doc/help/raster-driver.html

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 343 <!--
 344   "$Id$"
 345
 346   Raster printer driver documentation for CUPS.
 347
 348   Copyright 2007-2012 by Apple Inc.
 349   Copyright 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products.
 350
 351   These coded instructions, statements, and computer programs are the
 352   property of Apple Inc. and are protected by Federal copyright
 353   law.  Distribution and use rights are outlined in the file "LICENSE.txt"
 354   which should have been included with this file.  If this file is
 355   file is missing or damaged, see the license at "http://www.cups.org/".
 356 -->
 357
 358 <h1 class='title'>Developing Raster Printer Drivers</h1>
 359
 360 <p>This document describes how to develop printer drivers for raster printers. Topics include: <a href='#BASICS'>printer driver basics</a>, <a href='#CREATE'>creating new PPD files</a>, <a href='#FILTERS'>using filters</a>, <a href='#COLOR'>implementing color management</a>, and <a href='#MACOSX'>adding OS X features</a>.</p>
 361
 362 <div class='summary'><table summary='General Information'>
 363 <tbody>
 364 <tr>
 365         <th>See Also</th>
 366         <td>Programming: <a href='postscript-driver.html'>Developing PostScript Printer Drivers</a><br>
 367         Programming: <a href='api-filter.html'>Filter and Backend Programming</a><br>
 368         Programming: <a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a><br>
 369         Programming: <a href='api-raster.html'>Raster API</a><br>
 370         References: <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html'>PPD Compiler Driver Information File Reference</a><br>
 371         Specifications: <a href='spec-ppd.html'>CUPS PPD Extensions</a></td>
 372 </tr>
 373 </tbody>
 374 </table></div>
 375 <h2 class="title">Contents</h2>
 376 <ul class="contents">
 377 <li><a href="#BASICS">Printer Driver Basics</a></li>
 378 <li><a href="#CREATING">Creating New PPD Files</a></li>
 379 <li><a href="#FILTERS">Using Filters</a></li>
 380 <li><a href="#COLOR">Implementing Color Management</a></li>
 381 <li><a href="#MACOSX">Adding OS X Features</a></li>
 382 </ul>
 383 <h2 class='title'><a name='BASICS'>Printer Driver Basics</a></h2>
 384
 385 <p>A CUPS raster printer driver consists of a PostScript Printer Description (PPD) file that describes the features and capabilities of the device, one or more <em>filter</em> programs that prepare print data for the device, and zero or more support files for color management, online help, and so forth. The PPD file includes references to all of the filters and support files used by the driver.</p>
 386
 387 <p>Every time a user prints something the scheduler program, <a href='man-cupsd.html'>cupsd(8)</a>, determines the format of the print job and the programs required to convert that job into something the printer understands. CUPS includes filter programs for many common formats, for example to convert Portable Document Format (PDF) files into CUPS raster data. <a href='#FIGURE_1'>Figure 1</a> shows the data flow of a typical print job.</p>
 388
 389 <div class='figure'><table summary='Raster Filter Chain'>
 390 <caption>Figure 1: <a name='FIGURE_1'>Raster Filter Chain</a></caption>
 391 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-raster-chain.png' width='700' height='150' alt='Raster Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 392 </table></div>
 393
 394 <p>The raster filter converts CUPS raster data into a format the printer understands, for example HP-PCL. CUPS includes several sample raster filters supporting standard page description languages (PDLs). <a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the raster filters that are bundled with CUPS and the languages they support.</p>
 395
 396 <div class='table'><table summary='Standard CUPS Raster Filters'>
 397 <caption>Table 1: <a name='TABLE_1'>Standard CUPS Raster Filters</a></caption>
 398 <thead>
 399 <tr><th>Filter</th><th>PDLs</th><th>ppdc DriverType</th><th>ppdc #include file</th></tr>
 400 </thead>
 401 <tbody>
 402 <tr><td>rastertoepson</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2</td><td>epson</td><td>epson.h</td></tr>
 403 <tr><td>rastertoescpx</td><td>ESC/P, ESC/P2, EPSON Remote Mode</td><td>escp</td><td>escp.h</td></tr>
 404 <tr><td>rastertohp</td><td>HP-PCL3, HP-PCL5</td><td>hp</td><td>hp.h</td></tr>
 405 <tr><td>rastertolabel</td><td>CPCL, Dymo, EPL1, EPL2, Intellitech PCL, ZPL</td><td>label</td><td>label.h</td></tr>
 406 <tr><td>rastertopclx</td><td>HP-RTL, HP-PCL3, HP-PCL3GUI, HP-PCL5, HP-PCL5c, HP-PCL5e</td><td>pcl</td><td>pcl.h</td></tr>
 407 </tbody>
 408 </table></div>
 409
 410 <p>The optional port monitor handles interface-specific protocol or encoding issues. For example, some raster printers use the 1284.4 communications protocol.</p>
 411
 412 <p>The backend handles communications with the printer, sending print data from the last filter to the printer and relaying back-channel data from the printer to the upstream filters. CUPS includes backend programs for common direct-connect interfaces and network protocols, and you can provide your own backend to support custom interfaces and protocols.</p>
 413
 414 <p>The scheduler also supports a special "command" file format for sending maintenance commands and status queries to a printer or printer driver. Command print jobs typically use a single command filter program defined in the PPD file to generate the appropriate printer commands and handle any responses from the printer. <a href='#FIGURE_2'>Figure 2</a> shows the data flow of a typical command job.</p>
 415
 416 <div class='figure'><table summary='Command Filter Chain'>
 417 <caption>Figure 2: <a name='FIGURE_2'>Command Filter Chain</a></caption>
 418 <tr><td><img src='../images/cups-command-chain.png' width='575' height='150' alt='Command Filter Chain'></td></tr>
 419 </table></div>
 420
 421 <p>Raster printer drivers must provide their own command filter.</p>
 422
 423
 424 <h2 class='title'><a name='CREATING'>Creating New PPD Files</a></h2>
 425
 426 <p>We recommend using the CUPS PPD compiler, <a href='man-ppdc.html'>ppdc(1)</a>, to create new PPD files since it manages many of the tedious (and error-prone!) details of paper sizes and localization for you. It also allows you to easily support multiple devices from a single source file. For more information see the "<a href='ppd-compiler.html'>Introduction to the PPD Compiler</a>" document. <a href='#LISTING_1'>Listing 1</a> shows a driver information file for several similar black-and-white HP-PCL5 laser printers.</p>
 427
 428 <p class='example'>Listing 1: <a name='LISTING_1'>"examples/laserjet-basic.drv"</a></p>
 429
 430 <pre class='example'>
 431 <I>// Include standard font and media definitions</I>
 432 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;font.defs&gt;
 433 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;media.defs&gt;
 434
 435 <I>// Include HP-PCL driver definitions</I>
 436 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#_include'>#include</a> &lt;pcl.h&gt;
 437
 438 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 439 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 440
 441 <I>// Specify the driver options via the model number...</I>
 442 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelNumber'>ModelNumber</a> ($PCL_PAPER_SIZE $PCL_PJL $PCL_PJL_RESOLUTION)
 443
 444 <I>// List the fonts that are supported, in this case all standard fonts...</I>
 445 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Font'>Font</a> *
 446
 447 <I>// Manufacturer and driver version</I>
 448 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Manufacturer'>Manufacturer</a> "HP"
 449 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Version'>Version</a> 1.0
 450
 451 <I>// Supported page sizes and their margins</I>
 452 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12 18 12
 453 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Letter
 454 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Legal
 455 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Executive
 456 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Monarch
 457 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Statement
 458 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> FanFoldGermanLegal
 459
 460 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 18 12.72 18 12.72
 461 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Env10
 462
 463 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#HWMargins'>HWMargins</a> 9.72 12 9.72 12
 464 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A4
 465 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> A5
 466 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> B5
 467 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvC5
 468 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvDL
 469 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> EnvISOB5
 470 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> Postcard
 471 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#MediaSize'>MediaSize</a> DoublePostcard
 472
 473 <I>// Only black-and-white output with mode 3 compression...</I>
 474 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ColorModel'>ColorModel</a> Gray k chunky 3
 475
 476 <I>// Supported resolutions</I>
 477 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 1 0 0 0 "300dpi/300 DPI"
 478 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Resolution'>Resolution</a> - 8 0 0 0 "600dpi/600 DPI"
 479
 480 <I>// Supported input slots</I>
 481 *<a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 7 "Auto/Automatic Selection"
 482 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 2 "Manual/Tray 1 - Manual Feed"
 483 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 4 "Upper/Tray 1"
 484 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 1 "Lower/Tray 2"
 485 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#InputSlot'>InputSlot</a> 5 "LargeCapacity/Tray 3"
 486
 487 <I>// Tray 3 is an option...</I>
 488 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionLargeCapacity/Tray 3 Installed"
 489 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionLargeCapacity False *InputSlot LargeCapacity"
 490
 491 {
 492   <I>// HP LaserJet 2100 Series</I>
 493   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 10
 494   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2100 Series"
 495   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt211.ppd"
 496 }
 497
 498 {
 499   <I>// LaserJet 2200 and 2300 series have duplexer option...</I>
 500   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Duplex'>Duplex</a> normal
 501   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Installable'>Installable</a> "OptionDuplex/Duplexer Installed"
 502   <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#UIConstraints'>UIConstraints</a> "*OptionDuplex False *Duplex"
 503
 504   {
 505     <I>// HP LaserJet 2200 Series</I>
 506     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 19
 507     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2200 Series"
 508     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt221.ppd"
 509   }
 510
 511   {
 512     <I>// HP LaserJet 2300 Series</I>
 513     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Throughput'>Throughput</a> 25
 514     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#ModelName'>ModelName</a> "LaserJet 2300 Series"
 515     <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#PCFileName'>PCFileName</a> "hpljt231.ppd"
 516   }
 517 }
 518 </pre>
 519
 520
 521 <h2 class='title'><a name='FILTERS'>Using Filters</a></h2>
 522
 523 <p>The standard CUPS raster filters can be specified using the
 524 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'><tt>DriverType</tt></a> directive, for example:</p>
 525
 526 <pre class='example'>
 527 <I>// Specify that this driver uses the HP-PCL driver...</I>
 528 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> pcl
 529 </pre>
 530
 531 <p><a href='#TABLE_1'>Table 1</a> shows the driver types for each of the standard CUPS raster filters. For drivers that do not use the standard raster filters, the "custom" type is used with <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'><tt>Filter</tt></a> directives:</p>
 532
 533 <pre class='example'>
 534 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#DriverType'>DriverType</a> custom
 535 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-raster 100 /path/to/raster/filter
 536 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Filter'>Filter</a> application/vnd.cups-command 100 /path/to/command/filter
 537 </pre>
 538
 539
 540 <h2 class='title'><a name='COLOR'>Implementing Color Management</a></h2>
 541
 542 <p>CUPS uses ICC color profiles to provide more accurate color reproduction. The <a href='spec-ppd.html#cupsICCProfile'><tt>cupsICCProfile</tt></a> attribute defines the color profiles that are available for a given printer, for example:</p>
 543
 544 <pre class='example'>
 545 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution/Description" /path/to/ICC/profile
 546 </pre>
 547
 548 <p>where "ColorModel.MediaType.Resolution" defines a selector based on the corresponding option selections. A simple driver might only define profiles for the color models that are supported, for example a printer supporting Gray and RGB might use:</p>
 549
 550 <pre class='example'>
 551 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "Gray../Grayscale Profile" /path/to/ICC/gray-profile
 552 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> cupsICCProfile "RGB../Full Color Profile" /path/to/ICC/rgb-profile
 553 </pre>
 554
 555 <p>The options used for profile selection can be customized using the <tt>cupsICCQualifier2</tt> and <tt>cupsICCQualifier3</tt> attributes.</p>
 556
 557 <h3><span class='info'>Since OS X 10.5</span>Custom Color Matching Support</h3>
 558
 559 <p>OS X printer drivers that are based on an existing standard RGB colorspace can tell the system to use the corresponding colorspace instead of an arbitrary ICC color profile when doing color management. The <a href='#APCustom'><tt>APSupportsCustomColorMatching</tt></a> and <tt>APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile</tt> attributes can be used to enable this mode:</p>
 560
 561 <pre class='example'>
 562 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APSupportsCustomColorMatching "" true
 563 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDefaultCustomColorMatchingProfile "" sRGB
 564 </pre>
 565
 566
 567 <h2 class='title'><a name='MACOSX'>Adding OS X Features</a></h2>
 568
 569 <p>OS X printer drivers can provide <a href='spec-ppd.html#MACOSX'>additional attributes</a> to specify additional option panes in the print dialog, an image of the printer, a help book, and option presets for the driver software:</p>
 570
 571 <pre class='example'>
 572 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APDialogExtension "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.plugin
 573 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APHelpBook "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.bundle
 574 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterIconPath "" /Library/Printers/Vendor/filename.icns
 575 <a href='ref-ppdcfile.html#Attribute'>Attribute</a> APPrinterPreset "name/text" "*option choice ..."
 576 </pre>
 577 </div>
 578 </body>
 579 </html>