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1/*
2 * Copyright (C) 2003-2007 Red Hat, Inc.
3 *
4 * This file is part of util-linux.
5 *
6 * This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
9 * (at your option) any later version.
10 *
11 * This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 *
16 *
17 * Written by Elliot Lee <sopwith@redhat.com>
18 * New personality options & code added by Jindrich Novy <jnovy@redhat.com>
19 * ADD_NO_RANDOMIZE flag added by Arjan van de Ven <arjanv@redhat.com>
20 * Help and MIPS support from Mike Frysinger (vapier@gentoo.org)
21 * Better error handling from Dmitry V. Levin (ldv@altlinux.org)
22 *
23 * based on ideas from the ppc32 util by Guy Streeter (2002-01), based on the
24 * sparc32 util by Jakub Jelinek (1998, 1999)
25 */
26
27#include <sys/personality.h>
28#include <unistd.h>
29#include <stdio.h>
30#include <string.h>
31#include <stdlib.h>
32#include <getopt.h>
33#include <limits.h>
34#include <sys/utsname.h>
35#include "nls.h"
36#include "c.h"
37#include "closestream.h"
38#include "sysfs.h"
39#include "strutils.h"
40#include "procfs.h"
41
42#ifndef HAVE_PERSONALITY
43# include <syscall.h>
44# define personality(pers) ((long)syscall(SYS_personality, pers))
45#endif
46
47#define turn_on(_flag, _opts) \
48 do { \
49 (_opts) |= _flag; \
50 if (verbose) \
51 printf(_("Switching on %s.\n"), #_flag); \
52 } while(0)
53
54#ifndef UNAME26
55# define UNAME26 0x0020000
56#endif
57#ifndef ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE
58# define ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE 0x0040000
59#endif
60#ifndef FDPIC_FUNCPTRS
61# define FDPIC_FUNCPTRS 0x0080000
62#endif
63#ifndef MMAP_PAGE_ZERO
64# define MMAP_PAGE_ZERO 0x0100000
65#endif
66#ifndef ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT
67# define ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT 0x0200000
68#endif
69#ifndef READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
70# define READ_IMPLIES_EXEC 0x0400000
71#endif
72#ifndef ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT
73# define ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT 0x0800000
74#endif
75#ifndef SHORT_INODE
76# define SHORT_INODE 0x1000000
77#endif
78#ifndef WHOLE_SECONDS
79# define WHOLE_SECONDS 0x2000000
80#endif
81#ifndef STICKY_TIMEOUTS
82# define STICKY_TIMEOUTS 0x4000000
83#endif
84#ifndef ADDR_LIMIT_3GB
85# define ADDR_LIMIT_3GB 0x8000000
86#endif
87
88/* fallback for old glibc-headers 2.17 */
89#ifndef PER_LINUX_FDPIC
90# define PER_LINUX_FDPIC (PER_LINUX | FDPIC_FUNCPTRS)
91#endif
92
93/* fallback for old uclibc-headers < 1.0.39 */
94#ifndef PER_LINUX32_3GB
95# define PER_LINUX32_3GB (PER_LINUX32 | ADDR_LIMIT_3GB)
96#endif
97
98#define ALL_PERSONALITIES \
99 X(PER_LINUX) \
100 X(PER_LINUX_32BIT) \
101 X(PER_LINUX_FDPIC) \
102 X(PER_SVR4) \
103 X(PER_SVR3) \
104 X(PER_SCOSVR3) \
105 X(PER_OSR5) \
106 X(PER_WYSEV386) \
107 X(PER_ISCR4) \
108 X(PER_BSD) \
109 X(PER_SUNOS) \
110 X(PER_XENIX) \
111 X(PER_LINUX32) \
112 X(PER_LINUX32_3GB) \
113 X(PER_IRIX32) \
114 X(PER_IRIXN32) \
115 X(PER_IRIX64) \
116 X(PER_RISCOS) \
117 X(PER_SOLARIS) \
118 X(PER_UW7) \
119 X(PER_OSF4) \
120 X(PER_HPUX) \
121
122
123#define ALL_OPTIONS \
124 X(UNAME26) \
125 X(ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE) \
126 X(FDPIC_FUNCPTRS) \
127 X(MMAP_PAGE_ZERO) \
128 X(ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT) \
129 X(READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) \
130 X(ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT) \
131 X(SHORT_INODE) \
132 X(WHOLE_SECONDS) \
133 X(STICKY_TIMEOUTS) \
134 X(ADDR_LIMIT_3GB) \
135
136
137struct arch_domain {
138 int perval; /* PER_* */
139 const char *target_arch;
140 const char *result_arch;
141};
142
143
144static void __attribute__((__noreturn__)) usage(int archwrapper)
145{
146 fputs(USAGE_HEADER, stdout);
147 if (!archwrapper)
148 fprintf(stdout, _(" %s [<arch>] [options] [<program> [<argument>...]]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
149 else
150 fprintf(stdout, _(" %s [options] [<program> [<argument>...]]\n"), program_invocation_short_name);
151
152 fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, stdout);
153 fputs(_("Change the reported architecture and set personality flags.\n"), stdout);
154
155 fputs(USAGE_OPTIONS, stdout);
156 fputs(_(" -B, --32bit turns on ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT\n"), stdout);
157 fputs(_(" -F, --fdpic-funcptrs makes function pointers point to descriptors\n"), stdout);
158 fputs(_(" -I, --short-inode turns on SHORT_INODE\n"), stdout);
159 fputs(_(" -L, --addr-compat-layout changes the way virtual memory is allocated\n"), stdout);
160 fputs(_(" -R, --addr-no-randomize disables randomization of the virtual address space\n"), stdout);
161 fputs(_(" -S, --whole-seconds turns on WHOLE_SECONDS\n"), stdout);
162 fputs(_(" -T, --sticky-timeouts turns on STICKY_TIMEOUTS\n"), stdout);
163 fputs(_(" -X, --read-implies-exec turns on READ_IMPLIES_EXEC\n"), stdout);
164 fputs(_(" -Z, --mmap-page-zero turns on MMAP_PAGE_ZERO\n"), stdout);
165 fputs(_(" -3, --3gb limits the used address space to a maximum of 3 GB\n"), stdout);
166 fputs(_(" --4gb ignored (for backward compatibility only)\n"), stdout);
167 fputs(_(" --uname-2.6 turns on UNAME26\n"), stdout);
168 fputs(_(" -v, --verbose say what options are being switched on\n"), stdout);
169
170 if (!archwrapper) {
171 fputs(_(" --list list settable architectures, and exit\n"), stdout);
172 fputs(_(" --show[=personality] show current or specific personality and exit\n"), stdout);
173 fputs(_(" -p, --pid=PID show the personality of the process using with --show\n"), stdout);
174 }
175
176 fputs(USAGE_SEPARATOR, stdout);
177 fprintf(stdout, USAGE_HELP_OPTIONS(26));
178 fprintf(stdout, USAGE_MAN_TAIL("setarch(8)"));
179
180 exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
181}
182
183/*
184 * Returns inilialized list of all available execution domains.
185 */
186static struct arch_domain *init_arch_domains(void)
187{
188 static struct utsname un;
189 size_t i;
190
191 static struct arch_domain transitions[] =
192 {
193 {UNAME26, "uname26", NULL},
194 {PER_LINUX32, "linux32", NULL},
195 {PER_LINUX, "linux64", NULL},
196#if defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
197# ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
198 {PER_LINUX32, "ppc32", "ppc"},
199 {PER_LINUX32, "ppc", "ppc"},
200 {PER_LINUX, "ppc64", "ppc64"},
201 {PER_LINUX, "ppc64pseries", "ppc64"},
202 {PER_LINUX, "ppc64iseries", "ppc64"},
203# else
204 {PER_LINUX32, "ppc32", "ppcle"},
205 {PER_LINUX32, "ppc", "ppcle"},
206 {PER_LINUX32, "ppc32le", "ppcle"},
207 {PER_LINUX32, "ppcle", "ppcle"},
208 {PER_LINUX, "ppc64le", "ppc64le"},
209# endif
210#endif
211#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__ia64__)
212 {PER_LINUX32, "i386", "i386"},
213 {PER_LINUX32, "i486", "i386"},
214 {PER_LINUX32, "i586", "i386"},
215 {PER_LINUX32, "i686", "i386"},
216 {PER_LINUX32, "athlon", "i386"},
217#endif
218#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
219 {PER_LINUX, "x86_64", "x86_64"},
220#endif
221#if defined(__ia64__) || defined(__i386__)
222 {PER_LINUX, "ia64", "ia64"},
223#endif
224#if defined(__hppa__)
225 {PER_LINUX32, "parisc32", "parisc"},
226 {PER_LINUX32, "parisc", "parisc"},
227 {PER_LINUX, "parisc64", "parisc64"},
228#endif
229#if defined(__s390x__) || defined(__s390__)
230 {PER_LINUX32, "s390", "s390"},
231 {PER_LINUX, "s390x", "s390x"},
232#endif
233#if defined(__sparc64__) || defined(__sparc__)
234 {PER_LINUX32, "sparc", "sparc"},
235 {PER_LINUX32, "sparc32bash", "sparc"},
236 {PER_LINUX32, "sparc32", "sparc"},
237 {PER_LINUX, "sparc64", "sparc64"},
238#endif
239#if defined(__mips64__) || defined(__mips__)
240 {PER_LINUX32, "mips32", "mips"},
241 {PER_LINUX32, "mips", "mips"},
242 {PER_LINUX, "mips64", "mips64"},
243#endif
244#if defined(__alpha__)
245 {PER_LINUX, "alpha", "alpha"},
246 {PER_LINUX, "alphaev5", "alpha"},
247 {PER_LINUX, "alphaev56", "alpha"},
248 {PER_LINUX, "alphaev6", "alpha"},
249 {PER_LINUX, "alphaev67", "alpha"},
250#endif
251#if defined(__loongarch__)
252 {PER_LINUX, "loongarch", "loongarch64"},
253 {PER_LINUX, "loongarch64", "loongarch64"},
254#endif
255#if defined(__e2k__)
256 {PER_LINUX, "e2k", "e2k"},
257 {PER_LINUX, "e2kv4", "e2k"},
258 {PER_LINUX, "e2kv5", "e2k"},
259 {PER_LINUX, "e2kv6", "e2k"},
260 {PER_LINUX, "e2k4c", "e2k"},
261 {PER_LINUX, "e2k8c", "e2k"},
262 {PER_LINUX, "e2k1cp", "e2k"},
263 {PER_LINUX, "e2k8c2", "e2k"},
264 {PER_LINUX, "e2k12c", "e2k"},
265 {PER_LINUX, "e2k16c", "e2k"},
266 {PER_LINUX, "e2k2c3", "e2k"},
267#endif
268#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
269# ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
270 {PER_LINUX32, "armv7b", "arm"},
271 {PER_LINUX32, "armv8b", "arm"},
272# else
273 {PER_LINUX32, "armv7l", "arm"},
274 {PER_LINUX32, "armv8l", "arm"},
275# endif
276 {PER_LINUX32, "armh", "arm"},
277 {PER_LINUX32, "arm", "arm"},
278 {PER_LINUX, "arm64", "aarch64"},
279 {PER_LINUX, "aarch64", "aarch64"},
280#endif
281#if defined(__riscv)
282 {PER_LINUX32, "riscv32", "riscv32"},
283 {PER_LINUX32, "rv32", "riscv32"},
284 {PER_LINUX, "riscv64", "riscv64"},
285 {PER_LINUX, "rv64", "riscv64"},
286#endif
287 /* place holder, will be filled up at runtime */
288 {-1, NULL, NULL},
289 {-1, NULL, NULL}
290 };
291
292 /* Add the trivial transition {PER_LINUX, machine, machine} if no
293 * such target_arch is hardcoded yet. */
294 uname(&un);
295 for (i = 0; transitions[i].perval >= 0; i++)
296 if (!strcmp(un.machine, transitions[i].target_arch))
297 break;
298 if (transitions[i].perval < 0) {
299 int wrdsz = sysfs_get_address_bits(NULL);
300 if (wrdsz < 0)
301 wrdsz = CHAR_BIT * sizeof(void *);
302 if (wrdsz == 32 || wrdsz == 64) {
303 /* fill up the place holder */
304 transitions[i].perval = wrdsz == 32 ? PER_LINUX32 : PER_LINUX;
305 transitions[i].target_arch = un.machine;
306 transitions[i].result_arch = un.machine;
307 }
308 }
309
310 return transitions;
311}
312
313/*
314 * List all execution domains from transitions
315 */
316static void list_arch_domains(struct arch_domain *doms)
317{
318 struct arch_domain *d;
319
320 for (d = doms; d->target_arch != NULL; d++)
321 printf("%s\n", d->target_arch);
322}
323
324static struct arch_domain *get_arch_domain(struct arch_domain *doms, const char *pers)
325{
326 struct arch_domain *d;
327
328 for (d = doms; d && d->perval >= 0; d++) {
329 if (!strcmp(pers, d->target_arch))
330 break;
331 }
332
333 return !d || d->perval < 0 ? NULL : d;
334}
335
336static void verify_arch_domain(struct arch_domain *doms, struct arch_domain *target, const char *wanted)
337{
338 struct utsname un;
339
340 if (!doms || !target || !target->result_arch)
341 return;
342
343 uname(&un);
344
345 if (!strcmp(un.machine, target->result_arch))
346 return;
347
348 if (!strcmp(target->result_arch, "i386") ||
349 !strcmp(target->result_arch, "arm")) {
350 struct arch_domain *dom;
351 for (dom = doms; dom->target_arch != NULL; dom++) {
352 if (!dom->result_arch || strcmp(dom->result_arch, target->result_arch))
353 continue;
354 if (!strcmp(dom->target_arch, un.machine))
355 return;
356 }
357 }
358
359 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("Kernel cannot set architecture to %s"), wanted);
360}
361
362static const struct { int value; const char * const name; } all_personalities[] = {
363#define X(opt) { .value = opt, .name = #opt },
364 ALL_PERSONALITIES
365#undef X
366};
367
368static const struct { int value; const char * const name; } all_options[] = {
369#define X(opt) { .value = opt, .name = #opt },
370 ALL_OPTIONS
371#undef X
372};
373
374static void show_personality(int pers)
375{
376 int options;
377 size_t i;
378
379 /* Test for exact matches including options */
380 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(all_personalities); i++) {
381 if (pers == all_personalities[i].value) {
382 printf("%s\n", all_personalities[i].name);
383 return;
384 }
385 }
386
387 options = pers & ~PER_MASK;
388 pers &= PER_MASK;
389
390 /* Second test for type-only matches */
391 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(all_personalities); i++) {
392 if (pers == all_personalities[i].value) {
393 printf("%s", all_personalities[i].name);
394 break;
395 }
396 }
397
398 if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(all_personalities))
399 printf("0x%02x", pers);
400
401 if (options) {
402 printf(" (");
403
404 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(all_options); i++) {
405 if (options & all_options[i].value) {
406 printf("%s", all_options[i].name);
407
408 options &= ~all_options[i].value;
409 if (options)
410 printf(" ");
411 }
412 }
413 if (options)
414 printf("0x%08x", options);
415 printf(")");
416 }
417 printf("\n");
418}
419
420static void show_current_personality(void)
421{
422 int pers = personality(0xffffffff);
423 if (pers == -1)
424 err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("Can not get current kernel personality"));
425
426 show_personality(pers);
427}
428
429static void show_process_personality(pid_t pid)
430{
431 int pers;
432 char *pers_str;
433
434 pers_str = pid_get_personality(pid);
435 if (pers_str == NULL)
436 err(EXIT_FAILURE,
437 _("Can not get the personality for process(%d)"),
438 pid);
439 pers = str2num_or_err(pers_str, 16,
440 _("could not parse personality"),
441 0, INT_MAX);
442 free(pers_str);
443
444 show_personality(pers);
445}
446
447int main(int argc, char *argv[])
448{
449 const char *arch = NULL;
450 unsigned long options = 0;
451 int verbose = 0;
452 int archwrapper;
453 int c;
454 struct arch_domain *doms = NULL, *target = NULL;
455 unsigned long pers_value = 0;
456 char *shell = NULL, *shell_arg = NULL;
457 int do_show = 0;
458 pid_t target_pid = 0;
459
460 /* Options without equivalent short options */
461 enum {
462 OPT_4GB = CHAR_MAX + 1,
463 OPT_UNAME26,
464 OPT_LIST,
465 OPT_SHOW,
466 };
467
468 /* Options --3gb and --4gb are for compatibility with an old
469 * Debian setarch implementation. */
470 static const struct option longopts[] = {
471 {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
472 {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
473 {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
474 {"addr-no-randomize", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
475 {"fdpic-funcptrs", no_argument, NULL, 'F'},
476 {"mmap-page-zero", no_argument, NULL, 'Z'},
477 {"addr-compat-layout", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
478 {"read-implies-exec", no_argument, NULL, 'X'},
479 {"32bit", no_argument, NULL, 'B'},
480 {"short-inode", no_argument, NULL, 'I'},
481 {"whole-seconds", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
482 {"sticky-timeouts", no_argument, NULL, 'T'},
483 {"3gb", no_argument, NULL, '3'},
484 {"4gb", no_argument, NULL, OPT_4GB},
485 {"uname-2.6", no_argument, NULL, OPT_UNAME26},
486 {"list", no_argument, NULL, OPT_LIST},
487 {"show", optional_argument, NULL, OPT_SHOW},
488 {"pid", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
489 {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
490 };
491
492 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
493 bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
494 textdomain(PACKAGE);
495 close_stdout_atexit();
496
497 if (argc < 1) {
498 warnx(_("Not enough arguments"));
499 errtryhelp(EXIT_FAILURE);
500 }
501 archwrapper = strcmp(program_invocation_short_name, "setarch") != 0;
502 if (archwrapper) {
503 arch = program_invocation_short_name; /* symlinks to setarch */
504
505 /* Don't use ifdef sparc here, we get "Unrecognized architecture"
506 * error message later if necessary */
507 if (strcmp(arch, "sparc32bash") == 0) {
508 shell = "/bin/bash";
509 shell_arg = "";
510 goto set_arch;
511 }
512 } else {
513 if (1 < argc && *argv[1] != '-') {
514 arch = argv[1];
515 argv[1] = argv[0]; /* for getopt_long() to get the program name */
516 argv++;
517 argc--;
518 }
519 }
520
521 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hVv3BFILRSTXZp:", longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
522 switch (c) {
523 case 'v':
524 verbose = 1;
525 break;
526 case 'R':
527 turn_on(ADDR_NO_RANDOMIZE, options);
528 break;
529 case 'F':
530 turn_on(FDPIC_FUNCPTRS, options);
531 break;
532 case 'Z':
533 turn_on(MMAP_PAGE_ZERO, options);
534 break;
535 case 'L':
536 turn_on(ADDR_COMPAT_LAYOUT, options);
537 break;
538 case 'X':
539 turn_on(READ_IMPLIES_EXEC, options);
540 break;
541 case 'B':
542 turn_on(ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT, options);
543 break;
544 case 'I':
545 turn_on(SHORT_INODE, options);
546 break;
547 case 'S':
548 turn_on(WHOLE_SECONDS, options);
549 break;
550 case 'T':
551 turn_on(STICKY_TIMEOUTS, options);
552 break;
553 case '3':
554 turn_on(ADDR_LIMIT_3GB, options);
555 break;
556 case OPT_4GB: /* just ignore this one */
557 break;
558 case OPT_UNAME26:
559 turn_on(UNAME26, options);
560 break;
561 case OPT_LIST:
562 if (!archwrapper) {
563 list_arch_domains(init_arch_domains());
564 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
565 } else
566 warnx(_("unrecognized option '--list'"));
567 goto error_getopts;
568 case 'p':
569 if (!archwrapper) {
570 target_pid = strtopid_or_err(optarg, _("invalid PID argument"));
571 if (target_pid <= 0)
572 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("out of range value for pid specification: %d"),
573 target_pid);
574 break;
575 } else
576 warnx(_("unrecognized option '%s'"), argv[optind - 1]);
577 goto error_getopts;
578 case OPT_SHOW:
579 if (!archwrapper) {
580 if (!optarg) {
581 do_show = 1;
582 break;
583 } else if (strcmp(optarg, "current") == 0)
584 show_current_personality();
585 else
586 show_personality(str2num_or_err(
587 optarg, 16,
588 _("could not parse personality"),
589 0, INT_MAX));
590 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
591 } else
592 warnx(_("unrecognized option '--show'"));
593 goto error_getopts;
594
595error_getopts:
596 default:
597 errtryhelp(EXIT_FAILURE);
598 case 'h':
599 usage(archwrapper);
600 case 'V':
601 print_version(EXIT_SUCCESS);
602 }
603 }
604
605 /* We could not find --pid option though we saw --show option. */
606 if (do_show) {
607 if (target_pid)
608 show_process_personality(target_pid);
609 else
610 show_current_personality();
611 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
612 }
613 if (target_pid)
614 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("use -p/--pid option with --show option"));
615
616 if (!arch && !options)
617 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("no architecture argument or personality flags specified"));
618
619 argc -= optind;
620 argv += optind;
621
622set_arch:
623 /* get execution domain (architecture) */
624 if (arch) {
625 doms = init_arch_domains();
626 target = get_arch_domain(doms, arch);
627
628 if (!target)
629 errx(EXIT_FAILURE, _("%s: Unrecognized architecture"), arch);
630 pers_value = target->perval;
631 }
632
633 /* add personality flags */
634 pers_value |= options;
635
636 /* call kernel */
637 if (personality(pers_value) < 0) {
638 /*
639 * Depending on architecture and kernel version, personality
640 * syscall is either capable or incapable of returning an error.
641 * If the return value is not an error, then it's the previous
642 * personality value, which can be an arbitrary value
643 * undistinguishable from an error value.
644 * To make things clear, a second call is needed.
645 */
646 if (personality(pers_value) < 0)
647 err(EXIT_FAILURE, _("failed to set personality to %s"), arch);
648 }
649
650 /* make sure architecture is set as expected */
651 if (arch)
652 verify_arch_domain(doms, target, arch);
653
654 if (!argc) {
655 shell = "/bin/sh";
656 shell_arg = "-sh";
657 }
658 if (verbose) {
659 printf(_("Execute command `%s'.\n"), shell ? shell : argv[0]);
660 /* flush all output streams before exec */
661 fflush(NULL);
662 }
663
664 /* Execute shell */
665 if (shell) {
666 execl(shell, shell_arg, (char *)NULL);
667 errexec(shell);
668 }
669
670 /* Execute on command line specified command */
671 execvp(argv[0], argv);
672 errexec(argv[0]);
673}