following a symbolic link. | |
544 | .TP | |
545 | .BI reserved= value | |
546 | (Default: 2.) Number of unused blocks at the start of the device. | |
547 | .TP | |
548 | .BI root= value | |
549 | Give explicitly the location of the root block. | |
6dbe3af9 | 550 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
551 | .BI bs= value |
552 | Give blocksize. Allowed values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096. | |
6dbe3af9 | 553 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
554 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota |
555 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
556 | ||
557 | .SH "Mount options for coherent" | |
558 | None. | |
559 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
560 | .SH "Mount options for devpts" |
561 | The devpts file system is a pseudo file system, traditionally mounted on | |
562 | .IR /dev/pts . | |
563 | In order to acquire a pseudo terminal, a process opens | |
564 | .IR /dev/ptmx ; | |
565 | the number of the pseudo terminal is then made available to the process | |
566 | and the pseudo terminal slave can be accessed as | |
567 | .IR /dev/pts/ <number>. | |
568 | .TP | |
569 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
570 | This sets the owner or the group of newly created PTYs to | |
571 | the specified values. When nothing is specified, they will | |
572 | be set to the UID and GID of the creating process. | |
573 | For example, if there is a tty group with GID 5, then | |
574 | .B gid=5 | |
575 | will cause newly created PTYs to belong to the tty group. | |
576 | .TP | |
577 | .BI mode= value | |
578 | Set the mode of newly created PTYs to the specified value. | |
579 | The default is 0600. | |
580 | A value of | |
581 | .B mode=620 | |
582 | and | |
583 | .B gid=5 | |
584 | makes "mesg y" the default on newly created PTYs. | |
585 | ||
fd6b7a7f KZ |
586 | .SH "Mount options for ext" |
587 | None. | |
588 | Note that the `ext' file system is obsolete. Don't use it. | |
589 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 extfs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
590 | ||
591 | .SH "Mount options for ext2" | |
592 | The `ext2' file system is the standard Linux file system. | |
593 | Due to a kernel bug, it may be mounted with random mount options | |
594 | (fixed in Linux 2.0.4). | |
595 | .TP | |
596 | .BR bsddf " / " minixdf | |
597 | Set the behaviour for the | |
598 | .I statfs | |
599 | system call. The | |
600 | .B minixdf | |
601 | behaviour is to return in the | |
602 | .I f_blocks | |
603 | field the total number of blocks of the file system, while the | |
604 | .B bsddf | |
605 | behaviour (which is the default) is to subtract the overhead blocks | |
606 | used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus | |
6dbe3af9 | 607 | .RE |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
608 | .nf |
609 | ||
610 | % mount /k -o minixdf; df /k; umount /k | |
611 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
612 | /dev/sda6 2630655 86954 2412169 3% /k | |
613 | % mount /k -o bsddf; df /k; umount /k | |
614 | Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on | |
615 | /dev/sda6 2543714 13 2412169 0% /k | |
616 | ||
617 | .fi | |
618 | (Note that this example shows that one can add command line options | |
619 | to the options given in | |
620 | .IR /etc/fstab .) | |
621 | ||
6dbe3af9 | 622 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
623 | .BR check " / " check=normal " / " check=strict |
624 | Set checking level. When at least one of these options is set (and | |
625 | .B check=normal | |
626 | is set by default) the inodes and blocks bitmaps are checked upon mount | |
627 | (which can take half a minute or so on a big disk). | |
628 | With strict checking, block deallocation checks that the block to free | |
629 | is in the data zone. | |
630 | .TP | |
631 | .BR check=none " / " nocheck | |
632 | No checking is done. | |
633 | .TP | |
634 | .B debug | |
635 | Print debugging info upon each (re)mount. | |
636 | .TP | |
637 | .BR errors=continue " / " errors=remount-ro " / " errors=panic | |
638 | Define the behaviour when an error is encountered. | |
639 | (Either ignore errors and just mark the file system erroneous and continue, | |
640 | or remount the file system read-only, or panic and halt the system.) | |
641 | The default is set in the filesystem superblock, and can be | |
642 | changed using | |
643 | .BR tune2fs (8). | |
644 | .TP | |
645 | .BR grpid " or " bsdgroups " / " nogrpid " or " sysvgroups | |
646 | These options define what group id a newly created file gets. | |
647 | When | |
648 | .BR grpid | |
649 | is set, it takes the group id of the directory in which it is created; | |
650 | otherwise (the default) it takes the fsgid of the current process, unless | |
651 | the directory has the setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid | |
652 | from the parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set | |
653 | if it is a directory itself. | |
654 | .TP | |
655 | \fBresgid=\fP\fIn\fP and \fBresuid=\fP\fIn\fP | |
656 | The ext2 file system reserves a certain percentage of the available | |
657 | space (by default 5%, see | |
658 | .BR mke2fs (8) | |
659 | and | |
660 | .BR tune2fs (8)). | |
661 | These options determine who can use the reserved blocks. | |
662 | (Roughly: whoever has the specified uid, or belongs to the specified group.) | |
663 | .TP | |
664 | .BI sb= n | |
665 | Instead of block 1, use block | |
666 | .I n | |
667 | as superblock. This could be useful when the filesystem has been damaged. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
668 | (Earlier, copies of the superblock would be made every 8192 blocks: in |
669 | block 1, 8193, 16385, ... (and one got hundreds or even thousands | |
670 | of copies on a big filesystem). Since version 1.08, | |
671 | .B mke2fs | |
672 | has a \-s (sparse superblock) option to reduce the number of backup | |
673 | superblocks, and since version 1.15 this is the default. Note | |
674 | that this may mean that ext2 filesystems created by a recent | |
675 | .B mke2fs | |
676 | cannot be mounted r/w under Linux 2.0.*.) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
677 | .TP |
678 | .BR grpquota " / " noquota " / " quota " / " usrquota | |
679 | These options are accepted but ignored. | |
680 | ||
681 | .SH "Mount options for fat" | |
682 | (Note: | |
683 | .I fat | |
684 | is not a separate filesystem, but a common part of the | |
685 | .IR msdos , | |
686 | .I umsdos | |
687 | and | |
688 | .I vfat | |
689 | filesystems.) | |
690 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 691 | .BR blocksize=512 " / " blocksize=1024 " / " blocksize=2048 |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
692 | Set blocksize (default 512). |
693 | .TP | |
694 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
695 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
696 | of the current process.) | |
697 | .TP | |
698 | .BI umask= value | |
699 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
700 | .B not | |
701 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
702 | The value is given in octal. | |
703 | .TP | |
704 | .BI check= value | |
705 | Three different levels of pickyness can be chosen: | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
706 | .RS |
707 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 708 | .B r[elaxed] |
6dbe3af9 | 709 | Upper and lower case are accepted and equivalent, long name parts are |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
710 | truncated (e.g. |
711 | .I verylongname.foobar | |
712 | becomes | |
713 | .IR verylong.foo ), | |
714 | leading and embedded spaces are accepted in each name part (name and extension). | |
6dbe3af9 | 715 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f | 716 | .B n[ormal] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
717 | Like "relaxed", but many special characters (*, ?, <, spaces, etc.) are |
718 | rejected. This is the default. | |
719 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 720 | .B s[trict] |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
721 | Like "normal", but names may not contain long parts and special characters |
722 | that are sometimes used on Linux, but are not accepted by MS-DOS are | |
723 | rejected. (+, =, spaces, etc.) | |
724 | .RE | |
725 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
726 | .BI codepage= value |
727 | Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters on FAT | |
728 | and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437 is used. | |
729 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 730 | .BR conv=b[inary] " / " conv=t[ext] " / " conv=a[uto] |
6dbe3af9 | 731 | The |
fd6b7a7f | 732 | .I fat |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
733 | file system can perform CRLF<-->NL (MS-DOS text format to UNIX text |
734 | format) conversion in the kernel. The following conversion modes are | |
735 | available: | |
736 | .RS | |
737 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 738 | .B binary |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
739 | no translation is performed. This is the default. |
740 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 741 | .B text |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
742 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files. |
743 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f | 744 | .B auto |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
745 | CRLF<-->NL translation is performed on all files that don't have a |
746 | "well-known binary" extension. The list of known extensions can be found at | |
747 | the beginning of | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
748 | .I fs/fat/misc.c |
749 | (as of 2.0, the list is: exe, com, bin, app, sys, drv, ovl, ovr, obj, | |
6dbe3af9 | 750 | lib, dll, pif, arc, zip, lha, lzh, zoo, tar, z, arj, tz, taz, tzp, tpz, |
726f69e2 | 751 | gz, tgz, deb, gif, bmp, tif, gl, jpg, pcx, tfm, vf, gf, pk, pxl, dvi). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
752 | .PP |
753 | Programs that do computed lseeks won't like in-kernel text conversion. | |
726f69e2 | 754 | Several people have had their data ruined by this translation. Beware! |
6dbe3af9 | 755 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
756 | For file systems mounted in binary mode, a conversion tool |
757 | (fromdos/todos) is available. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
758 | .RE |
759 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
760 | .BI cvf_format= module |
761 | Forces the driver to use the CVF (Compressed Volume File) module | |
762 | .RI cvf_ module | |
763 | instead of auto-detection. If the kernel supports kmod, the | |
764 | cvf_format=xxx option also controls on-demand CVF module loading. | |
765 | .TP | |
766 | .BI cvf_option= option | |
767 | Option passed to the CVF module. | |
768 | .TP | |
6dbe3af9 | 769 | .B debug |
fd6b7a7f | 770 | Turn on the |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
771 | .I debug |
772 | flag. A version string and a list of file system parameters will be | |
773 | printed (these data are also printed if the parameters appear to be | |
774 | inconsistent). | |
775 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
776 | .BR fat=12 " / " fat=16 " / " fat=32 |
777 | Specify a 12, 16 or 32 bit fat. This overrides | |
fd6b7a7f | 778 | the automatic FAT type detection routine. Use with caution! |
6dbe3af9 | 779 | .TP |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
780 | .BI iocharset= value |
781 | Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters | |
782 | and 16 bit Unicode characters. The default is iso8859-1. | |
783 | Long filenames are stored on disk in Unicode format. | |
784 | .TP | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
785 | .B quiet |
786 | Turn on the | |
787 | .I quiet | |
788 | flag. Attempts to chown or chmod files do not return errors, | |
789 | although they fail. Use with caution! | |
6dbe3af9 | 790 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
791 | .B "sys_immutable, showexec, dots, nodots, dotsOK=[yes|no]" |
792 | Various misguided attempts to force Unix or DOS conventions | |
793 | onto a FAT file system. | |
794 | ||
795 | .SH "Mount options for hpfs" | |
6dbe3af9 | 796 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
797 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
798 | Set the owner and group of all files. (Default: the uid and gid | |
799 | of the current process.) | |
6dbe3af9 | 800 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
801 | .BI umask= value |
802 | Set the umask (the bitmask of the permissions that are | |
803 | .B not | |
804 | present). The default is the umask of the current process. | |
805 | The value is given in octal. | |
806 | .TP | |
807 | .BR case=lower " / " case=asis | |
808 | Convert all files names to lower case, or leave them. | |
809 | (Default: | |
810 | .BR case=lower .) | |
811 | .TP | |
812 | .BR conv=binary " / " conv=text " / " conv=auto | |
813 | For | |
814 | .BR conv=text , | |
815 | delete some random CRs (in particular, all followed by NL) | |
816 | when reading a file. | |
817 | For | |
818 | .BR conv=auto , | |
819 | choose more or less at random between | |
820 | .BR conv=binary " and " conv=text . | |
821 | For | |
822 | .BR conv=binary , | |
823 | just read what is in the file. This is the default. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
824 | .TP |
825 | .B nocheck | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
826 | Do not abort mounting when certain consistency checks fail. |
827 | ||
828 | .SH "Mount options for iso9660" | |
6dbe3af9 | 829 | Normal |
fd6b7a7f | 830 | .I iso9660 |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
831 | filenames appear in a 8.3 format (i.e., DOS-like restrictions on filename |
832 | length), and in addition all characters are in upper case. Also there is | |
833 | no field for file ownership, protection, number of links, provision for | |
834 | block/character devices, etc. | |
835 | ||
836 | Rock Ridge is an extension to iso9660 that provides all of these unix like | |
837 | features. Basically there are extensions to each directory record that | |
838 | supply all of the additional information, and when Rock Ridge is in use, | |
839 | the filesystem is indistinguishable from a normal UNIX file system (except | |
840 | that it is read-only, of course). | |
fd6b7a7f | 841 | .TP |
6dbe3af9 | 842 | .B norock |
fd6b7a7f | 843 | Disable the use of Rock Ridge extensions, even if available. Cf.\& |
6dbe3af9 | 844 | .BR map . |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
845 | .B nojoliet |
846 | Disable the use of Microsoft Joliet extensions, even if available. Cf.\& | |
847 | .BR map . | |
6dbe3af9 | 848 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
849 | .BR check=r[elaxed] " / " check=s[trict] |
850 | With | |
851 | .BR check=relaxed , | |
852 | a filename is first converted to lower case before doing the lookup. | |
853 | This is probably only meaningful together with | |
854 | .B norock | |
6dbe3af9 | 855 | and |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
856 | .BR map=normal . |
857 | (Default: | |
858 | .BR check=strict .) | |
859 | .TP | |
860 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
861 | Give all files in the file system the indicated user or group id, | |
862 | possibly overriding the information found in the Rock Ridge extensions. | |
863 | (Default: | |
864 | .BR uid=0,gid=0 .) | |
865 | .TP | |
eb63b9b8 | 866 | .BR map=n[ormal] " / " map=o[ff] " / " map=a[corn] |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
867 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, normal name translation maps upper |
868 | to lower case ASCII, drops a trailing `;1', and converts `;' to `.'. | |
869 | With | |
870 | .B map=off | |
871 | no name translation is done. See | |
872 | .BR norock . | |
873 | (Default: | |
874 | .BR map=normal .) | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
875 | .B map=acorn |
876 | is like | |
877 | .BR map=normal | |
878 | but also apply Acorn extensions if present. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
879 | .TP |
880 | .BI mode= value | |
881 | For non-Rock Ridge volumes, give all files the indicated mode. | |
882 | (Default: read permission for everybody.) | |
883 | Since Linux 2.1.37 one no longer needs to specify the mode in | |
884 | decimal. (Octal is indicated by a leading 0.) | |
885 | .TP | |
886 | .B unhide | |
887 | Also show hidden and associated files. | |
888 | .TP | |
889 | .B block=[512|1024|2048] | |
890 | Set the block size to the indicated value. | |
891 | (Default: | |
892 | .BR block=1024 .) | |
893 | .TP | |
894 | .BR conv=a[uto] " / " conv=b[inary] " / " conv=m[text] " / " conv=t[ext] | |
895 | (Default: | |
896 | .BR conv=binary .) | |
897 | Since Linux 1.3.54 this option has no effect anymore. | |
898 | (And non-binary settings used to be very dangerous, | |
eb63b9b8 | 899 | possibly leading to silent data corruption.) |
6dbe3af9 | 900 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
901 | .B cruft |
902 | If the high byte of the file length contains other garbage, | |
903 | set this mount option to ignore the high order bits of the file length. | |
904 | This implies that a file cannot be larger than 16MB. | |
905 | The `cruft' option is set automatically if the entire CDROM | |
906 | has a weird size (negative, or more than 800MB). It is also | |
907 | set when volume sequence numbers other than 0 or 1 are seen. | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
908 | .TP |
909 | .B session=x | |
910 | Select number of session on multisession CD. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
911 | .TP | |
912 | .B sbsector=xxx | |
913 | Session begins from sector xxx. (Since 2.3.4.) | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
914 | |
915 | .SH "Mount options for minix" | |
916 | None. | |
6dbe3af9 | 917 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
918 | .SH "Mount options for msdos" |
919 | See mount options for fat. | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
920 | If the |
921 | .I msdos | |
922 | file system detects an inconsistency, it reports an error and sets the file | |
923 | system read-only. The file system can be made writeable again by remounting | |
924 | it. | |
6dbe3af9 | 925 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
926 | .SH "Mount options for ncp" |
927 | Just like | |
928 | .IR nfs ", the " ncp | |
929 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
930 | .IR "struct ncp_mount_data" ) | |
931 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
932 | .BR ncpmount (8) | |
933 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 934 | .B mount |
fd6b7a7f | 935 | (2.6h) does not know anything about ncp. |
6dbe3af9 | 936 | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
937 | .SH "Mount options for nfs" |
938 | Instead of a textual option string, parsed by the kernel, the | |
939 | .I nfs | |
940 | file system expects a binary argument of type | |
941 | .IR "struct nfs_mount_data" . | |
942 | The program | |
943 | .B mount | |
944 | itself parses the following options of the form `tag=value', | |
945 | and puts them in the structure mentioned: | |
946 | .BI rsize= n, | |
947 | .BI wsize= n, | |
948 | .BI timeo= n, | |
949 | .BI retrans= n, | |
950 | .BI acregmin= n, | |
951 | .BI acregmax= n, | |
952 | .BI acdirmin= n, | |
953 | .BI acdirmax= n, | |
954 | .BI actimeo= n, | |
955 | .BI retry= n, | |
956 | .BI port= n, | |
957 | .BI mountport= n, | |
958 | .BI mounthost= name, | |
959 | .BI mountprog= n, | |
960 | .BI mountvers= n, | |
961 | .BI nfsprog= n, | |
962 | .BI nfsvers= n, | |
963 | .BI namlen= n. | |
964 | The option | |
965 | .BI addr= n | |
966 | is accepted but ignored. | |
967 | Also the following Boolean options, possibly preceded by | |
968 | .B no | |
969 | are recognized: | |
970 | .BR bg , | |
971 | .BR fg , | |
972 | .BR soft , | |
973 | .BR hard , | |
974 | .BR intr , | |
975 | .BR posix , | |
976 | .BR cto , | |
977 | .BR ac , | |
978 | .BR tcp , | |
979 | .BR udp , | |
980 | .BR lock . | |
981 | For details, see | |
982 | .BR nfs (5). | |
6dbe3af9 | 983 | |
fd6b7a7f | 984 | Especially useful options include |
6dbe3af9 | 985 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
986 | .B rsize=8192,wsize=8192 |
987 | This will make your nfs connection much faster than with the default | |
988 | buffer size of 1024. | |
6dbe3af9 | 989 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
990 | .B hard |
991 | The program accessing a file on a NFS mounted file system will hang | |
992 | when the server crashes. The process cannot be interrupted or | |
993 | killed unless you also specify | |
994 | .BR intr . | |
995 | When the NFS server is back online the program will continue undisturbed | |
996 | from where it was. This is probably what you want. | |
6dbe3af9 | 997 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
998 | .B soft |
999 | This option allows the kernel to time out if the nfs server is not | |
1000 | responding for some time. The time can be | |
1001 | specified with | |
1002 | .BR timeo=time . | |
1003 | This option might be useful if your nfs server sometimes doesn't respond | |
1004 | or will be rebooted while some process tries to get a file from the server. | |
1005 | Usually it just causes lots of trouble. | |
6dbe3af9 | 1006 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1007 | .B nolock |
1008 | Do not use locking. Do not start lockd. | |
1009 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1010 | .SH "Mount options for ntfs" |
1011 | .TP | |
1012 | .BI iocharset= name | |
1013 | Character set to use when returning file names. | |
1014 | Unlike VFAT, NTFS suppresses names that contain | |
1015 | unconvertible characters. | |
1016 | .TP | |
1017 | .BR utf8 | |
1018 | Use UTF-8 for converting file names. | |
1019 | .TP | |
1020 | .B uni_xlate=[0|1|2] | |
1021 | For 0 (or `no' or `false') or 1 (or `yes' or `true'): | |
1022 | use the VFAT-style encoding for file names outside the current | |
1023 | character set. A value of 2 will disable the encoding with ":". | |
1024 | .TP | |
1025 | .B posix=[0|1] | |
1026 | If enabled (posix=1), the file system distinguishes between | |
1027 | upper and lower case. The 8.3 alias names are presented as | |
1028 | hard links instead of being suppressed. | |
1029 | .TP | |
1030 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP, \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBumask=\fP\fIvalue\fP | |
1031 | Set the file permission on the filesystem. | |
1032 | By default, the files are owned by root and not readable by somebody else. | |
1033 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1034 | .SH "Mount options for proc" |
6dbe3af9 | 1035 | .TP |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1036 | \fBuid=\fP\fIvalue\fP and \fBgid=\fP\fIvalue\fP |
1037 | These options are recognized, but have no effect as far as I can see. | |
1038 | ||
1039 | .SH "Mount options for romfs" | |
1040 | None. | |
1041 | ||
1042 | .SH "Mount options for smbfs" | |
1043 | Just like | |
1044 | .IR nfs ", the " smb | |
1045 | implementation expects a binary argument (a | |
1046 | .IR "struct smb_mount_data" ) | |
1047 | to the mount system call. This argument is constructed by | |
1048 | .BR smbmount (8) | |
1049 | and the current version of | |
6dbe3af9 | 1050 | .B mount |
eb63b9b8 | 1051 | (2.9w) does not know anything about smb. |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1052 | |
1053 | .SH "Mount options for sysv" | |
1054 | None. | |
1055 | ||
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1056 | .SH "Mount options for udf" |
1057 | .TP | |
1058 | .B gid= | |
1059 | Set the default group. | |
1060 | .TP | |
1061 | .B umask= | |
1062 | Set the default umask. | |
1063 | .TP | |
1064 | .B uid= | |
1065 | Set the default user. | |
1066 | .TP | |
1067 | .B unhide | |
1068 | Show otherwise hidden files. | |
1069 | .TP | |
1070 | .B undelete | |
1071 | Show deleted files in lists. | |
1072 | .TP | |
1073 | .B strict | |
1074 | Set strict conformance (unused). | |
1075 | .TP | |
1076 | .B utf8 | |
1077 | (unused). | |
1078 | .TP | |
1079 | .B iocharset | |
1080 | (unused). | |
1081 | .TP | |
1082 | .B bs= | |
1083 | Set the block size. (May not work unless 2048.) | |
1084 | .TP | |
1085 | .B novrs | |
1086 | Skip volume sequence recognition. | |
1087 | .TP | |
1088 | .B session= | |
1089 | Set the CDROM session counting from 0. Default: last session. | |
1090 | .TP | |
1091 | .B anchor= | |
1092 | Override standard anchor location. Default: 256. | |
1093 | .TP | |
1094 | .B volume= | |
1095 | Override the VolumeDesc location. (unused) | |
1096 | .TP | |
1097 | .B partition= | |
1098 | Override the PartitionDesc location. (unused) | |
1099 | .TP | |
1100 | .B lastblock= | |
1101 | Set the last block of the filesystem. | |
1102 | .TP | |
1103 | .B fileset= | |
1104 | Override the fileset block location. (unused) | |
1105 | .TP | |
1106 | .B rootdir= | |
1107 | Override the root directory location. (unused) | |
1108 | ||
fd6b7a7f | 1109 | .SH "Mount options for ufs" |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1110 | .TP |
1111 | .BI ufstype= value | |
1112 | UFS is a file system widely used in different operating systems. | |
1113 | The problem are differences among implementations. Features of some | |
1114 | implementations are undocumented, so its hard to recognize the | |
1115 | type of ufs automatically. | |
1116 | That's why user must specify the type of ufs by mount option. | |
1117 | Possible values are: | |
1118 | .RS | |
1119 | .TP | |
1120 | .B old | |
1121 | Old format of ufs, this is the default, read only. | |
1122 | .TP | |
1123 | .B 44bsd | |
1124 | For filesystems created by a BSD-like system (NetBSD,FreeBSD,OpenBSD). | |
1125 | .TP | |
1126 | .B sun | |
1127 | For filesystems created by SunOS or Solaris on Sparc. | |
1128 | .TP | |
1129 | .B sunx86 | |
1130 | For filesystems created by Solaris on x86. | |
1131 | .TP | |
1132 | .B nextstep | |
1133 | For filesystems created by NeXTStep (on NeXT station) (currently read only). | |
1134 | .TP | |
1135 | .B nextstep-cd | |
1136 | For NextStep CDROMs (block_size == 2048), read-only. | |
1137 | .TP | |
1138 | .B openstep | |
1139 | For filesystems created by OpenStep (currently read only). | |
1140 | .RE | |
1141 | ||
1142 | .TP | |
1143 | .BI onerror= value | |
1144 | Set behaviour on error: | |
1145 | .RS | |
1146 | .TP | |
1147 | .B panic | |
1148 | If an error is encountered, cause a kernel panic. | |
1149 | .TP | |
1150 | .B [lock|umount|repair] | |
1151 | These mount options don't do anything at present; | |
1152 | when an error is encountered only a console message is printed. | |
1153 | .RE | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1154 | |
1155 | .SH "Mount options for umsdos" | |
1156 | See mount options for msdos. | |
1157 | The | |
1158 | .B dotsOK | |
1159 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1160 | .IR umsdos . | |
1161 | ||
1162 | .SH "Mount options for vfat" | |
1163 | First of all, the mount options for | |
1164 | .I fat | |
1165 | are recognized. | |
1166 | The | |
1167 | .B dotsOK | |
1168 | option is explicitly killed by | |
1169 | .IR vfat . | |
1170 | Furthermore, there are | |
1171 | .TP | |
1172 | .B uni_xlate | |
1173 | Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special escaped sequences. | |
1174 | This lets you backup and restore filenames that are created with any | |
1175 | Unicode characters. Without this option, a '?' is used when no | |
1176 | translation is possible. The escape character is ':' because it is | |
1177 | otherwise illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence | |
1178 | that gets used, where u is the unicode character, | |
1179 | is: ':', (u & 0x3f), ((u>>6) & 0x3f), (u>>12). | |
1180 | .TP | |
1181 | .B posix | |
1182 | Allow two files with names that only differ in case. | |
1183 | .TP | |
1184 | .B nonumtail | |
1185 | First try to make a short name without sequence number, | |
1186 | before trying | |
1187 | .IR name~num.ext . | |
eb63b9b8 KZ |
1188 | .TP |
1189 | .B utf8 | |
1190 | UTF8 is the filesystem safe 8-bit encoding of Unicode that is used | |
1191 | by the console. It can be be enabled for the filesystem with this option. | |
1192 | If `uni_xlate' gets set, UTF8 gets disabled. | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1193 | |
1194 | .SH "Mount options for xenix" | |
1195 | None. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | .SH "Mount options for xiafs" | |
1198 | None. Although nothing is wrong with xiafs, it is not used much, | |
1199 | and is not maintained. Probably one shouldn't use it. | |
1200 | Since Linux version 2.1.21 xiafs is no longer part of the kernel source. | |
1201 | ||
1202 | .SH "THE LOOP DEVICE" | |
1203 | One further possible type is a mount via the loop device. For example, | |
1204 | the command | |
1205 | ||
1206 | .nf | |
1207 | .B " mount /tmp/fdimage /mnt -t msdos -o loop=/dev/loop3,blocksize=1024" | |
1208 | .fi | |
1209 | ||
1210 | will set up the loop device | |
1211 | .I /dev/loop3 | |
1212 | to correspond to the file | |
1213 | .IR /tmp/fdimage , | |
1214 | and then mount this device on | |
1215 | .IR /mnt . | |
1216 | This type of mount knows about three options, namely | |
1217 | .BR loop ", " offset " and " encryption , | |
1218 | that are really options to | |
1219 | .BR losetup (8). | |
1220 | If no explicit loop device is mentioned | |
1221 | (but just an option `\fB\-o loop\fP' is given), then | |
1222 | .B mount | |
1223 | will try to find some unused loop device and use that. | |
7eda085c KZ |
1224 | If you are not so unwise as to make |
1225 | .I /etc/mtab | |
1226 | a symbolic link to | |
1227 | .I /proc/mounts | |
1228 | then any loop device allocated by | |
1229 | .B mount | |
1230 | will be freed by | |
1231 | .BR umount . | |
1232 | You can also free a loop device by hand, using `losetup -d', see | |
1233 | .BR losetup (8). | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1234 | |
1235 | .SH FILES | |
1236 | .I /etc/fstab | |
1237 | file system table | |
1238 | .br | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1239 | .I /etc/mtab |
1240 | table of mounted file systems | |
1241 | .br | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1242 | .I /etc/mtab~ |
1243 | lock file | |
1244 | .br | |
1245 | .I /etc/mtab.tmp | |
1246 | temporary file | |
1247 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
fd6b7a7f KZ |
1248 | .BR mount (2), |
1249 | .BR umount (2), | |
1250 | .BR fstab (5), | |
1251 | .BR umount (8), | |
1252 | .BR swapon (8), | |
1253 | .BR nfs (5), | |
1254 | .BR mountd (8), | |
1255 | .BR nfsd (8), | |
1256 | .BR mke2fs (8), | |
1257 | .BR tune2fs (8), | |
1258 | .BR losetup (8) | |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1259 | .SH BUGS |
1260 | It is possible for a corrupted file system to cause a crash. | |
1261 | .PP | |
1262 | Some Linux file systems don't support | |
fd6b7a7f | 1263 | .B "\-o sync" |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1264 | (the ext2fs |
1265 | .I does | |
1266 | support synchronous updates (a la BSD) when mounted with the | |
1267 | .B sync | |
1268 | option). | |
1269 | .PP | |
1270 | The | |
fd6b7a7f | 1271 | .B "\-o remount" |
6dbe3af9 | 1272 | may not be able to change mount parameters (all |
fd6b7a7f | 1273 | .IR ext2fs -specific |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1274 | parameters, except |
1275 | .BR sb , | |
1276 | are changeable with a remount, for example, but you can't change | |
1277 | .B gid | |
1278 | or | |
1279 | .B umask | |
1280 | for the | |
fd6b7a7f | 1281 | .IR fatfs ). |
6dbe3af9 KZ |
1282 | .SH HISTORY |
1283 | A | |
1284 | .B mount | |
5c36a0eb | 1285 | command existed in Version 5 AT&T UNIX. |